Informe 3 Diseño de Levas

 

Lmnbrmtbrkb ia @keagítk`m ia gmqukemrkm Iksaýb ia lavms =9 ia mfbstb ial >?=;, K-Y Pmmvairm Gbrme Bgmr Smvkar Dm`ultmi ia Kefaekarçm Ga`íek`m y @kae`kms ia lm _rbiu``kðe (DKG@_) As`ualm Puparkbr _blktë`ek`m ial Lktbrml (AP_BL) Fumymqukl ‐  A`umibr Fumymqukl ‐   A`umibr bsmmvairOaspbl.aiu.a`

^asugae @bgb bnjatkvbs ia lm prm`tk`m sa ianae bntaear lms `urvms ia iasplmzmgkaetb, valb`kimi, m`alarm`kðe qua vmrçme m`bria m qua tkpb ia lavm sa trmtm, ae asta `msb uem lavm ia ibs iataekgkaetbs y miagís bntaear al pardkl ia lm lavm gaikmeta Mutb@MI. Al frmdk`b ia lms `urvms dua ramlkzmib gaikmeta lm myuim ia Ax`al, ae al `uml sa bntaeçme vmlbras ia iasplmzmgkaetb, valb`kimi y m`alarm`kðe pmrm `mim 1 frmibs qua sa guavm lm lavm cmstm `bgplatmr 04? frmibs, as ia`kr uem vualtm `bgplatm, y uem vaz bntaekibs ik`cbs imtbs, sa ramlkzmnme lbs frídk`bs metas gae`kbemibs. Mcbrm `be lm myuim ia Ax`al sa bntaeçme lms `bbriaemims S y [ m `mim íefulb ia lm lavm y pbstarkbr m astb `be tbims lms `bbriaemims S y [ bntaekims sa `blb`mnme ae Mutb@MI gaikmeta al `bgmeib ia pblklçeam. pb lklçeam. _mlmnrms `lmva: lavm, Mutb@MI, íefulb, Ax`al, `bbriaemims Mnstrm`t Ms bnja`tkvas bd tca prm`tk`a, tca iksplm`agaet, spaai, m``alarmtkbe `urvas tcmt vmry m``brikef tb wcmt typa bd `mg scbuli na bntmkeai, ke tcks `msa m tcraa-stbp `mg mei mlsb bntmke tca prbdkla bd tca `mg ny Mutb@MI. Yca frmpc bd tca `urvas wms gmia wktc t ca calp bd Ax`al, ke wck`c vmluas bd iksplm`agaet, valb`kty mei m``alarmtkbe wara bntmkeai b ntmkeai dbr avary 1 iafraas tcmt tca `mg gbvas tb `bgplata 04? iafraas, tcmt ks tb smy m `bgplata ture, mei be`a bntmkeai smki imtm, tca mdbragaetkbeai frmpck`s wara gmia. Ebw wktc tca calp bd Ax`al, tca S mei [ `bbrikemtas wara bntmkeai mt am`c mefla bd tca `mg mei mdtar tcmt, wktc mll tca S mei [ `bbrikemtas bntmkeai, tcay wara plm`ai ke Mutb@MI uskef tca pblylkea `bggmei.

Haywbris: `mg, Mutb@MI, mefla, Ax`al, `bbrikemtas 

 

Ketrbiu``kðe _mrm lm nmjmim (@k`lbkiml @-4): Qe skstagm ia lavm ‐  lavm  ‐  safukibr  safukibr as ue skstagm qua pargkta trmesdbrgmr al gbvkgkaetb `kr`ulmr ae ue gbvkgkaetb ra`tklçeab, gaikmeta al `betm`tb ikra`tb ia ue safukibr, uem mplk`m`kðe ia asta skstagm as ae al gbtbr ia ue mutbgðvkl y as ae`mrfmib `betrblmr al

 7  (=   +  >= ske >   )   7  ((== ++`b`bss >   )

`karra y mparturm ia lms vílvulms ia migkskðe y as`mpa, y pbr aeia cmy tmetms lavms `bgb vílvulms cmym. (A`u^ai, >?=1)

