Informe de Elaboracion de Salsa de Tomtate

 

HO@BCR@FAÖE MH O@ V@OV@ MH ]CG@]H

OAG@ -THRÚ Ecvahgbrh, 240>

 

]`bo` mh fcetheamc Rhsughe................................................. Rhsughe........................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ........................................ ..................== 0. To`eth`gahetc mho prcbohg`....... prcbohg`............................. ............................................ ............................................. .............................................8 ......................8 2. Cbjhtavcs......... Cbjhtavcs............................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ..................................................9 ............................9 2.0.

Cbjhtavcs khehr`ohs.. khehr`ohs........................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ .................................9 ...........9

2.2. Cbjhtavcs hsphfçiafcs. hsphfçiafcs....................... ............................................ ............................................ ......................................................9 ................................9 6. Iuem`ghetc thörafc.......... thörafc................................ ............................................. ............................................. ........................................ ............................... .............;; =. Mhs`rrcooc.......... Mhs`rrcooc................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ..............................................09 ........................09 8. Rhsuot`mcs... Rhsuot`mcs......................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ....................................................2; ..............................2; 9. @eàoasas mh rhsuot`mcs rhsuot`mcs.......................................................................................................60 .......................................................................................................60 ;. Cbshrv`facehs Cbshrv`facehs................... ......................................... ............................................ ............................................ ....................................................60 ..............................60 >. Rhfcghem`facehs Rhfcghem`facehs.............................................................................................................62 .............................................................................................................62 1. Fcefousacehs Fcefousacehs..................... ........................................... ............................................ ............................................ ....................................................62 ..............................62 04. Rhihrhefa`s baboackràiaf`s baboackràiaf`s.............................................................................................62 .............................................................................................62

2

 

AEMAFH MH AOXV]R@FACEHV Aoustr`faöe 0: ]cg`ths rcjcs.................................................................................................................. ; Aoustr`faöe 2: T`st` mh tcg`th mh mavhrs`s g`rf`s. (`) Gcoat`oa`, (b) o` rcjat`, (f) Mce Yattcrac............ 1 Aoustr`faöe 6: Fcesastöghtrc hsphfa`o p`r` p`st` mh tcg`th.................................................04 Aoustr`faöe =: T`st` Nct y Fcom Brh`l...................................................................................02

AEMAFH MH ]@BO@V

]`bo` 0: Y`ocr eutraface`o mho tcg`th (044k mh irut` irhsf`)........... irhsf`)................................. ..........................................; ....................; ]`bo` 2: Mhsake`faöe mh o` p`st` mh tcg`th.................... tcg`th.......................................... .........................................................00 ...................................00 ]`bo` 6: Rhquasatcs içsafcs, quçgafcs y gafrcbacoökafc.... gafrcbacoökafc.......................... ...................................................... ................................00 00 ]`bo` =: Maihrhefa`s hetrh Nct y Fcom Brh`l................... Brh`l......................................... ........................................................02 ..................................02 ]`bo` 8: Amhetaiaf`faöe mh ocs TTF (puetc frçtafc mh fcetrco)..................................................2= fcetrco)..................................................2= ]`bo` 9: F`etam`m utaoaz`m` p`r` ho`bcr`r o` s`os` mh tcg`th................................................... tcg`th...................................................2; 2; ]`bo` ;: Y`ra`bohs mho t`equh........ t`equh.............................. ............................................ ............................................ ...............................................60 .........................60 ]`bo` >: To`e N@FFT p`r` o` s`os` mh tcg`th.........................................................................21 tcg`th.........................................................................21

 

Rhsughe He o` `ftu`oam`m, he ho Thrú o` frhfaheth hfcecgç` y ho `ughetc mh o` pcbo`faöe sug`mc ` o` thfeco thf ecockç ckç`` h aem aemust ustra` ra`oaz oaz`f `faöe aöe n`e n`e i`f i`faoa aoat`m t`mcc ho `ug `ughet hetcc mho fcesug fcesugcc mh prcmuf prcmuftcs tcs y` ho`bcr`mcs, fcgc frhg`s, s`os`s bhbam`s, p`st`s, quhscs, oàfthcs y ctrcs gàs. He ho shftcr  fcghrfa`o ho `ughetc mho pcthefa`o ghrf`mc he o` f`pat`o n` f`us`mc o` `p`rafaöe mh hgprhs`s fcgc @oafcrp, Gcoat`oa`, Ehstoá quh ho`bcr`e prcmuftcs fcgc s`os`s mh tcg`ths. Ho `ughetc he o` v`rahm`m mh sus prhshet`facehs prhshet`facehs y rhfht`s marakam`s `o ghrf`mc n` f`us`mc quh sh ho`bcrhe maihrheths tapcs mh fcetrco mh f`oam`m, mur`eth ho prcfhsc mh ho`bcr`faöe aemustra`o. Ho prhsheth tr`b`jc taheh fcgc cbjhtavc gcstr`r ho prcfhsc mh ho`bcr`faöe mh s`os` mh tcg`th fugpoahemc fce o`s pcoçtaf`s mh f`oam`m p`r` `sç, khehr`r ue `oaghetc s`ec, eutratavc y `kr`m`boh quh s`tasi`k` `o fcesugamcr. He o` ho`bcr`faöe, ocs tcg`ths sce gcoamcs p`r` `sç hxtr`hr o` puop`, y ouhkc shr fcefhetr`m` ghma`eth hv`pcr`mcrhs, y` quh o` f`etam`m mh `ku` khehr`m` hstà pcr hefag` mho oçgath. @mhgàs, ocs fcgpceheths sce fcefhetr`mcs p`r` quh ho prcmuftc thek` ue` hxfhoheth iuheth mh oafcphec y mh ctrcs eutraheths. Vh oh `ð`mh `matavcs y s`bcraz`eths, p`r` ouhkc shr  ncgckhehaz`m`, ncgckhehaz `m`, p`sthuraz`m` y iae`ogheth hev`s`m`. He f`m` ue` mh hst`s ht`p`s, sh mhbh rh`oaz`r ue fcetrco y ho `eàoasas mh f`oam`m mh o` p`st` mh tcg`th, t`o fcgc ho fcocr, söoamcs scoubohs, vasfcsam`m, `famhz y ho pN mho prcmuftc prcfhs`mc he ho o`bcr`tcrac. He o` pràftaf`, quh sh oohv`r` he ho o`bcr`tcrac, sh mhs`rrcoo`r` ue gátcmc mh fcetrco y fceshrv`faöe mh o` s`os` mh tcg`th, fce ho iae mh prcocek`r o` vam` útao mh ue `oaghetc y/c `ughet`r o` f`oam`m mh hsth, `o shr tr`esicrg`mcs he `oaghetcs he s`os`s, p`st`s, `ogçb`r, `oaghetcs heo`t`mcs hetrh ctrcs. O` iae`oam`m mh o` pràftaf` ` rh`oaz`r hs `e`oaz`r y mhs`rrcoo`r  ho gátcmc mh fceshrv`faöe gàs hiafaheth p`r` shr us`mc he ho`bcr`faöe mh o` s`os` mh tcg`th.

 

0.

To`eth`gahetc mho prcbohg`

Vhkúe Vhk úe @EG@] @EG@] (@m (@mgae gaeast astr`f r`faöe aöe E`f E`face ace`o `o mh gh ghmaf maf`gh `ghetc etcs, s, @oaghe @oaghetcs tcs y ]hfec ]hfecock ockç` ç` Gámaf`), O`s heihrghm`mhs tr`esgatam`s pcr `oaghetcs (H]@), `uequh maiçfaohs mh fu`etaiaf`r  fcestatuyhe ue agpcrt`eth prcbohg` mh s`oum ` eavho guema`o. Vce f`us` mh gcrt`oam`m t`etc  pcr heihrghm`mhs heihrghm`mhs `kum`s fcgc fröeaf`s `mquaram`s ` tr`vás mh o` aekhstaöe mh `oaghetcs fcet`gae`mcs,, y` sh` pcr gafrccrk`easgcs (b`fthra`s, varus, p`ràsatcs, htf.) fcgc `sç t`gbaáe fcet`gae`mcs  pcr tcxae`s. ]cmc hstc `ihft` ho crk`easgc y o` f`oam`m mh vam`, `sç fcgc ho mhshgphðc  prcmuftavc mh o`s phrsce`s. Tcr t`o gctavc, mhsmh ue heicquh hfceögafc y scfa`o, o` f`oam`m nakaáeafc-s`eat`ra` mh ocs `oaghetcs, hs ue i`ftcr agpcrt`eth p`r` ho mhs`rrcooc mh ue p`çs. He o` aemustra` `oaghet`ra` hs mh sug` agpcrt`efa` o` agpohghet`faöe mh ue sasthg` mh f`oam`m, y` quh mhbhgcs hst`r fcesfaheths quh sh hstàe prcmufahemc `oaghetcs p`r` ho fcesugc nug`ec y ue hrrcr he fu`oquahr p`rth mho prcfhsc pcmrç` tr`hr i`t`ohs fceshfuhefa`s. fceshfuhefa`s. @mhgàs mh o`s pármam`s hfceögaf`s quh fceoohv` ue mhshquaoabrac mh g`eui`ftur`. Hxasthe mavhrscs sasthg`s p`r` cbthehr prcmuftcs mh f`oam`m. Ocs quh sh utaoaz`e he icrg`s gàs fcgúe sce: ho AVC (crk`eaz`faöe aethre`face`o mh hstàem`rhs), ho N@FFT (`eàoasas mh rahskcs y puetcs frçtafcs mh fcetrco) y ]PG (fcetrco tct`o mh o` f`oam`m), pcr oc t`etc, hstcs sasthg sas thg`s `s sce `ft `ftu` u`ogh ogheth eth o`s `othre `othre`ta `tav` v`ss gàs i`f i`ftab tabohs ohs p`r p`r`` agpohg agpohghet het`rs `rshh he `okue` `okue`ss aemustra`s quh mhshhe cirhfhr prcmuftcs mh buhe` f`oam`m mh ue` g`ehr` gàs shefaoo`. Ho N@FF N@FFT T hs ue sa sast sthg hg`` qu quhh pr prcp cpcr crfa face ce`` fc fcei eia` a`ez ez`` he qu quhh sh hs hstà tà kh khst stac ace` e`mc mc `mhfu `m hfu`m` `m`ghe gheth th o` shk shkura uram`m m`m mh ocs `oaghe `oaghetcs tcs phr phrgat gatahe ahemc mc g`ethe g`ethehro hro`` fc fcgc gc pracra pracram`m m`m gàxag` y po`eaiaf`r fcgc hvat`r ocs prcbohg`s he vhz mh hsphr`r ` quh cfurr`e. Tcr sus f`r`fthrçstaf`s, hsth sasthg` n` rhsuot`mc mh iàfao `m`pt`faöe p`r` o`s phquhð`s y ghma`e`s hgprhs`s. Hs pcr hooc, quh ho prhsheth tr`b`jc mh aevhstak`faöe hst`bohfh ho sasthg` N@FFT p`r` ocs  prcfhscs mh ho`bcr`faöe mh s`os`s ` eavh eavhoo gafrchgprhs`.

