Informe 1 Instrumental
July 5, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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SDLA_DIGÙ@ ^AXK@IGAJÇX_GID ÄIGHA ’ ODYK KYXD@HD_GVDIGÙ@ HK LDY YAL[IGA@KY W D^LGIDIGA@KY Ldurd jklgssd kspdôd (423>372-?494) ldurd.kspd`dNiarrkau`gvdllk.khu.ia Fk``gckr ^khrazd(423=>4>-?494) fk``gckr.pkhrazdNiarrkau`gvdllk.khu.ia fk``gckr.pkhrazdNia rrkau`gvdllk.khu.ia ^racksar 6Bdral Hgdz Ykmurd Ckibd hk rkdlgzdigù`6K`kra 43 hk ?>?4 Ckibd hk k`trkmd6 K`kra 47 hk ?>?4 Hkpdrtdjk`ta hk Tuêjgid, Cdiultdh hk Igk`igds @dturdlks y Kxditds, [`gvkrsghdh hkl Sdllk
_ksujk`6 Yk llkvd llkvdra ra` ` d id idoa oa hg hgck ckrk rk`t `tks ks tg tgtu tuld ldiga iga`k `kss patk patk`i `iga gajç jçtr trgid gidss äigh äighaa-od odsk sk.. ^d ^drd rd klla klla sk pr prkp kpdr drù ù u`d u`d sa salu luig igù` ù` hk @d @dAB AB ia ia` ` ia`i ia`ik` k`tr trdi digù gù` ` tk tkùr ùrgi gidd hk >. >.>4 >4 J, ld iudl iudl sk ks kstd td`h `hdr drgz gzù ù ia` ia` ctdldta äigha hk patdsga (EB^), rksultd`ha u`d ia`ik`trdigù` hk >.>44? J5 dhkjäs, sk prkpdrdra` saluiga`ks hk BIl y B9^A8, djods ia` u`d ia`ik`trdigù` tkùrgid hk >.>4 J. Kstds saluiga iga`ks cukra` tgtuld ldh hds ia` ia` kl @dAB kstd`hdrgzdha y utglgz lgzd`ha u` pB-jktra sk hk hktk tkrj rjg` g`dr dra` a` lds lds ia`i ia`ik` k`tr trdi diga ga`k `kss d pd pdrt rtgr gr hk hkll pB rk rkmg mgst strd rdha ha y valu valujk jk` ` md mdst stdh dha. a. ^drd ^drd kl BI BIll ld ia`ik`trdigù` aotk`ghd cuk >.>>28> J, y ld hkl B9^A8 >,>>78> J. ^ar öltgja, sk rkdlgzù ld tg tgtu tuld ldig igù` ù` hk u` u`dd ju juks kstr trdd hk vg`d vg`dmr mrkk iajk iajkri rigd gdll , pd pdrd rd ld iudl iudl sk ao aotu tuva va u` u`dd ia`i ia`ik` k`tr trdi digù gù` ` >, >,29 29 J , ia` u` krrar hkl 4= %.
^dld ^dldor ords ds ildv ildvks ks66 patk`igajktrêd, patk`igajktrêd, klkitraha sklkitgva hk ga`ks, iurvd hk tgtuldigù`, Jçtaha hk Mrd`
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ Las iäliulas rkdlgzdhas pdrd prkpdrdr lds saluiga`ks hk @dAB6 Hdtas, iäliulas y rksultdhas Iurvd Iurvd hk vd vdla lard rdig igù` ù` pa patk tk`i `iga gajç jçtr trgi gidd pdrd pdrd @dAB ia` EB^6 Yk prkpdrdra` ?;.>>´>.>? jL hk @dAB d pdrtgr hkl d`dlgta mrdha rkditgva, ld iudl sk skrê rêdd ld sa salu luig igù` ù` d tr trdo dodf dfdr dr.. ^a ^ast stkr krga garj rjk` k`tk tk sk rkdlgzù ld hgluigù` `kiksdrgd pdrd ia`skmugr u`d saluigù` gù` hk ia` ia`ik`trdigù igù` >.>4 J, ld iudl hkogù kstd`hdrgzdrsk pdrd
97.77= m @ @ dAB >.4 jal @ @ dAB x 4>>>jL 4 jal @ @ dAB 4>> m : >.4>4> m hk @dAB 77 m @ @ dAB
?;jL x
x
^drd ld kstd`hdrgzdigù`, sk pksù >.>4>8´>,>>>4 EB EB^ ^ dl 77 77% % `k `kik iksd sdrg rga a pd pdrd rd ia`sujgr u` valujk` hk @dAB >.>4 J hk dpraxgjdhdjk`tk ;.>> jL, iaja sk jukstrd k` kl sgmugk`tk iäliula6
mdrd`tgzdr ia` kxditgtuh su ia`ik`trdigù`. 4
jal @ @ dAB ;.>> jL xx >.>4 4>>> x jL ?>8.?? m EB EB ^ x 4 jal EB EB ^
4>> m x 77 m EB EB ^
4 jal EB EB ^ 4 jal @ @ dAB
:>, >4>8 m EB^. Ld jds dsdd hk EB EB^ ^ d`tk d`tkrrgar gar cuk cuk hkp kpa asg sgtd tdh hd k` u` vdsa hk 4>>.>> jL y sk dmrkmdra` dpraxgjdhdjk`tk 8>.>> jL hk dmud hkstgldhd ia` kl cg` hk cdiglgtdr lds g`tkrdiiga`ks jalkiuldrks, dsê iaja ld dmgtdigù` hkl jkhga. ^astkrgarjk`tk sk g`trahufa kl klkitraha y sk praikhgù d vdlardr ia` ld saluigù` hk @dAB.
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Xdold 4. Hdtas hk kstd`hdrgzdigù` hk @dAB ia` ctdldta äigha hk patdsga. S (jL) @dAB
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D cg` hk aotk`kr u`d jdyar kxditgt itgtu uh k` ld hk hkttkr krjg jg` `digù digù` ` hkl hkl pu` u`ta ta hk kq kqu ugvdl gvdlk` k`ig igd, d, sk rkdlgz lgzd ld prgj gjkkrd hkrgvdhd hk las hdtas d` d`tk tkrg rgar arks ks,, la lass hdta hdtass aotk aotk`g `gha hass sk ju juks kstr trd` d` d ia`tg`udigù`.
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Mräcgid 4. Iurvd hk tgtuldigù` hk ld
Xdold ?. Hdtas prgjkrd hkrgvdhd hk ld kstd`hdrgzdigù` hk @dAB S (jL) @dAB
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D cg` hk aoskrvdr ia` ildrghdh kl pu`ta hk kqugvdlk`igd, sk rkdlgzd ld mräcgid hk ld prgjkrd hkrgvdhd.
