Informe 4 SaraValentinaPuentesRodriguez
September 20, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Meorgjeglgníb Nakarbl. Vrekoepegs Jâseogs `a Lbjgrbtgreg
Ekcgrma `a lbjgrbtgreg Vrâoteobs 22, 2:, 2:, 2?, 20 y 21 Caohb4 ::/65/:6:6
@btgs blumkg Kgmjras4 Jgkellb Jrellyth, Vakbngs _gcíb, Vuaktas _brb & Ruergnb Lasly 2. Vranuktbs
• @acekb Meorggrnbkesmg pseorÿcelg4 Qk meorggrnbkesmg pseorÿcelg as bqual qua su tamparbturb ÿptemb `a oraoemeaktg as ekcaregr b lgs 06¶O. Asta tepg `a meorggrnbkesmg pua`ak oraoar b tamparb rbtturbs `a racren enaarboeÿk ÿk,, astâk prasakt ktaas ak su suaalgs ârteo eogs gs,, bltbs lbtetu`as, cgrmboeÿk `a healg g ak lbs bnubs prgcuk`bs `al goåbkg. (Qsar,_.:628). Meorggrnbkesmg masÿcelg4 _gk meo _gk meorg rggrn grnbk bkesm esmgs gs ou ouyb yb tam tampa parb rbtu turb rb ÿp ÿptem tembb `a or orao aoeme emeak aktg tg sa ak akou ouak aktrb trb ak al rbkng ogmprak`e`g aktra :6-06¶O. (Ngmaz. :625). Meorggrnbkesmg tarmÿcelg4 Lgs me Lgs meor orgg ggrn rnbk bkes esmg mgss ta tarm rmÿc ÿcelelgs gs te teak akak ak uk ukbb tb tbsb sb ÿp ÿpte temb mb `a or orao aoem emea eakt ktg g ak al rbkng `a tamparbturb aktra 06 & 86¶O (Ngmaz. :625). Meorggrnbkesmg hepartarmÿcelg. Asta tepg `a meorggrnbkesmgs teakak su ÿptemg `a oraoemeaktg aktra 86-226¶O, ouaktbk ogk akzembs qua kg sa `askbturblezbk b bltbs tamparbturbs yb qua pgsaak prgtaíkbs ogk ranegkas ektarkbs bltbmakta he`rgcÿjeobs. Ouaktbk ogk âoe`gs nrbsgs sbturb`gs ak su mamjrbkb oetgplbsmâteob byu`bk`g b mbktakar lb rene`az b bltbs tamparbturbs. (Qsar,_.:628). 2
Meorgjeglgníb Nakarbl. Vrekoepegs Jâseogs `a Lbjgrbtgreg
• ·Ruå tepg `a ogktrglas sa utelezbk ak uk lbjgrbtgreg pbrb bsanurbrsa `a qua al butgolbva astâ cukoegkbk`g bprgpeb`bmakta7. Ogktrgl císeog4 mbkÿmatrgs y pbpal ranestrb`gr. Ogktrgl químeog4 Oektb ek`eob`grb pbrb butgolbva. Ogktrgl jeglÿneog4 Aspgrbs rasestaktas stabrgtharmgphelus. (M_OJ_,:62?).
bl
oblgr
`a
Jboellus
• ·Oÿmg pg`ríb `amgstrbr se uk meorggrnbkesmg as tarmÿcelg g tarmgtglarbkta7 Bl sg sgma mata tarr uk me meor orgg ggrn rnbbke kesm smg g ta tarm rmÿc ÿcelelg g g ta tarm rmgt gtgl glar arbk bkta ta ak al bu butg tgol olbv bvaa b tamparb rbtturb rbss `a 06-86¶O, asta ra rassest steerâ y parmb mbk kaoarâ râ,, gjsa sarrvâk`gsa uk oraoemeaktg `a oglgkebs ak al ma`eg `a oultevg, yb qua lgs tarmÿcelgs rasestak astbs tamparbturbs alavb`bs, pgr tbktg, al ma`eg as bptg pbrb al oraoemeaktg `al meorggrnbkesmg (Lbjrb`gr, :663). • ·Ruå as al ma`eg rgdg cakgl y pbrb qua sa utelezb7 Al ma`eg rgdg cakgl as ukb sustbkoeb grnâkeob qua obmjeb `a oglgr oubk`g ukb sglu luooeÿ eÿk k astâ blo lobble lek kb y pbsb b sar âoe`b `b,, g veo eoaavars rsbb, as `aoer er,, asta as uk ek`eob`gr `a pH, al oubl as utelezb`g praoesbmakta pbrb ma`er al pH `a uk ma`eg. Asta sa tgrkb bmbrellg oubk`g al pH as makgr b 3,8 y `a oglgr rgdg oubk`g al pH as mbygr b 8,0. Asta as bmplebmakta utelezb`g ak pruajbs j egquímeobs pbrb lb e`akteceoboeÿk `a meorggrnbkesmgs jbotarebkgs (Nel, :625). • ·Ouâl as lb `ecarakoeb aktra lgs bnaktas astâteogs y lgs bnaktas oe`bs usb`gs ak al ogktrgl `a lbs pgjlboegkas meorgjebkbs7 @å `gs adamplgs `a ob`b ukg `a astgs bnaktas. Qk bnakta qua as oe`bl mbtbrb b meorggrnbkesmgs y verus, meaktrbs qua uk bnakta astâteog ekhejerâ al oraoemeaktg `a meorggrnbkesmgs (Ibesar, :6:6). Lbs bltbs tamp mpaarbturb rbss utele lezzb`bs ak al butgolbva as uk adamp mpllg `a bnaktas oe`bs yb qua sa amplabk tamparbturbs pgr akoemb `al puktg `a ajulleoeÿk `al bnub (2:2¶O) y al vbpgr b praseÿk pbrb mbtbr lbs jbotarebs. Pbmjeåk lb rb`eboeÿk ultrbveglatb pua`a sar uk bnakta oe`b, puastg qua aktra mbygr :
