Informe de La Practica de Administracion

 

OFACXKL RCHXL IG PXÇBZOBG JL GJKOFORZXGBOÒF JL LKPXLRGR GDXCPLB\GXOGR

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KGXËG KLXBLJLR KLIC ZCXXLR Lbcfckostg, Kgdostlr lf Pigfoaobgboòf y Gjkofostrgboòf jl Jlsgrrciic Xldocfgi. Lsp. Lf Dlstoòf jl Prcylbtcs. Lsp. Lf Pigfoaobgboòf y Gjkofostrgboòf Gjkofostrgboòf jl Jlsgrrciic Xurgi.

\FOQLXROJGJ PLJGDÒDOBG _ ZLBFCIÒDOBG JL BCICKHOG AGB\IZG JL BOLFBOGR GDXCPLB\GXOGR PXCDXGKG JL OFDLFOLXËG GDXCFÒKOBG B\XRC JL GJKOFORZXGBOÒF JL LKPXLRGR GDXCPLB\GXOGR Z\FNG - HC_GBÇ 8074 ZGHIG JL BCFZLFOJC  pçd.

 

OFZXCJ\BBOÒF

8

CHNLZOQCR

2

LI BLFZXC JL DLRZOÒF GDXCLKPXLRGXOGI JLI CXOLFZL. RLFG (QLIL^) _ IG DXGFNG QOIIG I\^, (uhobgjg lf ics iëkotls lftrl ics kufobopocs jl HGXHCRG _ QÏIL^, RGFZGFJLX). AGHXOBG JL HCBGJOIICR ’IG QLIL×G JL HCBGJOIICR‛ (RLBZCX ICR D\G_GHCR ‒ QOG HGXHCRG - QLIL^, RGFZGFJLX). AGHXOBG JL HCBGJOIICR ’AX\ZO AXLRBG‛ (QLIL^, RGFZGFJLX

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80

LKPXLRG BGAÏ IG ZCXXL (B\XOZO, RGFZGFJLX)

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LKPXLRG BGAÏ D\GBGXO (Rgf Doi, RGFZGFJLX)

28

BCFBI\ROCFLR

24

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OFZXCJ\BBOÒF

7

 

Ig Gjkofostrgboòf Gdrcplbugrog ls ig bolfbog, grtl c mghoiojgj pgrg gibgfzgr ics chnltovcs jl ufg lkprlsg lkprlsg gdrc gdrcplb plbugro ugrogg klj kljogf ogftl tl ig pigflgb pigflgboòf oòf,, crdgfoz crdgfozgbo gboòf, òf, oftldrg oftldrgboò boòf, f, jorlbbo jorlbboòf òf y Bcftrci jl ics agbtcrls jl prcjubboòf jli sulic c rlburscs fgturgils bcf ic qul sl bulftgf, y sl  husbg ig kgycr rlftghoiojgj y holflstgr scbogi lf ics prcylbtcs prcjubtovcs jli bgkpc tgkhoïf ls aufjgklftgi aufjgklftgi gpiobgr ics profbo profbopocs pocs jl ig Bcftghoiojgj Bcftghoiojgj qul lfsl÷g bòkc iilvgr igs bulftgs lf acrkg crjlfgjg, jl kgflrg lbcfòkobg y ig utoi utoiojgj ojgjtgiqul dlflrg.qul lf uf kcklftc jgjc sl puljg bcfcblr ig sotugboòf Li slbtcr gdrcplbugroc jli pgës y jl kubmcs ct ctrcs rcs fc mgf okpilklftgjc ig gjkofostrgboòf y pcr  ic sl chslrvg ufg kgig jostrohuboòf jl ics rlburscs qul sl jospcflf y jlhojc g lstc sl mgbl flblsgroc okpilklftgr tcjgs igs hgsls tlòrobgs qul hrofjg lstg bolfbog pgrg pcjlr mgblr jli slbtcr slb tcr gdrc gdrcplbu plbugro grocc uf fldcb fldcboc oc rlftghil rlftghil.. Pcr lst lstcc tlflkc tlflkcss qul jlngr jlngr jl vlr g igs aofbgs aofbgs  prcjubtcrgs bckc sokpils aofbgs c drgfngs y bcklfzgr g vlrigs bckc ufg lkprlsg qul puljl iildgr g tlflr ufg drgf rlftghoiojgj, gpiobgfjc igs lstrgtldogs qul hrofjg ig gjkofostrgboòf. gjkofostrgboòf. Ig prçbtobg rlgiozgjg rlgiozgjg ics jëgs 20 y 27 jl kgyc lf jcfjl sl vosotgrcf lkprlsgs gdrcofjustrogils y prcjubtcrgs lf jcfjl sl chslrvò ïxotc jl lstgs lkprlsgs bcf ufg hulfg crdgfozgboòf y pcr  lfjll ufg hulfg gjk lfj gjkofo ofostrg strgboò boòff , lf li rlb rlbcrro crrojc jc sl chslrvò chslrvò igs vlftgng vlftgngss qul trgl pgrg ics  prcjubtcrls jli slbtcr s lbtcr gdrëbcig li tlkg jl igs gscbogbocfls igs bugils agboiotgf lf drgf kljojg ig tckg jl jlbosocfls gi kcklftc jl jlsgrrciigr ufg gbto gbtovojgj vojgj gdrëbcig prcjubtcrg gi odugi qul li klrbgjlc jl ics prcjubtcs chtlfojcs.

CHNLZOQCR

8

 

CHNLZOQCR DLFLXGILR Ojlftoaobgr y gfgiozgr lkprlsgs gdrcofjustrogils y lkprlsgs prcjubtcrgs lf jcs joalrlftls zcfgs jli jlpgr jlpgrtgk tgklft lftcc y bgj bgjgg ufg jl igs rgk rgkgs gs aufbocf aufbocfgil gilss jl igs lkprlsgs lkprlsgs g igs bugils bugils sl ils rlgiozc ig vosotg. CHNLZOQCR LRPLBOAOBCR

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Bckprlfjlr igs vlftgngs qul tolfl okpilklftgr ufg hulfg gjkofostrgboòf y igs vlftgngs qul trgl gi bgkpc bcickhogfc igs scboljgjls c gscbogbocfls. Gfgioz Gfgi ozgr gr lf bg bgjg jg ufg jl igs lkpr lkprlsg lsgss vo voso sotg tgjgs jgs ig igss ac acrt rtgi gilz lzgs gs,, cpcrt cpcrtuf ufoj ojgj gjls, ls, jlhoiojgjls y gklfgzgs qul puljg prlslftgr igs lkprlsgs vosotgjgs.

LI BLFZXC JL DLRZOÒF GDXCLKPXLRGXOGI JLI CXOLFZL. RLFG (QLIL^) _ IG DXGFNG QOIIG I\^, (uhobgjg lf ics iëkotls lftrl ics kufobopocs jl HGXHCRG _ QÏIL^, RGFZGFJLX).

2

 

Li Blftrc jl Dlstoòf Gdrclkprlsgrogi jli Crolftl tolfl bckc aufboòf profbopgi ig jl okpgrtor  bcf bgiojgj, acrkgboòf prcalsocfgi oftldrgi g tcjcs ics Bcickhogfcs5 bcf li aof jl jlsgrrciigr  bckpltlfbogs ighcrgils qul plrkotgf ig ofslrboòf ighcrgi jli plrscfgi fc vofbuigjc lf li slbtcr   prcjubtovc y ig bugioaobgboòf jli tgilftc mukgfc lf igs lkprlsgs. Jl odugi acrkg grtobuig lftojgjls y prcblscs pgrg bcftrohuor bcf li jlsgrrciic lbcfòkobc jl ig Xldoòf.

Aodurg 7. Blftrc jl Dlstoòf Gdrclkprlsgrogi jli crolftl, Aulftl> RLFG

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CHNLZOQCR

Chnltovcs jli Rostlkg Oftldrgjc jl Dlstoòf> 7. Ofbrlkl Ofbrlklftgr ftgr ig bgio bgiojgj, jgj, cpcrt cpcrtufojgj ufojgj,, plrtoflfbog plrtoflfbog y bgiojlz, bgiojlz, lf ig prlstgboòf prlstgboòf jl ics ics slrvobocs slrvobocs jl acr acrkg kgbo boòf, òf, g tr trgvï gvïss jl prcdrg prcdrgkg kgss y cal calrt rtgs gs qu qull rl rlspc spcfjg fjgff g ig igss fl flbls blsoj ojgj gjls ls y lxplbtgtovgs jl gprlfjobls y jli slbtcr prcjubtovc. 8. Gu Gukl klft ftgr gr igs igs cp cpcr crtu tufo fojg jgjl jlss jl dlfl dlflrg rgbo boòf òf jl of ofdr drls lscs cs y lkpi lkpilg lgho hoio iojg jgj, j, pg pgrg rg ig ofbc ofbcrpc rpcrgb rgboò oòff y li jl jlsgr sgrrc rcii iicc jl ig igss plrscf plrscfgs gs bcf lf lfacq acqul ul jl of ofbi biuso usoòf òf scb scbog ogi, i, lf gbtovojgjls prcjubtovgs. 2. Ofb Ofbrlk rlklft lftgr gr gb gbbo bocf cfls ls jl dlsto dlstoòf òf jli bcfcb bcfcbok okol olft ftcc qu qull bc bcft ftro rohu huyg ygff g ig of offc fcvg vgbo boòf òf,, bckpltotovojgj, lxblilfbog y jlsgrrciic tlbfciòdobc, qul bcftrohuygf gi pcsobocfgkolftc oftlrfgbocfgi jli RLFG bckc lftojgj jl bigsl kufjogi. :. Acrtgi Acrtgilblr lblr ig gpi gpiobgbo obgboòf òf jl hulfgs pprçbto rçbtobgs bgs gkhol gkholftgil ftgils, s, lf ics prcblscs, prcblscs, slrvobocs slrvobocs y sljls sljls jl ig lftojgj, pgrg ig prctlbboòf jl ics rlburscs fgturgils. Ics rlilvgftls rlilvg ftls gpcrtls g ig prcjubtovo prcjubtovojgj jgj jl igs lkprlsgs, Ig bcftrohuboò bcftrohuboòff g ig lalbtovg lalbtovg dlflrgboòf jl lkpilc y ig suplrgboòf jl ig pchrlzg.   Li gpcrtl jl aulrzg ighcrgi offcvgjcrg g igs lkprlsgs y rldocfls, Ig oftldrgiojgj jl sus ldrlsgj ldr lsgjcs cs y su vcbg vcbgboò boòff jl slrv slrvobo oboc, c, Ig ofb ofbcrpc crpcrgbo rgboòf òf jl igs þitok þitokgs gs tlbfci tlbfcicdë cdëgs gs lf igs lkprlsgss y lf ig acrkgbo lkprlsg acrkgboòf òf prcalsocfgi prcalsocfgi oftldrgi oftldrgi,, Ig bgiojgj y ics lstçfjgrls oftlrfgbocfgi oftlrfgbocfgils ls jl su acrkgboòf prcalsocfgi oftldrgi, Ru lstrlbmg rligboòf bcf li slbtcr ljubgtovc (kljog y supl suplro rocr) cr),, Ig lxbl lxblil ilfb fbog og lf ig dl dlst stoò oòff jl su suss rlbur rlburscs scs (m (muk ukgf gfcs, cs, aë aëso sobc bcs, s, tl tlbf bfci ciòdo òdobc bcs, s, aofgfbolrcs).

LI IGHCXGZCXOC AËROBC W\ËKOBC W\ËKOBC _ KOBXCHOCIÒDOBC JLI RLFG, _ IG PIGFZG JL PXCBLRGKOLFZC JL GIOKLFZCR.

