Importancia de La Auditoría

 

OL[CUY@AFO@ ID H@ @TIOYCUO@ DA V@HTI DA DH ÀUD@ GCV[OY@H@UO@ [@U@ H@ [UDZDA [UDZDAFOÖA FOÖA ID DZDAYCV @IZDUVCV UDZOVOCA UDZOVOCA VOVYDL@YOF@ VOVYDL@YOF@ 5;0;-5;0?

M@ OLD DA M@OLD DAUOPTD UOPTD FC FCUYDV UYDV [@UU@ A@YG@H_ N@HD@AC N@H D@AC NC NCA]@HD] A]@HD]

TAOZDUVO TAO ZDUVOI@I I@I V@ V@AYO@NC AYO@NC ID F@HO F@H O J@FTHY@I ID V@HTI [UCNU@L@ [UCNU @L@ ID @ @TIOYCUO TIOYCUO@ @ DA V@H V@HTI TI V@AYO@NC ID F@HO 5;5;

 

OL[CUY@AFO@ ID H@ @TIOYCUO@ DA V@HTI DA DH ÀUD@ GCV[OY@H@UO@ [@U@ H@ [UDZDA [UDZDAFOÖA FOÖA ID DZDAYCV @IZDUVCV @IZDUVCV UDZOVOCA UDZOVOCA VOVYDL@YOF@ 5;0;-5;0?

M@ OLD DA M@OLD DAUOPTD UOPTD FC FCUYDV UYDV [@UU@ A@YG@H_ N@HD@AC N@H D@AC NC NCA]@HD] A]@HD]

Yr`e`mc id nr`ic p`r` cpt`r dh tìtuhc id id D Dspdfo`hos spdfo`host` t` da @uiotc ro` da V V`hui. `hui.

Ioronoic pcr I`aodh Vdpýhvdi` Puoatdrc. Icfdatd tutcr.

TAOZDUVO TAO ZDUVOI@I I@I V@ V@AYO@NC AYO@NC ID F@HO F@H O J@FTHY@I ID V@HTI [UCNU@L@ [UCNU @L@ ID @ @TIOYCUO TIOYCUO@ @ DA V@H V@HTI TI V@AYO@NC ID F@HO 5;5; 

 

FCAYDAOIC [àn.

OAYUCITFFOÖA ........................ ................................................... ...................................................... .................................................. .......................0 0. [H@AYD@LODAYC IDH [UCEHDL@ ...................................... ............................................................... ............................ ...5

0.0 Jcrluh`foöa id h` prdnuat` prcehdl`...................... prcehdl`................................................. .......................................... ...............6 5. MTVYOJOF@FOÖA ................................................ ........................................................................... .................................................. .......................9 6. CEMDYOZCV ........................ ................................................... .................................................... .................................................... ............................. .. :

6.0 Cemdtovc ndadr` ndadr`hh ........................................... ..................................................................... ................................................... ............................ ... : 6.5 Cemdtovcs dspdfìjofcs ............................................ ...................................................................... ............................................. ...................: 9. L@UFC UDJDUDAFO@H ................................................. ........................................................................... ..................................... ...........>

9.0 L`rfc tdörofc ........................................... ..................................................................... ................................................... ................................ .......> 9.0.0 Fcafdptc id `uiotcr `uiotcro` o` da s`hui. .............................................. ..................................................................... .......................> 9.0.5 @atdfdidat @atdfdidatds ds id h` `uiotcr `uiotcro` o` da s`hui. ............. ........................................ .............................................. ...................7 9.0.6 Dvdatcs `ivdrscs......................... ................................................. .................................................... ........................................ ............. 00 9.5 L`rfc fcafdptu` fcafdptu`hh ................... ............................................. ..................................................... ................................................ .....................06 9.6 L`rfc ïtofc - hdn`h ...................... ................................................ ..................................................... ............................................ .................09 9.6.0 @FYC DWYU@LDIOFC - Dvdatc `ivdrsc / DZDAYC @IZDUVC - Acfoöa. Idjoaofoöa. Fcafdptc. Udotdr`f Udotdr`foöa oöa murosprui murospruidafo`h dafo`h ........... ..................................... ....................................... .............0> 4.LDYCICHCNÌ@ ................................................. ............................................................................ ................................................ .....................07

4.0 Yopc id dstuioc dstuioc...................... ................................................. ...................................................... ................................................ .....................07 4.5 Yopc id iosdðc iosdðc....................... .................................................. ...................................................... ................................................ .....................07 4.6 Dt`p` id rdvosoöa y `aàhosos id judatds eoeh eoehocnràjof`s ocnràjof`s ........................ ...................................... ..............07 4.9 Frotdrocs id sdhdffoöa...................... ................................................ .................................................... ....................................... .............07 4.9.0 Frotdrocs id oafhusoöa........................ .................................................. .................................................... ................................... .........0? 4.9.5 Frotdrocs id dxfhusoöa ....................... ................................................. .................................................... ................................... .........0? 4.4 Dt`p`s id fcasuht` fcasuht`.......................... ................................................... .................................................... ........................................ .............0? 4.: Fcasoidr`focads Fcasoidr`focads ïtof`s ................... ............................................. .................................................... ....................................... .............0? :. UDVTHY@ICV.................................. ........................................................... .................................................... ........................................ .............55

:.0 Ttohoi`i id h` `uiotcro` da s`hui da dh àrd` gcspot`h`ro` p`r` h` prdvdafoöa id dvdatcs `ivdrscs da dh p`fodatd e`s`ic da h` hotdr`tur` ``ftu`h ftu`h ........................ ............................. .....55 :.5 Udvosoöa eoehocnràjof` sustdat`i` idsid h`s pdrspdftov`s tdörof`s da hc rdjdrdatd `h fcafdptc id h` `uiotcrì `uiotcrì`` da s`hui. ...................................................... ......................................................59 >. IOVFTVOÖA ........................ ................................................... .................................................... .................................................... ...........................64 7. FCAFHTVOCADV .................................................. ............................................................................. ............................................ .................6> ?. UDFCLDAI@FOCADV ................................................... ............................................................................. ................................... ......... 67

 

EOEHOCNU@JÌ@ ....................... .................................................. .................................................... .................................................... ...........................6?

 

OAYUCITFFOÖA

H` `uiotcrì` da s`hui fclprdaid ua prcfdsc dv`hu`tovc rd`hoz`i` pcr prcjdsoca`hds da s`hui, scerd h` e`sd id hcs i`tcs suloaostr`ics pcr h` gostcro` fhìaof` fca joads dspdfìjofcs. Dstcs joads dspdfìjofcs pudida sdr sd r dv`hu`foöa id h` f`hoi`i, diuf`foöa fcatoau`, fcrrdffoöa id drrcrds, v`hu`foöa y cptoloz`foöa id fcstcs, ldiofoöa id p`rtofop`foöa y rdspcas`eohoi`i prcjdsoca`h y joa`hldatd, p`r` joads id pdrot`md lïiofc hdn`h2 pcr hc t`atc, h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui todad su juafoöa dspdfìjof` fclc p`rtd olpcrt`atd da dh sostdl` id s`hui ` tr`vïs id h` rd`hoz`foöa id prcfdiolodatcs tïfaofcs, dv`hu`tovcs y prdvdatovcs, e`s`aic sus `ftovoi`ids da hcs fclpcadatds id dstruftur`, prcfdsc y rdsuht`ic rdsuht`ic,, icaid dh dxpdiodatd fhìaofc c h` gostcro` fhìaof` ds h` podz` juai`ldat`h idatrc id iofgc prcfdsc. @idlàs, qudi` dst`ehdfoi` su rdspcas`eohoi`i rdspcas`eoh oi`i id dl`a`r ldioi`s fcrrdftov`s c ldmcr`s fcatoau`s ioronoi`s ` h` f`hoi`i id `tdafoöa. Dh `uldatc id qudm`s da dh sdftcr s`hui pcr ‘adnhondafo`“ c ‘l`h` pr`xos“ y ctrcs,

g` ndadr`ic h` adfdsoi`i id olphdldat`r da dh p`ìs, dspdfìjof`ldatd da h`s datoi`ids id s`hui, dspdfo`hldatd da h`s id sdnuroi`i scfo`h2 h` `uiotcrì` fuyc cemdtovc ds dv`hu`r h` f`hoi`i id `tdafoöa qud sd eroai` ` hcs p`fodatds y ids`rrchh`r prcnr`l`s y dstr`tdno`s qud `hf`afda dstd joa. Da Fchcleo` lufgc sd g` g`eh`ic scerd h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui2 soa dle`rnc, pcr h` dxpdrodafo` cetdaoi` sd g` pcioic dvoidafo`r qud dxostda `phof`focads p`rfo`hds y fcasdfudatdldatd oafulpholodatc id h` acrl`tov` dst`ehdfoi` p`r` t`h djdftc. Ds pcr dhhc qud, `h rd`hoz`r h` prdsdatd rdvosoöa sostdlàtof`, sd prdtdaid fcacfdr h` olpcrt`afo` id ua` `uiotcrì` s`hui da dh àrd` gcspot`h`ro` p`r` prdvdaor dvdatcs `ivdrscs fclc oajdffocads `scfo`i`s ` h` `tdafoöa, `qudhhcs rdh`foca`ics fca prdsfropfoöa y `iloaostr`foöa id ldiof`ldatcs, forunì` y `adstdso`, prciuftcs s`anuìadcs oasdnurcs y ac ldacs olpcrt`atd `qudhhcs rdh`foca`ics fca iospcsotovcs iospcso tovcs lïiofcs2 y ` ttr`vïs r`vïs id dstc pcidr hcnr`r dh ldmcr`lodatc id h` f`hoi`i da hcs sdrvofocs gcspot`h` gcspot`h`rocs rocs id audstrc p`ìs. Vd g`rà ua` rdvosoöa icfuldat`h qud oafhuorà `rtìfuhcs, dstuiocs idsfroptovcs, rdvosocads sostdlàtof`s id tdsos, hdyds, idfrdtcs y puehof`focads datrd hcs `ðcs 5;;; y 5;0?2 pcstdroc pcstdrocrldatd rldatd sd `a`hoz`rà h`s f`r`ftdrìstof`s y j`ftcrds rdh`foca`ics rdh`fo ca`ics fca h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui da dh àrd` gcspot`h`ro` p`r` h` prdvdafoöa id dvdatcs `ivdrscs. [cr hc t`atc, dh cemdtovc proafop`h id dst` oavdston`foöa sdrà oidatojof`r hcs `spdftcs làs rdhdv`atds id h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui da dh àrd` gcspot`h`ro`, hc fu`h pdrlotorà dst`ehdfdr dstr`tdno`s qud fcahhdvda ` h` oidatojof`foöa id cpcrtuaoi`ids id ldmcr`lodatc fcatoauc idatrc id h`s oastotufocads gcspot`h`ro`s, gcspot`h`ro` s, hc fu`h tr`drà fclc rdsuht`ic h` s`tosj`ffoöa idh usu`roc, h` cpcrtua` `tdafoöa ` hcs p`fodatds y h` rdiuffoöa id pcsoehds dvdatcs `ivdrscs.

0

 

0.

[H@AYD@LODAYC IDH [UCEHDL@

Dh sostdl` id s`hui da Fchcleo` g` soic iur`atd lufgcs `ðcs fudstoca`ic pcr `spdftcs rdh`foca`ics fca dh `ffdsc ` hcs sdrvofocs, dh todlpc id `tdafoöa, h` fcedrtur`, hcs prcfdscs `iloaostr`tovcs, datrd ctrcs2 da h` `ftu`hoi`i, dh gdfgc id qud `hnua`s oastotufocads prdst`icr`s id s`hui ac g`a hcnr`ic fulphor fca h`s adfdsoi`ids id hcs p`fodatds, g` oafrdldat`ic dh aýldrc id tutdh`s da dh p`ìs y` qud p`r` hcs usu`rocs ïst`s sd g`a fcavdrtoic da ua` id h`s `htdra`tov`s p`r` pcidr `ffdidr `h sdrvofoc lïiofc qud rdquodrda. Vd cesdrv` t`leoïa qud dh aýldrc id tutdh`s ac iosloauyd pdsd `h `uldatc da dh aýldrc id `joho`focads `h sostdl` id s`hui. Dst` sotu`foöa qud sd ided ` qud hcs usu`rocs sodatda so datda qud sus adfdsoi`ids da s`hui ac sca fueodrt`s, fueodrt` s, pcr hc qud sd g`fd adfds`roc dst`ehdfdr schufocads p`r` dhhc, ua` rdh`foca`i` fca f`r`ftdroz`r hcs j`ftcrds qud ac dstàa n`r`atoz`aic ua` `tdafoöa da s`hui id f`hoi`i y da sdnuaic hun`r, ua` rdjdroi` fca h` oidatojof`foöa oidatojof `foöa id h`s f`us`s id hcs prcehdl`s qud prdsdat` prds dat` dh sostdl` fchcleo`ac id s`hui `ftu`h, y` qud sd pdrfoed qud dh sostdl` id s`hui fudat` fca sostdl`s iïeohds id oajcrl`foöa idatrc id h`s oastotufocads y g`y ua` `usdafo` id gdrr`lodat`s p`r` h` ldiofoöa id hcs sdrvofocs da s`hui da tïrloacs id f`hoi`i, cpcrtuaoi`i cpcrtuaoi`i y s`tosj`ffoöa id hcs usu`rocs. @gcr` eoda, idatrc idh p`acr`l` p`r` dh sostdl` id s`hui id audstrc p`ìs, t`leoïa sd ided rdfcacfdr qud ïstd g` dvchufoca`ic da hcs ýhtolcs `ðcs da tïrloacs id fcedrtur` y `ffdsoeohoi`i, pdrc ` pds`r id h`s dstr`tdno`s olphdldat`i`s h`s cpoaocads id h` pceh`foöa jrdatd `h tdl` id h` prdst`foöa id sdrvofocs da s`hui sonuda v`ro`aic pcr iovdrs`s r`zcads. Dmdlphc id dhhc, ds h` pdrfdpfoöa da h` v`ro`foöa id hcs sdrvofocs id s`hui ` hcs qud `ffdid ua usu`roc, h` fu`h sd ndadr` ideoic `h topc id `sdnur`lodatc y ` h` datoi`i prdst`icr` id s`hui  ‖ D[V- da h` fu`h sd prdst` dh sdrvofoc. Hc qud dst`rì` fcatr`iofodaic dh proafopoc id h` hdy dst`tut`ro` rdh`foca`ic fca h` dquoi`i, icaid sd ph`atd` qud oaidpdaiodatdldatd idh topc id `sdnur`lodatc y h` datoi`i sd idedrì`a fueror h`s adfdsoi`ids da s`hui id hcs p`fodatds pudstc qud prol` h` s`hui fclc idrdfgc juai`ldat`h. (0) Id onu`h l`adr`, fca h` rdjcrl` id s`hui, `uldatö h` `utcaclì` idh prcjdsoca`h id h` s`hui da rdh`foöa fca h` tcl` id idfosocads `fdrf` id hcs tr`t`lodatcs p`r` sus p`fodatds, pdrc ac sd frd`rca dstr`tdno`s fcgdrdatds p`r` i`r sdnuolodatc ` iofgcs prcfdscs l`aojdst`aic l`aoj dst`aic ` su vdz, dh idsfcacfolodatc g`fo` g`fo ` dh rch idh `uiotcr `uiotcr da s`hui p`r` crodat`r iofgcs prcfdiolodatcs, pcr hc fu`h y `ýa fca h` Hdy dst`tut`ro` da s`hui, sd fcatoaý`a fca hcs oatdrrcn`atds d oas`tosj`ffocads l`aojdst`i`s pcr p`rtd id h` pceh`foöa rdh`foca`i`s fca h` cpdr`tovoi`i idh sostdl`. Hc `atdrocr, fcahhdv` ` ua` rdjhdxoöa da tcrac ` hcs cemdtovcs id h` prdst`foöa id h` s`hui, h`s j`hdafo`s rd`hds idh sostdl` fchcleo`ac id s`hui, dh rch id h`s D[V fca rdspdtc ` h`s adfdsoi`ids id sus usu`rocs, dh topc id oajcrl`foöa qud sd dafudatr` da h`s oastotufocads y sus l`admcs `iloaostr`tovcs y dh rch id hcs prcjdsoca`hds da 5

 

s`hui idatrc id h` prdst`foöa idh sdrvofoc. _ ds ` p`rtor id dst`s rdjhdxocads qud ds adfds`roc rdvos`r `spdftcs fclc hcs ph`ads id ldmcr`lodatc fcatoauc id hcs prcfdscs idatrc id h`s oastotufocads, làs `hhà id hcs dsp`focs id g`eohot`foöa y `frdiot`foöa. [`r` `hf`az`r dsd cemdtovc, cemdtovc, sd prdtdaid qud h` `uiotcrì` ac sd` vost` fclc ua dadlonc, soac fclc ua` gdrr`lodat` v`hocs` ac söhc da tïrloacs id fcrrdffoöa soac id prdvdafoöa, pudstc qud lodatr`s sd hhdvda ` f`ec làs prcfdscs id `uiotcrì` sd iosloauorì` h` prce`eohoi`i id fcldtdr drrcrds, qud ac schc olp`ft`a ua` sdrod id prcfdscs c prcfdiolodatcs `osh`ics, soac qud da rd`hoi`i dstàa oajhuydaic da dh fofhc id voi` id h` pdrsca` qud `ffdid ` ua sdrvofoc da s`hui. [cr t`h lctovc, ds adfds`roc qud sd dst`ehdzf dst`ehdzf`` h` olpcrt`afo` qud todad h` `uiotcro` idatrc id h`s datoi`ids prdst`icr`s id s`hui, vost` fclc ua` gdrr`lodat` qud ac sd holot` ` ua` dv`hu`foöa rìnoi` qud oatdat` eusf`r drrcrds p`r` sdð`h`r oaiovoiucs, soac fclc ua` gdrr`lodat` qud eusf` h` f`hoi`i y h` sdnuroi`i da hcs sdrvofocs id s`hui. Da ctr`s p`h`er`s, dst`ehdfdr h` `uiotcrì` fclc poh`r juai`ldat`h p`r` i`r rdspudst` ` hcs oatdrrcn`atds oatdrrc n`atds qud surnda `ftu`hldatd da dh sdftcr id h` s`hui y qud, `h dst`r e`s`i` da uacs cemdtovcs pdrtoadatds, pcirì` ac sch`ldatd lcstr`r h`s f`us`s id hcs prcehdl`s, soac qud t`leoïa j`fohot`rì` h` dv`hu`foöa fcatoau` id hcs prcfdscs. 0.0 Jcrluh`foöa id h` prdnuat` prcehdl` ³Fuàh ds h` olpcrt`afo` id h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui da dh àleotc gcspot`h`roc p`r` h` prdvdafoöa id dvdatcs `ivdrscs3

6

 

5.

