impaction s

M
  



 

  

R   ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’

©  
 


 R  ©

 


 R


 R



 

 
   
 R

 6

©  

              



’ ¦
 
   

     ’    ’  
   ’   ! " #$%&' á

©
!


 ’ © "  " !" "    

 
      "
" ( 
)   "  )
"

    
( 


     

  #$%# ’ 

 )    ) " " 
   (    


 "   ( "  (


 " " 
(      ) "



’ 

Ñ " !" "    

  
      "
"  ( 
)   "  )
"

    
( 


    *

’  &#$%$'

Ñ

" " " )  
   " 
 +   )  + ) 

 ( "   ,   )
" "  
   
+ ( -  "
 
)    +
 " 
 ) *

&

’  

Ñ

"  
  (    !"  " )  ) 
   " 
 + !"  ,   +   
    
 *

’   Ñ      " " 
+ )

 "  
   " " (  
( 
"
"* $

"


!  () ’ ’ ’ ’ ’

" "
  "

" "
 "  "
 .
 "


º

Phylogenic theory: theory: 
 
   "  
    " 
 + (
 

 !

 ) 
 
 /
)   
 )
  (
" /
 +  ) " -!0 1" 
 "( ) 
 +2    6333 
 "+
     )

 !
) -! " +

 " (  , 
  2 + )) 
 )
"
 
 
 %

÷rthodontic theory theory  ! +  !!
  )
!
 
  
  
!" ) " -!  + ) " 


  )
!
 
  
   " " 
)
 !"  " + !      # -! -!
   '   '  ( 
 " + ) " "  )
!
 
  
  1 )

  ) ( '  )  ('   ) ) 

' 

 ' 
 ' .
  )

 "  

 
!" ) " -! -! £

endelian theory: theory: ¦
   

 4" "

 
 ) 

 -!  
 " )
 
  ( ( 4"  (  
   ) 
 " 



  )       Pathological ))  


+ " -! -!

theory: theory: 1"
 )  +  (
 " )   )
"

!"  +  ) "

Endocrinal theory: theory: 
 

  
!" "
 
  ))  " 2 ) " -! 3

R  !     ×
÷truction
of
the
eruption ’ 1   ( ’  )  ’ 

  57   " ’ 8 
 ’ + )(
 ’ 1 )
  
’  

’ 1"   ) " " ’ 1"
 ) ’ 7  -! 
!" ’


 ) -  "


" " " 
 
   ’ .    ) " ( ’

6

 
  Prenatal
caue: ’ ¦
 Pot
natal caue ’ 7  ’  ’ 1  " ’ 4(
 ’ 
 ’ .
  "
 
"
 á

’ Vare
condition: å 1
  å ,  " å  
 å 





©

 ’ 
 ’ ©
!




*( ’  

+ *,  ’ -.



 ’ (

+  ’ / (
 &

’ ü

  
  

’ " 
 
 ’  
  
  0. ’ 
 
 ’ 
   
  ’ 


 1

111 *  $

’ 
 ’  
 ’     
 ’ 
 

  
 ’ " 0.  ’      º


( ü  ’  
 9   : 
 "
 ’ ;
 ’  :  
E5F º3> ’ ¦
2 G E5F º333> ’

"
  @

 +
 +


á&

&#$%7'   &#$86'  
 '  
' ¦
2 ' D
  '  
'  
' @


' +
 á$

   

 ! @  A 8)     
 (   

@    áº

MR


@#$,,A

@  "    +(   6 


á%

+ 
  

( ©"©2

©"©2

©"©2R á£

, 

   

  


  
6 ¦
2 á D
 

  
&  )  $ @

 )  º +
 % 4


3

6R



(

 
+
 ’ ¦ 
 ’ 
,  (
 ’ @  ’    ’   ) 

( ’ ),( )   ) " ’



 R©ü©R"©2 r r r r



r
r
r


                     

6


 C


!

 


 D
   
 
 ¦
2  4
+
  @


 
 +
  (

 

á

   
!  .
   
 
   ·
   )      1  (    R2 ( ! ’ ·)+
(     
+
 )


   


’ ;+
(    ;


  
+
 )






’ 
 

 1    7       

&

R



’ M

å  å 8  © 

 å  
 å "   å 
 , å 4 2 å 
 "
 å 8 )  å " "
 å .,( )   ’ 3 



å 8! å 
  ) 8 å  " å 4


$

 
 

  ’ 8 ) 
  ’ 
  ’ .,
5
 (