Immuno First _ Past Years Qs

IMMUNITY Past Ye Past Y ears Question s

First 2012 Exam Grizli777

 Price  Pr ice

Part #1 Part #1 Questions and  and answers: answers:

1- Calcenurin is involved in the activation of  

T cells

2- Calcenurin is inhibited by



Cyclosporin

3- Rheumatoid factors are directed against 

Allotypic antibodies

Be sure to know the following. We had good questions about these topics but I don’t remember the m: 1- differences between primary and secondary immune responses. 2- The concept of bystander activation 3- markers of different cell types especially newly discovered cells like NK-T cells.

1) Which of the of the following lymphocyteshas the highest concentrationin blood:

a- CD4+ CD8b- CD4- CD8+ c- CD4+ CD8+ d- CD4- CD82) Which of the of the following vaccines is administeredorally:

a-pollo-salk b- polio – sabin c- smallpox d- hepatitis B e- a+b 3) Which of the of the following is not a part of the of the Ig gene superfamily

a- Ig heavy chain b- T cell receptor a chain c- B cell receptor (signal transduction) d- B + C e- None of the above 4) Which of the of the following Igs has the lowest serum concentration:

a- A b- G

c- M

d-D

e- E

5) Which of the of the following Igs can cross the placenta:

a- A b-G

c-M

d-B+C ee- all of the above

6) Hyper IgM syndrome is due to a defect in:

a- CD40L b- CD40 c- B cell receptor d- T cell cell rec recep epto torr e- M cha chain in 7) Which of the of the following is required in T cell maturatuin a- IL 1 b- IL 4

c- IL 5 d- IL 7

e- IL 9

8) Hereditaryangloedemais Hereditary angloedemais due to deficiency of : of :

a- C4 bindi indin ng protein tein b- C1 inhi inhib bito itor

c-C1 c-C1

d- C4 e- None of the above Answers : 1-a 2-e

3-e

4-e

5-b

6-a

7-d

8-b

10) All of the of the following play a role in promoting the processof  process of apoptosis apoptosis except: 

bcl2 activation

11) A memory B cell has all of the of the following markers on its surface except: 

IgM (it has only the switched one IgG)

12) All the following cells has an antigen receptor on their surface except: 

Plasma cell (its function is only producing antibodies)

13) In screening for effective bone marrow transplantationwith hematopoietic stem cell w hich of the of the following markers should be targeted as the cells can be identified by the FACS machine: 

CD34

14) Which of the of the following is the crucial step in the ADCC mechanismof  mechanism of cell cell killing? 

the presence of FC gamma receptor on the killer cell.

15) Which of the of the following immune mechanismsutilizes mannan binding lectin in their killi ng process? 

Complement system

16) In western Immunoblo Immu noblotting ttingtechniquehorsera dishperoxid dishperoxid ase(HRP) ase(HRP) enzymeis bound to which of the of the

following 

secondary antibody

17) Which of the of the following cells fail to home to secondarylymphoid secondary lymphoid organs because they la ck homing ck homing adhesion molecules ? 

The memory cells ( they go to blood and tissue when ----- cells go to secondary lymphoid organs)

18) What is the best immune cenario of two of two different epitopes A and B, entering the body f  or the first time?



Predetermined A specificity and predetermined B specificity alone (clonal selection theory, there

is no receptor on B cell which has 2 specificities at the same time for the two epitopes) 1) Which of the of the followingevasivemechanismis followingevasivemechanismis used by herpesviruses herpes virusesin in order not no t to be det ected by the

immune system 

Interfere with the synthesis of class I MHC Ag inside the cell.

2) If an If an HLA- B1 cell is transplantedin an HLA-B5 fetus during the embryogenesisperiod, w hich of the of the following scenarios is going to happen 

During embryogenesis period there is a development of T-cell, So any cell is going to be recogni

zed as foreign, and when we transplant B1 cell at embryo at the time of embryogenesis or development t hen it will be recognized as self, so the anti-B1cells in the thymus will be deleted and B1 will be accepted. 3) All of the of the following are consideredas considered as phagocyticcells phagocytic cells except 

the natural killer cells

4) Which of the of the following Immunoglobulinsfaile to agglutinatespecific antigenic determin nt on the surface of cell of cell 

IgM treated with a papaine enzyme

5) In the synthesis of monoclonalantibodies of monoclonalantibodies the hybredomaconsist hybredomaconsist of  

Specific B cells fused with non specific myeloma cells

6) Which of the of the following Immunoglobulinshas a receptor on the surface of NK  of NK cells cells 

IgG

7) In the primaryimmuneresponsethe gene rearran rea rrange gemen menttof the of the heavy chain starts with th e bindingof  binding of  

D to J

8) Somatic Hyper mutation involves the productionof  production of a a receptor of high of high affinity this involv es: 

the v region of the heavy and light chains and the region of the alpha and beta chain.

9) Super antigens: 

Bind to B chain of the T cell receptor and to class II MHC

27) A new born baby has class I MHC haptotype as : A1A3 B5B10 C1C9, born to a mother who has a haptotype of A of A2A3 r of this of this baby? 

