INDICADORES EPIDEMIOLOGICOS

INDICADORES EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS Dr. Dr. Carlos Car los Soto Linares 

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FRECUENCIAS 

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ABSOLUTAS

Señalan cuantos hechos relacionados con la salud, ocurrieron en la población en un determinado periodo. Ayuda a definir la magnitud del problema de Salud. Importancia : Fines Administrativos

Ejemplo 1 : Al Ejemplo Al ssa sab abeerr que el año pasa pasad sado d do o naci nacier eron on 15 150 150 0 niños niños de de los cuales murieron 3 por   sarampión sirve rv rve p para ara

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RECUENCIA NCIAS S RELA RELATIV TIVAS AS FRECUE Son coeficientes que resultan de relacionar un fenómeno de salud salud con otro, o éste éste fenómeno fenómeno con la población. Las frecuencias relativas mas empleadas en Epidemiología son:  RAZONES  PROPORCIONES, y  TASAS Las Razones y Proporciones se aplican tanto

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DEFINICIONES Y FORMULAS La fórmula para todos los indicadores epidemiológicos, epidemiológicos, tienen la misma forma básica:

Ta asa sa

=

X  Y

x

K

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FACTOR

DE AMPLIACIÓ AMPLIACIÓN N K

Es un valor asignado, necesariamente múltiplo de 10. La selección del valor de K generalmente se efectúa de tal modo que la tasa menor  calculada en una serie tenga por lo menos un dígito a la izquierda del punto decimal. VALORES DE K GENERALMENTE USADOS POR CONCEN

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RAZONES 

 

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Una razón es la expresión de la frecuencia de algún evento comparado con otros eventos. Una cantidad no está contenida dentro de la otra. Se compara fenómenos diferentes (v.g. El número de alumnos con vacuna S S--R -R del 66°° grado grado comparados compar comparad ados os con el número de alumnos sin vacuna SS-R -R del 66°° grado en una escuela en particular). Comentarios  La

:

población y el intervalo (o punto) de tiempo, de los

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RAZONES La fórmula de una razón es: Razón =

X

x

K

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DISTRIBUCION DISTRIBUC ION PROPORCIONAL 



Definición : Es el porcentaje o proporción de eventos que ocurren en una de las categorías (o subgrupos), del número total de eventos de una serie de datos. El numerador es siempre parte del denominador, y el valor de la proporción es siempre menor que la unidad

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DISTRIBUCION DISTRIBUC ION PROPORCIONAL 

Comúnmente

es usada en situaciones donde no es posible calcular una tasa de incidencia; sin embargo ésta no es una tasa y por lo tanto no puede ser interpretada como una estimación del riesgo de exposición o infección.

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TASAS 

Indicador

que mide el riesgo de enfermar, morir o sufrir un daño a la salud que tiene un individuo de una determinada población en un tiempo

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TASAS

REQUISITOS Requ Re Requiere quie iere re de ci ciert ciertas ert rta as as ex exige exig igenci igen enci ncias cias as como: como co mo: Los Los términos de la relación numeradorr  y

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TIPOS DE TASAS

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A. TASAS TASAS DE MORBILIDAD MORBILIDAD

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TASA DE INCIDENCIA

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TASA DE INCIDENCIA

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TASA DE INCIDENCIA*

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