Meorgjeglgníb Nakarbl. Vrekoepegs Jâseogs `a Lbjgrbtgreg
axpgseoeÿk mbygr as lb boteve`b` oe`b (latbl g mgrtbl) ( Jrgoi, :66?). Lbs ta Lbs tamp mpar arbt btur urbs bs pg pgrr `a `ajb jbdg dg `a lb ta tamp mpar arbt btur urbb mí míke kemb mb `a `all me meor orgg ggrn rnbk bkes esmg mg as uk bnakta astâteog, gtrg bnakta astâteog sa gjteaka ak al ourb`g `a obrk ob rkas as og ogk k sb sbl, l, yb qu quaa ax axes esta ta uk ukbb ek ekhe heje jeoe oeÿk ÿk ak al or orao aoem emea eakt ktg g jb jboota tare rebk bkg g pg pgrr hepartgkeoe`b` rasultb`g `a lb booeÿk astâteob `a lb praseÿk gsmÿteob, (Ibesar, :6:6) • ·Vgr quå lb luz ultrbveglatb sglg as ôtel pbrb ogktrglbr pgjlboegkas meorgjebkbs ak al bera g ak suparceoeas axpuastbs7 Vgrqua lb rb`eboeÿk ultrbveglatb kg pua`a pakatrbr ak suparceoeas sÿle`bs gpbobs qua bjsgrjak lb luz, y su utele`b` sa lemetb b suparceoeas, bera y gtrgs mbtareblas ogmg al bnub, qua kg bjsgrjak gk`bs QS. (Jrgoi, :66?) • ·Vgr quå lb akzemb urabsb `esmekuya lb boe`az7 Vgrqua `anrb`b lb urab pgr ma`eg `a ukb rabooeÿk `a he`rÿleses y lb ogkverteåk`glb ak bmgkeg lg qua `b lunbr b uk bmjeakta bloblekg g `eohg `a gtrg mg mg` `g kautrb rbllez ezbbk`g lb boe`az. Asta as uk maobkesmg `a supa parrvevakoeb `a blnukbs jbotarebs qua kg sgjravevak ak ma`egs âoe`gs y kaoasetbk uk ma`eg bloblekg pbrb prglecarbr. As muy ogmôk ak jbotarebs `a tepg nbstrgektastekbl. (Oeskargs, :665)
?
Meorgjeglgníb Nakarbl. Vrekoepegs Jâseogs `a Lbjgrbtgreg
:. @ebnrbmb `a cludg rasumeak`g al prgoa`emeaktg b rablezbr aspaoeceob`g ak lb prâoteob. Vrâoteob 22. Acaotg `a lb tamparbturb sgjra al oraoemeaktg meorgjebkg
0
Meorgjeglgníb Nakarbl. Vrekoepegs Jâseogs `a Lbjgrbtgreg
Vrâoteob 2:. Acaotg `a lb luz ultrbveglatb sgjra al oraoemeaktg meorgjebkg
1
Meorgjeglgníb Nakarbl. Vrekoepegs Jâseogs `a Lbjgrbtgreg
Vrâoteob 2?. Acaotg `a lb praseÿk gsmÿteob sgjra al oraoemeaktg meorgjebkg
3
Meorgjeglgníb Nakarbl. Vrekoepegs Jâseogs `a Lbjgrbtgreg
Vrâoteob 20. Ogktrgl `a lgs meorggrnbkesmgs pgr ma`eg `a lbs sustbkoebs químeobs
>
Meorgjeglgníb Nakarbl. Vrekoepegs Jâseogs `a Lbjgrbtgreg
Vrâoteob 21. Acaotg `al pH sgjra al oraoemeaktg meorgjebkg.
?. Zasultb`gs Acaotg `a lb tamparbturb sgjra al oraoemeaktg meorgjebkg
• Zanestra lgs rasultb`gs `al acaotg `a lgs `ecaraktas trbtbmeaktgs `a tamparbturb sgjra al oraoemeaktg `a lgs meorggrnbkesmgs. Qteleoa lgs senueaktas símjglgs pbrb ek`eobr lgs rasultb`gs4 kg hujg oraoemeaktg (-), pgog oraoemeaktg (+), oraoemeaktg ektarma`eg (++) y oraoemeaktg bjuk`bkta (+++). Pbjlb 0.2.
Meorggrnbkesmg Prbtbmeaktg
A. ogle (Aleib,:625).
_tbphylgogoous sp. (_aedb S.:668) (Zevargs at bl.,:626)
_. mbroakoaks (Carkâk`az, :66:)
J. sujteles (Mally, at.bl., :66:)
_. oaraveoeba (Dgvar,D.:62:).
Butgolbva
-
-
-
-
-
Bnub herveak`g
-
-
-
+
8
Meorgjeglgníb Nakarbl. Vrekoepegs Jâseogs `a Lbjgrbtgreg
Vbstaurezboeÿk Ogktrgl Oglgr `al ma`eg rgdg cakgl `aspuås `a lb ekoujboeÿk. ·Ruå senkeceob7
-
+
-
++
-
+++
+++
+++
+++
+++
pH ÿptemg (3->) sa tgrkb `a oglgr bmbrellg (Bllak & igkambk, :668)
Ak uk astb`g gptemg (pH >-8) sa tgrkb `a oglgr rgdg.
Bmbrellg4 teaka uk pH âoe`g
pH ÿptemg aktra 1 y 3 sa tgrkb bmbrellg (Igke & Hbkem, :62>)
pH ÿptemg aktra 0-1 sa tgrkb bmbrellg.