B7B10

C4C9, which of the of the following haptotypescould be the fathe

A5A1, B5B8, C1C5 ( the baby inherit one from the father and one from the mother, it is a codom

inant

type of inheritance {i.e. the baby has A1A3 then A3 from the mother and A1 from the father} 28) Restrictionin Restriction in Ag presentationinvolves: 

T cell receptor recognises non-self Ag in association with self MHC.

29) Polymorphismamong the MHC allelic forms involves the structural area of : of : 

The a1,a2 domains in class I (the area of Ag presentation)

30) During the secondary immune response class switching involves the formation of any of any o f these f these immunoglobulinsexcept: IgM,

IgD

31) I TAMS (immunereceptor (immune receptor Tyrosin- based activation motif) are presentin present in all of the of the follo wing chains except 

T-cell receptor (the B-chain of T-cell receptor)

32) CD19 :

- Is present on naieve B cell - Could not be recognized in any T-cell subset - Can be targeted as B-cell marker for the FACS machine  all of the above

19) All of the of the following proteins are part of the of the (ptk) enzyme system involved in the signali ng of T-cell of T-cell through I TAMS phosphorylationexcept: 

bcl2

20) The cytoplasmicprotein needed for the formation of a of a complexwith complex with cyclosporinea in o rder for the drug to work by work by finally inhibiting the formation of IL2 of IL2 in T-helper cell is: 

The immunophilines (it bind to cyclosporine a to inhibit calcenurin from working)

21) Which of the of the following lymphokinereceptor is defective in patient with severe combine d immunodeficiencysyndrome: 

IL7, IL2, IL4

22) A memory cell has all the following markers on its surface except: 

IgM

23) Oral tolerance is mainly mediated by being exposedto exposed to large oral dose of an of an antigen, w hich of the of the following lymphocytesis involved in this process: Naieve

T-vell T-vell from gamma,delta type

24) Which of the of the following is or are involved in receptor editing in order not to bind self Ag self Ag and form an autoimmunedisease? 

the variable light genes in T-cell receptor

25) In negative selectionof  selection of T-cells T-cells in thymus gland occurs during cell developmentof whic developmentof whic h of the of the following stages 

the double positive stage

26) All of the of the following play a role in apoptosis except: 

Bcl2 activation (repeated question)

MATCHING:

-Severe combined immuneodificiency disease  RAG1 and RAG2 - Hyper IgM syndrome  CD154 - Digeorge syndrome



Tetany

- Multiple M ultiple sclero sclerosis sis



increased TH1 Activity

- Toxic shock syndrome - CD80



CD28

- CD40



CD154



Super antigen

- ICAM LFA1 - LCK  CD4

TRUE AND TRUE AND FALSE

1) If an If an antibody is cross reactive with an antigen, it implies that it does have a lower sensitiv ity compared to an antibody that is not cross reactive. 

False (cuz sensitivity will not be affected by cross reaction, but the specificity will be lower, because

we are talking about false positive) 2) Diversity in the light chain (lambda) is 4 times more than that lf (kappa) lf (kappa) chain because we have 4 different types of lambda of lambda 

False (the constant region has nothing to do with diversity)

3) Alteredpeptideligand Alteredpeptideligandvaccine,althoughit vaccine,althoughit sometimescould lead to receptoractivationbut receptoractivationbutit it

provides suppressionof T-helper suppressionof T-helper cells instead of proliferationand of proliferationand differentiation 

TRUE

4) If the If the thymusgland thymus gland is removedimmediatelyafter birth, Then the baby'sresponseto baby's responseto viral inf  ection will be impaired. 

False (nothing will occur after removing the thymus gland unless we ------- the baby)

5) If TH2 If TH2 is diffected then Isotype switchingIgE switching IgE will be affected. 

True ( because TH2 provide B cell with IL2,I4,I5 responsible for isotype switching)

6) Allelic exclusionphenomenaimplies exclusion phenomenaimplies the expressionof  expression of one one allotype on immunoglobulinand T cell Bchain only.

Part #2 1. An example of innate immunity is: a. Antibody production by plasma cells. b. Antigen removal by cilia in the t he respiratory tract. c. Complement activation by antibody bound to the surface of a bacteriu m. d. Memory response to influenza virus. e. Recognition and killing of virus infected cells by cytotoxic T cells. Answer:b 2. Humoral immunity can be acquired passively by: a. Catching a virus from a friend by shaking hands. b. Receiving a vaccine of influenza virus grown in eggs. c. Receiving serum from someone who recovered from an infection. d. Receiving leukocytes from an immune family member. e. Sharing a soda with someone who has a cold. Answer:c 3. The antibiotic penicillin is small molecules that dose not induce antibod y formation. However, penicillin binds to serum proteins and forms a complex that in some people induces antibod y formation, resulting in an allergic reaction. Penicillin is therefore: a. An antigen. b. A hapten. c. An immunogen. d. Both a and b e. Both a and c answer:d 4. For specific antigen recognition by T cells: a. Ant Antig igen en is bou bound nd a T‐cell ell membrane antibody. b. Denaturation of antigen dose not reduces epitope recognition. c. Developing T cells must be exposed to the antigen. d. MHC molecules molecules are not required. required. e. Soluble antigen is bound directly without processing

answer:a 5. Effector functions of complement include all of the following except: a. Attracting phagocytes to the site of infection. b. Faci Facilita litating ting phagoc phagocyto ytosis sis of comp complem lement ent‐coated coated bacteria. c. Increasing blood vessels permeability to plasma proteins. d. Lysing bacterial cells. e. Presenting antigen to B cells. Answer:e 6. Antigen epitopes recognized by ______________ tend to be  ____________. a. B cells; highly accessible sites on the exposed exposed surface of antigen. b. Cytotoxic T cells; highly accessible sites on the exposed surface of the t he antigen. c. Complement; highly accessible sites on the surface of APC. d. Helper T cells; associated with MHC class I on infected inf ected cells. e. Macrophages; associated with MHC class II on APCs.