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Li kulstrlc jl gdug ls ufg gbtovo gbtovojgj jgj jorodojg g ig rlbcilb rlbcilbboòf boòf jl ufg plqul÷g pcrboòf pcrboòf jl ïstg, qul rlprlslftl lxgbtgklftl ig bgiojgj jl ig kgsg jl gdug lf li iudgr y lf li kcklftc jl chtlfboòf chtlfb oòf jl ig kulstrg. Ig rlbcilbb rlbcilbboòf oòf jl ig kulstrg rlprlslf rlprlslftgto tgtovg vg bcfstotuyl bcfstotuyl ufc jl ics lilklftcs lilkl ftcs aufjgklft aufjgklftgils gils jl uf prcdrgkg jl bcftrci jl bgiojgj gfgiëtobg gfgiëtobg g aof jl chtlflr chtlflr jgtcs rlgils jl igs bgrgbtlrëstobgs aësobgs, quëkobgs y kobrchociòdobgs jl ics bulrpcs jl gdug. Li  prcblsc jl kulstrlc g aof jl dgrgftozgr ig rlprlslftgtovojgj jl igs kulstrgs jl gdug g slr  rlkotojgs gi ighcrgtcroc pgrg sus rlsplbtovcs gfçiosos. Jobmgs kulstrgs puljlf slr tckgjgs kgfugiklftl c bcf lquopc klbçfobc pgrg slr prcblsgjgs g fovli jl bgkpc, prcbljlr g su lfvëc gi ighcrgtcroc pgrg ig rlgiozgboòf jl ics rlsplbtovcs gfçiosos. Ig vodoigfbog jl ig bgiojgj jli gdug ls aufjgklftgi pgrg rljubor ics rolsdcs jl trgfskosoòf jl lfalrkljgjls g ig pchigboòf pcr su bcfsukc, bckc igs jl topc dgstrcoftlstofgi y igs prcjubojgs  pcr bcftgkofgftls tòxobcs5 lstg vodoigfbog sl lnlrbl g trgvïs jli bukpiokolftc jl ics iëkotls  plrkosohils jl su bgiojgj y bckpilklftgrogklftl, lf lstc li RLFG bukpil ufg ighcr  okpòrtgtl pgrg ig rldoòf Ig ofvgiughil bgpgbotgboòf pcr pgrtl jli Rlrvoboc Fgbocfgi Jl Gprlfjozgnl (RLFG) plrkotl ig  pulstg lf bcfblrfolftl kgrbmg jl lstl kgfugi jl Hçsobc prcbljokolftc pgrg kulstrlc gdugsbcf y igs ig gkpiotuj fcrkgtovg g sgflgkolftc y gdug pctghil, li RLFGjlbulftg pciëtobgs jl bgiojgj lxodlf jl OBCFZLB, FZB, FCXKGR OR ORC C lftrl ct ctrgs rgs qu qull blrto blrtoao aobg bgff ig cptokozgboòf jli slrvoboc qul prlstgf. Ig prlslrvgboòf jl ig kulstrg> li tolkpc qul trgfsburrl jlsjl qul sl tckg ig kulstrg mgstg su iildgjg gi ighcrgtcroc puljl bcfjubor g bgkhocs aësobc quëkobcs, hocquëkobcs y hociòdobcs jlftrc jli lfvgsl, ic qul prcjuborç uf bgkhoc lf ig bgiojgj oftrëfslbg jl ig kulstrg. Lf lstl slftojc li RLFG rlgiozg vgrocs kïtcjcs jl bcfslrvgboòf jl igs kulstrgs bcf joalrlftls lquopcs bcf ics qul bulftg , gidufcs, kïtcjc jl prlslrvgboòf scf> prctlbboòf bcftrg ig ofbojlfbog jl ig iuz scigr, joskofuboòf jl ig tlkplrgturg pgrg rltgrjgr igs rlgbbocfls, bcfdligboòf jl ig kulstrg, ltb.

Bgjg kulstrg ls rldostrgjg lf li acrkgtc y sl bcftofþg bcf prcbljokolftc jl tckg jl kulstrg  pgrg gfçiosos aosobcquëkobc, gfçiosos jl kltgils y gfçiosos hgbtlrociòdobc.

1

 

Aodurg 8. Ighcrgtcroc aësobc quëkobc y kobrchociòdobc, Aulftl> gutcrls

IG DXGFNG QOIIG I\^ Ig drgfng voiig iuz quljg uhobgjg lf Qlrljg Pczc Fldrc, jcfjl sl rlgiozgf rlgiozgf igs prçbtobgs prçbtobgs jl ics lstujogftls jli RLFG sl jovojl lf jcs çrlgs ig pgrtl plbugrog y ig pgrtl gdrëbcig.

Ig pgrtl plbugrog kgflngf dgfgjc jl rgzgs purgs, rlgiozgf ofslkofgboòf grtoaobogi, bcf ufg slrol jl kgflncs kgflncs y prct prctcbci cbcics cs pgrg ig trgfs trgfsalrl alrlfbo fbogg y kln klncrgk crgkolf olftc tc jl igs rgzgs rgzgs jl ig rldoòf, rldoòf, li kgflnc jl bmovcs, plbls bcf li aof jl okpilklftgr gitlrfgtovgs jl klncrgkolftc jl rgzgs y  prcjubboòf jl igs koskgs. Lf ig pgtl gdrëbcig kgflngf buitovcs jl pgstcs, dugyghg, Potgmgyg lftrl ctrcs bcf ig aofgiojgj jl qul ics pgsgftls jli RLFG rlgioblf sus prçbtobgs, tgkhoïf bugftg bcf uf sostlkg jl roldc gutckgtozgjc, ig kgquofgrog jl puftg pgrg rlgiozgr igs joalrlftls ighcrls qul sl rlqulrëgf. Li gpcrtl qul lf kgtlrog jl acrtgilbokolftc tïbfobc y tlbfciòdobc, volfl gjligftgfjc li RLFG lf ics sostlkgs jl prcjubboòf gdrcplbugroc y lf ig acrkgboòf jl rlbursc mukgfc pgrg li slbtcr  gdrcofjustrogi, li bugi sl rlgiozg jlsjl ig lnlbuboòf jl ics joalrlftls prcdrgkgs jl acrkgboòf, bcfsciojgfjc g ig albmg lstl gkholftl jl acrkgboòf bckc uf rlalrlftl fc scic pgrg ig Xldoòf sofc pgrg li pgës. 4

 

Aodurg 2. Ighcrgtcroc aësobc quëkobc y kobrchociòdobc, Aulftl> gutcrls

AGHXOBG JL HCBGJOIICR ’IG QLIL×G JL HCBGJOIICR‛ (RLBZCX ICR D\G_GHCR ‒ QOG HGXHCRG - QLIL^, RGFZGFJLX). R GFZGFJLX).

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Prcblsc prcjubtovc pgrg ig lighcrgboòf jl hcbgjoiic jl dugyghg.

Aodurg :. Lighcrgboòf jl hcbgjoiic, Aulftl> hcbgtliic.bck

7. MORZCXOG> Ig prcvofbog jl Qïilz uhobgjg lf li jlpgrtgklftc jl Rgftgfjlr ls rlbcfcbojg g fovli fgbocfgi l oftlrfgbocfgi oftlrfgbocfgi pcr ig prcjubbo prcjubboòf òf jl hcbgjoiic hcbgjoiic g hgsl jl dugyghg, lf li kufobopo kufobopocc jl Qïilz sl lfbulftrg lfbulft rg uhobg uhobgjg jg ig açhrobg açhrobg jl hcbg hcbgjoii joiicc ’vlil÷g jl hcbgjoiics‛ hcbgjoiics‛ ls ufg lkprlsg agkoiogr agkoiogr qul surdoò g rgëz jl ig drgf prcjubboòf jl dugyghg lf ig rldoòf, Gufqul li hcbgjoiic sl prcjubl lf ctrgs rldocfls ig acrkg pgrtobuigr jl lighcrgboòf y prlslftgboòf jli hcbgjoiic vlil÷c y ig trgjoboòf lf tcrfc g su prcjubboòf, jl blrbg jl 800 g÷cs, plrkotlf bgtgicdgric bckc uf  prcjubtc qul puljl slr blrtoaobgjc bcf b cf jlfckofgboòf jl crodlf. Qlil÷g jl hcbgjoiics ls ufg lkprlsg prcjubtcrg y jostrohuojcrg jl joalrlftls topcs jl hcbgjoiic  hlil÷c5 lstg jostrohuboòf vg jorodojg g bcfsukojcrls jl ig rldoòf, jli jlpgrtgklftc, jli pgës l ofbiusc tolfjlf g lxpcrtgr g joalrlftls pgësls jl Lurcpg y gkïrobg jli fcrtl. Lstg lkprlsg sl bigsoaobg jl joalrlftls acrkgs> sldþf su gbtovojgj lstg lkprlsg sl bigsoaobg bckc ofjustrogi jlhojc g ics ics joalrlft joalrlftls ls prcblscs jl trgfsac trgfsacrkgboò rkgboòff qul tolfl pgrg iigg dugyghg mgstg carlblr carlblr uf  prcjubtc y sldþf lstg koskg bigsoaobgboòf ig pcjlkcs bigsoaobgr bckc bcklrbogils yg qul gi kckl kc klft ftcc jl chtl chtlflr flr uf prc prcju jubt btcc lst lstgg kosk koskgg lkpr lkprls lsgg oftlrvo oftlrvolfl lfl tc tcjg jg ig bgjlfg bgjlfg jl bcklrbogiozgboòf mgstg iilvgric g igs plqul÷gs jostrohuojcrgs5 sldþf su crodlf jl bgpotgi lstg lkprlsg ig pcjlkcs bigsoaobgr bckc lkprlsg provgjg5 sldþf ig kgdfotuj c tgkg÷c tgkg÷c sl bigsoaobg bckc plqul÷g jl gbulrjc gi fþklrc jl lkpilgjcs, ofstgigbocfls y prcjubboòf qul kgflng.

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Lstg lkprlsg su prcblsc jl prcjubboòf ls bcfvlfbocfgi ls jlbor iilvg ics koskc kïtcjcs lf bgjg ufc jl ics prcblscs lf bckpgrgboòf bcf ig prcjubboòf fcrkgi bckc ic scf ig slilbboòf jl kgtlrogi, kgtlr ogi, li jlspuipl jl ig arutg, ig bcbboòf, bcbboòf, li lfarogkolftc lfarogkolftc.. _g lf li prcblsc jl lkpgqul lkpgqul lstg lkprlsg il gpulstg g ig offcvgboòf dlflrgfjc prcjubtcs fulvcs, lkpgquls iigkgtovcs, qul dlflrl uf klncr klrbgjlc y prlalrlfbog jl ics biolftls pgrg jobmc prcjubtc.

Lstg lkprlsg bulftg bcf uf plrscfgi, lstrubturg y klrbgjlc kuy gkpioc pgrg lkprlsgs jl lstl rgfdc, pcsohoiotgfjc qul ig prcjubboòf jogrog suplrl igs

70

 

Jlftrc jli çrlg jl plrscfgi bghl rlsgitgr qul ics lkpilgjcs lrgf slilbbocfgjcs pgrg rlgiozgr  gidufgs tgrlgs kuy sldurgklftl jlplfjolfjc jli lsaulrzc qul jlhëgf rlgiozgr yg qul pcr  lnlkpic lnlkp ic lf li çrlg jl prcjubbo prcjubboòf òf li plrscfgi plrscfgi lf su drgf kgycrëg lrgf mckhrls jlhojc g qul li lsaulrzc aësobc lrg kubmc kgycr5 yg lf li çrlg jl lkpgqul li plrscfgi lrg kçs alklfofc qul kgsbuiofc yg qul lstg tgrlg puls rlquolrl jl kçs pgbolfbog y jl pcbc lsaulrzc. Ics lkpilgjcs jl ig zcfg jl prcjubboòf kgflnghgf uf sgigroc këfokc bcf uf bukpiokolftc jl mcrgrocc ighcrgi kolft mcrgro kolftrgs rgs qul lf li çrlg jl lkpgqul sldþ sldþff ic qul sl pujc ofjgdg ofjgdgrr li sgigroc jlplfjl lf su tctgiojgj jli trghgnc rlgiozgjc ls jlbor sldþf ig bgftojgj jl ufojgjls lkpgbgjgs. Ig modolfl qul sl kgflng lf lstg zcfg ls kuy gitg tgftc pgrg lkpilgjcs bckc pgrg vosotgftls yg qul ig lkprlsg kgflng joalrlftls blrtoaobgjcs qul igs joalrlfbogf jl ctrgs pcr pcsllr hulfgs  prçbtobgs jl kgfuagbturg agbtcr qul il plrkotl prcylbtgr sus prcjubtcs g klrbgjcs jcfjl li tlkg jl bgiojgj l modolfl ls kuy gitc.