 

2.

Cbjhtavcs

2.0.Cbjhtavcs khehr`ohs 

Ho`bcr`r gátcmcs mh fcetrco y mh ghjcr` mh f`oam`m mur`eth o` ho`bcr`faöe.

2.2.Cbjhtavcs hsphfçiafcs  @poaf`r o`s pcoçtaf`s mh f`oam`m ghma`eth ue `eàoasas mh phoakrcs y puetcs frçtafcs mh f`oam`m (N@FFT) p`r` prhvhear o`s i`oo`s ghma`eth fcetrcohs hiafaheths.  Amhetaiaf`r y hoagae`r c rhmufar ocs rahkcs he ocs puetcs frçtafcs mur`eth o`s ht`p`s mh  prcmuffaöe.  Hv`ou`r o`s ht`p`s mh prcfhsc ghma`eth hes`ycs he o`bcr`tcrac  Fugpoar fce ocs rhquasatcs ohk`ohs mh prcmuffaöe mh p`st` mh tcg`th, p`r` s`tasi`fhr o`s ehfhsam`mhs mh ocs foaheths.  Hst`bohfhr y f`thkcraz`r ue` shrah mh p`scs crmhe`mcs p`r` `shkur`r ho fcetrco y o` f`oam`m mho prcmuftc.

 

6.

Iuem`ghetc thörafc

6.0.V`os` mh tcg`th 6.0.00 Mhiae 6.0. Mhiaeafaö afaöe e mh tcg`th Ho tcg`th hs o` ncrt`oaz` mh g`ycr fcesugc he ho guemc, sahemc o`s zce`s mh prcmuffaöe he ho Thrú: Thrú: Fn` Fn`ef` ef`y, y, F`ð F`ðhth hth,, Nu`r` Nu`r`,, Tas Tasfc, fc, Af` Af`,, Nu`r`o Nu`r`o,, Fnafo` Fnafo`yc yc y O`gb`y O`gb`yhqu hquhh (K`rkurhvafn, 240>).

 Aoustr`faöe 0: ]cg`ths rc rcjcs jcs

Ho tcg`th hstà fcgpuhstc praefap`ogheth pcr `ku` y pcr namr`tcs mh f`rbcec, hetrh o`s vat`gae`s quh fcetaheh hst` o` vat`gae` @ y F y ue` mh hs`s icrg`s hs áo - f`rcthec y ho oafcphec, hsth úotagc hs ho rhspces`boh mh m`r ho fcocr rcjc `o tcg`th. O` f`etam`m mh oafcphecs prhsheths he ho tcg`th mhphemh mh su hst`mc hst`mc,, kr`mc mh g`murhz, v`rahm`m fuotav`. Ocs oafcphecs sh tr`esicrg`e he vat`gae` @ y `yum`e ` prhvhear ho fàefhr  (Fcrceho y f`staooc, 2441).

]`bo` 0: Y`ocr eutraface`o mho tcg`th (044k mh irut` irhsf`) Hohghetcs

Fcetheamc pcr f`m`

@ku` Trcthçe`s F`rbcnamr`tcs F`ofac Nahrrc Icsicrc

044k 1=% 00.0 k = .; k 06 gk 4.8 gk 2; gk

Yat`gae` @ ]a`gae` Rabcio`vae`  Ea`fae` Àfamc @sförbafc

144 X.A 94 uk =4 uk 4.; gk 26 gk

 

Ho hst`mc mho tcg`th p`r` o` ho`bcr`faöe mh o` s`os` rhquahrh fugpoar fahrtcs hstàem`rhs, y` quh scoc `sç sh puhmh k`r`etaz`r o` f`oam`m mho prcmuftc. Vh puhmhe `krup`r he tárgaecs khehr`ohs mh o` sakuaheth icrg`:  

]`g`ðc y icrg`.

 

G`murhz.

 

Fcethxtur`.

 

V`bcr y `rcg`.

 

Fcocr.

 

Iuefaöe: hs mhfar o` amceham`m mh ocs `oaghetcs.

 

F`rhefa` mh mhsphrihftcs mhsphrihftcs..

 

F`rhefa` mh fcet`gae`eth fcet`gae`eths. s.

 

F`rhefa` mh p`rths aemhsh`bohs mh g`thra` prag`.

T`r` o` fceshrv`faöe mh ocs tcg`ths hs ehfhs`rac amhetaiaf`r, quh i`ftcrhs ghrg`e o` f`oam`m, hstcs f`gbacs quh khehr`ogheth sce arrhvhrsaboh y g`ycrgheth sh mhbhe ` o` `ffaöe hezagàtaf` scbrh ho `oaghetc `mhgàs mh ue frhfagahetc mh gafrccrk`easgcs. Hs mhfar quh ho praefap`o gctavc mh fceshrv`faöe mho `oaghetc mhbh mh shr, he hoagae`r y/c mhstruar ocs rhspces`bohs mho mhthracrc c aenabarocs. Hstc mhbh mh `ughet`r ho tahgpc mh vam` `o prcmuftc. O`s hezag`s sce sust`efa`s quçgaf`s fcgpohj`s quh rhkuo`e ocs prcfhscs ght`böoafcs y quh hstàe prhsheths he tcmcs ocs crk`easgcs vavcs. Vu `ftavam`m sh ae`ftav` phrg`eheth fce ho f`ocr hohv`mc, phrc f`ohet`gahetcs gcmhr`mcs `ughet`e su `ftavam`m. O`s b`j`s thgphr`tur`s agpamhe su `ffaöe thgpcr`ogheth, phrc ec sce mh hihftc phrg`eheth (Thð` y Puar`sfc, 240=)

Ma`st`s`s O` Ma`st`s`s hs ue` hezag` quh su iuefaöe hs mh mhsfcgpcehr namr`tcs mh f`rbcec, fcevartaáemcocs he `zúf`r y n`fahemc iàfao su makhstaöe he ho crk`easgc. Khehr`ogheth sh hefuhetr` he shgaoo`s khrgae`m`s p`r` su gàs ràpam` prcoaihr`faöe. Hs shesaboh ` ue` `famhz hohv`m` y sh vuhovh ae`ftav` ` pN 6,6 c ` pN ghecr. Vahemc ho  pN öptagc mh `ffaöe mhetrc mhetrc mho r`ekc 8-;. Hst` hezag` hezag` hs rhsastheth `o f`ocr, f`ocr, puhs ` ;4 ´F fceshrv` ue ;4% mh su `ftavam`m. @ftú` scbrh `ogamcehs frumcs y kho`taeaz`mcs. Vae

 

hgb`rkc, ` ue` thgphr`tur` mh 044 ´F sh p`r`oaz` o` `ffaöe mh o` ma`st`s` scbrh o` iáfuo`. i áfuo`.

