II Practica Domiciliaria
December 22, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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º bai j` Plgv`rsgjaj Lafgklai j` Val Frgstkbai k Duahalma Eafuitaj j` Glm`lg`rºıa Hglas, M`kikmºıa y Fgvgi @sfu`ia _rke`sgklai j` Glm`lg`rºıa Fgvgi
FPRVK H@FALGFA º J@ EIPGJKV G (GF-6:=)
º J@ _RKBI@HAV VKIPFGKL GG _RAFZGFA JKHGFGIGARGA J@ º H@FALGFA J@ EIPGJKV G (GF-6:=)
JKF@LZ@> Glm. B@LJ@^P º _RAJK Nagh` I. AIPHLKV> AIIFFADPAHAL DPARG_APFAR , Mrkv`r AWBAR APR@V , Eralz E. FARRAVFK IALMA , Frgstdkee`r H. FKLGVIIA FAF@R@V , @J@R G. MAIGLJK _AFKZAW_@ , Javgj R. HGVARAWH@ FFKLGVIIA , Nual I.
Ayafufdk, 2? j` Hayk j` 2?17
1
Vkiufgºkl kl j` _rkbi`has
Fklt`lts 1.1 Dgjr Dg jrks kstº tºatg at gfa
2
@n`rgfgk Lrk 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 @n`rgfgk Lrk 2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 `n`rfgfgk Lrk 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1? @n`rgfgk Lrk : : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 @n`rgfgk Lrk 0 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 @n`rgfgk Lrk 5 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 @n`rgfgk Lrk = = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 @n`rgfgk Lrk 4 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 @n`rgfgk Lrk 7 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 @n`rgfgk Lrk 1? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
1.1 Dgj D gjrk rkst stººatg tgfa fa jgstrgbufgº bufgº kkl l igl`ai j` t`lsgkl`s skbr` ia bas` j` ia pr`sa @n`rfg @n` rfgfgk fgk 1.1 Vupklg`ljk ula jgstrg j` fklfr`tk (fimura L¿1), faifuiar> a) a) Ia Ia pksgfgºkl kl jklj` ia r`suitalt` j` jgfda eu`rza j` t`lsgkl`s fkrta a ia bas`. b) Ia b) Ia hºaaxgha xg ha y hºılg ılgha ha t`l t`lsgº sgºkkl l j` fkhpr`sgºkkl l `l ia bas`. J`spr`fgar `i `hpun` asf`lsgklai dgjrkstºaatgfk. tgfk.
Vkiufgºkl> kl> V` tg`l` ia eu`rza qu` `n`rf` `i amua skbr` ia pr`sa
2
Glm `lg`r Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
a) Ia a) Ia pksgfgºkkl l jklj` ia r`suitalt` j` jgfda eu`rza j` t`lsgkl`s fkrta a ia bas`. DaiiahksE D D >
V` sab`> cme e alfdk81h ζ 8 8 1??? cm 6 h
E D D 8 Atrgalmuik alfdk
∝ 12 ∝ 12 ∝ ζ ∝1 E D 8 D
2 12 12 1??? E D D 8 2 E D cme e D 8 =2???cm
∝ ∝ ∝1
E D D s` fklf`ltra `l> W _ _ 8 2 d 6 2 W _ 8 12 _ 6 W _ _ 8 4h
∝ ∝
DaiiahksE UU >
6
Glm`lg `lg`r `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
E UU 8 ζ (U kiuh kiuh`l `lskbr`iafurva E UU 8 ζ A alfdk
∝ ∝
V` tg`l`> 2
W 8 ?.20 T VgW 8 12 T 8 8 5.724
∝
→
Daiiahks `i ºaar`a r`a skbr` j` ia furva> T
8 ( 8 − jA
d
?
− W )) jT
x
A
?
12
A 8 12T
2
?.20x
− ?.20 ∝
jT
T 6 6
6
A
8 (
12 (5.7242)
∝
− ?.20 ∝ (5.7242 6 )
A 8 00.:205h2
R``hpiazaljk s` tg`l`> E UU 8 ζ A alfdk
∝ ∝ E UU 8 1??? ∝ 00.:25 ∝ 1 E UU 8 00:20.5cm cme e E UU s` fklf`ltra `l>
T jA
T p 8 :
Glm `lg`r Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi
A
)
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº T
T p 8
?
T (d
2
− ?.20T )jA A
5.724
?
T p 8
6
(12T
− ?.20T )jT
00.:205
T _ _ 8 2.0741h
Ia eu`rza r`suitalt` E `s>
8 + 8 + E
E
2 E U
2 E D
00:20.52
=2???2
E 8 7?452.0660cm cme e
l j` ia iºıl`a j` affgºkkl l j` ia eu`rza r`suitalt` fkl ia Daiiahks `i pultk j` glt`rs`ffgºkkl bas` j` ia pr`sa.
Daiiahks Daiia hks ia glfig glfiglafgº lafgº kkl l j` ia eu`rza r`suitalt`> tal δ 8
E UU E D D
δ 8 arftal(
δ 8 arftal( 0
Glm`lg `lg`r `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm
E UU E D D
00:20.5 =2???