7. Which statement about antigen epitopes is false? a. An epitope may be shared by two different antigens. b. A protein molecule usually contains multiple epitopes. c. B cells bind only processed antigen epitopes. d. Epitopes may be linear or assembled. e. Some epitopes are more immunogenic that others answer:c 8. Phagocytosis: a. Can be stimulated by antigen ant igen binding to complement or antibody. antibody. b. Is Is an an ant antig igen en‐spec speciific fic process. c. Must be preceded by antigen processing. d. Rid Rids s the the bod body y of viru virus s‐infe infect cted ed cells. e. Only occurs after plasma cells begin secreting antibody answer:a

9. Jenner observed that milkmaids who were infected with cowpox were later immune to smallpox infections. This an example of a(n): a. Acquired immunity of barriers skin cells. b. Act Activ ive e immu immuni niza zati tion on with with a non non‐re rele leat ated ed organism that causes similar symptoms. c. Innate immunity of milkmaids to smallpox. d. Me Memo mory ry re resp spon onse se to a cro cross ss‐re reac acti tive antigen. e. Passive immunization from contact with cow’s milk antibodies. Answer:d 10. ELISA: a. Detect agglutination of cells by antibodies specific specific for cell surface antigen. b. Use Uses s is isotop otope e‐lab labeled led antibodies to detect extremely small amounts of  antigen. c. Is used to isolate cell populations or proteins (including antibodies). d. Uses ses enzy enzym me‐linke nked anti IgG to detect serum antibody to specific antigen. e. None of the above. Answer:d 11. All specific lymphocytes have surface molecules that serve as specific receptors for  the antigen for  which that lymphocyte is specific. In the case of  the B-lymphocyte, this surface receptor  has a molecular  configuration that is virtually identical to which one of  the following?

a. A cytokine. b. An MHC molecule. c. The The anti antige gen n for for whi which ch tha thatt B‐lymp lympho hocy cyte te is specific (known as complementary configuration). d. An antibody molecule. Answer:d 12. B cell maturation occurs in: a. The thymus. b. The bone marrow. c. The lymph nodes.

d. The spleen. e. The peyer’s patches. Answer:b

13. 13. Ant Antib ibod ody y cros cross s‐rea eact ctiv ivit ity y is demonstrated by antibody binding to: a. Cell surface marker. b. A hapten. c. A hapten‐carrier complex. d. An antigen that is structurally similar to the immunogen. e. The immunogen. Answer:d 14. Which of the following is an example of passive acquired immunity? a. Antibodies secreted in breast milk. b. An Anti‐snake bite serum. c. A tetanus shot. d. Antibodies genertated by catching a cold. e. Antibodies transferred through the placenta. Answer: b 15. A component that facilitates f acilitates phagocytosis when bound to a microorganism: a. Antigen. b. KDO c. Capsule d. Opsonins e. bactoprenol answer: d 16. immunoglobulin classes may not be distinguished distinguished by the type of: a. Light chain they possess. b. Carbohydrate on their light chain. c. Constant regions in their light chain. d. Heavy chains they posses. e. None of the above.

Answer: a 17. The constant regions in heavy chains determine: a. Fc receptor binding. b. Conformation of the binding site to the t he epitope. c. Affinity of the complement receptors. d. Interaction of the Fab Fab with cytokines. e. None of the above. Answer: a

18. Serum from an AB positive, Rh negative patient agglutinates red bloo d cells from a patient who is Rh negative. What is likely blood type is the second patient? a. It can’t be determined from the information provided. b. Type A c. Type B d. Type O e. Type AB answer: a

19. In the early stage of a primary immune response, dendritic cells cells prese nt antigen to helper T cells. In this process, to which protein are antigen fragments fr agments bound? a. Membrane IgM & IgD. b. IgG bound to plasma membrane FcRγ receptor. c. IgE bound to plasma membrane FcRε receptor. d. Class I MHC e. Class II MHC answer: e