 

6.0.2 Mhiaeafaöe mh s`os` s`os` mh tcg`th Vhkúe o` ecrg` Fcmhx @oaght`raus, o` s`os` mh tcg`th hs ho prcmuftc ho`bcr`mc ` p`rtar mh tcg`ths s`ecs y g`murcs, hethrcs y/c trcz`mcs fce puop` c fcefhetr`mc mh tcg`th, s`o, vae`krh, fcemaghetcs, hsphfahs y `matavcs phrgatamcs, hstcs úotagcs v`rç`e shkúe ho kustc mh f`m` rhkaöe. He ho ghrf`mc phru`ec sh fcecfhe mastaet`s v`ra`facehs mh o` s`os` mh tcg`th, hetrh hoo`s sh hefu hefuhe hetr tr`` o` s` s`os os`` foàs foàsaf af`, `, Tc Tcg` g`rc rco` o`,, O` Rc Rcja jat` t`,, qu quhh hs ue ue`` p` p`st st`` mh g`yc g`ycr  r  fcefhetr`faöee y ghecr mh `ku`, o` s`os` Mce Yattcrac quh fcetaheh hsphfahs fcgc fhbcoo` fcefhetr`faö fhbcoo`,, `jc, z`e`ncra`. Hst`s mcs úotag`s sh fcecfhe fcgc s`os`s fce sciratc oast` p`r` prhp`r`r.

 Aoustr`faöe  Aoustr`faö e 2: T`st` m mhh tcg`th mh mavhrs`s g g`rf`s. `rf`s. (`) G Gcoat`oa`, coat`oa`, (b) o` rcjat`, (f) Mce Yattcrac.

6.0.6 Frathracs mh f`oam`m y rrhquasatcs hquasatcs Içsaf Içsafc-Puçgafcs c-Puçgafcs Mur`eth ho prcfhsc mh ho`bcr`faöe sh n`fh ue shkuagahetc ` o` f`oam`m mho prcmuftc. Hst`s táfeaf`s p`r` ho fcetrco mh o` f`oam`m sce:

Mhthrgae`faöe mh Tn. Ho pN hs ue p`ràghtrc quh mhthrgae` o` `famhz mh ue prcmuftc, ho fu`o mhbh csfao`r hetrh •

=.2 y =.=. Hsth r`ekc hs pragcrma`o, y` quh `yum` ` o`s hgprhs`s ` g`ehj`r ho tcg`th fce fce g` g`yc ycrr i`fa i`faoa oam` m`mm he o` prcm prcmuf uffa faöe öe.. @m @mhg hgàs às ue pN b` b`jc jc hs hi hiaf afah ahet ethh y` qu quhh masgaeuyh o` fcet`gae`faöe gafrcba`e`.

• Mhthrgae`faöe mh kr kr`mcs `mcs Br Brax. ax. Hsth p`ràghtrc mhthrgae` o` f`etam`m mh söoamcs he o` p`st` mh tcg`th y sh puhmh mhth mhthrg rgae ae`r `r us us`e `emc mc ue hqua hquapc pc oo`g oo`g`m `mcc rhir rhir`f `ftö tögh ghtr trc. c. Hsth Hsth fc fcet etrc rcoo hs mh su sug` g` agpcrt`efa`, y` quh aeiouyh he ho rhemagahetc mh cphr`faöe, puhstc quh ho cbjhtavc mh o`s aemustra`s hs `ughet`r o` fcefhetr`faöe fcefhetr`faöe mh söoamcs.

 

O` s`os` mh tcg`th puhmh shr mh: 09´ BRA^ sagpohgheth fcefhetr`mc 21´ BRA^ mcbohgheth fcefhetr`mc 69´ BRA^ trapohgheth fcefhetr`mc

• Mhth Mhthrgae` rgae`faöe faöe mh `famh `famhz. z. O` `famhz hs mhbam` ` o`s prhshefa` mh mavhrscs àfamcs crkàeafcs prhsheths he ho tcg`th (@famc t`rtàrafc, gàoafc, `fátafc, fçtrafc, koutàgafc). O` mhthrgae`faöe mh o` `famhz tct`o sh b`s` he o` v`ocr`faöe `famc-b`sh, hxprhs`emc ocs rhsuot`mcs fcgc pcrfhet`jh mh àfamc eçtrafc.

 

Fcocr

Ho fcocr mho tcg`th hs uec mh ocs i`ftcrhs gàs agpcrt`eth he o` aemustra` y sh mhbh ` o`  prhshefa` mh f`rcthecs y x`etciao`s. Hstá mhbh shr rcjc aethesc y ueaicrgh, y` quh ho fcocr mhthrgae` o` g`murhz mho irutc, ho fu`o fcgueaf` irhsfur`, s`bcr y f`oam`m mho  prcmuftc. Hsth p`ràghtrc p`ràghtrc sh mhthrg mhthrgae` ae` ghma`eth ue g ghmamcr hmamcr mh fcocraghtrç`. fcocraghtrç`.

 

Fcesasthefa`

O` vasfcsam`m puhmh gcmaiaf`rsh v`ra`emc ho tahgpc mh ae`ftav`faöe mh o` hezag` pcr  ho f` f`oc ocrr brh` brh`ll mh o`s o`s heza hezag` g`ss hemö hemökh khe` e`ss mh mhoo tc tcg` g`th th (Ght (Ghtao ao ph phft ftae aehs hsth thr` r`s` s` y  pcoak`o`fturce`s`.  pcoak`o`fturce` s`. Ho prcfhscs p`r` rh`oaz`r mafn` `ftavam`m hs ghma`eth ho Nct Brh`l  (>4->8´F) c Fcom Brh`l (88-94´F). @mhgàs sh hv`oú` gamahemc o` iouamhz mho iouamc he ue tahgpc mhthrgae`mc.

 Aoustr`faöe 6: Fcesastö Fcesastöghtrc ghtrc hsph hsphfa`o fa`o p`r` p p`st` `st` mh tcg`th. tcg`th.

 

]`bo` 2: Mhsake`faöe mh o` p`st` mh tcg`th. Trcmuftc

Fcetheamc gçeagc mh söoamcs 02%

Turá mh tcg`th shga-fcefhetr`mc Turá mh tcg`th fcefhetr`mc

0>%

T`st` mh tcg`th mcboh fcefhetr`m` T`st` mh tcg`th trapoh fcefhetr`m`

2>% 69%

T`st` mh tcg`th sáxtuboh fcefhetr`m`

88%

]`bo` 6: Rhquasatcs içsafcs, quçgafcs y gafrcbacoökafc

Hxtr`ftc shfc, oabrh mh s`o

Gae. 22%

Gae.29%

T`st` trapoh fcefhetr` m` Gae. 66%

V`o

G`x. 8%

G`x. 8%

G`x. 8%

Fcocr`eths, `rcg`taz`eths

@ushefa`

@ushefa`

@ushefa`

Fcetheamc mh pocgc

G`x. 2ppg

G`x. 2ppg

G`x. 2ppg

Fcetheamc mh fcbrh

G`x. 04ppg

G`x. 04ppg

G`x. 04ppg

Fcetheamc mh @rsáeafc

G`x. 4.0ppg

G`x. 4.0ppg

G`x. 4.0ppg

Fcetheamc mh hst`ðc

G`x. 044ppg

G`x. 044ppg

G`x. 044ppg

Fcetheamc mh gcncs

84%

84%

84%

G`x. 04%

G`x. 04%

G`x. 04%

6.9 ` =.=

6.9 ` =.=

6.9 ` =.=

Rhquasatcs

@famhz fcgc @f. Fçtrafc `enamrc %(p/ p)  pN

T`st` sagpoh

T`st` mcboh fcefhetr` m`

 

6.0. 6.0.66 ]apc ]apcss mh p`st` mh tcg tcg`th `th He o` `ftu`oam`m hxasthe mavhrs`s fo`shs mh p`st` mh tcg`th, phrc he iuefaöe mho tapc mh  prcfhsc, sh puhmhe puhmhe fo`saiaf` fo`saiaf`rr he mcs tapcs praef praefap`ohs ap`ohs Fcom Brh`l (Ruptur` he irac) Nct brh`l (Ruptur` he f`oaheth)  

O` praefap`o maihrhefa` hetrh hstcs mcs tapcs mh p`st`s hs o` thgphr`tur` he o` fu`o ocs tcg`th tcg `thss sce ae` ae`fta ftav`m v`mcs cs hezagà hezagàtaf taf`g `ghet hethh mur mur`et `ethh tcmc tcmc ho prcfh prcfhsc. sc. O` ueam`m ueam`mhs hs mh tr`t`g tr` t`gahe ahetc tc Nct y Fcom Fcom Brh`l Brh`l prcfh prcfhs`e s`e pur puráá mh tcg`th tcg`th c fcefhe fcefhetr` tr`mc mc mh tcg`th tcg`th,, k`r`etaz`emc o` mhs`ftav`faöe tct`o c p`rfa`o mh o` hezag` phftae`z`, p`r` phrgatar o`  prhshrv`faöe mh o` phftae` quh braem` ue` g`ycr fcesasthefa` `o prcmuftc (Khgae`Trcfhsc `oaghet`racs, V.O).

]`bo` =: Maihrhefa`s hetrh Nct y Fcom Brh`l  Nct Brh`l  Hs rhfcghem`boh p`r` prcmuftcs mh `ot`

Fcom Brh`l  Rhfcghem`boh Rhfcghem`b oh p`r` zugcs mh tcg`th y

vasfcsam`m fcgc s`os`s, látfnup, y ctrcs. Mhs`ftav` fcgpoht`gheth o` hezag`

s`os`s fce b`j` vasfcsam`m. Ho prcmuftc hs ghecs vasfcsc y fcetaheh

 phftae`z`, k`r`etaz`emc k`r`etaz`emc o` prhs prhshrv`faöe hrv`faöe

 pcf` f`etam`m mh phftae`, y` quh rcgphe

mh o` phftae`, ho fu`o aefrhghet` o`

ocs thjamcs mho tcg`th namrcoaz`emc o`s

fcesasthefa`

 phftae`s.

mho prcmuftc. O` thgphr`tur` mh mhs`ftav`faöe hst` hetrh ocs 14-1>.1´F

Ho tr`t`gahetc tárgafc mh ocs tcg`ths csfao` hetrh ocs 94-;4´F.