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº δ 8 6=.547?f grfi`
J`i mrºaafifk fifk s` kbs`rva qu`>
j 8 T _ _ + :fkt(δ ) j 8 2.0741 + :fkt(6=.547? ) j 8 =.=7:2h
b) Ia b) Ia hºaaxgha xgha y hºılgha t`lsg t`lsgººkkl l j` fkhpr`sgºkkl l `l ia bas`. Jgvgjgr`hks ia s`ffgºkkl l j` ia pr`sa `l tr`s s`ffgkl`s fklkfgjas, fkhk `l ia sgmug`lt` fimura>
Daiiahks iks p`sks () ] g ) y ias jgstalfgas (xg )> cm
@i p`sk `sp`f `sp`fººıfifk j`i fklfr`tk `s> ζ fklfr`tk fklfr`tk 8 2:?? 6 h V` sab` qu`> ] 8 ζ fklfr`tk fklfr`tk U fklfr`tk fklfr`tk @ltklf`s t`l`hks qu`>
∝
] 1 8 ζ fklfr`tk fklfr`tk (Ar`ftalmuik
∝
A)
∝ alfdk ∞ ] 8 2:??(12 ∝ 6 − 00.:205)1 −
1
cme e ] 1 8 5501?.416?cm 6 T 1 8 (T ) :
∝
5
Glm`lg `lg`r `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
∞
6 (: 6 ) : T 1 8 0.1752h
T 1 8
∝
] 2 8 ζ fklfr`tk fklfr`tk (Ar`ftalmuik) alfdk
∝
∝
] 2 8 2:?? (6 12) 1
∝ ∝
cme e ] 2 8 45:??cm 6 T 2 8 : 6 + 2 T 2 8 4.:242h
∞
] 2 8 ζ fklfr`tk fklfr`tk (Atrgalmuik ) alfdk
∝
∝
] 1 8 2:?? (
∝
(: 12) )1
∝
2
] 1 8 0=5??cm cme e
∞
: 6 T 2 8 11.2510h
T 2 8 : 6 + 6 +
Daiiahks ias eu`rzas E 1 yE 2 >
=
Glm Glm`lg `lg`r `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
E 1 8 ( : sqrt6 + 6 + :) R1 8 16.7242 R1
∝
∝
T E E 1 8 5.75:1h
∞
E 2 8 (: 6) (R2
∝
− R ) 8 5.7242 ∝ (R − R ) 1
2
1
T E E 2 8 7.2400h
Apigfaljk
H k 8 ? (fklsgj`raljk dkrargk (+))
E D D W _ _ + E U U T _ _ + ] 1 T 1 + ] 2 T 2 + ] 6 T 6
∝ ∝ ∝ ∝ ∝ − E ∝ T EE 1 − E ∝ T EE 2 8 ? =2?? ∝ : + 00:20.5 ∝ 2.074? + 5501?.416? ∝ 0.1752 + 45:?? ∝ 4.:242 + 0=5?? ∝ 11.2510 8 16.7242 ∝ R ∝ 5.75:1 + 5.7242 ∝ (R − R ) ∝ 7.2400 1
1
2
2
1
R1 + 2 R2 8 5551=.02?
∝
Apigfaljk
(1.1)
E W W 8 ?
−E UU − ] − ] − ] + E + E 8 ? −00.:20.5 − 5501?.416? − 45:?? − 0=5?? + 16.7242 ∝ R + 5.7242 ∝ (R − R ) 8 ? 1
2
6
1
2
1
R1 + R2 8 64145.=:0:
J` 1.1 1.1 y y 1.2 1.2>> J`
R1 + 2 R2 8 5551=.02?7
∝
R1 + R2 8 64145.=:0:
R2 8 24:6?.==0cm cme e R1 8 7=00.7577cm cme e
4
Glm `lg`r Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi
2
1
(1.2)
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
sgst`ha ha j` ia fimu fimura ra L¿ ?7, s` hu`stra ia fkhpu`rta KA j` 2h j` @n`rfg @n` rfgfgk fgk 1.2 @l `i sgst` iklmgtuj (p`rp`ljgfuiar a KA) y p`sa 6,2??cme, pu`j` pgvkt`ar `l `i `n` K, R 8 2h. (Rajgk j` furvatura j` KA) y 8 2? . Faifu Faifuiar iar ’d‘ para para qu qu`` ia fkhpu`rta glgfg` a i`valtars`. ◥
Vkiufgºkl> kl> _ 1 8 _ A + ζ a mua (d) + ζ D D m (?.2) 8
8 16:4 + 1??? d + 165?? ?.2 8 ( 16=2 + 1???d)
−
∝
∝
cm 8 _ 2 h2
− 1??? ∝ x) hcm _ 8 _ 8 _ 8 16=2 + 1???d − 1??? ∝ x + 165?? ∝ ?.10 8 cm 8 ( 6:12 + 1???d − 1??? ∝ x) h _ 6 8 _ : 8 (16=2 + 1???d
0
5
2
=
2
_ 4
1???d
6:12
8
+
1??? x
−
8 ( 6:12 + 1???(d _`rkd
−
1??? y
+ cm x + y )) 2
∝
− x + y 8 1.:0h
h
cm _ 4 8 (6:12 + 1???(1.:0)) 2 h
7
Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm `lg`r
∝
8
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
fimuraa Lrk ?6 s` hu`st hu`stra ra ula fkhp fkhpu`rt u`rtaa AKB j` 6h. j` alf alfdk dk , @n`rfg @n` rfgfgk fgk 1.6 @l ia fimur KB `s ula parºaabkia bkia jklj` F 8 ?.20 h. J`t`rhglar `i vaikr j` ’d‘ para jgfda fkhpu`rta glgfg` a i`valtars`, sg ia pr`sgºkkl l `l ’A‘ `s 7??cme /h2 y `i p`sk j` ia fkhpu`rta `s 1??cm cme e /h2.
Vkiufgºkl> kl> Daiialjk ia pr`sgºkl kl `l `i pultk H
_ h 8 _ A + _ 1 + _ 2
− _ + _ + _ − _ + _ − ζ amua amua (?.:4) _ h 8 7?? + ζ Dm af`gt` (?.2? + ?.=? − ?.6?) + ζ Dm amua (?.=? ) Dm (?.:0 ) + ζ D m (?.2? ) − ζ Dm Dm (?.60) + ζ af`gt` Dm (?.6?) − ζ amua 6
:
0
5
=
_ h 8 11?4?cm cme e /h2
Adkra daiiar`hks ias eu`rzas `n`rfgjas skbr` ias fkhpu`rtas
1?
Glm`lg `lg`r `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm
Vkiufgº kl j` _rkbi`has kl
_ARA IA FKH_P@RZA KA Z@L@HKV> Eu`rza `n`rfgja pkr ia pr`sgºkkl l ‘_ h ‘ E h 8 _ h A 8 11?4?x(6x?.5?) 8 177::cm cme e
pult k j` aff pultk affgº gºkkl> l> Aftº u uaa `l `i f`ltrk j` mrav`jaj> D fm fm 8
?.5 8 ?.6h 2
Eu`rza @n`rfgja pkr `i amua `l `i iajk gzqug`rjk j` ia fkhpu`rta KA> E 1 8 ζ amua amua D fm fm A 8 1???(?.6)( ?.5x6) 8 0:?cme
_ultk j` affgºkkl> l> T 1 8
2 ?.5? 8 ?.:h 6
_ARA IA FKH_P@RZA KB Z@L@HKV> _rgh`rk daiiar`hks su p`sk> Vab`hks qu` ia `xuafgºkkl l j` ia furva `s> W 8 F FT T 2
@ltklf`s @ltkl f`s t`l`hks> 11
Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm `lg`r
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
W F
T 8 8
_`sk tktai> ] 8 1?? I Alfdk
∝ ∝
I>iklmgtuj j` ia furva d
I
8 +( ?
