Indonesia Region

TECTONIC OF INDONESIA REGION KULIAH GEOLOGI STRUKTUR INDONESIA

Laboratorium Geodinamik Fa kultas Teknik Teknik Geologi,Un iversit iversitas as Padjadjaran Padjadjaran Tahun2012

Indones Ind onesia ia Positio Position n Global Plate-Tectonics Plate-Tectonics

Indonesia Position in Global Plate Tectonics

POSITION OF INDONESIA ISLAND    

The pacific oceanic plate in the northeast The Australian continental plate in southeast The Indian oceanic plate in the southwest The Asian continental plate in the northeast

BATHYMETRY : 



Continental landmass: continental islands and sea shelf: < 200 m Oceanic Islands and Oceanic Deeps :>200 m CONTINENTAL LANDMASSES AND OCEAN : SUNDA SHELF :   

  Sumatra   Java and   Kalimantan

ARAFURA CONTINENTAL SHELF :  

Australian continent   Irian Jaya New Guinea

GRAVITY MAP OF INDONESIA

INDONESIA SEDIMENT THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION

TECTONIC PLATES AND CRUSTS CHARACTERISTICS OF I NDONESIA TECTONIC PLATES   

Western Indonesia: Stable Sunda Continent Central Indonesia: Micro-continents And Oceanic Basins East Indonesia: Stable Sahul/Australian Continent PLATE TECTONICS MOVEMENT IN INDONESIA involves   

Convergence, (collisions, subduction and obduction). Divergence (rifting, break-up and subsequent seafloor spreading). Transvergence (wrench faulting); involving translatation and rotation. PLATE BOUNDARIES:

1.

ACTIVE MARGINS Subduction Zones: Obduction Zones Transduction Zones PASSIVE MARGINS   Delta Basin Carbonate Plateform COLLISION ZONES AND OROGENIC BELTS   

2.

 

3.

PLATE BOUNDARIES ACTIVE MARGINS :

1. SUBDUCTION ZONES : CONTINENTAL ISLAND ARC : Western Sumatra Sunda Arc, Southern Java Sunda Arc. OCEANIC ISLAND ARC :  Nusatenggara Sunda Arc 2. OBDUCTION ZONES : Banda Arc: Australian continent being subducted under  Banda Sea oceanic crust  3. TRANSDUCTION ZONES: Sorong Faultzone 



PASSIVE MARGINS :

1. NORTHWEST BORNEO PASSIVE MARGIN : East Natuna basinal area, Baram Delta 2. EASTERN KALIMANTAN PASSIVE MARGINS 3. MICROCONTINENT PASSIVE MARGINS : Southwest Sulawesi Basinal area COLLISION ZONES AND OROGENIC BELTS :

1. 2. 3. 4.

Kuching Zone Meratus Mts Belt Central Sulawesi Collision Belt Central Irian Jaya Mt Range

PLATE TECTONICS SUBDIVISION OF INDONESIA

West Indo nesia with Sunda

 

 



 

Platform acting as a continental core Central Indonesia consisting of fragmented microcontinents represented by Sulawesi and the Banda Arc East Indonesia witht he Arafura Platfrom acting as continental core

TECTONIC FRAMEWORK OF INDONESIA

WESTERN INDONESIA ACTIVE MARGIN

To the wes and south the Sundaland is bordered by an active margin; consisting of an island arc system with fore arc, interarc and back-arc basins, as the result of a convergence with the Indian oceanic plate in which the oceanic plate under the continetal plate is subducted under the continental crust. PASSIVE MARGIN

1.

The East Sundaland margin, rifting, break-up and sea-floor spreading of the Makassar Strait, and the formation of : Aulocogene basins followed by deltaic deposition of the Mahakan Delta and Tarakan Delta. Paternoster Carbonate Platform. The Northwest Sundaland margin; as the result of rifting and opening of the South China Seas and associated rifting in the Gulf of Thailand and western Natuna basin. Rifting of the South China sea resulted into a collision in Northwest Borneo. 



