Ielts 12
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UNIVRSITY PRESS
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CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH
•i i Language Assessment ,.,. 1
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Part of he Univesiy o Cambdge
ACDEMI WITH ANSWERS
AUTHENTIC EXAMINATION PAPERS
Cambridge Universi Prs .co/lt ambridge Ensh Langage ssessmen wwclo oto o t ttl: wwco9781316637821 © S 2017 It olly c w po po copy to ot in ance o pul pl w t t ck of t ook to cop ut cl ol qut w t ot cy to t to p po o ul tc tc to k co cop p u w o ow cl Oly O ly to p t c t wo wo '©S '©S 2017 •f@gidM' y cop Ft pul 2017 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 t Mly y V t A catalogue record recordfor for th pubicatn avaiabe m the British Libra
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Contents Introduction Test 5
10
est 6
30
Test 7
53
st 8
74
Audioscripts
4
95
Listening and Reading Answer Kys Sample answers for Writig tasks Sample ansYer sheets Acknowledgments
132 136
116 124
3
Introductio T he Inter The Internati nationl onl English Language Langu age Testing Sys System tem (ELTS) is wide recogn rec ognise isedd as a reliable means of assessng the language ablty of canddates who need to study or work where English is the langua language ge of communcaton. communcaton. T ese Practe Practe Tests are desgned to give future IEL IELTS TS canddates an dea of wether their Englis s at the requred level ELTS s s owned by three patnes, Cambrdge Engls Language Assessm Assessment ent part of the University of Cambrdge the Brtsh Councl and IDP Educaton Pty Lmited (thrugh its subsidiary ompany ompany IELTS Australa Pty Limted) Further nrmaton on IELTS can c an be found on the IELTS webste wwweltsorg WHAT IS THE TEST FORMAT?
consists of of coonents Al candidates tae the sae istenin and eaing tests hee is a choce of Reading and Witin tests t ests accordng accordng to hether a candidate is tain the Acadeic o General Trani Traning ng odule Academic
General Training
Fo candidates ishin o stud at undeaduate or ostaduate levels and those seein oessiona oessiona eisation
Fo candidates ishin ishin to iate to an Enish-seain Enish-se ain cont (Astaia Canada Ca nada New Zeaand K and those ishin to tain o std a eo deee ee
he test coonents ae taen in the followin ode: Listening
4 secions 40 iesaoxiate 30 intes Academic Reading
3 secions 40 ies 60 intes
General Training Reading
o
Academic Writing
2 ass 60 ines
3 secions 40 ies 60 ines Geneal raining Writing
o Speaking
11 o 14 intes Total st Time
os 44 ne
tass 60 ines 2
Induction
ACADEMIC TEST FORMAT
Listening This test consists of ur sections, each with ten questions. The first to sections are concerned ith social needs he first fi rst section is a conversation beeen to speakers and the second section is a monologue he final to sections are conc concerned erned ith ituations related to educational or training contexts he third section is a conversation convers ation beteen up to ur people and the fourh section is a monologue. A variety of question types is used, including: ultiple choice matching, plan/map/ diagram labelling, form copletion note completion, table completion, o-chart completion, summary summ ary completion sentence completion and an d shor-anser questions. Candidates hear hear the recording once only and anser the questions a ass they listen Ten Ten minutes are alloed at the end r candidates to transfer their ansers to the anser sheet
Reading This test test consists of three sections ith 40 questions T There here are three texts hich are taken from journals, books, magazines and nespapers The texts are on topics of general interest At least one texttypes contains detailed logicalmultiple argument A variety of question is used, including choice, identiing inrmation (True/False/Not Given) identiing the riter's vies/claims (Yes/No/Not Given) matching inrmation, matching headings matching features, matching sentence endings sentence completion sumary copletion, note completion, table completion, flo-cha copletion, diagram label copletion and shor-anser questions
Writing This test consists of to tasks It is suggested that candidates spend about 20 inute inutess on Task 1 hich requires them to rite at least 150 ords, and 40 minutes on o n ask ask 2 hich requiress them to rite at least 250 ords ask 2 contributes require c ontributes tice as much as Task 1 to the Writing score Task 1 requires candidates to look at a diagram or some data (in a graph, table or cha) and to present the infrmation in their on ords hey are assessed o on n their ability to organise, present and possily compare data, and are required to describe the stages of a process describe an object or event or explain ho something orks In ask ask 2, candidates are presented ith a point of o f vie, argument o orr problem hey are assessed on their ability to present a solution to the problem, present and justi an opinion, compare and contrast evidence and opinions and to evaluate and challenge ideas, evidence or arguments Candidates are also assessed on their ability to rite in an appropriate style More information on assessing the Writing test, including riting assessment criteria (public version) versio n) is available on the IELTS ebsite