1
x
_ultk j` affgºkkl> l>
) 8 + − 2
2
d
d
− + 2 d2
d + 1)
∞
d 6 d 8 ?.20 2
6 :
T w 8
1 ikm` (2d 2
Eu`rza v`rtgfai>
E v 8 ζ amua amua U 8 ζ amua amua
d
( ?
2
6/2
F d E v 8 1???x 6 F d
∞
_ultk j` affgºkkl> l>
6 4
T v 8
T jy )x_rkeuljgjaj 6 /2
x6 8 2???d
∞
d 6 8 d ?.20 :
Eu`rza dkrgzkltai> d 2 E d 8 ζ amua amua dfm A 8 ζ amua amua ( )( dx6) 8 10??d 2
_ultk j` affgºkkl> l> T d 8
1 d 6
_kr `i prglfgpgk j` `qugigbrgk>
E 1 (T 1 ) + E h (T h )
H ? 8 ?
− E v (T v ) − E d(T d ) − ] KB KB (T ] ] ) 8 ? 6 ∞ 1 1 d) − 10??d ( d) − 6??S d + d − ikm` 0:?(?.:) + 177::(?.6) − 2???d (( : 6 2 6 ∞ (2d − 2 d + d + 1)Xx( d) 8 ? 2 ∞ 5177.2 − 10??d − 0??d − :0? d + d + 220 d ikm` (2d − 2 d + d + 1) 8 ? 6 /2
2
2
2
2
6
6
2
d 8 ?.70h 12
Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm `lg`r
2
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
sgst`h `haa j` ia fim fimur ura, a, s` tg` tg`l` l` ula fk fkhp hpu` u`rt rtaa KA j` :h. j` @n`rfg @n` rfgfgk fgk 1.: @l `i sgst iklmgtuj (p`rp`ljgfuiar a KA) y p`sa 2,2?? cme, pu`j` pgvkt`ar `l `i `n` K, R 8 6.:?h. y α 8 2? . Faifuiar ’d‘ para qu` ia fkhpu`rta glgfg` a i`valtars`. ◥
Vkiufgºkl> kl> Daiialjk _H H 8 1??? 1.2 + 1??? (a + b) + 165?? 1 _ H
∝
∝
_ H H 8 1=???
Daiialjk _L _ L L 8 _ H H
− ζ ∝ 1.15 − 4?? ∝ 2 _ L L 8 1=??? − 1??? ∝ 1.15 − 4?? ∝ 2 _ L L 8 1:2:?
→ d ζ 8 1:2:? 1
d1 8
1
1:2:? 8 1=.4h 4??
ζd dfm A prky 8 ζ (d + 1)( 2 4) E D 1 8 ζ E D 1 8 4???(d + 1)
∝
W fp fp1 8 (d + 1) + W ffpp1 8 (d + 1) + a 8 W fp fp1 a 8
1 12
( d + 1 )4 1 6 (d + 1 )
−d
6d + : 6 ( d + 1)
β 8 8 :4.:2?
− Rs`lβ 2
A1 8 ϏR β 65? 2
16
Glm `lg`r Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi
2
∝4∝2
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº Ϗ 6.:?2 :4.?2 6.:?s`l(:4.:2) A1 8 8 6.0=h2 65? 2 E U 1 8 ζ :(Ar`ar`ftalmuik + Ar`atrgalmuik A1 )
∝ ∝
∝ −
E U 1 8 :???(1.7:d + 1.7: E U 1 8 :???(1.7:d
Jgstalfga j`i fm j`i A1> jfm 8
(1.7:d + 1.7:
−
− 6.0=)
−
− 1.56)
2 6.:?6 s`l6 ( :4.:2 ) 2
∝
∝
6 6.0= jfm 8 6.?1h
1.7:2 d 1.7:2 + 6.0=)b 8 2 6 1.44d ?.72 b 8 1.7:d 1.56 E D 2 8 ζ 1 (d1 + 1) 4
∝ 2 − 6.0= ∝ ?.75
− −
∝
E D 2 8 5:?? (d1 + 1)
∝
E D 2 8 12?62?cm cme e 1 12
: 26 W ffpp2 8 (d1 + 1) + (d1 + 1)4 1 W ffpp2 8 (d1 + 1) + 6(d1 + 1) 1 f 8 ( d1 + 1) + d1 6(d1 + 1) 6d1 + : f 8 8 1.?2h 6(d1 + 1)
∝ ∝
−
E U 2 8 4?? :(1.7:d1
− 1.56)
∝
E U 2 8 1?0245.:cm cme e 1.44d1 ?.72 j 8 8 ?.77h 1.7:d1 1.56
− −
Apigfaljk `i p`sk `l KA if 8
2ϏRβ 8 2.40 65? 54.:2
∝
x¯ 2.40
8
2?
R fks δRjδ
x¯ 2.40 8 R 2 sgl δ
∝
x¯ 8 2.67h
54.:2 2?
|
Daiialjk d
H 8 ?
