INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT.docx

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT BY

THANESH RAW A/L RAMASAMY GENISAN CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING WORKS SDN.BHD LOT 10437 BATU 4 3/4, KAMPUNG JAWA, KLANG, SELANGOR, 41000

BUKU LAPORAN INI DIKEMUKAKAN KEPADA JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN AWAM SEBAGAI MEMENUHI SEBAHAGIAN DARI SYARAT PENGANUGERAHAN DIPLOMA KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

08DKA11F2129 POLITEKNIK SULTAN SALAHUDDIN ABDUL AZIZ SHAH

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

All thanks to the Almighty God, by His grace, I can also complete my industrial training report successfully for 20 weeks starting from June 17 until November 1 2013 as it was prescribed by the department of industrial training of polytechnic students. Though many obstacles and limitations all work can be overcome and managed to send the results of the study in a timely manner.

A big appreciation and thanks to MR. GENISAN as manager of GENISAN SDN.BHD CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING WORKS who was taking care of , educate and provide guidance to me to undergo industrial training here . Initiatives and guidance from him throughout the training has managed to help and guide me in producing this report.

Not forgetting the other staff who were willing to provide guidance and counsel to me in carrying out my duties and help solve the problems faced by the industry training sessions in that company.

A special thanks is not forgotten to parents and students of polytechnic students are also practical training in the same department as often inject spirit and give me suggestions on during my industrial training.

So thank you.

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Chapter 1 PRELIMINARY

INTRODUCTION Industrial training is one of the necessary thing that need to be carried out by students in polytechnic. The Polytechnic has fixed a period for each quantity surveying that have pass the prerequisitory condition. Industrial training time span starts from 17th of December 2012 to 3rd of May 2013. This industrial training were carried out to expose students to a real world working experience on their respective fields. Apart from that, this training aim for students practice what they have learned during their earlier semester in polytechnic and they will also become more skillful in in the field that they are involved in. The ledger on the other hand is an overall record during the period where student conduct their industrial training. This ledger contain industry training information start from the information of the organization, technical report, to record works carried out during their training period and their summary, it also contains some comments and suggestion for future improvement. In a nutshell, this ledger will be presented to the polytechnic to be evaluated and it will be use by the polytechnic to understands more about the work done by the students during the period of the training.

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1.1

Industrial Training Objective

1.1.1 To expose the students to the real life working experience and expanding the knowledge in their specific field.

i.

Students will further learn about their real life profession. They will also learn what they need to do in order to finish their works. This will prepare the students so that they will easily fit in and fulfill the demands of their profession after they finish their course.

1.1.2 To make use of the theory and learned in the polytechnic.

i.

Students are only exposed to the basic theory and needed in the fields of their own. These theory and were mainly according to the books. With the industrial training in place, students will experience real life situation in the field. This will make the students use their knowledge in order to get their works done.

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1.1.3 To produce trustworthy workers with high responsibility and able to cooperate with other staffs.

i.

All tasks given by the supervisor must be completed with a sense of trustworthy and full responsibility. This attitude very important to ensure all business entrusted to students were carried out flawlessly. Also, it train the students to be honest not only to themselves but others as well.

1.2.4. Enhance student’s confidence at end of the training.

ii.

When the industrial training students are exposed to a variety of problems and had to face it. With the experience learned through industrial training , the students will be more confidence both in learning and working. High spirit and skills to overcome the problems faced certainly create a strong confidence in the students.

1.2.5. Learn to interact with superior officers.

i.

In this training, students get the opportunity to interact with upper management such as engineer, director and consultant and others. With this opportunity, student will be able to associate and discuss with them in a closer way.

This

opportunity will not come without the

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Implication of industrial training. This opportunity should be used well by the students to learn more.

1.2.6

Increase the interest and curiosity.

i.

There will be many new things that students will face during the period of the industrial training . These events will enhance the curiosity in the students. Other than that, the real life exposure given to the students will also increase the interest of the students towards their fields of studies.

1.3

Report Objectives

1.3.1

The objectives of the report enables the students :

i.

To provide a work document effectively.

ii.

To produce students that are responsible for their work by providing enough evidential documents that related to work.

iii.

To expose the students on how to provide a proper document.

iv.

To build self-confidence in the student while providing the document.

v.

To complete the prerequisite for the student to pass industrialtraining Polytechnic KPTM.

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1.4

Importance of Industrial Training

1.4.1 Industrial training are important to the students in many aspects. This is because this module was created to give benefit to students, especially students who take up studies in polytechnic KPTM. Among the importance is:

i.

To produce employees that are fully disciplined after they have graduated from the polytechnic KPTM. This can be seen through the students who take part in the industrial training, they are not only bound to the rules set by the polytechnic but also rules fixed by the organization that students take their industrial training at.

ii.

To produce employees that are skillful and ready to work when they take their first step to the working world. This is because by involving in certain industrial training at the organization given to them, student will be more skillful in carrying out a job after they were explained on how to do the job by a more experienced coworker.

iii.

Student who went through industrial training will be more mature in conducting the works given to them.

iv.

Students

will

also

be

more

knowledgeable

and

understanding about matters related to their field of study, 7

after the practical lessons.

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RINGKASAN AKTIVITI LATIHAN INDUSTRI WEEKLY REFLECTION 1

I learned a lot of things within this two weeks. I met new people at working place and also at the office. I started to learn how to plan before do the work. Futher more ,I learned pipe fitting names and started and started to learn how to do pipe work. I learnedhow they installing meter pipe stand at house and also in industrial area. I learned how to0 welding on pipe while water flows in pipe. It was a huge pipe about 1m pipe which pipe bringing water to big area. I learned what is stainless steel pipe and what is the different between stainless steel and mild steel. Mild steel easily can get stain but in stainless steel it wont get stain. I also learned how to drill and how put concrete slap. I had also learned how they doing pipe work in underground base.

weekly reflection 2

In this two weeks I’ve learned how to take over the problems. Especially when problems caused by the house owners example like scolding ,complaining and banishing while doing meter stand work. As a solution we should have a good communication with them so that the work can be done with clean and very well. In case ,if they didn’t calm down we should leave the place silent after the work all done. I faced that problems and I learned the solution of the problem. Moreover, I’ve learned how they making connection from main pipe which is laying under the road to meter pipe stand. Pipe fittings like elbow, tee, short piece, stopcock were used in pipe work. I’ve managed to learn how they setting up the meter pipe stand and putting the concrete at the base of the meter pipe stand so that meter pipe can stand straight. I’ve also learned about stainless steel. Superviser told me it wont get rust by water even for a long time. Then only I noticed why they using stainless steel pipe for pipe work.