?. ^rgjkrd
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hk
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Xdold 9. _ksultdhas aotk`ghas pdrd ld kstd`hdrgzdigù` hk @dAB. pB p.kq
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Ld ia` ia`ik`trdigù igù` hdhd d`tkrga garrjk`tk sk bdllù hk ld sgmugk`tk jd`krd6
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77 jm EB EB ^ 4>> jm J J
4 j jal EB E B ^ 4 jjal @ @ dAB dAB x x x ?>8.?? jm EB EB ^ ^ 4 jjal EB E B ^ jL x 8.;> 4 jL x x 4>>> : 4 L
>.44? J U@dABZ D`älgsgs kstdhêstgia ia`ik`trdigù` hk @dAB
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ld
6 Jdsd hkl pdtrù` prgjdrga
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9
6 Salujk` prajkhga hk tgtuld`tk
(@dAB) dmrkmdha 6 Ia`ik`trdigù` hkl tgtuld`tk (@dAB)
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par
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hk
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YSX : >,>?2 ^drd rkpartdr ld g`ikr ikrtgh ghu ujork kl vdlar sk
kxpkrgjk`tdlks quk6
dpraxgjù d >,>9 jL.
: >,>4>8
Yk kx kxpr prks ksù ù ld ia`i ia`ik` k`tr trdi digù gù` ` hk @d @dAB AB ia` ia` ld sgmugk`tk kiudigù`6
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Hk ld kiudigù` d`tkrgar sk hkhuik quk ld cù cùrj rjul uldd pdrd pdrd bdlld bdlldrr ld pr prap apdm dmdi digù gù` ` hkl hkl kr krra rarr dlkd dlkdta targ rga a iarr iarrks kspa pa`h `hkk d ld ju jult ltgp gplglgid idig igù` ù` a hgvgsgù` ld iudl ks6
: >,>>>4
j EB EB ^ S X
: >,>9 L
YSX cuk hk >,>9 jL yd quk sk tgk`k quk pdrd idhd u`a hk las valöjk`ks u`d g`ikrtghujork hk >,>?jL, sgk`ha sgk`ha SX u` pra rajk jkhg hga a k` k`tr trkk has val alö öjk` k`ks ks,, par tdl, SX sk pu pukh khkk kx kxpr prks ksdr dr hk ld sg sgmu mugk gk`t `tkk carjd6 S X :
S X 4 + S X ? ?
Dplgid Dplg id`h `ha a ld cù cùrj rjul uldd d`tkrg tkrgar ar d ld kiud kiudig igù` ù` hk ld ia`ik`trdigù` hk @dAB sk aotgk`k6
Dl sk skrr kl ia iaig igk` k`tk tk u`d u`d ia ia`s `std td`t `tk, k, sk ut utglglgz gzdd ld prap prapdm dmdi digù gù` ` hkl hkl kr krra rarr dl dlkd kdta targ rga a pdrd pdrd su sujd jdss y rkstds lamrd`ha dsê ld sgmugk`tk kiudigù`6 _k _kkj kjpl pldz dzd` d`ha ha k` ld kiu kiudi digù gù` ` la lass rk rksu sult ltdh dhas as sa`6 (kiudigù` 4 )
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_kkjpldzd`ha las vdlarks k` ld kiudigù` d`tkrgar y sdid`ha rdêz iudhrdhd6
Hk diukr iukrh ha ia` ia` ld hks ksvg vgddigù` igù` rk rkpa part rtddhd, ld hksvgdigù` präitgi itgidd ks jdyar, ksta qugkrk hkigr quk `a sk iujplk y ks hkogha d las prajkhgas hk lds ia`ik`trdiga`ks, k`ta`iks
sk
hkok
rkpld`tkdr
ld 8
u`d
B9^A8 mrdha rkditgva ( :>.4=´>.>4 , hk`sghdh 4,=4 m/jL, purkzd 2;%). D ia`t ia`tg` g`ud udig igù` ù` sk juks jukstr trd` d` la lass rk rksp spki kitg tgva vass iäliulas pdrd ld prkpdrdigù` hk hgibds saluiga`ks6
4 y ? rk rksp spkit kitgvd gvdjk jk`t `tk, k, pkrt pkrtk` k`kik kik` `d lds ia`ik`trdiga`ks ia` las hgckrk`tks valö valöjk jk`k `kss hk tgtul gtulddig igù` ù`,, id idhd hd va valu luj jk` hk tg tgtu tuld ldig igù` ù` pask paskkk u` u`dd g`ik g`ikrt rtgh ghuj ujor orkk hk >. >.>? >? jL,, sk hko jL kokk ia ia` `aikr aikr ld g` g`ik ikrrtg tghu hujo jork rk pdrd idh idhd ia ia` `ik ik` `trdi trdigù gù`, `, par la td`ta d`ta ods dstd td ia` ia` utglgz lgzdr ld cùrjuld mk`krdl ia` kl valujk` iarrkspa`hgk`tk. Kl rksultdha skrêd6
B B 9 ^ A8 ?;.>> jL xx >.4> jjal x x 4jjal B 4 jL B 9 ^ A8
ia`ik`trdigù` hkl @dAB iaja ia`ik`trdigù` prajkhga, iaja sgmuk6
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4>> jm 4 jl sl` sl` ia`i x 4.=4 4.=4 x x 4> 4> .9 jm sl` sl` ia`i ia`i 2; jm
:
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B9^A8 >.>4 J J 4 jL B B 9 ^ A8 4>> jL xx >.>44jjal : x >.4 jjal B B 9 ^ A8 jL sl` sl` hgl 4> jL saluigù` hk trdodfa
Y IX ? : >.>>>44? J Dplgid Dplg id`h `ha a ld d`tk d`tkrg rga ar ki kiu udi digù gù` ` d ld cùrj cùrju uld mk`krdl pdrd ld ia`ik`trdigù` sk tgk`k quk6
_kkjpldzd`ha las vdlarks y sdid`ha rdgz iudhrdhd sk aotgk`k quk 6
Ld carjd iarrkitd hk rkpartdr ia`ik`trdigù` hk @dAB skrêd 6
7=,77 jm
ld
[`d vkz [`d vkz pr prkp kpdr drdh dhds ds ta tahd hdss ld ldss sa salu luig iga` a`ks ks,, sk tajdra` ;.>>´>.>9 jL hk ld saluigù` hk >.>4 J, a saluigù` hk d`älgsgs, y sk hkpasgtdra` k` u` okdekr hk 4>> jL dmrkmd`ha skmughdjk`tk u`as 9; jL hk dmud hkstgldhd pdrd cdiglgtdr ld bajamk`kgzdigù` hk ld jgsjd hurd`tk ld vdlardigù`, dsê iaja kl iarrkita cu`iga`djgk`ta hkl pB jktra dl k` k`ia ia`t `trd rdrs rskk ks kstç tç tatd tatdlj ljk` k`tk tk su sujk jkrm rmgh gha a k` ld saluigù`. ^astkrgarjk`tk sk tdouldra` las hdtas aotk`ghas hk ld kstd`hdrgzdigù`.
