Informe de Laboratorio N 9

 

VNJPF]UJGOG NOEJHNOB GF JNIFNJF]ÄO @oeubtog gf jnifnjfräo odmjfntob BOMH]OWH]JH N±1:

‒Qrhgueth gf shbumjbjgog— JNWFI]ONWFU3 

EOUWJBBH DJNOZO M]FJSJ

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BHQFS DFCJO EO]BO BH]FNO

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EEOLVONO EHNGH]J EO]DFN BVEJO

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EH]OB E]VS LFMF] OBHNUH

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OQOSO LF]]F]O BVJU OB@HNUH

Q]H@FUH]3 EFUO] OVIVUWH DOUIH

EV]UH3 _VJDJEO J

=1?9

 

Q]OEWJEO GF BOMH]OWH]JH Q]HGVEWH GF UHBVMJBJGOG ― F_VJBJM]JH _VÄDJEH

Fxpfrjdfnth N±?3 ‒Hmtfnejõn gf QmJ=(s) (sob pheh shbumbf)— ?. Hmcftjv jvh hs3  

Ehnhefr bo ehnstontf gf prhgueth gf shbumjbjgog. Gftfrdjnor bo shbumjbjgog o ehngjejhnfs nhrdobfs.

=. @u @ung ngod odfn fnth th tfõr tfõrje jeh3 h3 =. =.? ?.

Qrhg rhgueth eth gf Uhbu bum mjbj bjg gog

Fb prhgueth gf shbumjbjgog (K ps ps) gf un ehdpufsth jõnjeh fs fb prhgueth gf bos ehnefntro ehne fntroejhn ejhnfs fs dhborfs dhborfs (gf fqujbjm fqujbjmrjh) rjh) gf bhs jhnfs jhnfs ehnstjtuy ehnstjtuyfntfs fntfs,, eogo uno fbfvogo o bo phtfnejo gfb ehf`jejfntf fstfqujhdêtrjeh fn bo feuoejõn gf fqujbjmrjh. Fn ifnfrob, poro uno rfoeejõn quädjeo gfb tjph3 o

m

o

+

m

 O M (s) ↝  O  + M Bo ehnstontf gfb prhgueth gf shbumjbjgog fs3 + o - m K ps ps(Oo Mm ) 4 [O T √[M T Bo ehns ehnsto tont ntf f gfb gfb prhg prhgue ueth th gf shbu shbumj mjbj bjgo gog g gf un ehdp ehdpuf ufst sth h gfpf gfpfng ngf f gf bo tfdpfroturo. Fb vobhr gf K ps jngjeo bo shbumjbjgog gf un ehdpufsth jõnjeh, fs gfejr, euonth dfnhr sfo su vobhr dfnhs shbumbf sfrï fb ehdpufsth. =.=.

Uhbumjbjgog

Uhbumjbjgog fs bo euobjgog gf shbumbf (quf sf pufgf gjshbvfr). Uf troto gf uno dfgjgo gf bo eopoejgog gf uno ejfrto sustonejo poro gjshbvfrsf fn htro. Bo sustonejo quf sf gjsufbvf sf ehnhef ehdh shbuth, djfntros quf bo sustonejo ghngf sf gjsufbvf fb shbuth rfejmf fb nhdmrf gf shbvfntf h gjshbvfntf. Bo ehnefntroejõn, phr htro portf, loef rf`frfnejo o bo prhphrejõn fxjstfntf fntrf bo eontjgog gf shbuth y bo eontjgog gf gjshbvfntf fn uno gjshbuejõn.

5. Dotfrjo jobbfs fs33   

Murfto Frbfndfyfr  Qm(NH5)

 

Gjoi oiro rodo do gf `b `buc uch3 h3 7. Gj

Qm (NH5)= 1,= D

      QmJ=   Qm=+ + = KNH5

Qunth gf fqujvobfnejo

  =+

Kps 4 QmJ

J

-

 Oporjejõn gf gf pfqufÿhs erjstobfs gf ehbhr odorjbbh ( QmJ= ) (s)

=

6. Eïbeubhs3 = KJ(oe)   = dhb

+

1,116dhb/B(=6db)

Qm(NH5) ? dhb

QmJ=

+

1,=dhb/B(Iosth)

Iosth (db) 4 1,116 x =6  

 

4 1,5?=6 db

= x 1,= QmJ= (s)

 

Jnjejh3

   

 

Qm+=  + = J-

E1 

1

1

Gjsufbvf3

U

U

=U 

Fqujbjmrjh3 Fqujbjmrj h3

Eh ― U

U

=U

 Kps4 ¸  Kps3 ‒ehnstontf gfb prhgueth gf shbumjbjgog—  Ogfdos3

 Kps4 ( U )∙¸   U4

5

∓

 Kps

 

7

U3 Uhbumjbjgog (dhb/ B) o =6 ± E

=KNH5(oe)

 

Fxpfrjdfntoejõn =6 db 1.116 D ?= db 1.= D == db

Phbudfn [KJT Phbudfn Qm(NH5)= [Qm(NH5)= Phbudfn QmJ= [J=Tprhdfgjh  

1.116∙?1 ?1+ ?=

+=

[Qm T

1.11=6∙?=

 

?1 + ?=

∝5

4 =.=9∙? 1

∝5

4 ?.50∙? 1

+= Qrhgueth gf shbumjbjgog3  Kps4 [  Q Q m T∙¸

   Kps4 [ =.=9∙? 1∝ 5 T∙[ ?.50∙? 1∝5 T 4 7.?:∙? 1∝ : Lobbodhs bo shbumjbjgog3 ∝:

U4

5

7.=∙? 1

∓

4?.1?0∙?1

∝5

dhb  B

7

F\QF]JDFNWH N±=3 ‒Fqujbjmrjh _uädjeh (`hrdoejõn gf un ehdpbfch)—

?. @u @ung ngod odfn fnth th tfõr tfõrje jeh3 h3

 

Fqujbjmrjh _uädjeh3 Fn un prhefsh quädjeh, fb fqujbjmrjh quädjeh fs fb fstogh fn fb quf bos oetjvjgogfs quädjeos h quädjeos h bos ehnefntroejhnfs gf ehnefntroejhnfs  gf bhs rfoetjvhs y bhs prhgueths nh tjfnfn njnión eodmjh nfth fn fb tjfdph. Nhrdobdfntf, fstf sfräo fb fstogh quf sf prhguef euongh uno rfoeejõn rfvfrsjmbf fvhbuejhno rfvfrsjmbf fvhbuejhno loejo ogfbontf fn bo djsdo prhphrejõn quf su rfoeejõn jnvfrso. Bo vfbhejgog gf rfoeejõn rfoeejõn gf  gf bos rfoeejhnfs rfoeejhnf s gjrfeto f jnvfrso phr bh ifnfrob nh shn efrh, pfrh, sj odmos shn jiuobfs, nh loy eodmjhs nfths fn euobqujfro gf bos ehnefntroejhnfs gf bhs rfoetjvhs h prhgueths. Fstf prhefsh sf gfnhdjno fqujbjmrjh gjnïdjeh gjnïdjeh..

oO + mM↝eE + gG

=. Dotfrjo jobbfs fs33  

Posh prfejpjtogh

 

Wumh gf fnsoyh

 

Gjoi oiro rodo do gf `b `buc uchs hs33 5. Gj

< db gf  KUEN 

< db gf  @fE b 5

=1 db gf  L = H

W ?

W =

W 5

Wumh poro ehdporor

7. Eïbeubhs3  @fE b 5+ 5 KUEN ↝ @f ¸

Ehdpbfch rhch

Fqujbjmrjh gf gfsehdphsjejõn3 Fqujbjmrjh jõnjeh  K gjshejoejhn  sf

 @f ¸

ehnhef o =6 ℅E  Qrjnejpjh gf BFELOWFBJF]

 

o) Ogje Ogjejh jhno norr = db gf  @fE b 5 o W = fb fqujbjmrjh jro loejo bo jzqujfrgo, vjênghsf gf ehbhr un pheh dïs rhch h eosj jiuob ob tumh m) Ob og ogje jejh jhno norr = db db g gf f  KEb fn fb tumh 5, fb fqujbjmrjh sf gfspbozoro loejo bo ∝¸ ¸ gfrfelo gfmjgh o quf fb UE N  , sf vo ehnsudjfngh gfmjgh ob K gfb  KEb  quf sf bf oirfio, fn ehnsfeufnejo fb fqujbjmrjh gf jgo loejo bo gfrfelo y bh ehdprhmorfdhs yo quf ob ehdporor ehn fb tumh ? sf nhtoro dfnhs rhco.

6. Op Opbj bjeo eoej ejhn hnfs fs33 

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Euongh sf ehnhef fb vobhr gf bo ehnstontf gfb prhgueth gf shbumjbjgog poro un ehdpufsth jõnjeh quf sfo pheh shbumbf, sf pufgf eobeubor mjfn su shbumjbjgog. Bo Kps pfrdjtf ehnhefr sj sf `hrdorï un prfejpjtogh ob dfzebor gjstjntos gjshbuejhnfs quf ehntfnion jhnfs quf ehdphnfn uno sob quf sfo pheh shbumbf.

Qoro fxpbjeor duelos gf bos rfoeejhnfs gf prfejpjtoejõn fn fb onïbjsjs euobjtotjvh jnhriïnjeh, jnhriïnjeh, rfsubton ótjbfs bhs vobhrfs gf Kps gf obiunhs prfejpjtoghs. Uf pugf eobeubor bo `fd (`ufrzo fbfetrhdhtrjz gf bo pjbo), o portjr gf Kps gf uno sob.

0. Eh Ehne nebu busj sjhn hnfs fs33

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Fb prhgueth gf shbumjbjgog Kps fxprfso fb fqujbjmrjh fntrf un sõbjgh y sus jhnfs fn gjshbuejõn. Wodmjên nhs jngjeo sj uno gjshbuejõ gjshbuejõn n fs jnsoturogo, soturogo h shmrfsoturogo. shmrfsoturogo. Dfgjontf eïbeubhs prfvjh gf bos ehnefntroej ehnefntroejhnfs hnfs sf pugf gftfrdjnor bo ehnstontf gfb prhgueth shbumjbjgog. shbumjbjg Dfgjontf fb eïbeubh gfb gf iosth sf loog. phgjgh gftfrdjnor gftfrdjnor bo ehnstontf gf prhgueth gf shbumjbjgog.

9. ]fehdfngoejhnfs3   

Fxtrofr ehn duelh eujgogh fb vhbudfn shbjejtogh gf KJ. Eobeubor gf rjiurhsodfntf fb iosth ( vhbudfn gf Qm(NH 5)= ) ]fobjzor ehrrfetodfntf bhs eïbeubhs shbjejtoghs tobfs ehdh Kps.