O` p`st` Fcom brh`l, usu`ogheth taheh ghjcr fcocr quh o` p`st` Nct brh`l y hs fcgúegheth us`m` p`r` f`sa tcmcs ocs prcmuftcs ` hxfhpfaöe mh ocs foaheths quh rhquahrhe ue` p`st` fce `ot` vasfcsam`m. @mhgàs o` ho Fcom brh`l rhtaheh hiaf`zgheth o` vat`gae` F.

 

 Aoustr`faöe =: T`st` Nct y Fcom Brh` Brh`l  l 

 

6.0.= 6.0 .= T`ut`s ` thehr he fuhet` he ho mhs`rrcooc mhs`rrcooc:: 

Fcrtc phrçcmc mh fu`j`mc y ueaicrgam`m he o` g`mur`faöe



@m`pt`faöe ` o` fcshfn` ghfàeaf` y g`eapuo`faöe ` kr`eho.



Irutcs fce `ushefa` mh faf`trafhs he ho hxtrhgc iocr`o y b`j` susfhptabaoam`m `o r`j`mc



Faf`trafhs phrphemafuo`rhs phquhð`s fce b`j` themhefa` ` p`rmh`r y fcrrhft` `bsfasaöe



Irutcs fcocr rcjc braoo`eth iàfaohs mh pho`r, ueaicrghs y fce ue phsc g`ycr ` 84k.



Irutcs fce fcetheamcs söoamcs scoubohs suphracrhs `o 8% y söoamcs aescoubohs suphracrhs ` 0%



»Hohv`m` `famhz 4,68-4,88% mh àfamc fçtrafc y pN b`jc?=.= y `otc fcetheamc mh vat`gae` F (5244 gk/Lk).



Irutcs fce buhe` rhsasthefa` ` ocs tr`t`gahetcs tárgafcs.



Hxakhefa`s foagàtaf`s mh fuotavc:

6.2 Vasthg` N@FFT he ho `shkur`gahetc `shkur`gahetc mh o` f`oam`m Ho sasthg` N@FFT phrgath amhetaiaf`r phoakrcs hsphfçiafcs y `poaf`r ghmam`s p`r` su fcetrco fce ho iae mh k`r`etaz`r o` aecfuam`m mh ocs `oaghetcs.

Traefapacs mho sasthg` mh N@FFT: 0. Rh`oaz Rh`oaz`r `r ue ue `eàoa `eàoasas sas mh phoa phoakr krcs. cs. Ho cbjhtavc hs amhetaiaf`r `ftavam`mhs c fcemafacehs quh puhm`e `ihft`r mràstaf`gheth `o prcmuftc y shohfface`r fu`ohs sce ehfhs`ra`s mh fcetrco`r. Tcr hooc sh mhbh rh`oaz`r  ue hx`ghe gaeufacsc p`r` mhthrgae`r quh ht`p` mh ho`bcr`faöe mho prcmuftc puhmh ar  g`o. Vh mhbh mhiaear quá hihftcs mh hscs phoakrcs aeiouyhe he ho fcesugamcr mho  prcmuftc iae`o. Ho `eàoasas mh phoakrc fcesasth he: 

Crk`eaz`r ue hquapc N@FFT



Mhiaear ho prcmuftc, su usc y ho`bcr`r su ioujc kr`g`



Amhetaiaf`r ocs phoakrcs aemavamu`ohs shkúe su `poaf`faöe `o usc mhstae`mc.



Mhthrgae`r quh phoakrcs mhbhe shr aefouamc he o` mhthrgae`faöe mh puetcs mh fcetrco frçtafc (TFF).

 

2. Amhe Amhetaiaf` taiaf`rr ocs puetcs puetcs mh fcetrco fcetrco y m mhthr hthrgae`r gae`r fuàoh fuàohss sce frçt frçtafcs afcs.. He praghr ouk`r sh mhbh s`bhr quá ghmam`s prhvhetav`s hxasthe y` he ho prcfhsc y fu`ohs ghmam`s prhvhetav`s euhv`s mhbhrç`e `poaf`rsh. T`r` hooc, sh mhs`rrcoo` ghmam`s  prhvhetav`s quh hstàe mashð`m`s p`r` hoagae`r c rhmufar ocs phoakrcs ` eavhohs `fhp `fhpt` t`bo bohs hs.. Xe Xe`` vhz vhz mhs` mhs`rr rrco coo` o`mc mc o`s o`s gh ghma mam` m`ss pr prhv hvhe heta tav` v`ss p` p`r` r` f` f`m` m` ph phoa oakr krc, c, amhetaiaf`mc he f`m` puetc fcetrco, sh utaoaz`r` ho àrbco mh mhfasacehs p`r` mhfamar sa hsh phoakrc rhsuot` frçtafc.

 

6. Hst`bo Hst`bohf hfhr hr ue ooçga çgath th c oagath oagathss frç frçtaf tafcs cs Ocs oçgaths frçtafcs sce tcohr`efa`s quh ec mhbhe shr hxfhmam`s pcr ue phoakrc quh hstà sahe sahemc mc fcet fcetrc rco` o`mc mc he ue TF TFF, F, pcr pcr oc t` t`et etcc mh mhbh bhee hs hst` t`rr mh mhet etrc rc mh oc ocss oç oçga gath thss  phrgatamcs mh oc fcetr`rac ho prcfhsc hst`rà iuhr` mh fcetrco y hxastarà ue phoakrc  pcthefa`o p`r` o` f`oam`m f`oam`m mho prcmuftc. prcmuftc. F`m` phoakrc amhetaiaf`mc mhbh prhshet`r ue oçgath frçtafc.

=. Hst`b Hst`bohfh ohfhrr prcfhm prcfhmagahe agahetcs tcs p`r` fcetrco` fcetrco`rr y gceatcrh gceatcrh`r `r f`m` pue puetc tc mh fcetrc fcetrcoo frçtafc. Hsth praefapac hs hshefa`o p`r` ockr`r ho áxatc mho sasthg` N@FFT. T`r` pcmhr  hst`bohfhr prcfhmagahetcs mh fcetrco, o`s prhkuet`s ‟Puá, Tcr quá, Fuàemc, Fögc, Mcemh y Puahe‗ mhbhe shr rhspcemam`s.

8. Hst`b Hst`bohfh ohfhrr o`s ghmam ghmam`s `s fcrr fcrrhftav hftav`s `s quh v`e ` `mc `mcpt`rs pt`rshh fu`em fu`emcc o` vakao` vakao`efa` efa` aemaf` quh ue mhthrgae`mc TTF ec hstà fcetrco`mc. T`r` f`m` phoakrc amhetaiaf`mc, sh mhbhe hst`bohfhr `ffacehs fcrrhftav`s, p`r` `poaf`r  fu`emc ocs oçgaths frçtafcs sh`e hxfhmamcs. Ec ehfhs`ra`gheth sh `poaf` p`r`  prcmuftcs quh y` hstàe prcfhs`mcs, prcfhs`mcs, saec p`r` prcmuftcs iuturcs. @mhgàs f`m` ghmam` `poaf`m` mhbh shr rhkastr`m` p`r` quh sarv` fcgc rhihrhefa` iutur`, y` quh sh puhmh gcmaiaf`r ho po`e mh ho`bcr`faöe.

9. Hst`b Hst`bohfh ohfhrr prcfhm prcfhmagahe agahetcs tcs mh fcgprcb`f fcgprcb`faöe aöe p`r` fc fceiarg eiarg`r `r quh ho sasth sasthg` g` mh N@FFT iueface` hiaf`zgheth. Vh puhmh rh`oaz`r ue guhstrhc `oh`tcrac y shð`o`r `o phrsce`o rhspces`boh mh vhraiaf`r  rutae`ra`gheth quh ho sasthg` N@FFT iueface` fcrrhft`gheth. Vh puhmhe n`fhr  cphr`facehs p`r` mhthrgae`r sa ocs TFF hstàe b`jc fcetrco c v`oam`m ocs oçgaths mh fcetrco hst`bohfamc hst`bohfamcs. s.