20. Breast‐fed infants have fewer intestinal infections than do infants fed on cow’s milk, because of 

protection provided by antibodies in breast milk. Of what isotype are the majority of these protective antibodies? a. IgA b. IgG c. IgM d. IgD e. IgE answer: a 21. doesn't fix complement a) IgG2  b) IgG3 c) IgG4 d) IgG1 answer:c 22. elimination of  bacteria of  bacteria  by opsonization a) neutralization of  bacterial of  bacterial toxin  b) recognition of  bacteria of  bacteria  bound antibodies  by Fc receptor  on macrophage c)  prevention of  bacteria of  bacteria adhesion to endothelial cell d)  binding antibodies Fc on  bacteria e) class 1 MHC antigen answer  :  b 23.MHC I and MHC II a) Constituvely expressed  by most cells in the  b) expressed  by Macrophage and dentritic cell c) Constituvely associated  –  hapten d) Expressed  –  INF gamma 28) Injecting Complement C killing antigen-Ab in  patient lacks C3 Answer:  b 24. Which one has J chain? a) IgD, IgA2  b) IgG2, IgE c) IgE, IgM d) IgG3, IgA1 e) IgA1, IgM

answer: e 25.  Not found on mature resting T cell a) CD5  b) MHC II c) MHC I d) CD2 e) CD3 answer:  b 26. Recognition receptor  functions as secreted receptor  a) Mannan  binding lectin  b) CD 14 c) Toll like receptor  answer: a 27. Ab destruction  by  pepsin yields a) (F(ab'))2 fragments

28. Which is wrong concerning epitopes? a) Epitope is always immunogenic 29. Allelic exclusion EXCEPT a) On one B lymphocyte you may find  both a and  b heavy chains 30. Immunogenic means a) Stimulates the immune system

31. In a non-emergency situation, a patient of blood type A requires requires transfusion of plasma. Person of  which ABO types would be regarded as compatible donors? A. Either A or O. B. Either B or O. C. Either B or AB. D. Either A or AB. E. Either AB or O. Answer:a

32. In an immune response immunoglobulin immunoglobulin genes undergo somatic so matic mutation. What is the goal of this somatic mutation? A. Increase in antibody affinity. B. Antibody class switching (for example, from IgM to IgG). C. Allow a single b cell to produce antibody antibody of several isotypes. D. Change in type of light chain produced produced (from kappa to lambda or the th e reverse). E. Production of anti-class IIMHC antibodies. Answer: a 33. The blood bank lab report indicates that a patient is Rh-positive. Whic h interpretation of these statements is most accurate?  A.

The  patient’s  patient’s  plasma contains IgG antibodies to the Rh0 (D) antigen. B. The  patient’s  patient’s  plasma contains IgM antibodies to the Rh0 (D) antigen. C. The  patient’s  patient’s erythrocytes carry the Rh0 (D) antigen. D. The  patient’s  patient’s erythrocytes lack  the Rh0 (D) antigen Answer: c

34. In the laboratory a serological reagent,  prepared from serum of  a single donor, was found to  bind a multivalent antigen with high affinity, cross-link  antigen to form  precipitate, and, when  bound to antigen, activate complement. Which  phrase would  best describe the structure of  this reagent? a. Fab fragment of  IgG.  b. Fc fragment of  IgG. c. (Fab’) 2 fragment of  IgG. d. Intact IgG. Answer: d 35. What  process was most responsible for  the increase in antibody affinity and avidity? a. Random splicing of  V/D/J segments of  heavy-chain genes and v/j segments of  light chain.  b. Excision of  constant-region exons from DNA, so that assembled heavychain variable-region exons  becomes adjacent to constant-region exons of  different DNA sequence.

c. Random addition of  nucleotides at V/D and D/J splice  junctions of  heavychain genes and V/J splice  junction of  light-chain genes. d. Mutations of  variable domain exons of  heavy and light chains, followed  by selection for  the ability to  bind epitopes. Answer: d

36. J-chains are not associated with: a. IgG.  b. Polymeric immunoglobulins (more than two Fab’s). c. Secretory IgA. d. IgM. e.  None of  the above. Answer: a 37. Actively acquired immunity is not the result of: a. Transfer  of  bone of  bone marrow from one individual to another.  b. Immunization with a vaccine. c. Exposure to an individual who has an infectious disease. d. A  physician administering a gamma globulin shot to someone who has had a needle stick  (immunoglobulins). e. A & D answer:d

38. IgD antibody functions as: a. Antigen receptors on immature t cell.  b. An ADCC receptors of  NK  of  NK  cells. c. A hormone receptor  on  NK  cells. d. A trigger  of  the complement cascade. e.  None of  the above. Answer: e 39. Antibody affinity is  primarily determined  by the amino acid sequence in: a. The constant regions of  the immunoglobulin molecule.  b. The variable regions of  the immunoglobulin molecule. c. The Fc of  the immunoglobulin molecule.

d. The  j-chain. e.  None of  the above. Answer:b

40. The antigen  presenting cell: a. May  be a dendritic cell in the skin.  b. Is not a T cell. c. Produces cytokines which influence the adaptive response. d. Processes antigen  prior  to  presentation to the T cell. e. All of  the above. Answer: e 41.  NK  cells recognize tumor  cells using: a. Pattern recognition receptors.  b. Antibody-like receptors. c. Complement receptors. d. A homing mechanism. e.  None of  the above. Answer:a