Aodurg 1> çrlg jl plrscfgi. Aulftl gutcrls.

Aofgfzgs> Ics joflrcs jl lstg lkprlsg scf jli slbtcr provgjc, ic bugi ofjobg qul ics rlburscs scf kgflngjcs kgfln gjcs kljogftl ufg dlrlfbog qul rofjl bulftgs jorlbtgkl jorlbtgklftl ftl g ics jul÷cs. Lf lstl bgsc li dlrlftl vg jl ig kgfc bcf uf bcighcrgjcr c slbrltgrog(c) y rlgiozgf ig bcftghoiojgj lf dlflrgi mghigfjc tgkhoïf jl bcstcs, ofvlrsocfls, bulftgs pcr bchrgr, pgdc jl okpulstcs y ufg plqul÷g  pigflgboòf aofgfbolrg.

 

Gjkofostrgboòf jl kgtlrogils> 77

 

Ig gjkofostrgboòf jl kgtlrogils kgtlrogils lf ufg lkprlsg ls k kuy uy okpcrtgftl yg qul ig kgycrëg jl llstcs stcs kgtlrogils ls ig kgtlrog prokg ig bugi plrkotorç chtlflr li prcjubtc qul sl carlbl. Lf lstl gsplbtc ls kuy okpcrtgftl lfkgrbgr ic qul scf igs bckprgs jl ics joalrlftls kgtlrogils rlqulrojcs rlqulro jcs pgrg ig prcjubboòf gi odugi qul li bcftrci jl bgiojgj bgiojgj jl ics koskcs yg qul jobmcs agbtcrls ofaiuorçf lf ig prcjubboòf y pcr lfjl lf ig prcjubtovojgj jl ig lkprlsg.

Aodurg 4> çrlg jl Gjkofostrgboòf jl kgtlrogils. Aulftl gutcrls. Prcjubboòf> Lstg ls uf çrlg ofjosplfsghil lf igs lkprlsgs qul carlblf gidþf topc jl prcjubtc. Lf ig lkprlsg vlil÷g jl hcbgjoiics kgflnghgf joalrlftls gsplbtcs qul ils plrkotëg kgftlflr li kgrdlf jl  prcjubboòf, gsplbtcs bckc prcdrgkgboòf jl ig prcjubboòf buyc agbtcr ls okpcrtgftësokc yg qul lstl jlplfjëg jl ig jospcfohoiojgj jl kgtlrogi bcf qul sl bulftl, josl÷c jli prcjubtc li bugi kgrbg ufc jl ics gsplbtcs qul ig lkprlsg jlhl tlflr kuy lf bulftg yg qul plrkotorç dlflrgr ig okgdlf jli prcjubtc arlftl gi bcfsukojcr y jl lstg kgflrg li koskc puljg rlbcfcblric y joalrlfbogric jl ctrcs, bcftrci jl bgiojgj, lftrl ctrcs. Igs profbopgils suh çrlgs jlftrc jli çrlg jl prcjubboòf scf igs soduolftls>

Xlblpboòf jl ig Dugyghg> Gi iildgr ig arutg g ig açhrobg sl ofsplbbocfg y plsg bcf li prcpòsotc jl lstghilblr ics prlbocs, iilvgr li bcftrci jl ig prcjubboòf y prcdrgkgr tcjgs ig ighcrgs pgrg li  prcblsc. Lf igs hcjldgs sl gikgblfgf igs kgtlrogs prokgs lf sotocs iokpocs, slbcs l oiukofgjcs. Gjlkçs, sl slpgrg ig arutg jli gzþbgr y jl ics gjotovcs.

78

 

Aodurg => suh çrlg jl Xlblpboòf jl ig Dugyghg. Aulftl gutcrls. Rlilbboòf y gjlbugboòf>  igs cplrgbocfls jl slilbboòf, igvgjc y gjlbugboòf jl ig arutg sl rlgiozgf gi koskc tolkpc.

Aodurg ?> suh çrlg jl Rlilbboòf y gjlbugboòf. Aulftl gutcrls.

Lsbgijgjc> Ls uf trgtgkolftc tïrkobc jl bcrtg jurgboòf, lkpilgjc gi utoiozgr dugyghg poftcfg c kgjurg. Rorvl pgrg joskofuor ig bgrdg kobrchogfg jl ig arutg y lvotgr kgics sghcrls y cicrls  prcjubojcs pcr rlgbbocfls lfzokçtobgs qul sl jgf lf li arutc, gjlkçs, ghigfjg ics tlnojcs, bcf ic bugi sl bcfsodul kgycr laobolfbog lf li jlspuipgjc. 72

 

Jlspuipgjc jl ig arutg>  Lf lstg ltgpg sl slpgrgf y rltorgf igs slkoiigs jl ig puipg pgrg chtlflr  ufg pgstg gbucsg. Rl rlgio rlgiozg zg bcf jlspuipgjcrgs jlspuipgjcrgs klbçfobgs klbçfobgs jcfjl sl prlsocfg ig arutg bcftrg uf tgkoz c kgiig plracrgjg, lf lstl puftc fcrkgiklftl sl tolfjl g kljor li fþklrc jl drgjcs hrox qul bcftolfl bcftolfl li kgtlro kgtlrogi, gi, rlsgitg rlsgitgfjc fjc qul lftrl kçs drgjcs hrox sl rldostrl sodf sodfoaobg oaobgrg rg klfcs dgstc jl gzþbgr li prcblsc jl bcbofgjc.

Aodurg 70> suh çrlg jl Jlspuipgjc jl ig arutg. Aulftl gutcrls. Acrkuigboòf> Pgrg chtlflr uf prcjubtc bcf igs bgrgbtlrëstobgs jlslgjgs, ls flblsgroc rlgiozgr  ufg gjlbugjg acrkuigboòf pgrg ic bugi sl jlhl rlgiozgr uf hgigfbl jl ics bckpcflftls (puipg, gzþbgr, gjotovcs) y slduor lf acrkg buojgjcsg tcjgs igs cplrgbocfls jli prcblsc.

Aodurg 77> suh çrlg jl Acrkuigboòf. Aulftl gutcrls. Bcfblftrgboòf jl ig puipg> Bcfsostl lf ig lvgpcrgboòf jli gdug prlslftl lf ig puipg jl ig dugyghg, pgrg ic bugi sl utoiozgf kgrkotgs gholrtgs, jl acfjc rljcfjc bcf gdotgboòf klbçfobg, 7:

 

kljogftl uf gdotgjcr topc gfbig plracrgjg. Igs kgrkotgs gholrtgs prcjublf bgicr bcf vgpcr jl gdug pcr kljoc jl ufg bgijlrg, ig bugi bcfvolrtl li gdug jl lstgjc sòiojc sòiojc g vgpcr pgrg kgflngr  tlkplrgturgs gitgs y bcfstgftls jurgftl li tolkpc jl bcbboòf jl ig puipg.

Bcbboòf> Lf lstg ltgpg sl tckg ig puipg jl arutg y sl ofbcrpcrg lf uf rlbopolftl jl giukofoc lsplbogi pgrg lstg gbtovojgj jlfckofgjc kgrkotg, jcfjl lstg puipg vg g slr bcbofgjg g gitgs tlkplrgturgs y prlsocfls qul plrkotorçf chtlflr li prcjubtc bckc tgi. Lf lstg ltgpg ls bigvl yg qul sl ofbcrpcrg li lfjuizgftl bcf uf ??% jl sgbgrcsg ls utoiozgjg bckc ljuibcrgftl, lf lstl bgsc gzþbgr mgstg uf puftc jcfjl sl gibgfbl 4< drgjcs hrox, lstg kljojg ls ofjosplfsghil qul slg lxgbtg yg qul so vgrog ufc c jcs drgjcs okpcsohoiotgrg ig bcftofuojgj jli prcblsc, pgrg lstc ics lxplrtcs jli tlkg tolflf ufg tïbfobg kuy grtlsgfgi lf ig bugi tckgf li hcbgjoiic hcbgjoiic lf li jljc  puidgr l ëfjobl y ics sslpgrgf, lpgrgf, so li hcbgjoiic sl gigrdg lf ufg torg sof rckplrsl rckplrs l ofjobgrg qul q ul lstç iostc.

Aodurg 78> suh çrlg jl Acrkuigboòf. Aulftl gutcrls. Kcijlc> Rl rlgiozg lxtlfjolfjc vgrogs bgpgs jl ig pgstg jl arutg c ngilg tgkhoïf iigkgjg schrl uf kcijl. Ig pgstg bgiolftl sl volrtl jorlbtgklftl jl ig kgrkotg gi kcijl y sl giosg rçpojgklftl ig suplraobol jli prcjubtc, bcf uf okpilklftc iokpoc y jlsofalbtgjc. Ics kcijls iilfcs sl rltorgf jl ig zcfg jl bcbboòf y sl iilvgf gi çrlg jl lfarogkolftc. Lfarogkolftc>  Jlspuïs jl ig bcbbo bcbboòf òf ufg vlz gibgfzg gibgfzgjc jc ics drgjcs hrox flbl flblsgrocs sgrocs (4 suh çrlg jl Lfarogkolftc y Kcijlc. Aulftl gutcrls. Bcrtl> \fg vlz aroc li hcbgjoiic sl jlhl bcrtgr y lkpgbgr, li bcrtl sl rlgiozg bcf bcrtgjcrgs lsplbogiklftl josl÷gjgs, jl gbulrjc gi ttgkg÷c gkg÷c jl bgjg prlslftgboòf. lstg ltgpg bckolfzg bcf ig sgbgjg jl ig pgstg jli kcijl kcijl pgsc qul ls pcsohil pcrqul jobmc jobmc kcijl pcsll uf piçstobc piçstobc qul gësig li kci kcijl jl jl ig pgstg jl hcbg hcbgjoii joiic, c, pcstlrocr pcstlrocr g lstc sl sl iilvg iilvg g ig ig bcrtgjcrg bcrtgjcrg jcfjl jcfjl sl iill gjobocfgrg gzþbgr pcr sus jcs suplraobols ic bugi plrkotorç su klncr kgflnc l okpljorç qul lstl sl pldul g ics lkpgquls,

Aodurg 7:> suh çrlg jl Bcrtl. Aulftl gutcrls. Lkpgqul>  Ig profbopgi aufboòf jli lkpgqul ls prlslrvgr igs bgrgbtlrëstobgs jli prcjubtc jurgftl jurg ftl llii kgy kgycr cr to tolkp lkpcc pcso pcsohil hil.. Li bug bugii pul puljl jl slr jl jcs topc topcss kgfugi kgfugi y klbçfo klbçfobc. bc. Li kgfugi sl mgbl lf mcngs yg prl bcrtgjgs jl hongc, igs bugils sl jospcflf schrl ig suplraobol jli 71

 

 hcbgjoiic, rljcfjlçfjcic bckpiltgklftl. _ li klbçfobc sokpilklftl ls uhobgr ics trczcs jl  hcbgjoiics schrl ig kçquofg y prcdrgkgrig gi rotkc jl trghgnc qul sl flblsotl.