U @ dAB Z dAB Z : (>.>44?圑 >.>>>?) jal / L
Xdold 8. Sdlardigù` B 9^A8
Iurvd hk vdlardigù` patk`igajçtrgid pdrd kl B9^A8 ^drd llkvdr d idoa ld rkdlgzdigù` hk ld rksp rkspki kitg tgvd vd iurv iurvd, d, sk pr prkp kpddrù u` u`dd sa salu luig igù` ù` hk trdodfa (?;.>>´>.>? jL) ia` u`d ia ia`i `ik` k`tr trdi digù gù` ` tkùr tkùrgi gidd hk >. >.4> 4> J d pd pdrt rtgr gr hk hkll
Salujk` jL @dAB @dAB
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La Lass rk rksu sult ltdh dhas as aotk aotk`g `gha hass sk rk rkpr prks ksk` k`td td` ` k` ld sgmugk`tk mräcgid6
Mräcgid 9. Iurvd hk tgtuldigù` pdrd B 9^A8 D ia`t ia`tg` g`ud udig igù ù` sk ju juks kstr trdd` la lass hdtas dtas hk ld prgjkrd hkrgvdhd. Xdold ;. prgjkrd hkrgvdhd hk vdlardigù` B9^A8 Salujk` jL @dAB
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Las rksultdhas d`tkrgarks rkprksk`tdhas k` ld sgmugk`tk mräcgid6
sa`
Mräc Mräcggid 8. Iu Iurv rvdd hk ld prgjk rgjkrd rd hk hkrg rgvvdh dhdd hk B9^A8
Xdold 3. _ksultdhas aotk`ghas pdrd ld kstd`hdrgzdigù`
pB pu`ta hk kqugvdlk`igd
jL @dAB pu`ta UB9^A8Z hk kqugvdlk`igd jal/L =
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Xdold =. Ykmu`hd hkrgvdhd Sdlardigù` B9^A ^A 8 Salujk` jL @dAB
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Mräcgid ;. Iurvd hk skmu`hd hkrgvdhd hk B9^A8
2
Ld ia ia`i `ik` k`tr trdi digù gù` ` hk äi äigh gha a casc cascùr ùrgi gia a sk bdllù bdllù ut utglglgz gzd` d`ha ha kl prgj prgjkr kr pu pu`t `ta a hk kq kqug ugvd vdlk lk`i `igd gd,, iaja sk jukstrd d ia`tg`udigù`6 jL xx 8.?> jL
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B B 9 ^ A 8 x 44 jjal x ;.>>4 jL jjal @ @ dAB
puksta quk `a sk k`iuk`trd tdouldha, sg` kjodrma, kl vdlar jäs ikrid`a skrêd 3.;> jL hk @dAB, ia` u` pB hk =.4?. utglgzd`ha ld kiudigù`, sk idliuld kl pEd ?6
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8
D ia ia`t `tg` g`ud udig igù ù` sk bdll bdllddra ra` ` las las iä iäli liu ulas las hk pEd 4 y pEd ? rkspkitgvdjk`tk ^drd ld prgjkrd ia`std`tk hk hgsaigdigù` ( 4) sk utglgzdrä ld kiudigù` hk Bk`hkrsa`-Bdssklodlib.
Iud`h Iud `ha a sk ia`s ia`suj ujkk ta tah ha kl B 9^A8 lu lukm kma a hkl hkl pr prgj gjkr kr pu`t pu`ta a hk kq kqug ugvd vdlk lk`i `igd gd,, sù sùla la sk pask paskkk u` oucckr iarrkspa`hgk`tk d lds has kspkigk ksp kigkss d`t d`tkrga krgarks rks,, iuy iuyds ds ia` ia`ik` ik`trd trdiga iga`ks `ks sk gm gmud udld ld` ` dl dô dôdh dhgr gr dp dpra raxg xgjd jdhd hdjk jk`t `tkk 3. 3.32 32 jL hk @dAB. =.4? : pE pEd d? + >
pB 4? pkq : kl pB rkmgstrdha iud`ha sk bd dmrkmdha ld jgtdh hkl valujk` hk kqugvdlk`igd, ks hkigr, ?.4> jL @dAB. Dl rkjgtgr gtgr` `as d ld tdold sk aoskrvd quk kstk vdlar `a kstä rkmgstrdha, sg` kjodrma pahkjas tajdr kl vdlar jäs ikrid`a, ks hkigr, ?.> jL y kl pB quk lk iarrkspa`hk d kstk vdlar ks hk 9,?4.
p Ed E d ? : =.4 =.4? ?
Yustgtuyk`ha las vdlarks k` ld d`tkrgar kiudigù` tk`kjas quk 6 9.?4 : pE pEd d4 + lam (4) ( 4)
^A 8 Mräcgid 3. Jçtaha mrd` pdrd kl B B9 ^A
9.?4 : pEd pE d 4 + >
Iurvd Iurvd hk vd vdla lard rdig igù` ù` patk patk`i `iga gajç jçtr trgi gidd pd pdrd rd kl BIl Ia` kl cg` hk rkdlgzd gzdr ld rkspkit itgv gvdd iur iurvd hk vdlardigù`, sk prkpdrù ?;.>>´>,>? jL hk BIll ia` BI ia` u`d ia` ia`ik` ik`trd trdigù igù` tkù tkùrg rgid id hk >.4 .4> > J d pdrt pdrtgr gr hkl BI BIll mr mrddha rkd kdit itgv gva. a. ^d ^drd rd ks ksta ta sk ta taj jdr dra` a` dp dpra raxg xgjd jdhd hdjk jk` `tk >. >.?> ?>´> ´>.> .>4 4 jL (hk`sghdh 4,47 m/jL, purkzd 9= %) hkl rkditgva y sk dmrkmdra` k` u` jdtrdz valujçtrgia hk ?;.>>´>.>? jL.