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weekly reflection 3

In this two weeks I’ve been changed to do work at meter department. I’ve learned so much by doing paper work for meter that spoiled and aged to claim money from syabas. Firstly I’ve learned how to do paperwork for spoiled and aged meter. Sometimes the hand writing of the subcontractor had confused me and made me difficult todo paperwork. Anyway, finally I managed to find the solution to cord this problem.

weekly reflection 4

This two weeks I did paperwork but only a few. I went to side, quarry, syabas store and to south port. When I was in the quarry I saw how the crosher runs are being made. Now I know how they transport crusher run and sand from quarry to store or site. I’ve also went to syabas store. There I saw how neat they arranged the boxes and things. The syabas workers always well aware about self safety. I’ve also helped supervisor to divide and give the works to workers. From this I’ve learned how to monitor and lead the workers without making any unsatisfy feelings about eash other. I want to south port to transport materials that needed to do pipework at pulau ketam.

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weekly reflection 5

This two week mostly I did work orders of ½” meter pipe. I also went to syabas office store. This is the first time im going to those places. I learned so many things through this work. I learned how the paperwork for meter is done. I also learned how to submit work orders and old meter boxes to syabas office and store. I also learned how to do box listing before submitting the old meter to syabas store, but its quite a bit tough job that ever done before. I faced a lot of problems when im doing meter box listing. Furthermore, I’ve also had faced few problems while im writing work orders. Example like sometimes subcontracters will write wrong info about meter that they changed. But to solve this problem I have to go to store to checked whether the info that they gave is correct or not. While im doing box listing I faced problems like serial number or last meter reading different with listing. So that I’have to every meter to make sure every serial number and meter last reading are same. If syabas found that mistakes , they will charge and take action on the compony. Weekly reflection 6

This two week I have learned a lot of things. I learned the types of meter pipe. There is a five type of ½ meter pipe that are DPM, NB, LXH, PSM and REMAC. Types of pipe should be write in work order papers. I learned how to different the ½ water meter type.

Weekly reflection 7

This two weeks I have learned a lot of things. I distributed the work order among the three subcontractors with a passion and giving them the boxes which is filled with water meters. Writing the work orders has become the main task for this work. Eventually I enjoyed and learned so much when I write the work order papers.

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Weekly reflection 8

This two weeks thought me a lot of lesson. I faced so many problems. If I made a mistake it causes big problem like old serial meter number is same with new serial meter number. Syabas staffs will call me directly if this kind of mistake happens.

Weekly reflection 9

This two weeks I went to site to change bulk meter. Bulk meter is meter is used commonly in industrial and big building areas to measure the amount of water they consumed.

Weekly reflection 10

This two weeks I learned a lot by writing the water meter work orders. If the sub-contractors made mistake I have to go personally to check meter in site which they did .

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Chapter 2

Company background and organization structure

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2.1 Company Background Genisan construction and engineering works sdn.bhd is a business registered on 8th disember 1981 with of business in year 1984.

Company firm operates as plumbing contractors and offering services as following:

Water reticulation for mix development, factories & commercial project.

Laying of main & distribution pipes size from 100 mm to 2000mm pipes

Laying of main & distribution pipes size from 100 mm to 1500mm pipes

Maintenance and repair for syabas works.

Equals to bulk meter, valves and pipework.

Internal and external plumbing works

West port (maintenance contractor)

Construction of brick and reinforced chambers 6

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Company Information COMPANY NAME:

GENISAN CONSTRUCTION & ENGINEERING WORKS SDN.BHD

ADDRESS:

LOT 10437, BATU 4 ¾ KAMPONG JAWA 41000 KLANG SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN

TELEPHONE NO:

0351616771/51624751

FAX NO:

0351622380

NAME OF CONTANCT PERSON: GANISEN A/L MUTHAN MANAGING DIRECTOR H/P: 0192191993

: SUGESHAN A/L GENISAN ASSISTANT MANAGING DIRECTOR H/P 0122249142

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Chapter 4 Technical Report

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1.1

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.2

Scope This section of the Specifications covers the requirements for the manufacture and testing of welded steel pipes together with fittings complete with internal and external protection systems.

1.3

Definition The following terms shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them except where the context clearly renders these meanings inapplicable. “Pipes” means straight pipes, whether whole or in cut lengths. “Fittings or pipe specials” means tees, bends, tapers, collars, flange adapters, blank flanges, expansion joints, mechanical joints, ring girders and similar accessories.

1.4

Standards and Codes of Practice 10

The following Standards and Codes of Practice are referred to in this section of the Specification. The Standard or Codes shall be the latest edition current at the time of its preparation unless otherwise specified for particular application. API

5L

Line pipe

API

5LS

Spiral-weld line pipe

API

1104

Standard for welding pipelines and related facilities

BS Handbook 21

Methods for sampling and analysis of iron, steel and other ferrous metals

BS 12

Specification for Ordinary and Rapid Hardening Portland cement

BS 534

Steel pipes, fittings and specials for water, gas and sewage

BS 903

Methods of testing vulcanised rubber

BS 1154

Specification for natural rubber compounds (high quality)

BS 2494

Materials for elastomeric joint rings for pipework and pipeline

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1.4

BS 2569

Sprayed metal coatings

BS 4147

Hot applied bitumen based coatings for ferrous products

BS 4232

Surface finish of blast-cleaned steel for painting

BS 4360/Part 2/2169

Weldable structural steels

BS 4504

Flanges and bolting for pipes, valves and Fittings Part I : Ferrous

BS 5292

Jointing materials and compounds

BS 5500

Unfired fusion welded pressure vessels

AWWA Mll

Steel pipe design and installation

BSEN 10025:93

Hot rolled products of non-alloy structure steel – Technical delivery condition

BSEN 1092-1:2002

Flanges and their joints – circular flanges for pipes, values, fittings and accessories PN designated. Part 1: Steel Flanges.