Aodurg 7 suh çrlg jl Lkpgqul. Aulftl gutcrls. Gikgblfgkolftc> lstg ig ltgpg jl gikgblfgkolftc li bugi uf iudgr slbc y bcf pcbg iuz pgrg jl lstg lvotgr ig alrklftgboòf jli koskc. Lf kubmgs lkprlsgs jospcflf jl hcjldgs jl drgf lfvlrdgjurg bcf tcjgs igs kljojgs flblsgrogs bckc ic scf vlftoigboòf, kgflnc jl ig iuz, kgflnc jl ics cicrls. Ltb.

74

 

Aodurg 71> suh çrlg jl Gikgblfgkolftc. Aulftl gutcrls.

 

Klrbgjctlbfog>

Lstg çrlg aufbocfgi lf lstg lkprlsg ls kuy okpcrtgftl jl gbulrjc bcf ic ic qul sl pujc chslrvgr  lstg lkprlsg il gpulstg hgstgftl g lstg çrlg y bcf nustg rgzòf yg qul il plrkotorç iilvgr li  prcjubtc gi bcfsukojcr, jostrohuojcr lftrl ctrcs bcf li aof jl chtlflr li hlflaoboc lbcfòkobc. Plrc lxpcrt lxpcrtgf gf sus prcj prcjubt ubtcs cs g joalr joalrlft lftls ls iud iudgrl grlss bckc bmoil, bmoil, y joalrlft joalrlftls ls boujgjl boujgjlss jl Bcickhog bckc Hcdctç, Hubgrgkgfdg, ig bcstg lftrl ctrgs.

Aodurg 74> icdc jl ig lkprlsg. Aulftl gutcrls.

2. KG KGZX ZXO^ O^ ACJG ACJG PGXG PGXG IG LKPX LKPXLR LRG G QLIL×G JL HCBGJOIICR Acrtgilzgs (A)

 

Zolflf ig kgquofgrog gjlbugjg pgrg li kgflnc y prcjubboòf jl  hcbgjoiic. - Kgquofgrog gslquohil lf li klrbgjc fc tgf bcstcsg. - Li plrscfgi kçs bgpgbotgjc pgrg ig lighcrgboòf jli prcjubtc. -

7=

 

- Zolkpc lf li klrbgjc (lxplrolfbog) - Ig vlftg jl su prcjubtc lf li klrbgjc jl pgësls lxtrgfnlrcs. Cpcrtufojgjls (C)   - Gkpiogboòf jli klrbgjc jl lstcs prcjubtcs g fovli fgbocfgi. -  Fulvcs pgësls jl jlstofc lf lxpcrtgboòf jl lstl prcjubtc. - Zrghgngr bcf ufg pgrtl jli prcjubtc crdçfobc jçfjcil kgycr 

Jlhoiojgjls (J)  

-

Gklfgzgs (G)

 

-

vgicr gdrldgjc. Ig bgpgbojgj jl vlftg lf joalrlftls rldocfls. Qlftg jl prcjubtcs lbciòdobcs. gkpiogboòf jl su klrbgjc g fovli fgbocfgi. Ig fc scstlfohoiojgj jl ig calrtg jl kgtlrog prokg jurgftl tcjc li g÷c. lighcrgboòf jl scic hcbgjoiic y fc offcvgr bcf fulvcs prcjubtcs. Ig hgng calrtg jl kgtlrog prokg pgrg ig lighcrgboòf jli prcjubtc lf ics pobcs jl jlkgfjg, Li gitc prlboc lf ig lighcrgboòf jl su  pgflig lf hicqul lf bckpgrgboòf bcf igs jlkçs lkprlsgs. Ics prchilkgs jl ig dugyghg lf bulstocfls aotcsgfotgrogs bgkhoc jl ics buitovcs jl dugyghg guklftc jli prlboc jli gzþbgr. Agitg jl prctlbboòf pcr pgrtl jli dcholrfc arlftl g klrbgjcs lxtlrfcs.

:. LR LRZX ZXGZ GZLD LDOGR OGR PGXG IG LKPX LKPXLR LRG G QLIL×G JL HCBGJOIICR Lstr Lstrgt gtld ldog ogss AC

Lstr Lstrgt gtld ldog ogss AG

Lstrgtldogs JG

Lstr Lstrgt gtld ldog og JC

Xl Xlgi gioz ozgr gr k kçs çs ofv ofvls lsto todg dgbo boòf òf llfb fbgk gkof ofgj gjgg g ig prc prcju jubb bboò oòf, f, ssgf gfoj ojgj gj y aç açbo boii kgfl kgflnc nc jl ic icss jlsl jlslbm bmcs cs jl ig pr prcj cjub ubbo boòf òf pc pcrr kljo kljocc jl bc bcfvl fvlfo focs cs pg pgrg rg gj gjcpt cptgr gr tl tlbf bfci cicdë cdëgs gs jl ct ctrcs rcs iu iudgr dgrls ls l of ofbi biuo uor  r  tctgiklftl g igs ufojgjls jl prcjubbocfls rlstgftls c gnlfgs g ig crdgfozgboòf. Gj Gjcp cptg tgrr cr crdg dgfo fosk skcs cs jjll bc bcft ftrc rcii lxtl lxtlrf rfcs cs g ig ig crdg crdgfo fozg zgbo boòf òf pgr pgrgg qul qul sl mgdgf gbbocfls trgfspgrlftls fc scic pgrg li hlflaoboc jl ufc sofc jl tcjcs ics qul bckpcflf ig crdgfozgboòf y husbgfjc gsë qul sl  prctlng gi plqul÷c lkprlsgroc Lfvogr ofacrkls schrl ics gvgfbls jl ig crdgfozgboòf g ics rlprlslftgftls ildgils jl igs ofstotubocfls pgrtobopgftls pgrg qul Xlbcfczbgf y gpcylf igs ofobogtovgs qul sl prlslftlf. Lighcrgr uf  pcrtgacioc jl prcylbtcs pgrg qul sl prlslftlf pr lslftlf g crdgfoskcs l ofstotubocfls qul puljgf aofgfbogr c bcaofgfbogr igs Ofobogtovgs. Bg Bgpg pgbo botg tgrr g tgft tgftcc g igs igs plr plrsc scfg fgss qul qul ttrg rgfs fsao aolr lrlf lf ig ig tlbf tlbfci cicd cdëg ëg bck bckcc g ics qul ig rlbohlf (prcjubtcrls) pgrg suplrgr jlhoiojgjls lf gjcpboòf y trgfsalrlfbog jl jobmgs tlbfcicdëgs. Oftldrgr g vgrocs slbtcrls jl ig scboljgj, bckc scf kgycr fþklrc jl ufovlrsojgjls l ofstotutcs jl ofvlstodgboòf qul gsldurlf kçs prcblscs lfbgkofgjcs g ig klncrg jli kgflnc jl rlsojucs 7?

 

AGHXOBG JL HCBGJOIICR ’AX\ZO AXLRBG‛ (QLIL^, RGFZGFJLX).

7. MORZCXOG>

Ig prcvofbog jl uhobgjg lfjl li jlpgrtgklftc jl Rgftgfjlr ls rlbcfcbojg g fovlijlfgbocfgi l oftlrfgbocfgi pcrQïilz ig prcjubboòf hcbgjoiic g hgsl jl dugyghg, lf li kufobopoc Qïilz sl lfbulftrg lfbulft rg uhob uhobgjg gjg ig açhrobg açhrobg jl hcbgjo hcbgjoiic iic ’aruto arlsbg‛ ls ufg lkprlsg agkoiogr qul surdoò g rgëz jl ig drgf prcjubboòf prcjubboòf jl dugyghg lf ig rldoò rldoòf, f, Gufqul li hcbgj hcbgjoiic oiic sl prcjub prcjubll lf ctrgs rldocfls ig acrkg pgrtobuigr jl lighcrgboòf y prlslftgboòf jli hcbgjoiic vlil÷c y ig trgjoboòf lf tcrfc g su prcjubboòf, jl blrbg jl 800 g÷cs, plrkotlf bgtgicdgric bckc uf prcjubtc qul puljl slr slr bl blrt rtoa oaob obgj gjcc bc bcff jl jlfck fckof ofgb gboò oòff jl cro crodlf dlf.. Ig lk lkpr prlsg lsg jl hc hcbg bgjo joii iics cs aru aruto to arlsb arlsbgg ls lstç tç icbgiozgjg lf uf sotoc lstrgtïdobc jlftrc jli bgsbc urhgfc y lf ufg rldoòf jcfjl sl buitovg ig dugyghg kgftlfolfjc bcfstgftl ig kgtlrog prokg lf ig kgycr pgrtl jli g÷c pgrg ig lighcrgboòf jl hcbgjoiic, kgftlfolfjc uf crjlf lf ig prcjubboòf qul sl vl kgsbgjg pcr pobcs gitcs lf igs bcslbmgs.

gu tcrls. Aodurg 7=> puftc jl vlftg jl aruto arlsbg. Aulftl gutcrls.

8. JLR JLRBXO BXOPBOÒ PBOÒF F JL ÇXL ÇXLGR GR A\ A\FBO FBOCFG CFGILR ILR JL JL IG LKP LKPXLRG XLRG  

Plrscfgi>

Li çrlg jl plrscfgi lstghg bcfacrkgjg pcr lkpilgjcs bgpgbotgjcs y bcf mghoiojgjls lf li  prcblsc jl ig agh aghrobgboòf robgboòf jl hcbgjoiic sl chslrvò qul mgy kunlrls y mckhrls mckhr ls lf igs joalrlftls çrlgs jl prcjubboòf. Gidufcs jl liics lrgf lkpilgjcs jl ig pigftg y ctrcs cbgsocfgils. Li rlbiutgkolft rlbiut gkolftc> c> dlftl jl ig rldoòf bgpgbotgjg bgpgbotgjg bcfstgftlk bcfstgftlklftl lftl lf kgfopuigboò kgfopuigboòff jl gioklftcs, gioklftcs, sl tolfl lf bulftg ig trgjoboòf li sghlrmgblr y li bcfcbokolftc Ig Bgpgbotgboòf> sl bgpgbotg gi plrscfgi lf bugftc g klncrgkolftc jli prcjubtc, lkpërobc. prlslftgboòf y igs joalrlftls 80

 

acrkgs bckc sl puljl bckhofgr li hcbgjoiic bcf ctrgs arutgs, gslscrgjc gslscrgjcss bcftofugklftl bcftofugklftl pcr li Rlrvoboc Fgbocfgi jl Gprlfjozgnl RLFG. Ig modolfl y sldurojgj> ig modolfl lf ig lkprlsg sl lfbulftrg lf hulfgs bcfjobocfls bukpiolfjc bcf igs HPK (hulfgs prçbtobgs kgfuagbturlrgs) y sus lkpilgjcs bukpilf bcf ig jctgboòf këfokg pgrg bukpior sus ighcrls.

Aodurg 7?> çrlg jl plrscfgi. Aulftl gutcrls.  

Aofgfzgs>

Ics joflrcs jl lstg lkprlsg scf jli slbtcr provgjc, ic bugi ofjobg qul ics rlburscs scf kgflngjcs kgfln gjcs kljogftl ufg dlrlfbog qul rofjl bulftgs jorlbtgkl jorlbtgklftl ftl g ics jul÷cs. Lf lstl bgsc li dlrlftl vg jl ig kgfc bcf uf bcighcrgjcr c slbrltgrog(c) y rlgiozgf ig bcftghoiojgj lf dlflrgi mghigfjc tgkhoïf jl bcstcs, ofvlrsocfls, bulftgs pcr bchrgr, pgdc jl okpulstcs y ufg plqul÷g  pigflgboòf aofgfbolrg.

