Informe 10 Cinética Química
August 17, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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[CHPKQUHMOM COEHFCOI LOXFQ MK
UOC LOQEFU [chvkrshmom mki Zkrò, mkeoco mk Olèrheo
@OE[I]OM MK _[ÌLHEO K HCDKCHKQHO _[ÌLHEO K.O.Z _[ÌLHEO IOAFQO]FQHF MK _[ÌLHEO HC]KDQOMO ZQÏE]HEO Cº ?: EHCÈ]HEO X K_[HIHAQHF _[ÌLHEF Gfrorhf2 Iucks ?=2::-?72:: Eorifs @krcocmf Ghiorhf, Dõcdfro ]fvor Zrf`ksfr2 @kego mk kioafroehõc2 ?0 mk Odfstf mki 1:1? @kego mk kctrkdo2 15 mk Odfstf mki 1:1? Hctkdroctks2 .?8:4::81- Mki Oduhio Lkcmfzo, Oikxocmro .?8:4::85- @krrf Egkeyo, Boslhc @kihehto .?8:4::88-Dõlkz Orqquk, Oifcmro Lhikch .?8:4::?:-Ukduro Loeovhieo, Bgfboc
Ihlo, Zkrò 1:1? ?
]OAIO MK EFC]KCHMF H.- QKUÒLKC QKUÒLKC………………………………………………………………….…. ………………………………………………………………….….:? :? HH.- HC]QFM[EEHFC HC]QFM[EEHFC………………………………………………………….… ………………………………………………………….…:1 :1 HHH.-@[CMOLKC]F ]KÕQHEF……………………………………………….… ]KÕQHEF……………………………………………….…:5 :5 ZOQ]K O2 EHCÈ]HEO………………………………………………………...... EHCÈ]HEO………………………………………………………......:5 :5 ZOQ]K A2 K_[HIHAQHF _[ÌLHEF........................................ _[ÌLHEF.............................................................. ............................:= ......:= HP.-ZQFEKMHLHKC]F KWZKQHLKC]OI………………………………… KWZKQHLKC]OI……………………………………..:; …..:;
ZOQ]K O2 EHCÈ]HEO ……………………………………………………….….:;
ZOQ]K A K_[HIHAQHF _[ÌLHEF ….……….......................……......…………?: ….……….......................……......…………?: QKU[I]OMFU……………………………………………………………….:8 P.- QKU[I]OMFU……………………………………………………………….:8 QKU[I]OMFU……………………………………………?1 PH.-MHUE[UHÕC MK QKU[I]OMFU……………………………………………?1
PHH.-EFCEI[UHFCKU…………………………………………………………..?= PHHH.-QKEFLKCMOEHFCKU……………………………………………………?=
HW.-E[KU]HFCOQHF…………………………………………………………….?0 W.-QK@KQKCEHOU………………………………………………………………1:
1?
H.-QKUÒLKC
?
[CHPKQUHMOM COEHFCOI LOXFQ MK UOC LOQEFU @OE[I]OM MK _[ÌLHEO K HCDKCHKQHO _[ÌLHEO HC@FQLK MK IOAFQO]FQHF MK _[ÌLHEO HC]KDQOMO H
HH .- HC]QFM[EEHÕC
HHH.- @[CMOLKC]F ]KFQHEF
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[CHPKQUHMOM COEHFCOI LOXFQ MK UOC LOQEFU @OE[I]OM MK _[ÌLHEO K HCDKCHKQHO _[ÌLHEO HC@FQLK MK IOAFQO]FQHF MK _[ÌLHEO HC]KDQOMO H
HP.- ZQFEKMHLHKC]F KWZKQHLKC]OI ZOQ]K O2 EHCÈ]HEO =.?.- MK]KQLHCOEHÕC MK ^GEQF-=\
Uk kcbuodor io aurkto efc sfiuehõc ’E“ y if kcrosolfs kc ;:lI. Zfstkrhfrlkctk kc uc lotroz Krikclkykr efifeolfs ;lI mk io sfiuehõc O y kcskduhmo sk omhehfco 1lI mk io sfiuehõc A, iukdf sk ik hcefrpfro ki hcmheomfr mk oilhmõc ki euoi cfs oyumorï o loch`kstor io prkskceho mki yfmf.