42. After  isotype switching, IgM and IgG can  be  produced in which variable domains of  heavy and light chains, and constant domains of  light chains, are identical,  but constant domains of  heavy chains differ. Which statement  below about such  pairs of  antibodies is most likely to  be true? a. IgM will have lower  affinity than IgG.  b. IgM will have higher  affinity than IgG. c. IgM will  be capable of  activating complement,  but IgG will not. d. IgM molecules will  be smaller  than IgG molecules. e. IgM and IgG will molecules will  bind different epitopes. Answer:c 43. Many isolates of  the  bacterium  Neisseria meningitides can  produce mucosal infections  but cannot survive in the  bloodstream. Cells of  such  bacteria are killed  by contact with cell-free  plasma or  serum, even from  persons who have never  previously never  previously  been exposed to  Neisseria. Which mechanism is most likely to  be responsible for  the

killing? a. Activation of  complement  by the alternate  pathway.  pathway.  b. Activation of  complement  by the classical  pathway.  pathway. c. Binding of  IgG. d. Binding of  IgM. e. Binding of  IgA. Answer:a

44. Once H chain genes have  been  productively rearranged and expressed on the  pre-B cell membrane, the next event to occur  in the cell is: a. Death of  cells  binding self  antigen.  b. Expression of  membrane IgD. c. Expression of  membrane IgM. d. Proliferation of  the  pre-b cells. e. Somatic recombination of  light chain genes. Answer: e

45. Pepsin digestion of  an IgG antibody against tetanus toxoid will: a. Result in loss of  the ability to form a lattice with the toxoid.  b. Produce two Fab molecules & one Fc fragment c. Produce a (Fab)2 molecule & loss of  the ability of  the Fc fragment to  bind to macrophages. d. Loss of  the L chain e. Loss of  the C1 heavy chain constant domain answer: c 46. The most important Ig  protecting a 1-month-old  baby is: a. IgM  b. IgG c. IgA d. IgE e. IgD answer:  b 47. An advantage of  adaptive recognition over  innate recognition is that it: a. Faster   b. Cannot result in the recognition of  the  body's own tissues

c. Triggers an inflammatory response d. Targets specific strains of  potentia of  potentiall  pathogens e. Requires less energy to  produce the defensive response answer: d

48. During heavy chain splicing,  N-nucleotides addition occurs in: a. The  junction  between the J region & the constant region.  b. The  junction  between V & D &  between D & J region. c. the nucleotides  between the exons coding for  the membrane-spanning region of  the constant chain and the rest of  the chain: d. A & B above e. A, B & C

49. Early induced immune responses are like adaptive immunity in that they: a. Are antigen specific.  b. Demonstrate immune memory. c. Involve macrophages & complement. d. Involve T & B lymphocytes. e. Use  presynthesized  proteins that can  be released quickly upon cell activation. Answer:e 50. Severe combined immunodficiency disease is most likely to exhibit the characteristic (s): a. A genetic defect in the  NADPH oxidase system  b. A loss in the enzyme adenosine deaminase c. A triad of  thrombocytopenia, eczema, & recurrent infections. d. An absence of  T cells, hypocalcemia, & tetany. e. Requires the chemokines CCR-5 fro the disease to  progress. f. A defect in the transition from  pre-B cells to B cels. g. A selective loss in IgA levels. 51. Which of  the following statements about a secondary (memory) antibody response is FALSE? a. The secondary response comes from memory B cells.  b. The secondary response is faster. c. The secondary response is  primary IgM

d. The secondary response  produces more immunoglobulins than the  primary response. Answer:c

52. A 20-year-old college student working  part-time in a  pediatric AIDS clinic develops a viral exanthem with a rash. Her  blood Her  blood is drawn & tested for  specific antibodies to varicella-zoster  (chickenpox). Anti-varicella immunoglobulin  belonging  belonging to which of  the following antibody classes would indicate that she is immune to chickenpox? a. IgA  b. IgD c. IgE d. IgG e. IgM answer:d

53. An IgG2 molecule is composed of  which of  the following? a. One alpha, one gamma2, & two kappa chains  b. One gamma1 chain & two kappa chains c. Two gamma1 chains & one kappa & one lambda chain d. Two gamma 1 chains & two kappa chains e. Two gamma 2 chains & two kappa chains answer:e 54. The small amounts of  immune complexes which form in healthy individuals are normally removed in a  process involving Fc receptors expressed  by: a. Macrophages.  b. PMNs c. B cells d. RBCs e. Mast cells 55. The antigen-specific receptors of  B lymphocytes contain only a single: a. Polypeptide chain  b. Hypervariable region

suggests a malignancy involving: a. Bone marrow derived lymphocyte

suggests a malignancy involving: a. Bone marrow derived lymphocyte s (myeloma) c. Site for  antigen  binding d. Constant domain

 b. Placental trophoblast cells (chorio carcinoma) c. Thymus derived lymphocytes (leu

e.  None of  the above answer: e

kemia) d. Stromal cells of  the lung (mesoth elioma)

56. Which of  the following is true?

e. Liver  hepatocytes (hepatoma)

a. Antibodies are composed of  4 id

answer: a

entical  polypeptide chains. 58. Superantigens are:  b. Hypervariable regions are  primar  a. Bacterial  polysaccharides. ily found on the Fc  portion of  the  b. Able to activate all T cells. antibody  protein. c. Antigens that do not require  proce c. T cell receptor  & membrane  bou ssing &  presentation for  T cell nd immunoglobulins have identical structures.

activation. d. Able to induce B cell differentiati

d. The antigen  binding site is found on without T cell help on the Fab region of  the e. All of  the above. immunoglobulin molecule. e. The Fc  portion of  the T cell rece  ptor  confers antigen specificity. Answer:d