MTVYOJOF@FOÖA

Dh tïrloac `uiotcrì` da iovdrscs fcatdxtcs, sd pdrfoed fclc ua` dv`hu`foöa qud eusf` oidatojof`r drrcrds idatrc id ua fcatdxtc c ua` sdrod id prcfdscs. Dst` pdrfdpfoöa pudid holot`r id `hnua` l`adr`, hcs `hf`afds id h` `uiotcrì` fclc ua` gdrr`lodat`` ýtoh da dh ldmcr`l gdrr`lodat ldmcr`lodatc odatc fcatoauc id h` f`hoi`i id hcs sdrvofocs da s`hui. Vd g`fd adfds`roc idjoaor h` `uiotcrì` idsid ua puatc id vost` oatdnr`h da dh qud sd oafhuy`a hcs tïrloacs id f`hoi`i id hcs sdrvofocs, cpcrtuaoi`i, `ffdsc y gul`aoz`foöa. Id onu`h jcrl`, `h fclprdaidr h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui fclc ua` gdrr`lodat` qud pdrlotd h` oidatojof`foöa id h`s j`hdafo`s da h` prdst`foöa id hcs sdrvofocs sd loton`rì` dh olp`ftc qud ïst` pudid ndadr`r scerd hcs usu`rocs, y` qud `h oidatojof`r ua` j`hh` da hcs prcfdscs sd cetdairì` ua` cpcrtuaoi`i p`r` schvdat`rhc, hc qud fcahhdv`rì` `h ldmcr`lodatc fcatoauc y, pcr daid, ` h` f`hoi`i idh prcfdsc c sdrvofoc. (5)  @gcr` eoda, dh fclprdaidr hc qud rd`hldatd ds h` `uiotcrì`, fclc hc ldafoca` dh idfrdtc 0;00 id 5;;:, t`leoïa pdrlotorì` qud dstd prcfdsc sd oafhuy` da ua rdfursc id dv`hu`foöa ` tcics hcs sdftcrds qud sd dafudatr`a `scfo`ics ` h` prdst`foöa id ua sdrvofoc y ` h` `tdafoöa da s`hui. Hc qud rdsuht`rì` da h` tcl` id idfosocads id f`leoc p`r` dh ldmcr`lodatc fcatoauc y ` qud hcs rdprdsdat`atds idh sostdl` id s`hui `ftu`ràa idatrc id h` tcl` id iofg`s idfosocads. Vd ph`atd` qud ` p`rtor id ua` rdvosoöa tdörof` sd hhdnud `h vdri`idrc fcafdptc id `uiotcrì`, fca dh joa id rdh`foca`rhc fca h` eýsqudi` id h` ldmcr` id hcs prcfdscs id h` `tdafoöa da s`hui y qud, `idlàs, dstc idsdaf`idad ua f`leoc da h` pdrfdpfoöa id hcs oavchufr`ics g`fo` hc qud sonaojof` `uiotcrì` `uiotcrì` da s`hui. (6)  [`r` dh datdaiolodatc id hcs fcafdptcs qud idsfroeda ua dvdatc `ivdrsc ds olpcrt`atd rdfcacfdr qud dstcs cfurrda fca lufg` jrdfudafo`, qud sca idrov`ics ac schc id j`hh`s gul`a`s hcs sostdl`s, dstd rdfcacfolodatc datdaiolodatc ds dh proldr p`scsoac p`r`id h` prdvdafoöa y fcrrdffoöa id hcs loslcs,y t`leoïa ds olpcrt`atd s`edr fuàhds sca h`s f`us`hds qud hhdv`a ` qud dh dquopc id s`hui fcldt` drrcrds, soa dle`rnc y p`r` tdadr da fudat`, h` l`ycrì` id hcs dvdatcs `ivdrscs ac sca prciufoics pcr adnhondafo`, oa`idfu`i` `tdafoöa, diuf`foöa c datrda`lodatc, soac qud làs eoda cfurrda da hcs sdrvofocs id s`hui ideoic `h iosdðc idh sostdl` c j`ftcrds id crn`aoz`foöa, rdfcacfodaic qud dstcs dvdatcs sca luhtoj`ftcro`hds y r`r`ldatd sufdida pcr j`ht` id fuoi`ic c id ua schc oaiovoiuc. Vd idjoad fclc dvdatc `ivdrsc h` sotu`foöa c sufdsc ac idsd`ic olput`ehd ` h` `tdafoöa id s`hui y ac idrov`ic idrov `ic id h` dajdrldi`i c fcaiofoöa id s`hui idh p`fodatd. p`fod atd. Cfurrda ideoic ` qud `hnc qud jud ph`aojof`ic fclc p`rtd id h` `tdafoöa lïiof` 9

 

ac juafocaö fclc dr` idsd`ehd c pcrqud ds` ph`aojof`foöa jud h` dquovcf`i`. Ac ided datdaidrsd fclc drrcr lïiofc hcs fcldtoics pcr hcs lïiofcs, soac h`s sotu`focads `ivdrs`s qud sd prdsdat`a pcr h` prdst`foöa id s`hui. Ycic dh sostdl` ds dh oavchufr`ic da hcs drrcrds lïiofcs, prcjdsoca`hds y pdrsca`h ac prcjdsoca`h id h` s`hui, oajr`dstruftur`, prcfdscs ids`rrchh`ics idatrc id h` oastotufoöa, datrd ctrcs, sotu`foöa qud cfurrd iur`atd dh fuoi`ic fhìaofc y qud rdsuht`a da i`ðc jìsofc c psofchönofc sdfuai`roc ` o`trcndao` y ac `h fursc a`tur`h id h` dajdrldi`i c ` fcaiofocads prcpo`s idh p`fodatd, iojdrdatd id `qudhhcs dvdatcs `ivdrscs qud ac sd pudida prdvdaor hh`l`ic fclphof`focads c rd`ffocads `ivdrs`s. @qudh dvdatc `ivdrsc qud gueodr` soic pcsoehd prdvdaor utohoz`aic ldioi`s r`zca`ehds, ds datcafds pcr idjoaofoöa ua drrcr lïiofc. (9) Gdfgc oadspdr`ic ac rdh`foca`ic fca h` gostcro` a`tur`h id h` dajdrldi`i, fclc fcasdfudafo` idh prcfdsc id `tdafoöa lïiof`. lïiof`. (4 (4)) Hcs dvdatcs `ivdrscs (D@) pudida cfurror ideoic ` h` fcamuafoöa id lýhtophds jdaöldacs, fclc prcfdscs l`h ids`rrchh`ics, tdfachcnì`s l`h `phof`i`s c oatdr`ffocads gul`a`s j`hhoi`s. Dh drrcr ds ua` id h`s f`us`s id dvdatcs `ivdrscs, pdrc i`ðc y drrcr ac sodlprd v`a hon`ics. Da rdsulda, fcacfdr hcs `spdftcs làs rdhdv`atds id hc qud olphof` hh`` `uiotcrì` da s`hui pdrlotorì` ids`rrchh`r dstr`tdno`s daf`loa`i`s ` h` oidatojof`foöa id cpcrtuaoi`ids id ldmcr`lodatc fcatoauc idatrc id h`s oastotufocads. Hc qud tr`drà fclc rdsuht`ic h` s`tosj`ffoöa idh usu`roc, dh `uldatc da dh `ffdsc, h` `tdafoöa cpcrtua`,, h` loaoloz`foöa id h` prdsdafo` id dvdatcs `ivdrscs y dh usc r`foca`h id cpcrtua` hcs rdfurscs idh sostdl` id s`hui g`foïaichc scstdaoehd. Hc qud fcasdatorì` qud tcics hcs proafopocs qud ronda dh sostdl` id sdnuroi`i scfo`h sd`a `phof`ehds y pdrfoeoics pcr h` pceh`f pceh`foöa. oöa.

4

 

6.

CEMDYOZCV

6.0 Cemdtovc ndadr` ndadr`hh Oidatojof`r h` olpcrt`afo` qud todad h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui da dh àrd` gcspot`h`ro` p`r` h` prdvdafoöa prdvdafoöa id dvdatcs `ivdrscs. 6.5 Cemdtovcs dspdfìjofcs    @a`hoz`r @a`hoz` r h` utohoi`i id h` `uiotcro` da s`hui da dh àrd` gcspot`h`ro` p`r` h` prdvdafoöa id dvdatcs `ivdrscs da dh p`fodatd e`s`ic da h` h ` hotdr`tur` `ftu`h. `ftu`h.

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  Ud`hoz`r ua ua`` rdv rdvosoöa osoöa eo eoehocnràjof` ehocnràjof` sustdat`i` idsid h`s pdrspdftov`s pdrspdftov`s tdör tdörof`s of`s da hc rdjdrdatd `h fcafdptc id h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui

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  Oidatojof`r idsid ua` rdvosoöa eoehocnràjof` rdh`foca`icc `h fcafdptc id dvdatcs `ivdrscs. rdh`foca`i

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:

h`s pdrspdftov pdrspdftov`s `s tdörof`s

 

9.

L@UFC UDJDUDAFO@H UDJDUDAFO@H

9.0 L`rfc tdörofc  9.0.0 Fcafdptc id `uiotcro` da s`hui. Vdnýa hc dxprds`ic pcr Jr`afosfc Jr`afo sfc Àhv`rdz ((:) :) h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui ds idjoaoi` fclc ua prcfdsc id dv`hu`foöa fcatoauc, sostdlàtofc sos tdlàtofc y cemdtovc id h` `tdafoöa lïiof` fca e`sd da dh `aàhosos frìtofc y cemdtovc id h` gostcro` fhìaof`. H` joa`hoi`i proafop`h id dstd topc id `uiotcrì` ds lcaotcroz`r, fcatrch`r y ldmcr`r h` f`hoi`i id h` `tdafoöa da s`hui, fcatroeuydaic id l`adr` fcatoau` ` h` diuf`foöa id hcs prcjdsoca`hds id h` s`hui2 ds idfor qud `puat` ` h` `ftu`foöa idh lïiofc fclc t`h. Idatrc id sus cem cemdtovcs dtovcs proafop`hds sd idst`f`a= Dv`hu`r h` f`hoi`i id h`s gostcro`s fhìaof`s, dv`hu`r h` f`hoi`i id h` `tdafoöa id `fudric fca prctcfchcs dst`ehdfoics, hcnr`r ua usc r`foca`h id ldiof`ldatcs, utohoz`r `idfu`i`ldatd h` f`l` gcspot`h`ro`, dv`hu`r dh fulpholodatc id prctcfchcs id l`admc y hcnr`r pdrtoadafo` da oaf`p`foi`ids pcr dajdrldi`i ndadr`h y l`tdraoi`i. (>) Id onu`h jcrl`, H` `uiotcrì` fhìaof` ds idjoaoi` fclc ua prcfdsc id dv`hu`foöa rdtrcspdftovc qud fuerd h` tct`hoi`i id h` prdst`foöa id ua sdrvofoc id s`hui y todad qud vdr fca tcic dh fcamuatc id `ffocads dmdfut`i`s pcr tcic ua dquopc oatdriosfophoa`roc id `tdafoöa da s`hui. Idatrc id sus cemdtovcs sd idst`f`a= Iosdð`r, olph`at`r y ids`rrchh`r sostdl`s id n`r`atì`s id f`hoi`i2 dst`ehdfdr hcs frotdrocs id `frdiot`foöa `frdiot`foö a id gcspot`hds2 gcspot`hds 2 iosdð`r oaiof`icrds y dstàai`rds pcr f`hoi`i2 dv`hu`r h` djofodafo`, h` djof`fo` y h` djdftovoi`i djdftovoi`i id h` `iloaostr`foöa `iloaostr`foöa y h` f`hoi`i id h` `tdafoöa lïiof` y sus olp`ftcs. Dh `utcr idst`f` da su cer` qud ‘h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui todad h`s sonuodatds f`r`ftdrìstof`s= cemdtov`, icfuldat`h, ph`ad`i`, fcajoidafo`h, pdrl`adatd, p`rtofop`tov`, jhdxoehd y ided sdr rd`hoz`i` pcr prcjdsoca`hds id `lphoc fcacfolodatc ‘h ` y dxpdrodafo` y, `mdacs ` h` l`tdro` cemdtc id h` `uiotcrì`“. Uds`ht`, `idlàs, qud ‘h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui ds qud dhh` ided sdr rd`hoz`i` pcr dspdfo`host`s id rdfcacfoic prdstonoc prcjdsoca`h y qud ac g`y`a oatdrvdaoic da dh f`sc cemdtc id `uiotcrì`“,

tdaodaic da fudat` qud dh prcfdsc id `uiotcrì` da s`hui fcahhdv` ua muofoc id crida fodatìjofc y tïfaofc id h` `ftovoi`i lïiof`, dh fu`h ac pudid sdr rd`hoz`ic pcr pdrsca`s oadxpdrt`s. Dh loslc `utcr da su cer` dauldr` ctr`s fh`sds id `uiotcrì`, fclc sca= @uiotcrì` `iloaostr`tov`. ‘Ds dh dx`lda sostdlàtofc id h` crn`aoz`foöa p`r` dv`hu`r su prcfdsc ndrdafo`h, hcnrc id cemdtovcs, prcfdiolodatcs, v`hcrds (`)

fcrpcr`tovcs, oast`h`focads y dquopcs, qud idtdrloa`a dh fulpholodatc id su losoöa“   (e)  @uiotcrì` cpdr`tov`. ‘Y`leoïa sd hh`l` `uiotcrì` ndrdafo`h, id ndstoöa, id

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r`foca`hoi`i dfcaölof`, pcr ldioc id dhh` sd tr`t` id idtdrloa`r so h` fcrrdspcaiodatd datoi`i c oastotufoöa utohoz` öptol`ldatd c fca frotdroc dfcaölofc, hcs rdfurscs prciuftovcs pudstcs ` su iospcsofoöa“, `a`hoz`aic h`s f`us`s y hcs pcsoehds rdldiocs id h`s sotu`focads prdsdat`i`s. (f)

 @uiotcrì` joa`afodr`, joa`afodr`, datdaioi` fclc ‘dh dx`lda cemdtovc, sostdlàtofc id hcs

dst`ics joa`afodrcs eàsofcs, t`hds fclc= E`h`afd ndadr`h, dst`ic id rdsuht`ics, dst`ic id utohoi`ids y dh dst`ic pcr jhumc da djdftovc“.  @uiotcrì` scfo`h. Vu f`lpc id `ftu`foöa hc fcastotuyda tci`s `qudhh`s juafocads y `ftovoi`ids id h` dlprds` qud todada ua `hf`afd scfo`h y, da p`rtofuh`r, dh idacloa`ic e`h`afd scfo`h, dxtdaioïaicsd ` tcics `qudhhcs `spdftcs y `ffocads id h` dlprds` qud rdpdrfutda j`vcr`ehd c idsj`vcr`ehdldatd `h eodadst`r idh pdrsca`h id h` prcpo` dlprds` y id hcs foui`i`acs da ndadr`h. (i)

@uiotcrì` oatdra`. Ds h` djdftu`i` pcr pdrsca`h qud todad rdh`foöa id idpdaidafo` h`ecr`h fca h` dlprds` c datoi`i. Ac cest`atd, dstd pdrsca`h ds oaidpdaiodatd id hcs dhdldatcs cemdtc id su dx`lda.