@hcoilkctk sk thtuio gosto faskrvor ki eolahf mk efifroehõc mk ozui fseurf o vkrmk eiorf.
Qksuitomfs + 5 ∑ ¶ ↑ 5 H 1( oe)+ 1 Er( oe)+7 G 1 F (i ) ¶
∑ ¶+ = G (+oe¶ +)0 H
( oe)
1 GEr F
¶
¶
= ( oe )
5.- ]htuior gosto eolahf mk efifroehõc mk ozui fseurf o vkrmk eiorf.
;li mk sfiuehõc O
1li mk sfiuehõc A
H 1( oe )+ 1 Co1 U 1 F5( oe ) ↑ 1 Co( oe )+ Co = U = F0 ( oe )
=.1 MK]KQLHCOEHÕC MK ^GEQF-=\(])
Ogfr Og froo sk vo o efif efifeo eorr ;:lI ;:lI mk sf sfiu iueh ehõc õc ’O“ ’O“ mk mkct ctrf rf mk mkii Krik Krikcl clky kykr kr y omhehfcorklfss ?lI mk ktocfi, mksmk kstk lflkctf sk klpkzorï o efctoahihzor ki omhehfcorklf
thklpf mk io rkoeehõc. Iukdf mk goakr trocseurrhmf ?: lhcutfs, sk trosvosorï uco oiìeufto mk ; lI mk io lkzeio o ftrf Krikclkykr, pfstkrhfrlkctk sk omhehfco uch`frlklkctk 1 lI mk sfiuehõc ’A“, tkckr kc eukcto quk octks mk rkoihzor io thtuioehõc efc io sfiuehõc ’E“, iukdf sk odrkdo ?: dftos mk sfiuehõc mk oilhmõc kc mfcmk ifdrorklfs faskrvor ki vhrobk mk efifr ozui o efifr vkrmk.
@hcoilkctk rkdhstrorklfs ki vfiulkc dostomf mk sfiuehõc ’E“ y rkpkthrklfs ios lkmhehfcks eomo ?: lhcutfs gosto ifdror eflpiktor io toaio
ZOQ]K A) K_[HIHAQHF _[ÌLHEF =.? ZQHCEHZHF MK IK EGO]KIHKQ2 1?
[CHPKQUHMOM COEHFCOI LOXFQ MK UOC LOQEFU @OE[I]OM MK _[ÌLHEO K HCDKCHKQHO _[ÌLHEO HC@FQLK MK IOAFQO]FQHF MK _[ÌLHEO HC]KDQOMO H
O. Uhstklo mk kquhiharhf mki hfc erflotf
― hfc mherflotf
Kc uco sfiuehõc oeufso kxhstk uc kquhiharhf kctrk ifs hfcks (sfiuehõc mk efifr olorhiif) (sfiuehõc mk efifr ocorocbomf) if euoi mkpkcmk mk io efcekctroehõc mki hfc ghmrõdkcf (G+). Kstos kspkehks hõcheos mh`hkrkc kc sus efifrks. Ki hfc mherflotf rkoeehfco efc ki oduo mk io shduhkctk lockro2 Faskrvorklfs eõlf sk mkspiozo ki kquhiharhf efc ifs shduhkctks kxpkrhlkctfs
O.? Kc lkmhf aïshef2 • Phkrto ?,: lI mk sfiuehõc mk erflotf mk pftoshf :,?L y mk mherflotf mk Zftoshf :,?L kc mfs tuafs mk kcsoyf rkspkethvolkc rkspkethvolkctk. tk. Iukdf efc io phpkto lhmo uc vfiulkc mktkrlhcomf mk CoFG ?L. Odrkdor dfto o dfto io sfiuehõc mk CoFG shluitïckolkctk gosto quk uco mk ios sfiuehfcks eolahk mk efifr. Efcskrvk kstos sfiuehfcks poro ki posf O.5.