E D 1 a + E U 1 b + ] AK AK (2.67) 8 E D 1 f + E U 1 j d 8 16.55h 1:
Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm `lg`r
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
sgst`ha `ha j` ia fimur fimuraa L¿ 0 j`t`rhglar `i vaikr j` ia eu`rza `n`rfgja @n`rfg @n` rfgfgk fgk 1.0 _ara `i sgst
pkr iks iºııqugjks qugjks skbr` ia fkhpu`r fkhpu`rta ta KA, sabg`ljk qu` ia pr`sgºkkl l `l `i 2 cme e /h , aj`hº talqu`` ’B‘ `s j` 1:,4:1 cm talqu aass iiaa J.R. j`i af`gt` 8 ?.4, J.R. 6 p`trºkki`k i`k 8?.7,ζ 1 8 165??cme /h , ζ 2 8 7mre /fh6 , ζ 6 8 70??cm cme e /h6 .
kl> Vkiufgºkl> cm cme e mre 8 1:4:.1 h2 fh2 JRa f`gt` 8 ?.4 ρa f`gt` 8 ?.4 JR p `tr öi`k 8 ?.7 ρ p `tröi`k 8 ?.7 cm cme e mre ζ 1 8 165?? 6 ζ 1 8 16.5 6 h fh mre ζ 2 8 7 6 fh mr mre e cm cme e _ B 8 1:4:1
→ → →
ζ 6 8 70?? h6
10
Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm `lg`r
→ ζ 8 7.0 fh 6
6
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
k l `l 4 (_ 4 )> s` r`aigza ias kp`rafgkl`s `l `i sgst`ha fms. daiiahks ia pr`sgºkl _ 1 8 _ B
− ζ D D 2K ∝ (:? − h + 6? − l + 20) _ 1 8 1647.1 + h + l _ 2 8 _ 1 + ζ 1 (20)
∝
_ 2 8 1647.1 + h + l + 16.5(20) 8 1=27.1 + h + l _ 6 8 _ 2
− ζ DD 2K ∝ (l)
_ 6 8 1=27.1 + h _ : 8 _ 6 + ζ 2 (6?)
∝
_ : 8 1=27.1 + h + 7(6?) 8 1777.1 + h mre − ζ D D 2K ∝ (h) 8 1777.1 fh _ 8 _ ζ D D 2K ∝ (6? + p) _ 8 1757.1 − p _ 8 _ − ζ ∝ (10) 8 1757.1 − p − 7.0(10) _ 8 1425.5 − p _ 8 _ + ζ D D 2K ∝ (10 + p + 6?) 8 1425.5 − p + :0 + p _ 0 8 _ :
2
5
0
5
=
5
6
=
4
=
_ 4 8 14=1.5
15
Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm `lg`r
mre fh2
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
Adkra daiiahks tkjas ias eu`rzas qu` aftºu ual al skbr` AK>
Ia pr`sgºkl kl _ 4 s` jgstrgbuy` j` ekrha fklstalt` skbr` AK> Zkhaljk `l fu`lta qu` `i alfdk `s ulgtargk y qu` E 4 aftºu uaa `l `i f`ltrk j` AK. E 4 8 _ 4 A K
∝∝A ∝
E 4 8 14=1.5 :? 1 E 4 8 =:45:mre E 4 8 =:45:mre
Eu`rza j`i amua skbr` HK> E H H K 8 ζ D D 2K dm
∝ ∝ AH K 8 1 ∝ 20 ∝ (2? ∝ 1)
E H H K 8 0??mre
Vu pultk j` apigfafgºkkl l `s> 1 2?6 1 2?6 W H 8 :? + 1? + H K 8 W M + 12 W M AH K 12 0? 2?
∝
∝ ∝ ∝
∝ ∝
W H H K 8 0?.5=fh
ua `l ia hgtaj j` AH> Eu`rza j`i amua skbr` AH, aftºua _ 7 8 ζ D D 2K 6? 8 6?
∝
mre fh2
E 7 8 _ 7 AA H 8 6? (2? 1)
∝
∝
E 7 8 5??mre 1=
Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm `lg`r
∝
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
Eu`rza j`i p`trºki`k ki`k skbr` AH>
E A H 8 ζ p `tr öi`k dm
∝ ∝ AAH 8 ?.7 ∝ 0 ∝ (2? ∝ 1)
E A H 8 7?mre
Vu pultk j` apigfafgºkkl l `s> 1 2?6 W A H 8 1? + 12 1? 2?
∝ ∝ ∝
W A H 8 16.66fh
l> adkra faifuiahks ula eu`rza r`suitalt` E `qugvai`lt` y su pultk j` apigfafgºkkl>
H K + E 7 + E A H 8 =:45: + 0?? + 5?? + 7? E 8 E 4 + E H
E 8 =5?0:mre
H K 8 =:45: 2? + 0?? 1?.5= + 5?? 6? + 7? 66.66 8 W
∝
∝
∝
W 8 2?.?66fh.
14
Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm `lg`r
∝
∝ ∝ =5?0:
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
sgst`ha ha j` ia fimu fimura ra L¿ ?5, s` hu`stra ia fkhpu`rta KA j` 1h j` @n`rfg @n` rfgfgk fgk 1.5 @l `i sgst` iklmgtuj (p`rp`ljgfuiar a KA) y pu`j` pgvkt`ar `l `i `n` K. Faifuiar ia eu`rza j`bgjk a ia pr`sgºkkl l dgjrkstºaatgfa tgfa skbr` jgfda fkhpu`rta sabg`ljk qu` ia pr`sgºkkl l `l ’A‘ `s 5?? mre /fh2 y ia j`lsgjaj r`iatgva (J.R.) j` Dm `s 16.5.
kl> Vkiufgºkl> mre fh2 JRD m 8 16.5
_ A 8 5??
mr → ρD m 8 16.5 fh
6
ALFDKA K 8 1h 8 1??fh
V@ R@AIG^A IAV K_@RAFGKL@V @L @I VGVZ@HA fms.
17
Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm `lg`r
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
º @L 4> DAIIAHKV IA _R@VGKL _ 1 8 _ A + :0 (16.5)
∝ _ 8 5?? + :0 ∝ (16.5) 1
mre _ 1 8 1212 fh2 _ 2 8 _ 1 + 2? (16.5) 8 1:4:
∝ _ 8 _ − 60 ∝ (16.5) 6
mre fh2
2
_ 6 8 1??4
mre fh2
mre fh2 mre _ 0 8 _ : + 6? (12) 8 1:15 2 fh mre
_ : 8 _ 6 + ?.4 (5?) 8 1?05
∝
∝
5
0
_ 8 _
− =? 8 16:5m fh mre _ 8 _ + 65 ∝ (16.5) 8 1460.5 fh =
2
5
_ 4 8 _ =
2
mre − 65 ∝ (?.4) 8 14?5.4 fh
ual al skbr` AK> Adkra daiiahks tkjas ias eu`rzas qu` aftºu
2?