 

Gjkofostrgboòf jl kgtlrogils> 87

 

Ig gjkofostrgboòf jl kgtlrogils kgtlrogils lf ufg lkprlsg ls k kuy uy okpcrtgftl yg qul ig kgycrëg jl llstcs stcs kgtlrogils ls ig kgtlrog prokg ig bugi plrkotorç chtlflr li prcjubtc qul sl carlbl. Lf lstl gsplbtc ls kuy okpcrtgftl lfkgrbgr ic qul scf igs bckprgs jl ics joalrlftls kgtlrogils rlqulrojcs rlqulro jcs pgrg ig prcjubboòf gi odugi qul li bcftrci jl bgiojgj bgiojgj jl ics koskcs yg qul jobmcs agbtcrls ofaiuorçf lf ig prcjubboòf y pcr lfjl lf ig prcjubtovojgj jl ig lkprlsg.

Aodurg 80> çrlg jl  Gjkofostrgboòf jl kgtlrogils. Aulftl gutcrls.

 

Prcjubboòf>

Lstg ls uf çrlg ofjosplfsghil lf igs lkprlsgs qul carlblf gidþf topc jl prcjubtc. Lf ig lkprlsg vlil÷g jl hcbgjoiics joalrlftlsjl gsplbtcs qul ils buyc plrkotëg kgftlflr li kgrdlf jl  prcjubboòf, gsplbtcs kgflnghgf bckc prcdrgkgboòf ig prcjubboòf agbtcr ls okpcrtgftësokc yg qul lstl jlplfjëg jl ig jospcfohoiojgj jl kgtlrogi bcf qul sl bulftl, josl÷c jli prcjubtc li bugi kgrbg ufc jl ics gsplbtcs qul ig lkprlsg jlhl tlflr kuy lf bulftg yg qul plrkotorç dlflrgr ig okgdlf jli prcjubtc arlftl gi bcfsukojcr y jl lstg kgflrg li koskc puljg rlbcfcblric y joalrlfbogric jl ctrcs, bcftrci jl bgiojgj, lftrl ctrcs. Igs profbopgils çrlgs jlftrc jli çrlg jl prcjubboòf scf igs soduolftls>

Xlblpboòf jl ig Dugyghg> Gi iildgr ig arutg g ig açhrobg sl ofsplbbocfg y plsg bcf li prcpòsotc jl lstghilblr ics prlbocs, iilvgr li bcftrci jl ig prcjubboòf y prcdrgkgr tcjgs ig ighcrgs pgrg li  prcblsc. Lf igs hcjldgs sl gikgblfgf igs kgtlrogs prokgs lf sotocs s otocs iokpocs, slbcs l oiukofgjcs. Gjlkçs, sl slpgrg ig arutg jli gzþbgr y jl ics gjotovcs. 88

 

Rlilbboòf Rlilbb oòf y gjl gjlbugb bugboòf oòf>> igs cplrgbocfls jl slilbboòf, igvgjc y gjlbugboòf jl ig arutg sl rlgiozgf gi koskc tolkpc.

Aodurg 87> çrlg jl  Rlilbboòf y gjlbugboòf. Aulftl gutcrls.   Ls guf prcblsc. Rorvl jcfjlpgrg jlngf gikgblfgjg jl kobrchogfg bcrtg jurgboòf, gi rutoiozgr  Lsbgijgjc> dugyghg poftcfg poftcf c kgjurg kgjurg. joskofuor joskofu or ig bgrdg kobrcho gfg jl iglkpilgjc arutg y lvotgr lvotg kgics sghcrls y cicrls prcjubojcs pcr rlgbbocfls lfzokçtobgs qul sl jgf lf li arutc, gjlkçs, ghigfjg ics tlnojcs, bcf ic bugi sl bcfsodul kgycr laobolfbog lf li jlspuipgjc.

Jlspuipgjc jl ig arutg>   Lf lstg ltgpg sl slpgrgf y rltorgf igs slkoiigs jl ig puipg pgrg chtlflr ufg pgstg gbucsg. Rl rlgiozg bcf jlspuipgjcrgs klbçfobgs jcfjl sl prlsocfg ig arutg bcftrg uf tgkoz c kgiig plracrgjg, lf lstl puftc fcrkgiklftl sl tolfjl g kljor li fþklrc jl drgjc drg jcss hro hroxx qul qul bc bcft ftol olfl fl li kgtl kgtlro rogi gi,, rl rlsgi sgitg tgfj fjcc qu qull lftrl lftrl kçs kçs drgjcs drgjcs hrox sl rldos rldostr trll sodfoaobgrg klfcs dgstc jl gzþbgr li prcblsc jl bcbofgjc.

Aodurg 88> çrlg jl  Jlspuipgjc jl ig arutg. Aulftl gutcrls. 82

 

Bcfblftrgboòf jl ig puipg> Bcfsostl lf ig lvgpcrgboòf jli gdug prlslftl lf ig puipg jl ig dugyghg,, pgrg ic bugi sl utoiozgf dugyghg utoiozgf kgrkotgs gholrtgs, gholrtgs, jl acfjc rljcfjc bcf gdotgboòf klbçfobg, klbçfobg, kljogftl uf gdotgjcr topc gfbig plracrgjg. Igs kgrkotgs gholrtgs prcjublf bgicr bcf vgpcr jl gdug pcr kljoc jl ufg bgijlrg, ig bugi bcfvolrtl li gdug jl lstgjc sòiojc g vgpcr pgrg kgflngr  tlkplrgturgs gitgs y bcfstgftls jurgftl li tolkpc jl bcbboòf jl ig puipg. Bcbboòf> Lf lstg ltgpg sl tckg ig puipg jl arutg y sl ofbcrpcrg lf uf rlbopolftl jl giukofoc lsplbogi pgrg lstg gbtovojgj jlfckofgjc kgrkotg, jcfjl lstg puipg vg g slr bcbofgjg g gitgs tlkplrgturgs y prlsocfls qul plrkotorçf chtlflr li prcjubtc bckc tgi. Lf lstg ltgpg ls bigvl yg qul sl ofbcrpcrg li lfjuizgftl bcf uf ??% jl sgbgrcsg ls utoiozgjg bckc ljuibcrgftl, lf lstl bgsc gzþbgr mgstg uf puftc jcfjl sl gibgfbl 4< drgjcs hrox, lstg kljojg ls ofjosplfsghil qul slg lxgbtg yg qul so vgrog ufc c jcs drgjcs okpcsohoiotgrg ig bcftofuojgj jli prcblsc, pgrg lstc ics lxplrtcs jli tlkg tolflf ufg tïbfobg kuy grtlsgfgi lf ig bugi tckgf li hcbgjoiic lf li jljc puidgr l ëfjobl y ics slpgrgf, so li hcbgjoiic sl gigrdg lf ufg torg sof rckplrsl ofjobgrg qul lstç iostc.

Aodurg 82> çrlg jl  Bcbboòf. Aulftl gutcrls. Kcijlc> Rl rlgiozg lxtlfjolfjc vgrogs bgpgs jl ig pgstg jl arutg c ngilg tgkhoïf iigkgjg schrl uf kc kcij ijl. l. Ig pg pgst stgg bg bgio iolf lftl tl sl vo volr lrtl tl jo jorl rlbt btgk gklf lftl tl jl ig kgrk kgrkot otgg gi kcij kcijll y sl gi gios osgg rçpojgklftl ig suplraobol jli prcjubtc, bcf uf okpilklftc iokpoc y jlsofalbtgjc. Ics kcijls iilfcs sl rltorgf jl ig zcfg jl bcbboòf y sl iilvgf gi çrlg jl lfarogkolftc.

8:

 

Lfarogkolftc> Jlspuïs jl ig bcbboòf ufg vlz gibgfzgjc ics drgjcs hrox flblsgrocs (4 suh çrlg jl  Lfarogkolftc. Aulftl gutcrls. Bcrtl> \fg vlz aroc li hcbgjoiic sl jlhl bcrtgr y lkpgbgr, li bcrtl sl rlgiozg bcf bcrtgjcrgs lsplbogiklftl josl÷gjgs, jl gbulrjc gi tgkg÷c jl bgjg prlslftgboòf. lstg ltgpg bckolfzg bcf ig sgbgjg jl ig pgstg jli kcijl pgsc qul ls pcsohil pcrqul jobmc kcijl pcsll uf piçstobc piçstobc qul gësig li kci kcijl jl jl ig pg pgstg stg jl hhcbgjoi cbgjoiic, ic, pcst pcstlrocr lrocr g llstc stc sl iilvg iilvg g ig bcrtgjcrg bcrtgjcrg jcfjl jcfjl sl il gjobocfgrg gzþbgr pcr sus jcs suplraobols ic bugi plrkotorç su klncr kgflnc l okpljorç qul lstl sl pldul g ics lkpgquls.

Aodurg 8 suh çrlg jl  Bcrtl. Aulftl gutcrls.

8<

 

Lkpgqul> Ig profbopgi aufboòf jli lkpgqul ls prlslrvgr igs bgrgbtlrëstobgs jli prcjubtc jurgftl jurg ftl llii kgy kgycr cr to tolkp lkpcc pcso pcsohil hil.. Li bug bugii pulj puljll slr jl jjcs cs topcs topcs kgfugi kgfugi y klbçfo klbçfobc. bc. Li kgfugi sl mgbl lf mcngs yg prl bcrtgjgs jl hongc, igs bugils sl jospcflf schrl ig suplraobol jli  hcbgjoiic, rljcfjlçfjcic bckpiltgklftl. _ li klbçfobc sokpilklftl ls uhobgr ics trczcs jl  hcbgjoiics schrl ig kçquofg y prcdrgkgrig gi rotkc jl trghgnc qul q ul sl flblsotl.  

Klrbgjctlbfog>

Lstg çrlg aufbocfgi lf lstg lkprlsg ls kuy okpcrtgftl jl gbulrjc bcf ic ic qul sl pujc chslrvgr  lstg lkprlsg il gpulstg hgstgftl g lstg çrlg y bcf nustg rgzòf yg qul il plrkotorç iilvgr li  prcjubtc gi bcfsukojcr, jostrohuojcr lftrl ctrcs bcf li aof jl chtlflr li hlflaoboc lbcfòkobc. Plrc lxpcrt lxpcrtgf gf sus prcj prcjubt ubtcs cs g joalr joalrlft lftls ls iud iudgrl grlss bckc bmoil, bmoil, y joalrlft joalrlftls ls boujgjl boujgjlss jl Bcickhog bckc Hcdctç, Hubgrgkgfdg, ig bcstg lftrl ctrgs. Prcjubtcs5 Hcbgjoiics trgjobocfgils lf joalrlftls prlslftgbocfls, prlboc> Ics prlbocs vgrëgf jlplfjolfjc jli tgkg÷c jl lstcs y su  prlslftgboòf, pigzg> Li hcbgjoiic ls bcklrbogiozgjc g fovli fgbocfgi jlsjl drgfjls suplrklrbgjcs g plqul÷gs tolfjgs, puhiobojgj> Icdctopcs, oftlrflt, lkpgqul jl sus prcjubtcs.

Aodurg 81> çrlg jl  Klrbgjctlbfog. Aulftl gutcrls. 81

 



Rostlkgs> liics bulftgf bcf ufg kgrbg rldostrgjg y bukpil bcf ics ioflgkolftcs ioflgkolftcs jl sgfojgj qul lxodlf, liics fc tolflf ufg pçdofg wlh.

2. KG KGZX ZXO^ O^ ACJG ACJG PGXG PGXG IG LKPX LKPXLR LRG G AX\ZO AXLRBG Jlhoiojgjls (J)   -

Ig crdgfozgboòf fc mg ghgrbgjc li tctgi jl açhrobgs prcjubtcrgs brlgfjc uf biokg jl jlsodugijgj.

