Imbong Vs Ochoa Case Digest

 

DOE@KL XW. @GM@J NFT SJNF-J\ SJNF-J\JT9 Smf Ufpr`cugtdvf Mfjbtm Bjw ds j g`ks`bdcjtd`k jkc fkmjkgfofkt `h  fxdstdkl rfpr`cugtdvf bjws. Dt sffns t` fkmjkgf tmf p`pubjtd`k g`ktr`b pr`lrjo `h tmf l`vfrkofkt dk `rcfr t` pr`o`tf puebdg wfbhjrf. M`wfvfr, wmfk g`frgdvf ofjsurfs jrf h`ukc wdtmdk tmf bjw,  pr`vdsd`ks oust ef rfo`vfc `r jbtfrfc dk `rcfr t` fksurf tmjt dt c`fs k`t cfhy tmf G`kstdtutd`k G`k stdtutd`k ey

dkhrdkldkl `k tmf rdlmts `h tmf pf`pbf. Q@KFKSF9 OFKC@YJ, I. G@KW@BDCJSD@K @H :3 GJWFW KJOFBT9 CJSF/LU  K@/WGUJ Jprdb =, 51:3, L.U.  K`. 513=:4

LU. K`. 513473

QFSDSD@KFU

UFWQ@KCFKS

Ijofs O. Doe`kl B`vfby-Jkk G. Doe`kl, h`r tmfosfbvfs jkc dk efmjbh  `h tmfdr odk`r gmdbcrfk, Bu Gdj Gjrb`s Doe`kl jkc Efrkjcfttf Gjrb`s

M`k. Qjqudt` K. @gm`j, Ir., Fxfgutdvf Wfgrftjry> M`k. Hb`rfkgd` E. Jejc, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt @h Euclft Jkc Ojkjlfofkt> M`k. Fkrdquf S. @kj,

Doe`kl jkc Ojlkdhdgjt Gmdbc Cfvfb`pofkt Gfktfr, Dkg., j c`ofstdg, prdvjtfby-`wkfc fcugjtd`kjb dkstdtutd`k

JBBDJKGF H@U SMF HJODBT H@VKCJSD@K QMDBDQQDKFW, DKG. ^JBHD_, rfprfsfktfc ey dts Qrfsdcfkt, Ojrdj G`kgfpgd`k W. K`gmf, Wp`usfs Ufykjbc` W. Budstr` & U`sdf E.

Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt @h Mfjbtm> M`k. Jrodk J. Budstr`, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt @h Fcugjtd`k, Gubturf Jkc Wp`rts> jkc M`k. Ojkufbj. U`xjs DD, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt @h Dktfrd`r jkc B`gjb L`vfrkofkt M@K. QJZVDS@ K. @GM@J, IU., Fxfgutdvf Wfgrftjry, M@K. FKUDZVF S. @KJ, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h Mfjbtm, M@K. JUODK J. BVDWSU@, Wfgrftjry,

Budstr`, I`sf W. Wjkcfijs & Fbfkdtj W.J. Wjkcfijs, Jrtur` O. L`rrfz & Ojrdfttj G. L`rrfz, Wjbvjc`r W. Ojktf, Ir. & Mjzfbffk B. Ojktf, U`bjkc` O. Ejutdstj & Ojrdj Hfbdsj W. Ejutdstj, Cfsdcfrd` Ujgm` & Srjqudbdkj Ujgm`, H fojkc Jkt`kd` J. Sjksdklg` Sjksdklg` & Gjr`b Jkkf G. Sjksdklg` Sjksdklg` h`r tmfosfbvfs jkc `k  efmjbh `h tmfdr odk`r gmdbcrfk, Smfrfsf Jkt`kfttf G. Sjksdklg`, Sjksdklg`,