Glm Glm`lg `lg`r `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi
2
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
Ia pr`sgºkl kl _ 4 s` jgstrgbuy` j` ekrha fklstalt` skbr` AK> Zkhaljk `l fu`lta qu` `i alfdk `s 1?? fh y qu` E 4 aftº u uaa `l `i f`ltrk j` AK. E 4 8 _ 4 AA K
∝ E 8 14?5.4 ∝ 4? ∝ 1?? 4
E 4 8 1::0::??mre E 4 8 1::0::??mre
ki`k skbr` BK> Eu`rza j`i p`trºki`k E B K 8 ζ p `tr öi`k dm
∝ ∝ AB K 8 ?.4 ∝ =? ∝ (:? ∝ 1??)
E B K 8 22:???mre
Vu pultk j` apigfafgºkkl l `s> 1?? :?6 1?? :?6 W B K 8 W M + 12 W M AB K 8 1:? + 12 1:? :? 1??
∝ ∝∝
∝
∝ ∝
W B K 8 1:?.70fh
Eu`rza j`i p`trºki`k ki`k skbr` AB, aftº u uaa `l ia hgtaj j` AB> _ 7 8 ?.4 4? 8 5:
∝
mre fh2
E 7 8 _ 7 AA B 8 5: (:? 1??)
∝
∝
∝
E 7 8 205???mre
Eu`rza j`i amua skbr` AB>
∝ ∝ AAB 8 1 ∝ 1? ∝ (:? ∝ 1??)
E A B 8 ζ D D 2K dm
E A B 8 :????mre
Vu pultk j` apigfafgºkkl l r`sp`ftk a B `s> 1?? :?6 W A B 8 2? + 12 2? :? 1??
∝ ∝ ∝ ∝
W B K 8 25.5=fh 21
Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm `lg`r
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
adkra faifuiahks ula eu`rza r`suitalt` E `qugvai`lt` y su pultk j` apigfafgºkkl> l>
E 8 E 4 + E B K + E 7 + E A B 8 1::0::?? + 22:??? + 205??? + :???? E 8 1:7=::??mre
H k
1::0::?? :? + 2?.70 22:??? + 205??? 5? + 55.5= :???? 8 W
∝
∝
∝
W 8 :?.124fh.
22
Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm `lg`r
∝
∝ ∝ 1:7=::??
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
Lrkk ?= s` hu` hu`stra stra ula fk fkhpu`rt hpu`rtaa AKB j j`` 1?h. j` iklmgt iklmgtuj uj @n`rfg @n` rfgfgk fgk 1.= @l ia fimura Lr
(p`rp`ljgfuiar a AKB) y p`sa 10? cme/h2, pu`j` pgvkt`ar `l `i `n` K, R8 =h. (raj (rajgk gk j` fur furv vatu atura ra j` KA KA)) y α 8 6? . Fai Faifuia fuiarr `i va vaikr ikr j` ‘d‘. ◥
Vkiufgºkl> kl> Daiialjk ia pr`sgºkl kl `l `i pultk H>
_ H H 8
−16:4 + ζ D D K (d ) + ζ Dm af`gt` (?.4) Dm (?.2?) − ζ D D K (d ) + ζ Dm Dm (?.10 ) + ζ D D K (d ) − ζ D D K (1.2) + ζ af`gt` d 8 1.4 − (d + ?.2 − d + ?.10) 2
1
2
6
1
2
2
2
_ H cme e /h2 H 8 6?22cm
º DAIIAR@HKV DAIIA R@HKV IKV ALMPIKV R@V_@FZGUKV>
26
Glm `lg`r Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi
6
2
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
W 8 Rsgl(6?) 8 6.0h Δ
8 arfsgl( υ 8 7?
β 8 8 14?
6.0 + 2 ) 8 01.=7 R
− 01.=7 8 64.21
− (6? + 7? + υ) 8 21.=7
6? + χ 8 υ + 7? χ χ 8 :7.1?0 I 8 Iklmgtuj j`i arfk 8 2.55h
− →
ADKRA DAIIAR@HKV IAV EP@R^AV @L IAV FKH_P@RZAV
_ara ia fkhpu`rta AK iajk gzqug`rjk (G y GG)> EP@R^A @N@RFGJA _KR @I AF@GZ@ (G) 2:
Glm Glm`lg `lg`r `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
E a f 8 ζ aaff dA 8 4??d(2.52 1) 8 2?75d
∝
_ultk j` affgºkkl> l> T a f 8 2.52/2 8 1.61h EP@R^A @N@RFGJA _KR @I AMPA (GG)
Eu`rza U`rtgfai>
E v 8 ζ amua amua U U 8 AxAlfdk 21.=7x=2 A 8 2
−
∞
2x2tm (64.21) − 2x2ftm2(0:.1?0 )− 2
6.0x= 6/2 ( 2
A 8 1.75h2 E v 8 1???x(1.75 1) 8 175?cm cme e
∝
_ultk j` affgºkkl> l> T v 8 ?.74h 20
Glm `lg`r Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
Eu`rza Dkrgzkltai>
E d 8 ζ amua cme e amua df mA 8 1???(1)( 2x1) 8 2???cm
_ultk j` affgºkkl> l> T d 8
1 2 8 ?.5=h 6
EP@R^A @N@RFGJA _KR @I _@ZRKI@K (GGG)
Eu`rza U`rtgfai>
E v 8 ζ p`trki`k U U 8 AxAlfdk A 8
21.=7x=2 2
(
∞
6.0x= 6/2
2x2ftm (0:.1?0
2
2
−
−
A 8 1.75h2
2x2tm (64.21)
)
−
E v 8 4??x(1.75 1) 8 1054cme
∝
_ultk j` affgºkkl> l>
T v 8 ?.74h
Eu`rza Dkrgzkltai>
cme e E d 8 ζ p`trki`k df mA 8 4??(1)( 2x1) 8 15??cm
_ultk j` affgºkkl> l>
25
Glm `lg`r Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi
T d 8
1 2 8 ?.5=h 6
2
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
_@VK J@ IA FKH_P@RZA FKH_P@RZA AK> ] 1 8 10? I Alfdk 8 10?x2.55x1 8 677cm cme e
∝ ∝
pultk j` affgºkkl> l>
T w1 8 1.5:h
ADKRA DAIIAR@HKV IAV EP@R^AV @L IA FKH_P@RZA KB
EP@R^A @N@RFGJA _KR @I _@ZRKI@K> E p 8 ζ p`trki`k (2)A 8 4??(2)(( 1?