5
Intrducion
Speaking This test takes between 11 and 14 minutes and an d is conduct conducted ed by a trained traine d examiner. There are three parts: Pa 1
The ndidate and the examiner introduce themselves themse lves Candidates then the n answer gene general ral questions about themselves, their home/family their job/studies, their interests and a wide range of similar familiar topic areas. This part lasts between four and ve minutes Pa 2
The candidate is given a task card ca rd with prompts a and nd is asked ask ed to t o talk on o n a particular topic The candidate has one minute to prepare and they ca make some notes if the wish before speaking for beeen one and two minutes The examiner then asks one or o questions on the same topic topic Pa3
The examiner examiner and the candidate engage en gage in a di discussion scussion of o f more abstract abst ract issues which are thematically linked to the topic t opic in P Part art 2. The discussion discus sion lasts between four fo ur and five minutes mi nutes The Speaking Speak ing test assesses whether candidates candid ates can commun communicate icate eetivel eetivelyy iin n English Te assessment takes into account Fluency and Coherence Coherence,, Lexical Resource Re source Grammatical Rane and Auracy and Pronunciation. More information on assessing the Speaking test, including Speaking assessment crteria (public version) is available on the IELTS website
6
Introduction HOW IS IELTS SCORED?
IELTS rsults are repoed on a nine-band scale In addition to the score for over overall all language ability, IELT provides a score iin n the fom o off a profile for each of the fur skills (istening Reding Witing and Speaking). Speaking). These scores are lso reported on a nine-band sle All scoes are recorded on the Test Test Repor Form along with details of the ndidate's nationality fit lnguage lnguage nd date of bith Each Overall Band Scor Score e coresponds to a descr descriptive iptive statement which gives a summary of the English language ability of a candidat classied at that level The nine bands and their descriptive stat statements ements are as llows:
9 Expe Use Ha flly nal mman f h langag: aa, aa an n wh ml nanng. -
8 Ve G Use Ha f nal mman f h langag wh nly aonal nma naa an naa Mnanng may n nfama an Hanl ml a anan w -
-
G Use naa Ha nal mman f h langag hgh wh anal 7 naa naa an mnanng n an nal hanl ml langag w an nan a anng 6 Cpee Use Ha gna v mman f h langg m na na naa naa an munnng an an nan fa ml langag, ala n fama an -
5 es e Ha aal mman f h langag, ng a manng n m an an gh gh lkly mak many mk Shl Shl b abl hanl ba mmnan mmna n n wn l l
4 Le Use Ba mn lm fama an Ha qn blm n nn an n n abl m langug -
3 Exe L e nvy an nan nly gnl manng n v fama an an Fqn bakwn n mmnan o
2
ee Use N al mmnan bl f h m ba nfan ng la h fla n n fama an an m mma n Ha ga ly nanng nan ng kn an wn w n ngh ngh -
1 Use na ha n ab h langag byn bly a fw la la w -
O D ep ep e es
-
N aabl nfan v
7
Introduction MARKING THE PRACTICE TESTS
Listening and Reading The Answer Keys are on pages 116-123. Each question in the Listening and Reading tess is worth one mark
Quesns which requ le Roman numel answers •
For quesions where he answers are leers or Roman numerals, you should wrie ony the number of answers required. For example if he answer iiss a single letter or numeral you should wrie only one answer If you have wrien more leters or numerals han are required, the answer mus be marked wrong
Questions which require answers in the rm of words or numbe • Answers may be wrien in upper or lower case case • Words in brackets are opona- they are correct cor rect bu not necessary • Alernative answers are separaed by a slash (/) •
•
• • • • •
If you are asked to wrie an answer using a cerain number of words and/or (a) number(s) you will be penalised if you exceed his For example if a quesion specifies an answer using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS and the correct answer is 'black leather coa he answer coa of black leah leaher er is incorect. In questions where you are expeced o complee a gap you should only ransfer he necessary missing word(s) onto the answer sheet For example, to complete 'in the where the correct answer is morning the answer 'in the morning would be ncorect All answers require correc spelling (including words in brackets) Both US and UK spelling are acceptable and are included in the Answer Key All standard alternatives for numbers dates and currencies are accepable accepable All sandard abbreviations are accepable You will fnd addiional noes about individual answers in he Answer Key
Writing The sample sample answers are on pages 124-131. I is not possible r you to give yourself a mark for the Writing tasks We have provi provided ded sample answers (written (w ritten by candidate candidates) s) showing heir score and he examiners commens. These Thes e sample answers answe rs will give you an ins insigh igh nto what is reqired for he Wrii Wriing ng test
8
Introducn
HOW SHOULD YOU INTERPRET YOUR SCORES?