2.

FRAGMENTED MICROCONTINENTS BETWEEN OCEANIC BASINS

Consisting of assorted microcontinents, mainly broken off from the Australian Continent, but some belong to the Asian Continent : southwestern Sulawesi Sulawesi Island Banggai-Sula Islands West Nusa-tenggara Island Arc   

CENTRAL & EASTERN INDONESIA

CENTRAL INDONESIA :   an

assortment or conglomeration of contental fragments oceanic basins and oceanic troughs : Sulawesi Island: an conglomeration of Australian and Asian continental fragments and island arc Sula-Banggai Island Halmahera Island-arc Lesser Sunda Islands, and island-arc as the eastern continuation of the Sunda island arc Oceanic Basins of Flores sea, Banda sea and Celebes sea 

  



EASTERN INDONESIA - Major Tectonic Elements :    

Arafura Shelf: Stable Shelf  Banda Island Arc: Passive to Active Margin (Subduction/Obduction) Jaya Wijaya Central Range: Orogenic Mountain Range Sorong Fault Zone: Active wrench fault (transduction)

EVOLUTION OF BACK ARC BASIN MODEL

EVOLUTION OF THE RIFT-DRIFT-COLLISION MODEL

PLATE-TECTONICS BASIN CLASSIFICATION

INTRUSION TECTONICS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

TECTONIC OF INDONESIA

MAJOR TECTONIC FRAME-WORK AT WEST INDONESIA

INDONESIA BASINS 96° E

10 0 ° E

10 4 ° E

1 08 ° E

1 12 ° E

1 1 6° E

120° E

12 4 ° E

12 8 ° E

13 2 ° E

13 6 ° E

1 4 0° E

144° E

M a n la i

THAILAND

TYPES OF BASINS

LISTOF BASINS

Bangkok

INTRACRATONIC

OCEANIC TRENCH*

ISLAND ARC

CAMBODIA PASSIVE MARGIN

FOREARC

ABO RTED RIFT

INTRA-ARC

OCEANIC AND REMNANTOCEANIC

12° N Pnom Pene

FOREDEEP VIETNAM 

FORELAND

PLATFORM

Ho Chim int h

PULL-APART

TRA NSFORM MARGIN

BACK-ARC

THRUST FOLD BELT

SUSPENDED

S o ut h SUTURE

C hin

1 NORTHSUMATRA 2 CENTRALSUMATRA 3 OMBILIN 4 SOUTHSUMATRA 5 MEULABOH 6 NIAS 7 MENTAWAI 8 SUNDASTRAIT 9 SOUTHWEST JAVA 10 SOUTHJAVA 11 SOUTHBALI-LOMBOK 12 SOUTHCENTRAL JAVA 13 SOUTHEAST JAVA 14 SUNDA 15 ASRI VERA a16 S e a 17 BILLITON

18 NORTHWEST JAVA 19 NORTHEAST JAVA 20 FLORES 21 WEST NATUNA 22 EAST NATUNA 23 MELAWI 24 KETUNGAU 25 PEMBUANG 26 BARITO 27 ASEM ASEM & PASIR 28 PATERNOSTER 29 UPPERKUTEI 30 KUTEI 31 MUARA 32 NORTHEAST KALIMANTAN 33 CELEBES 34 NORTHM AKASSAR

INDONESIA BASINS

35 SOUTHM AKASSAR 52 WEBER 36 LARIANG 53 SERAM (BULA) 37 SPERMONDE 54 NEHALMAHERA(KAUBAY) M in d o ro 38 SALAYAR 55 EAST HALMAHERA(BULI BAY) 39 SENGKANG 56 SEHALMHERA(WEDABAY) 40 BONE 57 ARAFURA Sa m a r  41 GORONTALO 58 ARU 42 SOUTHMINAHASA 59 AKIMEUGAH 43 NORTHMINAHASA 60 CENTRAL IRIANJAYA Pa n a y RU 44 BANGGAI-SULA 61 LENGGU 45 SALABANGKA 62 BINTUNI 46 MANUI 63 TELUK BERAU-AJUMARU 47 BUTON 64 MISOOL-ONIN 48 BANDA 65 SALAWATI 49 SAVU 66 WAIPOGA-WAROPEN Ne g ro s 50 TIMOR Pa la wa n 51 TANIMBAR-KAIS

