INDIAN PENAL CODE

CHAPTER 1 INCIDENCE AND RATE OF COGNIZABLE CRIMES IN TAMIL NADU

Introduction

Broad classification of crimes under the Indian Penal Code (IPC)

The Criminal Procedure Code (Cr.PC.) divides all the crimes into two categories:

i)

(i) Cognizable - Sec.2(c) Cr.PC (ii) Non-cognizable - Sec.2(l) Cr.PC

Cognizable Crimes

Crimes Against Body: Murder, Its attempt, Culpable Homicide not amounting to Murder, Kidnapping & Abduction, Hurt, Causing Death by Negligence is shown in Table–1.9 (Map-1.4 & 1.5).

ii) Crimes Against Property: Dacoity, its preparation & assembly, Robbery, Burglary, Theft is shown in Table-1.10 (Map-1.6 & 1.7)

A cognizable offence or case is defined as the one which an officer incharge of a police station may investigate without the order of a magistrate and effect arrest without warrant. The police have a direct responsibility to take immediate action on the receipt of a complaint or of credible information in such crimes, visit the scene of crime, investigate the facts, apprehend the offender and arraign him before a court of law having jurisdiction over the matter. Cognizable crimes are broadly categorized as those falling either under the `Indian Penal Code (IPC)' or under the `Special and Local Laws (SLL)'.

iii) Crimes Against Public Order: Riots, Arson is shown in Table-1.11 (Map-1.8 & 1.9). iv) Economic Crimes: Criminal Breach of Trust, Cheating, Counterfeiting is shown in Table-1.12 (Map-1.10 & 1.11). v) Crimes Against Women: “Crime Against Women” chapter has dealt with the issue at length about Rape, Dowry Death, Cruelty by Husband and Relatives, Molestation, Sexual Harassment and Importation of Girls.

Non-Cognizable Offence Non-Cognizable crimes are defined as those which cannot be investigated by police without the order of a competent magistrate. Police does not initiate investigation in non-cognizable crimes except with magisterial permission. First schedule of the Cr.PC. gives the classification of offences under IPC into cognizable & non-cognizable categories.

vi) Crimes Against Children: “Crime Against Children” chapter has dealt with the issue at length about Child Rape, Kidnapping & Abduction of Children, Procurement of minor girls, Selling/Buying of girls for Prostitution, Abetment to Suicide, Exposure and Abandonment, Infanticide, Foeticide.

The various crimes that are being registered and investigated by different law enforcement agencies are broadly grouped under the following categories for Statistical Information System.

vii)

Other IPC crimes.

The following are the important sections of Law in Other IPC Cases under which cognizance is taken by Police.

1

1.

304 IPC

13. 306 IPC - Abetment of suicide

2.

429 IPC

3.

294 (b) IPC

14. 332, 353 - IPC Assaulting public servant while on duty

4.

160 IPC – Affray

15. 328, 329 - IPC (Poison)

5.

283 IPC - Act endangering human life

16. 143, 188 IPC Disobey the Public Order

6.

411 IPC – Receiving stolen property

7.

377 IPC – Unnatural offences

8.

224 IPC – Escaping from Police custody 384 IPC – Extortion

9.

17. 506 (i) & 506 (ii) IPC – Intimidation 18. 279, 336, 337, 338 IPC Rash and Negligent Act 19. 447,448, 449,450,452 IPC- Trespass 20. 323 IPC R/W 190 (b) Cr.PC., Causing simple hurt by means of simple weapon 21. 465, 466, 467,468,469,471,472, 473,475,476,477,477(A) IPC –Forgery

10. 318 IPC – Infanticide 11. 355 IPC – Assault with criminal force with intent to dishonour 12. 509 IPC - Insulting the modesty of women

Crimes under the Special and Local Laws (SLL) i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii) ix) x) xi) xii) xiii) xiv) xv) xvi) xvii) xviii) xix) xx) xxi) xxii)

1.

Arms Act, 1959; Narcotic Drugs & Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985; Gambling Act, 1867; Excise Act, 1944; Prohibition Act; Explosives & Explosive Substances Act, 1884 & 1908; Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956; Railways Act, 1989; Registration of Foreigners Act, 1930; Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955; Indian Passport Act, 1967; Essential Commodities Act, 1955; Terrorist & Disruptive Activities Act; Antiquities & Art Treasures Act, 1972; Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961; Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929; Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986; Copyright Act, 1957; Sati Prevention Act, 1987; SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989; Forest Act, 1927; Other SLL crimes (not specified above) including Cyber Laws under Information Technology Act (IT), 2000 are appended below :-

2.

Air (Prevention and Pollution) Act, 1981 Anti Hijacking Act, 1982

3.

Antiquities and Art Treasure Act, 1972

4. 5. 6. 7.

Arms rules 1997 Central Excises and Salt Act, 1944 Consumer Protection Act 1986 Consumer Protection Act, 1986

8.

12.

Criminal Law (Amendment) Ordinance, 1944 Criminal Law (Amendment) Ordinance, 1946 Departmental Enquiries (Enforcement of Attendance of Witnesses and Production of Documents) Act, 1972 Disturbed Areas (Special Courts) Act, 1976 Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1949

13.

Environment Protection Act 1986

14.

Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (Act No. 104/56 as Amended upto Act 44/86) Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986 Indian Stamp Act, 1899

9. 10. 11.

15. 16. 17.