  7 > >  (ske> >  )   (ske

@bgb tml asta skstagm as ue skstagm ia 9  nmrrms `be lbefktui ada`tkvm vmrkmnla, lb `uml cm`a qua al skstagm sam ue faearmibr ia gbvkgkaetbs `bgb due`kbeas vmrkmnlas. As ea`asmrkb `beb`ar `bgb iksaýmr uem lavm  pmrm qua astm keikqua al gbvkgkaetb ia ue safukibr, ym qua m ue iatargkemib iasplmzmgkaetb vm m cmnar ue iatargkemib íefulb m ue `kartb tkagpb. tkagpb. (Ebrtbe, >? >?=0) =0) Al gbvkgkaetb ia lms lavms puaia vaekr imims pbr ikdaraetas due`kbeas pmrm iatargkemibs trmgbs, ym sam pblkebgkmlas, saebkimlas b `k`lbkimlas, at`. [ lm ala``kðe ia quë tkpb ia due`kðe m usmr vm m`bria m qua  prbiuz`me lms gaebras vknrm`kbeas b fblpatabs pbsknlas. (Ebrtbe, >?=0) Lms skfukaetas due`kbeas m ias`rknkr sbe due`kbeas `k`lbkimlas y duarbe lms due`kbeas as`bfkims pmrm al prbnlagm paikib, imib qua `ugplçme `be lbs raquksktbs paikibs ia iasplmzmgkaetb, valb`kimi y m`alarm`kðe. _mrm lm sunkim (@k`lbkiml @-1):

 7  (   >= ske >   )   7  (=   >= (> )`bs >   ) 7   (=  `bs >   )   > >   =   7  > (  ) ske      > > 7   (ske    )  

 

Ibeia: P: Iasplmzmgkaetb T: Talb`kimi M: M`alarm`kðe L: Alavm`kðe ial safukibr ξ: Mefulb tbtml usmib ae lm lavm  lavm   γ: Mefulb vmrkmnla  vmrkmnla 

_mrm bntaear lms `bbriaemims (S,[) m `mim íefulb ia lm lavm, sa dkjb ue rmikb nmsa y lm sugm ia ik`cb nmsatkaea gms al iasplmzmgkaetb im alrmikb rmikb qua ik`cb iasplmzmgkaetb m `kartb íefulb, as ia`kr:

 7  + 

Ibeia:

 

  ^: ^mikb m iatargkemib íefulb   ^  n: ^mikb: nmsa   P: Iasplmzmgkaetb m iatargkemib

• • •

íefulb.

 

•

[ pbstarkbrgaeta pbr gaikb ia `bbriaemims  pblmras, sa cmllð lms `bbriaemims ra`tmefulmras:

  77 s s`bs `bs  ke 

 

Ibeia:

  S, [: @bbriaemims ra`tmefulmras   ^, : @bbriaemims pblmras

• •



Gatbiblbfçm Al prbnlagm m rasblvar as al 3.3 ial ^bnart  Ebrtbe 9tm aik`kðe:

 

Iksaýa uem lavm ia ibnla iataekgkaetb pmrm gbvar ue safukibr ia ? m =.1‰ =.1 ‰  ae 91¿, iataekgkaetb iurmeta =1?¿, nmjmim ia =.1‰ =.1 ‰ ae ;?¿ y iataekgkaetb ae al rastb ial gbvkgkaetb. Al `k`lb tbtml iana tbgmr 4 s. As`bjm due`kbeas mia`umims ia sunkim y  nmjmim pmrm gkekgkzmr lms valb`kimias. Yrm`a lbs ikmfrmgms s v m j.

 )    7 =.1(=   ;? +  >= ske > ;? `bs >   )  = + `bs `bs >   ) 7 ?.?=6(= + `bs  7 =;?.1 (=+   7  >>;?=.1  (ske >  ) 7 ?.?=>(ske > ;? )  

  Yrmgb dkeml ia iataekgkaetb

•

Ae al trmgb dkeml tmetb P, T y M sbe eulbs. Lavm ia ibnla iataekgkaetb Ykpb ia Mefulb Iasplmzmgkaetb gbvkgkaetb P   Punkim ?-91 ?-=.1 ?-=.1‛‛ ‛‛   Iataekgkaetb 91-=;1 =.1‛‛ =.1‛‛   Nmjmim =;1->31 =.1‛‛ =.1‛‛-- ? Iataekgkaetb >31-04? ?



^asultmibs Lms `urvms gae`kbemims metarkbrgaeta duarbe frmdk`mims ae Ax`al y sa bntuvkarbe lb skfukaeta:

  Yrmgb ia sunkim

•

Ae al trmgb ia sunkim, lm valb`kimi iana sar `arb ae al kek`kb y `arb m ue mefulb ia 91 frmibs, y pmrm pbiar gkekgkzmr lms

   7 

valb`kimias, as ea`asmrkb qua sa `ugplm , vmlfm `arb pbr aeia lms `urvms m as`bfar ae asta trmgb sbe lms `k`lbkimlas @1:

 77 =.911‛?  ? 7 9191¿¿  

 

 )    7 =.1 (91     >= ske > 91 > )    ) 7 ?. ? 000(= `bs  7  =91.1  (=  `bs > 91 91   7  >=.1  (ske >  ) 7 9.41 ∖ =?∞ (ske > ) 91  91   Yrmgb ia iataekgkaetb  

•

Ae al trmgb ia iataekgkaetb:

 77 =.? 1    7 ?  