Submissions The Contractor shall provide drawings, calculations and data in respect of the following:For pipes and fittings: -

drawings with descriptions to show the method of forming pipes and fittings in standard lengths from steel sheets or strip

For joints: -

drawings for spigot and socket joints showing allowable tolerances and arrangements to permit air testing of completed joins on Site.

For welding procedure : -

details of plant, methods, materials , make and size of electrodes, number of runs and current strength for each type of weld.

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For internal lining : -

full details of method of lining and curing including details and sieve analysis of materials to be used and type of cement.

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For internal coating : -

full details of coating process to be used, including details of the bitumen and the inner and outer wrappings.

2.1

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF PIPES AND FITTINGS

2.2

Pipes and Fittings All pipes and fittings shall be provided by the Contractor and delivered to the Site. Unless otherwise shown or specified, the Contractor shall at his own cost, supply all pipes and fittings required for the works and should be new and of makes approved by SYABAS. Each items supplied shall be suitably marked to permit identification with items in the Bill of Quantities.

2.3

Steel Pipes Steel pipes shall be manufactured, except where stated otherwise hereunder, in accordance with API Specification 5L or API Specification 5LS. Material for pipes shall be made from carbon steel plate to Grade 43A of BS 4360 Part 2 1969 or better with a minimum lower yield stress of 245N/mm2 supplied in plate or strip form as of appropriate for the method of pipe manufacture. The pipes shall be formed by the automatic submerged arc process, with either a longitudinal seam or a spiral seam at the option of the Contractor. With the method of manufacture decided upon, the relevant standard will then apply i.e. API Specification 5L for longitudinal seam pipe or API Specification 5LS for spiral seam pipe. The API standards shall be referred to hereunder as Std 5L/S and shall be deemed to apply to all pipe sizes, including those whose outside diameter (OD) falls outside the upper limit covered by the standards. The Contractor shall provide a ladle analysis of the steel used for the pipes in accordance with Clause 6.1 of BS 4360 Part 2 1969. Check analysis of the finished pipe shall be taken in accordance with Clause 6.2 of BS 4360 Part 2 1969 and Clause 3.4 of Std. 5L/S. In case of dispute, the methods of chemical analysis shall be in accordance with BS Handbook No.21. At the discretion of the S.O. test certificates may be required from approved independent inspection agencies for all materials used in the manufacture of the pipes and specials and the cost of this shall be deemed to be included in the Contract Rates.

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With every consignment of pipes, valves and fittings delivered under this Contract, the Contractor shall furnish a certificate worded as follows :This is to certify that the quality of the pipes, valves and fittings delivered in this consignment is not inferior to the sample for which the Contract was awarded or to the quality laid down in the Specification whichever is applicable. The thickness of steel plates shall be in accordance with Table 1 subject to the rolling margins for plates as shown in Table 4 of BS 4360 Part 2 :1969 unless otherwise stated in the Bill of Quantities.

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The thickness of pipes used for branch pipe-work off the main pipelines or for use in forming fittings shall be the greatest of the following :•

The thickness necessary to provide the same outside diameter to wall thickness ratio specified for straight pipes;

•

The minimum thickness shown in Table 6.2 of Std 5L or Table 6.1 of Std 5LS for pipes of the appropriate diameter (or the nearest equivalent therein);

•

The thickness determined to be necessary in the design of fittings as shown on the Drawings.

Standard length straight pipes shall be manufactured with not more than three circumferential joints and with an effective length as shown in the table below: Finished Internal Diameter (mm) 450 to 1200 Below 450

Standard Length (m) 9 -10 6

Thickness of Steel Pipes Nominal Diameter (mm) 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

Finished internal Diameter (mm) 93.7 149.1 204.0 257.8 313.8 361.7 415.5 469.4 522.7 628.0 651.2 701.2 801.2 901.2 1000.0 1100.0 1210.0 1300.0 1400.0 1500.0

Minimum Steel Plate Thickness (mm) 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 6.5 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 8.0 9.5 10.0 11.0 11.0 13.0

Concrete Lining Thickness (mm) 10 10 10 10 10 13 13 13 13 13 13 19 19 19 19 19 25 25 25 25

External Diameter (mm) 121.9 177.3 232.2 285.0 245.4 399.3 453.1 507.0 560.3 667.0 692.0 754.0 854.0 954.0 1054.0 1157.0 1270.0 1372.0 1472.0 1576.0

Factory Hydraulic Test Pressure (bars) 70 70 70 70 70 63 56 50 45 42 39 39 39 34 30 30 30 29 29 26

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1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200

1600.0 1700.0 1800.0 1900.0 2000.0 2100.0 2200.0

13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 14.0 14.5 15.0

25 25 25 25 30 30 30

1676.0 1776.0 1876.0 1976.0 2088.0 2189.0 2290.0

26 26 26 26 25 24 23

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The allowable tolerance on standard length pipes shall be ± 150mm. Standard length pipes and truly circular standard straight pipes shall be supplied. All standard pipes shall have ends formed as specified below for joints capable of angular rotation. Truly circular standard straight pipes required for cutting purposes shall be truly circular throughout the length. All pipes whether manufacture with a longitudinal or spiral seam shall be subjected to non-destructive testing of seam welds and skelp and welds in accordance with Section 7 of Std 5L or Section 7 of Std 5LS as appropriate. 2.4