2

Control

of

18.

Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008 Mental Health Act, 1987

19.

Motor Vehicles Act, 1988

20.

Poisons Act, 1934

21.

Police Act, 1949

22. 23.

Prevention of Black Marketing and Maintenance of Supplies of Essential Commodities Act, 1980 Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988

24.

Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954

25.

Prevention of Insults to National Honour (Amendment) Act, 2003 Prevention of Seditious Meetings Act, 1911

26. 27.

Protection of Civil Rights Act 1955

28. 29.

Railways Act, 1989 Recovery of Debts due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993

30.

Representation of the People (Amendment) Act 2003 SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act Standards of Weights and Measures (Enforcement) Act, 1985

31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.

38. 39. 40. 41. 42.

44.

The (Prohibition) Child Marriage Act 2006 The Abducted Persons (Recovery and Restoration) Act, 1949

45. 46.

The Arms Act, 1981 The Atomic Energy Act, 1962 The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act and Rules 1976 The Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Amendment Act, 2007 The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986

53.

The Child Marriage (Amendment) Act, 1929

54.

The Children (Pledging of Labour) Act, 1933

55. 56.

58. 59. 60.

The Children Act, 1960 The Cigarettes (Regulations of Production, Supply and Distribution), Act 1975 The Cigarettes and other Tobacco products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) Act, 2003 The Cinematography Act, 1952 The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 The Collection of Statistics Act, 1953

61.

The Conservation of Foreign Exchange

62.

The Copy Right (Amendment) Act 1992 The Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1966 The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1986

64.

The Electricity Act, 1910 The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act, 2006

67.

69.

The Essential Services Maintenance Act, 1961 (Act XL of 1981) The Explosive Substances (Amendment) Act, 2001 The Family Courts Act, 1984

70.

The Foreigners (Amendment) Act, 2004

71.

The Forests Act, 1927

72.

The Identification of Prisoner's Act, 1920 The Indian Easements Act, 1882 The Indian Explosives Rules 1998 The Indian Extradition Act, 1973

73. 74. 75.

The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 3

Restraint

65. 66.

68.

(Special

Laws

52.

63.

Tamil Nadu Prohibition of Sexual harassment of Women Act, 2000 Tamil Nadu Property (Prevention of Damage and Loss) Act, 1992 Areas

48. 49. 50.

57.

Tamil Nadu Motor Vehicles Taxation Act, 1974 Tamil Nadu Prevention of Dangerous Activities of Boot Leggers, Drug Offenders, Goondas, Immoral Traffic Offenders, Forest Offenders and Slum Grabbers Act, 1982. Tamil Nadu Prohibition Act, 1937 and Rules 1996 Tamil Nadu Prohibition of Eve-Teasing Act, 1998 Tamil Nadu Prohibition of Harassment of Women (Amended) Act 2002.

Terrorists Affected Courts) Act, 1984

The Anti-Corruption (Amendment) Act, 1967

51.

Tamil Nadu Exhibition of Film on TV Screen through VCR and through Cable Network (Regulation) Rules 1984 Tamil Nadu Exhibition of Films on TV Screen through Video Cassette Recorders Act, 1984 (Video Piracy) Tamil Nadu Forest (Amendment) Act, 1965

43.

47.

76. 77.

The Indian Passport Rules, 1950 The Indian Telegraph (Amendment) Act, 2006

78.

The Juvenile Justice (Care Protection of Children) Act, 2000

and

79. 80.

The Madras Town Nuisance Act, 1889 The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 2002

81. 82.

The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 2001 The National Security Act, 1980

83.

The Official Secrets Act, 1923

84. 85.

The Passports (Amendment) Act 2002 The Police (Incitement to Disaffection) Act, 1922 The Police Forces (Restriction of Rights) Act, 1966 The Pre-Natal Diagnostic Technique (Regulation, Prevention & Misuse) Act 1994 The Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867 The Prevention of Cruelty to animals Act, 1960 The Prevention of Damage to Public Property Act, 1984 (Act III of 1984) The Prevention of Publication of Objectionable Matter Act, 1976

86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96.

The Registration of Foreigners Act, 1939

101. 102.

The Religious Endowments Act, 1863 The Revenue Recovery Act, 1890

103. 104.

The Special Marriage Act, 1954 The Tamil Nadu Air (Prevention and Control Pollution) Rules 1983 The Tamil Nadu Cinemas (Regulation) Act, 1955 The Tamil Nadu City Police Act, 1888 The Tamil Nadu Clinical Establishments (Regulation) Act, 1997 The Tamil Nadu District Police Act, 1859 The Tamil Nadu Gaming Act, 1930

105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110.

The Tamil Nadu Motor Vehicle Rules, 1940(1989)

111.

The Tamil Nadu Places of Public Resorts Act, 1889 The Tamil Nadu Protection of Interests of Depositors (in Financial Establishment) Act 1997 The Tamil Nadu Restriction of Habitual Offenders Act, 1948 The Tamil Nadu Right to Information Act 1997 with Rules The Tamil Nadu Transparency in Tenders Act, 1998 The Telegraph Act, 1885

112. 113.

The Preventive Detention Act, 1950 The Prize Chits and Money Circulation Schemes (Banning) Act, 1978 The Probation of Offenders Act, 1958

114.

The Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2006 The Protection of women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005

116.

97.

The Public Gambling Act, 1867

98.