− 2.55)x1) 8 11=::cm cme e
º _ EP@R^A @N@RFGJA _KR IA _R@VG KL H E H H 8 _ h xA 8 6?22x(( 1?
cme e − 2.55)x1) 8 22141.:4cm
_@VK J@ IA FKH_P@RZA KB ] KB KB 8 10?x(( 1?
− 2.55)x1) 8 11?1cm cme e
º _ARA IAV ZR@V EP@R^AV @V> _PLZK J@ AFFGKL T 8 8 (1?
2.55)/2 8 6.5=h
−
ADKRA A_IGFAHKV @I _RGLFG_GK J@ @QPGIGBRGK> 2=
Glm `lg`r Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
H ? 8 ?
−E aaff(T aaff) − E v (T v ) − E d (T d ) + ] (T w ) + E v (T v ) + E d (T d ) − ] (T ) − E p (T ) + E h(T ) 8 ? 1
Kbt`l`hks>
d 8 11.6=h
24
Glm Glm`lg `lg`r `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi
2
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
fkhpu hpu`rt `rtaa j` fiap`ta j` 1? h j` raj rajgk, gk, 2? h j` iklmgt iklmgtuj uj y 1: h @n`rfg @n` rfgfgk fgk 1.4 Pla fk j` aitura `stºa artgfuiaja `l A (Egmura L¾?4). @i f`ltrk j` ia fkhpu`rta `stºa 0 h p pkr kr `lfgha j` A. »Quº` eu`rza v`rtgfai E day qu` apigfar skbr` `i pultk B para qu` ia fkhpu`rta `stº` `l `qugigbrgk;
Vkiufgºkl> kl> Jatks>
Faifui`hks ia eu`rza dkrgzkltai (E D ııqugjk qugjk skbr skbr`` ia fkhpu`rta> D ), `n`rfgja pkr `i iº
27
Glm Glm`lg `lg`r `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
E D ζd df mA p rky D 8 ζ cm E D D 8 1??? 6 h
∝ =h ∝ (1:h ∝ 2?h)
→ E D D 8 175????cm e _ultk j` apigfafgºkkl l r`sp`ftk j` ia sup`rfifg` j`i iºıqugjk> G f m 1:2 df p 8 df m + 8 = + A df m = 12
∝
→ df p 8 7.66h
∝
_ultk j` apigfafgºkkl l r`sp`ftk j` A> W E 8 :.5=h E D 8
Faifui`hks ias eu`rzas v`rtgfai`s (E U ıqugjk skbr` ia fkhU 1yE U U 2), `n`rfgja pkr `i iº pu`rta>
6?
Glm Glm`lg `lg`r `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
Daii`hks E UU 2> E UU 2 8 ζ U s kbr`
∝
E UU 2 8 ζ 2?(AM JE @ + + AA @E ) + ( AF A@ AF AE )X E UU 2 8 ζ 2? SAM JE @ +
∝
∝
−
E UU 2 8 ζ 2? S12.?5 + (25.14
∝
E UU 2 8 1???
cm h6
− 21.50)X
∝ 2?h ∝ 15.07h
2
→ E UU 2 8 6614??cm e _ultk j` apigfafgºkkl, l, `l `i f`ltrk j` mrav`jaj skhbr`aja skbr` ia sup`rfifg` fgrfuiar A@, r`sp`ftk j` F> x¯2 8 x¯2 8 61
Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm `lg`r
A1 x1 + A2 x2 A1 + A2
12.?5 7.66 + :.06 7.2? 12.?5 + :.06
∝
∝
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
→ x¯ 8 7.6?h 2
R`sp`ftk j` A>
x¯2 8 ?.5:h(
−→)
Daii`hks E UU 1> E UU 1 8 ζ U s kbr`
∝
U 2 8 ζ 2?(AF BM@ E U
− AF B@ ) E UU 1 8 ζ ∝ 2? S=?.64 − 05.?X cm E UU 1 8 1??? ∝ 2?h ∝ 1:.64h l ∝
2
6
E U U 1 8 24=5??cm e
_ultk j` apigfafgºkkl, l, `l `i f`ltrk j` mrav`jaj skhbr`aja skbr` ia sup`rfifg` fgrfuiar A@, r`sp`ftk j` F> x¯1 8
∝ − AFB @ ∝ x − AFB @
AFBM@ x1 AFBM@
2
=?.64 5 05 7.2? x¯ 8 1:.64
∝ − ∝
1
→ x¯ 8 4.0?h 1
R`sp`ftk j` A>
x¯1 8 ?.15h(
↟−)
J`sarrkiialjk hkh`ltk r`sp`ftk ai pultk A, t`l`hks>
H A 8 ?
E UU 2 x¯2 + E UU 1 x¯1 + E D D W E E D
∝ ∝ ∝ − E ∝ ∝ :.6 8 ? ∝ :.6 6614?? ∝ ?.5: + 24=5?? ∝ ?.15 + 175???? ∝ :.5= 8 E ∝ 7:11054 8 E :.6
E 8 2144=65.=:cm e E 8 2144.=65 1?6 cm e
∝
Vkiufgºkl> kl> eu eu`r `rza za v`r v`rtg tgfa faii E qu qu`` s` j`b` j` api apigf gfar ar skbr skbr`` `i pul pultk tk B par paraa qu qu`` ia . fkhpu`rta fkhpu `rta `stº` ``l l ``qugigbr qugigbrgk gk `s 2144.=65 1?6 cm e
∝
62
Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm `lg`r
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
fimuraa L¿ ?7 s` hu`stra ula fkhpu`rta KA j` 1h. j` alfdk, sg @n`rfg @n` rfgfgk fgk 1.7 @l ia fimur ia pr`sgºkkl l `l `i talqu` ’T‘ `s 1,240mre/f 1,240mre/fh2. h2. J`t`rhg J`t`rhglar lar ia eu`rza j` `hpun` j`i amua skbr` ia fkhpu`rta KA.