Workmanship and Welding Standards As a control on weld quality the Contractor shall be required to take and submit 100%untrasonic test and 3% radiographs for all welds for the S.O.’s clearance. The clearance and acceptance of these radiographs shall be in accordance with API Standard 1104 unless otherwise directed by the S.O. Where the above tests are not possible, the contractor may propose magnetic particle or dye penetration test. The cost of this shall be deemed to be included in the Contract rates. Weld defects shall include cracks, leaks, laminations, lack of complete penetration, lack of complete fusion, dents exceeding one eighth of the specified wall thickness and undercutting or reduction in pipe wall thickness adjacent to a weld exceeding 0.5mm in depth. Slag inclusions and gas pockets or voids considered to be minor imperfections may be accepted if the maximum size and distributions does not exceed the limits shown in Section 9 of Std 5L or Section 7 of Std 5L/S. Where radiographic examination reveals defects in the welds the S.O. will either reject the length of pipe containing such defects or will permit the Contractor to carry out repairs and to submit radiographs of such repairs for clearance. Lengths of pipe containing defects in welds after repair will be liable to be rejected. If defects in welds are found in a length of pipe or fitting, the welds of the pipes and fittings immediately before and after the defective pipe or fitting in the production line shall be radiographed until the S.O. is satisfied that all the welds are considered satisfactory. The cost of such radiographs and radiographs of repaired welds shall be included in the Contract rates and shall not form part of the 3% of all welds specified in the first paragraph of this Clause.

2.5

Jointing of Pipes 18

2.4.1 Ends of pipe to be jointed shall generally be as follows :• Spigots and sockets for jointing in trench or above ground for pipes and fittings with diameter 700mm and above • Plain ends for use with welded collars, mechanical couplings or flange adaptors for pipes and fittings with diameter 700mm and above • Flanged for pipes and fittings below 600mm in diameters

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The spigot and socket joints for the spherical type shall be designed to take angular deflection of up to 5 degrees from the axial to accommodate changes of pipe gradient and/or direction at individual joints. For hemispherical type, the angular deflection shall be up to 2 degrees. Spigot and socket joints shall be of the spherical or hemispherical sleeve type with a minimum penetration of the formed ends. The joint design shall provide for the contact surface of the spigot end and the sleeve end to be formed to the same spherical radius which shall be more than 50% of the outside diameter of the barrel of the pipe for the spherical type and shall not be less than 50% of the outside of the barrel of the pipe for the hemispherical type. The minimum penetration of the spigot into the socket shall not be less than four times the pipe thickness and this overlap shall be obtained at the maximum deflection of 2 to 5 degrees. At zero deflection the minimum overlap shall be the minimum penetration as above increased by such allowance as is necessary to ensure contact between the spigot and socket over the specified maximum amount of joint movement. The joint engagement tolerance in any position shall not exceed an average of 1.60 mm with maximum isolated gaps of 2.00 mm adjacent to the weld seams. Pipe ends of the spherical or hemispherical type shall be formed by hydraulic pressing using a full circle die or expanding former capable of forming ends consistently to a constant spherical contact surface through the pipe production run. The internal surface of the socket and the external surface of the spigot shall be ground smooth along the pipe axis. The external surface of the plain ended pipes shall be similarly prepared. All sockets shall have two tapped holes spaced at 90 degrees apart on the circumference. They shall be of not less than 6mm diameter and shall be provided with matching plugs to facilitate the air pressure testing of field welds. These tapped holes shall be located within the end 30mm of the sockets and shall be cleared of welding runs. Ends prepared for butt welding shall be subject to manufacturing tolerances in accordance with Table 6.3 of Std 5L or Table 6.2 of Std 5L/S. Plain ends for use with mechanical joints or flange adaptor joints shall be truly circular with a diameter tolerance of + 1mm over a distance of 225 mm from the pipe ends. 2.5

Flanged Joints 20

All flanges shall be of steel, welded to the pipe by the electric arc process or other approved method. They shall conform in all respects with the requirements of BS 4504 or BS 5500 unless otherwise specified. They shall be of the raised face type and shall be truly faced over their whole width. Bolt holes shall be drilled off centre lines, truly in line end to end with the longitudinal axis. All flanges shall be rated as 16 bar. All flanges shall be adequate to withstand test pressures for the fittings to which they are attached.

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All materials required for use in the making of flanged joints including nuts, bolts, washers and joint gaskets shall be supplied by the Contractor. The cost of this shall be deemed to be included in the Contract Rates. Joint gaskets shall be contained within the bolt pitch circle and shall be made from 4.5mm thick rubber to BS 1154 Class Y3 reinforced with two layers of fabric in accordance with BS 5292. Each bolt shall be supplied and installed with a nut and two washers and each bolt shall be of sufficient length to show two threads past the nut when so installed. All bolts and nuts shall be stainless steel. Test certificates for the flange material shall be supplied. The finish on flange joint surfaces shall be in accordance with Clause 4.4 of BS 4504. Blank flanges shall be designed and supplied by the Contractor for an end loading equivalent to the rating pressure of the flange. Lifting eyes or handles and air release cocks shall be provided where necessary. Thrust flanges shall be designed to withstand a longitudinal force equal to the loading applied to a blank flange of equivalent diameter. 2.6

Mechanical Couplings, Flange Adaptors and Expansion Joints Mechanical coupling for jointing plain ended pipes shall be of Viking Johnson Coupling type or approved make capable of maintaining a water tight joint over a range of axial movement between the pipe ends of at least 80mm and with up to 3 degrees angular deflection between the longitudinal axis of the pipes. Flange adaptors for jointing plain ended pipes to fittings shall be of an approved make capable of maintaining a watertight joint over a range of axial movement of at least 25mm and an angular deflection. All necessary couplers, joint rings, nuts, bolts and washers, etc. required for completing joints shall be supplied by the Contractor and deemed to be included in the Contract Rates. Coupling shall be supplied with or without a central register or locating plugs as required. The central collar shall be at least 1.5mm thicker than the equivalent standard pipe thickness. Every coupling, flange adaptor and expansion joint shall be capable of withstanding without leakage, the pressure required for the works hydraulic test of the section of pipeline in which it will be incorporated. The pressure rating shall be clearly 22

stamped on all couplings and adaptors. The rubber joint rings shall be Type 1 to BS 2494 having a hardness range of 45-65 degrees measured in accordance with BS 903 and tensile stress-strain properties detailed in Table 3 corresponding to the relevant hardness. All metallic parts are to be de-scaled to second quality standard in BS 4232 protected in accordance to the Specification. All welding protrusion shall be machined finished. Mechanical couplings and flange adaptors shall be hydraulic tested at the place of manufacture one in every five for each size of coupling and adaptor.