(d)

@uiotcrì` dxtdra`. Ds h` djdftu`i` pcr prcjdsoca`hds oaidpdaiodatds id h` dlprds` c datoi`i. (j)

9.0.5 @atdfdidatds id h` `uiotcro` da s`hui. H` `uiotcrì` da s`hui sodlprd g` dst`ic hon`i` ` h` f`hoi`i idh fuoi`ic lïiofc y dstc ac ds audvc, y` qud hcs föioncs id h` ldiofoa` qud g`eh`a id lohds id `ðcs `sì hc rdjdrdafo`a. H` proldr` rdjdrdafo` qud dafcatr`lcs ` aovdh luaio`h ds dh föionc rdfcpoh`ic pcr G`llur`eo da 0>4; @. id MF. [cr dstcs g`hh`zncs pcidlcs idfor y g`eh`r g`eh`r id h` ol olpcrt`afo` pcrt`afo` id h` @uiotcrì @uiotcrì`` y qud dst` ddss rdfcacfoi` idsid hcs todlpcs rdlctcs, tdaoïaicsd fcacfolodatcs id su dxostdafo` hdm`a`s ïpcf`s làs id h` fovohoz`foöa suldro`. Dstc dvoidafo` qud, da y` h` da dr`h`s`atonu`, dspdfo`hldatd da h` fuhtur` id Dnoptc y id h` Oaio`, dxostì`a pdrsca`s sch`ldatd idiof`i`s ` h` cesdrv`foöa idh fulpholodatc id h`s acrl`s s`aot`ro`s. Da E`eohcao` (WZOOO `.F.) idsid dst` ïpcf` dxostì` dh Föionc id G`llu G`llur`eo, r`eo, dh fu`h olpcaì` sdvdrcs f`stoncs ` hcs l`hcs rdsuht` rdsuht`ics ics da hcs tr`t`lodatc tr`t`lodatcss da dh p`s`ic, iofgc icful icfuldatc datc `ftu`hld `ftu`hldatd atd sd ddafud afudatr` atr` da ddhh Hcuvrd Hcuvrd id [`rìs. [`rìs. ( 7 ) Ctrc ds dh Mur`ldatc Gopcfràtofc (i`t` id 9:; @. id MF.), qud g`fd p`rtd id h` gostcro` id h` ldiofoa` y pcr hc t`atc id h` `uiotcro` fcafurrdatd, dstd sdð`h` dxphìfot`ldatd da uac id sus pàrr`jcs qud "... ac pr`ftof`rà h` t`hh` vdsof`h quoda ac s`ed g`fdrh`" `huiodaic puatu`hldatd ` ua tdl` id f`hoi`i qud ` pds`r idh tr`asfurror idh todlpc ac ds fcafdptu`hoz`ic da tci` su ioldasoöa. "Dh prcfdsc id 7

 

`uiotcro` ldiof` fclc sd pudid dvoidafo`r y hddr ds hhdv`i` ` f`ec idsid lufgcs sonhcs `tràs, dlpdz`aic fca dh ids`rrchhc id dst`iìstof dst`iìstof`s `s a`foca`hds id a`folodat a`folodatcs cs y ludrtds da dh Hoerc dh Hoerc Icldsi`y id 0;::". (?)  Da dh sonhc so nhc WOW sd i` ua dvdatc id f`hoi`i da h` `tdafoöa lïiof`, ïst` sd dal`rf` da ua` pdaìasuh` da dh L`r Adnrc, iur`atd h` Nudrr` da Frold` da 0749 fu`aic Oanh`tdrr` y Jr`afo` oav`ida iofg` pdaìasuh` scerd h` fcst`2 idspuïs idh ïxotc da dst` e`t`hh`, sd ioc y scerdvoac ua` lcrt`hoi`i `h`rl`atd da hcs gcspot`hds erotàaofcs. Da dadrc id 0744 guec 60:7 ludrtcs= 76 pcr gdroi`s, 5>:0 pcr dajdrldi`ids oajdffocs`s y 6;; pcr ctr`s f`us`s2 pcr dhhc dh p`rh`ldatc Erotàaofc daf`rnö ` h` dajdrldr` Jhcrdafd Aongtoan`hd qud judr` ` hcs gcspot`hds id Vfut`ro fdrf` id Fcast`atoacph`. Dh rdh`tc joa`h id dhh` da h`s cesdrv`focads dafcatr`i` scerd dh Gcspot`h E`rr`fb ds olprdsoca`atd, dst`e` oauai`ic fca `nu`s id `he`ð`h y ac g`eì` prcvosoöa id `nu` pct`ehd, oajoroïaicsd h`s fcaiofocads id dsd fdatrc. Ud`hoz`ic dh io`naöstofc pcr dhh` ` h` vdz prcpusc schufocads ` fcrtc ph`zc. Dh dmdlphc c f`scscerd id Vfut`ro v`hocsc pcrlïiofc ics r`zcads= H` proldr` ds dh rdpcrtd pocadrc f`hoi`idsidh fuoi`ic y schufocads vo`ehds pcrqud y dh sdnuaic pcrqud da Vfut`ro da hcs sdos l ldsds dsds sonuodatds e`mö h` lcrt`hoi`i id 9; 9;% % id schi`ics `ilotoics ` hcs gcspot`hds ` 5%. @uaqud dst`s dvoidafo`s pudi`a p`rdfdr rdlct`s, rdlct` s, ohustr`a `hnuacs id hcs h cs r`sncs eàsofcs id h` `uiotcrì` lïiof`". lïiof`". (0;) H` rdvchufoöa y iojusoöa id h` f`tdir` y dstuioc id h` ldiofoa` ` oaofocs idh sonhc WW fcahhdv` ` rds`ht`r y tdadr luy prdsdatd dh fcafdptc id h` f`hoi`i id h` `tdafoöa, "@er`g`l Jhdxadr da 0?0; da ua rdpcrtd p`r` h` Juai`foöa F`raodnd tdxtu`hldatd iofd qud cesdrvö "gcspot`hds losdr`ehds, tr`lp`s lcrt`hds soa dquopcs sujofodatds p`r` g`fdr ua dx`lda fhìaofc crioa`roc" dstc ioc oaofoc ` qud dh Fchdnoc @ldrof`ac id forum`acs dst`ehdfodr` dstàai`rds lìaolcs p`r` h` prcjdsoöa y qud h` diuf`foöa lïiof` dstuvodr` söhc da f`edz` id h`s Taovdrsoi`ids. Dh oajcrld Jhdxadr, frotofö sdvdr`ldatd dh sostdl` dxostdatd, `rrcmc y fcafhuyö da h` ac-`frdiot`foöa id 9> j`fuht`ids id Ldiofoa`. Da 0?09, Diw`ri @. Ncil`a da Ecstca, DD.TT., fcoafoiodaic fca hcs proldrcs dsjudrzcs crida`ics id dstruftur`foöa gcspot`h`ro`, prcpunaö ua lïtcic scerd h` e`sd idh fu`h sd oatdat`e` dst`ehdfdr hcs rdsuht`ics idh tr`t`lodatc id hcs p`fodatds oatdra`ics, sd qudrì` s`edr "so dh tr`t`lodatc g`eì` soic dxotcsc y da f`sc adn`tovc pcr quï", ` joa id prdvdaor hcs drrcrds da dh juturc. Da 0?07 dh Fchdnoc @ldrof`ac id Forum`acs (@FV - D.T.) idjoad hcs proafopocs id h` dstruftur`foöa crnàaof` gcspot`h`ro`, y hcs frotdrocs lìaolcs id `frdiot`foöa. Da 0?5> Nust`v ^`ri= oavdston` h` Lcrt`hoi`i d Oajdffoöa pcst cpdr`tcro` id f`i` forum`ac y puehof` su dxpdrodafo` id 7 `ðcs da Gcspot`hds p`r` lumdrds id Audv`

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_crb. Da 0?5? Yclàs [catca (@FV - D.T.), puehofö da dh echdtìa idh @ldrof`a Fchhdnd cj Vurndcas= @uiotcro` lïiof` da e`sd ` lïtcics id fcat`eohoi`i joa`afodr`,, qud jud rdfg`z`i` pcrqud h` fciojof`fo joa`afodr` fciojof`foöa öa euda`, rdnuh`r c l`h` ac pciì` `phof`rsd ` p`fodatds ac quorýrnofcs. quorýrnofcs. Da 0?4; h` Taovdrsoi`i id Lofgon`a (TV@) prcfds` "dstuioc pohctc" da 04 Gcspot`hds, hudnc id ics `ðcs id su `phof`foöa pcr dh fudrpc lïiofc. Da 0?44 Zornoh A. Vhdd, iojuaid dh prcfdiolodatc fclc ua rdfursc id h` Diuf`foöa Lïiof` Fcatoau`, p`r` `loacr`r h` lcreohoi`i. Da 0?:6, sd `phof` `uiotcro` lïiof` da 570 Gcspot`hds da 90 Dst`ic id TV@, `lpho`aic act`ehdldatd h` fcedrtur` oaofo`h id hcs 04 dst`ehdfolodatcs id 0?4;. Da Nr`a Erdt`ð` da 0?:> dh rdpcrtd Fcnwgddh scerd lcrt`hoi`i l`tdra` y dh sdrvofoc id fcasdmdrì` gcspot`h`ro` da 0?:? (G@V= Gcspot`h @ivoscry Vdrvofd) judrca id hcs proldrcs dsjudrzcs id olphdldat`r h` `uiotcrì`, soa dle`rnc dh icfuldatc "Yr`e`m`aic p`r` hcs p`fodatds" l`rfö ua gotc da dh ids`rrchhc id h` @uiotcrì` Lïiof`". (00) Dh proldr nr`a oatdatc oanhïs p`r` rd`hoz`r rd`hoz `r `uiot`rì` jud dh hhdv`ic ` f`ec pcr dh Ucy`h Fchh`nd cj Ndadr`h [r`ftotocadrs da 0?>>. Dstcs oidatojof`rca y `a`hoz`rca v`ro`s iojofuht`ids datcrac ` h` f`hoi`i gcspot`h`ro`, y rds`ht`rca h` olpcrt`afo` y dh pctdafo`h id h` `uiotcrì` lïiof`, da dstcs f`scs, p`r` `sì pcidr ldmcr`r hcs oaiof`icrds id f`hoi`i id fu`hquodr dst`ehdfolodatc gcspot`h`roc. Da dh `ðc id 0?7; sd rdtclö iofg` dxpdrodafo`, p`r` sdr `phof`i` ` h`s oastotufocads prdst`icr`s id s`hui lcidra`s. Da hcs p`ìsds id Acrtd`lïrof`, dspdfo`hldatd da F`a`ià, fclc F`a`ià,  fclc pchìtof` pýehof` da dh `ðc 0?76 sd fcldazö ` dxonor h` `phof`eohoi`i d olphdldat`foöa idh sostdl` id h` n`r`atì` id h` f`hoi`i. Ycics dstcs `atdfdidatds fcahhdvc ` qud dh `ðc 0?74 sd frd`r` h` Vcfodi`i Oatdra`foca`h id N`r`atì` id F`hoi`i id h` @tdafoöa Lïiof`. (05) Da 0??;, olphdldat` id Gcspot`hds Gcspoid t`hds da @lïrof`Gcspot`h`ro`, H`toa` y dh F`roed. Da dh `ðcsd0??5, sd frd`h`dh@frdiot`foöa lcidhc id L`au`h @frdiot`foöa pcr h` Jdidr`foöa H`toac`ldrof`a` id Gcspot`hds y h` Crn`aoz`foöa [`a`ldrof`a` id h` V`hui. Da Fchcleo` dh fcatrch y `uiotcro` da s`hui s`h ui surnd fca h` hdy 0; id 0??; qud n`r`atozc n`r`atozc h` rddstruftur`foöa idh Vostdl` id s`hui fchcleo`a`, pcstdrocrldatd fca h` fcastotufoöa pchìtof` idh `ðc id 0??0 sd dhdvö h` s`hui `h r`anc id Vdrvofoc [ýehofc. @iofoca`hldatd @iofoca`hl datd fca h` fcastotufoöa id 0??0, da sus `rtìfuhcs 5;? y 5:?, idtdrloac idtdrloac h` adfdsoi`i y dh idedr id h` `iloaostr`fo `iloaostr`foöa öa pýehof`, id n`r`atoz`r tcics hcs lïtcics y prcfdiolodatcs id fcatrch, h` djofodafo` id iofgc fcatrch sdrà dv`hu`i` pcr h` Fcatr`hcrì` Ndadr`h id h` a`foöa. H` hdy id fcatrch oatdrac id h`s datoi`ids tdrrotcro`hds, hdy 7> id 0??6, olphdldatc 0;

 

h` `phof`foöa id h`s `uiotcrì`s oatdra`s da dh sdftcr pýehofc, da ctr`s p`h`er`s, jud rdtcl`rr h`s pràftof`s y dxpdrodafo`s idh sdftcr prov`ic da rdh`foöa ` h`s `uiotcro` rdtcl` `uiotcro`s, s, dh fcatrch oatdrac y lufg`s gdrr`lodat`s id topc ndrdafo`h, `phof`i`s `h sdftcr pýehofc. Hudnc surnd h` hdy 0;; id 0??6 da su `rtìfuhc 55> y dh Idfrdtc rdnh`ldat`roc 50>9 id 0??:, crn`aoz`a dh Vostdl` id N`r`atì` id h` f`hoi`i y crida` su olph`at`foöa da h`s datoi`ids id s`hui idh p`ìs. [cstdrocrldatd surnoö dh idfrdtc 0;00 idh 5;;: qud dst`ehdfoö dh sostdl` cehon`tcroc id n`r`atì` id f`hoi`i id h` `tdafoöa da s`hui idh sostdl` id sdnuroi`i scfo`h da s`hui. Dstd sostdl` cehon`tcroc id n`r`atì` id f`hoi`i id h` `tdafoöa da s`hui dstà oatdnr`ic oatdnr`ic c fcajcrl fcajcrl`ic `ic pcr fu`trc fclpcadatds fclc sca= 0) Vostdl` ýaofc id g`eohot`foöa, 5) @uiotcro` p`r` dh ldmcr`lodatc id h` f`hoi`i id h` `tdafoöa da s`hui 6) Vostdl` ýaofc id `frdiot`foöa. `frdiot`fo öa. 9) Vostdl` id oajcrl`foöa p`r` h` f`hoi`i. Fclc sd pudid cesdrv`r da hcs `atdfdidatds gostörofcs y rdnh`ldat`rocs id h` `uiotcro` lïiof` y id s`hui, sca lufgcs hcs gdfgcs gostörofcs y hdn`hds qud g`a l`rf`ic y iordffoca`ic iofgc f`lpc, pdrc auaf` gostörof`ldatd, ao hdn`hldatd dxostd dh `atdfdidatd id h` `uiotcro` fcafurrdatd, gdfgc dstd h`ldat`ehd p`r` n`r`atoz`r ua` l`ycr `ffdsoeohoi`i y cpcrtuaoi`i da h` `tdafoöa gcspot`h`ro` id `ht` fclphdmoi`i qud gcy pcr gcy dstà fch`ps`i` y ndadr`aic t`atcs p`sdcs id h` ludrtd. 9.0.6 Dvdatcs `ivdrscs. Vdnýa dh `adxc tïfaofc 5 id h` fh`sojof`foö fh`sojof`foöaa oatdra`foca`h id ssdnur dnuroi`i oi`i idh p`fodatd2 sd idjoad dh dvdatc `ivdrsc fclc tcic oafoidatd olprdvostc d oadspdr`ic qud surnd fclc fcasdfudafo` fcasdfudafo` id h` oatdrvdaf oatdrvdafoöa oöa `sost `sostdafo`h dafo`h c `tdafoöa da s` s`hui, hui, y qud pcstdrocrldatd puiodr` i`r hun`r ` ua` gcspot`hoz`foöa prchcan`i`, `h idtdrocrc da dh dst`ic id cs`hui idlcr` ` oafrdldatcs id hcs ` ua` iosf`p`foi`i g`st``h`h`ludrtd. Acda pcrdhh``ht` dajdrldi`i c p`tchcnì` id fcstcs e`sd (06) Hcs dvdatcs `ivdrscs pudida sdr prdvdaoehds y ac prdvdaoehds= prdvdaoehds= DZDAYC @IZDUVC [UDZDAOEHD= rdsuht`ic ac idsd`ic ac oatdafoca`h qud sd g`erì` dvot`ic ldio`atd dh fulpholodatc id hcs dstàai`rds idh fuoi`ic `sostdafo`h iospcaoehds da ua lcldatc idtdrloa`ic. (06) DZDAYC @IZDUVC AC [UDZDAOEHD= rdsuht`ic ac idsd`ic ac oatdafoca`h qud sd prdsdat` ` pds`r idh fulpholodatc id hcs dstàai`rds idh fuoi`ic `sostdafo`h (06)

00

 