O.1 Kc lkmhf ïehmf2 • Phkrto ?,: lI mk sfiuehõc mk erflotf mk pftoshf :,?L y mk mherflotf mk pftoshf :,?L kc mfs tuafs mk kcsoyf, rkspkethvolkctk. • Iukdf efc io phpkto lhmo uc vfiulkc mktkrlhcomf mk GEi ?L. • Odrkdor dfto o dfto io sfiuehõc mk GEi shluitïckolkc shluitïckolkctk tk gosto quk uco mk ios sfiuehfcks eolahk mk efifr. Efcskrvk kstos sfiuehfcks poro ki posf
O.5 Eflprfaoehõc mk io Qkvkrshahihmom2 Qkvkrshahihmom2 Uk troaobo sõif efc ios sfiuehfcks quk eolahorfc mk efifr kc ifs posfs O.? y O.1 rkspkethvolkctk. • Oi tuaf, mk O.? odrkduk dfto o dfto GEi ?L gosto eolahf mk efifroehõc. Ocftk ki vfiulkc.
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[CHPKQUHMOM COEHFCOI LOXFQ MK UOC LOQEFU @OE[I]OM MK _[ÌLHEO K HCDKCHKQHO _[ÌLHEO HC@FQLK MK IOAFQO]FQHF MK _[ÌLHEO HC]KDQOMO H
• Oi tuaf, mk O.1 odrkduk dfto o dfto CoFG ?L gosto eolahf mk efifroehõc. Ocftk ki vfiulkc.
A. Qkvkrshahihmom kctrk ki eifrurf mk ghkrrf (HHH) y ki thfehocotf mk pftoshf. Kquhiharhf +1
mk `frloehõc mki eflpikbf mk @k ( UEC ) Kc uc vosf prkehphtomf mk ;: li sk ik omhehfco 1: lI mk oduo mksthiomo y
oÿomhr ?: dftos mk sfiuehfcks mk @kEi5 :,1 L y iukdf 1: dftos mk uco sfiuehõc mk NUEC :,::1L, rkspkethvolkctk, rkspkethvolkctk, sk `frlo ki kquhiharhf. •
Zfstkrhfr Zfstkrhfrlkctk lkctk io sfi sfiuehõ uehõcc rks rksuitoc uitoctk tk mhv mhvhmhr hmhr kc portks portks hduoiks hduoiks o ifs eeuotrf uotrf tuafs tuafs mk
kcsoyf.
Ki prhlkr tuaf ks ki tuaf kstïcmor (f potrõc).
•
Oÿomhr Oÿomhr oi skdu skducmf cmf tuaf 1: dftos dftos mk ssfiue fiuehõc hõc mmkk NUEC. NUEC. Faskrvk Faskrvk y ocftk. ocftk.
•
Odrkdor Odrkdor ooii tkre tkrekr kr tua tuaff 1: dfto dftoss mk sfiu sfiuehõc ehõc mk @ @kEi5 kEi5.. Faskrvk Faskrvk y ocftk. ocftk.
Ifs mhsfivklfs efc io vorhiio mk vhmrhf
•
Oÿomh Oÿomhrr oi euo euortf rtf tu tuaf af uc ucfs fs eerhs rhstoi toiks ks mk eeifr ifrurf urf mmkk pftosh pftoshff y odhtor odhtor vhdfrfsolkctk.
•
Eflporor Eflporor ki efifr efifr mk mk eo eomo mo uc ucoo mk ios sfiue sfiuehfck hfckss efc efc rks rkspke pketf tf oi prhlkr prhlkr tuaf. Ocftk sus faskrvoehfcks. faskrvoehfcks.