57. The detection of  high & sustain ed levels of  a monoclonal antibody in the serum of  a  patient most often

Answer:c

**it include chapters 8 & 9** 1)The MHC-encoded antigen receptors function by: a-Binding antibody to the antigen depot. b-Binding complement c-Ensuring that antigen presenting cells interact with T  cells d-A and c e-None of the above ans: c

2)In the early stage of primary immune response , dendritic cells present antigen to helper T cells T  cells . in this process , to which protein are antigen fragments bound: a-Membrane IgM & IgD. b-IgG bound to plasma membrane FcRy receptor c-IgE bound to plasma membrane FcRe receptor d-Class 1 MHC e-Class 2 MHC ans:e 3)HLA molecules : a-Discriminate between self &non-self b-Present processed antigen to T cells T  cells of the same HLA types.

c-Are highly polymorphic d-Control susceptibility to certain immunologic disorders . e-Are characterized by each of the above. Ans: e 4)Class 2 HLA molecules : a-present peptidic epitopes to CD4+ T helper T  helper cells. b-present peptidic epitopes to CD8+ T helper T  helper cells. c-Are encoded by the gene regions DP, DQ , DR d-Appear on the membranes of most nuclested cells e-Are characterized by each of the above . ans: c 5)the rejection of allograft can be slowed or prevented by: a-careful matching of the MHC-class1 histocompatibility antigens using antibodies too the cell surface molecules. b-By grafting a privileged site c-By treating the recipient with immunosuppressive drugs d-By passive immunization of the recipient with antibodies against the MHC class 2 antigens of the donor e-All or none of the above f-A+b but not c+d ans: e 6)MHC 1 and MHC 2 : a-Constituvely expressed by most cells in the body b-Expressed by macrophage and dendritic cells c-Constitutively associated – hapten d-Expressed- INF gamma

e-Injecting complement C killing antigen Ab in patient lacks C3 ans: b 7)Not found in mature resting T cell T  cell : a-CD5 b-MHC 2 c-MHC1 d-CD2 e-CD3 ans: b 8)HLA-B35 and HLA-A2 REFER TO: a-2 alleles found in 1 locus b-2 alleles found in 2 loci on chromosome 6 ans: b 9)Autoimmune disease a-Shows HLA association b-Run a steady clinical course c-Affect both sexes equally d-Are triggered by different antigen in different individuals ans: a

questions of the rest of the lectures:

1) function similar to stem cell factor (SCF) a) Il-1 b) Il-7

c) Il-4 d) Il-2 e) Il-5 ans:b/ch12

2) CD 4 molecules a) ….Tyrosine kinase b) Cannot be expressed on surface of cytotoxic T cell T  cell c) Include cytoplasmic domain that has tyrosine kinase activity d) Can interact with MHC – I on the B cell if CD 4 molecules is expressed on surface of cytotoxic T cell T  cell ans:b/ch12 3) Signal transduction of B cell involves all except a) Zeta b) Ig alpha

c) Ig beta d) Syk e) Tyrosine kinase as answered:a

4) CD 19 marker is found on all of these except a) Hematopietic stem cell b) Mature B cell c) Pro B cell d) Pre B cell e) Immature B cell ans:a/ch12

4) Hematopoietic stem cells are pluripotent, which mean that they: a. Are antigen‐specific cells. b. Are capable of developing into any blood cells. c. Are committed to produce cells of single lineage. d. Are not‐self renewing. e. Will develop into T and T  and B lymphocytes of many different antigen specificities. Ans:b/ch12

5) Primary lymphoid organs: a. Are efficient in exposing T cells T  cells to foreign antigen presented on dendritic cells. b. Are the primary site of antibody synthesis and release. c. Filter blood and trap blood borne antigens. d. Provide the microenvironment for maturation of T & T  & B cells. e. Line the mucosal surfaces of the body for efficient antigen contact. Ans:bch13

6) Lymphocytes are activated by antigen in the: a. Blood stream. b. Bone marrow. c. Liver. d. Lymph nodes. e. Skin. Ans:d/ch13

7)B cell maturation occurs in: a. The thymus. b. The bone marrow.

c. The lymph nodes. d. The spleen. e. The peyer’s patches. Ans:b/ch13

8) A patient is diagnosed with Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia. Which aspect of the immune‐system histology would be you be  you except to be normal? a. Concentration of surface‐Ig positive lymphocytes in peripheral blood. b. Primary factor in lymph nodes. c. Germinal centers in lymph nodes. d. Number of plasma cells in bone marrow. e. Cellularity of paracortical areas of lymph nodes. Ans:e/ch11

9)IgE binding to mast cells is mediated by: a. Fc-dependent cellular homing mechanisms. b. Sensitization of mast cells and basophils. c. Fc receptors specific for IgE. d. ICAMs. e. None of the above.