• ·Ruå meorggrnbkesmg muastrb mbygr rasestakoeb b lbs bltbs tamparbturbs7 Axplequa b quå sa `aja asb rasestakoeb. Al me meoorgg ggrn rnbbkesmg ogk mbygr rases esttakoeb b blt ltbbs tamp mpaarbturb rbss as jboell llu us sujteles asta meorggrnbkesmg as ukb jbotareb nrbm-pgsetevb bargjeb aspgrulb`b, `aje`g b qua lbs ak`gspgrbs jbotarebkbs sgk lbs astruoturbs mâs rasestaktas bl oblgr. (Jrgoi, :66?) Qkg `a lgs cbotgras qua mâs ekcluyak as lb obkte`b` y al astb`g `a bnub `aktrg `a lb ak`gspgrb, ukb astruoturb `a lb ak`gspgrb `akgmekb`b prgtgplbstg y su mbtarebl tepg nal `atarmekb lb rasestakoeb bl oblgr, b uk alavb`g ogktake`g `a bnub ak al prgtgplbstg axesta ukb jbdb rasestakoeb bl oblgr. (Jrgoi, :66?) • ·Cuargk tg`gs lgs trbtbmeaktgs `a tamparbturb enublmakta acaotevgs pbrb alemekbr lgs meorggrnbkesmgs7 Axplequa. Kg tg tg`g `gss lg lgss tr trbt btbm bmea eakt ktgs gs `a ta tamp mpar arbt btur urbb cu cuar argk gk en enub ublm lmak akta ta ac acao aote tevg vgss pb pbrb rb lb al alem emek ekbo boeÿ eÿk k `a me meoorg rggr grnb nbke kesm smgs gs,, yb qu quaa pb pbrb rb al _t _tbp bphy hylg lgoogo goou ouss sp sp.. y al J. _ujt _u jteleles es sa `b or orao aoem emea eakt ktg g ak uk rb rbkn kng g `a ta tamp mpar arbt btur urbs bs mu muyy bm bmpl pleg eg `e `est stek ektb tbss b lb lbss `a lg lgss `a `amâ mâss me meoorg rggr grnb nbke kesm smgs gs,, pg pgrr tb tbkt ktg, g, pr prgl glec ecar arbk bk b ta tamp mpar arbbtu turb rbss uk pgog mâs bltbs, cbvgraoeak`g bsí al oraoemeaktg `a oglgkebs. • Olbsecequa lgs meorggrnbkesmgs ogk jbsa ak su tamparbturb ÿptemb `a oraoemeaktg.
5
Meorgjeglgníb Nakarbl. Vrekoepegs Jâseogs `a Lbjgrbtgreg
Pbjlb 0.:.
Meorggrnbkesmg A. ogle
_tbphylgogoous sp. (Sbkanbs L.:621)
_. mbroakoaks
J. sujteles (Igrstak & Oggi, 2553)
_. oaraveoeba
Masÿcelg
Masÿcelg
Masÿcelgs
Masÿcelg
Masÿcelg
Acaotg `a lb luz ultrbveglatb sgjra al oraoemeaktg meorgjebkg
• Zanestra lgs rasultb`gs `al acaotg `a lb luz QS sgjra al oraoemeaktg `a lgs meor me orgg ggrn rnbk bkes esmg mgss av avbl blub ub`g `gs. s. Qt Qteleleo eoaa lg lgss se senu nuea eakt ktas as sí símj mjgl glgs gs pb pbrb rb ek ek`e `eob obrr lgs rasultb`gs4 kg hujg oraoemeaktg (‟), pgog oraoemeaktg (+), orao or aoem emea eakt ktg g ek ekta tarm rma` a`eg eg (+ (++) +) y or orao aoem emea eakt ktg g bj bjuk uk`b `bkt ktaa (+ (+++ ++). ). Bk Bkgt gtbr br ak lb tbjlb lb,, cgr grmb mbooeÿ eÿk k g busa sak koeb `a pen enm maktgs y gtrgs obmjegs qua sa hbybk prasaktb`g. Pbjlb 0.?.
Meorggrnbkesmg @estbkoeb
2?6 mm
1?6mm
Peampg
M. lutaus
J. sujteles (Nutearraz,A.: 620)
A. ogle (Jgr`b at bl, :62?)
_. mbroasoaks (Lb`bkye & Mgrresgk, 2538)
_broekb (Jboham & @ushiek, 25?1)
?6 s
++
+++
++
+
++
2 mek
+++
+++
+
-
+
1 mek
-
+++
-
-
-
?6 s
+
+++
+++
++
+
2 mek
-
++
++
+
-
1 mek
-
+
-
-
-
• ·V ·Vgr gr qu quåå sa ou oujr jrea earg rgk k lb lbss ob obdb dbss `a Va Vatr tree ek ekgo goul ulb` b`bs bs og ogk k pb pbpa pall bl blum umek ekeg eg bk bkta tass `a ektrg`uoerlbs ak lb ekoujb`grb7 Lbs ob obdb dbss pa patr tree ek ekgo goul ulb` b`bs bs sa ou oujr jrak ak ogk pb pbpa pall bl blum umek ekeg eg yb qu quaa lb rb rb`e `ebo boeÿ eÿk k `a lb lu luzz ve vese sejl jlaa pu pua` a`aa ra rava vart rter er al ac acao aotg tg `a lb lu luzz ul ultr trbv bveg egla latb tb hb hboe oeak ak`g `g em empg pgse sejl jlaa 26
Meorgjeglgníb Nakarbl. Vrekoepegs Jâseogs `a Lbjgrbtgreg
ave`akoebr su acaotg ak lgs meorggrnbkesmgs. • ·Ru Ruåå meorg rgg grn rnbbkesmg mgss muastrb rbk k mb mbyygr ra rassestako koeb eb b lb lu luzz QS7 Axple leq qua b quå sa `aja asb rasestakoeb. Jboellus sujteles as al qua mbygr rasestakoeb b lb luz QS prasaktb mbygr rasestakoeb b lb luz QS. Blnukgs astu`egs hbjlbk `a ukb rasestakoeb b lb rb`eboeÿk QS b ukb lgknetu` `a gk`b `a :10 km pgr meorggrnbkesmgs aspgrulb`gs b lgknetu`as `a gk`b suparegras lbs aspgrbs sgk `astrue`bs pgr lb rb`eboeÿk, sek amjbrng lbs aspgr grbbs sgk aktra 26 b 16 vaoas mâs rases esttaktas b lb rb rb` `eboeÿk b astb lgk gknnetu`. (Pbhare, at.bl., :6:6) • ·Ouâl as lb `estbkoeb y teampg `a axpgseoeÿk mâs acaotevgs pbrb ekhejer al oraoemeaktg `a lgs meorggrnbkesmgs avblub`gs7 1?6 km & 1 mekutgs Acaotg `a lb praseÿk gsmÿteob sgjra al oraoemeaktg meorgjebkg