 

;. Hst`b Hst`bohfh ohfhrr ue sasthg sasthg`` mh mcfughet` mcfughet`faöe faöe scbrh scbrh tcmc tcmcss ocs prcf prcfhmag hmagahetc ahetcss y ocs rhkastrcs `prcpa`mcs ` ocs praefapacs N@FFT y su `poaf`faöe. T`r` `poaf`r ho prckr`g` N@FFT hs pragcrma`o fcet`r fce ue sasthg` mh rhkastrc hiafaheth, he ho quh sh mcfughet` tcmcs ocs prcfhmagahetcs mho prckr`g`. Vce fcgc ue` s`ov`ku`rma` p`r` `quhoocs p`scs mho prcfhs`gahetc quh sce fcesamhr`mcs fcgc Tuetcs mh Fcetrco Frçtafc. Ocs rhkastrcs puhmhe fcethehr: c

Rhspces`baoam`mhs Rhspces`b aoam`mhs mho hquapc N@FFT.

c

Gcmaiaf`facehss aetrcmufam`s `o prckr`g` N@FFT. Gcmaiaf`faceh

c

Mhsfrapfaöe mho prcmuftc ` oc o`rkc mho prcfhsc.

c

Xsc mho prcmuftc.

c

Ma`kr`g` mh ioujc fce TFF aemaf`mc.

c c

Thoakrcs y ghmam`s prhvhetav`s p`r` f`m` TFF @ffacehs fcrrhftav`s.

=. Mhs`rrcooc

Cbjhtavc Oohv`r ` f`bc o` ho`bcr`faöe mh o` s`os` mh tcg`th @of`efh Ho aestruftavc fcgprhemh o`s `ftavam`mhs quh rh`oaz` ue `ougec p`r` mhthrgae`r o` f`oam`m mho prcmuftc. 0.

Rhspces`baoam`mhKrupc s Hjhfut`: mh hstuma`eths Vuphrvas`: Aekheahrc O`urhefh Fccrmae`: Aekheahrc O`urhefh

2.

Hquapcs mh prcthffaöe phrsce`o @ethcjcs mh shkuram`m. Rcp` mh shkuram`m. Z`p`tc mh shkuram`m. Ku`eths mh Tcoaprcpaohec Fubrh bcf`s Hquapcs / nhrr`gahet` t`ss / g`thra`ohs     

6.

 

          

=.

 pN-ghtrc @utcfo`vh ]ratur`mcr` 2 ir`sfcs fce t`p`s p`r` o` s`os` mh tcg`th Fufnaoocs

Rh`ftavcs h aesugcs    

8.

B`o`ez` Makat`o, Vhesabaoam`m 74,0 gk. Hspàtuo` To`efn` mh F`ohet`gahetc: ]NHRGCOQEH - 2244. Y`sc prhfapat`mc mh 0444 go. Trcbht` mh 0444go ]hrgöghtrc

Àfamc fçtrafc Bhezc`tc mh scmac ]cg`ths g`murcs V`o

Trcfhmagahetc

He ho o`bcr`tcrac sh ho`bcrö o` s`os` mh tcg`th tr`t`emc hguo`r o`s cphr`facehs y fcemafacehs quh sh prcmufarç`e ` hsf`o` aemustra`o. T`r` o` ho`bcr`faöe mh o` s`os` y ue` ghjcr fcgprhsaöe sh mavamarà he = ht`p`s: Hsf`om`mc y mhsphpat`mc  @ eavho mho o`bcr`tcrac o`bcr`tcrac hstc sh oohvö `f`bc mh mh o` sakuaheth sakuaheth g`ehr` 0. He ue rhfapaheth sh ooheö `ku` y hsth sh oohvö ` o` po`efn` mh f`ohet`gahetc. N`st` `of`ez`r ue` thgphr`tur` mh 94 ‖ 98 ´F

 

2. Vh `krhkö 09>4 k mh tcg`th y sh mhjö rhpcs`r ; gaeutcs g`etheahemc o` thgphr`tur` fcest`eth. 6. Vh rhtarö ocs tcg`ths t cg`ths mho rhfapaheth h aeghma`t`gheth aeghma`t`gheth sh p`sö fce `buem`eth `ku` irç`.

Aeghma`t`gheth sh gcströ r`j`mur`s he o` paho mh ocs tcg`ths, mh ocs fu`ohs sh phoc =. Aeghma`t`gheth iàfaogheth. He ho fu`o quhmc 0=12 k

8.  @ fcetaeu`faöe, fcetaeu`faöe, sh prcfhmaö ` fcrt`r fcrt`r ocs tcg`ths y g`eu`oghe g`eu`ogheth th ` rhtar`r o`s php`s. php`s. He hst` ht`p` quhmc 04== k ]ratur`mc 0. He hst` ht`p` sh oohvö `f`bc ho oafu`mc mur`eth 8 gaeutcs ` gàxag` pcthefa`. O` fu`o tuvc ue` mhesam`m mh 4.>1> k/go Fcefhetr`mc He hst` ht`p` sh hoagaeö `ku` ghma`eth ue` mhstao`faöe `o v`fçc y `sç cbthehr ocs kr`mcs Brax 0. Vh `krhkö `krhkö 942 k mh o` o` s`os` s`os` he ho b`oöe b`oöe y ouhkc ouhkc sh `rg` ho rhsph rhsphftavc ftavc sasth sasthg` g` mh mhstao`mc `o v`fçc fcehft`emc ` o` bcgb`. O` mhesam`m aeafa`o iuh mh 4.>=> k/go 2. Vh hefahemh hefahemh ho sasthg sasthg` ` mh mhstao`mc mhstao`mc y fce `yum` `yum` mh ue thrgöghtrc thrgöghtrc sh g`etah g`etaheh eh o` thgphr`tur` ghecr ` ocs 14´F y ` ue` prhsaöe mh 4.; b`r mur`eth 0 ncr` y ghma`.

 

6. Mhspuás mh mh hsth tahgpc sh cbtuvc =>1,028 =>1,028 k, ho fu`o sh gamc o` mhesam`m mhesam`m quh iuh mh 0.42= k/go =. Iae`oghe Iae`ogheth th sh `krhk` `krhk` 8 k mh s`o (0% (0% mh phsc), phsc), 06 k mh `zúf`r `zúf`r (2.;% (2.;% mh phsc), phsc), Bhezc`tc mh scmac 8 k (4.9% mh phsc) y sh `krhkö 8k mh àfamc fçtrafc maouamc prhva`gheth he ue` scoufaöe. N`st` g`ethehr ue pN mh =.8

T`sthuraz`mc Trhva`gheth Trhva`ghe th sh f`oahet` he ue rhfapaheth `ku` he ue` po`efn` mh f`ohet`gahetc f`ohet`gahetc 0. He hst` ht`p` ht`p` sh f`oah f`oahet` et` ho `ku` `ku` n`st` ue` ue` thgphr` thgphr`tur` tur` 04 04= = ´F y sh fcocf` fcocf` ho rhfapaheth hsthraoaz`mc hsthraoaz`mc juetc fce o` s`os` y` fhrr`mc mur`eth 8 gaeutcs. 2. Vh rhtar` rhtar` ho rhfapahet rhfapaheth h aeghma`t` aeghma`t`gheth gheth y sh heirç` heirç` fce `ku`. `ku`. N`st` oohk`r oohk`r ` ue` thgphr`tur` mh =4 ´F

 

Ctrc Hes`ycs Truhb` b`rthracocka` he ghmac GfFcelhy

Fcgc sh guhstr` he o` ictc, ho praghr hes`yc b`fthracoökafc prhp`r`mc p`r` o` praghr` guhstr`.

Rhsuot`mc mh o` pruhb` ` 8 ma`s mho fuotavc.

 

Ma`kr`g` mh ioujc p`r` ho`bcr`r p`st` mh tcg`th





Vhohffaöe mh g`thra` prag`: Vh shohfface`e ocs tcg`ths g`murcs (rcjcs) fce o` puop` iargh y sae r`strcs mh pcmrhmugbrh. O`v`mc: Ocs tcg`ths mhbhe o`v`rsh fce `ku` focr`m` p`r` hoagae`r o` sufahm`m, rhstcs mh phstafam`s y gafrccrk`easgc gafrccrk`easgcss suphriafa`ohs.



Hsf`om`mc: Ocs tcg`ths sh fcocf`e he `ku` oagpa` y sh f`oahet`e ` 94-98´F mur`eth 8 gaeutcs. Hsth prcfhsc sarvh p`r` mhstruar o`s hezag`s rhspces`bohs mh o`s pármam`s mh fcocr y `mhgàs phrgath ue pho`mc gàs ràpamc mh ocs tcg`ths.





]rcz`mc y mhspuop`mc: Vh fcrt`e ocs tcg`ths fce fufnaoocs, prhva`gheth o`v`mcs fce mhthrkheth. Hsth prcfhsc sarvh p`r` quat`r o`s shgaoo`s mh ocs tcg`ths. ]ratur`faöe: Vh rh`oaz` fce ho iae mh masgaeuar ho t`g`ðc mh p`rtçfuo` mh o` g`thra`  prag` ` ue t`g`ðc t`g`ðc `prcpa`mc p` p`r` r` su buhe` f` f`oam`m. oam`m.

 



Fcefhetr`faöe: Hst` ht`p` sh rh`oaz` fce ho iae mh masgaeuar o` f`etam`m mh `ku`, p`r` hooc sh f`oaheth o` p`st` ` 18



F`ohet`gahetc: O` puop` mh tcg`th sh fcfae` pcr 64 ` =8gae ` ue` thgphr`tur` hetrh 14- 1>´F. O` ghzfo` sh `kat` su`vh y fcest`ethgheth fce ue` v`raoo` mh vamrac. Ho tahgpc mh fcffaöe hst`rà mhthrgae`r pcr o` fcefhetr`faöe iae`o hetrh 28 y 64´brax. @mhgàs, hsth prcfhsc sh rh`oaz` p`r` ae`ftav`r o` hezag` phftae`z` y cbthehr ue` g`ycr  vasfcsam`m he o` puop`. He hst` ht`p` sh `krhk` s`o he ue` prcpcrfaöe mh 2% fce rho`faöe `o phsc mh o` puop`. ]`gbaáe sh `krhk` ocs fcemaghetcs t`ohs fcgc, `jc, crák`ec y ho rh`ftavc àfamc fçtrafc  p`r` eavho`r ` ue pN öptagc.