The Railway Property (Unlawful Possession) Act, 1966 The Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969

99.

100.

115.

117. 118. 119. 120. 121.

Population

The Telegraph Wires (Unlawful Possession) Act, 1950 The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Act, 2004 The Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1933 Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1983

initiated suo-moto by police have been collected since 2001 in order to assess the quantum of work load of police. The year-wise number of such complaints vis-à-vis actual number of cognizable crimes registered by Police are presented in Table-1.1.

Estimated population is used for calculating crime rate (i.e. number of crimes per one lakh of population). The estimated population of the state for the year 2011 is 721.39 lakhs. Population of the state in the decade (2001 - 2011) has increased by 16.15% with an annual exponential growth rate of 2.39%.

No. of Complaints Received

Complaints Received by Police The total number of complaints received by police whether oral, written, distress call or the ones 4

7,19,087 complaints were received by all Police Stations in 2011 as compared to 7,01,466 complaints received during 2010 representing an increase of 2.5% over 2010. 40,867 (5.68%) were oral complaints, 2,89,295 (40.23%) were written

complaints, 1,674 (0.23%) was distress calls reported over phones (No.100) and 3,87,251 (53.85%) complaints were initiated by Police. It is observed that all these complaints were registered as cognizable offences with 1,92,879 under IPC and the remaining 5,26,208 under SLL. Chennai City (1,06,365) received maximum number of complaints whereas The Nilgiris (2,910) received the least. Dist/City-wise Incidence of IPC+SLL Crime shown in Map-1.1.

7,01,466 cases reported in 2010. Head-wise percentage distribution of various cognizable crimes under IPC for 6 years from 2006 to 2011 is presented in Table-1.4. ¾ IPC ¾ SLL

1,92,879 – 26.8% 5,26,208 – 73.2%

CHART-1.1 PERCENTAGE SHARE OF IPC AND SLL CRIMES DURING 2011

Cognizable Crimes The incidence of cognizable crimes in the state during the decade 2001 to 2011 is presented in Table-1.2. As many as 7,19,087 cognizable crimes were reported in the State during 2011 comprising 1.93 lakh cases under IPC and 5.26 lakh cases under SLL. The ratio of IPC to SLL crimes is 1:2.7 in 2007 and also in 2011. 73.2% of total crimes during 2011 were accounted for by special acts & Local Laws and the rest (26.8%) by the Indian Penal Code. The rate of total crimes (IPC + SLL) was 996.8 in 2011 showing an increase of 9.87% over 2007 and a decline of 49.96% over 2010.

SLL 73.2%

IPC 26.8%

(Refer Table 1.2) 2. Other enforcement agencies of the State Government apart from the local police, have registered 1,06,247 cognizable crimes.

Total cognizable crimes reported in the state increased by 17,621. Crime incidence has increased to 7,19,087 in 2011 when compared to

Cognizable Crimes registered during 2007-2011 YEAR 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Number of Offences IPC 172754 176833 174691 185678 192879

SLL

Total

474963 491797 543266 515788 526208

647717 668630 717957 701466 719087

5

Ratio (IPC: SLL) 1:2.7 1:2.8 1:3.1 1:2.8 1:2.7

Rate Per (1,00,000 Population) 986.9 1011.4 1078.6 1046.8 996.8

COGNIZABLE CRIMES REGISTERED BY VARIOUS ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES DURING 2011 S. No.

Agency

Act Under Which Cases Registered (3)

3 4

(2) Vigilance & Anti Corruption Wing Prohibition Enforcement Wing Video Piracy Cell, CBCID Crime Branch CID

5

Idol Wing (EOW)

(1) 1 2

6 7 8

Narcotic Intelligence Bureau, CBCID Economic Offences Wing - II Commercial Crime Investigation Wing

Prevention of Corruption Act & IPC Tamil Nadu Prohibition Act 1937 Copy Rights (Amendment) Act 1992 Indian Penal Code 1860 Indian Penal Code 1860, Antiquities & Art Treasures Act, 1972 Narcotic Drugs And Psychotropic Substances Act 1985 Tamil Nadu Protection of Interest of Depositors Act 1996 & Non Tnpid Indian Penal Code 1860, Prevention of Corruption Act 1988

Total

No. of Cases Registered (4) 274 101486 2665 62 6 1640 44 70

106247

Crime Incidence (IPC + SLL)

position of that particular district/city in relation to others.

Total incidence of crime gives an absolute picture of the crime situation in the state or the district. Comparative figures over a period of time indicate an increase or decrease in the incidence of crime requiring appropriate crime control efforts by the district police. IPC crimes reported a fast pace of growth rate of 24.1% as compared to the lower growth rate of population 16.15% in the decade (Table-1.2).

The crime rate defined as the ‘number of crimes’ per one lakh population is universally taken as a realistic indicator since it balances the effect of growth in population. The rate of total cognizable crimes in the State which showed an increasing trend during 2003-2004 (from 1161.5 in 2003 to 1258.3 in 2004) decreased to 1080.9 in 2005 and declined to 918.4 in 2006 and rose to 986.9 in 2007. However, it rose to 1011.5 in 2008, to 1078.6 in 2009, declined to 1046.8 in 2010 and further declined to 996.81 in 2011. The crime rate has decreased by 4.8% in 2011 as compared to 2010. The crime rate in respect of IPC crimes has decreased by 3.5% from 277.08 in 2010 to 267.37 in 2011 and that for SLL crimes has decreased by 5.2% from 769.69 in 2010 to 729.44 in 2011.