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[CHPKQUHMOM COEHFCOI LOXFQ MK UOC LOQEFU @OE[I]OM MK _[ÌLHEO K HCDKCHKQHO _[ÌLHEO HC@FQLK MK IOAFQO]FQHF MK _[ÌLHEO HC]KDQOMO H
=,1.- MK]KQLHCOEHÕC E[OC]H]O]HPO MK IO EFCU]OC]K MK K_[HIHAQHF LKMHOC]K KI LÈ]FMF EFIFQHLÈ]QHEF
∑ ¶ ⇎ @k( UEC )∑ 1¶
5 + ¶+ UEC
@k
¶
+1
@kUEC ) \ sk o) Io efce efcekc kctr troe oehõ hõcc mk mkii hfc hfc thfe thfeho hoco cotf tf mk gh ghkr krrf rf (HH (HHH) H),, mo momf mf pf pfrr ^ ( @kUEC mktkrlhcorï pfr uco tèecheo efifrhlètrheo (hduoioehõc mk efifrks).
a) [co vkz efcfehmo io efcekctroehõ efcekctroehõcc mki hfc ( @kUEC )+1
sk pukmk pukmk eoieu eoieuior ior io
efcekctroehõcc mk ifs mklïs eflpfckctks kc ki kquhiharhf2 efcekctroehõ O porthr mk ios efcekctroehfcks hchehoiks y ifs vfiòlkcks klpikomfs mk ios sfiuehfcks NUEC EC sk mk y @k Ei5 y NU s k pu pukm kmkk eoie eoieui uior or io ef efce cekc kctr troe oehõ hõcc hc hche heho hoii mk if ifss hf hfck cks2 s2 ∑¶ ¶
+5
@k( oe ) y UEC (oe ) rkspkethvolkctk.
e) Io kxpkrhkceho sk pioctko mk lockro quk shklprk sk uthihzorï uc kxeksf mk rkoethvf thvf ihlhto ihlhtoctk ctk shkl shklprk prk skrï ki hfc hfc @k5 + ¶¶ osì ki rkoe ∑ ¶¶
UEC
Io efce efcekctro kctroehõc ehõc mk hfc
vo vorho rhorï, rï, l lhkc hkctro tross quk io efce efcekct kctroe roehõc hõc mmki ki hfc hfc UEC ∑¶¶ skrï efcstoctk. Io
vorhoehõc mk io efcekctroehõc mki hfc @k(HHH) sk faskrvorï pfr io mh`krkceho kc io hctkcshmom mki efifr rfbf (quk sk mkak o io `frloehõc mki hfc eflpikbf ( @kUEC )+( oe1 ) Io efcekctroehõc mki thfehocotf mk ghkrrf kc kquhiharhf skrï io lhslo quk io efcekctroehõc hchehoi mki UEC ― m) Ks ckeksorhf supfckr quk io rkoeehõc kc ki prhlkr tuaf iikdo o eflpiktorsk y kstk skrï +1
ki kstïc kstïcmor mor quk sk thkck poro poro mkt mktkrl krlhco hcorr io efc efcekc ekctro troehõ ehõcc mki hfc ( @kUEC )( oe) kc ifs mklïs tuafs, eflf io hctkcshmom mki efifr mkpkcmk mk kstk hfc y mk io prf`ucmhmom mki iìquhmf, sk pukmk hduoior ki efifr mki tuaf kstïcmor efc ki mk ifs tuafs, kxtroykcmf iìquhmf mki tuaf kstïcmor.
ZQFEKMHLHKC]F KWZKQHLKC]OI • Kc ehcef tuafs mk kcsoyfs ihlphfs y skefs, rftuiomfs efc ifs còlkrfs2 ?, 1, 5, = y ;, oÿomhr ;,: lI mk sfiuehõc mk thfehocotf mk pftoshf(NUEC) :,::1 L o eomoucf. ― Oÿomo ;,: lI mk @kEi5 :,1L oi tuaf ?, èstk skrï ki tuaf kstïcmor.
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[CHPKQUHMOM COEHFCOI LOXFQ MK UOC LOQEFU @OE[I]OM MK _[ÌLHEO K HCDKCHKQHO _[ÌLHEO HC@FQLK MK IOAFQO]FQHF MK _[ÌLHEO HC]KDQOMO H
― Zrkpork sfiuehfcks mk @kEi5 :,:7L, :,:51L, :,:?17L y :,::;?1L, o porthr mk io sfiuehõc :,1L pfr mhiuehfcks suekshvos. Osì poro fatkckr uco sfiuehõc :,:7L, sk lhmk ?:,: lI mk io sfiuehõc :,1L kc io prfakto dromuomo y sk eflpikto o 1; lI efc oduo mksthiomo (P' x L' < P" x L"), vhkrto ifs 1; lI mk io prfakto oi vosf mk ?;: lI ihlphf y skef, poro lkzeior ahkc.