At the end of each Listening and Readng Answer Key you will find a char which will help you assess whether, on the bass of your Practice Test results, you are ready to take the IELTS test In nterpreting nterpreting your there of in ponts you should in i n amind perormance in the realscore IEL TS test are will abe b enumber reported tto o ways: there bear wll be BandYour Score from 1 to 9 for each of the components and an Overa Overallll Band Score from 1 to 9 whch s the the average average of your scores n the four components However nstitutons consdering yur application are advsed to look at both te t e Overall Band Score and the Bands r each componen componentt in order to determne whether you hve the lnguage sklls needed r partular curse of study. For example, f your course 'involves involves lot of reading and writing but no lectures lstenng skills mght be less important and a score of 5 in Lstenng mght be acceptble accept ble f the Overll Bnd Sco Score re ws 7 However, fr a course cou rse whch has lots of lectures and spoen nstructions score of 5 in Lstenng mght be unacceptble even though the Overall Band Score was 7 Once you have marked your tests you should have some dea of whether your lstenng nd reding sklls re good enough r you to try the IELTS test. If you dd well enough n one componen component,t, but not n others, you w wllll have to decd decde e for yourself whether you are ready to take take the test. The T he Practice Tests hve been checked to ensure that they are of approximately the same levell of dficulty leve dficulty s the real IELTS test. However However we cannot guarantee that your sc score ore n the Pracce Tests will be reflected in the real IES test. The Practice Tests can only give you n dea of your possble future perormance and it is ultimately up to you to make decisions based on your score Derent nstitutions accept derent IELTS scores r dierent types of courses We have based our recommendations on the average scores whch the majority of nstitutons accept The T he nstitution to to whch you ar are e applying my of course cours e require a higher highe r or lower score s core than most other nsttutions. Fuher information
For more information about IEL TS or any other Cambridge nglish Language L anguage Assessment Assess ment examnaton examnat on wrte to Cmbrdge English Language Assessment 1 Hlls Hlls Road Cambrdge CB12EU Unted Kngdom https/suppocambridgeenglishorg httpwweltsorg
Tst 5 LISTENING
SECTION 1
Questns 1-10
Complete the notes below. Wt ONE Wt ONE ORD AND/OR A NUMB for each ans
FAMILY EXCURSIONS
Cruse o a lake xale
•
T v n n d . .§�!Di §�!Di
•
n t pht f th 1 . tht nd th
Farm s • hdn cn hp fd th hp • • •
Vt cn ncd 40-nt d n 2 Vt cn w n th f' 3 by th vb t xt ct
Clg s • yt xp th Bc Rd • •
A 5 pvdd Ony tb f cyct wh hv 6 B cn b hd hd f f 7 (n (n th Shp Tn)
10
Lstening
•
Cyclists need: a repair kit food and drink a 8 . (can be hied)
•
T here ae oo 9 ·--···· o accommdt accommdton on in the area
Cost
•
Tta Ttall s s for wol wolee am amililyy o cr crui uise se n ndd f frm rm vi visi sitt 10 $ _
11
Test5 SECTION 2
Questions 11-20
Questions 1-4
hoose the correct le A, B or C.
Talk to new kitchen assistants 11
According to the manager, what do most people like about the job of kitchen assistant? B C
12
13
The manager is concerned about some of the new sta's
jewellery.
