IGCSE 14 Momentum

EDEXCEL IGCSE / CERTIFICATE IN PHYSICS 1-4

Momentum Edexce IGCSE P!"#$c# %&'e# (4 to 41 All content applies only to Tr Triple iple Science. )une 1*t! +,1+

Edexce S%ec$$c&t$on Section 1: Forces and motion c. Foce#0 moement0 #!&%e &nd momentum 2no3 &nd u#e t!e e&t$on#!$% momentum 5 m&## 6 eoc$t"  p = m × v  u#e t!e $de&# o momentum to ex%&$n #&et" e&tue# u#e t!e con#e&t$on o momentum to c&cu&te t!e m&##0 eoc$t" o momentum o o78ect# u#e t!e e&t$on#!$% oce 5 c!&n'e $n momentum / t$me t&2en demon#t&te &n unde#t&nd$n' o Ne3ton9# t!$d &3 Red type: Triple Science Only

Momentum : p.  p. momentum = mass x velocity  p = m x  v   v  mass $# mass  $# me&#ued $n kilograms (kg velocity $# velocity  $# me&#ued $n metres per second (m!s momentum $# momentum  $# me&#ued $n kilogram metres per second (kg m!s

Momentum !&# 7ot! magnitude &nd magnitude  &nd direction;; direction It# d$ect$on $# t!e #&me &# t!e eoc$t";

T!e 'e&te t!e m&## o & u'7" %&"e t!e 'e&te $# !$# momentum

m/# mass = %$$ kg

Com%ete  An#3e# momentum

mass

velocity

1>, 2' m/#

>, 2'

( m /#

1?, 2' m/#

@ 2'

+, m/#

1>,, 2' m/#

+>, 2'

? m /#

 2' m/# 4 2'

>,, '

@ m /#

( 2' m/#

2' 2'2 ? 2'

>, cm/#

Foce &nd momentum

 A oce 3$ c&u#e t!e t!e eoc$t" o &n o78ect o78ect to c!&n'e &nd t!eeoe &#o $t# momentum; T!e 'e&te t!e oce t!e &#te t!e momentum m omentum c!&n'e#;

Momentum0 &ccee&t$on &nd oce Con#$de & 7od" o m&## m c!&n'$n' eoc$t" om u  to  to v  $n  $n t$me t ; acceleration = velocity c&ange ' time taken a = (v  (v –  – u) u) /   /  t   t  Mut$%" 7ot! #$de# o t!$# eu&t$on 7" t!e m&##0 m '$e# ma = m ( v – u   ) /   ) /  t   t  ma = ( mv – mv – mu) mu) /   /  t   t  ma $# eu& to t!e oce0 F  c&u#$n'  c&u#$n' t!e &ccee&t$on; &nd :mv  :mv  B  B mu . $# eu& to t!e momentum c!&n'e  And #o F = ( mv – mv – mu   ) t 

orce =

momentum c&ange time taken or t&e c&ange

orce $# orce  $# me&#ued $n ne)tons (* c&ange in momentum $# momentum $# me&#ued $n kilogram metres per second (kg m!s time $# time  $# me&#ued $n seconds (s

,, N

(,,, 2'm/#

?#

@,, N

@,,, 2'm/#

1, #

4N

4@, 2'm/#

+ m$nute#

Momentum con#e&t$on -omentum is conserved in any collision or explosion provided no external orces act on t&e colliding or exploding odies.

T!e $n$t$& momentum o t!e "eo3 c& !&# 7een con#eed con#eed &nd t&n#eed to t!e ed c& 

2' tuc2 5 ,;> 2' x 1;+ m/# 5 ,;? 2' m/# 1;> 2' tuc2 5 1;> 2' x , m/# 5 , 2' m/# tot& $n$t$& momentum 5 ,;? 2' m/# -omentum is conserved in t&e collision #o tot& momentum &te co$#$on 5 ,;? 2' m/# total momentum = total mass x velocity ,;? 2' m/# 5 +;, 2' x v  ,;? = +;, 5 v  common velocity = $." m!s

?,, 2' m/# total momentum = total mass x velocity >?,, 2' m/# 5 +,,, 2' x v  >?,, = +,,, 5 v  common velocity = /.% m!s

Choose appropriate appropriate words to fill in the gaps below: mass multiplied The momentum of an object is equal to its ______ direction by its velocity. Momentum has _________, the same as the velocity, and is measured in ilogram _______ metres per second. orces act !n any interaction of bodies, where no e"ternal _______ momentum is conserved. on the bodies, __________

!n snooer, a head#on collision of a white ball with a red ball same initial can result in the red ball moving off with the ______ velocity of the white ball. This is an e"ample of momentum conservation  ____________. WORD SELECTION: direction orces same conservation metres momentum mass

He&d-on co$#$on# In t!$# c&#e 7od$e# &e mo$n' $n o%%o#$te d$ect$on#; -omentum &as direction. ne d$ect$on $# te&ted &# %o#$t$e0 t!e ot!e &# ne'&t$e; In c&cu&t$on# t!e eoc$t" o one o t!e co$d$n' 7od$e# mu#t 7e enteed &# & *0AT230 num7e; *0AT230 num7e;

*0AT230

DIRECTIN F MTIN

4 ve velocity

5 ve velocity

6OS2T230

,,2' eco$

#!e0 m&## +,2'

  N   T I   M  F       N  R E C T I  D I R  2 3 0  * 0 1A T

1>, m/#

 2 3 0  6 O S 2 T

T&e total momentum eore and ater t&e explosion is 70RO  p = m x  v   v  #!e 5 +, 2' x 1>, m/# 5 (,,, (,,, 2'  2' m/# T!$# mu#t c&nce t!e momentum o t!e 'un; T!eeoe t!e 'un9# momentum mu#t 7e -(,,, -(,,, 2'  2' m/# 'un 5 1>,, 2' x eco$ eoc$t" 5 -(,,, -(,,, 2'  2' m/# eco$ eoc$t" 5 5  - (,,, = 1>,, 5 - +m/# T&e gun )ill recoil (move to t&e let )it& a velocity o / m!s.