p E Ed d 4 : 9.?4 9.?4
@ukvdj @ukv djk` k`tk tk pdrd pdrd rk rkdl dlgz gzdr dr kl iä iäli liul ula a pd pdrd rd kl pEd ? sk tajd kl jgs gsj ja praikhgjgk`ta, sk hkok jultgplgidr kl skmu`ha pu`ta hk kqugvdlk`igd par >,=; y dsê bdlldr kl pu`ta jkhga la iudl hd iaja rksultdha 3.32 jL, `a sk tgk gk` `k` lk lkit itur urdds hk pB pdr drdd ks ksttk vdla vdlar, r,
7
^astkrgarjk`tk sk rkdlgzù ld hgluigù` `kiksdrgd pdrd ia` ia`skmugr u`d salu luig igù ù` hk ia`ik`trdigù` >.>4 J, ld iudl hkogù kstd`hdrgzdrsk pdrd mdrd`tgzdr ia` kxditgtuh su ia`ik`trdigù`. ia`ik`trdigù`. ^astkrga garrjk`tk sk jukstrd` las iä iälliula iulass
8,9=
7,49
8,2=
7,;8
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7,=7
;,2=
4>,44
3,9=
4>,?=
3,2=
4>,;8
rkdlgzdhas pdrd prkpdrdr hgibds saluiga`ks6 BI l 93, 8= jm BI BI BI l ?;.>> jL jL sl` sl` x x >.4 jjal x x 4 jL jL 4>> jm 4 jL x 4,47 x 4> *9 jm :>?>= 4,47 x 9= jm
BI l 4 jjal BI
jL BIl
^drd ld tgtuldigù` hk BIl >.>4 J sk utglgzù @dAB @dA B kst kstd`h d`hdrg drgzdh zdha a ia` u`d ia` ia`ik` ik`trd trdigù` igù` hk >. >.>4 >44? 4? J rkd rkdlgzd lgzd`h `ha a td tdll pra raik ikh hgjgk gjgk` `ta par huplgidha. (_kdx 4) D ia ia`t `tg` g`ud udig igù ù`, sk td tdou ould ld` ` las las rk rksspk pkit itgv gvas as hdtas aotk`ghas k` ld vdlardigù` ia` su mräcgia. Xdold 2. Sdlardigù` BIl S (jL) hk @dAB
pB
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9,>4
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9,48
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9,?9
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9,9;
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9,87
9,>?
9,=7
9,;?
;,98
9,2=
2,49
Mräc räcgid =. Iurvd hk tgtuldigù` vdlardi rdigù` BIl Xdold 7. ^rgjkrd hkrgvdhd hk BIl S (jL) hk @dAB
pB
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S (jL) hk @dAB
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8,73
9,82
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9,74
-48,>2
8,9=
-?,92
8,2=
->,3>
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3,9=
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Mräcgid 2. ^rgjkrd hkrgvdhd hk BIl
Xdold 4>. _ksultdhas aotk`ghas pdrd ld kstd`hdrgzdigù`.
pB pu`ta hk jL @dAB pu`ta kqugvdlk`igd hk kqugvdlk`igd kqugvdlk`igd
UBIlZ jal/L
;.2;
>.>>28>
9.=8
9,;8
@ @ dAB jjal BI BI l jL x jL x >.>44? jjal x 4 4jjal 4 jL @ @ dAB
:>.>>28> J UBIlZ
x ;.>> 4jL
Mräcgid 7. Iurvd hk skmu`hd hkrgvdhd hk BIl Iurvdd hk vd Iurv vdla lard rdig igù` ù` pa patk tk`i `iga gajç jçtr trgi gidd hk ld jukstrd ia` @dAB
Xdold 44. Ykmu`hd hkrgvdhd B BIl Il 44
Yk tajdra` 4.?>´>.>9 jL hk u`d saluigù` hk vg`dmrk ;% pdrd prkpdrdr 4>> jL d u`d ia`ik`trdigù` hk >.>4 J. 4>> jL jL sl` sl` x x jL vg`dmrk 4>> jL 9 jm BA x x 4> BA Di ; 4> x
`kiksdrgas
BA Di BA Di 3>.>; jm BA >,>4 jjal BA x j jal BA BA Di jL jL sl` sl` 4 4
:
4,?>4
jL
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3,43
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3,;?
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=,>>
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2,?3
3,>>
7,98
3,;>
7,7;
=,>>
4>,?>
vg`dmrk
Xdold 4?. Hdtas vdlardigù` hk ld jukstrd strd IB9IAAB S (jL) hk @dAB
pB
>,>>
9,2?
>,;>
9,77
4,>>
8,47
4,;>
8,92
Mräcgid 4>. Iurvd vdlardigù` IB IB9 IAAB
?,>>
8,;8
Xdold 49. ^rgjkrd hkrgvdhd IB 9IAAB
?,;>
8,=?
9,>>
8,2;
9,;>
;,>;
8,>>
;,?3
8,?>
;,93
8,8>
;,83
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S (jL) hk @dAB
pB
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4,=;
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8,9>
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9,>>
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47,;>
;,2>
-8,;>
3,>2
-44,78
3,;>
-4,88
Mräcgid 44. Iurvd IB9IAAB
prgjkrd
hkrgvdhd
Xdold 48. Ykmu`hd hkrgvdhd IB IB 9IAAB S (jL) hk @dAB
pB
>,;>
>,4?
4,>>
->,>8
4,;>
->,4?
Mräcgid 4?. Ykmu`hd hkrgvdhd IB IB9 IAAB
49
Mräcgid 49. Mrd` pdrd vdlardigù` IB IB 9IAAB
?,>>
8,;8
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8,=>
9,>>
8,23
9,;>
;,>9
8,>>
;,?;
8,;>
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8,7>
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3,>?
;,;>
3,94
;,=>
3,=3
;,7>
=,48
3,4>
7,97
3,9>
7,3=
Xdold 4;. Hdtas huplgidha vdlardigù` IB9IAAB S (jL) hk @dAB
pB
>,>>
9,2?
>,;>
8,>?
4,>>
8,?4
4,;>
8,92
Mräcgid 48. Iurvd prgjkrd hkrgvdhd hkl huplgidha hk IB IB9 IAAB Xd Xdo old 43. 43. Yk Ykmu mu`h `hdd hkrgv krgvdh dhdd hkl hu hupl plggidh idha hk IB9AAB
48
S jL @dAB
pB
>,;>
->,>8
4,>>
->,>2
4,;>
->,>8
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8,89
->,=4
8,=>
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8,7>
-?,?;
;,4;
->,=;
;,8;
;,>2
;,=>
-4,=;
;,7>
83,=;
3,4>
-87,?;
Mräcgid 43. Iurvd hkl jktaha mrd` pdrd huplgidha hk ld vdlardigù` hk IB IB9 IAAB
Ia`ik`trdigù` tkùrgid pdrtgk`ha hkl ; % p/v hk ld jukstrd hk vg`dmrk ; mI B 9 IAA B >,4 Lvg`dmrk
*
4jalIB9IAAB 3>,>;? mI B 9 IAA B
:>,29JIB9IAAB Xk`gk`ha k` iuk`td las valöjk`ks ia ia`s `suj ujgh ghas as k` ld tgtu tgtuld ldig igù` ù` y ld ldss hglu hgluig iga` a`ks ks rk rkdl dlgz gzdh dhds ds pdrd pdrd ld `kut `kutrd rdlgz lgzdi digù gù`, `, sk idliu idliulù lù ld ia`ik`trdigù` hkl 9 k` ld jukstrd ia` las hdtas hk lds tdolds d`tkrgarks. Yk tgk`k quk6 9 + ↟ 9+ ?