Vkiufgºkl> kl> Daiiahks ia pr`sgºkkl l `l `i pultk 1:>
V` tg`l`> _ T T 8
mre mre −1.240 fh 8 12.40 fh 2
2
_ 1 8 _ T T + ζ D D m ?.: 8 _ 2
∝
Iu`mk> _ 2 8 66
Glm`lg Glm `lg`r `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi
−12.40? + 165?? ∝ ?.: 8 0:2=.10
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
_ 6 8 _ 2 + ζ D D m ?.2 8 _ : 8 _ 0 8 _ 5
∝
_ 5 8 0:2=.10 + 165?? ?.2 8 41:=.10
∝ _ 8 _ − ζ D D m ∝ ?.6 8 41:=.10 − 165?? ∝ ?.6 8 :?5=.10 _ 8 _ + 4?? ∝ ?.50 8 :04=.10 _ 8 _ + 1:??? ∝ ?.6 8 4=4=.10 8 _ ? D 2K ∝ ?.= 8 4=4=.10 − 1??? ∝ ?.= 8 4?4=.10 _ 1 8 _ ? − ζ D _ 2 8 _ 1 + mahhaD m ∝ ?.65 8 4?4=.10 + 165?? ∝ ?.65 8 12746.10 8 _ 6 =
5
4
7
1
1
=
4
1
1
1
_ 1 : 8 _ 1 6
1
cme e − ζ D D K ∝ ?.:4 8 12746.10 − 1??? ∝ ?.:4 8 120?6.10 cm h 2
2
Daiiahks ia eu`rza j` `hpun` skbr` ia fkhpu`rta KA.
E p
E p
8
8
_ 1 : + _ 1 : + 1??? ?4 2
∝
∝
120?6.10 + 120?6. + 1??? ?4 2
∝
E p 8 1?622.02cm cme e
E p s` fklf`ltra `l> W p 8 W M +
G M W M A
∝ 1 /12 ∝ A ∝ (?.4) W p 8 ?.: + ?.: ∝ A W p 8 ?.01h
6:
Glm`lg `lg`r `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm
?.4
6
∝
?.4
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
fkhpu`rta `rta j` ia Eg Egmura mura L¾ 1?, s` fkhpkl` j` ula fkhpu`rta piala @n`rfg @n` rfgfgk fgk 1.1 1.1? ? Ia fkhpu dkhkmº``l`a l`a j` p`s p`skk 672? L /h. igl`ai, glfiglaja :0¾ fkl igb`rtaj j` mgrk air`j`jkr j` ia rºkktuia tuia K3 jgfda fkhpu`rta s` apkya a su v`z skbr` ula s`mulja fgrfuiar j` ?,=0 h j` rajgk, artgfuiaja `l su f`ltrk skbr` ul `n` J. @sta s`mulja fkhpu`rta p`sa :7??L /h. igl igl`ai `ai y su f`l f`ltrk trk j` mrav`jaj M s` sgtºu uaa fkhk gljgfa ia fimura. V` pgj`> a Eu`rza Eu`rza dgjrkstºaatgfa tgfa skbr` ia fkhpu`rta piala y pultk j` apigfafgºkl. kl. b) b) Eu`rza Eu`rza `n`rfgja `l B skbr` ia fkhpu`rta furva. f) Fkhpkl`lt` dkrgzkltai j` ia eu`rza dgjrkstºaatgfa tgfa skbr` ia fkhpu`rta furva. j) Fkhpkl`lt` v`rtgfai j` ia eu`rza dgjrkstºaatgfa tgfa skbr` ia fkhpu`rta furva. `) `) Eu`rza Eu`rza `n`rfgja skbr` `i tkp` A. e ) Eu`rza `n`rfgja skbr` `i `n` J. m) m) _ar _ar a apigfar para ia ap`rtura j` ia fkhpu`rta gle`rgkr. Lkta >Jgbunar >Jgbunar iks prgshas j` pr`sgkl`s afktajks fkrr`spkljg`lt`s a faja ula j` ias eu`rzas dgjrkstºatgfas. atgfas. Faifui Faifuiar ar ias eu`rzas gljgfalj gljgfaljkk `i hºkkjuik, juik, jgr`ffgºkkl l y s`ltgjk pkr h igl`ai j` prkeuljgjaj.
kl> ia Eu`rza dgjrkstºaatgfa kl> Vkiufgº a) Daii`hks tgfa skbr` ia fkhpu`rta piala y pultk j` apigfafgºkl. kl. 60
Glm`lg Glm `lg`r `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
E R 8 ζ ζd dfm A p rky cm E R 8 1??? 6 h
(?.=0sgl:0 ) ◥
∝ ∝ (?.=0h ∝ 1h) 2 → E R 8 174.4=cm e
_ultk j` apigfafgºkkl l r`sp`ftk j` K>
W f p 8 W f m +
G f m A W m
∝ ∝
f
?.=02 W f p 8 ?.6=0 + 12 ?.6=0 W f p 8 ?.0h
→
a) Eu`rza a) Eu`rza (E B ) `n`rfgja `l B skbr` ia fkhpu`rta furva.
65
Glm Glm`lg `lg`r `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
J`sarrkiialjk hkh`ltk r`sp`ftk ai pultk K, t`l`hks>
H k 8 ?
◥ ] F F _ ?.0sgl:0 + E R ?.0
∝∝
∝ − E B ∝ ?.=0 8 ?
F _ ?.60 + E R ?.0 8 E B ?.=0 ] F :?? ?.60 + 174.4= ?.0 8 E B ?.=0
∝
∝ ∝ ∝
∝
∝
E B 8 621.1:=cm e
f) f) Fkhpkl`lt` Fkhpkl`lt` dkrgzkltai j` ia eu`rza dgjrkstºaatgfa tgfa skbr` ia fkhpu`rta furva.