― Mk io sfiuehõc fatkchmo kc ki vosf mk ?;: lI, lkmhr efc io phpkto ;,: lI y vhkrto oi tuaf (1). Iukdf lkmhr ?:,: lI y vkrtkr o io prfakto dromuomo ihlpho y skeo poro prkporor io sfiuehõc :,:51L mk @kEi5 (mkseortor io sfiuehõc quk qukmo kc ki vosf), eflpiktor kc io prfakto efc oduo mksthiomo gosto 1; lI. Lkzeik ahkc kc uc vosf mk ?;: lI. Mk ksto sfiuehõc skpork ;,: lI y vhkrto oi tuaf (5) y lhmo ?:,: lI poro prkporor io sfiuehõc :,:?17L, osì suekshvolkctk gosto eflpiktor ki rkstf mk ios sfiuehfcks. ― Eflporor ki efifr mk io sfiuehõc mki tuaf kstïcmor, tuaf (?) efc io mki tuaf (1) kcvukitfs kc popki aiocef, lhrocmf goeho oaobf o trovès mk ifs tuafs quk kstïc mhrhdhmfs o uco `ukctk mk iuz aioceo mh`uso. Kxtrokr iìquhmf mki tuaf kstïcmor gosto quk sk hduoikc ifs efifrks, ocftk io oituro mki iìquhmf kc ki tuaf kstïcmor y io mki tuaf eflporomf. (Ki efctkchmf quk sk kxtrok efc io phpkto mk ;,: lI mki tuaf kstïcmor sk vhkrtk kc ki vosf mk ?;: lI, yo quk, sh pfr uc loi eïieuif vhsuoi sk pfmrìo kxtrokr mkloshomf iìquhmf, ki euoi sk rkpfck sh ks ckeksorhf gosto quk sk hduoik io efifroehõc). ― Kc hduoi `frlo sk troaobo efc ifs porks mk tuafs2 ? y 5> ? y => y ? y ;. Kxtroykcmf iìquhmf shklprk mki tuaf kstïcmor. Ocftocmf ios oituros mk ifs mfs iìquhmfs kc ki lflkctf quk sk hduoikc ios hctkcshmomks mki efifr.
P.-QKU[I]OMFU ZOQ]K O2 EHCÈ]HEO =,? MK]KQLHCOEHÕC MK ^GEQF-=\ •
Go Goek ekrr iifs fs eïie eïieui uifs fs mk =^ =^GE GErF rF \ ∑
∑ ¶< 0.0 lI x
lfik ikss mk GEr GEr F = ¶ lf
? I ?::: lI
x
:.:11 lfiCo 1 U1 F5
? I
x
? lfiH 1 1 lfiCo1 U1 F5
∑¶
x 1 lfi GEr
F=
¶¶
5 lfi lfi H 1
1?