Da dh àl àleotc eotc gcspot`h`roc y h` pràftof` io`ro`, hcs prcjdsoca`hds y tïfaofcs da s`hui puiodr`a dajrdat`rsd ` v`rocs dsfda`rocs qud pdsd ` h` dxpdrtofo` y fcacfolodatcs `iquoroics pudida idsdaf`ida`r h` ndadr`foöa id dvdatcs `ivdrscs2 fclc pcr dmdlphc dmdlp hc `qudhhcs rdh`foca`i rdh`foca`ics cs fca oajdffocad oajdffocadss `scfo`i`s ` h` `tdafoö `tdafoöaa da s` s`hui, hui, hcs rdh`foca`ics fca h` `iloaostr`foöa y prdsfropfoöa id ldiof`ldatcs da hcs qud sd dajrdat`a iojdrdatds p`acr`l`s fclc idsfcacfdr `atdfdidatds tcxofc/`hïrnofcs , drrcr da oidatoj oidatojof`foöa of`foöa idh p`fodatd , icsos oa`idfu`i` c ldiof`ldatc oafcrrdftc , dstd fcastotuyd uac id hcs proafop`hds rdsuht`ics oadspdr`ics da h` `tdafoöa da s`hui. Y`leoïa sd prdsdat`a hcs rdh`foca`ics fca forunì` y `adstdso` , h` CLV da su `ho`az` luaio`h p`r` h` sdnuroi`i idh p`fodatd da su jchhdtc 5;;7 , idsfroed ‘hcs

i`tcs prcfdidatds id p`ìsds ids`rrchh`ics oaiof`a qud hcs dvdatcs `ivdrscs rdnostr`ics da dh quoröj`ac rdprdsdat`a `h ldacs ua 4; % idh tct`h id dvdatcs `ivdrscs rdnostr`ics datrd p`fodatds quorýrnofcs (`ho`az` luaio`h p`r` h` sdnuroi`i idh p`fodatd h` oavdston`foöa da sdnuroi`i idh p`fodatd , l`ycr fcacfolodatc p`r` `tdafoöa làs sdnur` CLV 5;;7). @qudhhcs dvdatcs `ivdrscs rdh`foca`ics fca h` `iloaostr`foöa id oaydffocads soa tdadr da da fudat` h`s prdf`ufocads id `sdpso` y `atosdpso` `idfu`i`, sd idsfroeda f`scs da h` `ftu`hoi`i da `hnuacs p`ìsds sueids`rrchh`ics da hcs qud sd rdutohoz rdutohoz``  mdroan`s y `num`s soa dstdrohoz`foö dstdrohoz`foöaa prdvo` 2 hcs rdh`foca`i rdh`foca`ics cs fca prciuftcs s`anuìadcs oasdnurcs qud pudida tdrloa`r ddaa tr`asloso tr`aslosoöa öa id oajdffocads oajdffo cads vìrof`s fclc ZOG GD[@YOV GD[@YOVOV OV E_ F 2 y da ua` ldacr prcpcrfoöa pdrc qud puiodr` tcl`r judrz` pcr h` dr` y h` rdvchufoöa rdvchufo öa tdfachönof` `ftu`h hcs rdh`foc rdh`foca`ics a`ics fca iospcsotovcs lïiofcs. U, Ucirìnudz ‖gdrrdr` U M Hcs`ric da su `rtìfuhc gostcro` id sdnuroi`i idh p`fodatd gotcs proafop`hds. Idsfroeda y icfuldat`a fclc idsd fovohoz`focads fclc Ldscpct`lo`, oaio` y fgoa` sd pudida oidatojof`r h`s proldr`s acrl`s y hdyds rdh`foca`i`s fca prcfur`r ua` `tdafoöa làs sdnur` id hcs p`fodatds2 tdxtcs fclc dh föionc`h G`llur`eo rdy e`eohcaoc sd(G`llur`eo 070;-0>4; @.F ) sd rdjodrda `ftc lïiofc cer` y susidh fcasdfudafo`s, prcpcad l`adr`s id f`stonc `h fclc h` idsfrot` ‘ hdy id t`hoöa h` hdy 507), da lïiofc qud oafurr` y ndadrd i`ðc, fclc dh tr`asfursc id h` gostcro` dh `ftu`r ldiofc sujrd iovdrscs f`leocs `scfo`ics `h pdas`r id h` ïpcf` , sd idsfroed pdrocics fcl fclc c dh rcl`ac 9:;-6>; @.F y fclc làxol` ‘prolua aca acfdrd “, pdas`icrds oajhuydatds fclc Gopöfr`tds , da su làxol` sd idfrdt` h` olpcrt`afo` id ac ndadr`r auaf` i`ðc `h p`fodatd y qud pcr dh fcatr`roc sd ided prcfur`r sodlprd dh eodadst`r id dstd2 soa dle`rnc ac ds g`st` dh `ðc 0?:9 fu`aic D Dhogu hogu L. Vfgolldh, lïiofc n`strcdatdröhcnc n`strcdatdr öhcnc y f`tdiràtofc id h` dsfudh` id ldiofoa` ldiofoa` id h` uaovdrsoi`i id _`hd. Da su `rtìfuhc totuh`ic ‘hcs pdhonrcs id h` gcspot`hoz`foöa ‘,icaid sd ldafoca`

`eodrt`ldatd hcs i`ðcs pcr `eodrt`ldatd pcr o`trcnda o`trcndao` o` qud sujrì`a hcs p`f p`fodatds odatds oa oatdra`ics tdra`ics da àrd`s id id gcsp gcspot`hoz`foöa ot`hoz`foöa , idsfuer idsfuerdd y fcafhuyd qud dh 5; % id hcs p`f p`fodatds odatds 05

 

oanrds`ics prdsdat`e`a `hnýa topc topc id dvdatc `ivdrsc , ` p`rtor iidd dstd vodada dstuiocs sonaojof`tovcs `fdrf` id hh` ` sdnuroi`i sdnuroi`i iidh dh p`fodatd, p`fodatd, g`st` g`st` h` frd`foöa id h` `ho`az` luaio`h luaio`h p`r` h` sdnuroi`i idh p`f p`fodatd odatd da dh 5;;4 pc pcrr h` CLV , y da dh 5;;> da `lïrof` h`toa` sd rd`hoz` dh dstuioc OED@V (scerd h` prdv`hdafo` id djdftcs `ivdrscs da gcspot`hds id h`toac`ldrof`) icaid sd dvoidafoc ua` t`s` id dvdatcs `ivdrscs icfuldat`i` id 0;.4% da hcs fu`hds dh :; % sd fh`sojof`e` fclc dvot`ehds. (09) Da rdsulda, fcacfdr hcs `spdftcs làs rdhdv`atds rdh dv`atds id hc qud olphof` h` h ` `uiotcrì` da s`hui pdrlotorì` ids`rrchh`r dstr`tdno`s daf`loa`i`s ` h` oidatojof`foöa id cpcrtuaoi`ids id ldmcr`lodatc fcatoauc idatrc id h`s oastotufocads. Hc qud tr`drà fclc rdsuht`ic h` s`tosj`ffoöa idh usu`roc, dh `uldatc da dh `ffdsc, h` `tdafoöa cpcrtua`,, h` loaoloz`foöa id h` prdsdafo` id dvdatcs `ivdrscs y dh usc r`foca` cpcrtua` r `foca`hh iidd hcs rdfurscs idh sostdl` id s`hui g`foïaichc scstdaoehd. Hc qud fcasdatorì` qud tcics hcs proafopocs qud ronda dh sostdl` id sdnuroi`i scfo`h sd`a `phof`ehds y pdrfoeoics pcr h` pceh`f pceh`foöa. oöa.

9.5 L`rfc fcafdptu` fcafdptu`hh  @u i ot c ro`=  @ui ro `= H` `uiotcrì` da s`hui sd idjoad fclc ua` dv`hu`foöa frìtof` y pdroöiof` id h` f`hoi`i id h` `tdafoöa lïiof` qud rdfoeda hcs p`fodatds, ldio`atd h` rdvosoöa y dh dstuioc id h`s gostcro`s fhìaof`s y h`s dst`iìstof`s gcspot`h`ro`s. Vu prcpösotc juai`ldat`h ds prcfur`r qud dh dajdrlc rdfoe` h` ldmcr `tdafoöa lïiof` pcsoehd y su cemdtovc dspdfìjofc ds dhdv`r su f`hoi`i. Dvdatcs `ivd Dvdatcs `ivdrscs rscs = Ds dh rdsuht`ic id ua` `tdafoöa da s`hui qud id l`adr` ac oatdafoca`h prciumc i`ðc. Hcs dvdatcs `ivdrscs pudida sdr prdvdaoehds y ac prdvdaoehds. Uodsnc= Ds h` prce`eohoi`i qud ua oafoidatd c dvdatc `ivdrsc cfurr`.  @tdaf  @t dafoö oö a gc sp ot `h`r `h`ro`= o`= H` `tdafoöa gcspot`h`ro` fclprdaid h`s `ftovoi`ids `sostdafo`hds, io`naöstof`s, io`naöstof`s, tdr`pïutof`s y id rdg`eohot`foöa y fuoi`ics, `idlàs `idlàs id h`s id prclcfoöa id h` s`hui, diuf`foöa s`aot`ro` y prdvdafoöa id h` dajdrldi`i, fuy` a`tur`hdz` `fcasdm` qud sd rd`hofda da dstd aovdh. [`fodatds= Dh p`fodatd ds `qudhh` pdrsca` qud sujrd id ichcr y l`hdst`r y, pcr daid, schofot` `sostdafo` lïiof` y, dstà scldtoi` ` fuoi`ics prcjdsoca`hds p`r` h` ldmcrì` id su s`hui. [rdvdafoöa id dajdrldi`ids= H` prdvdafoöa id dajdrldi`ids, fhìaof` c s`aot`ro`, ds dh fcamuatc fcamuatc id ldioi`s adfds`ro`s p`r` dvot`r dh ids`rrchhc c prcnrdsc id dajdrldi`ids.. @ aovdh dajdrldi`ids aovdh `sostdafo`h `sostdafo`h sd `phof` idsid h` `tdafoöa prol`ro` g`st` h` dspdfo`hoz`i`, danhce`aic dh [rcnr`l` id @ftovoi`ids [rdvdatov`s y id [rclcfoöa 06

 

id h` V`hui ([@[[V) id ldiofoa` id j`loho` c hcs Vdrvofocs id [rdvdafoöa @mdacs id ldiofoa` idh tr`e`mc, tr`e`mc, g`st` h`s pchìtof`s id prclcfoöa id h` s`hui, s`hui, v`fua`foöa, ldiofoa` prdvdatov` y s`hui pýehof`. 9.6 L`rfc ïtofc - hdn`h h dn`h Da Fchcleo` idatrc id h` Hdy 0;; id 0??6 sd dst`ehdfd fclc cemdtovc n`r`atoz`r hcs idrdfgcs orrdauafo`ehds id h`s pdrsca`s y h` fcluaoi`i p`r` cetdadr h` f`hoi`i id voi` `fcrid fca h` ionaoi`i gul`a`, ldio`atd h` prctdffoöa id h`s fcatoandafo`s qud h` `jdftda, n`r`atoz`aic `sì h` fcedrtur` idh idrdfgc ` h` s`hui y sdrvofocs fclphdldat`rocs. Dst` hdy sd dafudatr` e`s`i` da ua lcidhc id fcedrtur` uaovdrs`h, tdaodaic pcr proafopocs h` uaovdrs`hoi`i, djofodafo`, oatdnr`hoi`i, schoi`roi`i, uaoi`i y p`rtofop`foöa h` fu`h sd crodat` ` prclcvdr f`hoi`i y dfcaclì` da ua sostdl` id `iloaostr`foöa `iloaostr `foöa djofodatd, ctcrn`aic `h oaiovoiuc h` f`p`foi`i id cpoa`r d oajhuor scerd dh sostdl` id id s`hui, tdaodaic fudat` h` f`hoi`i y fcstcs, da vdz id sdr dstd ua sumdtc p`sovc rdfdpfoöa id da sdrvofocs. Id onu`h l`adr` dafcatr`lcs h` Hdy >04 id 5;;0, h` fu`h v` ioronoi` ` sdfrdt`ro`s y iordffocads tdrrotcro`hds id s`hui, h`s fu`hds n`r`atoz`a h` prdst`foöa id sdrvofocs id s`hui da h` pceh`foöa vuhadr`ehd, idh rïnolda suesoio`ic suesoio` ic y pcerd ` aaovdh ovdh a`foca`h, hcs fu`hds ac sd dafudatr`a fueodrtcs da dh ph`a id edadjofoc. (09) Ds `sì fclc sd g`fd adfds`roc fcat`r fca ldf`aoslcs qud pdrlot`a rd`hoz`r id l`adr` djofodatd ua` dv`hu`foöa sostdlàtof` y fcatoaý` id h` `tdafoöa da s`hui fca lor`s ac schc `h ldmcr`lodatc id h` f`hoi`i da h` prdst`foöa id sdrvofocs ` su f`rnc, soac ` su fcgdrdafo` y djof`fo`. [`r` h`s crn`aoz`focads `phoquda fca ïxotc dh lcidhc id `uiotcrì` oaofo`r pcr h`qud idjoaofoöa id hcs proafop`hds prcehdl`s id f`hoi`i da h` ideda crn`aoz`foöa (prcfdscs procrot`rocs), qud sd rd`hoz`rà ` p`rtor idh sdnuolodatc ` rodsncs dst`ehdfoic da dh L`au`h Ýaofc id Dstàai`rds y Zdrojof`foöa (Vostdl` Ýaofc id G`eohot`foöa), h` `utcdv`hu`foöa id hcs dstàai`rds id `frdiot`foöa y dh sostdl` id oajcrl`foöa oajcrl `foöa p`r` h` f`hoi`i= oaiof`icrd oaiof`icrdss id f`hoi`i y dvdatcs `ivdrscs tr`z`icrds tr`z`icrds.. Da h` hdy 0055 id 5;;> sd rdnh`ldat` h` `tdafoöa da s`hui fca h` acrl`hoz`foöa idh ph`a a`foca`h id s`hui pýehof`, da dh fu`h sd rdnh`ldat`a h`s ldt`s y rdspcas`eohoi`ids da h` vonoh`afo` id s`hui pýehof` y h`s `ffocads id oaspdffoöa, vonoh`afo` y fcatrch id hcs j`ftcrds id rodsnc p`r` h` s`hui gul`a`. Dal`rf`ic da h` `tdafoöa da s`hui pcr idtdrloa`atds, j`ftcrds id rodsnc, prclcfoöa id h` s`hui y prdvdafoöa id h` dajdrldi`i. (04)

09

 

[cstdrocrldatd ds ndadr`i` h` hdy 0967 id 5;00 icaid dxpcada da dh `rtìfuhc 6 hcs proafopocs juai`ldat`hds id hcs sdrvofocs id s`hui id uaovdrs`hoi`i, schoi`roi`i, onu`hi`i, cehon`tcrodi`i, dquoi`i, prdv`hdafo` id idrdfgcs, f`hoi`i, fcatoauoi`i y prdvdafoöa. Idjoada da dh `rtìfuhc 4 dh iosdðc id oaiof`icrds icaid sd loida hcs hcnrcs da s`hui, idtdrloa`aic `sì h` ldtcichcnì` p`r` su `phof`foöa, `sì fclc h` iostroeufoöa id rdfurscs id fcajcrloi`i fca dstcs. Id onu`h l`adr` dspdfojof`a da dh `rtìfuhc 00, h` fcatr`t`foöa id h`s `ffocads id s`hui pýehof`, prclcfoöa y prdvdafoöa icaid sd daj`toz` qud h`s datoi`ids prclctcr`s id s`hui n`r`atoz`r`a h` prdst`foöa id h`s oatdrvdafocads id prclcfoöa id h` s`hui, idtdffoöa tdlpr`a`, prclcfoöa dspdfìjof`, vonoh`afo` dpoidlochönof` y `tdafoöa id dajdrldi`ids id oatdrïs da s`hui pýehof`. (0:) Hudnc `p`rdfd h` hdy dst`tut`ro` da s`hui 0>40 id 5;04 icaid fchcf` `h dst`ic fclc rdspcas`ehd id rdspdt`r, prctdndr y n`r`atoz`r dh idrdfgc ` h` s`hui id l`adr` cpcrtua`, djof`z y fca f`hoi`i, p`r` h` prdsdrv`foöa y ldmcr`lodatc. Da su `rtìfuhc ? sd g`fd rdjdrdaf rdjdrdafo` o` ` hcs idtdrloa`atd idtdrloa`atdss da s`hui, hcs fu`hds ideda id sdr rdiufoics puds oafoida da dh ncfd djdftovc id h` s`hui y dhdv`foöa id h` ff`hoi`i `hoi`i id voi` id h`s pdrsca`s. (0)  (0)  Vdnýa h` Nuì` tïfaof` id euda`s pràftof`s p`r` h` sdnuroi`i idh p`fodatd da h` `tdafoöa da s`hui sd dafudatr` hcs prcfdscs `sostdafo`hds sdnurcs, dh fu`h ds h` daf`rn` id idtdft`r, prdvdaor y rdiufor dh rodsnc id oajdffocads `scfo`i`s fca h` `tdafoöa da s`hui. (0>)  Hcs dstuiocs id prdv`hdafo` id dvdatcs `ivdrscs da H`toac`lïrof` sdð`h`a ` h` oajdffoöa oajdffo öa oatr`gcspot`h`ro` fclc dh dvdatc `ivdrsc làs jrdfudatd jrdf udatd y jud dh proldr rdtc idfh`r`ic pcr h` `ho`az` luaio`h p`r` h` sdnuroi`i idh p`fodatd. [cr hc fu`h ideda fcasoidr`rsd hcs prcfdscs `sostdafo`hds p`r` `sdnur`r= 

           

H` prdvdafoöa id oajdffoc oajdffocads ads idh sotoc cpdr`tcroc (OVC). [rdvdafoöa id daicld daicldtrotos. trotos. [rdvdafoöa id adulca adulcaì`s ì`s acscfcl acscfclo`hds o`hds y `scfo`i`s ` vdatoh`foöa vdatoh`foöa ldfàaof`. [rdvdafoöa id oajdffocads tr`aslot tr`aslotoi`s oi`s pcr tr`asjusoöa s` s`anuìad` anuìad` (OYY) [rdvdafoöa id jhdeotos oajdffocs`, ldfàaof` c quìlof`. [rdvdafoöa id oajdff oajdffocads ocads id idhh tcrrd tcrrdatd atd s`an s`anuìadc uìadc (E` (E`ftdrodl ftdrodlo`s) o`s) `scfo`i`s `h usc id iospcsotovcs oatr`v`sfuh`r oatr`v`sfuh`rds ds (f`tïtdrds pdrojïrofcs y fdatr`hds)   [rdvdafoöa id oajdffocads id vì`s uroa`ro`s `scfo`i`s ` iospcsotovcs oav`sovcs (Vcai`s vdsof`hds).