Cfpjrtofkt `h Fcugjtd`k, Gubturf jkc Wp`rts, M@K. G@UJY@K W@BDOJK, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h W`gdjb \fbhjrf jkc Cfvfb`pofkt, M@K. OJKVFBJ. U@]JW DD, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h  Dktfrd`r jkc B`gjb L`vfrkofkt, M@K. HB@UFKGD@ E. JEJC, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h Euclft jkc Ojkjlfofkt, M@K. JUWFKD@ O. EJBDWJGJK, W`gd`-Fg`k`odg Qbjkkdkl Wfgrftjry jkc  KFCJ Cdrfgt`r-Lfkfrjb, Cdrfgt`r-Lfkfrjb, SMF

B`rfkz` I`sf G. Sjksdklg`, Sjksdklg`, Odlufb Hfojkc` G. Sjklsdklg`, Sjklsdklg`, Gjrb`

QMDBDQQDKF G@OODWWD@K @K \@OFK, rfprfsfktfc ey dts

 

I`sfojrdj G. Sjksdklg` Sjksdklg` & Iujk Qj`b` G. Sjksdklg`, Wp`usfs Wp`usf s Ojrdjk` X. X. Jrjkftj & Fdbffk Y. Jrjkftj h`r  tmfosfbvfs jkc `k efmjbh `h tmfdr  odk`r gmdbcrfk, Ujo`k Gjrb`s Y. Jrjkftj & Ojyj Jklfbdgj Y.

Gmjdrpfrs`k, Ufofcd`s blkjgd`Udnnfk, SMF QMDBDQQDKF MFJBSM DKWVUJKGF G@UQ@UJSD@K, rfprfsfktfc ey dts Qrfsdcfkt Fcujrc` Ejkz`k, SMF BFJLVF @H QU@XDKGFW @H SMF QMDBDQQDKFW,

Jrjkftj, Wp`usfs Ufkjt` G. Gjst`r & Odbcrfc G. Gjst`r h`r tmfosfbvfs jkc `k efmjbh `h tmfdr odk`r gmdbcrfk, Ufkz Ifhhrfy G. Gjst`r, I`sfpm Ujodb G. Gjst`r, I`mk Qjub G. Gjst`r & Ujpmjfb G. Gjst`r, Wp`usfs Jbfxjkcfr U. Ujgm` & Yjrj Y. Ujgm` h`r tmfosfbvfs jkc `k efmjbh `h tmfdr  odk`r gmdbcrfk Ojrljrdtj Ujgm`, Odnjfbj Ujgm`, Ojrtdk Ujgm`, Ojrd Ujgm` & Ojk`b` Ujgm`, Wp`usfs

rfprfsfktfc ey dts Qrfsdcfkt Jbh`ks` Vojbd, SMF BFJLVF @H GDSDFW @H SMF QMDBDQQDKFW, rfprfsfktfc ey dts Qrfsdcfkt @sgjr U`crdlufz, jkc SMF BFJLVF @H OVKDGDQJBDSDFW @H SMF QMDBDQQDKFW, rfprfsfktfc ey dts Qrfsdcfkt C`kjt` Ojrg`s,

Jbhrfc U. Ujgm` & Hrjkgdkf X. Ujgm` h`r tmfosfbvfs jkc `k efmjbh  `h tmfdr odk`r gmdbcrfk Odgmjfb Ujgm`, Ojrdjkj Ujgm`, Ujhjfb Ujgm`, Ojxd Ujgm`, Gmfssdf Ujgm` & Bjurj Ujgm`, Wp`usfs Cjvdc U. Ujgm` & Jrodbyk J. Ujgm` h`r  tmfosfbvfs jkc `k efmjbh `h tmfdr  odk`r gmdbc Ljerdfb Ujgm`, Odkcy O. Iujtjs jkc `k efmjbh `h mfr odk`r  gmdbcrfk Fbdijm Lfrjbc Iujtjs jkc

LU K`. 51346<

LU K`.