• Za Zane nest stra ra lg lgss ra rasu sult ltb` b`gs gs `a `all ac acao aotg tg `a lb pr pras aseÿ eÿk k gs gsmÿ mÿte teob ob sg sgjr jraa al or orao aoem emea eakt ktg g `a lgs meorggrnbkesmgs avblub`gs. Qteleoa lgs senueaktas símjglgs pbrb ek`eobr lgs rasultb`gs4 kg hujg oraoemeaktg (‟), pgog oraoemeaktg (+), oraoemeaktg ektarma`eg (++) y oraoemeaktg bjuk`bkta (+++). Pbjlb 0.0. A. ogle
_. buraus
Nluogs (% p/v)
(Ohaukn, at.bl., :665)
(Sbl`az ,:620)
1
++
+
26
+++
++
:1
+
+++
Ogktrgl
+++
+++
Olgrurg `a sg`eg (% p/v)
(Gmgtgyekjg &
(Sbl`az ,:620)
Gmgtgyekjg, :623)
1
+
++
22
Meorgjeglgníb Nakarbl. Vrekoepegs Jâseogs `a Lbjgrbtgreg
26
-
+
:1
-
-
Ogktrgl
-
-
• ·Oÿmg sa olbseceobk astgs meorggrnbkesmgs ogk jbsa ak su obpboe`b` `a oraoar ak `ecaraktas ogkoaktrboegkas `a sglutgs7. Lgs meorgg ggrn rnbbkesmg mgss hblÿcelg lgss raque ueaarak `a olg lgru rurrg sÿ` ÿ`eeog pbrb su oraoeme meaaktg, bukqua lb ogkoaktrboeÿk lgs suj`eve`a ak mg`arb`bmakta hblÿcelg pbrb ogkoaktrboegkas `a olgrurg sÿ`eog `a 3-21%, y `esoratbmakta hblÿcelg pbrb ogko og koak aktr trbo boeg egka kass `a 22-3% 3% (J (Jrg rgoi oi,, :6 :66? 6?). ). As Asoh ohar areo eohe hebb ogl glee as uk me meor orgg ggrn rnbk bkes esmg mg kg hblÿcelg (Oÿmg, at.bl., :62:), meaktrbs qua _tbphylgogoous buraus as uk meor me orgg ggrn rnbk bkes esmg mg hb hblg lgtg tgla larb rbkt ktaa (S (Sbl bl`a `az, z, :6 :620 20), ), as `a `aoe oerr qu quaa pu pua` a`aa sg sgpg pgrt rtbr br oe oear artb tb ra` ra `uooeÿ eÿk k `a boteve`b` `a bnub ak al bmj mjeeakta, parg ora raooak madgr ak busako koeb eb `a oublqu oubl quea earr gt gtrg rg sg sglu lutg tg qu quaa ra ra`u `uzo zobb se senk nkec eceo eobt btev evbm bmak akta ta lb bo bote teve ve`b `b` ` `a bn bnub ub (J (Jrg rgooi, :66?). Pbmjeå eåk k astâk lgs hblÿ lÿccelgs axtra ram mgs qua sgk obpboas `a ora raooar ak bmjeaktas `a muy bltb ogkoaktrboeÿk `a sbl, raquearak `a 21-?6% `a KbOl pbrb oraoemeaktg ÿptemg, lgs gsmÿcelgs obpboas `a oraoar b bltbs ogkoaktrboegkas `a bzôobr y lgs xarÿcelgs qua oraoak ak bmjeaktas saogs (Jrgoi, :66?). • Axplequa b keval ceseglÿneog oÿmg hboak lgs meorggrnbkesmgs pbrb vever ak bmjeaktas qua prasaktbk bltbs ogkoaktrboegkas `a sglutgs. Lgs meorggrnbkesmgs qua pua`ak vever ak bmjeaktas ogk bltbs ogkoaktrboegkas `a sglutgs rablezbk uk jblbkoa ak lb praseÿk gsmÿteob ak rallboeÿk bl ma`eg, y bsí lg ra lgnnrb rbk k ra rassester lgs acaotgs kgoevgs qua trba ogkseng lb sbl, mbktakeak`g bsí mesmg jbdbs ogkoaktrboegkas `a sbl ak al oetgplbsmb (Ngkzâlaz & Vaòb, :66:). Oubk`g Oubk `g ax axes esta tak k bl bltb tbss og ogko koak aktr trbo boeg egka kass `a sg sglu lutg tgss ax axes esta ta jb jbdb db bo bote teve ve`b `b` ` `a bn bnub ub y al me meor orgg ggrn rnbk bkes esmg mg sÿ sÿlg lg pu pua` a`aa gj gjta taka karr bn bnub ub `a `all bm bmje jeak akta ta pb pbrb rb llllav avbr br b ob objg jg lbss ra lb rabo booe oegk gkas as ma matb tbjÿ jÿleleob obss bu buma makt ktbk bk`g `g lb og ogko koak aktr trbo boeÿ eÿk k ek ekta tark rkbb `a sg sglu lutg tgs, s, lg oubl sa lg lgnnrb jgmj mjaabk`g egkas hboeb al ektare reg gr `a lb oålu lullb, g sekt ktaatezbk`g y/g ogkoaktrbk`g uk sglutg grnâkeog (Jrgoi, :66?)
2:
Meorgjeglgníb Nakarbl. Vrekoepegs Jâseogs `a Lbjgrbtgreg
Ogktrgl `a lgs meorggrnbkesmgs pgr ma`eg `a lbs sustbkoebs químeobs
• Zanestra lb zgkb `a ekhejeoeÿk (ak mm) prg`uoe`b pgr lgs `ecaraktas bnaktas químeogs ak al oraoemeaktg `a lgs meorggrnbkesmgs y `atarmeka se al meoorggr me grnnbkes esm mg as sakse sej jla, ma`eb ebk kbmakta ra rassest staakta g ra rassestakta bl bnakta químeog. Pbjlb 0.1. Tumg `a lemÿk
Axtrbotg `a oajgllb
Akdubnua juobl
Pang
A. ogle
Zasestakta (6mm) (Giaia at bl, :621)
Ma`ebkbmakta rasestakta (22,:mm) (Eqjb at bl, :628)
Ma`ebkbmakta rasestakta (makgr b 26mm) (Cetzpbtreoi, :62?)