(Incidence…7,19,087)

Crime Rate (IPC + SLL) (Crime Rate…996.81)

Population is one of the important factors influencing incidence of crime. A positive correlation between the growth in incidence of crime and the population of the state has been observed. A number of socioeconomic factors, besides population, could influence the crime situation at a particular place. The present analysis of crime rate is restricted to the influence of population only, therefore, the analysis of crime rate of a particular District/City shouldn’t be construed as the sole indicator of crime

Crime Incidence- IPC (Incidence…1,92,879)

A total of 1,92,879 IPC crimes were reported in the state during the year 2011 against 1,85,678 in 2010 recording an increase of 3.9% in 2011 which can be attributed to increase in the incidence of 6

Crimes Under IPC:

crimes under all major heads, namely Attempt to commit murder, Kidnapping and Abduction, Dacoity, Robbery, Riots, Criminal Breach of Trust, Cheating, Arson, Molestation, Cruelty by Husband, Causing death by negligence and Other IPC Crimes. Rise in population, truancy, unemployment etc. are some of the major reasons for this rising pattern of crime. Chennai City and Viluppuram registered more than 10,000 cases.

CHART –1.2 INCIDENCE OF COGNIZABLE (IPC) CRIMES 2007 - 2011

TOTAL NO. OF IPC CASES

200000

172754 176833 174691

185678

192879

150000

100000

The share of IPC crimes to total cognizable crimes in percentage terms increased from 26.7% in 2007 and declined to 26.5% in 2008 and 24.3% in 2009, It rose to 26.5% in 2010, and to 26.8 in 2011, thus showing a mixed trend during the five-year period of 2007 - 2011. Chennai City, Viluppuram and Cuddalore accounted for about 21.52% of total crimes reported in the state during 2011.

50000

0

2007

2008

2009

YEAR

2 010

2 011

District / City wise IPC Crime trends Incidence:

Crime Rate - IPC

Highest incidence of IPC cases was reported in Chennai City (21,346 cases) followed by Viluppuram (10,945) and Cuddalore (9,215). Table–1.5 shows district/city-wise breakup of IPC cases.

(Crime rate…267.37) Dist/City-wise Crime Rate is shown in Table–1.8 & Map-1.2. Average IPC Crime Rate for 2011 is 267.37 whereas the same for 2010 was 277.08. The IPC crime rate has increased by 6.85% during the decade 2001-2011 from 250.24 in 2001 to 267.37 in 2011. It has increased by 12.28% during 2011 as compared with quinquennial average (during 2006 - 2010) rate of 259.79. Theni (403.56), Madurai (390.53), Salem City (374.80), Cuddalore (354.30) and Coimbatore (347.43) have reported much higher crime rates as compared to the State average of 267.37. Tiruvannamalai (174.08) and The Nilgiris (180.12) recorded the lowest crime rates (Chart- 1.7).

CHART –1.3 INCIDENCE OF COGNIZABLE (SLL) CRIMES 2007 – 2011

600000 474963

491797

543266

526208 515788

400000

200000

COGNIZABLE CRIMES: Crime Trends - Total Crimes (IPC + SLL) 7,19,087 Cognizable crimes were reported in 2011 which is 2.5% higher than the previous year. Corresponding increase for IPC is 3.9% and 2.0% for SLL.

0

2 007

2008

200 9

YEAR

7

2 010

2011

HEAD WISE ANALYSIS OF IPC OFFENCES

Pudukkottai, Salem, Sivagangai, Thoothukudi, Tiruvarur and Trichy City registered each one case. Remaining districts/cities had no cases under this head.

Head-wise analysis of IPC offences is presented in Table–1.8. Map–1.3 depicts the incidence of IPC cases. The following trends are discernible :-

(iv) Rape

(i) Murder

[Decrease: 1.31%]

[Marginal Increase: 0.11%]

¾ Decrease: 1.02 to 0.94 *

¾ Crime Rate Decrease: 2.80 to 2.60*

677 incidence of Rape reported in 2011 which shows a decrease of 1.31% over the previous year and an increase of 19.40% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest incidence of rape was reported in Viluppuram (86), followed by Chennai City (76). Tiruvarur (1) recorded the lowest no. of cases under this head.

Incidence of Murder (1877) has marginally increased by 0.11% compared to previous year and an increase of 11.65% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Chennai City recorded the highest, i.e., 168, contributing 8.95% of the total followed by Tirunelveli (94) and Viluppuram (87). Perambalur (14) recorded the lowest cases followed by The Nilgiris (17) Tirunelveli City (22) under this head.

(v) Kidnapping and Abduction [Increase: 15.35%]

¾ Increase: 2.57 to 2.75*

(ii) Attempt to Commit Murder [Increase: 12.15%]

A total of 1,984 cases of Kidnapping and Abduction were reported during the year, 15.35% higher than the previous year and an increase of 49.33% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest incidence was reported in Villuppuram (206), followed by Salem (108) and Cuddalore (102). Lowest incidence was reported in RP Chennai (1) followed by The Nilgiris (7), and Tirunelveli City (17 cases).