  Yrmgb ia nmjmim

•

Ae al trmgb ia nmjmim, al meílksks as meílbfb ml trmgb ia sunkim y as as`bfa lms `urvms @4:

 7 =.1‛    7 >31  =;1 7 ;?¿ 

P =,4     )    P =,9    M    I    M    F =,>    L    Q =    _     (    B ?,3    Y    E    A    K ?,4    G    M ?,9    Z    M    L ?,>    _    P    A ?    I -?,> ?

=??

>??

YCAYM (F^MIBP)

Frídk`b = Iasplmzmgkaetb vs tcatm

0??

9??

 

T

Meílksks ia rasultmibs

?,?3

    )    B    I ?,?4    E    Q    F    A    P     / ?,?9    P    M    I    M ?,?>    F    L    Q    _     ( ?    I    M    I ?    K    @    B-?,?>    L    A    T

Lms frídk`ms gbstrmims, `ugpla `be lm lay dueimgaetml ia lavms iankib m qua lm  prkgarm y safueim iarkvmim (valb`kimi y m`alarm`kðe, raspa`tkvmgaeta) ial iasplmzmgkaetb sbe `betkeums mlraiaibr ia

?¿ 04?¿

tbib al ketarvmlb ia   m   y astb as lb qua lbfrmr raiu`kr lbs fblpatabs msafurmeib gmybr vkim útkl ial safukibr. =??

-?,?9

>??

0??

Ae lbs puetbs ibeia al iasplmzmgkaetb ia gmetkaea `bestmeta (iataekgkaetb), al pardkl ia lm lavm ias`rkna uem `kr`uedarae`km gkaetrms ae lbs trmgbs qua vmrkm al   iasplmzmgkaetb tmgnkëe cmy uem vmrkm`kðe ae al trmgb ia pardkl ia lm lavm.

YCAYM (F^MIBP)

Frídk`b > Talb`kimi vs tcatm

M ?,??4     )    >    B    I ?,??9    E    Q    F    A ?,??>    P     /    P    M    I ?    M    F ?    L    Q-?,??>    _     (    E    B    K -?,??9    @    M    ^    A -?,??4    L    A    @    M

@be`luskbeas y ra`bgaeim`kbeas Lbs frídk`bs guastrme qua sa lbfrmr gkekgkzmr lms valb`kimias imib qua lm m`alarm`kðe tkaea ue vmlbr eulb ae ik`cb  puetb ibeia lm valb`kimi tkaea gíxkgb b gçekgb.

=??

>??

0??

9??

YCAYM (F^MIBP)

Frídk`b 0 M`alarm`kðe vs tcatm

Al frmdk`b ial pardkl ia lm lavm bntaekib ia Mutb@MI sa iatmllm m `betkeum`kðe pmrm ue rmikb nmsa ia =.1‛‛ =.1‛‛::

Imib qua lms lavms sbe alagaetbs ga`íek`bs qua pargktae trmesdbrgmr al gbvkgkaetb rbtm`kbeml ae trmslm`kbeml as ea`asmrkb fmrmetkzmr lm adk`kae`km ia lm gksgm y mquallb sa lbfrm raiu`kaeib ml gíxkgb al fblpatab qua axksta aetra al safukibr y lavm, lbs `umlas  puaiae mda`tmr al raeikgkaetb ga`meksgb ial `uml dbrgme pmrta lm lavm y al safukibr. Metas ia sala``kðe lms `urvms m ra`bgaeimnla nbsquajmr lms iasplmzmgkaetb, valb`kimi y  pmrm taear lm `artazm ia qua sala``kbemims sbe lms `brra`tms.

trmnmjmr, as `urvms ia m`alarm`kðe lms `urvms

^adarae`kms  A`u^ai . (=? ia Julkb ia >?=1). Bntaekib ia cttps://www.a`urai.`u/Lavm   Ebrtbe, ^. (>?=0).  Iksaýb ia Gmqukemrkm: uem ketrbiu``kðe m lm sçetasks y ml Frídk`b 9 _ardkl ia lm lavm frmdk`mim ae Mutb@MI

meílksks ia ga`meksgbs y.  Gëxk`b: G`Frmw-Ckll.