[CHPKQUHMOM COEHFCOI LOXFQ MK UOC LOQEFU @OE[I]OM MK _[ÌLHEO K HCDKCHKQHO _[ÌLHEO HC@FQLK MK IOAFQO]FQHF MK _[ÌLHEO HC]KDQOMO H ∑;
< x ¶ lf lfik ikss mk GE GErr F∑= ¶ =.7= ?:
lfi ¶
¶¶ + 5 ∑ ¶ ↑ 5 H 1( oe)+ 1 Er( oe)+7 G 1 F (i ) ¶
∑ ¶+ = G (+oe¶ +)0 H 1 GEr F =( oe )
( oe)
¶
¶
;li mk sfiuehõc O
1li mk sfiuehõc A
H 1( oe )+ 1 Co1 U 1 F5( oe ) ↑ 1 Co( oe )+ Co = U = F0 ( oe ) ∑¶
? lfi H 1 :.:11 lfiCo1 U 1 F5 F= ? I ¶¶ x 1 lfiGEr x x 5 lfi lfi H 1 1 lfiCo1 U1 F5 ? I ?::: lI
∑ ¶< ;.; lI x
lfik ikss mk GEr GEr F = ¶ lf
∑ ¶< =.:5 x ?:∑; lfi ¶
¶ lf lfik ikss mk GEr GEr F = ¶¶
∑¶
∑ ¶< =.0 lIx
lfik ikss mk GErF GErF = ¶ lf ∑ ¶< 5.54 x ?: ¶ lf lfik ikss mk GEr GEr F =
∑;
F= ? lfiH 1 :.:11 lfiCo 1 U1 F5 ? I ¶¶ x 1 lfiGEr x x 5 lfiH 1 1 lf ? I ?::: lI lfii Co1 U 1F 5
lfi ¶
¶¶ ∑¶
∑ ¶< 5.7 lI x
lfik ikss mk GErF GErF = ¶ lf
∑;
∑ ¶< 1.474 x ?: lfik ikss mk GEr GEr F = ¶ lf
:.:11 lfiCo1 U 1 F5 ? lfi H 1 F= ? I x x x 1 lfiGEr ¶¶ ?::: lI ? I 1 lf lfii Co1 U1 F5 5 lfiH 1
lfi ¶
¶¶
∑¶
∑ ¶< 5.1 lI x
lfik ikss mk GErF GErF = ¶ lf ∑ ¶< 1.5= x ?: ¶ lf lfik ikss mk GEr GEr F =
∑;
F= ? lfi lfi H 1 :.:11 lfiCo1 U 1F 5 ? I ¶¶ x 1 lfiGEr x x 1 lfi Co1 U1 F5 ? I ?::: lI 5 lfiH 1
lfi ¶
¶¶
∑¶
F= ? lfiH 1 :.:11 lfiCo 1 U1 F5 ? I ¶¶ x 1 lfi GEr x x 1 lfiCo1 U1 F5 ? I ?::: lI 5 lfi lfi H 1
∑ ¶< 1.0 lI x
¶ lf lfik ikss mk GEr GEr F =
lfik ikss mk GEr GEr F∑= ¶< ?.8? x ?: ¶ lf
∑ ; lfi
¶
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[CHPKQUHMOM COEHFCOI LOXFQ MK UOC LOQEFU @OE[I]OM MK _[ÌLHEO K HCDKCHKQHO _[ÌLHEO HC@FQLK MK IOAFQO]FQHF MK _[ÌLHEO HC]KDQOMO H
¶¶
∑¶
∑ ¶< 1.1 lI x
lfik ikss mk GEr GEr F = ¶ lf
:.:11 lfiCo1 U 1 F 5 ? lfi lfi H 1 F= ? I ¶¶ x x x 1 lfiGEr ?::: lI ? I 1lfi Co1 U1 F5 5 lfi lfi H 1
∑ ¶< ?.0?5 x ?:∑ ; lfi ¶
lfik ikss mk GEr GEr F = ¶ lf ¶¶
O) ]oa ]oaio io mk Qksui Qksuitom tomfs fs
A.-Dro`heor ^GErF \∑kc `ucehõc mki thklpf.
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[CHPKQUHMOM COEHFCOI LOXFQ MK UOC LOQEFU @OE[I]OM MK _[ÌLHEO K HCDKCHKQHO _[ÌLHEO HC@FQLK MK IOAFQO]FQHF MK _[ÌLHEO HC]KDQOMO H
Mktkrlhcor io vkifehmom hchehoi y P :< n prflkmhf prflkmhf ^ GEr F = ″ \
∑?
P :< :.:?714 lhc
(8.07: x ?:∑ 5 L ) ∑5
P :< :.?407;5 x ?:
Pkifehmomks hcstoctïckos ∑ ¶ ↑ 5 H
∑ ¶+ = G + ¶ +0 H GErF F =( oe ) (oe ) 1 GEr
( oe)
+ 5 + 1 Er +7 G F ¶ ( oe) 1 (i)
1( oe)
¶
¶
Pkifehmom hcstoctïcko hcstoctïcko ]< : lhc y ]
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