¾ Crime Rate Increase: 3.94 to 4.11* Incidence of Attempt to Commit Murder (2962) increased by 12.15% compared to last year (2641) and an increase of 35.00% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest incidence (332) was reported from Chennai City, contributing 11.21% of the total cases followed by Viluppuram (325), Thoothukudi (216) and Cuddalore (201). The Nilgiris (15) recorded the lowest cases followed by Perambalur (20), Trichy City (21) and Ariyalur (23).

(vi) Dacoity

[Increase: 18.82%]

¾ Marginal Increase: 0.13 to 0.14* 101 incidence of Dacoity were reported in 2011, 18.82% higher than the previous year and a decrease of 8.60% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest incidence (18 cases) was reported in Madurai followed by Tiruppur (8) and Dharmapuri, Salem, Trichy and Villuppuram (each 6). No case was reported in Ariyalur, Coimbatore City, Karur, Nagapattinam, The Nilgiris, Perambalur, Ramnad, RP Trichy, Tiruvarur and Trichy City.

(iii) Culpable Homicide not Amounting to Murder [Decrease: 12.50%]

¾ Decrease: 0.05 to 0.04 * There were 28 incidents of Culpable Homicide not Amounting to Murder. Highest incidence was reported in Dharmapuri (7) followed by Vellore (5), Tiruvallur (3), Theni and Villuppuram (each 2). Chennai City, Erode, Kanniyakumari, Madurai, 8

9

Percentage

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

2002

6.4

5.4

2003

Ͳ5.0 2004

Ͳ5.7

6.0

2005

Ͳ2.5

5.0

2006

Ͳ8.2

Ͳ3.5

YEAR

2007

Ͳ9.3

16.0

2008

2.4

15.1

2009

Ͳ1.2

1.6

2010

Ͳ1.9

6.3

CHART-1.4 INCIDENCE & RATE OF IPC CRIME PERCENTAGE CHANGE FROM 2002

2011

3.9

5.6

Ͳ3.5

10

Crime Against Body 60%

Economic Crimes 6%

Crime Against Public Safety 5%

Property Crimes 29%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Economic Crimes

Property Crimes

CHART-1.5 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF IPC CRIMES DURING 2011

Crime Crime Against Against Body Public Safety

11

ROBBERY 1%

CHEATING 2%

MOLESTATION 1%

HURT/GRIEVOUS HURT 11%

MOLESTATION 1%

CRUELTY BY HUSBAND AND HIS RELATIVES 1%

CAUSING DEATH BY NEGLIGENCE 8%

KIDNAPPING AND ABDUCTION 1%

CRUELTY BY HUSBAND AND HIS RELATIVES 1%

ROBBERY 1%

ATTEMPT TO COMMIT MURDER 1%

RIOTS 1%

CHEATING 2%

CAUSING DEATH BY NEGLIGENCE 8%

THEFT 8%

BURGLARY 3%

MURDER 1%

OTHER IPC CRIMES 60%

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION (CRIME HEAD WISE) OF IPC CRIMES DURING 2011

CHART-1.6

CHART-1.7 RATE OF IPC CRIMES IN DISTRICT/ CITY WISE DURING – 2011 403.56

THENI

390.53

MADURAI

374.8

SALEM CITY CUDDALORE

354.3

COIMBATORE

347.43 346.74

TIRUVARUR

342.17

TRICHY CITY

316.03

VILUPPURAM

310.92

THOOTHUKUDI

308.6

TIRUNELVELI

283.43

TRICHY

279.04

KANNIYAKUMARI

274.3

ERODE TIRUPPUR

273.91

THANJAVUR

271.69

PERAMBALUR

268.91

.

267.37

KANCHEEPURAM

267.33

NAMAKKAL

262.96

RAMNAD

262.49

State Average Rate: 267.37

262.37

TIRUVALLUR

259.54

ARIYALUR NAGAPATTINAM

257.3

VIRUDHUNAGAR

252.92

DINDIGUL

251.04

TIRUNELVELI CITY

247.3

CHENNAI CITY

244.33

SALEM

242.97

KRISHNAGIRI

239.21

KARUR

239.09 237.81

DHARMAPURI

229.19

SIVAGANGAI

220.73

PUDUKOTTAI MADURAI CITY

196.46

VELLORE

195.31 187.31

COIMBATORE CITY

180.12

NILGIRIS

174.08

TIRUVANNAMALAI RP / TRICHY

0

RP / CHENNAI

0 0

50

100

150

200

250

CRIME RATE 12

300

350

400

450

(vii) Preparation and Assembly for Dacoity

average of 2006-10. Chennai City reported the highest incidence (2866) followed by Tiruppur (827) and Coimbatore (824). Lowest incidence was reported in The Nilgiris (65) followed by Perambalur (78) and Tirunelveli (92 cases).

[Decrease: 8.33%]

¾ No Change: 0.02* 12 cases were reported in 2010, whereas the number of cases has fallen to 11 cases in 2011, a decrease of 8.33% and a decrease of 63.09% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest number of cases under this head was registered in Thanjavur (4) followed by Madurai (3), Kanniyakumar, Namakkal, Salem and Viluppuram (each 1 case) Remaining districts/cities had no cases under this head.

(xi) Riots

[Increase: 12.95%]

¾ Increase: 3.98 to 4.17* Cases of Riots (3,009) recorded an increase of 12.95% over the previous year (2664) and an increase of 24.49% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest incidence was reported from Villupuram (522) followed by Salem (231) and Cuddalore (229). Lowest incidence was reported in Kanniyakumari and RP Trichy (each 4 cases). No case was reported in Thoothukudi and Tirunelveli City.