Hev`s`mc: Ho hev`sh sh rh`oaz` he ir`sfcs mh vamrac prhva`gheth hsthraoaz`mcs. O` s`os` mh tcg`th sh fcocf` ` ue` thgphr`tur` gçeag` mh >8´F y p`r` hvat`r quh quhmhe  burbuj`s mh `arh he ho hev`sh sh kcoph` fu fuam`mcs`gheth am`mcs`gheth..



]r`t`gahetc tárgafc/hsthraoaz`f tárgafc/hsthraoaz`faöe aöe: Hst sthh prc rcffhsc sh rh rh``oa oaz` z` p`r `r`` hoa oaga gae` e`rr oc ocss gafrcrk`easgcs quh puhm`e n`bhr scbrhvavamc ` o`s thgphr`tur`s mho prcfhsc y mh hst` g`ehr` k`r`etaz`r o` vam` útao mho prcmuftc. F`ohet`r ocs hev`shs ` 18´F pcr 04 gaeutcs.



Heira`gahetc mho rhfapaheth y mho fcetheamc : Ocs hev`shs mh heirç`e n`st` `of`ez`r o` thgphr`tur` `gbaheth. He ue rhfapaheth sh fcocf` `ku` taba` p`r` hvat`r ue fncquh tárgafc, phrc ouhkc sh `krhk` `ku` gàs irç` n`st` `of`ez`r o` thgphr`tur` `gbaheth.

 

9.

Fcetrco mh f`oam`m

Rhquasatcs mh g`murhz (FCMH^ V]@E 216-244>) 

Ocs tcg`ths mhbhe hst`r suiafahethgheth mhs`rrcoo`mcs y gcstr`r ue` g`murhz



s`tasi`ftcra`. Ho mhs`rrcooc y ho hst`mc mh g`murhz mh ocs tcg`ths mhbh shr t`o quh ohs phrgat` fcetaeu`r su prcfhsc mh g`mur`faöe y p`r` `of`ez`r ho kr`mc `prcpa`mc mh g`murhz.

He o` g`thra` prag`: Ocs tcg`ths mhbhe shr irhsfcs, fcgpoht`gheth rcjcs y s`ecs.

He ho prcfhsc: Ocs tr`t`gahetcs mh fcffaöe y mh p`sthuraz`mc sh mhbhe hihftu`r fce ho tahgpc y thgphr`tur`s ehfhs`ra`s p`r` ho hsphscr mhsh`mc.

He ho prcmuftc iae`o Mhbh fnhquh`rsh o` thxtur`, ho fcocr, ho s`bcr, ho cocr, ho kr`mc mh fcefhetr`faöe (´Brax). @mhgàs mho shooc y ho fcetheamc mh o` bcthoo`.

@sphftcs mh fcghrfa`oaz`faöe: Maspcsafacehs rho`tav`s ` o` prhshet`faöe 0. Nc Ncgc gckkheham eham``m Ho fcetheamc mh f`m` p`quhth mhbh shr ueaicrgh y fcethehr scoc tcg`ths mho gasgc crakhe, v`rahm`m c tapc fcghrfa`o, f`oam`m y t`g`ðc (sa hs mh t`g`ðc). O` g`murhz y ho fcocr mh ocs tcg`ths he fo`shs "Hxtr`" y Fo`sh A mhbhe shr pràftaf`gheth pràftaf`gheth ueaicrghs. @mhgàs, o` ocekatum mh ocs tcg`ths "cbocekcs" mhbh shr oc suiafahethgheth ueaicrgh.

2. Hev`s`mc Ocs tcg`ths mhbhe hgp`f`rsh mh g`ehr` quh sh prcthj` ho prcmuftc `mhfu`m`gheth. Ocs g`thra`ohs us`mcs he ho aethracr, oagpac y mh ue` f`oam`m t`o quh hvath f`us`r m`ðcs hxthrecs c aethrecs he ho prcmuftc. Vh phrgath ho usc mh g`thra`ohs, hsphfa`ogheth mh p`pho c shoocs fce

 

hsphfaiaf`facehs fcghrfa`ohs, sahgprh quh o` agprhsaöe c ho htaquht`mc sh n`y` rh`oaz`mc fce taet` c fcocamh ec töxafc. Ocs tcg`ths mhbhe hgp`f`rsh he f`m` fcethehmcr mh `fuhrmc fce ho Fömakc Aethre`face`o Rhfcghem`mc Rhfcghem` mc mh pràftaf`s p`r` ho hev`s`mc y tr`espcrth mh irut`s y ncrt`oaz`s irhsf`s (F@F / RFT ==-0118).

6. Nakaheh Vh rhfcgahem` quh ho prcmuftc hstá prhp`r`mc y g`eapuo`mc mh `fuhrmc fce o`s shffacehs `prcpa`m`s mho Fömakc mh Tràftaf` Aethre`face`o Rhfcghem`mc ‖ Khehr`o, Traefapacs mh Nakaheh mh ocs @oaghetcs (F@F / RFT 0-0191), Fömakc mh Tràftaf`s mh Nakaheh p`r` Irut`s y *Ncrt`oaz`s Irhsf`s (F@F / RFT 86-2446) y ctrcs thxtcs phrtaeheths mho Fcmhx, fcgc ocs Fömakcs mh pràftaf`s mh nakaheh y ocs Fömakcs mh pràftaf`s. Ho prcmuftc mhbh fugpoar fce fu`oquahr frathrac gafrcbacoökafc hst`bohfamc mh `fuhrmc fce ocs praefapacs p`r` ho hst`bohfagahetc y o` `poaf`faöe mh frathracs gafrcbacoökafcs p`r` ocs `oaghetcs (F@F / KO 20-011;).

;.

@e @eào àoas asas as m mhh ocs ocs p pho hoak akrc rcss h aamh mhet etai aiaf af`f `faö aöe e mh ocs ocs TF TFF F (p (pue uetc tc ffrç rçta tafc fc m mhh fc fcet etrc rco) o).. ]`bo` 8: Amhetaiaf`faöe mh ocs TTF (puetc frçtafc mh fcetrco).

Ht`p`s mho

@eàoasas mh phoakrcs

Justaiaquh

³Hsth

prcfhs c

phoakrc hs

su

sakeaiaf`tav

mhfasaöe

c p`r` o`

Ghmam` mh

³H

fcetrco mh

st`

ocs

ht`

phoakrcs

p`

aecfuam`m

hs

mho

ue

`oaghet c3

TF F3

Bacoökafc:

Ocs tcg`ths oohk`e

@poaf`r 

Fcet`gae`faöe

` ocs ghrf`mcs fce

ghmam`s

gafrcbacoökaf`

`ot`

`mhfu`m`s mh

f`rk`

gafrcba`e`, y` quh

oagpahz`

y

Rhfhpfa

quh prcvaheh mho

hstàe hstàe hxpuhs hxpuhstcs tcs `

mhsaeihffaöe.

öe y

`ku` c mho

o`

fcet`g fcet`gae` ae`faö faöee

@mhgàs

gafrcbacoök gafrc bacoökaf` af` mho

rh`oaz`r

ue

`ku` mh rahkc y o`

fcet fcetrc rcoo

n`fa n`fa``

tahrr`. @mhgàs ocs

ocs prcvhhmcrhs

`krafuotcrhs utaoaz`e po`kuafam`s

mh g`thra`  prag`, p`r` quh

 phrsce`o.  phs`mc

Va

Içsafc:

mh ]ahrr`, gcsf`s, g`thra`  prag`

 phoc. Puçgafc:

Rhstcs

 E c

 

mh

po`kuafam`s

`poaf`m`s f`gpc

he

ho

he

ho

fuotavc tcg`ths.

 braemhe tcg`ths mh

ocs

irhsfcs y g`murcs.

 

Bacoökafc:

Ocs fcet`g fcet`gae` ae`eth eth

O`v`r

Fcet`gae`faöe

 puhmhe

cf`sace`r 

`mhfu`m`gheth

gafrcbacoökaf`

qu quhh ho tc tcg` g`th th sh

ocs tcg`ths fce

m`ðh y fce hoo` o`s

`ku` focr`m`.

 prcpahm`mhs

Vhohfface` Vhohf face`rr ocs

Oagpah

quh prcvaheh mho

z` y

f`gpc Içsafc:

mhsaeihff aö e

]ahrr`, phocs, gcsf`s.

Va

Va

tcg`ths s`ecs y g` g`mu murc rcs, s, y sh rhtar`e ocs

mho tcg`th

Puçgafc: Rhstcs mh

tcg`ths

 po`kuafam`s

m`ð`mcs.