Ans:c/ch12

10)CD34 is a marker for: a. Th1 cells b. Th2 cells c. Gamma-delta T cell T  cell receptor d. B cells e. Stem cells Ans: e/ch12

11)Src kinase activity is activated by: a. Recruitment to a receptor b. Phosphorylation of a tyrosin group in the active site c. Phosphorylation of ITAM group d. Phosphorylation by Csk to cause a protein folding event e. De-phosphorylation of a regulatory tyrosine phosphate in the active site ans:a/ch11

12)Lymphocyte recirculation is involved in: a. Bringing together antigen & rare antigen-specific lymphocytes. b. Homing of effector Tc to a virus infection site. c. Homing of naïve T cells T  cells to T-cell areas in the lymph nodes. d. Movement of mature T & T  & B cells from the primary to secondary lymphoid organs. e. All of the above. Ans:e/ch13

13)Btk gene defect result in: a. X-linked agammaglobulinemia & is characterized by B cell maturation arrest at the pre B cell stage b. Failure of T cell T  cell maturation. c. Non-expression of this defect in carrier females due to the inactivation of the defective X chromosome. d. Inactive signal transduction inducing T cell T  cell development. e. All of the above. Ans:a/ch11

14)Which of the following statements about CR2 (CD21) is/are correct?

a. It promotes dissociation of C3 convertase. b. It is expressed on the surface of follicular Dendritic cells. c. It acts as a cofactor for Factor I d. It is expressed on the surface of mature B cells e. It contributes to phagocytosis of opsonized particles by macrophages & neutrophils ans:d/ch11

15) All induces memory except a) IL-2 b) CD28 and B7 c) ….on class II MHC to B cell d) CD40 / CD40L e) Crosslinking of B cell with polymeric antigen ans:e/ch14

16) CD 19 marker is found on all of these except a) Hematopietic stem cell b) Mature B cell c) Pro B cell d) Pre B cell

ans:a/ch14

17) During B-cell development the rearrangement in Ig loci a) DH to JH, DJ to VH, VL to JL

18) Activation of mature B cell requires two signals a) An antigen and T cell T  cell help b) TCR occupancy and T cell T  cell help c) Antigen and cytokines d) TCR occupancy and cytokines Ans:c/ch14

19) Causes tolerance rather the immunity a) Insoluble antigen b) Heterologous antigen c) Particulate antigen d) Antigen injected subcutaneously e) Injecting antigen to fetus in development Ans:e/ch14

20) Pro‐B cells are characterized by:

a. Expression of surrogate immunoglobulin light chain. b. Expression of TCRs. c. Expression of c‐kit. d. Expression of IgM. e. None of the above. Ans:a

21) Select the false statement regarding the Pre B‐cell receptor: a. It is composed by Ig heavy chain, surrogate light chain, and Igα/Igβ b. It is expressed on the Pre‐B cells. c. Enables the Pre‐B cell to proceed to maturation. d. Its surrogate chain “replaces” the immunoglobulin light chain. e. It remains expressed at low levels in mature B cells. Ans:e

22) B cells usually require T cell T  cell help to mature plasma cells because: a. T cells T  cells present antigen to them. b. Most b cells in the circulation need thymic hormones secreted by the antigen presenting cell to mature to

plasma cell. c. T cells T  cells produce cytokines that enhance their responsiveness to antigen. d. All of the above. e. None of the above. Ans:c/ch14

23) Once H chain genes have been productively rearranged and expressed on the pre-B cell membrane, the next event to occur in the cell is: a. Death of cells binding self antigen. b. Expression of membrane IgD. c. Expression of membrane IgM. d. Proliferation of the pre-b cells. e. Somatic recombination of light chain genes. Ans:e

24) Th The e developmental step that commits a cell to the B lineage is: a. Expression of both membrane IgM and IgD. b. Expression of membrane μ chain. c. Expression of membrane recombinase enzyme.

d. Joining of a VH gene segment to a DH gene segment. e. Joining of a DH gene segment to a JH gene segment. Ans:e

25) B cell differentiation begins with the expression of: a. Membrane μ chain + surrogate L chain. b. Membrane IgD. c. Membrane IgM. d. germ line IgM. e. RAG-1, RAG-2 and TdT. Ans:a

26) Lymphocyte recirculation is involved in: a. Bringing together antigen & rare antigen-specific lymphocytes. b. Homing of effector Tc to a virus infection sit. c. Homing of naïve T cells T  cells to T-cell areas in the lymph nodes. d. Movement of mature T & T  & B cells from the primary to secondary lymphoid organs. e. All of the above. Ans:e

development is correct? a. Heavy chain VH-DH-JH rearrangement b 27) Which of the follo

egins at the pre-B

wing statements about

cell stage.

B cell maturation (generation) is TRUE? A. It requires antigen. B. Pro-B cells have IgG & IgM on their surfac e. C. It requires stromal cells & IL-7 & occurs i n the lymph node. D. The mature B cells have IgM & IgD on its surface. Ans:d

28) Which of the follo wing statements about B cell

b. The surrogate light chain is expressed by immature B cells. c. At the immature stage, B cells express I gM & IgD d. Light chain VL-JL rearrangement begins at the small pre-B cell stage. e. The light chain loci are not subject to all elic exclusion ans:c