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@idlàs, sd ideda id ids`rrchh`r `ffocads daf`l daf`loa`i`s oa`i`s `=

04

 

  Ids`rrchh`r Ids`rrchh `r `igdrdafo` `h usc id `hfcgch da h` gonodad id l`acs.   Hcnr`r `igdrdafo` idh pdrsca`h ``hh prctcfchc idh h`v`ic id l`acs.   Dst`ai`roz`r prcfdscs prcfdscs y vdrojof`r l ldio`atd dio`atd hhost`s ost`s id fgdqudc ldioi`s ldioi`s id prdvdafoöa v`hoi`i p`r` h` prdvdafoöa id oajdffocads `scfo`i`s ` h` `tdafoöa da s`hui.   Oavchufr`r Oavchufr `r ` hcs p`fodatds y sus j`loho` j`loho`ss da h` prdvdafoöa id h`s oajdffocads `scfo`i`s ` h` h ` `tdafoöa da s`hui.   Oavchufr`r Oavchufr `r ` tcic ddhh pdrsca`h id s`hui da h` olphdldat`foöa id h`s ldioi`s prd, oatr` y pcstqu pcstquorýrnof`s orýrnof`s p`r` h` prdvdafoöa id oajdffoöa idh sotoc cpdr`t cpdr`tcroc croc (OVC), (rd`hoz`foöa (rd`hoz` foöa id h`v`ic id l`acs, olphdldat`foöa id prcjoh`xos prcjoh`xos `atoeoötof `atoeoötof`, `, `sdpso` y `atosdpso` id h` podh, l`admc id gdroi`s datrd ctrcs).   Ud`hoz`r `osh`lodat `osh`lodatcc id p`fodatds qud hc rdquodr`a rdquodr`a..   Ndstoca`r h` iospcsofoöa id idsdfgcs gcspot` gcspot`h`rocs. h`rocs.   Cptoloz`r h`v`ic y idsoajdffoöa idsoajdffoöa id àrd`s.   [rclcvdr h` prdvdafoöa id oajdffoca oajdffocads ds ` tr`vïs idh ldioc `leodatd (`ord, `nu`, forfuh`foöa id pdrsca`s da dh àleotc quorýrnofc).

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Id onu`h l`adr` sd ideda id olpuhs`r hcs 4 lcldatcs prclcvoics pcr h` CLV/C[I. (07)   H`v`ic id l`acs `atds id datr`r da fcat`ftc fca dh p`fodatd.   H`v`ic id l`acs `atds id rd`hoz`r ua prc prcfdiol fdiolodatc odatc hol holpoc poc `sïpt `sïptofc. ofc.   H`v`ic id l`acs oaldio`t`ldatd idspuïs id ua rodsnc id dxpcsofo dxpcsofoöa öa ` hìquoics fcrpcr`hds y tr`s quot`rsd hcs nu`atds.   H`v`ic id l`acs idspuïs id tcf`r ` ua p`fodatd y h` zca` qud hc rc rcid`, id`, fu`aic idm` h` f`edfdr` idh p`fodatd.   H`v`ic id l`acs `atds id tcf`r fu`hquodr cemdtc c l ludehd udehd idh datcrac oaldio`tc idh p`fodatd, fu`aic hc idmd, oafhusc `uaqud ac g`y` tcf`ic `h p`fodatd.

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Vdatdafo` t-;4?/5; t-;4?/5;07. 07. IDUDFGC IDUDFG C @ H @ V@HTI-Zuhadr`foöa pcr olph`atd id hdatd id fchcr iojdrdatd `h fchcr a`tur`h idh oros JTAI@LDAY@HOI@I IDH IDUDFGC @ H@ V@HTI-[roafopocs rdftcrds fclc cpcrtuaoi`i, djofodafo`, f`hoi`i, oatdnr`hoi`i, fcatoauoi`i. IDUDFGC @ H@ V@HTI-Idrdfgc ` rdfoeor hcs tr`t`lodatc tr`t`lodatcss fca olphof`focads dstïtof`s, qud ac eusf`a dh dledhhdfolodatc soac h` rdfupdr`foöa idh dst`ic jìsofc

prdvoc ` `ffoidatd, dajdrldi`i c tr`ul` 0:

 

9.6.0 @FYC DWYU@LDIOFC - Dvdatc `ivdrsc / DZDAYC @IZDUVC - Acfoöa. Idjoaofoöa. Fcafdptc. Udotdr`foöa murospruidafo`h Dh dvdatc `ivdrsc sd g` datdaioic fclc `qudh i`ðc olput`ehd ` h` `iloaostr`foöa pcr h` `tdafoöa da s`hui y/u gcspot`h`ro`, qud ac todad su nïadsos u cronda da h` p`tchcnì` id e`sd idh p`fodatd, y qud pudid idsdaf`ida`r h` rdspcas`eohoi`i id hcs prdst`icrds idh sdrvofoc id s`hui  ‖datdaioics da sdatoic ndaïrofc ‖, idsid iovdrs`s dsjdr`s u öreot`s hdn`hds (…) hcs dvdatcs `ivdrscs, fclc oafulpholodatc

id h` cehon`foöa id sdnuroi`i y vonoh`afo`, sd hcf`hoz`a da dh f`lpc id hcs `ftcs dxtr` lïiofcs tci` vdz qud ds da dstd àleotc da qud sd pudida l`tdro`hoz`r hcs pcsoehds rodsncs c forfuast`afo`s qud sd`a fcajonur`tov`s id dvdatcs id rdspcas`eohoi`i id h` `iloaostr`foöa s`aot`ro` qud ac sd rdh`foca`a fca h` p`tchcnì` id e`sd2 da fcasdfudafo`, dh idedr qud sd idsprdaid id ds` rdh`foöa murìiof` fcasostd da dvot`r c loton`r tcic pcsoehd i`ðc qud pudi` sdr orrcn`ic `h p`fodatd iur`atd dh pdrìcic da qud sd dafudatrd scldtoic `h fuoi`ic idh fdatrc gcspot`h`roc. @sì h`s fcs`s, t`atc h` icftroa` fclc h` murospruidafo` g`a idshoai`ic h` rdspcas`eohoi`i idrov`i` id h` j`hh` (fuhp`) idh sdrvofoc lïiofc (drrcrds lïiofcs c p`r`lïiofcs), id `qudhh` sd rdh`foca` idsfcacfolodatc idh idedr id prctdffoöa y fuoi`ic id hcsqud p`fodatds iur`atd iur`atdfca su pdrl`ad pdhdrl`adafo` afo` da dh dst`ehdfolodatc s`aot`roc, prdfos`ldatd pcr tdadr ua juai`ldatc c frotdroc cehon`foca`h iosìloh2 dh proldrc supcad dh idsfcacfolodatc ` hcs p`ràldtrcs id h` hdx `rtos y rdnh`ldatcs fodatìjofcs, lodatr`s qud dh sdnuaic dstà `scfo`ic `h oafulpholodatc id ua idedr  murìiofc id n`r`at n`r`atoz`r oz`r h` sdnuroi`i idh p`fodatd. @gcr` eoda, ac supcad hc `atdrocr qud h` rdspcas`eohoi`i id h` `iloaostr`foöa `iloaostr`fo öa s`aot`ro` sd tcrad cemdtov` da dh sdnuaic supudstc, fclc quodr` h` murospruidafo` id dst` V`h` g` soic dajàtof` da prdfos`r qud h` ldiofoa` ac pudid sdr fcasoidr`i` ua` `ftovoi`i rodsncs`, s`hvc `qudhhcs dvdatcs da hcs qud sd dlphdda `p`r`tcs, oastruldatcs c dhdldatcs qud fcahhdvda ua rodsnc p`r` hcs p`fodatds, ýaofc dsfda`roc da qud sdrà vo`ehd `phof`r dh tìtuhc id olput`foöa ‖cemdtovc ‖ id rodsnc frd`ic c rodsnc àrd`. (0?)

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4.

LDYCICHCNÌ@

4.0 Yopc id dstuioc Dh prdsdatd dstuioc ds ua` rdvosoöa sostdlàtof` fu`hot`tov` h` fu`h fcasostd da h` dhdffoöa id ua tdl` y ` p`rtor id dstd sd `a`hoz` y rdi`ft` ua` prdsdat`foöa frìtof` id h` eoehocnr`jì` qud dxostd `h rdspdftc. (5;)  (5;) H` rdvosoöa sostdlàtof` sd idjoad fclc ua icfuldatc rdsuht`ic id ua` oavdston`foöa icfuldat`h tdrloa`i` icaid sd `a`hoz`a, soatdtoz` d oatdnr`a hcs rdsuht`ics id oavdston`focads puehof`i`s c rdpcrt`i`s, scerd ua` tdlàtof` dspdfìjof` da fu`hquodr f`lpc sd` fodatìjofc, tdfachönofc, gul`aìstofc c id iojdrdatds jdaöldacs id crida gostörofcs, psofchönofcs, scfochönofcs, scfochönofcs, datrd ctrcs ffca ca h` joa`hoi`i id i`r fudat` id hcs `v`afds y h`s tdaidafo`s id ids`rrchhc da iofg`s àrd`s. Y`leoïa pcidlcs idfor qud h` rdvosoöa sostdlàtof` sd f`r`ftdroz` pcr prdsdat`r ua` fuoi`ics` rdvosoöa eoehocnràjof` id puehof`focads fodatìjof`s, `rtìfuhcs tïfaofcs, tdsos y `rtìfuhcs id rdvosoöa, hdyds tutdh`s, sdatdafo`s y utohoz` tïfaof`s luy prdfos`s id h` icfuldat`foöa icfuld at`foöa dxostdatd, qud iordft` c oaiordft`, `pcrtd h` oajcrl`foöa. (50) 4.5 Yopc id iosdðc H` rdvosoöa eoehocnràjof` ds id topc idsfroptovc, hc fu`h acs pdrlotd rd`hoz`r ua` oavdston`foöa oavdsto n`foöa idt`hh`i` y crida`i` ndadr`aic ua` hìad` id oajcrl`foöa id prcfdscs prcfds cs qud sd`a olpcrt`atds idsid dh fclodazc id h` ddh`ecr`foö h`ecr`foöa a id h` rdvosoöa sostdlàtof`, sd dst`ehdfd ua` prcydffoöa idh tr`e`mc qud v` ìatol`ldatd hon`i` ` h` dxphcr`foöa, rdvosoöa eoehocnràjof` y hotdr`ro` qud sd fcasonud pcr ldioc id eýsqudi`s da iojdrdatds e`sds id i`tcs ` aovdh a`foca`h d oatdra`foca`h fclc Vfodafdiordft, [ueldi, Vfodhc, Ldihoad y Nccnhd `f`iïlofc datrd ctrcs, qud acs eroaiö e`sds söhoi`s da fu`atc ` juai`ldat`foöa sostïlof` sostï lof` y poh`rds id h` sdnuroi`i ` aovdh oatdra`foca`h, nr`fo`s ` dstc sd puic prdsdat`r dh fcatdaoic id jcrl` tàfot` y fh`r`. (50)  4.6 Dt`p` id rdvosoöa y `aàhosos id judatds eoehocn eoehocnràjof`s ràjof`s  @ tr`vïs id ua` rdvosoöa icfuldat`h qud oafhuyd `rtìfuhcs, dstuiocs idsfroptovcs, rdvosocads sostdlàtof`s y puehof`focads datrd hcs `ðcs 5;;; y 5;0? sd `a`hoz` h`s f`r`ftdrìstof`s f`r`ftdrìst of`s y j`ftcrds rdh`foca`ics fca `uiotcrì` da s`hui da dh àrd` gcspot`h`r gcspot`h`ro` o` p`r` h` prdvdafoöa prdvdafoöa id dvdatcs `ivdrscs. 4.9 Frotdrocs id sdhdffoöa Idatrc id hcs frotdrocs id eýsqudi` sd rds`ht` h` olpcrt`afo` id icfuldat`r=

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  Dh rch idh `ui `uiotcr otcr y su p`pdh da dh dmdrfofoc id h` sdnuroi`i idh p`fodatd da dh 07

 

àrd` gcspot` gcspot`h`ro`. h`ro`.   Gdrr`lodat`s qud j` j`fohotda fohotda y `nohofda ddhh prcfdsc id h` `u `uiotcro` iotcro` da s`hui fca hcs cemdtovcs prcpudst prcpudstcs. cs.   F`r`ftdroz`foöa F`r`ftdro z`foöa ndadr`h idh dmdrfofoc iid d h` `uiotcro `uiotcro` ` da s`hui   Oidatojof`foöa id l lcidhcs cidhcs qud rdjudrfda dh prcfd prcfdsc sc id h` `uiotc `uiotcro` ro` da s` s`hui hui da h` pràftof` io`ro`.

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H` eýsqudi` sd rd`hoz` ` tr`vïs id e`sds id i`tcs ooastotuf astotufoca`hds oca`hds y hcs eusf`icrds Vfodafdiordft, [ueldi, Vfodhc, Ldihoad y Nccnhd `f`iïlofc datrd ctrcs. 4.9.0 Frotdrocs id oafhusoöa Icfuldatcs da oanhïs y dsp`ðch fclc rdvost`s, `rtìfuhcs, hdyds vondatds, sotocs wde rdh`foca`ics fca dh tdl`. 4.9.5 Frotdrocs id dxfhusoöa Vd dxfhuyda hcs `rtìfuhcs qud ac fcatdaì` f catdaì`aa hcs `spdftcs rdh`foca`ics da hcs frotdrocs id eýsqudi` 4.4 Dt`p`s id fcasuht` [`r` h`s dt`p`s id fcasuht` sd fcldaz`rà eusf`aic y rdfcpoh`aic h`s judatds id oajcrl`foöa fclc sca eoehocnr`jì`s rdjdrdafo`i`s, lcacnr`jì`s idh tdl`, `au`rocs, `rtìfuhcs id rdvost`s, tr`e`mcs dspdfo`hds2 icfuldatcs cjofo`hds c prov`ics y/c oavdston`focads `phof`i`s.2 ` dst` proldr` p`rtd h` f`tdncroz`lcs fclc dt`p` gdurìstof`. (50) Da h` ctr` dt`p` id h` fcasuht` qud idacloa`lcs dt`p` gdrldaïutof`, sd hdd, oatdrprdt`, `a`hoz` y f`hojof` tdaodaic da fudat` su aovdh id olpcrt`afo` idatrc idh tr`e`mc id oavdston`foöa. (50) 4.: Fcasoidr`focads ïtof`s  H` `uiotcrì` oatdra` ds ua` `ftovoi`i oaidpdaiodatd y cemdtov` id `sdnur`lodatc y fcasuht`, h` fu`h sd rd`hoz` r d`hoz` fca dh joa id `nrdn`r v`hcr y ldmcr`r h`s cpdr`focads id ua` crn`aoz`foöa. [drlotd ` h`s datoi`ids ` fulphor hcs cemdtovcs `pcrt`aic `sì ua dajcqud sostdlàtofc y iosfophoa`ic p`r` dv`hu`r, `must`r y cptoloz`r h` djof`fo` id hcs prcfdscs id ndstoöa id rodsncs y fcatrch. (55) Dh föionc id ïtof` icaid rdnuh` h`s juafocads idh `uiotcr ided id oafhuor=   Juafocads Juafocad s proafop`hds p`r` ids`rrchh`r da h` prcjdsoöa y pràftof` id h` `uiotcrì` oatdra`.

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  Idsfroeor Idsfro eor h`s acrl`s acrl`s id fclpcrt`lo fclpcrt`lodatc datc qud sd dspdr` sd`a cesdrv`i`s pcr hcs 0?

 

`uiotcrds oatdracs, hcs fu`hds ideda id n`r`atoz`r h` oaidpdaidafo` id h` `uiotcrì` oatdra` y dh fulpholodatc idh föionc id ïtof` da ddhh ids`rrchhc id sus juafocads. Dst` rdnh` j`fohot` h` oatdrprdt`foöa id proafopocs da h`s `phof`focads pràftof`s, sodaic ïtofcs fca hcs g`hh`zncs dafcatr`ics, y` qud h` j`ht` id fuhtur` ïtof` sd g` fcavdrtoic da dh proafop`h rodsnc p`r` h`s crn`aoz`focads idatrc id su datcrac. Vd dspdr` qud hcs `uiotcrds oatdracs `phoquda y fulph`a hcs sonuodatds proafopocs id `fudric fca dh l`rfc oatdra`foca`h p`r` h` pràftof` prcjdsoca`h id h` `uiotcrì` oatdra` -Oastotutc id @uiotcrds Oatdracs ‖ OO@. Oatdnroi`i. (55) Dst`ehdfd fcajo`az` y prcvdd h`s e`sds p`r` fcajo`r da su muofoc. [cr dhhc=

  Hcs `uiotcrds oatdracs ideda idsdlpdð`r su tr`e`mc fca gcadstoi`i, iohondafo` y rdspcas`e rdspcas`eohoi`i. ohoi`i.   Udspdt`r`a h`s hdyds y ideda id fcl fcluaof`r uaof`r hc qqud ud fcrrdspcai` fcrrdspcai` iid d `fudric fca h` hdy.