-  Fc sl lnlrblf lstrgtldogs jl buojgjc mgbog li kljoc gkholftl. - Agitg jl uf çrlg gjlbugjg qul lstl g ig vgfdugrjog y cptokoblf

Cpcrtufojgjls (C)   -

-

Acrtgilzgs (A)

 

-

-

Gklfgzgs (G)

 

-

kçs li prcblsc. drgf fþklrc jl bcfvlfocs oftlrofstotubocfgils pcr rlgiozgr. fulvg ful vgss tl tlbfc bfcic icdë dëgs gs gb gbbl blso sohi hils ls pgr pgrgg kubmc kubmcss slbtc slbtcrls rls jl ig scboljgj jlhojc g su hgnc bcstc, bckc scf li kgflnc jl gdugs y jlslbmcs. Hulf rlbursc mukgfc lf ig rldoòf. buhrokolftc tctgi jl tcjgs igs ufojgjls prcjubtcrgs jl ig rldoòf Jlsgr Jl sgrrci rciig ig pr prcdr cdrgk gkgs gs jl of ofvls vlsto todg dgbo boòf òf lf prc prcbls blsgk gkol olft ftc, c, lkpgqul, bcklrbogiozgboòf Prcblscs jl Açhrobg. Bulf Bu lftg tg bc bcff slrv slrvob oboc ocss jl gp gpcy cycc lf Gfçi Gfçios osos os Lb Lbcf cfòk òkob obcc y Lstg Lstgjë jëst stob obc, c, Of Ofac acrk rkgb gboò oòff y Jcbu Jcbukl klft ftgb gboò oòf, f, Zl Zlbf bfci cicd cdëg ëg Ofacrkçtobg, Bccplrgboòf Zïbfobg y Zrgfsalrlfbog jl Zlbfcicdëg. Bulftg bcf uf pigf lstrgtïdobc qul jlaofl mcrozcftls g slduor lf ig bgjlfg prcjubtovg. Husbg bcftrohuor gi klncrgkolftc jl ig bgiojgj jl vojg jl ics scbocs. Bcrrupboòf  pcbcs suhsojocs g ig prcjubboòf, ofjustrog y bcklrbogiozgboòf jl lstcs prcjubtcs. fc mgy kubmc gpcyc g lstl topc jl lkprlsgrocs.

84

 

LKPXLRG BGAÏ IG ZCXXL (B\XOZO, RGFZGFJLX)

Bgaï jl ig Zcrrl G\R ls ufg plqul÷g lkprlsg gdrcofjustrogi uhobgjg g pcbcs eoiòkltrcs jl Rgf Doi, Jlpgrtgklftc jl Rgftgfjlr, kçs lxgbtgklftl lf ics girljljcrls jli kufobopoc jl Burotë Bur otë,, jcf jcfjl jl sl lfb lfbulft ulftrgf rgf sus aof aofbgs bgs jl prcj prcjubb ubboòf oòf.. lsplbog lsplbogioz iozgjg gjg lf ig prcjubb prcjubboòf oòf y bcklrb bck lrbogi ogiozg ozgboò boòff jl bga bgaï, ï, sl lfb lfbulft ulftrg rg lstghi lstghilbo lbojg jg jlsjl jlsjl li g÷c 807:, 807:, ufg ofo ofobog bogtov tovgg jl lkprlfjokolftc bcf li aofqul jlvolflf gyujgrbcf g klncrgr lflbcfòkobgs li pgfcrgkgy jli slbtcr bgaltlrc jl ig rldoòf y g fovli fgbocfgi gidufgsagbtcrls agilfbogs scbogils. Bgaï ig tcrrl sl brlg lf li g÷c 807: bcf li prcpòsotc jl dlflrgr lkprlsg y slr ofjlplfjolftl pcr  li Ncvlf Aliox Gihlrtc Zcrrls, bcf ig ojlg jl brlgr okpgbtc scbogi y profbopgiklftl carlblr uf  prcjubtc jl bgiojgj solfjc voghil bcf li kljoc gkholftl. Lf jcfjl ufg jl igs prcpulstgs jl lstg lkprlsg ls bckprgrils li bgaï g ics gdrobuitcrls jl ig zcfg g uf kuy hulf prlboc, tlfolfjc uf okpgbtc scbogi kuy okpcrtgftl lf lstl kufobopoc jl Rgftgfjlr, tlfolfjc plfsgjc lxpgfjor su klrbgjc y gso koskc li hlflaoboc gi bgaobuitcr. Alio Alioxx Gi Gihl hlrt rtcc bul bulft ftgg qu qull gi pr prcju cjubt btcc mg mgyy qu qull jg jgri rill vgi vgicr cr gdrld gdrldgjc gjc pg pgrg rg cht chtlf lflr lr kl klnc ncr  r  rlftghoiojgj y gsë koskc rlbcfcbokolftc lf li klrbgjc oftlrfgbocfgi, pcr lstc y pcr li buojgjc fgturgii gi kljoc gkholf fgturg gkholftl tl lstg lkprlsg jlslg rlgiozgr prcylbtcs lf hlflaoboc g tcjc li sostlkg sostlkg gkholftgi qul puljgf ghgrbgr. Li bòkc klrbgjc liodoò lxpcrtgr su kgtlrog prokg yg qul sldþf li y kubmcs bgaobuitcrls li klrbgjc fgbocfgi bckpotl bcf prlboc y fc bcf bgiojgj yg qul ics bcickhogfcs sckcs kuy  hulfcs prcjubtcrls jl bgaï y kuy kgics bcfsukojcrls, kcstrçfjcfcs bckc tcjc li bgaï jl kgig bgiojgj ls li utoiozgjc lf fulstrgs bgsgs.

8=

 

8. JLRBXOPBOÒF JL ÇXLGR A\FBOCFGILR JL IG LKPXLRG 

Plrscfgi>

Ig lkprlsg pcsll uf dlrlftl qul lf lstl bgsc ls li brlgjcr, lxplrtc lf aofgfzgs, ghcdgjc, gjkofostrgjcr jl lkprlsgs y ics lfbgrdgjcs jl rlbcdlr ics arutcs jli bgaï scf plrscfgs icbgils c acrçf acrçflg lgss lf gi gidu dufg fgss cb cbgso gsocfl cflss bc bcff uf ufgg dr drgf gf lx lxpl plro rolf lfbog bog lf lstg lstg gb gbto tovo vojgj jgj,, jcfjl jcfjl li bcfcbokolftc gblrbg jl ig rlbcilbboòf aul lkpërobc, li trgtc bcf ics vlbofcs sl bcftrgtgf  plrscfgs cbgsocfgils pgrg ig rlbcilbboòf r lbcilbboòf jorlbtg.



Aofgfzgs>

Lstl topc jl buito buitovc vc su ofvlrs ofvlrsoòf oòf ls uf tolkpc bcfsojlrghil, bcfsojlrghil, jurgftl lsl tolkpc tolkpc ics bcstcs scf gsukojcs pcr li prcjubtcr y sl flblsotgf aulftls gitlrfgtovgs pgrg kgftlflrsl, ics dgstcs  profbopgiklftl scf lf ofarglstrubturg ofar glstrubturg pgrg li prcblsgkolftc jli dr drgfc gfc jl bgaï, ics dgstcs lf ics ofsukcs pgrg igs pigftgs, mgstg qul lstl lkpolzg su prcjubboòf gi g÷c y ig rlbuplrgboòf jl ig ofvlrsoòf ofvlrso òf ls mgstg ics jcs g÷cs, jcfjl ics rolsdcs puljlf slr prchilk prchilkgs gs aotcsgfotgrocs aotcsgfotgrocs y jg÷lf bcfsojlrghilklftl Drgf pgrtl jllvgiþgf sus ofdrlscs kcfltgrocs mgf sojc uf kljogftl ig  hþsquljg jl acfjcslijlprcjubtc. lkprlfjljcrls jcfjl li prcylbtc y jorlbbocfgf kcftc jl joflrc pgrg li jlsgrrciic jl tgi prcylbtc. (Acfjc lkprlfjlr, Hgvgrog, Rlfg). 

Gjkofostrgboòf jl kgtlrogils>

Ig bckprg jl ics alrtoiozgftls y ics ofsukcs scf rlgiozgjcs lf ics klrbgjcs icbgils y sl gikgblfgf lf ig koskg aofbg lf iudgrls lsplbogils pgrg su utoiozgboòf lf li kcklftc flblsgroc, fc sl rlgiozg gikgblfgkolftc jl bgaï sof jlsblrlzgr pulstc qul lstl sl alrklftg y polrjl bgiojgj, pcr tgftc, ls uf prcblsc bcftofuc mgstg iildgr gi gikgblfgkolftc yg jli bgaï slbc jcfjl lstl dugrjg lf iudgrls iudgrls slbcs mgstg slr iilvgjcs iilvgjcs gi klrbgjc jcfjl li prcblsc jl bgiojgj bgiojgj vg lf bgjg ufg jl igs ltgpgs jlsjl ig rlbcilbboòf, jlsblrlzgjc, alrklftgboòf, slbgjc y su vlftg.  

Prcjubboòf>

Ig rlbcilbboòf jl bgaï sl prcdrgkg pgrg igs jcs bcslbmgs qul sl rlgiozgf gi g÷c ufg drgfjl bcf jurgboòf gprcxokgjg jl jcs klsls y ig ctrg jl trgvolsg girljljcr jl uf kls, jcfjl sl giostgf li  plrscfgi pgrg ig bcslbmg y li pcstlrocr trgtgkolftc jli bgaï lf bgjg pgsc jl ig rlbcilbboòf sl chslrvg qul ics chrlrcs fc iilvlf prcjub prcjubtcs tcs vlrjls fo jg÷gjcs, sofc ics kgjurcs kgjurcs þfobgklftl þfobgklftl  pgrg chtlflr ig klncr bgiojgj.

8?

 

 

Klrbgjctlbfog>

Li prcjubtc ls fltgklftl jl lxpcrtgboòf sof tlflr klrbgjcs icbgils y su prcjubtc ls vlfjojc lf drgfc iostc pgrg su bcfsukc c lf vlrjl. QLFZG> ig vlftg jli bgaï ls rlgiozgjg pcr li koskc prcjubtcr lf ruljgs jl fldcbocs y kljogftl iigkgjg tlilaòfobg PXCJ\BZC> bgaï tcstgjc y bgaï lf drgfc vlrjl PXLBOC> ics prlbocs scf vgrogjcs jl gbulrjc g su bgiojgj y li puftc jl bckprg. P\HIOBOJGJ> gi slr uf prcjubtc qul fc sl trgfsacrkg lf lstg koskg lkprlsg fc bulftg bcf kgycr puhiobojgj, þfobgklftl rljls scbogils y vog wlh.

Aodurg 84> çrlg jl  Klrbgjctlbfog. Aulftl gutcrls.

KGZXO^ JCAG BGAÏ IG ZCXXL

20

 

JLHOIOJGJLR    





      

 Fofdufg kgquofgrog pgrg prcjubboòf ofjustrogi. Agitg jl plrscfgi prcalso prcalsocfgi cfgi pgrg kgfln kgflncc jli buitovc. Pcbc plrscfgi. Li prcjubtc lstç jorodojc g uf sldklftc jl klrbgjc bcf uf lstrgtc scboclb lbcf cfòk òkob obcc kl kljo jocc g gi gitc tc,, bc bcff du dust stcc y lxbiusovojgj pcr uf bgaï crdçfobc, tcstgjc y jl lxblilftl bgiojgj. Ru prcjubboòf ls iokotgjg (7Zcf/Kls) pcr  ic tgftc fc icdrg sgtosagblr ig jlkgfjg g fovli fgbocfgi y lxtrgfnlrg.  Fc mgy ufg jovlrsoaobgboòf jli fldcboc, bckc pcr lnlkpic tolfjgs prcpogs c bckc  prcvlljcr pgrg ctrgs lkprlsgs. (Drgfjls suplraobols).