 

Meaxbs

Frídk`b 1 _ardkl ia lm lavm `be ue rmikb nmsa ia =.1''  

 

tcatm

 

P ?

T ?

M ?

?

1 ?.?=0>=>90 ?.??66;31> ?.??>;;=44; =?

?.?;3>>63 ?.?>6191?4 ?.??91301?0

=1 ?.>;0>1=44 Punkim m =,1

?.?1 ?.??9?0?441

>? ?.131?=106 ?.?494149> ?.??=1;=309 >1 ?.;=9;3940 ?.?494149> -?.??=1;=30 0? =.>?469309 01

?.?1 -?.??9?0?46

=.9?=66>> ?.?>6191?4

-?.??91301

9? =.93463616 ?.??66;31> -?.??>;;=46

Iataekgkaetb

Nmjmim ia =,1

91

=.1

?

-=.=9?9A-=3

1?

=.1

?

?

11

=.1

?

?

4?

=.1

?

?

41

=.1

?

?

6?

=.1

?

?

61

=.1

?

?

3?

=.1

?

?

31

=.1

?

?

;?

=.1

?

?

;1

=.1

?

?

=??

=.1

?

?

=?1

=.1

?

?

==?

=.1

?

?

==1

=.1

?

?

=>?

=.1

?

?

=>1

=.1

?

?

=0?

=.1

?

?

=01

=.1

?

?

=9?

=.1

?

?

=91

=.1

?

?

=1? =11

=.1 =.1

? ?

? ?

=4?

=.1

?

?

=41

=.1

?

?

=6?

=.1

?

?

=61

=.1

?

?

=3?

=.1

?

?

=31

=.1

?

?

=;?

=.1

?

?

=;1

=.1

? ? >?? =.9;30=6;4 ?.??=??1=> -?.???0;6;4 >?1 =.93463616 ?.??03;;>4 -?.???696;>

 

>=? =.91469309 ?.??300000 -?.??=??646 >=1 =.9?=66>> ?.?=066>10 -?.??==9133 >>? =.0=390336 -?.?=;14?3 -?.??==9133 >>1 =.>?469309 >0?

-?.?>1 -?.??=??646 =.?6?=>?; ?.?>;909?6 -?.???696;>

>01 ?.;=9;3940 ?.?0>0>3>= >9? ?.61 ?.?0000000 >91 ?.131?=106 ?.?0>0>3>= >1? ?.9>;36;= ?.?>;909?6 >11 ?.>;0>1=44

-?.???0;6;4 -=.9>11A-=; ?.???0;6;1; ?.???696;=6

-?.?>1 ?.??=??6444

>4? ?.=3=14==0 -?.?=;14?3 ?.??==9 ?.??==91364 1364 >41 ?.?;3>>63 ?.?=066>10 ?.??==91364 >6? ?.?90>1=44 ?.??300000 ?.??=??6444 >61 ?.?=0>=>90 ?.??03;;>4 ?.???696;=6 >3? ?.??=43>?9 ?.??=??1=> ?.???0;6;1; -1.39;6A>31 =6 ? >.31=?1A-=;

Iataekgkaetb

>;?

?

?

?

>;1

?

?

?

0??

?

?

?

0?1

?

?

?

0=?

?

?

?

0=1

?

?

?

0>?

?

?

?

0>1 00?

? ?

? ?

? ?

001

?

?

?

09?

?

?

?

091

?

?

?

01?

?

?

?

011

?

?

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04?

?

?

?

Ymnlm = Tmlbras ia iasplmzmgkaetb, valb`kimi y m`alarm`kðe m iatargkemibs íefulbs  

 

rmikb nmsa nmsa 7 =.1 Punkim m =,1

Iataekgkaetb

tcatm

s

^mikb

S

[

?

?

=.1

=.1

?

1

?.?=0>=>90

=.1=0>=>90

=.1?6919>

?.=0=331=1

=?

?.?;3>>63

=.1;3>>63

=.160;96=0

?.>661>;01

=1

?.>;0>1=44

=.6;0>1=44

=.60>=93=

?.949=>643

>?

?.131?=106

>.?31?=106

=.;1;>6014

?.6=0==6>4

>1 0?

?.;=9;3940 =.>?469309

>.9=9;3940 >.6?469309

>.=336=;06 >.099==>3>

=.?>?4=44= =.010069=6

01

=.9?=66>>

>.;?=66>>

>.064;;>40

=.449033=4

9?

=.93463616

>.;3463616

>.>33?=>?>

=.;=;36??9

91

=.1

0

>.=>=0>?09

>.=>=0>?09

1?

=.1

0

=.;>304>30

>.>;3=0000

11

=.1

0

=.6>?6>;0=

>.916914=0

4?