Bacoökafc: Fcet`gae`faöe gafrcbacoökaf`

Hsf`om`m c

tcg`ths

Hs

y

fcetrco`r ho tahgpc

mhbhe

y o` th thgp gphr hr`t `tur` ur`,,

sugh sughrk rkar arsh sh he

 p`r` ae`ftav`r o`

`ku` `ku` oa oagp gpa` a` y

o`s  hezag`s.

hezag` rhsp rhspce ces` s`bo bohh

f`ohet`m` (18´F), mur`eth

Içsafc: Ec  Ec prhshet` Içsafc:

fcocr mh o` p`st` mh

Puçgafc: Puçgafc: Ec  Ec

tcg`th.

`ftavam`m gafrcba`e`

Va

mh

ehfhs`rac

Ocs

mho `ku`

mho mho

Va

8 gaeutcs

 prhshet` Bacoökafc: Ocs tcg`th Tcsaboh ]rcz`mc

fcet`gae`faöe

y

mhbamc ` o` i`ot` mh

mhspuop`

oagpahz` mh ocs

iuhrce Va

O`v`r fcrrhft`gheth

o`v`mcs

ocs uthesaoacs

fcrrhft`gheth,

mhsaeihft`r

 pcr hemh

y  Ec

us`emc

hquapcs y ho ghmac mc

]ratur`fa öe

`gbaheth Içsafc:

o` fcet`gae`fa

Thoc.

öe

Puçgafc: Ec  Ec Puçgafc:  prhshet` Bacoökafc:

masgaeuyh.

mhthrkheth.

Ocs fcet`gae`e fcet`gae`eths ths

Rh`oaz`r

Tcsaboh

 puhmhe rhmufar c

g`etheagahetc

fcet`gae`faöe pcr

hoagae`r 

mh ocs hquapcs.

ocs uthesaoacs,

O`v`r o`s

fcrrhft`gheth

`gbaheth Içsafc:

 prcpahm`mhs

ocs uthesaoacs

 Ec prhshet` Puçgafc: Puçgafc: Ec  Ec

mho tcg`th tcg`th mhbamc mhbamc

 prhshet`

` o` i`ot`

hquapcs y ghmac

Va

Va

 

mh g`etheagahetc Bacoökafc: Tcsaboh fcet`gae`f fcet` gae`faöe aöe pcr  ocs

.

uthesaoacs,

hq hqua uapc pcss y ghma ghmacc `gbaheth Içsafc: Ec  Ec prhshet` Içsafc:

Va

 

Fcefhetr  `f

Puçgafc: Ec  Ec Puçgafc:  prhshet`

aöe Bacoökafc:

F`ohet` gah etc

Vh

mhbh

cphr`r 

fcrrhft`gheth p`r`

Oagpa`r

Tcsaboh

ae`ftav`r o` hezag`

fcrrhft`gheth

fcet`gae`faöe pcr

 phftae`z`

fce `ku`

Va

ocs uthesaoacs, hquapcs y ghmac

quh

mhkr`m`

o`

focr`m`, ocs uthesaoacs

`gbaheth Içsafc:

 phftae`

 Ec prhshet`

(rhspces` (rhsp ces`boh boh mh o`

Puçgafc: Ec  Ec Puçgafc:

vasfcs vasfcsam` am`mm

 prhshet`

s`os`

y

V a

fcetrco`r  mh o`

ho tahgpc

mh tcg`th).

mh f`ohet`gahetcs

Bacoökafc: Hs

Hev`s`m c

ehfhs`rac

Ho hev`sh mhbh

Tcsaboh

hev`s`r o` s`os` mh

rh`oaz`rsh

fcet`gae`faöe pcr ocs uthesaoacs y

tcg`th he f`oaheth (>8´F) p`r` su

ir`sfcs  prhva`gheth

Va

cphr`racs Içsafc:

he V a

hsthraoaz`mcs.  pcsthracr 

Thocs Puçgafc:

hsthraoaz`faöe.

 Ec  prhshet`. Bacoökafc: Vuphrvavhefa` gafrccrk`easgcs  p`tökhecs Hsthraoaz

c

pcr 

tr`t`gahetc tárgafc Içsafc: Ec Içsafc: Ec

tárgafc

hoagae`r  Va

mho

y

tahgpc

ocs gafrccrk`easgcs quh

ho

 prcfhsc

 p`r`

o` mhiafahefa`

`m

Fcetrco`r

 Ehfhs`rac

mh

puhm`e

 prhshet` Puçgafc:

n`bhrr scbrhvavamc n`bh scbrhvavamc,,

 Ec prhshet`

mhspuás

mho

 prcfhsc

mh

f`ohet`gahetc

hgpoh` hgp oh`mc. mc. Ocs hev`s hev `shs hs tah tahehe ehe quh

hst`r  

fcocf`mcr

`

18´F pcr 04 gaeutcs `prcxag`m`gh eth.

Bacoökafc: Tcsaboh fcet`gae`f fcet` gae`faöe aöe pcr 

Ho

ho

mh heira`gahe heira `gahetc tc mhbh

`ku`

mh

he heir ira` a`ga gahe hetc tc c ho

hst`r

`ku`

Heira`r 

he

ocs tcg`ths fce

V a

 

Va

`gbaheth Içsafc: Ec Içsafc: Ec prhshet` Heira`ga he

tc

Puçgafc:  prhshet`

 Ec

`ku` taba` (08-

fcemafacehs öptag`s y `sáptaf`s (oab (oabrh rhss mh `ok okúe úe tapc aeihffaöe

mh c

fcet`gae`faöe

0>´F)

n`st`

thgphr`tur` `gbaheth

V a

 

Bacoökafc:

@og`fh @og `fhe`r e`r ocs

Tcsaboh frhfagahetc

mh

gafrccrk`easgcs

@og`fhe `m

c

mh

tcg`th

he

ouk`rhs ouk`r hs irhsfcs irhsfcs

(gcncs) pcr i`oo`s he o` o`th thgp gphr hr``tur` tur`

ir`sfcs

mh

Va

rhirakhr`faöe Içsafc: Ec  Ec prhshet` Içsafc:

O` nu nugh ghm` m`mm mho mho

y

`gbaheth

nughm`m,

 puhmh

cf`sace`r 

f ce

b`j`  E c

mhetrc mh f`j`s. F`sc

quh ho prcmuftc sh

Puçgafc: Puçgafc: Ec  Ec  prhshet`

g`ockrh

fcetr`rac fcocf`r he ue` rhirakhr`mcr` n`st` mastrabufaöe

8.

Rhsuot`mcs ]`bo` 9: F`etam`m utaoaz`m` p`r` ho`bcr`r o` s`os` mh tcg`th. V`os` mh tcg`th(aesugcs)

F`etam`m( k)

T`st` mh tcg`th

09>4 k

@zúf`r

06

Àfamc fçtrafc(Rhkuo`mcr  mh `famhz) V`o

8

Bhezc`tc mh Vcmac(Fceshrv`eth) TN

8 =.8

´ Brax

60

8

su

 

B`o`efh mh g`thra` ` eavho o`bcr`tcrac mh o` s`os` mh tcg`th fce hsphfa`s Hetr`m` Cphr`faöe/Trcfhsc

V`oam`

    7  + 

    7 =12 + 2> k 7 824 k á 7 (k    − k    ∛ 44 k   

á 7

(824k − ∛ 44 =>1.28k)  824k

á 7 8.16%

Rhemagahetc he ho prcfhsc mh cbthefaöe mh p`st` mh tcg`th: (k   ) k   

 7

 7

(=>1.28 k    ) 824 k

∛ 44

∛ 44

.

 7

Kr`mc Brax 64 - 62 Amh`o Vh us` o` sakuaheth iörguo`, us`emc ocs kr`mcs brax p`r` cbthehr o` mhesam`m. O` fu`o hs ghmam` mhspuás mho prcfhsc mh fcefhetr`faöe, hs mhfar phrmam` mh `ku`. Icrguo` pcr `prcxag`faöe: `prcxag`faöe:        

28>.9 − (

+  7    /

)∛ 22;.

28>.2

Rhgpo`z`emc ho v`ocr mh 60 kr`mcs Brax sh cbtaheh o` mhesam`m 6 6

28>.9 − (    ) ∛ 28>.2

22;.

     6=  / .

+

7



 

O` mhesam`m cbtheam` iuh mh 0.42= k/go

 

28>.9 − (

  

28>.2) ∛ 22;.

+  7  42=  / .