PHILIPPINES

P A C I F I C  O C E A N 

This distribution of basin in Indones ia is not an official docum ent. This m ap has been p repared and m odified f r o m t h e p r e v i o u s P E R T A M I N A/ B E I C E P 1 9 8 2 a n d 1 9 8 5 n o n e x c l u s i v e s t u d i e s .

08° N M in d a n a o

T     H     A    I    L    A    N    D   

I   N   T    HA  I    L  D O    A   N   E    N   D   S   IA  

   D    A I    A N   S    I A L   A Y    H  A L    T    M Sandakan

1

M     a   l      a  c   c  a  

Banda Aceh Lhokseum

awe

22 S    t     r    a   i      t   

04° N

5

M    I N    A  L   D     A   O    Y     N    E    S     A   I    S     A   I   

M edan

M      A    L     A    Y     S     I      A   

PHILIPPINES Br unei Dar usalam

Kualalum pur 

 Anam bas

N a tu n a

 R  A  S A

S e a

2 S     U     M      A    T     3 R      A   

Tana Bat u

Si  berut 

M orot ai 

32

43S e a 42

S u l aw e s i

Kucing

Batam Bi  nt an

24

Pekanbar u

Padang

00°

33

 A K  W

31

SINGAPORE 

6

INDONESIA

Nat una

I      N      M      D       A      O      L     N       A       Y       E      S      S      I       I       A       A     

Ni  as

SABAH 

21

TobaLake

Si  m eul e

BRUNEI 

Pont a i nak

Si  ngkep

29

23

Sam ar inda

30

Mahakam Total

KAL IMAN TAN  K     a   r    i     m  

Jam bi

Bangka Palem bang

4

Pagai 

Bel  i tung 

Plaju

34

Palangkar aya

a   t      a  

Sakakemang B lo c k

Si   pura

  a    M

25

S    t      r   a   i      t    

   r    t    S  r   a  s  s  a  k

26

HALMAHERA

54

M anado

 i t  a

H a l m a h e r a

Wai geo

41 M a l u k u

S ea

Bacan

56

Palu

Bi  ak 

65

Banggai 

36

27

S e a

55

O bi 

M angol e

44

Tal  i bu

M i soo l 

SULAWESI  S e ra m

45

Banjar m asin

Yapen

63

7

14

Bengkulu

J a va

Kendar i

28

60 39

16

18 Cir ebon

B a n da

Madura

Sem ar ang

12

B a li

Pasur uhan

13

Bal  i  Denpa sar

S ea

20

F l o re s

Wakem

51

  m   n i  a T

Wet ar 

PAPUANEW  GUNEA

Kobroor 

58

S e a

  r  a  b

Trangan

57

 A r a f u r a

Se a Yos Sudarso

 Al  or 

Lom bok  Fl ores

Diil

Sum bawa

T i m o r

S e a

    A     E     N     I     A     U     I     S     G     E     W     N    E     O    N     D    A     N    U     I     P     A     P