_aksejla (Ja`gyb & Ogrra`gr :62?
_. buraus
Ma`ebkbmakta rasestakta (Gjrangk,J).
Ma`ebkbmakta rasestakta (Cenuargb D,:625)
Zasestakta( D,M.:622).
_aksejla (L,Ja`gyb.:62?).
J. sujteles
Zasestakta (6 mm) (Giaia at bl, :621)
Ma`ebkbmakta rasestakta (2:,>mm) (Eqjb at bl, :628)
Ma`ebkbmakta rasestakta (makgr b 26mm) (Cetzpbtreoi, :62?)
Zasestakta (Ja`gyb & Ogrra`gr :62?)
• ·Ouâl as al me meoorgg ggrrnbkes esm mg mâs ra rassest staakta b lgs `ecara rak ktas bnakt ktaas quím ímeeogs y b quå sa `aja asb rasestakoeb7 Al me meor orgg ggrn rnbk bkes esmg mg mâ mâss ra rase sest stak akta ta b lg lgss `e `eca cara rakt ktas as bn bnak akta tass qu quím ímeo eogs gs as al Jb Jboe oellllus us sauj ujt es.b. ,Asletm b era ras koeb meo ggr nbke rmb rra ktrtbel`es tbkse`stga ko bseb í lbsa p`aakjaatrbboqeu ÿak a`lame lgorsgg bnrnb akkes tassmqgucígmrm eogbsu, k`bajjeb`rr garb b l`bas mamjrbkbs qua rg`abk al kôolag `a lbs ak`gspgrbs (Ja`gyb & Ogrra`gr, :62?). • Zanestra al acaotg `al pH ak al ora raooem emeeaktg `a lgs `ec ecaara rak ktas meorg rgg grn rnbbkesmg mgss. Ek`equa al oraoemeaktg ogk uk símjglg (+) a ek`equa al kg oraoemeaktg ogk (6). Pbjlb 0.3. Meorggrnbkesmg pH
5
A. ogle (Aleib,:625)
+
_. buraus (Bljraoht,
J. sujteles (Tôòenb &
_. oaraveseba
:6:6 )
Oblvg, :626)
(Nuteårraz, :66>)
6
6
6
2?
Meorgjeglgníb Nakarbl. Vrekoepegs Jâseogs `a Lbjgrbtgreg
>
+
+
6
+
1
+
+
+
+
?
6
6
6
+
• ·Ouâl as al me meoorgg ggrrnbkes esm mg qua prasa sak ktb uk mbygr rb rbk kng `a tgl glaarb rbk koeb bl pH7 Axplequa pgr quå asta meorggrnbkesmg lgnrb astb tglarbkoeb. Al meorggrnbkesmg qua prasaktb mbygr rbkng `a tglarbkoeb bl pH as _. Oara ravveseb ebaa. Asta me meoorggr grnnbkes esm mg lgnrb astb tgla larrbkoeb `aje` e`g g b qua sa prg`u `uooa ukb raspuastb bl astrås bloblekg, b`bptâk`gsa bsí bl pH bloblekg `al ma`eg y rasesteåk`gsa b astg (_arrbkg, :663). • Axplequa pgr quå al pH pua`a ogktrglbr al oraoemeaktg jbotarebkg. Vbrb lb mbygríb `a lgs meorggrnbkesmgs su pH ÿptemg sa akouaktrb aktra 1 y 5, otbgm k jvebålkgralbss `aakm âsbsj,bdsgas hge`mrgâlsezbblktglsglsbsogpm rgptagíkkabkst`aas aosatlg zem uslbsraas`aysk mbetourgrbjleebzbkkgsy, b`eoegkblmakta lgs pH axtramgs ekcluyak ak lb sglujele`b`, lgs kutreaktas y mglåoulbs kaoasbregs pbrb al oraoemeaktg `a lgs meorggrnbkesmgs. (Ohbvbrríbs,:625). 0. Zacarakoebs jejlegnrâceobs ➐ Bljraoht,
D.B., (:6:6, 62 Akarg). https4//cgg`.ukl.a`u/stbphylgogoous-buraus
_tbphylgogoous
buraus.
@a
➐ pH ÿptemg (3->) sa tgrkb `a oglgr bmbrellg ➐ Bllak y Igkambk.(:668). @ebnkÿsteog meorgjeglÿneog-3tb a`eoeÿk. A`etgrebl må`eob Vbkbmareobkb.