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  Ac p`rtofop`r`a p`rtofop` r`a oatdra` da `ftovoi`ids ohdn`hds c da `ftcs qud v`y`a da idtrold idtroldatc atc idh rch id `uiotcrì` c id h` datoi`i.   Udspdt`r y fcatroeuor fcatroeuor fca hcs cemdtovcs cemdtovcs hdn hdnìtolcs ìtolcs y ïtofcs id h` datoi`i.

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Cemdtovoi`i. (55)  Hcs `uiotcrds oatdracs rd`hoz`a ua` dv`hu`foöa dquohoer`i` id tci`s h`s forfuast`afo`s rdhdv`atds y jcrl`a muofocs soa idm`rsd oajhuor oaideoi`ldatd pcr sus prcpocs oatdrdsds, sodaic cemdtovcs y prcjdsoca`hds `h rduaor, dv`hu`r y fcluaof`r oajcrl`foöa oajcrl`foöa scerd dh prcfdsc dv`hu`ic. Ds pcr dsc qud hcs `uiotcrds= `uiotcrds=

  Ac p`rtofop`r`a da aoanua` `ftovoi` `ftovoi`ii c rdh`foöa qud pudi` pdrmuiof`r su dv`hu`foöa olp`rfo`h.   Ac `fdpt`r`a a`i` a`i` qud pudi` `jdft`r su muofoc prcjdsoca`h.   Iovuhn`ràa tcics tcics hcs ggdfgcs dfgcs l l`tdro`hds `tdro`hds qu qudd sd`a dafcatr`i dafcatr`ics cs da ddhh oajcrl oajcrld d id `ftovoi`ids scldtoi`s ` rdvosoöa. Fcajoidafo`hoi`i. (55) Hcs `uiotcrds oatdracs ideda rdspdt`r dh v`hcr v `hcr y h` prcpodi`i id h` oajcrl`foöa qud rdfoeda, ac utohoz`r`a h` oajcrl`foöa p`r` hufrc pdrsca`h y ac ideda iovuhn`r h` oajcrl`foöa soa h` ideoi` `utcroz`foöa, ` ldacs qud dxost` ua` cehon`foöa hdn`h c prcjdsoca`h prcjdsoca`h p`r` g`fdrhc.

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Fcajhoftcs id oatdrïs. (55) Hcs `uiotcrds ideda id fcluaof`r id l`adr` cpcrtua` ` sus supdrocrds scerd fu`hquodr sotu`foöa qud hhdnud ndadr`r fcajhoftc id ooatdrdsds, atdrdsds, c fu`hquodr sotu`foöa qud pudi` hhdn`r ` oafurror da `ftcs qud `jdftda rd`h c pctdafo`hldatd pctdafo` hldatd dh fulphol fulpholodatc odatc id hcs proafopocs juai`l juai`ldat`hds. dat`hds.   Fclpdtdafo`. (55) Hcs `uiotcrds `uiotcrds ideda id `phof`r dh fcacfolodatc, fcacfoloda tc, `ptotuids y 5;

 

dxpdrodafo` adfds`rocs p`r` idsdlpdð`r hcs sdrvofocs id `uiotcrì` oatdra`, ldmcr`aic ldmcr` aic fcatoau`ldatd sus g`eohoi`ids, djdftovoi`i y f`hoi`i id sus sdrvofocs. [roafopocs eocïtofcs u aovdrs`hd aovdrs`hds. s. Hcs trds proafopocs ïtofcs juai`lda juai`ldat`hds t`hds p`r` us`r sumdtcs gul`acs da h` oavdston`foöa sca=

  Udspdtc ` h`s pdrsca`s= prctdnodaic h` `utcaclì` id tci`s h`s pdrsca`s y tr`tàaich`s fca fcrtdsì`, rdspdtc y tdaodaic da fudat` dh fcasdatolodatc oajcrl`ic.   oajcrl`ic.   Edadjofdafo`=  Edadjofdafo`=  l`xoloz`r hcs edadjo edadjofocs focs p`r` dh prcydftc id oavdston`foöa lodatr`s sd loaoloz`a hcs rodsncs p`r` hcs sumdtcs id h` oavdston`foöa.   Mustofo`= us`r Mustofo`= us`r prcfdiolodatcs r`zca`ehds, ac dxphct`icrds y eoda fcasoidr`ics p`r` `sdnur`rsd qud sd `iloaostr`a fcrrdft`ldatd (da tïrloacs id fcstcedadjofoc).. edadjofoc)

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Id `fudric fca hcs proafopocs eocïtofcs uaovdrs`hds, sd `phof`rà h` `utcaclì` ldio`atd hcs hoad`lodatc ïtofc- hdn`hds `atdrocrldatd idsfrotcs, dh prdsdatd dstuioc dh fu`h sd iorond fcacfolodatcfca id prcfdscs eochönofcs y sofchönofcs sdrds gul`acs2 ds ua``h oavdston`foöa rodsnc lìaolc= idatrc idh l`rfc da idhcs dstuiocs qud dlphd`a dh rdnostrc id i`tcs ` tr`vïs id prcfdiolodatcs fcluads fcasostdatds da= dxàldads jìsofcs c sofchönofcs id io`naöstofc c tr`t`lodatcs rutoa`rocs, da icaid h` prce`eohoi`i y h` l`naotui idh i`ðc c l`hdst`r qud pudid sdr prdvostc `atofop`i`ldatd `atofop`i`l datd ac sca l`ycrds id `qudhh`s vovdafo`i`s pcr h` pdrsca` ` io`roc c iur`atd h` rd`hoz`foöa id ua dx`lda jìsofc c psofchönofc id rutoa`, id onu`h jcrl` sd rdnh`ldatd rdnh`l datd ua fuoi`ic dspdfo`h ioronoic ` h` utohoz`foöa id pceh`focads vuhadr`ehd. vuhadr`ehd.

50

 

:.

UDVTHY@ICV

:.0 Ttohoi`i id h` `uiotcro` da s`hui da dh àrd` gcspot`h`ro` p`r` h` prdvdafoöa id dvdatcs `ivdrscs da dh p`fodatd e`s`ic da h` hotdr`tur` `ftu`h J`m`ric (56) `jorl` qud h` `uiotcro` g` dst`ic prdsdatd idsid dh surnolodatc id h` ldiofoa`, fclc ua` gdrr`lodat` id rdvosoöa-vdrojof`foöa fcatoau` y sostdlàtof` id prcfdscs lïiofcs y sus rdsuht`ics, ‘fca dh cemdtovc id `hf`az`r dh ldmcr`lodatc

fcatoauc y h` dst`ai`roz`foöa nr`iu`h id h` pràftof` lïiof`, ` joa id iosloauor h` v`ro`eohoi`i fhìaof` fhìaof` y loaoloz`r hcs rodsncs id h`s oatdrvdafocads da s`hui“ (p.0:), ds idfor, qud dh dmdrfofoc id h` pràftof` lïiof` hhdv` olphìfotc ua prcfdsc id ldmcr`lodatc fcatoauc da eýsqudi` id `htdra`tov`s y tdfachcnì`s qud ldmcrda h`s fcaiofocads id s`hui idh p`fodatd2 puds da hc rdjdroic `h prcfdsc `sostdafo`h, h` `uiotcrì` idh `ftc lïiofc da p`rtofuh`r, jcldat` h` fuhtur` id diuf`foöa fcatoau`i`, h` pdrtoadafo` tïfaofc fodatìjof` id hcs prcfdiolodatcs d oatdrvdafocads id `fudric ` h`s adfdsoi`ids idh p`fodatd y h` ldiof`foöa `idfu`i`. Da dstd sdatoic, @pràdz (59) , `jorl` qud dh fcasulc dxfdsovc muatc fca h` pcholdiof`foöa oaadfds`ro` da ua sonaojof`tovc aýldrc id f`scs, sd g` fcavdrtoic da ua vdri`idrc prcehdl` pcr sus djdftcs `ivdrscs da h` s`hui id h`s pdrsca`s y, pcr t`atc, h` `uiotcrì` idh `ftc lïiofc rdsuht` id nr`a utohoi`i da h` idsldiof`hoz`foöa id h` scfodi`i, cevo`ldatd soa ldacsf`ec id hcs idrdfgcs id hcs usu`rocs, `h oafoior p`r` qud hcs lïiofcs ndadr`hds cptda da h` ldioi` id hc pcsoehd pcr `sulor h`s `ftovoi`ids prdvdatov`s y id prclcfoöa id h` s`hui, y ‘fcatroeuyd ` rdjcrz`r c ldmcr`r h` rdh`foöa lïiofc -p`fodatd p`r` g`fdrh` làs dlpàtof` y pcadr da v`hcr h` h`ecr pdi`nönof` qud idsdlpdð`a hcs prcjdsoca`hds idh sostdl` s`aot`roc“ (p.0;).  [`r` Zïhdz (54), h` `uiotcrì` da hcs sostdl`s id s`hui s`h ui fcastotuyd ua oastrulda oastruldatc tc id dv`hu`foöa id h` djof`fo`, djofodafo` y djdftovoi`i id hcs prcfdiolodatcs id `tdafoöa lïiof`, fcasostdatd da h` rdvosoöa sostdlàtof`, sostdlàtof`, fcatoau` y cemdtov` idh `ftc `f tc lïiofc e`s`i` dspdfo`hldatd da dh `aàhosos id h`s gostcro`s fhìaof`s. Da h`s O[V, h` `uiotcrì` id h` pràftof` lïiof` todad ua ‘f`ràftdr diuf`tovc, fcrrdftovc, prdvdatovc,

y sd fcafoed fclc ua prcfdiolodatc tïfaofc id fcatrch c ldf`aoslc id ldmcr`lodatc y pdrjdffoca`lodatc lïiofc, e`s`ic da h` utohoz`foöa id acrl`s y rdnostrcs“ (p.5:).  Da fcasdfudafo`, h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui `iquodrd nr`a olpcrt`afo` da dh fcatdxtc id h` `tdafoöa prol`ro` da s`hui, da t`atc fcatroeuyd ` fcatrch`r y loaoloz`r h`s rodsncs oagdrdatds ` h` pràftof` id hcs prcjdsoca`hds id ldiofoa` ndadr`h (quodads sca hcs hh`l`ics ` prclcvdr h` prdvdafoöa y prclcfoöa id h` s`hui da tcics hcs aovdhds id `tdafoöa)2 pcr hc fu`h, sd crodat` `idlàs, ` prdvdaor h`s fclphof`focads c drrcrds id h` l`h` pràftof` da prdst`foöa id sdrvofocs id s`hui qud pudi`a `jdft`r h` sdnuroi`i y h` f`hoi`i da h` `tdafoöa id hcs p`fodatds. J`m`ric (56), t`leoïa idst`f` 55

 

h` olpcrt`afo` id h` `uiotcrì` fcafurrdatd, h` fu`h fclc ‘dv`hu`foöa sos tdlàtof`,

fcatoau` d oatdnr`h id h` f`hoi`i id h` `sostdafo` lïiof` id l`adr` prdsdafo`h iur`atd h` dmdfufoöa id h`s `tdafocads lïiof`s idatrc id h`s oastotufocads qud prdst`a dh sdrvofoc id s`hui“2 s`hu i“2 prcludvd da hcs lïiofcs dh ldmcr`lodatc id h` f`hoi`i

id `tdafoöa da s`hui y dh todlpc idiof`ic ` f`i` p`fodatd sdnýa hc dstopuh`ic pcr h` acrl`tov`, h` pdrtoadafo` id su pràftof` prcjdsoca`h sdnýa h`s nuì`s y prctcfchcs dst`ehdfoics2 pdrlotd vdrojof`r h` s`tosj`ffoöa idh usu`roc y dv`hu`r h` f`hoi`i idh iohondafo`lodatc iohondafo`l odatc id h` gostcro` fhìaof`. Àhv`rdz (5:), `jorl` qud h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui e`s`i` da gostcro` fhìaof` todad fclc proafop`h joa`hoi`i lcaotcroz`r, fcatrch`r y ldmcr`r h` f`hoi`i id h` `tdafoöa da s`hui, fcatroeuydaic id l`adr` fcatoau` ` h` diuf`foöa idh pdrsca`h lïiofc y idlàs prcjdsoca`hds id h` s`hui fca rdspdftc `h `idfu`ic io`naöstofc, tr`t`lodatc y rdg`eohot`foöa, ds idfor, qud `puat` ` h` `ftu`foöa idh lïiofc fclc t`h. Idatrc id sus cemdtovcs proafop`hds sd idst`f`a= dv`hu`r h` f`hoi`i id h`s gostcro`s fhìaof`s, h` f`hoi`i id h` `tdafoöa lïiof` id `fudric fca prctcfchcs dst`ehdfoics, hcnr`r ua usc r`foca`h id ldiof`ldatcs, dv`hu`r dh fulpholodatc id prctcfchcs id l`admc, hcnr`r pdrtoadafo` da ` oaf`p`foi`ids dajdrldi`i l`tdraoi`i, ndadr`r fuhtur` jrdatd h` olpcrt`afo` idpcr h` `tdafoöa prol`ro`ndadr`h fca joadsy prdvdatovcs c id tr`t`lodatc eàsofc qud olpoi`a h`s fclphof`focads id s`hui id h` pceh`foöa y cevo`ldatd h` gul`aoz`foöa idh `ftc lïiofc p`r` fcasoidr`r hcs j`ftcrds eoc-psofcscfo`hds eoc-psofcscfo`hds y fuhtur` fuhtur`hds hds id sus p`fodatds. Idsid h` pdrspdftov` id J`m`ric (56), h` olpcrt`afo` id h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui r`iof` da qud pdrlotd dv`hu`r h` djdftovoi`i da h` olphdldat`foöa id ‘hcs dsqudl`s id

ndstoöa oatdnr`h idh rodsnc dst`ehdfoics p`r` fcgcrtds id p`fodatds fröaofcs y id `htc fcstc, icaid sd f`r`ftdroz` y sdnldat` h` pceh`foöa id rodsnc da nrupcs id `tdafoöa dspdfo`h id `fudric fca p`tchcnì`s dspdfìjof`s t`hds fclc gopdrtdasoöa `rtdro`h y io`edtds“ (p.5:), `h onu`h qud dh nr`ic id jcrl`foöa y datrda`lodatc id hcs lïiofcs id `tdafoöa prol`ro` prol`ro ` p`r` `tdaidrh`s id l`adr` oatdnr`h, e`s`ics da nuì`s id pràftof` fhìaof`id y prctcfchcs id `tdafoöa da hcsidtdrloa`aic fu`hds dstàasodst`ehdfoi`s h`s ldt`s dspdfìjof`s fcatrch id f`i` dajdrldi`i, sd g`a idjoaoic hcs prcfdiolodatcs lïiofcs làs fcavdaodatds, `h onu`h qud hcs hcnrcs da hc fcafdraodatd ` dvot`r h` dajdrldi`i y tr`t`r cpcrtua` y djof`zldatd h`s p`tchcnì`s id h` pceh`foöa pceh`foöa iosloauydaic sus fclphof`foca fclphof`focads. ds. H` `uiotcrì` da s`hui, t`leoïa pdrlotd dv`hu`r h` cpcrtuaoi`i da h` rdlosoöa id hcs p`fodatds pcr p`rtd id hcs lïiofcs ndadr`hds, ` hcs prcnr`l`s id prdvdafoöa y prclcfoöa dst`ehdfoics pcr h` oastotufoöa2 oidatojof`r h`s judatds id oajcrl`foöa y hcs ldf`aoslcs p`r` rd`hoz`r h`s eýsqudi`s `ftov`s id h` pceh`foöa id rodsnc y su djdftovoi`i2 djdftovoi `i2 idtdft`r h`s idjofodafo`s y j`hdafo j`hdafo`s `s da fu`atc `h rdnostrc idh `ftc lïiofc da h` gostcro` fhìaof`2 y, fu`aic fu` aic ds dh f`sc, idjoaor h`s v`ro`ehds qud ideda l`adm`rsd da iofgc icfuldatc dsdafo`h, p`r` n`r`atoz`r h` oidatojof`foöa idh rodsnc id h` pceh`foöa d tcics hcs aovdhds id `tdafoöa (pcr dmdlphc= lïtcics id ph`aojof`foöa 56

 

j`loho`r, t`e`quoslc, sdidat`roslc) y hcs rodsncs psofcscfo`hds id h` pceh`foöa id rodsnc qud `jdftd h` `igdrdafo` ` hcs tr`t`lodatcs. J`m`ric (56) `sdnur` qud idsid h` `uiotcrì` idh `ftc lïiofc, `idlàs id dv`hu`r dh dstroftc fulpholodatc y `pdnc ` h`s iospcsofocads murìiofc-`iloaostr`tov`s, h` ïtof` prcjdsoca`h, dh nr`ic id gul`aoslc da h` rdh`foöa lïiofc-p`fodatd y prclcvdr h` `pdrtur` `h f`leoc fclc prcfdsc jhdxoehd da dh lcld lcldatc atc id oatdrprdt`r y `must`r sus `ffocads ` h` rd`hoi`i f`leo`atd id h`s oastotufocads id s`hui, ` hcs dsqudl`s acrl`tovcs, dh rdfursc gul`ac, h`s audv`s tdfachcnì`s y `v`afds da fcacfolodatcs fodatìjofcs scerd dh l`admc id h`s dajdrldi`ids id h` pceh`foöa, sd pudid hoidr`r h` fcafodatoz`foöa id hcs lïiofcs ndadr`hds id `tdafoöa prol`ro` da s`hui, scerd h` olpcrt`afo` id ndstoca`r dh rodsnc ldio`atd prcfdscs y prctcfchcs idjoaoics id oatdrvdafoöa, sostdl`s id fh`sojof`foöa id rodsncs, sostdl`s id lcaotcrdc y dv`hu`foöa id rdsuht`ics y, pcr supudstc, id fcacfolodatcs `ftu`hoz`ics, g`eohoi`ids, g`eohoi`id s, `ftotuids y `ptotuid `ptotuidss sujofodatds qud hds pdrlot`a rdschvdr h`s iovdrs`s sotu`focads id s`hui idh oaiovoiuc, su j`loho` y fcluaoi`i. :.5 Udvosoöa eoehocnràjof` sustdat`i` idsid h`s pdrspdftov`s tdörof`s da hc rdjdrdatd `h fcafdptc id h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui.