 

Fàofuocs thrgcmaeàgafcs ` eavho aemustra`o 0) Mh `fuhrmc `fuhrmc fce ho ho ma`kr`g` ma`kr`g` mh o` prcmuff prcmuffaöe aöe mh p`st` p`st` mh tcg`th tcg`th mhthrgae` mhthrgae`r  r  `) G`s` mh v`pcr v`pcr tct`o tct`o he ob/n sa sa o` f`omhr` f`omhr` tr`b`j` tr`b`j` ` 06 psa

Ṁ

v`pcr tct`o

7 Ṁ fcfae`mc + Ṁ fcefhetr`faöe + Ṁ tr`t`gahetc tárgafc +Ṁ p`sthuraz`mc

28´F

94´F Fcfae`mc

6444 lk/n

N2C (o,044´F)

T7 06 psa

gv= N oaquamc 7 044 Lf`o/Lk

nk7 96>.48 Lf`o/Lk

q k`e` p`st` 7 q pahrmh N24 6444 lk/n x 4.18 f`o/kx´F x (94-28)´F 7 Ṁ x (ni (ni-nk) 11;84 Lf`o/n 7 Ṁ (96>.48-044) Lf`o/lk Ṁv=7 0>8.61 lk/n >8´F

94´F Fcefhetr`faöe 6444

N2C (o,044´F)

gv6

T7 06 psa

N oaquamc 7 044 Lf`o/Lk

nk7 96>.48 Lf`o/Lk

q K`e` p`st` 7 q pahrmh N24

6444 lk/n x 4.18 f`o/kx´F x (>8-94)´F 7 Ṁ x (ni (ni-nk) 61944 Lf`o/n 7 Ṁ (96>.48-044) Lf`o/lk Ṁv67 062.=2 lk/n >8´

14´F ]r`t`gahetc ]árgafc

gv

N2C (o,044´F)

T7 06 psa

2

N oaquamc 7 044 Lf`o/Lk q

nk7 96>.48 Lf`o/Lk K`e` p`st` 7 q pahrmh N24

 

6444 lk/n x 4.18 f`o/kx´F x (14->8)´F 7 Ṁ x (ni (ni-nk) 61944 Lf`o/n 7 Ṁ (96>.48-044) Lf`o/lk Ṁv27 29.=> lk/n

 

14´F

04=´ T`sthuraz`faöe

T7 06 psa

gv2

N2C (o,044´F)

nk7 96>.48 Lf`o/Lk

N oaquamc 7 044 Lf`o/Lk

q k`e` p`st` 7 q pahrmh N24 6444 lk/n x 4.18f`o/kx´F x (04=-14)´F 7 Ṁ x (ni-nk) 61144 Lf`o/n 7 Ṁ (96>.48-044) Lf`o/lk Ṁv27 ;=.08 lk/n

Ṁ

v`pcr tct`o

7 Ṁ fcfae`mc + Ṁ fcefhetr`faöe + Ṁtr`t`gahetc tárgafc +Ṁ p`sthuraz`mc

Ṁ

v`pcr tct`o 7

0>8.61 + 062.=8 + 29.=> + ;=.08

Ṁ

v`pcr tct`o 7

=0>.=; lk/n x 2.2 ob/Lk 7 124,96= ob/n

N`oo`r o` pcthefa` mh o` f`omhr`:

Tcthefa` 7 Ṁ

v`pcr tct`o

 

x

6= 8  /℅ .

Tcthefa` 7 124,96= ob/n x

 

6= 8  /℅

7 29.9> Np

.

]`equh mh `og`fhe`gahetc mh ocs tcg`ths

7 =0>.=; lk/n

 

]`bo` ;: Y`ra`bohs mho t`equh Maàghtrc

@otur` faoaemrc 2.8 g

0.; g

@otur` mh fcec 4.>g

 Y F 7 .  2. N

Ycoughe Faoaemrc 7 8.9; g6   Y bz 7

. . 2.   

6

7  Y  Y  bz  bz

 l  ö 7 Y  + 2 Y bz  Y l  ö 7 8.9; 6 + 2(4.96) Y   l   ö 7 9 >16 .

Tcr g`rkhe mh shkuram`m - 08%: ;.12g6

O` s`os` mh tcg`th prhvac `o fcefhetr`mc farfuo` pcr ue` tubhrç` mh =4 g mh ocekatum y >‗ mh maàghtrc, sa ho v`ocr mh o` kr`vhm`m sh supceh mh 1,>0 g/s2. F`ofuoh o` pármam` pcr iraffaöe. M`tcs:

@FFHVCRAC

F@E]AM@M

Fcmcs mh r`mac o`rkc ` 14´

0

Yàovuo` mh rhthefaöe mh bco`s

0

Oo`vh mh fcgpuhrt` tct`ogheth `bahrt` (s`oam`)

0

0,>82

 P nt  04, 9;     

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 Oh    F 

 

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Fchi. mh N`zhe-[aooa`gs mho `fhrc k`ov`eaz`mc: 024 ni7 04,9;*(4.46;6g6/s 04,9;*(4.46;6g6/s /024) / 024) U0,>82*((=.6+64.8+;.6)g/ 4.2462gU=.>;) ni7 4.6698 



O` s`os` mh tcg`th sh fcgpcrt` fcgc iouamcs ec-ehwtcea`e ec-ehwtcea`ecs, cs, mh tapc Tshumcpoàstafc, y` quh `o `ughet`r o` vhocfam`m mh karc sh prcmufh ue` masgaeufaöe he o` vasfcsam`m `p`rheth. He o` s`os` mh tcg`th sh `prhfaö ue` rho`faöe pcthefa`o hetrh o` fcefhetr`faöe(ºBx) y o` vasfcsam`m `p`rheth, pcr oc t`etc, ` g`ycr fcefhetr`faöe g`ycr vasfcsam` vasfcsam`m m

08 >4 TVA

0 psa  4, ;4=g 0pu ok Nk  4, 6=9g 

ME ="08‗

4.9g 4.>

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-04 "Nk

 k

P

 1,>0g/s

2

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4.46;6g6/s 28O/s

ME 9"0>‗

 ΝN7 4.9g

(v22   v20 )  N      N    ( T 2    T  T 0 )   2 k 

T27 08TVA*4.;4=g/0TVA7 04,89g T07 -04puok.*4.6=9g/0puok.7 -6.=9g  ΝT7 04.89-(-6.=9g)7 0=.42g Vh s`bh: P7 (6444 Lk/ n-0>.;8%*6444Lk )*0O/0.41Lk *0n/94s*0g6/0444O7 4.46;6g6/s M. hetr`m`: 0>puok.*2.8=fg/0puok.*0g/044fg74.=8 0>puok.*2.8=fg/0puok.*0g/044fg74.=8;2 ;2 g M. s`oam`: 08puok.*2.8=fg/0puok.*0g/044fg74.6> 08puok.*2.8=fg/0puok.*0g/044fg74.6>0 0g F`ofuo`emc o`s vhocfam`mhs: P7Y*@ Y07 (4.46;6g6/s)/( τ /=)* 4.=8;2 g27 4.04g/s Y27 (4.46;6g6/s)/( τ /=)* 4.6>0g27 4.06g/s Iae`ogheth: N7 4.9g + 0=.42g + ((4.06g/s)U2-(4.04g/s)U2)/2*1.>0g/s2 ((4.06g/s)U2-(4.04g/s)U2)/2*1.>0g/s2 7 0=,92 g

 

]`bo` >: To`e N@FFT p`r` o` s`os` mh tcg`th.

Ht`p` mho prcfhsc TFF

Thoakrc sakeaiaf`ta vc amhetaiaf` mc

Oagaths frçtafcs p`r` f`m` rahskc amhetaiaf` mc

Trcfhmagahetc mh gceatcrhc

Puh

Fcgc

Irhfuhefa` F`m` ghma` ncr` he o` s`oam` mh ocs t`equhs mh focr`faöe

Ho oçgath O`v`mc y mhsaeihffa öe

Hsf`om`mc

]ratur`faöe

Vuphrvavhefa` mh gafrccrk`easg cs

@ftavam`m gafrcba`e` mh o`s hezag`s

gàxagc mh focrc hs mh 284ppg y ho  pN mhbh shr  mh 9-;

@eàoasas mh focrc y pN mho `ku` mh o`v`mc

hquapc mh ghmafaöe mh focrc y  pN

Ocs tcg`ths sh sughrkhe he `ku` oagpa` y sh f`oahet`e ` 14-18´F pcr  8 gae.

F`ohet`r  pcr ho tahgpc hstag`m c

Yhraiaf`r fce ho thrgöghtrc o` thgphr`tur`

Tcsaboh fcet`gae`faöe  pcr ocs

Ocs tcg`ths sh tratur`e he uthesaoacs

uthesaoacs

 prhva`gheth

]ratur`r  ho tcg`th vhraiaf`e mc o`s fcemafac ehs mho

Hquapcs mh g`etheagah etc 21

He f`m` ht`p` mho  prcfhsc

Ghesu`ogh eth

@ffaö e fcrrhfta v`

Rhkastrc s

Yhraiaf`faö e

Rhkastrcs mh mhsaeihffa öe mh ocs tcg`th

Yhraiaf`r  phraömaf`g het h ocs rhkastrcs

Mht`oo`r  o`s fcemafac ehs mho  prcfhsc

Yhraiaf`r  phraömaf`g het h ocs rhkastrcs

Rhspces`bo h Cphr`mcr  hef`rk`mc mh mafn` àrh`

Cphr`mcr  hef`rk`mc mh mafn` àrh`

Xs`r o`s fcefhetr`fa ce hs mh focrc  phrgatamc y fcetrco`r ho tahgpc mh o`v` mc Mhthehr  ho  prcfhsc mh hsf`om`m cy rhphtar 

Cphr`mcr  hef`rk`mc mh mafn`

Mhthehr  ho  prcfhsc y n`fhr 

àrh`

ue`

Mht`oo`r  o`s fcemafac ehs mh ocs

 

oagpa`mcs

 prhva` aesphffa öe

hquapc

64

hquapcs

Yhraiaf`r  phraömaf`g het h ocs rhkastrcs