ONESIA

49

11

O C E A N 

59

Kai 

M a ta r a m

10

I N D I A N

52

48

Sur abaya

Yogyakar t a

S e a

40

38

Bandung

J AVA 08° S

47

37

19

Jakar t a

9

IR IAN J AYA

Buton

Ujungpandang

8

46

35

S e a

Lam pung

Enggano

Jayapur a

61

 Am bon

Laut 

17

15

66

53 64

Seram Buru

04° S

Cendrawasih Bay 

62

S e a

Sum ba

S a wu

S e a

Timor  Kupang

IND LI A  AU STRA

50

12° S

 AUSTRALIA KILOMETERS 0 16° S

500

 AUSTRALIA

TECTONIC OF WEST INDONESIA

Indonesia barat ditentukan dan dipengaruhi sifat gerak lempeng Hindia – Australia yang bergerak ke utara bertemu dengan lempeng Eurasia. Pertemuan kedua lempeng ini bersifat tumbukan dan melibatkan kerak Samudra Hindia dan kerak Kontinen Asteng membentuk busur kepulauan Sunda Arc System.

BACK ARC BASIN :     

 

Cekungan Aceh Utara Cekungan Sumatera Utara Cenkungan Sumatera Tengah Cekungan Sumatera Selatan Cekungan Jawa Barat Laut : • Cekungan Jabar • Cekungan Sunda • Cekungan Beliton. Cekungan Jateng Timur Laut. Cekungan Kalimantan : • cekungan Asem-asem • cekungan Barito • cekungan Kutai • cekungan Tarakan.

SUMATRA BASIN    

Cekungan Aceh Utara Cekungan Sumatera Utara Cenkungan Sumatera Tengah Cekungan Sumatera Selatan

JAVA BASIN





Cekungan Jawa Barat Laut : •   Cekungan Jabar •   Cekungan Sunda •   Cekungan Beliton. Cekungan Jateng Timur Laut

KALIMANTAN BASIN • cekungan Asemasem • cekungan Barito • cekungan Kutai •   cekungan Tarakan.

TECTONIC OF EAST INDONESIA

EASTERN INDONESIA BASIN

•

The petroliferous basins of Eastern Indonesia are geologically different from those in the west of the archipelago.

•

In fact, in many cases thay cannot strictly be classified as basins, and include complex fold belts and even thrust belts that are elevated to such an extent.

•

Geological differences to the basins of Western Indonesia include a Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary history older than the Jurassic breakup of the Gondwana supercontinent.

•

The pre-Tertiary and early Tertiary stratigraphies are near-copies of the NW shelf of Australia. They prove that the multitude of highly rotated and deformed fragments making up many of  the islands of Eastern Indonesia, from eastern Sulawesi to Irian Jaya, were part of the Australian craton.

•

The only explored area of Eastern Indonesia that does not demonstrate this affinity is the western side of Sulawesi, representing a fragment from the edge of the Sundaland.

•

Eastern Indonesia is tectonically and s tructurally very complex, comprising slivers of  continental blocks, arc fragments and trapped ocean basins.

•

• •

•

•

Although many potential petroleum basins are recognized, they tend to be small, geologically poorly understood and, many, in deep water. Some 86 % of Eastern Indonesia’s basinal areas are in water depths greater than 200 m (Pattinama and Samuel, 1992) and the onshore areas are in remote jungle. Of the 38 Paleozoic to tertiary-age sedimentary basins identified in Eastern Indonesia, 20 remain undrilled and many that have been drilled are under-explored. Although the bas ins of Eastern Indonesia may never prove to be as prolific as the backarc basins of Western Indonesia, this is viewed as a reflection of the explorationist’s reticence, rather than the region’s true potential. Recent discoveries include the Senoro-Donggi gas in Tertiary reefs in eastern Sulawesi, Oseil oil field in Jurassic Seram, giant (over 20 TCFG) gas discoveries in Tangguh complex, g iant (over 3.5 TCFG) gas discovery in Abadi Masela of Arafura Sea, and a string of oil and gas -condensate discoveries in NW Shelf of Australia (Bayu-Undan, Elang, Kakatua, Corallina, Laminaria) may boost exploration in Eastern Indonesia. Four of main areas in Eastern Indonesia tha have already been targets of HC exploration are Sulawesi, Seram, Western Papua, and the Arafura Sea.

SULAWESI

BANDA ARC

SALAWATI BASIN