QUESTIONS TEAM……

Cytokine important in control dissemination of  M. leprosy a) TNF-alpha

Cytokine important in control dissemination of  M. leprosy a) TNF-alpha  b) IL-4 c) IL8 d)Th2 cytokines e) IL-5 answer  :d Difference  between  primary and secondary immune response except a) antig- C needed <  primary response  b)  binding affinities much lower  than  primary response c) Lag  phase is higher  than  primary response d) Concentration of  IgG is much higher  than  primary e) Concentration of  IgM is the same as in  primary answer  :  b Which one is false? a) Mast cell : IL 12  b) TH2 : IL6 c) TH1 : INF gamma d) Eosinophil : IL 5 answer  : a

Activation of  mature B cell requires two signals a) An antigen and T cell help  b) TCR  occupancy and T cell help??? c) Antigen and cytokines??? d) TCR  occupancy and cytokines answer  : c

M. tuberculosis is  best eliminated  by a) TNF alpha  b) IL-4 c) IL-5 d) IL-8 answer  : a

Restriction means a) The recognition of  self  MHC with antigen  by T cells

Restriction means a) The recognition of  self  MHC with antigen  by T cells answer  : a

Development of  CD8+ T cells could occur  normally in the absence of: a.

HLA‐DR  genes.

 b. RAG‐1 & RAG‐2 c. Self ‐ peptides. d. Tapsa apsain in and calnexin. e.

TAP‐1 & TAP‐2

Positive and negative selection of  T cells: a. Involve different MHC molecules.  b. Involve different  peptides. c. Must involve signals that differ  either  in amount or  in type. d. Occur  in the same thymus microenvironment. e. Result in T cells which can never  recognize self  antigen. Which of  the following statement is true of  TH1 cells: a. TH1 cells secrete IL‐4.  b. TH1 cells help induce IgE  producƟon  by B cells. c. TH1 cells sƟmulate Eosinophil acƟvaƟon. d. TH1 cells secretes interferon gamma. Which of  the following statement is true of  TH2 cells: a.

TH2 cells secrete IL‐4 & IL‐10.  b. TH2 cells secrete GM‐CSF. c. TH2 cells are responsible for  cytotoxic T cell (TC) activation. d. None of  the above statements are true. Which of  the following  best describes “positive selection” of  T cells? a. Sele Select ctio ion n for  cells whose T cell receptors are capable of  binding of  binding antigenic  peptides.  b. Selection for  cells whose T cell receptors are capable of  binding of  binding self ‐ peptides. c. Selection for  cells able to  bind immunoglobulins.

d. e.

Sele Select ctio ion n of  cells whose T cell receptors are capable of  binding of  binding self ‐MHC molecules. Selec electi tion on for  cells capable of  rejecting foreign MHC molecules.

d. e.

Sele Select ctio ion n of  cells whose T cell receptors are capable of  binding of  binding self ‐MHC molecules. Selec electi tion on for  cells capable of  rejecting foreign MHC molecules.

Which of  the following  best describes “negative selection” of  T cells? a. Sele Select ctio ion n against cells whose T cell receptor  are capable of  binding of  binding self ‐MHC.  b. Selection against cells whose T cell receptor  having high affinity for  self ‐ peptide and/or  self  MHC molecules. c. Selection against cells that do not  present MHC molecules. d. Sele Select ctio ion n against whose T cell receptors are not able to  bind antigenic  peptides. e. Selec electi tion on against cells whose MHC molecules  bind self ‐ peptides with high affinity. B cells usually require T cell help to mature  plasma cells  because: a. T cells  present antigen to them.  b. Most  b cells in the circulation need thymic hormones secreted  by the antigen  presenting cell to mature to  plasma cell. c. T cells produce cytokines that enhance their  responsiveness to antigen. d. All of the above. e.  None of  the above. answer  : c

Defense against viral infections requires a  balance  between humoral and cell mediated immunity, as reflected in the relative activities of  th1 and th2 cells. Overproduction of  which cytokine should lead to relative  predominance of  cell-mediated immunity? a. IFN-γ b. IL-4. c. IL-1. d. IL-8. e. IL-2 answer  : a

Which interleukin is necessary for  the switch to IgE  production: a. 1  b. 2 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6 Activation of  T helper  cells  by antigen-presenting cells requires: a. CD2  b. CD3 c. CD4 d. CD28 e. Each of the above is required.

A major  marker  retained on all  peripheral  peripheral T cells is: a. CD3  b. CD4 c. CD8 d.

IL-1

e. IL-2

CD34 is a marker  for: a. Th1 cells  b. Th2 cells c. Gamma-delta

T

cell

receptor  d. B cells e. Stem cells

Which of  the following statements about a secondary (memory) antibody response is FALSE? a. The secondary response comes from memory B cells.  b. The secondary response is faster. c. The secondary response is  primary IgM d.

The secondary response  produces more immunoglobulins than the  primary response.

Tuberculoid leprosy is characterized  by all EXCEPT: a. Externisve cell-mediated response to Mycobacterium leprae  b. High levels of  IFN gamma c. Extermemly high levels of  antibody to the microbe d.

Larg arge numbers of  activated macrophages to destroy the microbe

In X-linked hyper  IgM syndrome: a. IgG & IgA levels in the  blood are high while IgM levels are low  b. T cells can not engage CD40 on B cells c. B cell activation & isotype switching take  place normally d. Lymph ymphoi oid d tissue lack  germinal centers e. All of  the above f. B + D

answer  : f