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2.7

Pipes for Closing Lengths Pipes to be used for closing lengths shall be correctly sized over their full length so that accurate alignment for split collar joints can be obtained. All such pipes shall be clearly marked.

2.8

Collars Collars shall be provided for jointing cut pipes closure pieces or by means of internal and external fillet welding. Minimum lengths of collars shall be 250mm. Collars may be provided as single split collars with temporary bolts and lugs. Collars shall have two tapped and plugged holes of not less than 6mm diameter to permit air pressure testing of the joints after field welding, one on each side of the collar clear of the welding runs and approximately 24mm from the edge of the collar. The collar shall be 1.5mm thicker than the equivalent standard straight pipe thickness. Collars shall make close contact around the circumferences of both pipes connected and the gap between the ends of a split collar after tightening shall not exceed 3mm. Split collar ends shall be prepared for butt welding in the same manner as plain ends of pipes prepared for butt welding in accordance with Std 5L/S. The tolerance of the collars shall be such that nowhere shall the gap between the inside surface of the collar and the outside surface of the pipe at fillet weld locations exceed the tolerances permitted for spigot and socket joints. The overlap on each pipe shall not be less than 75mm. Collar joints shall not be required to take any deflection.

3.1

FITTINGS AND SPECIALS

3.2

Bends, Tees, Tapers etc. Special items such as bends, tapers, tees, etc. shall be formed from completely lined pipes as specified by suitable insertion of rubber spacers during lining operation. The coating and lining on the straight pipes shall be cut back from the ends to be welded or cut for a sufficient distance to ensure that no material which is intended to remain part of the coating/lining is damaged or affected by the welding or cutting process.

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Pipe specials shall be designed to withstand the full specified factory test pressures. Compensation plates and gusset plates shall be in accordance with BS 5500. Welding shall be of a standard equal to that of straight pipes. Fillet welds shall be subjected to air tests where appropriate and/or magnetic crack detention tests.

The outside diameter of specials shall conform to the outside diameters of the standard straight pipes and each butt weld subjected to a 100% radiographs test. The ends of plain ended specials shall be truly circular and shall conform to the tolerance required for the fitting of mechanical couplings and flange adaptors.

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4.1

PIPELAYING AND HANDLING

4.2

Pipe-work for Laying Above Ground Uncoated steel pipes and fittings required for installation above ground shall be protected by painting as specified in Section N.

4.3

End Protection The concrete lining and the external coating of pipes and fittings to be jointed by welding shall be omitted for a sufficient distance from the ends to prevent damage to the protection during site welding. The unlined surfaces shall be protected with a suitably approved ensis oil or similar material during manufacture so that extensive cleaning of the surface is not required before and after jointing on site.

4.4

Handling Coated pipes shall be lifted and moved only by wide non-abrasive slings or by other means acceptable to the S.O. Wire ropes, chains and hooks shall not be permitted to come in contact with the coating. No pipe shall be moved by rolling. Coated pipes shall be stacked in one layer only and in such a manner that the coating is not damaged. Adequate packing between pipes for this purpose must be supplied by the Contractor. Coated pipes must be kept clear of the ground and rested on padded sleepers or supports. The pipes shall be so handled, stored and transported as to prevent undue distortion and shall not be moved in any manner involving rotation of the pipes about the longitudinal pipe axis. The pipes shall be lifted by means of two reinforced canvas slings at least 300mm suspended from a lifting beam so that the slings are positioned at a distance of onefifth of the pipe length from each end of the pipe.

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The Contractor shall provide suitable timber end struts and sufficient intermediate struts to strengthen the pipes to the S.O.’s approval to prevent distortion during handling and delivery.

4.5

Protection in Transit All pipes and fittings shall be protected prior to dispatch from the manufacturer’s works. All flanges shall have wooden discs bolted on. All other ends of pipes and fittings shall be protected against impact damage and entry of foreign matter. The protection shall take into account the end use intended for the pipes and whether or not the final protection has been completed. Pipes and fittings shall be wrapped or cushioned so that no load is taken directly on the external coating.

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4.6

Inspection All pipes and fittings to be supplied under the Contract shall be inspected by the S.O. at the Contractor’s premises or at the places of manufacture if manufactured at other premises. The Contractor shall provide such office facilities, assistance, labour, materials, electricity supply, fuel, stores, apparatus and instruments ultrasonic thickness indicators and high voltage holiday detectors as may be necessary to allow a thorough and extensive inspection to be carried out. The S.O. shall be entitled at all times during manufacture to inspect, examine and test on the Contractor’s premises or at the places of manufacture if manufactured at other premises, the materials and workmanship of the pipes and fittings. Such inspection, examination or testing including the inspection by the S.O. shall not relieve the Contractor from any of his obligations under the Contract.

4.7

Markings of Pipes and Fittings Each standard length of pipe, pipe specials and truly circular pipes shall have the following information painted outside:• • • • •

The word SYABAS (50mm high) in capital letter The diameter, length and consecutive number and Bill of Quantities item number. The weight in kilogram. The item number and its consecutive number if more than one in the item Diameter of branch in the case of tees and angle in the case of bends and angle branches.