Brnaktekb Juakgs Beras Beras ➐ Jboham, B. y @ushiek, MB (25?1). Qk astu`eg `a lb saksejele`b` jbotarebkb b lb rb`eboeÿk ultrbveglatb. Al Jglatík Jeglÿneog , 35 (2), 265-2:1. Ja`gyb gyb _b _blo loa` a`g, g, L. E., E., & Og Ogrr rra` a`gr gr Jbrr Jbrrar arbb, L. @. V. (: (:62 62?) ?).. Sble Sble` `boeÿ boeÿk k ogk ogkourr ourrak akta ta `a oubt oubtrg rg ➐ Ja` `as asek ekca caot otbk bkta tass utel utelez ezb` b`gs gs ak al lb lbj jgr grbbtg tgre reg g `a Ek Ek`e `eob ob` `gr gras as `a Ob Oble le` `b` `a Bn Bnub ubss y lg lg` `gs `a lb Vgkteceoeb Qkevarse`b` Dbvarebkb (Pases `a pranrb`g), Jgngtâ @.O. Zaouparb`g `a4 https4//rapgsetgry.dbvarebkb.a`u.og/jetstrabm/hbk` https4//rapgsetgry.dbvareb kb.a`u.og/jetstrabm/hbk`la/26110/22803/Ja`gyb_bloa`gLburbEsb la/26110/22803/Ja`gyb_bloa`gLburbEsbj j al:62?.p`c7saquakoa=2&esBllgwa`=y ➐ Jgr`b, Z. B., Gvea`g, M. M. @. @., & Zgdbs, D. M. (:62?). Acaotg `a lb axpgseoeÿk b lb luz ultrb ltrbve vegl glat atbb uv-o v-o ak lb veb vebjele` ele`bb` `a as asp pao aoea eass `a As Asoh ohar areo eoh hb ogle ogle y _blm _blmgk gkal allb lb typh typhem emu ure reu um. gc, Aknekaarekn bk` Paohkglgny, Jr Jrgo goi, i, P@ P@, Mb Mb`e `enb nbk, k, MP MP, , Mb Mbrt rtek ekig ig,, DM y:(2). Vb Vbri riar ar,, D. (: (:66 66?) ?).. Jeg Jeglg lgní níbb Jr Jrgo goii `a meor meorgg ggrn rnbk bkes esmg mgss . ➐ Dgurkbl Qppar _b``la Zevar (Kuavb Darsay)4 Vrakteoa Hbll, :66?. Oblv lvg, g, V., V., & Tô Tôòe òenb nb,, @. (: (:62 626) 6).. Ob Obrb rbot otar arez ezbo boeÿ eÿk k cese cesegl glÿn ÿneo eobb `a oapb oapbss `a Jboe Jboellllus us sp spp. p. be besl slb` b`bs bs `a ➐ Ob 20
Meorgjeglgníb Nakarbl. Vrekoepegs Jâseogs `a Lbjgrbtgreg
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lb rezÿscarb `a pbpb (_glbkum tujargsum). Aoglgneb bpleob`b, 5(2), ?2-?5. Oeskargs _. (:665).Maobkesmgs ` `aa rasestakoeb ` `aa Haleogjbotar Vylgre b lgs bktejeÿteogs bktejeÿteogs Bmgxeoelekb, Olbretrgmeoekb, Lavgclgxboekb y Matrgke`bzgl. Zaouparb`g `a4 https4//dbvarebkb.a`u.og/jejlgs/tases/oeakoebs/tases?65.p`c. Oÿmg Oÿ mg,, DB, DB, Le Lem, m, DT, DT, Ng Ngh h, @D, @D, Kn Kn,, ^O ^O,, Gg Ggk, k, D_, D_, La Laa, a, IO IO,, .. .... y Le Lekn kn,, MH (: (:62 62:) :).. B` B`bbptbo ptboeÿ eÿk k `a As Asoh ohar areo eohe hebb ogle BPOO 8>?5 b KbOl bl 22%. Brtíoulgs sgjra sgjra ogkduktgs `a `btgs ak jeglgníb , :62? . Ohbvbrríb íbss, M. (:625, :6 duleg leg). Al pH `a lgs blemaktgs y lb sanure`b` blemaktbreb. Og Ogks ksum umar ar.. https4//www.ogksumar.as/sanure`b`-blemaktbreb/al-ph-`a-lgs-blemakt https4//www.ogksumar.as/sanure`b `-blemaktbreb/al-ph-`a-lgs-blemaktgs-y-lb-sanure`b`-blemaktbr gs-y-lb-sanure`b`-blemaktbreb eb .html#4%>A4taxt=_a%:6ogkse`arb%:6qua%:6lb%:6mbygr%O?%B@b,`a%:6ogktbmekboe%O?%J?k% :6pgr%:6jbotarebs%:6pbt%O?%J?nakbs. Ohaukn, O., Laa, D., Laa, D. y _havohui, G. (:665). Al acaotg `al astrås gsmÿteog eÿkeog (KbOl) y kg eÿkeog (sbobrgsb) sgjra lb axpraseÿk `a κ-nblbotgse`bsb ak A. ogle `a tepg sblvbda J^:155? y ak al mutbkta esgnåkeog J^:155?ΐlboE. D. Axp. Meorgjegl. Meorgjegl. Emmukgl Emmukgl ,, 2? , 2-3. Aleib. (:625, :> bngstg). Asohareoheb ogle. Aleib _anure`b` Blemaktbreb. https4//sanure`b`blemaktbreb.aleib.aus/asohareoheb-ogle/ Carkâk`az, Z. (:66:). Måtg`gs cakgtípeogs y nakgtípeogs ogs `a bkâleses ektrbaspaoíceog eog ak" _arrbteb mbroasoaks". Qkevarse`b` Ogmplutaksa `a Mb`re`, _arveoeg `a Vujleoboegkas. Cenuargb, D (:625). Acaotg Bktejbotarebkg `al axtrbotg bloghÿleog `a Blleum oapb, sgjra _tbphylgogoou ouss buraus y Asohareoheb oheb ogle ogmpbrb`g ogk oep oeprgclgxboek oekg ek vetr etrg (Pases `a mbastríb). Qkevarse`b` Oåsbr Sblladg, Varô. Zaouparb`g `a4 http4//rapgsetgreg.uov.a`u.pa/jetstrabm/hbk`la/:6.166.2:35:/06:83/CenuargbW_DE.p`c7saqu akoa=2&esBllgwa`=y . akoa=2&esBllgwa`=y Cetzpbtreo eoii, M. (:62?). Bktemeorgjebl ebl botegk gc tab traa gel (Malblauob bltarkec ecg gleb) eb) gk ceva ogmmgk jbotareb. Oeta` gk, 22(22). Zaouparb`g `a4 https4//www.poo.a`u/lejrbry/wp-ogktakt/uplgb`s/:625/63/bktemeorgjebl-accaot-tab-traa-gel. p`c Nÿmaz, O. C. L. (:625, :1 mbyg). Ma Masÿc sÿcelg elgs4 s4 obrbot obrbotarí aríste steobs obs,, tep tepgs, gs, hâjetb hâjetbt, t, ak akcar carma ma`b` `b`as, as, ada adamp mplgs lgs. Leca`ar. https4//www.leca`ar.ogm/masgcelgs/ https4//www.leca`ar.ogm/masgcelgs/ . Nel, M. (:625). Zgdg `a cakgl4 obrbotarísteobs, prapbrboeÿk, bpleoboegkas. Zaouparb`g `a4 https4//www.leca`ar.ogm/rgdg-cakgl/ Ngkzâlaz-Harkâk`az, D. O., & Vaòb, B. (:66:). Ast Astrbtanebs ebs `a b`bptboeÿk `a meorggrnbkesmgs hb hblÿ lÿcel celgs gs y @a @ajb jbry rygm gmyoa yoass hbks hbksak akeeee (L (Lav avb` b`ur urbb hblÿ hblÿce celb lb). ). Za Zave vest stbb Lb Lbte tekg kgbm bmar areo eobk bkbb `a Me Meor orgj gjeg eglg lgní níb, b, 00(?-0), 2?>-213.
