Informe- Aparato Bucal, Alas, Antenas

ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA DEL EJÉRCITO DEPARTA DEPARTAMENTO MENTO CIENCIAS CIE NCIAS DE LA VIDA CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA AGROPECUARIA

SANTO DOMINGO

PERÍODO

:

Enero 2013 – Junio 2013

ASIGNATURA

:

ENTOMOLOGIA

ALUMNOS

:

Diana Lara

NIVEL

:

Cuarto

DOCENTE

:

Ing. Marcelo Patio

FECHA

:

! "e a#ril "el 2013

INFORME

SANTO DOMINGO – ECUADOR 2013

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 TEMA: DETERMI NAR TI PO DE APARA RATO BUCAL,ALAS Y  ANTENASDE LOSI NSECTOS I NTR RO ODUCCI ON: Losi nsec t ossongener al ment emá másome menosel ongadosyci l í ndr i cosenf orma ma.Su cuer po esseg ment ado y l os se gme ment os es t án agr upados en t r esr eg i onesbi en di f er enci adas:c abez a,t ór ax y abdomen.En l a cabeza seencuent r an l os oj os, ant enasypi ezasbucal es;enelt óraxseubi canl aspat asyenl amayorí adecasos dospar esdeal as:usual ment eelabdome mencar ecedeapéndi cesl ocomo mot or es,per o l ospuedet enerensupart et ermi mi naladapt adosparacumpl i rot r asf unci ones

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OBJETI VO GENE NERA RAL: 

I de nt i fic arl o st i po sdeapar a t obuc al ,al asyant e nasdedi f e r e nt e si ns e c t o s.

OBJETIVOS OSESPECÍ FICOS:  

Co no c e rl amo r f o l o g í adel o si ns e ct o s Cl a s i fic a rai ns e ct o sdeac ue r doa lt i podepat a s ,a pa r at obuc a lyal a s .

REVI SI ON DE DE LI TE ER RATURA:  TI POSDE APARATO BUCAL:



 Aparato bucalmasti cador:Her • bí vor os,car ní vor os y omn mní vor os.Es elmás pr i mi t i v o ;de s c r i t oj unt oc onl ade s c r i pc i ó n del ac abe z a .  A atobucalmasti cadorl amedor( • par Hi me nó pt e r o s ) : Hayunar educc i ón másome menosevi dent edel asma mandí bul asysedes arr ol l an al g unaspar t e sdel asma max i l asye ll abi o .  A atobucalchupadorl amedor( • par Le pi dópt e r os ) : Esun apar at ol i bador ,chupa elnéc t ardel asflor es .Hayunar educc i ón del l abr o ;i ndi f e r e nc i ac i ó n del ahi po f ar i ng e ;l asma mandí bul ass eat r o fian;l amax i l a se desar r ol l a par af orma mar l a espi r i t r omp mpa y ell abi o queda r educi do a l os p a l p o s .  A atobucalpi cadorchupador • par Esun t ubof o r ma ma dopo re ll a br oye ll a bi oquec o nt i e nee s t i l e t e sde r i v a do sde l as f or maci onespr ebucal es ,de l as mandí bul as y de l as maxi l as.Hay una

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POSDE ALAS  TI Losúni cosar t r ópodos queposeen al as son l os adul t os ( oi magos)del a cl ase I nse ct a. La pr ese nci a de al as e s una de l as adapt ac i ones que l e s ha pr opor ci onadoa est egrupodeorg ani smo mosgrandesvent aj as,dadol aposi bi l i dad de gr an despl az ami mi ent o y di sper si ón.En ge ner all os i nse ct os más moder nos  vuel an con susdospar e sdeal ascomounasol auni dad( usandomecani smosde acopl ami mi ent o) ,obi enpuedequeunpardeal asnoseaf unci onalparaelvuel o( ej : é l i t r o s,hal t e r i o s) .Al g uno si ns e c t o s,s o br e t o dopar á s i t o se x t e r no sdev e r t e br ado s, quenonec es i t an al aspar asu di sper si ón,han ev ol uci onadodemo modoquehoyen dí as onápt e r o s . Las al as sef or man porexpansi onesdeli nt egument o o cut í cul a,uni das en l a part eme medi a,aexcepci ón del azonadel asvenas,pordondeci r cul al ahemo mol i nf a, ner vi os y t r aqueas.Las ve nas ademá más l e dan a l as al as r i gi dez y pr opi edades aer odi námi mi cas.   Lamayor í adel asal asposeenf orma mamásomenost r i angul ar ,di st i ngui éndosel a  bas e( v ér t i c e cer c a de lcuer po) ,ápi c e( v ér t i c e ext er no)y ángul o anal( v ér t i ce po s t e r i o r ) .Ti e ne ng r upo sdev e na sl o ng i t udi na l e syt r a ns v er s a l e s ,l a sq uepo rs u  v ar i abi l i dad posee nv al ort axonómi co,e sdeci r ,si r v e n par ai dent i ficargr uposde i ns e ct o s .La sár e a se nc e rr a da spo rl a sv e na ss el l a ma ma nc e l da s . Lasal asmá máscomu muness on memb mbr anos as,per oe xi s t en al ascon modi ficac i ones en su t ext ur a,g r osor ,f or ma y/o t ama maño.De acuer do a el l o pueden r ec i bi r b esespeci al