Truly circular pipes shall be marked with two longitudinal parallel bands throughout their whole length. The diameter and its consecutive number of standard length pipes shall be repeated on the lining just inside on both ends of the pipes. The item number and diameter of branch in the case of tees and the angle in degrees in case of bends shall similarly be repeated on the lining. 28

4.8

Measurement The quantities set out in the Bill of Quantities are provisional only and they are not to be taken as the actual, limiting and correct quantities of the pipes and fittings to be supplied by the Contractor in fulfillment of his obligations under the Contract. For the purpose of this clause, spigot and socket ended pipes shall be measured and paid in effective length. The effective length shall mean the net length of the pipe as laid, i.e. after deduction of the length of overlap at any spigot and socket joint to be made with the pipe. Plain ended pipes shall be measured and paid by the gross length and pipe specials shall be measured by numbers. All pipes and specials shall only be measured for payment after they have been laid and incorporated in the works. Any excess pipes and specials supplied to the Site shall not be measured for payment.

The cost of all works testing and all other requirements of the Specification including lining, coating, wrapping, etc, involved in the manufacture and delivery of the steel pipes shall be deemed to be included in the Contract Rates.

29

. 4.9

Miscellaneous All flanged pipe ends, flanged branches and plain ends for use with mechanical couplings or flange adaptors shall have a 6mm steel retaining ring welded into the bore of the pipe flush with the end of the pipe after which the ring shall be zinc chromate coated as specified followed by two coats of bituminous paint. The radial thickness of the rings shall be similar to the thickness of the concrete lining and shall not be less than 6mm.

4.10

Physical Testing Unless otherwise specified physical testing of the pipes shall also be in accordance with Section 4 Std 5L/S.

4.11

External Coating The pipe shall be coated with bitumen generally in accordance with Clauses 29 of BS 534 except that the protection shall have a minimum thickness of 6mm for pipes over 324mm o.d. The bitumen shall be Type 2 of BS 4147 and there shall be not less than 2mm of bitumen between the inner and outer wraps, and between the pipe and the inner wrap.

The coating shall be stopped short as shown on the Drawing for ends of all spigot and socket pipes, and 250mm from the ends of all plain ended pipes for use with mechanical couplings or flange adaptors. The edge of the wrapping shall be chamfered at 25 degrees.

4.12

Wrapping The wrapping materials shall be spirally wound onto the pipes and fittings simultaneously with the bitumen coating. Each wrap shall be from 150-225mm wide and the edges shall overlap by 12-25mm. Care shall be taken to ensure that the inner wrap does not come into contact with the pipe metal or with the outer wrap.

The inner wrap shall be a glass fibre resin-bonded tissue reinforced in the longitudinal direction with parallel glass threads space 10mm apart. The nominal thickness shall be 0.5mm and the minimum weight shall 0.046kg/m2.

The outer wrap shall be of glass fibre resin-bonded tissue reinforced in the longitudinal direction with parallel glass threads spaced 10-25mm apart. It shall be Impregnated with a material fully compatible with the bitumen coating to give a finished thickness of 0.75mm

4.13

Inspection of External Pipe Coating All coated pipes and fittings shall be rigidly inspected for defects. Thickness shall be determined by a pit gauge, continuity with a holiday detector and coating quality by cutting out 75mm square samples at the rate of the one sample per 5 lengths of pipe manufactured.

The whole coated surface area of all pipes and fittings shall be tested for pinholes or other invisible defects in the coating using an approved holiday detector at a potential of 14,000 volts.

Any lengths on which the coating is, in the opinion of the S.O. poorly applied shall be cleaned to bare metal and re-coated. Minor defects may be repaired by touching up. All repairs shall be checked for thickness and continuity.

4.14

Painting Coated Pipes and Fittings All coated pipes and fittings shall be painted as specified below: a) 75 micron minimum thick primer after surface (at factory)

preparation. b) 150 micron minimum dry finished thickness surface iderant epoxy (after lay)

c) 100 micron minimum dry finished thickness of polyurethane (after

laying)

5.0

SPUN CONCRETE LINING AT FACTORY All pipes and specials shall be lined with concrete. Cement for lining shall be Ordinary Portland Cement to BS 12. Aggregate shall be well-graded clean fine aggregate and the maximum particle size shall not exceed 8mm or one-third the thickness of the lining, whichever is the lesser. All materials used in concrete for lining shall comply with the requirements for concrete.

The final aggregate grading and concrete mix proportions shall be such that a hard, durable and dense concrete lining is obtained that satisfied the tests laid down in Clause 33 of BS 534. Unless otherwise approved, the minimum cement content shall be 380kg/m3 and the water cement ratio of the mix loaded into the pipe shall not exceed 0.42. Tests shall be carried out during the lining of pipe to demonstrate that the concrete lining has a strength equal to or greater than the minimum figures stated in Clause 33.5 of BS 534. The frequency of these tests shall be at least once Every 250m length of pipe lined or during each working shift, whichever is the greater. The testing of concrete cubes shall be conducted at the factory of manufacture.

All straight pipes shall be concrete lined by the use of a lining machine designed and built for the purpose of rotating the pipe and centrifugally applying the lining at sufficient speeds to meet the requirements set out below. The support or holding device for the pipe shall be such as to avoid damage to the pipe coating during the spinning operation. If the pipe is rotated by direct contact drive from the machine it shall be supported over at least 90 degrees of its circumference and driven by nonmetallic surfaced belts of sufficient width to avoid coating damage. The speed of rotation of the pipe during the lining compaction stage shall be such as to provide a radial acceleration of at least 250m/s2. The rotational drive shall be capable of close control and provide smooth acceleration and deceleration when working up to and down from the compaction spinning stage. Immediately before lining commences, the pipe bore shall be cleaned of all loose scale, rust, oil, grease or any other foreign matter likely to contaminate or harm the concrete. Areas where an approved primer coat has bonded to the pipe such that wire brushing does not cause areas to flake off will be acceptable as a base for applying the lining. The entire quantity of concrete required for the lining shall be continue until the specified thickness is evenly distributed over the inside of the pipe, all surplus water has been removed and the greatest possible density of concrete has been obtained. Tolerance on the thickness of lining shall be as follows :• •

+3mm to -2mm for 25mm and above +2mm to -1mm for 19mm and above

Temporary or semi-permanent end restraints shall be fixed to the pipe ends on completion of lining and before removal of the pipe from the lining machine. The pipe shall not be rotated about its longitudinal axis after the fixing of the storage yard and subsequently to the site. Fittings shall be concrete lined at the factory in such a manner that the lining shall be of the specified thickness and comparable in density and smoothness to the spun lining in straight pipes and generally applied in accordance with Clause 33.2 of BS 534. During the lining process, all rebound materials, dribbles, etc. shall be remove so that the lining is applied in a homogeneous mass to a clean surface.