Mräc räcgid 4;. Iurv rvdd hk ld skmu`hd hkrgv rgvdhd hkl huplgidha IB9 IAAB 4;
Ia`ik`trdigù` : ;.2;% p/v
D`älgsgs hk rksultdhas K` kstd präitgid sk hktkrjg`ù ld ia`ik`trdigù` hk äigha diçtgia, äigha casc cascùr ùrgi gia a y äi äigh gha a ilar ilarbê bêhr hrgi gia a pa parr jk jkhg hga a hk ld hk vd vdla lard rdig iga` a`ks ks patk patk`i `iga gajç jçtr trgi gids ds,, ks kstd td sk idrd idrdit itkr krgz gzdd par par tgtu tgtuld ldrr u` u`dd ju juks kstr trdd d ld iu iudl dl smk k `lkrd k db dikk` u `k sklkmklki ukitr gjtra gka`ha ta g` hkhgid l idh phaar tk`yigkl dl mk` kr ha k`tr trk kl g`hg hk rk rkck ckrk rk`i `igd gd,, hgib hgiba a pa patk tk`i `igd gdll (v (vdl dlar ar hk pB pB)) dujk`td lkvkjk`tk d jkhghd quk sk dvd` vd`zd k` ld tgtu tgtuld ldig igù` ù`,, bds dstd td quk sk llkm llkmdd d u`d rkmgù` k` ld iudl ld vdrgdigù` hkl patk patk`i `igd gdll du dujk jk`t `tdd hk jd jd`k `krd rd sgm` sgm`gc gcgid gidtg tgvd vd,, g` g`hg hgid id`h `ha a ds dsêê quk quk ld tgtu tgtuld ldig igù` ù` hk hkll d` d`dl dlgt gta a k` iukstgù` sk bd iajplktdha U4Z. Yk utglg tglgzù zù u` kl klki kittrah raha jgxt gxta, kl iu iudl dl pa pask skkk u`d sa`hd iglê glê`hrgid quk kstä ia ia` `stgtugh ghdd par u` klkitraha g`hgidhar hk vghrga y u` klkitraha hk rkckrk`igd hk Dm-DmIl. D su vkz, u` skmu`ha klkitraha hk Dm-DmIl cu`iga`d iaja ld rkckrk`igd g`tkr`d hkl klkitraha g`hgidhar hk vghrga, hgibas klki klkitr trah ahas as (g`h (g`hgi gidh dhar ar hk vghr vghrga ga y klki klkitr trah aha a kxtkr`a hk rkckrk`igd hk Dm-DmIl) sk k`iuk`trd` uogidhas hk`tra hk ld sa`hd (vkr cgmurd 4) U4Z .
Ha`hk ld rkckrk`igd kxtkr`d (quk sk k` k`iu iuk` k`tr trdd k` ld pdrt pdrtkk g`tk g`tkr` r`dd hk hkll klki klkitr trah aha) a) ks ld quk k` k`tr trdd k` klki klkitr trah aha a) ks ld qu qukk k` k`tr trdd k` ia`t ia`tdi dita ta ia` ia` ia`t ia`tdi dita ta ia` ia` ld sa salu luig igù` ù` hk d`d d`dlgta lgta par jk jkh hga hk u` u`dd cr crgt gtdd hk vghr vghrga ga quk kstä carjdhd par u`d rkh kxtk`sd hk mrupas sglgidta, k` ld quk idhd ätaja hk sglgiga kstä u`gha d iudtra ätajas hk axêmk`a y idhd u`a hk kstas axêmk`as ks iajpdrtgha par has ätajas h hkk sglgiga U4Z . K` kstd präitgid sk utglgzù gzù kl pB-jktra y `a u` g` g`h hgid gidha harr qu quêj êjgi gia a, yd quk ld hks hksvk`t vk`tdf dfdd hk ks kstk tk cr crk` k`tk tk dl g` g`hg hgid idh har g` g`st strruj ujk` k`td tdll ks qukk ai qu aiddsg sga` a`dd u` kr krrrar g` g`sstru trujk jk` `tdl tdl ks quk aidsga`d u` krrar par kxiksa k` ld tgtuldigù` puksta quk hkpk`hk hk ld id idpd pdig ighd hdh h hk hkll af afa a bu bujd jd`a `a pd pdrd rd hgst hgstg` g`mu mugr gr kl jajk`ta k` kl quk aiurrk kl idjoga hk ial ialar k` ld salu luiigù gù` ` quk sk kstç d`dlgzd gzd`ha mk`krd`ha dsê quk sk tk`md quk dhgiga iga`dr u` pk pkqu qukô kôa a kx kxik iksa sa hk têtu têtuld ld`t `tk, k, pd pdrd rd la lamr mrdr dr kvghk`igdr iarrkitdjk`tk kl cg`dl hk ld vdlardigù` U?Z .
43
Jgk`tr Jgk` trds ds quk quk kl pB pB-j -jkt ktra ra pkrj pkrjgt gtkk aosk aoskrv rvdr dr hk jd`krd prkigs igsd kl cg` g`ddl hk ld vdlar lardigù igù` mrdigds gds dl id idj joga orusia quk sk argm gmg` g`dd k` u`d rkmgù` hk las vdlarks h sk argmg`d k` u`d rkmgù` hk las vdlarks hk pB. Iaja prgjkrd g`std`igd sk tgk`k ld vdlardigù` hk @dAB ia` EB^, k` klld sk prkpdrdra` ?; jL hk @dAB , pdrd ld ks ksttd` d`hd hdrg rgzd zdig igù` ù` sk pk pkssù >. >.>4 >4>8 >8 m hk EB EB^ ^ dl 77 %, sk g`trahufa kl klkitraha y pastkrgarjk`tk sk llkvù d vdlardr ia` ld sa salu luig igù` ù` hk @d @dAB AB pr prkp kpdr drdh dhdd g` g`gi gigd gdlj ljk` k`tk tk,, ksta sk bgza par huplgidha. K` ld tdold 4 (vkr tdold 4) sk pukhk` aoskrvdr las vdlarks tdouldhas k` ld ks kstd td`h `hdr drgz gzdi digù gù` ` hk @d @dAB AB ia ia` ` ctdl ctdldt dta a äi äigh gha a hk patdsga, sk pukhk` kjplkdr vdrgas jçttah jç ahas as pdrd hkt ktkr krj jg` g`ddr kl pu pu`t `ta a cg` cg`dl hk u`d u`d vd vdla lard rdig igù` ù` patk patk`i `iga gajç jçtr trgid gid,, kl jç jçta taha ha jäs hgrkita sk mrdcgid hgrkitdjk`tk kl pB iaja cu`igù` hkl valujk` hk rkditgva y pastkrga garrjk`tk sk kstgjd vgsudlj ljkk`tk kl pu`ta hk g`clkxgù` k` ld