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POSDE ANTENAS  TI Las ant enas son i mport ant es ór ganos se nsor es que posee nl os i nse ct os.Sus pri nci pal es f unci ones son elol f at oyt act o,pero en al gunos i nsect os t amb mbi én cumpl enunaf unci ónaudi t i va Losi nsect osposeensól ounpardeant enas,l asqueseubi canenl acabeza,porl o gener alent r eme medi a o debaj o del osoj os.Lasl arvasyot r oses t ados i nmadur os t amb mbi én posee n ant enas,aunque es t as pueden es t armu muy r educi das y di f er i r enorme meme ment edel adel osadul t os. Seconsi der aquel asant enasdei nsect ost i enen3segme ment osver dader os:elbasal o.Porl oescapo,elsegundol l ama madopedicelo  yelr es t oquesedenomi mi naflagel o ge ner alelflage l o ext er name ment e sevesubdi vi di do,per o como mo es t os no pose en muscul at ur ai nt er na,seconsi der ansól ocomo mosubsegme ment osdelt er cer o Lasant enaspue den v ar i are nor mement ee nf or ma y t ama maño e nt r egr uposde i nsect os,gener al ment edado pormo modi ficaci onesdelflagel o.Pores t o son út i l es par ai dent i ficaral gunosgruposdei nse ct os.Lost i posdeant enasmá máscomu munes

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•

Fi l i f or me me

•

Es t i l ada

•

Pl umos a

•

Lame mel ada

MATERI RI ALESYME METOD ODOS: Pa r al aobs e r v a ci ó n ei de nt i fic a ci ó nde la pa r at obuc a l ,deal a sydeant e nase nl o s i nsect os ,s e debe n c apt ur ar e j empl ar e s que se an di v er s os par a poder di f e r enc i ar l os . Una ve z obt eni dos l os i nsec t os, en ell abor at ori o se pr ocede a col ocar l as mues t r as en una caj a pe t r icon al cohol ,una ve zr eal i z ado es t o se pr ocede a obse r v ar l as cl ase s de apar at o bucal , al as y ant enas co nl a ay uda de un e s t e r e o s c o p i o .

RESULTADO DOS:  TI POSDE APARATO BUCAL

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Estructura alargada que viene a representar el APARATO BUCAL CHUPADOR de un

 TI POSDE ANTENAS

Estructuras en forma de tenaas que representa el APARATO BUCAL !A"T#CADOR de ciertos insectos

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A$TE$A !O$#L#%OR!E

A$TE$A" PECT#$ADA"

A$TE$A %#L#%OR!E

A$TE$A" "ET#%OR!E"

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A$TE$A AR#"TA AR#" TADA DA A$TE$A &E$#CULADA

 TI POSDE ALAS

EL#TRO"

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HALTER#O" 'alas atrofiadas

!E$BRA$O"A"

HE!#(L#TRO"

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CONCL CLUSIONES: 



Exi st eunaext ensadi ve r si daddei nsec t osquehan ve ni doev ol uci onandoy adapt ándos e e n s u mor f ol og í a a l as c ondi ci ones amb mbi ent al e s más f a v or a bl e spar ae l l os . Gr aci as a est a pr áct i ca se pudo i dent i ficar y di f er enci ar l as di f er ent es f orma masdeagr uparal osi nsec t os,yaseaporsu apar at obucal ,oporl as c l a s e sdeant e na sopo rl a sc l a s e sdeal a s .

RECOM OMENDA DACIONES:  

Re c ol e c t a re j e mp mpl a r e sques e anr e pr e s ent a t i v o s. Le e ri nf o r ma mac i ó nac e r c adel apr ác t i c apar apo de rr e al i z a r l ac o né xi t o .

BI BLIOGRAFI A: 

  

MORENO Ana,2004.I NSECTOS OS.Di s poni bl een: ht t p: //pendi ent edemi mi gr aci on. ucm. m. es/i nf o/t r opi co/docenci a/Text os/H9 H9%2 0I NSECTOS OS. pdf ht t p: //e nt o mo mo l o g i a c ur l a . fil e s . wo r dpr e s s. c o m/ m/2010/10/c a pi t ul o i i . pdf ht t p: //ent omo mol ogi acur l a. fil es. wordpr ess. com/ m/2010/10/morf ol ogi a. pdf ht t p: //www. s l i de s har e . ne t /Pr o f . JI r i z a r r y /mo dul o 2 l o si ns e c t o s