(viii) Robbery

[Increase: 13.70%]

¾ Increase: 2.71 to 2.86* 2066 cases of Robbery were reported in 2011, 13.70% higher than the previous year an increase of 126.14% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest incidence was reported in Chennai City (219 followed by Madurai (156) and Kanniyakumari (114). Lowest incidence was reported in RP Trichy and Tiruvannamalai (each 3) followed by Ariyalur (9), Tiruvarjur (12) and The Nilgiris (14 cases).

(xii) Criminal Breach of Trust [Increase: 34.46%]

¾ Increase: 0.26 to 0.33* 238 cases have been reported under this head, an increase of 34.46%, compared to previous year (177) and an increase of 10.39% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Maximum number of cases was reported in Pudukottai (28 cases) followed by Tiruppur (24) and Chennai City (22). No case was reported in Ariyalur, Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, Perambalur, RP Trichy, Trichy City and Trichy.

(ix) Burglary

[Increase: 2.82%]

¾ Decrease: 7.04 to 6.72* The incidence of Burglary (4,848) recorded an increase of 2.82% during the year 2011 as compared to 2010 an increase of 22.41% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest number (766) was reported in Chennai City followed by Tiruppur (276) and Thanjavur (233). Lowest incidence was reported in RP Chennai & RP Trichy (each 1) followed by Tirunelveli (36) and Ariyalur(38).

(xiii) Cheating

[Increase: 18.81%]

¾ Increase: 4.86 to 5.37* 3,872 cases of Cheating were reported during 2011, an increase of 18.81% over 2010 (3,259) and an increase of 51.36% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest incidence was reported in Chennai City (767) followed by Tiruppur (245) and Viluppuram (213). RP Chennai (6) recorded the lowest incidence followed by The Nilgiris (13), and Nagapattinam (14). No case was recorded in RP Trichy.

(x) Theft

[Decrease: 4.52%]

¾ Decrease: 21.76 to 19.30* The incidence of Theft recorded (13924) a decrease of 4.52% during the year 2011 over the previous year 2010 (14583) and a decrease of 3.55% over the quinquennial

13

(xiv) Counterfeiting

incidence was reported in Chennai City (20) followed by Cuddalore (16) and Madurai and Theni (12). Lowest incidence of Dowry deaths has been recorded in Ariyalur, Coimbatore, Erode, Kancheepuram, Karur, Namakkal, Perambalur, Ramnad, RP Chennai, Sivagangai, Thanjavur and Virudhunagar (each 1 case).

[Decrease: 11.86%]

¾ Decrease: 0.47 to 0.38* 275 cases of Counterfeiting were registered in 2011, 11.86% less than the previous year (312) and decrease of 1.79% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest number of cases was registered in Chennai City (99) followed by Krishnagiri (24) and Madurai City (20). No case was reported in Ariyalur, Cuddalore, Namakkal, Ramnad, RP Trichy, Sivagangai, Tiruvallur and Tiruvarur.

(xviii) Molestation [Increase: 4.41%]

¾ Decrease: 2.10 to 2.03* 1,467 cases were reported in 2011, showing an increase of 4.41% over the previous year (1405) and an increase of 3.73% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest incidence of 204 cases was reported in Viluppuram followed by Salem (108) and Thanjavur (76). Lowest number of cases was reported in Tiruvallur and Thoothukudi (2) followed by RP Trichy (3) and Kanniyakumari and Tirunelveli City (each 7)

(xv) Arson

[Increase: 11.01%]

¾ Increase: 0.95 to 0.98* Arson (706) increased by 11.01% in 2011 over 2010 (636) and an increase of 20.11% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Cuddalore reported the highest number of cases (65) followed by Tirunelveli (54) and Viluppuram (53). Lowest number of incidence has been reported in The Nilgiris (1) and no case was recorded in Coimbatore, RP Chennai and RP Trichy.

(xix) Sexual Harassment [Decrease: 27.27%]

¾ Decrease: 0.95 to 0.64* 464 cases were reported in 2011, showing a decrease of 27.27% over the incidence in 2010 (638) and a decrease of 39.58% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest incidence of 102 cases was reported in Kanniyakumari followed by Virudhunagar (100) and Trichy City (92). No case was reported in Coimbatore, Cuddalore, Dharmapuri, Dindigul, Perambalur, Ramnad, Salem, Thanjavur, Theni, Thoothukudi, Tirunelveli, Tirunelveli City, Tiruppur, Tiruvannamalai, Tiruvarur, Trichy, Vellore and Villuppuram.

(xvi) Hurt/Grievous Hurt [Decrease: 0.67%]

¾ Decrease: 31.80 to 29.34* 21,167 cases were reported during 2011 as against 21,309 cases reported in the year 2010 showing a marginal decrease of 0.67% and an increase of 16.28% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Salem has reported the highest incidence (1650) followed by Chennai City (1,466) and Viluppuram (1340). Lowest number of cases were reported in RP Trichy (10) followed by RP Chennai (45 cases).