59

 

Ac.

YOYTHC YOYTHC

FCAFD FCAFD[YC [YC

@TY @TYCUD CUDV V

[@OV

@ C

tdaidafo`s daVd idsfroed y `phof` ua` `uiotcro` idh Jdraàaidz LL `uiotcrì`= `aàhosos id i`tcs y fcacfolodatc da ua àrd` eoclïiof`, `sdnur`lodatc fcatoaucdst`ehdfodaic qud ` tr`vïs id dhh` acs (5>) pdrlotd id `hnua` l`adr` prdvdaor dh idsfcafodrtc c rodsnc qud prcvcf` dh v`fìc idh fcacfolodatc da `hnuacs dsp`focs, fcavortoïaicsd dh fcacfolodatc, h` dxpdrodafo` y datrda`lodatc da jcrt`hdz`s jcrt`hdz`s id h` oastotufoöa.

Echovo`

5;0:

`ftu`h id i d h` h `Da dh `rtìfuhc sd rd`hoz` ua` [àdz F.I. `uiotcrì` lïiof` da fclp`r`foöa datrd hcs prcnr`l`s id Fchcleo` (57) `uiotcrì` qud cjrdfda iojdrdatds uaovdrsoi`ids da Fchcleo`. Ldafoca` qud, da h` l`ycrì` id dstcs prcnr`l`s, dh ïaj`sos qud sd g`fd ds làs `iloaostr`tovc y joa`afodrc, y ac `puat` g`fo` dh usu`roc y su nr`ic id s`tosj`ffoöa. Id onu`h jcrl`, ac sd `ecri` h`

Fchcleo`

5;04

Fchcleo`

5;04

0  Audv`s

5  Votu`foöa

54

 

f`hoi`i da h` `tdafoöa y dh nr`ic id gul`aoz`foöa, pudstc qud `puat`a làs g`fo` hcs fcstcs y h` prciuftovoi`i.

6  @uiotcrì` idh sdrvofoc (5?)

Dh tdxtc ldafoca` qud idatrc idh Fojudatds E.[. fcafdptc id `uiotcrì` da s`hui f`ed rds`ht`r h` `uiotcrì` idh sdrvofoc. H` fu`h sd dajcf` da h` `tdafoöa qud sd hd cjrdfd ` hcs usu`rocs y dh nr`ic id s`tosj`ffoöa qud l`aojodst`a da rdh`foöa fca hcs proafopocs id h` `tdafoöa da s`hui= cpcrtuaoi`i, `ffdsoeohoi`i, sdnuroi`i, pdrtoadafo`, fcatoauoi`i y s`tosj`ffoöa. Hc qud fcastotuyd ua `spdftc olpcrt`atd p`r` dh ldmcr`lodatc id h` f`hoi`i y h` g`eohot`foöa/`frdiot`foöa id h`s oastotufocads id s`hui.

9  Gdrr`lodat` id `uiotcrì`

Da dstd `rtìfuhc sd ldafoca` qud h`s Uý` @., Ycrrds Fchcleo` p`r` h` ndstoöa id `uiotcrì`s fclýaldatd sd hhdv`a ` I., F`l`fgc M tdfachcnì` eoclïiof`. eoclïiof` . (6;) f`ec fca dhdldatcs fclc host`s id

5;04

5:

 

fgdqudc, hàpoz y dh frotdroc cesdrv`foca`h idh `uiotcr. Hc qud dvoidafo` qud ac dxostd ua` dst`ai`roz`foöa id oastruldatcs qud pdrlot` rd`hoz`r ua` dv`hu`foöa làs prdfos` y fcajo`ehd. Lctovc pcr dh fu`h, h` dh`ecr`foöa id gdrr`lodat`s qud dst`ai`rofda hcs prcfdscs dv`hu`ics hcnr`rì` `uiotcrì`s judr`a làs cemdtov`squdy h`s `lda`s. @spdftc qud t`leoïa oajhuorì` da qud sd iosloauy` dh usc id rdfurscs, qud sd pudida us`r p`r` h`s `uiotcrì`s oatdra`s, h`s `uiotcrì`s dxtdra`s y h`s `utcdv`hu`focads. [cr hc qud sd ph`atd` qud h` gdrr`lodat` sd frdd tdaodaic da fudat` h` acrl`tovoi`i vondatd y hcs dstàai`rds id g`eohot`foöa y `frdiot`foöa

4  @spdftcs

ïtofcs da h` Dh tdxtc ph`atd` ua` rdjhdxoöa g`fo`

5>

 

`uiotcrì` da s`hui (Dtgof`hh`s cehon`focads ïtof`s qud ided tdadr Ossuds oa Gd`htgf`rd @uiot) ua `uiotcr da s`hui. Udjhdxoöa qud (60) `rnuldat` qud sdr `uiotcr ac schc olphof` dh gdfgc id eusf`r j`hdafo`s, fcrrdnorh`s y vdrojof`r su ldmcr`lodatc fcatoauc, soac t`leoïa dh gdfgc id cer`r fca cemdtovoi`i sodlprd fca ua `htc nr`ic id v`hcrds lcr`hds. Hc `atdrocr ideoic ` qud ac sd `uiot`a

V`aicv`h EU

Fchcleo`

5;04

‘fcs`s“ soac `spdftcs qud oajhuyda da

h`s voi`s id hcs p`fodatds. [cr t`atc, h` juafoöa idh `uiotcr da s`hui ided sdr eusf`r dh ldmcr`lodatc id h` f`hoi`i id h` `tdafoöa da s`hui prcpdaiodaic pcr dh eoda làxolc, soa oatdrdsds pdrsca`hds c id h` dlprds`, n`r`atoz`aic ua` `tdafoöa id f`hoi`i y rdnostrcs fh`rcs y fclphdtcs

:  Ids`rrchhc

d Dstd

dstuioc

sd

daf`loaö

` Ycrrds YJ.

Dfu`icr

5;04

57

 

olphdldat`foöa id ua jcldat`r h` fccpdr`foöa p`rtofop`tov` lcidhc id `uiotcrì` lïiof` datrd `uiotcrds y `uiot`ics, fca dh joa e`s`ic da n`r`atì` id id `sdnur`r h` f`hoi`i id h` prdst`foöa f`hoi`i y supdrvosoöa idh sdrvofoc id s`hui. @ r`ìz id dstc, sd p`rtofop`tov` da Dfu`icr (65)dvoidafo` qud dh prcfdsc id `uiotcrì` ds oaiospdas`ehd p`r` h` oidatojof`foöa id prcehdl`s y fcrrdffoöa id hcs loslcs y ac fclc ds ua prcfdsc puaotovc. Da fcasdfudafo`, sd jcrt`hdfd h` oafhusoöa id dstr`tdno`s p`r` dh ldmcr`lodatc id h` f`hoi`i.

NN., Fue` idh Vd idsfroed y `phof` ua` `uiotcro` idh V`h`s fcacfolodatc crodat`i` ` fcacfolodatc da ua àrd` eoclïiof`, [camuàa IN. prcfdscs proafop`hds da ua dst`ehdfodaic qud ` tr`vïs id dhh` acs

>  @uiotcrì`

àrd` eoclïiof` (66)

pdrlotd id `hnua` l`adr` prdvdaor dh dh idsfcafodrtc c rodsnc qud prcvcf` v`fìc idh fcacfolodatc da `hnuacs dsp`focs, fcavortoïaicsd dh fcacfolodatc, h` dxpdrodafo` y datrda`lodatc da

5?

5;09

 

jcrt`hdz`s id h` oastotufoöa. 7 

@uiotcrì` id f`hoi`iH` oavdston`foöa ph`atd` ua` vosoöa tr`iofoca`h vs `uiotcrì` id fclp`r`tov` da h` h ` fu`h sd rds`ht`

Nuzlàa G@.

Fchcleo`

5;09

Fchcleo`

5;09

Lïxofc

5;09

f`hoi`i y fcstcs da s`hui=qud datrds h`s f`r`ftdrìstof`s id h` ua`

rdvosoöa

id

`uiotcro` uiotcro` sus  `

tr`iofoca`h sd dafudatr`a=

dhdldatcs iojdrdafo`icrds h` `ftotui ac puaotov`, h` y fcluads (69) rdtrc`holdat`foöa y h` fcatoau` rdvosoöa id p`rds. Lodatr`s qud da h` `uiotcro` id f`hoi`i sd rds`ht` làs h` rdh`foöa datrd f`hoi`i vdrsus fcstcs, h` djof`fo` id h` losl` y dh fcstc id rd`hoz`rh`. [drc t`leoïa oaiof` qud da `lecs dajcquds h` `ftotui id hcs `uiot`ics ac ds h` ldmcr, qud rdjodrda dst`r da fcatr` id h` `uiotcrì` y, `idlàs, prdsdat`a ua idsfcacfolodatc rdspdftc ` hcs fcstcs y ` hcs prcfdscs id h` losl` `uiotcrì`. [cr ctrc h`ic, rdjodrd qud da dh prcfdsc id `uiotcrì` dh proafop`h joa ds dh ldmcr`lodatc id

6;

 

f`hoi`i pcr ldioc id prcnr`l`s, pdrc `ýa sd pudid dafcatr`r ua `htc nr`ic id iojofuht`i `h lcldatc lcldatc id dmdfut`rhcs ? 

Dv`hu`foöa id h` f`hoi`iH` rdvosoöa `ecri` dh fcafdptc id Hhoaàs I@. id h` `tdafoöa da s`hui,f`hoi`i da s`hui id @vdios ua proldr p`sc p`r` h` rdjcrl` idh sostdl` (64)

Ica`vdio`a, sus acrl`s tïfaof`s y ldafoca` h` olpcrt`afo` id ua f`leoc da dh qud sd oafhuy` ua `uldatc

id h`

dquoi`i da h`

prdst`foöa idh sdrvofoc, h` djofodafo` id h` ndstoöa y h` djdftovoi`i id h`s `ftu`focads, p`r` `sì hcnr`r h` s`tosj`ffoöa id h`s adfdsoi`ids da h` pceh`foöa. 0;

H`

dv`hu`foöa

id

h` Dh

tdxtc

prdsdat`

h`

v`hcs NL.

f`hoi`i da h` `tdafoöafcafdptu`hoz`foöa id h` f`hoi`i id h` prol`ro`

`

h`

s`hui=`sostdafo`

lïiof`,

h`

dvchufoöa

fcasoidr`focads tdörof`s gostörof` id h` f`hoi`i y h`s y ldtcichönof`s (6:) tdaidafo`s làs rdfodatds da dh `ecri`md id h` f`hoi`i da s`hui

60

 

fclc sca n`r`atì` id f`hoi`i, fcatrch id f`hoi`i tct`h tct`h y ldmcr`lodatc fcatoauc id h` f`hoi`i 00

@uiotcro` lïiof` `adstdso` (6>)

da Da dh `rtìfuhc sd rdtcl` dh fcafdptc id Oro`rtd JI, Ycrrdz Echovo` `uiotcrì` fclc ua` cpcrtuaoi`i p`r` VM, Ldhn`rdmc UH, diuf`rsd y prdvdaor dh drrcr lïiofc y Ycrrdz VM. ac fclc fclc ua` oast`afo` s`afoca`tcro` y puaotov`. U`zöa pcr h` fu`h h` `uiotcrì` lïiof` sd fcavodrtd da ua ldf`aoslc qud fcatroeuyd ` dvot`r dh rodsnc id drrcrds da dh prcfdsc id `tdafoöa y id dst` jcrl` n`r`atoz`r h` f`hoi`i id h` `tdafoöa lïiofc `sostdafo`h. [cr dhhc, ds olpcrt`atd qud sd dst`ehdzf` dh gàeotc id `phof`rh` da h`s `utcdv`hu`focads y ac schc fu`aic sd hhdvda ` f`ec h`s `uiotcrì`s dxtdra`s. @idlàs, sd ldafoca` qud dh prcfdsc id `uiotcrì` sd ided rd`hoz`r sodlprd

5;0;

65

 

fca hcs rdnostrcs fhìaofcs, puds hc qud sd fcasona` da dhhcs ds h` dvoidafo` id hc qud sd rd`hozö y hc qud sd clotoö rdvdh` hc qud dh prcjdsoca`h ac dmdfutö.

05 H` `uiotcrì`= fcafdptc Hcs `utcrds rd`hoz`a ua` rdvosoöa id h` L`fguff` @I `ftu`h c `atonuc (67) dvchufoöa gostörof` id h` `uiotcro` da

Fchcleo`

5;;>

s`hui= fcafdptc, l`rfc hdn`h y `phof`foöa da Fchcleo`. 06 H` `uiotcrì` fclc prcfdsc Da dh `rtìfuhc sd rd`hoz` ua` rdvosoöa idh Zohh`ridjr`afcs

Fue`

5;;:

@uiotcrì` lïiof`= lïiof`= Da dst` rdvosoöa sd idt`hhö dh p`pdh idh Cscroc VN., Fgohd gdrr`lodat` id ndstoöa `uiotcr lïiofc fclc ua prcjdsoca`h V`yds ZA., lcidra` suev`hcr`i` suev`h cr`i` (9;) qud eusf` dh ldmcr`lodatc id h` Jdraàaidz LH., dajdrldi`i y dh `uldatc id h` f`hoi`i, f`ho i`i, @r`y` FD., t`atc da h` `tdafoöa, fca [cehdtd LI.

5;;5

id fcatrch= topchcnì` (6?) fcafdptc

`uiotcrì`, hcs y `spdftcs y tïrloac rdh`foca`ics ` fölc fuàaic @L., Uovdr`, ] `p`rdfoö pcr proldr` vdz y fölc oajhuyö da dh pdrocic id h` rdvchufoöa oaiustro`h. oaius tro`h. Y`leoïa `ecri` hcs topcs id `uiotcrì`= oatdra`, oaidpdaiodatd y nuedra`ldat`h, su juafoöa d olpcrt`afo`. Ac `ecri` dh fcafdptc id `uiotcrì` da s`hui, y` qud sd dajcf` làs da ua` pdrspdftov` `iloaostr`tov` y joa`afodr`.

66

 

09

dspdfojof`focads idjoaoi`s, fclc da hcsprdvo`ldatd rdnostrcs fhìaofcs. Udnostrcs qud ideda fulphor fca p`ràldtrcs id cpcrtuaoi`i, hdnoeohoi`i, fcajo`eohoi`i y ïtof` prcjdsoca`h. Id onu`h jcrl`, g`fd ïaj`sos da qud h` `uiotcrì` ldiof` sd ided idjoaor idjoaor fclc fclc ua` gdrr`lodat` olpcrt`atd

69

 

>.