parigù` jäs g`ilg`dhd hk ld iurvd y sk tajd kstk pu`ta iaja kl pu`ta cg`dl hk ld vdlardigù`, utglgzd`ha las hdtas hk ld tdold d`tks jk`iga`dhd, sk mrdcgidra` ia` kl cg` hk bdll bdlldr dr kl pu` u`ta ta hk kq kqu ugvdl gvdlk` k`ig igdd (v (vkr kr mr mrääcgid cgid 4) d pdrt drtgr hk ld mr mräc äcgi gidd cu cukk pa pasg sgol olkk aos oskr krvd vdrr kl pu`ta hk kqugvdlk`igd hk u`d jd`krd dpra praxgjd xgjdh hd5 `a aos ostd td`t `tk, k, pdrd mdr drd` d`tg tgzd zdrr kx kxdi ditg tgtu tuh h k` ld jk jkhg hghd hd sk pr prai aikh khkk d rk rkdl dlgz gzdr dr ld prgjkrd hkrgvdhd hk las hdtas iarrkspa`hgk`tks. La Lass hdta hdtass ao aotk tk`g `gha hass hk ld pr prgj gjkr krdd hk hkrg rgvd vdhd hd cukra` tdouldhas iaja sk aoskrvd k` ld tdold ? (vkr tdold ?) Ld hkrgvdigù` dplgi lgidhd dqu quêê pkrt pkrtk` k`ki kikk d u` jçt çtah aha a hk hk hkrrgvd gvdig igù ù` `ujçrgi gidd, kl iudl ks dplgid idh ha iud`ha `a ks pasgolk aotk`kr ld carjd d`dlêtgid hk ld
cu` cu`igù igù` quk ja jahk hkld ld hktkr ktkrj jg` g`ddha pr prai aiks ksa a cêsgia, quêjgia a ogalùmgia. K` kstk idsa `a ks pasgolk aotk`kr ld cu` cu`igù igù` quk jah ahkl kldd ld iur iurvd hk vdla vdlard rdig igù` ù` patk`igajçtrgid, rdzù` par ld iudl `a ks pa pasg sgol olkk hk hkrg rgvd vdrr ks kstd td hk u` u`dd jd jd`k `krd rd iajö iajö`5 `5 sg` kjodrma, dl kckitudr kl jçtaha hk hkrg hkrgvd vdigù igù` ` `ujç `ujçrg rgid id sk pukh pukhkk hkrg hkrgvd vdrr td`t td`ta a par ld gzqugkr gkrhd iaja par ld hkrkibd ibd hk u` hktkrjg`dha `öjkra (k` kstk idsa, ia iarr rrks kspa pa`h `hgk` gk`tk tkss dl valu valujk jk`) `).. Kl pr praj ajkh khga ga hk hgibds hkrgvdhds iarrkspa`hk d u`d hk hkrg rgvd vdhd hd jä jäss kx kxdi ditd td k` iajp iajpdr drdi digù gù` ` sg sù sùla la sk tajdrä drogtrdrgdjk`tk u`d sald hkrgvdhd. Las hdtas d`tkrgarks iarrkspa`hk` d hgiba prajkhga jk`iga`dha, sg` kjodrma, las hdtas kxtrkjas (supkrgar k g`ckrgar) `a paskk` hk hkrrgvd gvdhd par ld gzqu gzqugk gkrh rhdd `g par ld hk hkrk rkib ibd, d, rkspkitgvdjk`tk (tajd`ha ld tdold hk carjd bargza`tdl), rdzù` par ld iudl sus hk hkrrgvd gvdhds `a sa` kxd kxditds itds y `a hko kokr krêd êd` ` sk skrr g`ilughds k` las pastkrgarks d`älgsgs. Dl mrdcgidr las hdtas tdouldhas d` d`tk tkrg rgar arjk jk`t `tkk (v (vkr kr mr mräc äcgid gid ?) sk dp dprk rkigd igd quk quk cuk pasgolk aoskrvdr ildrdjk`tk quk kl pu`t pu `ta a hk kq kqug ugvd vdlk lk` `igd igd sk pra rah huik uik iud` iud`ha ha sk bd` dmrkmdha 8.;> jL hk @dAB5 pdrd hg hgib iba a valu valujk jk` ` sk rk rkmmgs gstr trù ù u` pB hk 2. 2.49 49,, k` ld tdold (vkr tdold 9) pukhk` aoskrvdr las hdtas jk`iga`dhas d`tkrgarjk`tk. ^astkrgarjk`tk, sk llkvù d idoa ld vdlardigù` patk`igajçtrgid hkl äigha cascùrgia ia` bghrùxgha hk sahga (par huplgidha). Kstk äigha sk idrditkrgzd par su sucr crgr gr bd bdst stdd tr trks ks hglu hgluig iga` a`ks ks suik suiksg sgvd vdss iaja iaja sk aoskrvd k` lds sgmugk`tks rkdiiga`ks6 B9^A8 B?^A ^A 8 - + B+ B+ Ed4 :=, :=,44x 44x4>4>-9 9 B ?^A8 B+ Ed? : 3,9?x4>-2 B^A8 ?B^A 8 ?- + B B^A ^A8 9- + B+ Ed9 : 8,;>x4>-49 8,;>x4>-49 4=
^drd las ^ed‚s hk lds has hgsaigdiga`ks sk ta tajd jd las las has has pu pu`t `tas as kq kqug ugvd vdlk lk`t `tks ks yd qu qukk ks u` äigha hçogl y ks cäigl quk sdltk las prata`ks, la iudl ks juy hgcêigl llkmdr d u` vdlar kxdita, parquk dl skr u` äigha hçogl lds ia`std`tks hgsaigdigù` sa` juy
aiurrk d pB 7.42 ia`sujgç`hask 2.7> jL hk @dAB. D cg` hk mdrd`tgzdr ld vkrdighdh hk ld d`tkrgar g`carjdigù` prapariga`dhd, ks `k `kik iksd sdrg rga a rk rkdl dlgz gzdr dr u` u`dd mr mräc äcgi gidd hk ld sk skmu mu`h `hdd hk hkrrgvd gvdhd vs kl va valu lujk jk` ` hk @d @dAB AB dmr mrkm kmddha ha,,
p kqukbdokr ôds qu k krrar sa` hdlgcêtajdr ig igllks hlas k hhdtas. gstg`mugr gr.. W puha u`
saa spkdprdra ildkhpkrghjkkj rpkddrldgzdkh rdd`hkkrrdgvsdghjdgldira`d llad hg hgck ckrk rk` `igd igd hk quk sk rk rkddlgzd lgzd ld hgc gckr krk` k`ig igdd hk ld prgjkrd hkrgvdhd ia` rkspkita d ld hgckrk`igd hkl valujk` dmrkmdha, kstas hdtas cukra` tdouldhas k` ld tdold = (vkr tdold =) y hk ld jgsjd carjd sk mrdcgidra` ( vkr mräcgid ;) ld mräcgid hk ld skmu`hd hkrgvdhd `as pkrjgtk bdlldr kl pu`ta hk kq kqug ugvd vdlk lk`i `igd gd ia` ia` u` u`dd kxdi kxditg tgtu tuh h jä jäss dl dltd td,, sg` sg` kjodrma k` kl pu`ta hk iartk ia` kl kfk x `a kxgstk `g`mö` hdta kxpkrgjk`tdl, y par