(xx) Cruelty by Husband and his Relatives [Increase: 15.41%]

(xvii) Dowry Deaths

¾ Increase: 2.34 to 2.51*

[Decrease: 7.88%]

¾ Marginal Decrease: 0.25 to 0.21*

1,812 cases were reported during 2011, showing an increase of 15.41% over the last year (1,570) and an increase of 14.65% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest number of (229 cases) was reported in Chennai City followed by Viluppuram

152 cases of Dowry Death were recorded, a decrease of 7.88% over the previous year and a decrease of 20.92% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest 14

RP Chennai (5) followed by RP Trichy (6) and The Nilgiris (57).

(140) and Tirunelveli (120). Lowest number of cases was reported in RP Trichy (1) followed by Tirunelveli City (2) and Perambalur (3).

(xxiii) Other IPC Crimes [Increase: 4.00%]

(xxi) Importation of Girls

¾ Decrease: 165.24 to 159.64*

No Incidence of Importation of Girls case was reported this year also.

Cognizable IPC Crimes not falling under any of the above-mentioned categories have been termed as “Other IPC crimes”. 1,15,163 other IPC crimes accounting for 59.71% of total IPC crimes were registered during 2011 showing an increase of 8.87% over the previous year and an increase of 9.71% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Incidence of IPC Crimes (head wise) along with percentage share is presented in Table- 1.4. Table – 1.3 shows 5-year trend in percentage change (head wise). District/City - wise & head-wise details of IPC Offences & its percentage variations are available in Table – 1.13.

(xxii) Causing Death by Negligence [Increase: 9.78%]

¾ Increase: 21.85 to 22.28* 16,076 cases were reported in 2011 which was 14,644 in 2010 and an increase of 28.04% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest number was reported in Trichy (1857) followed by Chennai City (1431) and Kancheepuram (854). Lowest number of cases was reported in

CHART- 1.8 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF SLL CASES DURING – 2011

OTHER SLL CRIMES 79.00%

NARCO TIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTRO PIC SUBSTANCES ACT 0.27%

GAMBLING ACT 1.64%

ESSENTIAL COMMODITIES ACT 0.04%

ARMS ACT 0.03%

INDIAN PASSPORT ACT 0.04% DO WRY PROHIBITIO N ACT 0.04% INDECENT REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN (P) ACT 0.00%

EXPLOSIVES & EXPLO SIVE SUBSTANCES ACT 0.07%

SC/ST ( PREV. OF ATROCITIES ) ACT 0.19%

PROTECTION OF CIVIL RIGHTS ACT 0.00%

INDIAN RAILWAYS ACT 0.00%

SPECIAL and LOCAL Laws (SLL): Incidence and rate of cognizable SLL crimes during 2011 are presented in Table-1.15. Quinquennial average of

FOREST ACT 0.00%

PROHIBITION ACT 18.11%

IMMORAL TRAFFIC (PREVENTIO N) ACT 0.08%

DOWRY PROHIBITION ACT 0.04%

COPYRIGHT ACT 0.50%

incidence and rate for 2006–10 and also the percentage variation during 2011 over 2010, (Q.A.) and over 2006 have been presented. Map–1.12 depicts incidence of SLL cases. 15

5,26,208 cognizable SLL crimes were registered during 2011, an increase of 2.02% in registration over the previous year (5,17,588). Head-wise distribution of various cognizable crimes under SLL for 6 years from 2006 to 2011 is presented in Table-1.16.percentage

in Chennai City followed by Theni (121) and Coimbatore City (118). Lowest number of cases was reported in Perambalur and RP Trichy (each 1) followed by Ariyalur (2) and Tiruvannamalai (3). (iii). Gambling Act [Decrease: 8.76%]

Head-wise incidence of crime and rate of cognizable SLL crimes in the districts are presented in Table-1.17.

¾ Decrease: 14.09 to 11.95* Cases registered (8,618) under Gambling Act constitute 1.64% of the total SLL crimes. It has decreased by 8.76% over 2010 and by 35.94% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest number (909) was registered in Coimbatore followed by Namakkal (825) and Virudhunagar (671). Lowest number(2 cases) each was registered in RP Chennai and RP Trichy, followed by Ariyalur (16) and Perambalur (19).

Incidence of cases under important SLL has been depicted in Chart–1.8. It is observed that 12 specified crime heads (discussed at i to xii) accounted for 20.9% of the total SLL crimes while the remaining 79.1% of cases have been clubbed under `Other SLL crimes’ discussed at xiii below. Table-1.18 presents Incidence of Cognizable Crimes (SLL) under different crime heads district/city wise during 2011 & percentage variation over 2010.

(iv). Excise Act:

(i). Arms Act

No case under this head was registered during this year. Last year also no case was registered in the State. There were instances of 2 cases in 2005.

¾ Crime Rate Decrease: 0.25 to 0.19*

(v). Prohibition Act

[Decrease: 17.37%]

[Increase: 1.54%]

Registration of cases (138) under the Arms Act has shown a decrease of 17.37% during 2011 compared to 2010. There is a decrease by 7.38% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest incidence (16) was reported from Vellore followed by Tiruvannamalai (12) and Salem and Nagapattinam (each 11). No case was reported in Coimbatore City, Cuddalore, Kanniyakumari, Madurai City, Ramnad, RP Chennai, RP Trichy and Salem City. (ii). Narcotic Drugs Substances Act

and

¾ Decrease: 140.08 to 132.12* 95,311 cases were registered under this head during 2011, constituting 18.11% of the total SLL cases. There is an increase of 1.54% over 2010 and a decrease of 8.18% over quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest number (9,492) was registered in Chennai City followed by Villuppuram (7,927), and Nagapattinam (7,135). Lowest number was registered in RP Chennai and RP Trichy (each 3) followed by Coimbatore City (264) and Tirunelveli City (539).