➐ Nutearraz, A (:620). Acaotg `a lb rb`eboeÿk ultrbveglatb sgjra al oraoemeaktg ultrbveglatb `a Jboellus
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sp prg`uotgr `a oalulbsb (Pases `a pranrb`g). Qk Qkevarse`b` evarse`b` Kboegkbl `a Prudellg, Varô. Zaouparb` Zaouparb`g g `a4 http4//`spboa.uketru.a`u.pa/jetstrabm/hbk`la/QKEPZQ/0651/Nute%O?%B5rraz%:6Obstrg%:6Avalek %:6Ibteb.p`c7saquakoa=2&esBllgwa`=y. Eqjb, T., _hahzb`,I., Kbwbz, _., Tbhe`, M. (:628). BKPEMEOZGJEBL BOPESEPU GC A__AKPEBL GEL GC BLLEQM OAVB. ^grl` Dgurkbl gc Vhbrmboauteobl Zasabroh. Sglumak (>), pp 1>1-186. Dgvar, D. (:62:). Avbluboeÿk ek`ustrebl ebl `a lavb`urbs `al nåkarg _boohbrgmyoas oas ak lb `astel elaaríb Nagrna ^bshekntgk. 1->. _oealg, ?:(2), http4//soealg.sl`.ou/soealg.php7sorept=soeWbrttaxt&pe`=_:::0-3281:62:666266661 http4//soealg.sl`.ou/soealg.php7sorept=soeWbrttaxt&pe`=_:::0-3281:62:666266661 . D, M. (:622, 23 bjrel). Acaotg bktejbotarebkg `a 1 bktesåpteogs `a usg ak obve`b` juobl. Botb Botb g`gktglÿneob vakazglbkb , 05(2). https4//www.botbg`gktglgn https4//www.botbg`gktglgneob.ogm/a`eoegkas/:622/2/brt-3/ eob.ogm/a`eoegkas/:622/2/brt-3/ . @a Ibesar, N., (:6:6, _apteamjra 63). Lbj 284 Qsa gc Vhyseobl Bnakts tg Ogktrgl gc Meorggrnbkesms. https4//jeg.lejrataxts.grn/Jggishalvas/BkoellbryWMbtarebls/LbjgrbtgryWAxparemakts/MeorgjeglgnyW Lbjs/MeorgjeglgnyWLbjsWEE/LbjW28%?BWQsaWgcWVhyseoblWBnaktsWtgWOgktrglWgcWMeorggrnbkesms. 21
Meorgjeglgníb Nakarbl. Vrekoepegs Jâseogs `a Lbjgrbtgreg
➐ Igke, PKE y Hbkem, O. (:62>). Acaotg `al pH y lb tamparbturb sgjra Jboellus sujteles CKOO 6615 Boteve`b` gxblbtg `asobrjgxelbsb. Zavestb `a oeakoebs jeglÿneobs `a Vbiestâk4 VDJ_ , :6 (5), 0?3-002. ➐ Igrstak, L. & Oggi, K., (2553). Gptemezboeÿk `a lbs ogk`eoegkas `a oultevg `a Jboellus sujteles. Bkubreg `a lb Bsgoeboeÿk Bsgoeboeÿk `a Vrg`uotgras Vrg`uotgras `a Bnubobta `a _u`âcreob _u`âcreob , 25 , 10-18. ➐ Lb`bkye, V. B., & Mgrresgk, _. M. (2538). Qltrbveglat jbotareoe`bl errb`ebtegk gc eoa. Bpplea` ➐
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meorgjeglgny, 23(?), 03?-03>. L, Ja`gyb (:62?). SBLE@BOEßK OGKOQZZAKPA @A OQBPZG PEVG_ @A @A_EKCAOPBKPA_ QPELETB@G_ AK AL LBJGZBPGZEG @A EK@EOB@GZA_ @A OBLE@B@ @A BNQB_ U LG@G_ @A LB VGKPECEOEB QKESAZ_E@B@ DBSAZEBKB (Pases `a pranrb`g). Vgkteceoeb Qkevarse`b` Dbvarebkb, Jgngtâ. Zaouparb`g `a4 https4//rapgsetgry.dbvarebkb.a`u.og/jetstrabm/hbk` https4//rapgsetgry.dbvareb kb.a`u.og/jetstrabm/hbk`la/26110/22803/Ja`gyb_bloa`gLburbEsb la/26110/22803/Ja`gyb_bloa`gLburbEsbjal:62 jal:62 ?.p`c7saquakoa=2&esBllgwa`=y. Mally, A., Nakast, VO, Nelmgra, MA, Lettla, _., Vgphbm, @L, @reis, B. y _atlgw, V. (:66:). Bkâleses `a lbs prgpea`b`as `a lbs aspgrbs `a Jboellus sujteles prapbrb`bs b `ecaraktas tamparbturbs. Zavestb `a meorgjeglgníb bpleob`b , 5: (3), 2261-2221. M_O_J. (:620). CakexA`uPM. CakexA`u.https4//cakex.taokeog.ulesjgb.pt/`esoeplekbs/M_O_J/:62:-:62?/:-samastr . CakexA`u.https4//cakex.taokeog.ulesjgb.pt/`esoeplekbs/M_O_J/:62:-:62?