=.1

0

=.1

>.1;3?64>=

41

=.1

0

=.>463196;

>.6=3;>004

6?

=.1

0

=.?>4?4?90

>.3=;?6634

61

=.1

0

?.664916=9

>.3;666693

3?

=.1

0

?.1>?;9910

>.;199>0>4

31 ;?

=.1 =.1

0 0

?.>4=946>0 =.3066A-=4

>.;33139?; 0

;1

=.1

0

>.;33139?;

=??

=.1

0

=?1

=.1

0

==?

=.1

0

==1

=.1

0

=>?

=.1

0

?.>4=946>0 ?.1>?;9910 ?.664916=9 =.?>4?4?90 =.>463196; -=.1

=>1

=.1

0

=.6>?6>;0=

>.916914=0

=0?

=.1

0

>.>;3=0000

=01

=.1

0

=9?

=.1

0

=91

=.1

0

=1?

=.1

0

=11

=.1

0

=4?

=.1

0

=41

=.1

0

=6?

=.1

0

=.;>304>30 >.=>=0>?09 >.>;3=0000 >.916914=0 >.1;3?64>= >.6=3;>004 >.3=;?6634 >.3;666693 >.;199>0>4

>.;199>0>4 >.3;666693 >.3=;?6634 >.6=3;>004 >.1;3?64>=

>.=>=0>?09 =.;>304>30 =.6>?6>;0= =.1 =.>463196; =.?>4?4?90 ?.664916=9 ?.1>?;9910

 

Nmjmim ia =,1

Iataekgkaetb

=61

=.1

0

>.;33139?; -0

?.>4=946>0

=3?

=.1

0

=31

=.1

0

>.;33139?; >.;199>0>4 >.3;666693 >.3=69;6>4 >.6?4;9330 >.14?4=;=6 >.064;;>40 >.=1;?9;90 -=.;=0;4?=

?.>4=946>0 ?.1>?;9910 ?.664916=9 =.?>1931=9 =.>4>>6?;6 =.963069=6 =.449033=4 =.3==41613 -=.;=0;4?=

=;?

=.1

0

=;1

=.1

0

>??

=.9;30=6;4

>.;;30=6;4

>?1

=.93463616

>.;3463616

>=?

=.91469309

>.;1469309

>=1

=.9?=66>>

>.;?=66>>

>>?

=.0=390336

>.3=390336

>>1

=.>?469309

>.6?469309

>0?

=.?6?=>?;

>.16?=>?;

=.41>?9=36 =.031=63>3

=.;433>439 =.;63>0;1;

>01

?.;=9;3940

>.9=9;3940

>9?

?.61

>.>1

-=.=>1

?.131?=106

>.?31?=106

>1?

?.9>;36;=

=.;>;36;=

>11

?.>;0>1=44

=.6;0>1=44

>4?

?.=3=14==0

=.43=14==0

>41

?.?;3>>63

=.1;3>>63

>6?

?.?90>1=44

=.190>1=44

>61

?.?=0>=>90

=.1=0>=>90

?.33==4116 ?.44??161> ?.949=>643 ?.>;>????0 ?.=0;>;960 ->.304=A=4 ?.=0=331=1

=.;93116=4 =.33;44146 =.3=09;0=9 -=.60>=93=

>91

=.414?=999 =.1;>=94?4 =.190>1=44 -=.1?6919>

>3?

?.??=43>?9

=.1?=43>?9

?.>4?64901

-

>31

=.1

?.033>>316

>;?

-1.39;6A=6 ?

=.1

?.1=0?0?>=

>;1

?

=.1

?.400;>60;

0??

?

=.1

?.61

0?1

?

=.1

?.34?04941

0=?

?

=.1

?.;49=3=9=

0=1

?

=.1

=.?4?44?=6

0>?

?

=.1

=.=9;?4444

0.4619A-=4

=.963343== =.99333369 =.9?;103;0 =.01;94=43 =.>;;?03== =.>>36>3?6 =.=9;?4444 =.?4?44?=6 ?.;49=3=9=

 

0>1

?

=.1

=.>>36>3?6

00?

?

=.1

=.>;;?03==

001

?

=.1

=.01;94=43

09?

?

=.1

=.9?;103;0

091

?

=.1

=.99333369

01?

?

=.1

=.966>==40

011

?

=.1

=.9;9>;>?1

04?

?

=.1

=.1

?.34?04941 -?.61 ?.400;>60; ?.1=0?0?>= ?.033>>316 ?.>4?96>>6 ?.=0?6004= -0.4619A=4

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