B C
hair styles shoes
he anager says that the day is likely to be busy for kitchen sta because B C
14
the variety of work the friendly atmosphere the opportunities for promotion
it is a public holiday the head chef is absent the restaurant is almost fully booked
Only kitchen sta who are 8 or older are alowed to use B C
the waste isposal unit the electric mixer the meat m eat slicer
Questons 15 and 16
hoose O lers A-E
Accod o e aager, which things can make the ob o tcen assstant assstant stressful? B C D
hey have to llow orders imediately The kitchen gets very hot They may not be able to take a break They have to do overtime
E
The work is physically demanding
12
Lstening Questions 17-20
What is te responsibility responsibility of each o off te following restaurant sta? A- next Choose FOUR answe from the box and write the coct le A- next Questions 1720. Responsibilities A
training courses
B
food stocks
C
first aid
D
breakages
E
sta discounts
F
timetables
Restaurant staf 17
Joy Parkins
18
David Field
19
Dexter Wills
20
Mike Smit
..............
....... ............. ..............
to
13
Test5 SECTION 3
Questons 21-30
Questions 21-23
Choose the coct le A, B or C .
Paper on Public Libraries 21
What will be he main topic of Trudie and Stewa's paper? A B C
how public libra seices are organsed in diferent cuntre how changes in society are reflected in public libaries how the fudig of public liraies has changed
They agee ha one dsadvntage of ree dgitaisd books is hat A they may take a ong tme to read they can b dificult to red C the the are generaly ld 23 Sewart expects that in the future libraies will A B C
mantan the traditinal funcion bcome cnres for lcal communitis no ongr cotain any books
Quesons 24-30
Complete the notes below. W ONE WRD ONLY fr each anse
Study of local library: possible questions • whether has 4 . o its own it policy regarding nise of varius kinds how ts aeed by laws regardng all aspects of 5 • how the design needs o take the 6 of stomers into acount • what 7 s rquired in case of accidents
• why a amous amous ersons 8 s located in the lbrary • whethe i has 9 of local organisations • ow dfrn rom a brary 30 14
Lstening SECTION 4
Questions 31-40
Comple the notes bew. Write NO MORE THAN ORDS f each anse
Four business values Many business business values can result result in 31 Senior managers need to understand and deal with the potential Senior 32 . . that may result Cllaat During a training course course,, the speaker was in a team that had to t o build a 33 .
Otherr teams experienced 34 from trying to collaborate Othe collaborate The speaker's team won because they reduced col collaboration laboration Sales of a 35 were poor because of collaboration collaborat ion Ite Hard work work may be a bad use of various company 36 The word word 'lazy 'lazy'' in this context refers to people who avoid doing tasks that are 37 Ceatt An adveising campaign campaign for a 38 was memorable but failed tto o boost sales reativit should should be used as a response to a particular 39 Eellee According to one stud, on average, pioneers h had ad a 40 that was far higher than that of followers ompanies ompan ies that always aim at excellenc excellence e may miss opportunities
15
Test5 READING
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Q 1-13 , which are based on Reading Passage belo.
Cork ork the thic thick k bark of the cork oak tree (Quercus suber)- is a emarkable material It is tough, eastic, buoyant,
Porgal Spain, Ita, Greece and Morocco They osh in warm, sny cmates where ere is a minim of
and re-resistant, and suitable r a wide range of prposes. It has also been used r millennia: the ancient Egyptians sealed their sarcophagi (stone cons) with cork, while the ancient Greeks and Romans used it r anyhing om beehives to sandals And the cork oak itself is an extraordinary tree Its bark grows up to 20 cm n thickness inslating the tree like like a coat wrapped around
400more millime millimees of rain per yea, yea ,Like and not thanes800 than millimees grape vines, the trees thve in poor soil, putng down deep roots in search of moisture and nuients Southern Portugal'ss A Portugal' Alentejo lentejo region meets meet s all of these reqirements, reqirements, which explains wh, by e early early 20th ccentr, entr, this region had become the world's lagest producer of cork, and why today it acconts for roughly ha of a all cork production produc tion arond the world.