Fbdjk Ljerdfb Iujtjs, Wjbvjgd`k O. O`ktfdr`, Fodby U. Bjws, I`sfpm U. Bjws & Njtrdkj U. Bjws SJWN SJ WN H@UGF H@U HJODBT HJODBT JKC JKC BDHF XDWJTJW, DKG. jkc XJBFUDJK@ W. JXDBJ,

WFUXF BDHF GJLJTJK CF @U@

M@K. QJZVDS@ K. @GM@J, IU., Fxfgutdvf Wfgrftjry> M@K. HB@UFKGD@ E. JEJC, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h Euclft jkc Ojkjlfofkt> M@K. FKUDZVF S. @KJ, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h Fcugjtd`k> jkc M@K. OJKVFBJ. U@]JW DD, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h Dktfrd`r jkc B`gjb L`vfrkofkt @HHDGF @H SMF QUFWDCFKS,

 

5134==

LU K`. 516117

GDST, DKG., rfprfsfktfc ey Cr.  Kfst`r E. Buodgj`, O.C., js Qrfsdcfkt jkc dk mds pfrs`kjb gjpjgdty, U@WFXJBF H@VKCJSD H@VKCJ SD@K @K DKG., rfprfsfktfc ey Cr. U`crdl` O. Jbfkt`k, O.C., js

WFKJSF @H SMF QMDBDQQDKFW, M@VWF @H UFQUFWFKSJSDXFW, M@K. QJZVDS@ K. @GM@J, IU., Fxfgutdvf Wfgrftjry, M@K. HB@UFKGD@ E. JEJC, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h  Euclft jkc Ojkjlfofkt> M@K.

ofoefr `h tmf sgm``b e`jrc jkc dk mds pfrs`kjb gjpjgdty, gjpjg dty, U@WFOJUDF U. JBFKS@K, DOFBCJ L. DEJUUJ, GQJ, B@XFKDJQ.  KJGFW, Qmc., JKSM@KT JKSM@KT L.  KJLJG, FJUB JKSM@KT G. LJOEF jkc OJUB@K D. TJQ, F]QF F] QFCD CDS@ S@ J. EVL EVLJU JUDK DK,, IIU. U.,,

FKUDZVF S. @KJ, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h Mfjbtm> M@K. JUODK J. BVDWSU@, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h  Fcugjtd`k jkc M@K. OJKVFBJ. U@]JW DD, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h  Dktfrd`r jkc B`gjb L`vfrkofkt, Ufsp`kcfkts @HHD @HHDGF GF @H SMF SMF QUF QUFWD WDCF CFKS KS @H SMF SMF UFQVEBDG @H SMF QMDBDQQDKFW, M@K. WFKJSF QUFWDCFKS, M@K. WQFJNFU @H SMF M@VWF @H

LU K`. 516137

FCVJUC@ E. @BJLVFU jkc SMF GJSM@BDG GJS M@BDG ]TEUWQJGF JQ@WS@BJSF @H SMF QMDBDQQDKFW,

LU K`. 516:7=

QMDBDQQDKF JBBDJKGF @H ]WFODKJUDJKW, DKG. (QJ]), mfrfdk rfprfsfktfc ey dts Kjtd`kjb Qrfsdcfkt, Jtty. Jtty. Udgjrc` O. Ude`, jkc dk mds `wk efmjbh, Jtty. Bdk` F.J. Cuojs, U`of` E. Jbo`ktf, @soukc` G. @rbjkfs, Jrsfkd` Y. Ofk`r, Wjoufb I. Tjp, Ijdof H. Ojtf`, U`bby Wdlujk, Cjktf F. Ojlcjkljb, Odgmjfb Fulfkd` 1. Qbjkj, Edfkvfkdc` G. Odlufb, Ir., Bjkcrdt` O. Cd`nk` jkc Ejbc`ofr` Hjbg`kf,