Inspection of the lining shall be carried out any time prior to and after installation of the pipes. Any pipe with lining that is broken, defective or otherwise not in accordance with the Specification may be rejected. The Standard of the remedial lining shall satisfy the requirements of this Specification. Surface crazing of the lining will be acceptable unless cracks are severe enough that they can be penetrated to a depth of 2mm by a 250 microns feeler gauge at 10 points or more over a length of 300mm when measured with the lining in a saturated condition. These cracks shall be cut back to full depth and sealed with approved epoxy resin filler.

Linings applied to pipes shall be cured in such a manner as will enable concrete to obtain and subsequently retain optimum strength, density and durability. Linings shall be kept moist by continuous least 3 days. They shall then be protected spraying with water or other means approved 7 days. Pipes shall not be removed from the elapsed from the date of lining. 6.1

water spraying for a period of at from sunlight and kept damp by by the S.O. for a further period of factory until at least 14 days have

INTERNAL PROTECTION AT PIPE ENDS Concrete shall be omitted at the following location: Spigot and socket ends -

The edge of the lining shall be angled back at 3mm to the pipe axis in order to provide a positive key for in-situ joint protection

Plain ends -

For butt straps or collar joints the lining shall terminate 90mm back from the pipe end. The edge of the lining shall be angled back at 3mm. For mechanical coupling and flange adaptor joints, the lining shall be brought right against the retaining rings.

1.1

GENERAL This section of this specification covers necessary information on the dimensions and various material requirements for Stainless Steel Water Meter (15mm) Positions connected to public mains. Specifications and material requirements for commonly used plumbing materials are also covered in this section. They are made up of the following components: •

Stainless steel pipes

•

All outgoing pipes are 20mm I.D.

•

For one-meter position, the incoming pipe is 20mm I.D.

•

For two-meter position, the incoming pipes are 25mm I.D.

•

For three to five meter stands, the incoming pipes are 50mm I.D.

•

Brass lockable valves;

•

Brass gate valve or ball valve (full bore) for two to f i v e meter positions (optional, depending on the respective State Water Authority) - ,

•

Brass or stainless steel fittings (e.g. nipple, coupling, elbow, jam nut, tee etc);

•

Sub-main, communication pipes and associated fittings;

•

Saddle anti ferrule for tapping from public main;

•

For single meter position, concrete slab (600mm x 600mm x 50mm thick)

Other jointing combinations for single and multi meter stands are as shown in Drawing (Please refer to Standard Drawing). Typical details of standpipe taps and kitchen sink tap are shown in Standard Drawin

2.1

Pipework for Stainless Steel Meter Position Pipework for stainless steel meter stands shall be to the dimensions shown or as specified and shall be complete with all elbows, tees, couplings., sockets, plugs, reducers, brackets, supports and everything else necessary to complete the installation. All stainless steel pipes used, shall be grade TP 304/TP316 conforming to ASTM A312 Welded Stainless Steel pipes (Schedule 40S). All fittings shall be stainless steel pipe fittings conforming to ASTM A351 GR CF 8/CF 8M or brass threaded fittings conforming to BS 143 & 1256 respectively. Brass threaded fittings made to EN l254-2 can also be used. Brass gate valve (full bore) shall confirm to BS 5154. Brass ball valve (full bore) shall conform to BS 6675:1986 or BS 1552 - .1995.

Figure 1: Standard Meter Stand for Pipe Size 15mm to 50mm

All polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings used as communication pipes, unless otherwise stated or shown in the drawing, shall have a minimum wall thickness and pressure rating of PN 12.5 at 20 0 C (equivalent to 10 Bar derated working pressure at 300 C) and manufactured to MS 1058 or EN 12201. All PE pipes used shall be marked with SIRIM certification numbers. If PE pipes and fittings were to be used for drain crossing or in the exposed situation, metal sleeves made of stainless steel or galvanised iron (G.I.) pipes to protect the PE pipes shall be provided.

(Note : G.I. pipes and fittings are not allowed to be used in contact with potable water supply.)

2.2

Pipework for Plumbing Pipework for water supply plumbing shall he to the dimensions shown or as specified and shall be complete with all bends, tees, sockets, plugs, reducers, brackets, supports and everything else necessary to complete tire installation. Typical details of standpipe taps and kitchen sink tap shown in Drawing MPE shall cover ABS pipes and fittings and all other types of pipes mentioned below for internal plumbing. Only ASTM A312 Schedule 40S stainless steel pipes and ASTM A.351 stainless steel pipe fittings or BS 143 & 1256 brass threaded fittings for external pipework are allowed. Where polyethylene PE pipe is stated or shown, the PE pipes and fittings used in cold water supply pipe work in distribution pipes above ground, below ground or concealed, unless otherwise stated or shown in the drawing, shall have a minimum wall thickness and pressure rating of PN 12.5 at 20 0 C (equivalent to 10 Bar de-rated working pressure at 30 0 C) and manufactured to MS 1058 or EN 12201). All PE pipes used shall be marked with SIRIM certification numbers. All metal fittings moulded integrally shall be dezincified brass with BSP threads to CZ132 or BS 2872 or BS 2874 and Nickel & Chromium plated to BS 1224: 1970, service condition No. 2, classification number Cu/Ni 10b Cr r. Where Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (AF3S) pipe (for cold water applications only) is stated or shown, ABS pipes and fittings used in the water supply pipework in distribution pipes above ground, below ground or concealed, unless otherwise stated or shown in the drawing, shall have a minimum wall thickness and pressure rating of class 12 to MS 1419. Where polybutylene (PB) pipe (for cold and hot water applications) is stated or shown, PB pipes and fittings used in the water supply pipework in distribution pipes above ground, below ground or concealed, unless otherwise stated or shown in the drawing, shall have a minimum wall thickness and pressure rating of PN 12.5 at 21°C (equivalent to 10 Bar de- rated working pressure at 30°C) and manufactured to EN l2321 or AS/NZS 2642. All metal fittings (in contact with water ) moulded integrally shall be de-zincified brass with BSP threads to CZ132 of BS 2872 or BS 2874 and Nickel & Chromium plated to BS 1224 : 1970, service condition No. 2, classification number Cu/Ni 10b Cr r. Where polypropylene Random Co-Polymer (PP-R) Type 3 Pipe and Fitting (for hot and cold water applications) is stated or shown, PP-R type 3 pipes and fittings used in the water supply pipework in distribution pipes above ground, below ground or concealed, unless otherwise stated or shown in the