Las hdtas aotk`ghas hk ld vdlardigù` hk B9^A ^A 8 cukra` tdouldhas k` ld tdold 8 (vkr tdold 8) y kstas cukra` mrdcgidhas ( vkr mräcgid 9) k` ld mräcgid sk aoskrvd` ildrdjk`tk lds has rkmga`ks hk g`clkxgù` quk prksk`td ld iurvd hk vdlardigù`5 k` hgibds rkmga`ks sk k`iuk`trd` las has pu`tas hk kqugvdlk`igd. Yg` kjodrma, ks iajplgidha hktkrjg`dr hgibas pu`tas utglg utglgzd zd`h `ha a ö`gid ö`gidjk jk`t `tkk ld mr mräc äcgid gid d` d`tk tkrga rgarr sg` sg` g` g`iu iurr rrgr gr k` u` kr krra rarr sg sgm` m`gc gcgi gidt dtgv gva, a, pu puks ks hgib hgibdd hktkrj hkt krjg`d g`digù igù` ` idr idrkik kikrêd rêd hk kxd kxditgt itgtuh, uh, rdz rdzù` ù` pa parr ld iudl iudl ks `kik `kiksd sdrg rga a rk rkdl dlgz gzdr dr ld mr mräc äcgi gidd hk ld prgjkrd hkrgvdhd pdrd aotk`kr dsê las pu`tas hk g`clkxgù` hk ld iurvd rkprksk`tdhas iaja pgias jäxgjas hk hg hgib ibdd mr mräc äcgi gid, d, las las iu iudl dlks ks iarr iarrks kspa pa`h `hk` k` d las las rksp rkspki kitg tgva vass pu` u`ta tass hk kq kqug ugvd vdlk lk` `ig igdd y, jäs dprapgdhdjk`tk, dl pB k` hgi gib ba pu`ta hk kq kqu ugvdl gvdlk` k`ig igdd5 d pd pdrt rtgr gr hk ks ksta ta sk aot otk` k`h hrê rêdd kl valujk` iarrkspa`hgk`tk. Las hdtas hk ld prgjkrd hkrgvdhd cukra` tdouldhas k` ld tdold ; (vkr tdold ;) y par ia`s ia`sgm gmug ugk` k`tk tk cu cukr kra` a` mr mrdc dcgid gidha hass (v (vkr kr mr mräc äcgid gid 8) D pdrtgr hk ld mräcgid, ks pasgolk ghk`tgcgidr cäigljk`tk kl pu`ta hk kqugvdlk`igd, kl iudl sk k`ia`trdrä k` tçrjg`as hk ld hkrgvdhd hkl valujk` y hkl pB. ^drd kstd vdlardigù` sk k`iuk`trd quk kl pu`t pu`ta a hk kqug kqugvd vdlk lk`i `igd gd pdrd pdrd ld vd vdla lard rdigù igù` ` hkl hkl pr prgj gjkr kr prat pratù` ù` hkl hkl äi äigh gha a casc cascùr ùrgi gia a ks hk 8. 8.33 33 u`ghdhks hk pB y sk ia`sujgkra` 8.?> jL hk @dAB5 hk gmudl carjd, ks cäigl igl aoskrvdr kl skmu`ha pu`ta hk kqugvdlk`igd, kl iudl
td`t lêd`kd irauzd id vk dljk bdig ktd l `ta kfak ld x plê`k sdd`hiruz pdaridsg ksg l pvkrt u`rtgi tagidl hkjk`t 8.`tk ?>kjbd L igd hkd @dAB, rdzù` par ld iudl sk dsujk ld vkrd vkrdig igh hdh hkl hkl pu` u`ta ta bdlld lldha ia` ia` ld pr prgj gjkr krdd hkrgvdhd. Hk carjd sgjgldr suikhk ia` kl skmu`ha pu`ta hk kqugvdlk`igd, puks kl hd hdta ta kxpk kxpkrg rgjk jk`t `tdl dl jä jäss ikri ikrid` d`a a dl pu pu`t `ta a hk iartk ia` kl kfk x iarrkspa`hk kckitgvdjk`tk dl hdta tajdha d`tkrgarjk`tk ia` dyuhd hk ld prgjkrd hkrgvdhd, rdzù` par ld iudl sk trdodfù ia` las hdtas yd jk`iga`dhas. K` tkrikrd g`std`igd sk tgk`k ld vdlardigù gù` ` patk`igajçtrgid pdrd kl BIl, pdrd ld tgtuldigù` hk BIl >.>4 J sk utglgzù @dAB kstd`hdrgzdha ia` u`d ia`ik`trdigù` hk >.>4 >. >44? 4? J rk rkdl dlgz gzd` d`ha ha tdl tdl pr prai aikh khgj gjgk gk`t `ta a pa parr huplgidh idha. Las Las rksultdhas aotk`ghas hk ld vdla vdlard rdig igù` ù` cu cukr kra` a` tdou tdould ldha hass k` ld tdol tdoldd ( vkr vkr td tdol oldd 2) y past pastkr krga garj rjk` k`tk tk sk rk rkpr prks ksk` k`td td` ` k` ld mräcgid = ( vkr mräcgia =) k` kstk mräcgid kl pu`t pu `ta a hk kq kqu ugvdl gvdlk` k`ig igdd `a sk la lamr mrdd dpr prki kigd gdrr ia` kxditgtuh ia` ld mräcgid hk pB vs valu va rkdl ùukl iä ula hkl id joga k` kl lujk pjk`, atk`, `isk gdl rk pdlgz argzù `ghiäli dhliul hak hk val idjo luj k`ga h k 42
tgtu tgtuld ld` `tk (∃ /∃ )5 ks hkigr, sk kstgjd ld prgj gjkkrd hkrgvd gvdhd `ujçrgid hk ld iur iurvd hk vdlardigù`. Hk ld mräcgid rksultd`tk hk ld prgjkrd hkrgvdhd (vkr mräcgid 2) cuk pasgolk aoskrvdr ia` ildrghdh quk kl pu`ta hk
hk mrd` sa` trdtdjgk`tas ùptgjas pd pdrd rd ld hkt hktkr krjg jg` `digù digù` ` hkl hkl valu valuj jk` hk kqugvdlk`igd k` tgtuldiga`ks patk patk`i `iga gajç jçtr trgid gidss hk äigh äighas as hçog hçoglk lks, s, prksk`td`ha odfd hgs gsir irkkpd`igd k` lds lds jd jdm` m`gt gtuh uhks ks hk hktk tkrj rjg` g`dh dhds ds hk la lass