IOVFTVOÖA

H` `uiotcrì` da s`hui id hcs prcjdsoca`hds id ldiofoa` ndadr`h id `tdafoöa prol`ro` da s`hui rdvostd nr`a olpcrt`af o lpcrt`afo`, o`, y` qud pdrlotd dv`hu`r h` `sdrtovoi`i lïiof` da hcs io`naöstofcs, h` ldiof`foöa y hcs dxàldads io`naöstofcs crida`ics y idtdrloa`r h` rdspcas`eohoi`i rdspcas`eoho i`i lïiof`, fcavortoïaicsd `sì, da ua ldf`aoslc id nr`a utohoi`i da h` idjdas` id hcs lïiofcs jrdatd ` idl`ai`s id topc hdn`h, pcr adnhondafo` c l`h` pr`xos y, pcr t`atc, prdvdaor drrcrds lïiofcs, prclcvdr h` ïtof` prcjdsoca`h y dh ldmcr`lodatc id su pràftof`. H` juafoöa id h` `uiotcrì` idh `ftc lïiofc, ac sd holot` ` idtdft`r hcs drrcrds fcldtoics pcr hcs prcjdsoca`hds id h` ldiofoa` ndadr`h, soac qud prcjuaioz` da h`s fus`s qud hcs ndadr`a y lctov` dh f`leoc y h` olphdldat`foöa id dstr`tdno`s p`r` prdvdaorhcs c fcrrdnorhcs fu`aic dstd ds dh f`sc. H` fclp`r`foöa idh io`naöstofc tdr`pïutofc tdr`pïut ofc y hcs prcfdscs id tr`t`lodatc id hcs p`fodatds fca hc dst`ehdfoic da h`s nuì`s fhìaof`s hd pdrlotd `h `uiotcr oidatoj oidatojof`r of`r h` pdrtoadafo` da dh usc id h` tdfachcnì` p`r` f`i` f`sc p`rtofuh`r p`rtofuh`r y idtdrloa`r idtdrloa`r fcstcs ooaadfds`r aadfds`rocs ocs pcr dstd fcafdptc. Ta `spdftc juai`ldat`h id h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui, ds h` dv`hu`foöa id h` oatdrprdt`foöa qud hcs prcjdsoca`hds da s`hui id `tdafoöa prol`ro` g`fda id hcs rdsuht`ics id prude`s io`naöstof`s qud sd rdquodr`a p`r` h` v`hcr`foöa oatdnr`h id h`s fcaiofocads id s`hui id hcs p`fodatds y h` tcl` id idfosocads jrdatd ` su fcaiofoöa id s`hui2 ` su vdz, datrd h`s dstr`tdno`s id ldmcr`lodatc fcatoauc id h` `tdafoöa prol`ro` da s`hui idrov`i`s idh `uiot`md dstà h` id jcldat`r da hcs lïiofcs ndadr`hds,, h` `ffoöa diuf`tov` p`r` prclcvdr ndadr`hds prclcvdr da hhcs cs p`fodatds, sus j`loho`s y da h`s fcluaoi`ids da ndadr`h, dstohcs id voi` s`hui`ehds y dh `utcfuoi`ic da s`hui2 `idlàs, dv`hý` so dh l l`admc `admc tdr`pïuto tdr`pïutofc fc sd g` rd`hoz`ic fca oaiof`focads prdfos`s y cpcrtua`s, `tdaiodaic h`s f`r`ftdrìsto f`r`ftdrìstof`s, f`s, adfdsoi`ids y dxpdft`tov dxpdft`tov`s `s id h` pceh`foöa fcasuht`atd2 y idtdft` ldiof`foöa dxfdsov`, iuphofoi`i id tdr`po`s y djdftcs `ivdrscs id hcs tr`t`lodatcs fca dh joa id loaoloz`r dh i`ðc da dh p`fodatd. [`r` Fojudatds (5?), h` olpcrt`afo` id h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui da `tdafoöa prol`ro`, r`iof` da qud `h sdr ua oastruldatc juai`ldat`h j uai`ldat`h p`r` fclp`r`r hc qud dh prcjdsoca`h prcjd soca`h lïiofc gozc fca hc qud idedrì` g`edr gdfgc jrdatd ` h` dajdrldi`i id sus p`fodatds y dv`hu`r h` `tdafoöa eroai`i` y dh hcnrc id h` `tdafoöa prcydft`i`, t`leoïa pdrlotd jcrluh`r d olphdldat`r hcs fcrrdftovcs pdrtoadatds p`r` ldmcr`r su pràftof` prcjdsoca`h fca e`sd da h`s idjofodafo`s idtdft`i`s, ds idfor, qud h` losoöa idh `uiot`md da dstd f`sc, ds n`r`atoz`r sus g`eohoi`ids tïfaof`s, h` `ftu`hoz`foöa id sus fcacfolodatcs, h` `prcpo`foöa id h`s audv`s tdfachcnì` id io`naöstofc y su ideoi` utohoz`foöa, prclcvdr h` ïtof` prcjdsoca`h, h` sdnuroi`i idh p`fodatd, gul`aoz`r gul`a oz`r hh`` rdh`foöa lïiofc-p`fodatd y, pcr t`atc, cptoloz`r dh todlpc id fcasuht` iospcaoehd da ua io`naöstofc öptolc qud, ` su vdz, fcahhdvd ` ua tr`t`lodatc `sdrtovc.

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Datrd hcs lýhtophds cemdtovcs dspdfìjofcs id h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui L`aroqud (90), idst`f` hcs sonuodatds= dv`hu`r f`hoi`i id h` `tdafoöa lïiof` y su olp`ftc2 `a`hoz`r h`s qudm`s, rdfh`lcs y idauafo`s cronoa`i`s id h` pràftof` lïiof`, dstuio`r sotu`focads `acrl`hds da h` pràftof` prcjdsoca`h, idtdrloa`r h` pdrtoadafo` id tr`t`lodatcs, h`s adfdsoi`ids id f`p`fot`foöa c `ftu`hoz`foöa2 h` prcpcrfoöa id lïiofcs fca idjofodafo` da h` f`hoi`i id `tdafoöa eroai`i`2 su oicadoi`i c oafclpdtdafo` prcjdsoca`h2 vdrojof`r dh io`naöstofc, oaiof`foöa c prdsfropfoöa, hcs prcfdiolodatcs io`naöstofcs y su fcrrdspcaidafo` fca dh tr`t`lodatc tdr`pïutofc idtdrloa`aic su pdrtoadafo`2 n`r`atoz`r dh usc id tdfachcnì` ` h` huz id hcs fcacfolodatcs y p`ràldtrcs vondatds2 djdftu`r sdnuolodatc pdrl`adatd ` h` `tdafoöa lïiof` eroai`i`2 y prcpcadr dstr`tdno`s id ldmcr`lodatc (Ldmcr` Fcatoau`) id h` pràftof` lïi lïiof`. of`. Ctrcs `spdftcs qud mustojof`a h` olpcrt`afo` id h` `uiotcrì` da s`hui, ds su ïaj`sos da ldmcr`r dh iohondafo`lodatc id h` gostcro` fhìaof`, fca joads id qud dst` rdjhdmd id h` ldmcr jcrl` pcsoehd tcics hcs prcfdiolodatcs idh prcfdsc id `tdafoöa lïiof` idh p`fodatd2 oidatojof`r hcs drrcrds lïiofcs y djdftcs `ivdrscs p`r` ldmcr`r h` pràftof` fhìaof` y jcrt`hdfdr h` ïtof` prcjdsoca`h, da prc id n`r`atoz`r h` sdnuroi`i idh p`fodatd2 jcldat`r h` dxfdhdafo` fhìaof` ldio`atd h` dv`hu`foöa id tdfachcnì`s y prcfdiolodatcs fhìaofcs rd`hoz`ics fclc scpcrtd ` h`s idfosocads fhìaof`s y id ndstoöa. Vu olp`ftc, sdnýa dh Loaostdroc id V`hui y [rctdffoöa Vcfo`h (95), sd fdatr` da dh ldmcr`lodatc id prcfdscs y ac da h` eýsqudi` id fuhp`ehds y jcldat` h` `h oatdrocr id h` crn`aoz`foöa y da hcs prcjdsoca`hds id h` s`hui, h` `prcpo`foöa id h`s ldmcr`s hcnr`i`s ldio`atd h` prclcfoöa id h` h ` fuhtur` id `utcdv`hu `utcdv`hu`foöa `foöa y `utcfcatrc `utcfcatrch.h. Da fcasdfudafo`, fcgdrdatdldatd fca dh cemdtovc prolcrio`h id tcic sostdl` id sdnuroi`i scfo`h da s`hui, id eroai`r `ffdsc ` hcs sdrvofocs id s`hui n`r`atozàaichd n`r`atozàaichd h` làxol` f`hoi`i, h` `uiotcrì` idh `ftc lïiofc da `tdafoöa prol`ro` t`h y fclc hc `jorl` Dsfuidrc (96 (96), ), todad datrd sus juafocads prolcrio`hds prdvdaor h`s sotu`fo sotu`focads cads idcpcrtuaoi`i idl`ai` oas`tosjdfg` hcs usu`rocs, da t`atc fdatr`i` day dh dv`hý` h` idh sdrvofocid lïiofc, h` rdh`foöa lïiofc p`fodatd hcsp`fodatd fcacfolodatcs eàsofcs id hcs lïiofcs ndadr`hds, fca joads id prclcvdr su jcrl`foöa p`r` prcjuaioz`r da idtdrloa`ics `spdftcs id `fudric ` hcs v`fìcs qud pcsdd2 pcr dmdlphc, olpuhs`r su jcrl`foöa da ldiofoa` j`loho`r, fcasoidr`aic qud da `tdafoöa prol`ro` dstcs prcjdsoca`hds ac schc ideda `prcpo`rsd id iostoatcs prcfdiolodatcs `htdra`tovcs p`r` ua loslc prcehdl` id s`hui, f`sc fclýa da pceh`focads dspdfìjof`s y jcrt`hdfdr hcs ldf`aoslcs id p`rtofop`foöa id hcs p`fodatds da h` tcl` id idfosocads fhìaof`s, soac `sulor h` `tdafoöa lïiof` `ecri`aic tci`s h`s vdrtodatds idh sdr gul`ac (fudrpc, psoqud, sdatolodatcs, j`loho`, fcluaoi`i) y idlàs `spdftcs id su voi`, lctov`rhcs d olphof`rhcs da dh fuoi`ic id su s`hui2 da sìatdsos, v`hcr` h` djof`fo` id h` `tdafoöa lïiof` fca joads id ldmcr`lodatc c pdrjdffoca`lodatc pdrjdffoc a`lodatc id hcs `spdftcs dv`hu`ics, hcs fu`hds ideda sdr idjoaoics fca `atdrocroi`i `atdrocroi `i ` h` rd`hoz`foöa idh `uiot`md. 6:

 

7.

FCAFHTVOCADV

  H` @uiotcrì` @uiotcrì` da V`hui ds `ftu`hldatd uac iidd hcs prcnr`l`s l làs às olpcrt`atds qud g` frd`ic h` CLV, fca h` joa`hoi`i joa`hoi`i id rdiufor hcs rodsncs id ua p`fodatd qud ds tr`t`ic oatr`gcspot`h`ro`ldatd y fclc fcasdfudafo` id ïstd, hc fu`h ac sd gueodsd hcnr`ic soa dh oatdrïs y dh vìafuhc pcr p`rtd id lufgcs p`ìsds ` aovdh luaio`h, iosloauydaic `sì dh pcrfdat`md id dvdatcs `ivdrscs da h` `tdafoöa ` hcs p`fodatds, nr`fo`s ` h`s oavdston`focads rd`hoz`i`s, h`s fu`hds pdrlotodrca iojuaior i`tcs adfds`rocs p`r` dh fcacfolodatc y fcrrdffoöa id `qudhh`s j`hh`s qud sd pcirì`a g`edr prdsdat`ic da fdatrcs gcspot`h`rocs da tcic dh luaic.



  H` `uiotcrì` p`r` p`r` dh ldmcr`lodatc id h` f`hoi`i id voi` idh p`fodatd, so ds fcrrdft`ldatd olphdldat`i`, ided fcastotuorsd da ua fclpcadatd idh Vostdl` Cehon`tcroc id N`r`atì` id F`hoi`i id h` `tdafoöa da V`hui qud, `h g`fdr sdnuolodatc ` h`s iojdrdafo`s datrd h` f`hoi`i idsd`i` y h` f`hoi`i cesdrv`i`, oafdatovd dh rdspdtc ` hcs idrdfgcs idh p`fodatd y h` euda` pràftof` prcjdsoca`h, `sì fclc olp`ftd da jcrt`hdfdr h` vo`eohoi`i id h` oastotufoöa y idh sostdl` idatrc id ua fcatdxt f catdxtcc id djdftovoi`i djdftovoi`i,, djofodafo` y ïtof`.



  H` ïtof` lïiof` ds dh v`hcr lcr`h juai`l juai`ldat`h dat`h id h` pràftof` lïiof` y ided dst`r sodlprd pcr dafol` id hcs oatdrdsds lcadt`rocs pdrsca` pdrsca`hds hds c oastotufoca`hds da j`vcr id h` `tdafoöa idh p`fodatd, olphof`aic da r`zöa id su oaj`hoeohoi`i, dh ideoic `ftu`r id hcs prcjdsoca`hds p`r` dvot`r da hc pcsoehd `ftcs lïiofcs oaideoics t`hds fclc oatdrvdafocads quorýrnof`s oaadfds`ro`s, oa`idfu`i` `iloaostr`foöa id ldiof`ldatcs, idjofodafo`s da h` `tdafoöa pdrsca`hoz`i` idh p`fodatd, drrcrds da dh io`naöstofc id h`s dajdrldi`ids c id topc tdr`pïutofc datrd lufgcs ctrcs, qud pudi`a f`us`r djdftcs `ivdrscs da h` s`hui id hcs p`fodatds y prdvdaor dh dajrdat`l dajrdat`lodatc odatc id rdspcas`eohoi`i rdspcas`eohoi`ids ds hdn`hds id topc fovoh c pda`h pcr hcs i`ðcs f`us`ics da dh dmdrfofoc id su prcjdsoöa.

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UDFCLDAI@FOCADV

  [`r` ua` fcrrdft` `uiotcrì` da s`hui sd ideda olphdldat`r hcs dhdldatcs dhdldatcs dsdafo`hds qud sd rdquodrda p`r` h` rd`hoz`foöa id ïst`2 h`s acrl`s fhìaof`s y `iloaostr`tov`s ideda sdr fh`r`s, fcacfoi`s, iojuaioi`s y `ftu`hoz`i`s ldio`atd h` dxostdafo` id prctcfchcs fhìaofcs, gostcro`s fhìaof`s fclphdt`s, hdnoehds y fca oajcrl`foöa fh`r`, fcafos` y crida`i`. H` oajcrl`foöa scerd dst`iìstof`s gcspot`h`ro`s ided sdr cpcrtua`, vdr`z y fclphdt`2 muatc fca ua pdrsca`h oiöadc ` f`rnc idh fcatrch oatdrac y id h` `uiotcro` `uiotcro` fhìaof`.



  Ds adfds`ro adfds`roc c frd`r ua sostdl` id `uiotcrì` da hcs iojdrdatds dst`ehdfo dst`ehdfolodatcs lodatcs qud i`a `tdafoöa da s`hui, i`ic qud ds sul`ldatd olpcrt`atd fcat`r fca ldf`aoslcs qud pdrlot`a fcatrch`r y dv`hu`r da jcrl` pdrl`adatd, h` f`hoi`i id h` `tdafoöa lïiof` prcpcrfoca`i` da h` s`h` id gcspot`hoz`foöa, fcasuhtcrocs id dspdfo`hoi`ids, Taoi`ids id Dldrndafo` y ctrcs.



  H` `uiotcrì` da s`hui ided sdr ua prcfdsc qu qudd n`r`atofd h` rdvosoöa sostïlof` y

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ph`aojof`i` h` `tdafoöa oatdnr`h idh usu`roc ua aovdh i`ic qud h`id s`hui ds ua idrdfgc juai`ldat` juai`ldat`h h `hda sdrvofoc id id tci``ht` ua`fclphdmoi`i2 fcluaoi`i y qud dh l`rnda id l`aocer`eohoi`i y drrcr ided sdr da hc pcsoehd fdrc.

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jrcl=  gttps=//`pp.v jrcl= gttps=//`pp.vhdx.fcl/#voi/`u iotcraof`-iof`->575;>?>.   Eh`vo` Dsquorch @.hdx.fcl/#voi/`uiotcraof`-iof Dvchufoöa idh pdas`lodat pdas`lodatc c`->575;>?>.  pchìtofc. Diofocads dquoacff dquoacffoc oc id h` uaovdrsoi`i Echìv`r. 0??52= p. 560. [`toðc M. Act`s scerd Gopöfr`tds. VOFT@. 5;;4. Acrtg ^. Vtu Vtuiods iods oa Ldiodv`h Ldiodv`h Gostcry. G`sboas Vcfodty Mcra`h. 5;;>2 0?. Hdlefbd [. Dvchuf Dvchufoöa oöa id h` @uiotcrì` Lïiof`. Mcura`h cj tgd @l @ldrof`a drof`a Ldiof`h @sscfo`toca. 0?:>2 0??. [osfc [osfcy` y` @re`ðoh M. F`hoi`i id h` `tdafoöa da s` s`hui hui ` tr`vïs id h` `uiotcro` lïiof` Hol`= Taovdrsoi`i A`foca`h L`ycr id V`a L`rfcs2 5;05. Jdraàaidz V. Hcs dvdatc dvdatcss `ivdrscs y h` sdnuroi`i idh p`fodatd= p`fodatd= FCA@LDIC[V2 5;04. Ucirìnudz Gdrrdr` U, Hcs`ric U. Gostcro` id h` sdnuroi`i id idhh p`fodatd. Gotcs Gotcs proafop`hds idsid hcs `hecrds id h` h ` fovohoz`foöa g`st` hcs proldrcs rdtcs nhce`hds y dh dstuioc OED@V. Udvost` id h` `scfo`foöa l lïiof` ïiof` @rndatoa`. 5;072 060(9). Fcanrdsc id Fc Fchcleo`. hcleo`. Hdy >04 id 5;;0..2 50 id Iofodlerd id 5;;0 Rfotdi 5;0? @eroh 6;. @v`oh`ehd jrcl= gttps=//www.l gttps=//www.loadiuf`foca.ncv.fc/ oadiuf`foca.ncv.fc/0:50/`rt 0:50/`rtofhdsofhds7:;?7S`rfgovcSpij.pij.   7:;?7S`rfgovcSpij.pij. Fcanrdsc id Fchcleo`. Hdy 0055 id 5;;>. [cr h` fu`h sd g`fda `hnua`s lciojof`focads lciojof` focads da dh Vostdl` Ndadr`h id Vdnuro Vdnuroi`i i`i Vcfo`h da V`hui..2 ? id Dadrc id 5;;> Rfotdi 5;;? L`yc 0. @v`oh`ehd jrcl= gttps=//www.loas`hui.ncv.fc gttps=//www .loas`hui.ncv.fc/sotds/roi/H /sotds/roi/Hosts/Eoehoctdf`Ionot` osts/Eoehoctdf`Ionot`h/UOID/ID/IOM/hdyh/UOID/ID/IOM/hdy0055-id-5;;>.pij.   0055-id-5;;>.pij. Fcanrdsc id Fchcleo`. Hdy 0967 id 5;00.2 0? id Dadrc id 5;00 Rfotdi 5;0? L`yc 0. @v`oh`ehd jrcl=

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