the trunk and branhes and keeping e inside at a constant 20 al year rond Developed mos probably as a defence against rest res, the bark of the cork oak has a particular cellar cell ar strcte strcte wi about 40 million cells per cic centimetre that technology technology has never succeeded in replicang. The The cells a are re lled wth ai, which is why cok is so buoyant It also has an elasticity that meas you can sqash it and watch it spring
Most cork rests are familyowned Many of these family businesses, and indeed many of e trees themselves, are arond 200 years old ork production is, above all, an exercise in patience From the planting of a cork sapling to e rst harvest harve st tes 2 5 years, and a gap of approximately a decade must separate harvests om an individual tree. tree . And r topquality cork, its necessary to wait a rther
°
back to its original size and shape when you release the presse. C er of Mediteane Medite anean an coies, incding
1 or 20 years You even have to wait r the ght kind of o f summers day to harvest cork If I f the bark is stripped on a day en s oo cold or the air is damp e tree be damaged damaged
16
Reading
Cork harvesng harvesng is a ve specialised prossin. No mechanical means of stripping cork bark has been invented, inven ted, so the job is done by teams
is caused y a chemical compound called 24,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), which rms through the inteaction of plant phenols chlorine and mould.
of highly skilled workers. First, they make vertical cuts down the bark using small sharp axes then lever it away in pieces as large as they can manage manage The most skil cork strippers prise away a semi-circular husk that runs the length of the trunk from just above ground level to the rst branches. It is then dried on the gound r about ur moths bere being taken to ctories, where it is boiled to kill any insects that might
Thethree tinies tiniest concen trations as lile as ort concentratio ur parts part s tons a illion can spoil the taste of the product contained in the bottle. The result has bee a gradual yet steady move rst towards plastic stoppers and more recently, recently, to aluminium screw caps. These substitutes are cheaper to manuacture and in the case of screw caps, more convenient r the use.
remain the cork 60% of cork thein then n goes on toOver e made into traditional tradit ional bottle stoppers, with ost of the remainder being used in the constructon constru cton trade. Corkboard and cork tiles are ideal r thermal and acoustic insulation, while granules of cork are used in the manuactue of concrete. Reent years a seen the ed o te virtual nol nol o as he
have several advantages howeve. Firstly Firstly its traditional traditio nal image is mor in keeping with that of the type of high quality goods with which it has long been associated. Secondly and very importany importany cork is a sustainable product that can be recycled recycle d wthout diculty. diculty. Moreove, cork rests are a resouce which support local biodiversity bi odiversity and prevent desertication in the regions where they are planted. So given the current
materal r tte av to ocens ou ests eet i on the contens te l. s
conces issues the utreabout of thisenvironmental ancient aterial once again looks promising.
The classic cork stopper does
17
Test5 Questions 1-5
Do the following statements agree with the information information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-5 on yur answer sheet, te the statement agrees with the infoation RUE if the statement stateme nt contradi the informat information ion FALSE NO GVEN there is no information on this
The cork oak has the thickest bark of any liing tree.
2
Scientists have developed a _synthetic cork with the same cellular structure as Scientists natural cork
3
Individual cork oak trees must be le r 5 years between the first and second
4
haest Cork bark shold be stripped in dry atmospheric conditions
The only way to remov the bark from cork oak ttrees rees is by had
18
Reading Questions 613
Comple the nos below. Choose ONE WOD ONLY from the passa Choose ONE passage ge for each anse yur ansers ansers in i n boxes on yur anser sheet.