ACXZGIL^GR Prcjubtc þfobc, fc sl klzbig bcf bgaï jl ctrcs pgësls c rldocfls. Pr Prcj cjub ubtc tc bcic bcickh khog ogfc fc jl gi gitg tg bg bgio iojg jgjj rlbcfcbojc oftlrfgbocfgiklftl. Offcvgboòf lf lkpgqul hocjldrgjghil.  Giogfzgs bcf lftls ofstotubocfgils pgrg ig lxpcrtgboòf lxotcsg. Dczg jl uf Dccjwoii y Efcw Mcw. Blrtoaobgbocfls oftlrfgbocfgils, (Xgofacrlst, Drllfhorj). Gscbog Gsc bogboò boòff bcf vgro vgrocs cs bgaobui bgaobuitcr tcrls ls pgrg pgrg ghgstlblr ics biolftls gbtugils.

CPCXZ\FOJGJLR 

 

 





    

Rl puljl iildgr g kubmcs klrbgjcs lf li kufjc drgbogs g igs agboiojgjls jgjgs pcr  ics ZIB. Ig lkprlsg lkpolzg g slr rlbcfcbojg pcr  su Dccjwoii y Efcw Mcw. Agboiojgj Agboi ojgj pgrg lftrgr g fulvcs klrbgjc klrbgjcss g trg rgvvïs jl igs giogfzgs bcf bç bçk kgrg rgss  hofgbocfgils. Xuljg Xu ljgss jl fldcb fldcboc ocss pg pgrg rg ghror ghror fulvc fulvcss klrbgjcs. Bcickhog ls rlbcfcbojc bckc ufc jl ics klncrls kln crls prcjubt prcjubtcrls crls y bcfsuk bcfsukojc ojcrls rls jl bgaï. Gbblsc g prcdrgkgs jl aofgfbogboòf pgrg lkprlfjljcrls.

GKLFG^GR Bckp Bc kplt ltlfb lfbog og bc bcff pl plqul qul÷g ÷gss lkprl lkprlsgs sgs quolfls tgkhoïf prcjublf bgaï crdçfobc bcf ufg bgiojgj slklngftl. Bgkhocs y bcfjobocfls biokçtobgs. Rusb Rusblp lpto toho hoio iojg jgjj g gt gtgq gqul ul jl pi pigd gdgs gs y lfalrkljgjls. Prlalrlfbog y dustc pcr uf bgaï jl klfcr  bgiojgj y klfcr prlboc. Iojlrgzdc y pcsobocfgkolftc jl drgfjls kgrbgs y tolfjgs jl bgaï. Bgkhocs pciëtobcs y ilyls lf Bcickhog c lf li lxtlrocr qul galbtlf li fldcboc.

LRZXGZLDOGR AC   

JC Gjquoror fulvcs sliics jl bgiojgj bcf ics  Pgrtobopgr lf kçs prcdrgkgs jl bugils sl pcjrç ghror fulvcs klrbgjcs. aofgfbogboòf pgrg ig gjquosoboòf jl fulvg Kgftlflr uf hulf fckhrl slduorç jgfjc y klncr kgquofgrog bcf ig bugi sl puljg uf rlbcfcbokolftc oftlrfgbocfgi. guklftgr li fovli jl prcjubboòf. Bcftofugr lf ig hþsquljg jl kçs giogfzgs  Ofvlstodgr schrl ctrgs acrkgs jli fldcboc qul qul agbo agboio iotl tlff ig lx lxpc pcrt rtgb gboò oòff g fu fulv lvcs cs biolftls.

jl jli i ftl bg bgaï lfi lijllx lxtl tlro rocr cr,rg , pg pgrg rgrlbt ii iild ldgr gi bi biol olft l aïao aofg fgi kgfl kg flrg jo jorl btg, g, gr(s (sof of 27

 

oftlrkljogrocs).  Mg Mgbl blrr gi giog ogfz fzgs gs bc bcff of ofst stot otub uboc ocfl flss qu qull  puljgf bgpgbotgr gi plrscfgi, pcr lnlkpic, li OFQOKG. AG JG   Kg Kgft ftlf lflr lr li vgic vgicrr gd gdrl rldg dgjc jc qu qull igs  Okp Okpilk ilklft lftgr gr fulvgs fulvgs vgrolj vgroljgjl gjlss jl bgaï 

   

Gprcvlbmgr ics kljocs tlbfciòdobcs bcf li aof jl bcfcblr ics dustcs y gsë iildg iildgrr jl acrkg lalbtovg.

lkprlsgs qul prcjublf bgaï jl bgiojgj sokoigr fc pcsllf. Mgblr vosohil ics hlflaobocs jl uf bgaï jl gitg bgiojgj, nustoaobgfjc su vgicr. Dlflrgr gpcyc bckc gscbogjcs lf bgsc jl ufg galbtgboòf biokçtobg c KOPL.



rlsostlftls li g gidufgs lfalrkljgjls. Gdrgfjgr pcrtgacioc jl prcjubtc pgrg iildgr g kçs biolftls, tlfolfjc lf bulftg sus dustcs y prlalrlfbogs.

LKPXLRG BGAÏ D\GBGXO (Rgf Doi, RGFZGFJLX)

Ig lkprlsg jl bgaï Dugbgro fgbl jl ig flblsojgj jl ics prcjubtcrls jl ig rldoòf jl bcfslduor  uf klncr prlboc, jlspuïs jl bcfcblr ig bgiojgj jl bgaï qul lstçf prcjubolfjc ic bugi ics iilvg g acrkgr ufg ’gscbogboòf‛ jl 78 prcjubtcrls quolfls pcflf g jospcsoboòf sus prcjubbocfls y igfzgrsl g uf fulvc klrbgjc. Dugbgro sl brlg bckc ufg RGR jcfjl ofobogiklftl fc pcsllf ig kgquofgrog suaobolftl fo tlbfoaobgjg pgrg li prcblsgkolftc jl su kgtlrog prokg, plrc bcf ig ofvlrsoòf jl sus 78 scbocs icdrgf fc scic chtlflr ig kgquofgrog so fc brlgr ufg hcjldg y zcfg jl prcjubboòf y tcstgjc. Igs lstrgtldogs jl klrbgjc jl lstcs lkprlsgrocs ofobogf bcf ig gyujg jl PXCBCICKHOG lftl qul tolfl pcr chnltovc okpuisgr igs lxpcrtgbocfls bcickhogfgs kljogftl ig gslscrëg jl plrscfgi 28

 

bg bgio ioao aobg bgjc, jc, jl jlsjl sjl ig lt ltgpg gpg jl lv lvgi giugr ugr li pctlf pctlfbo bogi gi jl su pr prcju cjubt btcc g lx lxpc pcrt rtgr gr mgstg mgstg uf ufgg lxpc lxpcrt rtgb gboò oòff lxot lxotcs csgg y bc bcft ftof ofug ug.G .Gso so bc bckc kc ic icss kl kljo jocs cs qu qull lx lxpi piob obgg li sl sl÷c ÷crr jl sc schr hrll OFBCFZLXKR qul trgtg jl ics tïrkofcs jl fldcbogboòf oftlrfgbocfgi bckc pcr lnlkpic ACH _ ROA, y tgkhoïf ics kljocs jl pgdc (Bgrtg jl Brljotc) g ics bugils puljlf gbbljlr g trgvïs HGBCIJL] u ctrgs lftojgjls aofgfbolrgs. Rlduojc g lstc tgkhoïf mghic jl igs bçkgrgs jl bcklrboc Hofgbocfgils igs bugils fc scic il mgf gyujgjc g bcfslduor fulvcs bckprgjcrls, sofc tgkhoïf g klncrgr li prcjubtc yg qul uf lnlkpic qul li fcs jobl aul qul kljogftl ig vofbuigboòf jl ig bçkgrg bcickhc-gilkgfg il lfvogr lfv ogrcf cf ufg plrs plrscfg cfg bcf ig lxpl lxplrol rolfbo fbogg sua suaobo obolft lftll pgrg lvgiug lvgiugrr li prcb prcblsc lsc bckpil bckpiltc tc jl  prcjubboòf y ics kïtcjcs y kljocs jl tcstgboòf, tlfolfjc lf bulftg ic gftlrocr jlhlkcs rlbcfcblr rlbcfcb lr ig bgpgbo bgpgbojgj jgj jl lftlfj lftlfjlr lr ctrcs plfsgko plfsgkolftcs lftcs qul tolflf lstcs lkprlsgrocs lkprlsgrocs yg qul lf fulstrc pgës fc sl lftolfjlf lstgs klncrgs jl ig klncr acrkg. Dugbgro husbg gyujgr g igs agkoiogs jl ig rldoòf carlbolfjc lkpilc y uf klncr sgigroc bcf rlsp rlsplb lbtc tc g ct ctrg rgss lk lkpr prls lsgs gs jl ig rl rldo doòf òf,, klnc klncrg rgfj fjcc gs gsëë li bc bcfn fnuf uftc tc sc scbo bogi gi jl ig zc zcfg fg sgftgfjlrlgfg y joskofuylfjc ig pchrlzg.

8. JLRBXOPBOÒF JL ÇXLGR A\FBOCFGILR JL IG LKPXLRG  

Plrscfgi>

Ig lkprlsg pcsll uf dlrlftl y tlrkofg jl bcfacrkgr ig klsg jorlbtovg ics 78 gscbogjcs, lf jcfjl sl tckgf igs jlboso jlbosocfls cfls lf bcfnuftc bcfnuftc y lf bckþf gbulrjc. Ics lfbgrdgjcs lfbgrdgjcs jl rlbcdlr ics arutcs jli bgaï scf plrscfgs icbgils c acrçflgs lf gidufgs cbgsocfls bcf ufg drgf lxplrolfbog lf lstg gbtovojgj, jcfjl li bcfcbokolftc gblrbg jl ig rlbcilbboòf aul lkpërobc, li trgtc bcf ics vlbofcss sl bcftrgt vlbofc bcftrgtgf gf plrscfgs cbgs cbgsocfgil ocfgilss pgrg ig rlbcilbboòf rlbcilbboòf jorlbtg jorlbtg , li rlstc jli prcblsc prcblsc ic mgbl li koskc jul÷c jl ig aofbg, ig bgpgbotgboòf jl lstcs prcjubtcrls ls mlbmg pcr pgrtl jl ig aljlrgboòf jl bgaltlrcs lf igs hulfgs prçbtobgs gdrëbcigs pgrg kgftlflr igs blrtoaobgbocfls ig sldurojgj ls këfokg lf lstgs lkprlsgs.  

Aofgfzgs>

Lstl topc jl buitovc su ofvlrsoòf ls uf tolkpc bcfsojlrghil, jurgftl lsl tolkpc ics bcstcs scf gsukojcs pcr li prcjubtcr y sl flblsotgf aulftls gitlrfgtovgs pgrg kgftlflrsl, ics dgstcs  profbopgiklftl scf lf ofarglstrubturg pgrg li prcblsgkolftc jli drgfc jl bgaï, ics dgstcs lf ics ofsukcs pgrg igs pigftgs, mgstg qul lstl lkpolzg su prcjubboòf gi g÷c y ig rlbuplrgboòf jl ig ofvlrsoòf ls mgstg ics jcs g÷cs, jcfjl ics rolsdcs puljlf slr prchilkgs aotcsgfotgrocs y jg÷lf bcfsojlrghilklftl li prcjubtc.

22

 

 

Gjkofostrgboòf jl kgtlrogils>

Ig bckprg jl ics alrtoiozgftls y ics ofsukcs scf rlgiozgjcs lf ics klrbgjcs icbgils y sl gikgblfgf lf ig koskg aofbg lf iudgrls lsplbogils pgrg su utoiozgboòf lf li kcklftc flblsgroc, fc sl rlgiozg gikgblfgkolftc jl bgaï sof jlsblrlzgr pulstc qul lstl sl alrklftg y polrjl bgiojgj, pcr tgftc, ls uf prcblsc bcftofuc mgstg gi gikgblfgkolftc yg jlijl bgaï slbc lstl dugrjg lf iudgrls iudgrl s slbcs mgstg slr iilvgjcs iilvgj cs iildgr gi klrbgjc jcfjl li prcblsc bgiojgj bgio jgjjcfjl vg lf bgjg ufg jl igs ltgpgs jlsjl ig rlbcilbboòf, jlsblrlzgjc, alrklftgboòf, slbgjc y su vlftg.  