kqug kq gd qu sk prah iu iud` bd` dmrugvd kvdlk mdlk`i ha`igd 9,=quk 8 kj L pr hkahui @uik dkAB 5 d`ha pdha rd sk hgbd iba` valujk` sk rkmgstrù u` pB hk 2.=4. Cg`dljk`tk sk llkvù d idoa ld vdlardigù` patk pa tk` `igaj igajçt çtrg rgid id hk ld ju juks kstr trdd ia` ia` @d @dAB AB,, las hdtas aotk`ghas k` ld vdlardigù` sk aoskrvd` k` ld tdold (vkr tdold 4?) y kstas hdtas sk mrdcgidra` ( vkr mräcgid 4>) y k` ld mräcgid cuk pasgolk aoskrvdr kl pu`ta hk kqugvd kqu gvdlk` lk`igd igd hk u`d jd` jd`krd krd dpr dpraxg axgjdh jdhd5s d5sg` g` kjodrma, pdrd mdrd`tgzdr kxditgtuh k` ld jkhghd sk praikhk d rkdlgzdr ld prgjkrd
j çk`tk tatks ha 5 kr sgrar k`rhk` a la ldssrk prltdh g`dhas igas6 pd6lklds cu cuk` s shk krra las rksu sult prksk`igd hk krrarks hk tgpa ap apkr krdt dtgv gva a y sgst sgstkj kjät ätgi gia, a, dh dhkj kjäs äs hk ld g`ikrtghujork dsaigdhd dl jdtk jd tkrg rgdl dl valu valujç jçtr trgi gia a utgl utglgz gzdh dha a k` ld prkpdrdigù` hk ld saluiga`ks. Kl usa hk ld prgjkrd y skmu`hd hkrgvdhd mdrd`tgzd u`d jkfar aoskrvdigù` hk las hdtas quk sk `kik `kiksg sgtd td,, pr prg` g`igp igpdl dljk jk`t `tkk ld sk skmu mu`h `hdd hkrgvdhd ha`hk kl hdta d gjpartdr
hkrgvdhd hk hdtas K` ld mr mräc äcgi giddlas (vkr (vkr mr mrääcgid cgiarrkspa`hgk`tks. id 44) 44) sk ao aosk skrrvù ia` ia` ildrghdh quk kl pu`ta hk kqugvdlk`igd sk prahuik iud`ha sk bd` dmrkmdha ;.2> jL hk @d @dAB AB55 pdrd pdrd hgib hgiba a valu valujk jk` ` sk rk rkmg mgst strù rù u` pB hk ;.2;. Cg`dljk`tk sk aotuva u` valujk` hk ;.2> jL (jk`iga iga`dha d`tkrgar garjk`tk) ia` ia` u`d ia`i ia`ik` k`tr trddig igù` ù` hk 3.; .;> >% p/v, /v, jg jgk` k`ttrd rdss quk k` kl huplgidha sk `kiksgtù rkdlgzdr ld skm skmu` u`hd hd hkr krgv gvddhd yd quk pr prap apa ari riga ga`d `d ia` ia` vdklahr k h; k.l7>vaj luLjky` uh`kd kjqäusgvdklxkd`iitggdtuhq ukk l cu ia`i ia`ik` k`tr trdi digù gù` ` hk 3.3 3.34% 4% p/ p/v. v. Kl pr praj ajkh khga ga hk ks kstd tdss ia ia`i `ik` k`tr trdi diga ga`k `kss hd u` vdla vdlarr hk ;. ;.2; 2;% % p/v, ia` u` krrar rkldtgva hk 4=%. Kstk parik`tdfk pukhk hkokrsk d juibas cditarks bujd`as a krrarks quk `a sk pukh pu khkk ia iarrrkmg rkmgrr y ks kstä tä` ` gjpl gjplgi giddha hass hk u` u`dd u atrd carjd k` kl d`älgsgs
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(hktkrjg`d k` kstk ia` idsjäs a kkxditgtuh. l valujk`) la Ogolgamrdcêd U4Z Yeaam, H. D5 ]kst, H. J5 Ballkr C. F. y C. F. y Irauib, Y. Irauib, Y. _. ^rg`igpgas hk ^r ^rg` g`ig igpg pgas as hk D` D`äl älgs gsgs gs D` D`äl älgs gsgs gs G` G`st stru rujk jk`t `tdl dl G`strujk`tdl 3ª kh. Jçxgia6 ia6 JiM iMrrdw-Bgll G` G`tk tkrd rdjk jkrg rgid id`d `d Khgt Khgtar arks ks,, Y. Y.D. D. hk I. S. S.,, ?>>2 ?>>2.. ^äm. 3;7, 333-332. U?ZE U?Z E. D. _uog`s^kdrsa` a`, _uog`sa`, F. C. 5 D`älgsgs G`strujk`tdl5 Khuidiga` Y.D., Jdhrgh ?>>4. ^äm. ??;
D@KRAY ^rkmu`tds 4) ±Tuç aiurrk k` lds vdlardiga`ks arhg arhg`d `drg rgds ds iu iud` d`ha ha ld ia ia`i `ik` k`tr trdi digù gù` ` hk la lass rkdiiga`d`tks ks juy pkqukôd1 ±Ykrä ig`hgidhar1 arrkita k` kstas
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_/ [` [`dd vdlar dlarddig igù ù` äigh igha-o a-ods dskk ia` ia`sg sgsstk k` hktkrjg`dr kl pu`ta hk `kutrdlgzdigù` a pu`ta k` kl quk kl äigha `kutrdlgzd ta tatd tdlj ljk` k`ttk d ld ods dskk a vgik vgikvk vkrs rsdd. Ks Kskk pu` u`ta ta tdjogç` rkigok kl `ajork hk pu`ta hk kqug kqugvd vdlk lk`i `igd gd.. Ld Ldss vd vdla lard rdig iga` a`ks ks äi äigh ghaa-od odsk sk tgk` tg cu`h idj og rus hkk`k` lk` d iasu ` icu k``hdj trddjk` igùk`t ` thakk` lasklgaid `kjs oga Ba+ oqru uksia sk prahuik k` kl pu`ta hk `kutrdlgzdigù`, `arj `a rjddljk` ljk`tk tk sk utg tglg lgzd zd` ` g` g`hg hgid idh har arks ks pd pdrd rd pahkr hktkitdr hgiba idjoga orusia par jkhga hkl ialar hk ld saluigù` vdlardhd, hgiba g`h g`hgidhar hkok kstdr k` kl rd`ma hkl pu`t pu`ta a hk `kut `kutrd rdlglgzd zdig igù` ù` hk ld vd vdla lard rdigù igù`, `, k` kstk arhk` hk ghkds ld ia`ik`trdigù` k` ld quk par la mk`krdl sk trdodfd` kstds saluiga`ks sa` dl >,4 J, pdrd ia`i ia `ik` k`tr trddig iga` a`ks ks jä jäss od odfd fdss sk ut utgl glgz gzdd iaj iaja j khghar upB-jktra. ` g`strujk`ta hk`ajg`dha
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