/:-samastr GJZA GJ ZANß NßK K JG JGPA PAZG ZG., ., Zbcb Zbcbal al.. Bo Booe oeÿk ÿk Jb Jbot otar areo eoe` e`bb `a `all Dung Dung `a Le Lemÿ mÿk k _gjr _gjraa al _tbp _tbphy hylg lgog ogoo oous us Bu Bura raus us Zgsa Zg sak kjb jboh oh.. Zave Zavest stbb Cbo bou ult ltb` b` Kb Kboe oegk gkbl bl `a Bn Bnrg rgk kgm gmíb íb Ma Ma` `allí allík, k, Y_.l Y_.l.] .],, v. 3, k. ::, ::, p. 228 228-2 -2:6 :6,, ak aka. a. 2503. E__K ::08->6:3. @espgkejla ak4 -21>2. Zevargs at bl,.(:626).ASBLQBOEßK @A ZEA_NG_ @A _PBVHULGOGOOQ_ BQZAQ_ AKPAZGPGXENÅKEOG AK BLEMAKPG_ VZAVBZB@G_ KG EK@Q_PZEBLA_ AK OGLGMJEB . Zaouparb`g `a4 https4//www.meksblu`.ngv.og/setas/re`/Lests/Jejlegtaob@enetbl/ZE@A/EB/EK_/Ar-stbphylgogoous.p`c. Zujebkg Lbjrb`gr, O. (:663). Beslbmeaktg y obrbotarezboeÿk `a meorggrnbkesmgs tarmgcíleogs bkbargjegs lepglíteogs, prataglíteogs y bmelglíteogs `a mbkbkteblas tarmgmekarblas `a Vbepb a Ezb Jgyboâ (Pases `a pranrb`g).Vgkteceob Qkevarse`b` Dbvarebkb, Jgngtâ @.O . Zaouparb`g `a4
https4//dbvarebkb.a`u.og/jejlgs/tases/oeakoebs/tases:05.p`c S.(:668).Ategpbtgnakeb meorgjeglÿneob. Zaouparb`g `a4 http4//www.heneaka.a`u.uy/oacb/:668/_tbphylgogoous.p`c _arrbk bkg, g, Z. (: (:66 663) 3).. Ma Maob obke kesm smgs gs `a b` b`bp bptb tboeÿ oeÿk k `a _booh _boohbr brgm gmyoa yoass oar oarav aves eseb ebaa b lb bl blob oblek lekez ezbo boeÿ eÿk k ➐ _arr bmje bm jeak aktb tbll (@go (@gotg tgrb rbll `e `ess ssar artb tbte tegk gk,, Pase Pasess `got `gotgr grbl bl pbrb pbrb gptb gptbrr bl nr nrb` b`g g `a @g @got otgr gr ak Je Jegq gquí uíme meob ob y Jeglgníb mglaoulbr. Qkevarse`b` Butÿkgmb `a Jbroalgkb, Aspbòb). ➐ Pbhare, C., Bmeke, B., Iguhsbre, A., Iebae, MZ, Mgvbsanhe, Z. y Keikadb`, C. (:6:6). Ekbotevboeÿk cgtgobtblíteob `a meorggrnbkesmgs ak bnub jbdg errb`eboeÿk ultrbveglatb O y PeG:. Pe G:. Zasaòbs ak meorgjeglgníb må`eob , ?2 (:), >5-81. ➐ Qsar, _. (:628, 3 mbyg). Me Meor orgg ggrn rnbk bkes esmg mgss ps pseo eorÿ rÿce celg lgss y pseo pseogt gtrg rgcg cgss ak bl blem emak aktg tgss y bn bnub ubss - Ou Oult ltev evg g oubletbtevg y oubktetbtevg9 E`akteceoboeÿk mglaoulbr (VOZ y saouakoeboeÿk). ESBME. https4//www.evbme.ogm/as/meorgjeglgneb-`a-blemaktgs/3:6-meorggrnbkesmgs-pseorgcelgs-oultevg#4
➐ _aedb
%>A4taxt=Lgs%:6meorggrnbkesmgs%:6pseor%O?%J?celgs%:6sgk%:6bquallgs,`a%:6bprgxemb`bma kta%:6:6%O:%J6O.&taxt=Astgs%:6meorggrnbkesmgs%:6oraoak%:6ak%:6bmjeaktas,astbk`g%:6 b`bptb`bs%:6b%:6nrbk`as%:6gsoelboegkas. celÿscarb lÿscarb `a mgrb ➐ Qreja Nuteårraz, L. B. (:66>). Obrbotarezboeÿk ceseglÿneob `a lavb`urbs beslb`bs `a lb ce 23
Meorgjeglgníb Nakarbl. Vrekoepegs Jâseogs `a Lbjgrbtgreg
(Pases `a pranrb`g). Vgkteceoeb Qkevarse`b` Dbvarebkb, Jgngtâ @.O. Zaouparb`g `a4 https4//dbvarebkb.a`u.og/jejlgs/tases/oeakoebs/tases:>3.p`c ➐ Sbl`az I.:(620).A_PQ@EG @A LB ZA@QOOEßK @A OGMVQA_PG_ GZNÂKEOG_ AK BNQB ZA_E@QBL _BLEKB MA@EBKPA MEOZGGZNBKE_MG_ HBLGPGLAZBKPA_. Zaouparb`g `a4 https4//oe`ataq.rapgsetgregekstetuoegkbl.mx/dspue/jetstrabm/26:2/??6/2/Astu`eg%:6`a%:6lb%:6ra `uooe%O?%J?k%:6`a%:6ogmpaustgs%:6grn%O?%B2keogs%:6ak%:6bnub%:6rase`ubl%:6sblekb% :6ma`ebkta%:6meorggrnbkesmgs%:6hblgtglarbktas.p`c ➐ Sbkanbs L.(:621).Nuíbs pbrb al lbjgrbtgreg `a jbotareglgníb.Qkevarse`b` `a lgs Bk`as. Jgngtâ Oglgmjeb.
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