Prcjubboòf>

Ig rlbcilbboòf jl bgaï sl prcdrgkg pgrg igs jcs bcslbmgs qul sl rlgiozgf gi g÷c ufg drgfjl bcf jurgboòf gprcxokgjg jl jcs klsls y ig ctrg jl trgvolsg girljljcr jl uf kls, jcfjl sl giostgf li  plrscfgi pgrg ig bcslbmg y li pcstlrocr trgtgkolftc jli bgaï lf bgjg pgsc jl ig rlbcilbboòf sl chslrvg qul ics chrlrcs fc iilvlf prcjubtcs vlrjls fo jg÷gjcs, sofc ics kgjurcs þfobgklftl  pgrg chtlflr ig klncr bgiojgj.

Aodurg 8=> çrlg jl  Prcjubboòf. Aulftl gutcrls.

2:

 

 

Klrbgjctlbfog

Ig kgycr pgrtl jli prcjubtc ls pgrg lxpcrtgboòf gufqul tolflf uf pgr jl klrbgjcs icbgils lf Rgf Doi y Hubgrgkgfdg, gpgrtl vlfjlf su prcjubtc g lkprlsgs bckc Bccpltrgf quolfls sof okpcrtgr li prlboc jlslgf uf hulf bgal QLFZG> ig vlftg jli bgaï ls rlgiozgjg pcr li koskc prcjubtcr lf ruljgs jl fldcbocs c vëg wlh y bcrrlc lilbtròfobc. PXLBOC> ics prlbocs scf vgrogjcs jl gbulrjc g su bgiojgj y li puftc jl bckprg. P\HIOBOJGJ> Bckc profbopgi puhiobojgj lfbcftrgkcs su pçdofg wlh y ig vcz g vcz jli dustc jl bgjg lkprlsgroc. Zgkhoïf vojlcs y rljls scbogils.

Aodurg 8?> çrlg jl Klrbgjctlbfog. Aulftl gutcrls.

2<

 

KGZXO^ JCAG BGAÏ D\GBGXO JLHOIOJGJLR CPCXZ\FOJGJLR  Pcbg cbg kgquofgrog pgrg pr prccjub ubbboòf  Rl puljl iildgr g kubmcs klrbgjcs lf li kufjc drgbogs g igs agboiojgjls jgjgs pcr  ofjustrogi. ics ZIB.  Agitg jl plrscfgi prcalsoc prcalsocfgi fgi pgrg kgflnc kgflnc  Agboi Agboiojgj ojgj pgrg lftrgr g fulvcs klrbgjcs klrbgjcs g jli buitovc.  Hgng bgpgbotgboòf gi plrscfgi. trg rgvvïs jl igs giogfzgs bcf bçkgrg rgss  hofgbocfgils.  Li prcjubtc lstç jorodojc g uf sldklftc jl Xulj ljgs gs jl fl fldcb dcboc ocss pg pgrg rg gh ghro rorr ful fulvc vcss klrbgjc bcf uf lstrgtc scboc-lbcfòkobc  Xu klrbgjcs. kljoc g gitc, bcf dustc y lxbiusovojgj pcr  uf bgaï crdçfobc, tcstgjc y jl lxblilftl  Bcickhog ls rlbcfcbojc bckc ufc jl ics klncrls kln crls prcj prcjubt ubtcrl crlss y bcfsuko bcfsukojcrl jcrlss jl bgiojgj. bgaï.  Ru prcjubboòf ls iokotgjg (7Zcf/Kls) pcr  ic tgftc fc icdrg sgtosagblr ig jlkgfjg g  Gbblsc g prcdrgkgs jl aofgfbogboòf pgrg lkprlfjljcrls. fovli fgbocfgi y lxtrgfnlrg. ACXZGIL^GR GKLFG^GR  Bckp Bckplt ltlf lfbo bogg bc bcff pl plqu qul÷ l÷gs gs lkpr lkprls lsgs gs  Okpgbtc scbogi pcsotovc lf ig rldoòf. quolfls tgkhoïf prcjublf bgaï crdçfobc  Pr Prcj cjub ubtc tc bcic bcickh khog ogfc fc jl gi gitg tg bg bgio iojg jgjj   

rlbcfcbojc oftlrfgbocfgiklftl. Giogfzgs bcf lftls ofstotubocfgils pgrg ig lxpcrtgboòf lxotcsg. Dczg jl uf Dccjwoii y Efcw Mcw. Gscbog Gsc bogboò boòff bcf vgr vgrocs ocs bga bgaobu obuit itcrls crls pgrg ghgstlblr ics biolftls gbtugils.

   

bcf ufg bgiojgj slklngftl. Bgkhocs y bcfjobocfls biokçtobgs. Rusb Rusblp lpto toho hoio iojg jgjj g gt gtgq gqul ul jl pi pigd gdgs gs y lfalrkljgjls. Prlalrlfbog y dustc pcr uf bgaï jl klfcr  bgiojgj y klfcr prlboc. Bgkhocs pciëtobcs y ilyls lf Bcickhog c lf li lxtlrocr qul galbtlf li fldcboc.

LRZXGZLDOGR AC  



AG

Kgftlflr uf hulf fckhrl slduorç jgfjc uf rlbcfcbokolftc oftlrfgbocfgi. Bcftofugr lf ig hþsquljg jl kçs giogfzgs qul agbo agboio iotl tlff ig lxp lxpcrt crtgb gboò oòff g fu fulvc lvcss biolftls. Gprcvlbmgr ics kljocs tlbfciòdobcs bcf li aof jl bcfcblr ics dustcs y gsë iildgr jl acrkg lalbtovg.

JC  Ofvlstodgr schrl ctrgs acrkgs jli fldcboc jl jlii bg bgaï aï lf li lx lxtl tlro rocr cr,, pg pgrg rg ii iild ldgr gr gi bi biol olft ftll ao aofg fgii jl kg kgfl flrg rg jo jorl rlbt btg, g, (s (sof of oftlrkljogrocs).  Mg Mgblr blr gi giog ogfz fzgs gs bc bcff of ofst stot otub uboc ocfl flss qu qull  puljgf bgpgbotgr gi plrscfgi, plrsc fgi, pcr lnlkpic, li OFQOKG. JG 21

 

 

   

Kgftlf Kgft lflr lr li vg vgiicr gd gdrl rldg dgjc jc qu qull ig igss lkprlsgs qul prcjublf bgaï jl bgiojgj sokoigr fc pcsllf. Mgblr vosohil vosohil ics hlflao hlflaobocs bocs jl uf bgaï jl gitg bgiojgj, nustoaobgfjc su vgicr. Dlflrgr gpcyc bckc gscbogjcs lf bgsc jl ufg galbtgboòf biokçtobg c KOPL.



 

Ljubgfjc y/c bgpgbotgfjc gi plrscfgi bcf li aof jl dlflrgr klncrls prcblscs qul sl slgf gf vo voso sohi hils ls lf uf kl klnc ncrr pr prcj cjub ubtc tc y  prcblsc jl prcjubboòf, jcfjl  pcstlrocrklftl rlsgitl lf li  pcsobocfgkolftc jl ig kgrbg lftrl ig bckpltlfbog. Okpilklftgr fulvgs vgroljgjls jl bgaï rlsostlftls g gidufgs lfalrkljgjls. Gdrgfjgr li pcrtgacioc jl prcjubtc pgrg iildgr g kçs biolftls, tlfolfjc lf bulftg sus dustcs y prlalrlfbogs.

BCFBI\ROCFLR



Pcjlkcs jlbor jlbor qul bgjg bckpcflftl jli slbtcr gdrcplbugroc gdrcplbugroc pcr plqul÷c c drgfjl qul slg jlhl slr bcfsoj bcfsojlrgjc lrgjc bckc ufg lkprlsg, lf ig bugi sl jlhlf iilvgr g bghc tcjgs igs aufbocfls botgjgs lf li ofacrkl, ig brlgboòf jl fulvcs josl÷cs y prlslftgbocfls husbg jgr rlspulstg g ics prchilkgs qul sl prlslftgf lf igs lkprlsgs prcblsgjcrgs jl  hcbgjoiic. Ls flblsgroc mgblr igs bcsgs jl kgflrg joalrlftl, pcr ic tgftc bgjg kofoaufjoc c plqul÷c prljoc sl il jlhl jgril li kgflnc gjlbugjc y pcjlr bckpltor lf uf klrbgjc dichgiozgjc.



Lf li prcblsc jl prcjubboòf tcjg lkprlsg flblsotg iilvgr uf crjlf lsplbëaobc jl igs aufbocfls pgrg igs pcjlr dlflrgr kçs qul lighcrgjcs jlschrgr klncrgibgiojgj y utoiozgfjc gi kçxokc tcjcs pgrtls jl ig prcjubtcs kgtlrog prokg pujolrgf aofgi jli prcblsc. lf ig gbtugiojgj gbtugiojgj sl vl qul tcjgs igs fulvgs lkprlsgs husbgf lstgr lf uf lquoiohroc lquoiohroc lftrl su gbtovojgj y li kljoc gkholftl dlflrgfjc klbgfoskcs jl bcftrgrrlstgr igs pcsohils aulftlss jl bcft aulftl bcftgkofgb gkofgboòf. oòf. Ic qul g fovli k kufjogi ufjogi lxostlf lxostlf lkprlsgs lkprlsgs blrtoaobgjcrg blrtoaobgjcrgss lfbgrdgjgs lfbgrdg jgs jl prlkog prlkogrr y vgicrgr vgicrgr gqulii gquliics cs prcjubtcs qul sl lighcrlf jl acrkg lbciòdobg lbciòdobg gyujgfjc g pcsobocfgrics lf li klrbgjc dichgi.



Lf lstl rlbcrrojc pcr igs lkprlsgs sl pujc chslrvgr jostoftgs bgrgbtlrëstobgs jl bgjg ufg, su lsplbogiozgboòf lf bugftc g joalrlftls prcblscs qul bcfiilvgf g ig chtlfboòf jl  prcjubtc, klrbgjlc l ofvlstodgboòf. G kcjc jl bckpgrgboòf sl puljl jlbor qul ig lkprlsg kçs drgfjl lf bugftc g çrlgs aufbocfgils y bckpilnojgj jl ics prcblscs aul ig vlil÷g jl hcbgjoiics lf ig bugi sl rlgiozg fc scic lf ig pgrtl jl kgreltofd sofc tgkho tgkhoïf ïf 24

 

lf li klncrgkolftc jl prcblscs jl açhrobg. Ru drgf joalrlfbog bcf igs ctrgs lkprlsgs ls qul lstg ls kçs drgfjl lf bugftc g sus çrlgs y prcblscs. 

Lf bugftc g igs aghrobgs jlstofgjgs g ig prcjubboòf jl bgaïs lsplbogils ls okpcrtgftl rlsgitgr qul sl mgf jgjc lfcrkls pgscs pgrg agvcrlblr y jgr vgicr gdrldgjc g ics  prcjubtcs plqul÷cs prcjubtcrls tcjcuflstc kljoc jl ig aljlrgboòf fgbocfgi jl bgaltlrcs yjlsuics slrvoboc jl lxtlfsoòf jgfjc pcbcpcr kçs jl sustlftc l oftlfboòf pcr pgrtl jli plqul÷c bgkplsofc g sukgrsl g ig trgjoboòf jl prcjubor bgaï bcf prçbtobgs gkodghils  pgrg li kljoc gkholftl l ofblftovcs pgrg li prcjubtcr. sl mgf vostc chiodgjg g rlgiozgr   prcblscs jl klncrg chiodgjcs pcr ig bckpltlfbog qul fc mmgf gf sojc s ojc ics klncrls jlhojc g qul fc sl il jg ig okpcrtgfbog pcr pgrtl jli dcholrfc g igs lkprlsgs.

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