E D ζd df mA p rky D 8 ζ E D D 8 1???
cm h6
∝ 1.1=h ∝ (1.24h ∝ 1h)
→ E D D 8 1:7=.5?cm e _ultk j` apigfafgºkkl l r`sp`ftk j` ia sup`rfifg` j`i iºıqugjk> W f p 8 W f m + W f p 8 1.1= +
G f m A W f m
∝
1.242
12 ∝ 1.1= → df p 8 1.27h
6=
Glm`lg `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm `lg`r
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
_ultk j` apigfafgºkkl l r`sp`ftk j` A> W E 8 ?.02h E D 8
j) Fkhpkl`lt` j) Fkhpkl`lt` v`rtgfai j` ia eu`rza dgjrkstºaatgfa tgfa skbr` ia fkhpu`rta furva.
Daii`hks ia r`suitalt` j` ias eu`rzas v`rtgfai`s (E ( U )) )) > E UU 8 E UU 1
− E UU E UU 8 ζ ∝ U skbr` − ζ ∝ U skbr` E UU 2 8 ζ ∝ 1h(AA_CK − A_CRB ) E UU 8 ζ ∝ S(AABJ + AJBRK + A_CRB ) − A_CRB X E UU 8 ζ ∝ (AABJ + AJBRK ) 160fgrf ∝ Ϗ ∝ ?.=0 ?.06 + 1.?5 + ∝ ?.06 E UU 8 ζ 2 ∝ 14? 2 1
2
2
2
◥
E UU 8
1???cm h6
2
∝ (1h ∝ 1.?4:h )
→ E UU 8 1?4:.?cm e (↑) _ultk j` apigfafgºkkl, _ultk l, `l `i f`ltrk j` mrav`jaj skhbr`aja skbr` ia sup`rfifg` piala A_BRK, r`sp`ftk j` J> A x + A2 x2 + A6 x6 + A: x: ¯ E U 8 1 1 T A1 + A2 + A6 + A: 64
Glm`lg `lg`r `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
2
∝ ∝ ∝ ∝ ∝ ∝ ∝
?.=0 Ϗ : ¯ E U 8 T
Ϗ 2 ?.=0sgl :Ϗ ?.=0 ?.=0 Ϗ : ?.06 ?.06 ?.14 + ?.06 ?.06 ?.250 Ϗ 6 : 2 2 6 : ?.=02 Ϗ ?.=02 Ϗ ?.06 ?.06 + + ?.06 ?.06 + : 2 2 : 2
∝
∝
∝
¯ E U 8 T
∝ ∝
∝
∝
?.1:1 + ?.?77 + ?.?20 + ?.?=: ?.::2 + ?.221 + ?.1:? + ?.241
→ T ¯ E U 8 ?.61:h `) `) Eu`rza Eu`rza `n`rfgja skbr` `i tkp` A.
_kr ia prgh`ra prkpg`jaj j` ia `stºaatgfa, tgfa, t`l`hks t`l`hks>> l j` T `s gmuai a f`rk> Vuhatkrga j` eu`rzas `l jgr`ffgºkkl
E D D + E B
¯x 8 ? E ◥
∝ fks:0
8 E AT AT + E J
1:7=.5? + 22=.?7 8 E A T + + 1:40.=4
AT 8 264.7:cm e ( E AT
67
Glm Glm`lg `lg`r `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi
↟)
∝
kl j` _rkbi`has kl Vkiufgº
Vuhatkrga j` eu`rzas `l jgr`ffgºkkl l j` T `s gmuai a f`rk>
E B
◥
∝ fks:0
¯y 8 ? E
+ ] + E AW AW 8 E U U
22=.?7 + 0?? + E AW AW 8 1?4: AW 8 605.71cm e ( ) E AW
↑
_k _krr ik taltk taltk,, ia eu`r eu`rza za `n`rfg `n`rfgja ja skbr` `i tkp` A `s>
8 8
2 2 E AW + E AW
E A
E A
264.7:2 + 605.712
( E A 8 :27.01cm e
)
V`ltgjk j` ia eu`rza E A , h`jgjk j`sj` `i `n` T> tal α 8
605.71
264.7: 605.71 α 8 arftal 264.7:
α 8 05.2?◥
e ) Eu`rza `n`rfgja skbr` `i `n` J. Faifui`hks `i hkh`ltk m`l`raja pkr ias eu`rzas, r`sp`ftk ai pultk A>
¯A 8 ? H
∝ ?.06 + E UU ∝ ?.61: + E D D ∝ ?.02 8 ] ∝ ∝ ?.60 + E J ∝ ?.=0 621.1:= ∝ ?.06 + 1?4: ∝ ?.61: + 1:7=.5 ∝ ?.02 8 0?? ∝ ?.60 + E J ∝ ?.=0 E B
E J 8
111:.6: ?.=0
( E J 8 1:40.=4cm e
↟)
R`spu`sta>ia eu`rza `n`rfgja skbr` `i `n` J `s skiah`lt` dkrgzkltai qu` tg`l` ul hºkjuik R`spu`sta>ia . j` j` 1:40.=4 1:40.=4 cm e m) m) _ar _ar a apigfar para ia ap`rtura j` ia fkhpu`rta gle`rgkr. _ara qu` ia fkhpu`rta gle`rgkr s` ap`rtur`, lk j`b` j` dab`r fkltaftk `ltr` ias jks fkhpu`rtas, para ik fuai, ia eu`rza `l B `s f`rk (E B 8 ?) y `s` _AR tg`l` qu` v`lf`r `i hkh`ltk qu` m`l`ral ias eu`rzas skbr` ia fkhpu`rta piala.
:?
Glm`lg `lg`r `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm
Vkiufgº kl j` _rkbi`has kl
Faifui`hks `i hkh`ltk m`l`raja pkr ias eu`rzas, r`sp`ftk j` K> ¯ k 8 ] ?.0fks:0 ◥ + E R ?.0 H
∝ ∝
∝ ¯ k 8 :?? ∝ ?.60 + 174.4= ∝ ?.0 H ∝ h ¯ k 8 2:?.45cm e H
R`spu`sta> `i _AR h R`spu`sta> hººılghk qu` s` j`b` apigfa apigfarr a ia fkhpu`r fkhpu`rta ta piala, para m`l`rar ia h. ap`rtura j` ia fkhpu`rta gle`rgkr `s 2:?.45cm e
∝
:1
Glm`lg `lg`r `rººıa Fgv Fgvgi gi Glm
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