Comparison of aluminium screw caps and cork bottle stoppers Advantages of aluminium screw caps • h 6 . h b 7 8 dvantages of cork ole stoers h 9 qy 10 • y 11 • 12 • 13 h
Test READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Q 146 , ich are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
COLLECTING AS A HOBBY Collecting must must be one of the most varied vari ed f human activities, and it's one that many of us psychologist psychologistss find fascinating Many forms of cllecting have been dignified with a technical name: an archtphilist collects teddy bears, a philatelist collects postage stamps, and a deltilogist cllects pstcards. Amassing hundreds or
Some may spend their whole lives in a hunt fr this Psychol Psychological ogicall, l, this can give a purpose to a life that thewise feels aimless There is a danger, though, that if the individual is ever lucky enugh t find what theyre loking loking for, rather than celebrating celebratin g their success, they may feel empt, now that the gal that drove them
on has gone even thousands of postcards, chcolate wrappers or whatever, takes time energy If you think about collecting pstage and money that could surely be put to much more productive use And yet there stamps, another potential reasn for are millions of colletors around the world it-or, perhaps, a result f collecting-is collecting-is Why do they do it? its educatinal value Stamp cllecting opens a window t other countries, and There are the people who collect because to the plant plants, s, animals, animals , or famous famou s peple they want to make money-this could be shown on their stamps Similarl, in the called an instrumental reason for collecting; 19th centur, many collectors amassed that is, is, collecting as a means to to an end fssils animals and plants from around Theyll look fr sa sa antiques that they the globe, and their collections collec tions provided cansell buy to be able anatural vast amount amoun of infrmation about the t atcheaply a profit and But expect there may well be a worldt Without those collections psycholgical element, too-buying cheap our understanding would be greatly inferir and selling dear can give the cllector a t what it is sense of triumph And as selling online is so eas, more and more peple are joining in n the past -and nowadays, too, though to a lesser extent-a popular form for m of Many collectrs collect to develop their colleting, colle ting, particularly among boys social aenng meetings of a group and men, was trainspong s mig mig of colleors and exchanging information involve involv e trying t see every locomotive f a on items This is a variant var iant n oining a
bridge club r a gym and similarly brings
particular type using published data that identifies identifi es each one and ticking o each
them into contact with likeminded people Another motive fr collecting is the desire to find something special, or a particular part icular exampe the cected item, item, such as a rare early recording record ing by a paticular sing singer er
engine as it isthese seendays Trainspotters Trainspotters exchange information, ofen by mobile phne so they can work ut ut where t g to, to t o see a particular engine engin e As a by prdut, many pratitioners of the hobby becme vey knowledgeable knowledgeable about railway
20
Reading
operations, or the technical specifications of diferent engine tpes.
perhaps b countr in alphabetical order, or grouping stamps sta mps b what the dep depict ict people, birds, maps, and so on
Similarly, people who collect dolls ma go beond simpl and develop aneJarging inerest intheir the collection, wa that dolls are made, or the materials that are used These have changed over the centuries from the wood that was standard in 16th centur Europe, through the wax and porcelain of later centuries, to the plastics plas tics of toda's dolls. Or collectors might be inspired to stud how dolls reflect notion notionss of what children like, or ought to like
what One reason, conscious or not,s f to r show someone choos chooses es to collect the colleors individualism. Someone who decides to collect something as r instance, unexpected as dog collars collars f ma be conveing their belief that the must be interesting themselves And believe it or not, there is at least one dog collar museum in existence, and it grew out of a personal collection
Of course, all hobbies give pleasure, but collecting ing is us usuall uall Not all collectors are interested in learning the common factor in collect passion: pleasure is putting it far too from their their hobby, though, so what we mildl More than most other hobbies, might call a pschological pschological reason or collecting can be totall engrossing, collecting colle cting iiss the need for a sense of and can give a strong sense of personal control,l, perhap contro perhapss as a wa of dealing with nonc ollectors rs it ma appear insecurit Stamp collectors, for instance, fulfilment noncollecto spending· arrange their stamps in albums, usuall ver an eccentric, if harmless, wa of spending· neatl organising their collection according time, but potentially, collecting has a lot going for it to cerain commonplace principles -
21
Test Questions 14-21
Complete the sentences below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each anse rite your your ansers in boxes 14-21 on your anser sheet.
14
The writer mentions collecting ............ as an example of collecting in order to make money
15 Collectors may get a feeling of ........... from buying and selling items. 16
Collectors' clubs provide provid e opporunities to share sha re ............. .
17
Collectors clubs oer ............ with people who have similar interests.
18
Collecting sometimes involves a life-long ............ fr a special item. i tem.
19
Searching for something paricular may prevent people from feeling their life is completely ............ .
20
Stamp collecting may be ............ because it provides facts about diferent contries.
21
........... tends to e mostly a male hobby.
Questons 2-26
Do the following statements agree with the inrmation given in the passage on paes 20 and and 21? In boes 2-26 on your anser sheet, if the statement agrees the infoan RUE if the stament contradicts the information FALSE NO GVEN if there i no infoation on this
22
he number of people buying dolls has grown over the centuries.
23
Sxteenth century European dolls were normally made of wax and porcelain.