Psychotropic

[Decrease: 3.41%]

(vi). Explosives & Explosive Substances Act

¾ Crime Rate Decrease: 2.19 to 1.96*

[Decrease: 7.14%]

1,417, amounting to 0.26% of all SLL cases reported in 2011, were registered under NDPS Act. This shows a decrease of 3.41% over 2010 and a decrease of 34.59% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest incidence of 131 cases was reported

¾ Decrease: 0.52 to 0.45* 325 cases registered under this Act in 2011 shows a decrease of 7.14% over 2010 and a decrease of 11.88% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest 16

number (141) was reported in Virudhunagar followed by Madurai (31) and Vellore and Tiruvallur (each 13). No case was registered in Ariyallur, Chennai City, Coimbatore City, Cuddalore, Karur, Nagapattinam and RP Chennai.

195 cases were registered during 2011, showing a decrease of 2.01% over 2010 and a decrease of 12.71% over the quinquennial average for 2006-10. Vellore registered the highest number of cases (45) followed by Vilupuram (27) and Tiruvannamalai (24). No case was reported in 28 districts.

(vii). Immoral Traffic (Prevention Act) [Decrease: 25.93%]

(xi). Copyright Act

¾ Decrease: 0.85 to 0.58*

[Increase: 4.98%]

Incidence (420) under Immoral Traffic (Prevention Act) showed a decrease of 25.93% during 2011 over 2010 and a decrease of 57.15% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Highest number was reported in Chennai City (137) followed by Coimbatore City (50) and Trichy City (48). No case was reported in Ariyallur, Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, Namakkal, The Nilgiris, RP Chennai, RP Trichy, Tiruvannamalai, Tiruvarur and Virudhunagar.

¾ Decrease: 3.75 to 3.65* 2,636 cases were registered under the Copyright Act during 2011 showing an increase of 4.98% over the previous year and an increase of 81.02% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. Chennai City has registered the highest number (675), followed by Tiruppur (237), and Salem City (182). No case was reported in RP Trichy. (xii). SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act [Decrease: 20.70%]

(viii). Indian Railways Act [Decrease: 75.86%]

¾ Decrease: 1.91 to 1.53*

¾ Decrease: 0.04 to 0.01*

1,015 cases were registered under SCs/STs (Prevention of Atrocities) Act showing an increase of 20.70% over 2011 and a marginal increase of 0.06% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. “Crime against Weaker sections of society (SCs/STs)” chapter has dealt with the issue at length.

The incidence of 7 cases under the Indian Railways Act showed a decrease of 75.86% over 2010 and a decrease of 57.83% over the quinquennial average of 20062010. 5 cases were reported in Trichy Railway Police, followed by Chennai Railway Police (2).

(xiii) Others:

(ix). Protection of Civil Rights

[Increase: 1.51%]

[Increase: 300%]

x x x x x x x x

¾ Increase 0.00 to 0.02* 12 cases were registered under Protection of Civil Rights Act showing an increase of 300% over 2010 and a decrease of 38.78% over the quinquennial average of 2006-10. “Crime Against Weaker sections of society (SCs/STs)” chapter can be referred to for detailed information.

Indian Passport Act Registration of Foreigners Act Essential Commodities Act Antiquity & Art Treasure Act Child Marriage Restraint Act Indecent Representation of women Act Forest Act Other SLL

4,16,114 cases of SLL were registered under the category of Acts mentioned as `Others’ above. This is 0.45 % higher than the previous year.

(x). Dowry Prohibition Act [Decrease: 2.01%]

¾ Decrease: 0.30 to 0.27* 17

MAP – 1.1 INCIDENCE OF CASES REGISTERED (IPC+SLL) - 2011 (All over Tamil Nadu 719087)

18

MAP – 1.2 INCIDENCE OF CASES REGISTERED (IPC) - 2011 (All over Tamil Nadu 192879)

19

MAP – 1.3 RATE OF IPC CRIMES DURING - 2011 (All over Tamil Nadu 267.37)

20

MAP – 1.4 INCIDENCE OF IPC CRIMES AGAINST BODY DURING - 2011 (All over Tamil Nadu 44094)

21

MAP – 1.5 RATE OF IPC CRIMES AGAINST BODY DURING – 2011 (All over Tamil Nadu 61.12)

22

MAP – 1.6 INCIDENCE OF IPC CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY DURING – 2011 (All over Tamil Nadu 20950)

23

MAP – 1.7 RATE OF IPC CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY DURING – 2011 (All over Tamil Nadu 29.04)

24

MAP – 1.8 INCIDENCE OF IPC CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER DURING - 2011 (All over Tamil Nadu 3715)

25

MAP – 1.9 RATE OF IPC CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER DURING - 2011 (All over Tamil Nadu 5.15)

26

MAP – 1.10 INCIDENCE OF ECONOMIC CRIMES UNDER IPC DURING - 2011 (All over Tamil Nadu 4385)

27

MAP – 1.11 RATE OF ECONOMIC CRIMES UNDER IPC DURING - 2011 (All over Tamil Nadu 6.08)

28

MAP – 1.12 INCIDENCE OF CASES REGISTERED (SLL) - 2011 (All over Tamil Nadu 526208)

29