drawing, shall have a minimum wall thickness and pressure rating of PN 16 or SDR 7.4 at 24°C, designed for 10 bar working pressure at 60°C for a minimum operation life of 50 years and manufactured to DIN 8077, DIN

8078 and DIN 16962 Part 5-8. All metal fittings moulded integrally shall be dezincification resistant brass with BSP threads to CZ 132 of BS 2872 or BS 2874 and Nickel & Chromium plated to BS 1224, service condition no.3 classification number Cu/Ni 10b Cr r. The minimum wall thickness and pressure rating for cold water system, unless otherwise stated or shown in the drawing is PN 10 or SDR 11 according to DIN 8077. Where stainless steel pipe (suitable for cold and hot water) is stated or shown, all service pipes, pump delivery pipe works, plumbing works at below and above ground level shall be welded austenitic stainless steel pipes (using Schedule 40S pipes for sizes ranging f/2" to 2" Diameter and threaded, and Schedule 10S pipes for 2" to 8" Diameter pipes by way of welding) manufactured according lo ASTM A.312/A312M together with stainless steel butt welding fittings manufactured according to ASTM A403/A403M or stainless steel screwed fittings manufactured according to ASTM A351/A351M. However for pipe work in plumbing above ground level (which include service pipes, pump delivery pipe works ), as an option, stainless steel tubes manufactured according to BS 4127 : 1994 specification for light gauge stainless steel tube, primarily for water application, may be used. It shall be made of stainless steel material grade 304 S15 of BS 1449 Part 2 : 1983 Compression fittings and capillary fittings to be used for joining the stainless steel tubes shall be made of copper and shall comply with BS 864. Where copper pipe is shown, it shall be to B.S. EN 1057:1996. Fittings to be used for joining copper pipe shall be to B.S. 864 :Pt. 2. Unless shown or stated otherwise, service pipes and distribution pipes except those buried under ground level, shall be concealed or protected with metal sleeve made of stainless steel or G.I. pipes. The contractor shall execute the work In such a manner so as to avoid cutting into finished work in walls, aprons, beams, etc. where practicable as the work proceeds. Pipework to be buried or concealed shall not be covered or plastered before they are examined, tested and approved by the State Water Authority, notwithstanding any approval given by the S.O.

Saddles used for tapping to public main shall conform to one of the following standards; •

JKR Standard Specification for Ferrous Saddles (revised edition 1999) Spesifikasi JKR 20200-0044-99.

JKR Standard Specification for Polyamide/polypropylene Alloy (PA/PP) Clamp Saddles to Be Used with uPVC; Ductile Iron, CIOD and AC Pipes (revised edition 1999) - Spesifikasi JKR 20200-0046-99. Tapping ferrules used shall conform to one of the following standards:

2.3

•

Malaysian Standard Specification for Brass Ferrules - MS 1396: 1991,

•

MR Standard Specification for Polypropylene (PP) Tapping Ferrules To Be Used with Polyethylene (PE) and uPVC Pipes - Spesifikasi JKR 20200-005599.

Concreting As shown in Drawing, 1:2:4 concrete slab casted with BRC 10 of minimum dimensions 640mm x 600mm x 50mm shall be provided for single or multi meter stands if they are placed in the open ground.

3.0

DIMENSIONS & THREADING REQUIREMENTS The design and pipework layouts of the single and multi-meter stands shall comply with the dimensions shown in Diagrams MPA and MPB. All stainless steel screwed ends and fittings shall be as follow: o

o

Wall thickness

ANSI Class 1 5 0 / A N S I B 1 6 3 4

Threaded ends

BS 21 (BSPT)

All stainless steel pipes and fittings (including brass) shall be threaded to BS21

4.0

TESTS AND INSPECTION Meter stands to be buried or concealed shall not be covered before they are examined, tested to the required working pressure (e.g. PN 10) and approved by the State Water Authority, notwithstanding any approval given by the S.O. The whole pipe work shall be accepted as satisfactory if there are no sign of leakages. The Contractor shall make good all leakages and replace any defective parts to the approval of the State Water Authority all at his own expense

5.0

MARKING FOR METER POSITION Single and two meter positions do not require any marking. For three or more meter stands, identification markings engraved on to the bronze plates shall be provided and nailed to the floor or the wall adjacent to it.

TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF CONTENTS

PAGE

certificate

i

Completion letter

ii

dedication

iii

Acknowledgements

iv

Table of Contents

vi

List of Tables List of Figures List of Appendices CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1.2 Objective Industry Training 1.3 The objective of the Report 1.4 Importance of Industrial Training t

CHAPTER 2: COMPANY BACKGROUND 2.1 Company information 2.2 company Background 2.3 Company Organizational Chart

CHAPTER 3 WEEKLY REFLECTION 3.1 Summary of activities during the training industry

CHAPTER 4 TECHNICAL REPORT 4.1 Steel pipe and specials 4.2 STAINLESS STEEL PIPE AND WATER METER STANDS CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION

P o l i t e k n i k S u l t a n S a l a h u d d i n A b d u l A z i z S h a h | 14

P o l i t e k n i k S u l t a n S a l a h u d d i n A b d u l A z i z S h a h | 15

P o l i t e k n i k S u l t a n S a l a h u d d i n A b d u l A z i z S h a h | 16