UFQUFWFKSJSDXFW jkc M@K. W@BDGDS@U LFKFUJB C@M WFGUFSJUT FKUDZVF S. @KJ, HCJ CDUFGS@U CDUFGS@U WVYFSSF M. BJY@, CEO WFGUFSJUT HB@UFKGD@ E. JEJC, CDBL WFGUFSJUT OJKVFBJ. U@]JW DD, CFGW WFGUFSJUT JUODK J. BVDWSU@ M@K. QJZVDS@ K. @GM@J, IU., Fxfgutdvf Wfgrftjry, M@K. HB@UFKGD@ E. JEJC, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h  Euclft jkc Ojkjlfofkt, M@K. FKUDZVF S. @KJ, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h Mfjbtm, M@K. JUODK J. J. BVDWSU@, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h  Fcugjtd`k, M@K. OJKVFBJ. U@]JW DD, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h Dktfrd`r jkc B`gjb L`vfrkofkt, M@K. G@UJY@K I. W@BDOJK, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h  W`gdjb \fbhjrf \fbhjrf jkc Cfvfb`pofkt, M@K. JUWFKD@ EJBDWJGJK, Cdrfgt`rLfkfrjb, Kjtd`kjb Fg`k`odg jkc Cfvfb`pofkt Jutm`rdty, M@K. WVYFSSF M. BJY@, Cdrfgt`rLfkfrjb,

 

LU K`.

UFTKJBC@ I. FGMJXFY, O.C.,

5163 M@K. FKUDZVF S. @KJ, Wfgrftjry `h  tmf Cfpjrtofkt `h Mfjbtm> M@K. JUODK J. BVDWSU@, Wfgrftjry `h tmf Cfpjrtofkt `h Fcugjtd`k> jkc M@K. OJKVFBJ. U@]JW DD, Wfgrftjry `h tmf Cfpjrtofkt `h Dktfrd`r jkc B`gjb L`vfrkofkt,

@HHDGF @H SMF QUFWDCFKS `h tmf Ufpuebdg `h tmf Qmdbdppdkfs,

@HHDGF @H SMF QUFWDCFKS, WFKJSF @H SMF QMDBDQQDKFW, M@VWF @H UFQUFWFKSJSDXFW, M@K. QJZVDS@  K. @GM@J, IU., Fxfgutdvf Wfgrftjry, M@K. HB@UFKGD@ E. JEJC, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h Euclft jkc Ojkjlfofkt, M@K. FKUDZVF S. @KJ, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h Mfjbtm, M@K. JUODK J. BVDWSU@, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h Fcugjtd`k jkc M@K. OJKVFB J. U@]JW DD, Wfgrftjry, Cfpjrtofkt `h Dktfrd`r jkc B`gjb L`vfrkofkt @HHDGF @H SMF QUFWDCFKS, @HHDGF @H SMF F]FGVSDXF WFGUFSJUT, CFQJUSOFKS CFQJU SOFKS @H MFJBSM, CFQJUSOFKS CFQJU SOFKS @H FCVGJSD@K,

 

LU K`. 51   rfljrcdkl tmf  Wfgtd`k :< jkc tmf g`rrfsp`kcdkl pr`vdsd`k dk tmf UM-DUU  rfljrcdkl rfkcfrdkl `h pr` `h  pr` e`kj rfpr`cugtdvf mfjbtm sfrvdgf dk s` hjr js tmfy jhhfgt tmf g`ksgdfktd`us `eifgt`r dk sfgurdkl QmdbMfjbtm jggrfcdtjtd`k>  Wfgtd Wfgtd`k `k 7.1b(j 7.1b(j)) jk jkc c Wfgtd Wfgtd`k `k 7.1: 7.1: L) `h tmf UM-D UM-DUU  UU , wmdgm jccfc tmf qujbdhdfr "prdojrdby" dk cfhdkdkl je`rtdhjgdfkts jkc g`ktrjgfptdvfs, js tmfy jrf ubtrj vdrfs jkc, tmfrfh`rf, kubb jkc v`dc h`r g`ktrjvfkdkl Wfgtd`k 3(j) `h tmf UM Bjw jkc vd`bjtdkl Wfgtd`k :5, : 5, Jrtdgbf Jrtdgbf DD `h tmf G`kstdtutd`k.