24 Arranging a stamp collecton by the size of the stamps s less common than other methods. 25
Someone who collects unusual objects may want other otherss to think he or she is also nusual.
26
Collecting gives a feeling that other hobbies are unlikely to inspire.
22
Reading READING PASSGE 3
You should end about 20 minus on Questions 27-40 27-40,, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on pages 24 and 25. Questions 27-32
Reading Passage 3 has six sections, -F -F.. Choose the coct heag for each section m the st of headings belo W the coct numbe numbe v, v, in boxes 27-32 on yur answer sheet
L f H Courses tat require a igh level o commitment
A course title with two meanings
The equal impoance o two key issues
Applying a thory in an unxpected context
Te inancial beneits o studying
A surprising course title
Dirent names or dierent outcomes
Te possibility o attractin the wrong kid o student
27
Section
28
Section B
29
Section
0
Section
1
Section E
32
Section F
23
Test
Wat's the pupose of g ainin ainin knowled e ? e? A
'I would und u nd an institution ere any person can nd instruction in any subject. That wsofthe r Cornell Universi, and itI currently seems an teach apt characterization eunders dierent motto universit, al also so in the US, ere cu rrently philosoph student can prepare r a career in reort management, engineering, interior design, accounting, music, law enrcement, you name it But what would the under of these two institutions institution s he thought of a course called �son r Pr Prot ot?? I kid you not: we h it on the boos ny unergraua unergrauate te who have met the academic requirements can sign up r the course in our program in re cience
Naturall, the course is intended r prospective arson invetigator, who w ho can learn all the tricks of the trade r detecting whether a re was deliberately set, s et, discovering ho did it, an a n establishing a chain of evidence r ective ectiv e prosecution in a court c ourt of la But wouldnt thi also be the perct course r propective arsonists arsonist s to sign up r? r ? My point is not to criticize acaemic programs in re science they are highly welcome as part of the increasing prosionalization of this and many other occupations occ upations However, its not unknown r a reghter to torch a building This example suggests h ihonet and illeg behavior, behavior, with wi th the help of o f hier eucation, can creep into int o every apect of public and business li
I realize this aew when I was invite to speak bere a clas in marketing, which is another of our degree programs The regulr instructor is a collegue o appreciat appreciates es the kind of ethic ethic perpective I can bring as a s a philosopher There are endle endless ss ways wa ys I could have appached is asignment, but I took my cue om the title of o f the course Principles Principles of Marketing Marketing It made me think to ask the tudents, I marketing principled? l ,otball l, a subectormatter hhave ave being principles in the in sene being having rules,er with chess, can without principle e of sense of codied, being ehicl Many of the stuents immediately immediatel y assume that the answer ttoo my queston about marketing principles s obvious no. Just look at the ways in which everything under the sun h been marketed; obviouly it need not be done in a prncild (=ethical) ashion
D
I that obvious? I made the suggestion, which may ound downright crazy in ligh lightt of the evidence, that perhaps mrketing i by dfniton principle My inspiration r ti
ugement is the phiosopher Immanuel Imman uel Kant, o argued that any boy of nowledge consists of an end (or purpose) pu rpose) and a means means
24
Reading
E
Let u apply both the terms 'means and 'end to marketing. e studen h signed up r a course in order to learn how to maret eectivel. But to what ere seem to be o main attitud attitud tor tordd that question. One is that the answer is obvious: the 1
purpose ofmarketing marketing to sel things t hings and to t o mke mone. T he other titude tit is that puose of marke ting isisirrelant: ach person comes to theThe program andude course withthe his or her own plans, and these need not no t even conce the acquisition of o f marketing expertise exper tise as such such My proposl, which I believe would also be Kants, is that neie of these the se attitudes attitudes captures the signice of the end to the means me ans r marketing marketing A eld eld of knowledge knowledge or a prssional prssional ender is dened by both the th e means an the end; hence bo deserv scrutin scrutin Studens Studens need to study both how to achive X, and also what X is. F
It is at his his point hat ½son r Prot becomes b ecomes supremely releant. at course is presumably presum ably al about abo ut m how to detect and prosecute crimin activi. It is therere assumed that he e is good in ehica sense. hen I ask r science sc ience students to articulatee the end, or purpose, articulat pu rpose, of heir eld, the entually generaliz to something li, 'e saty and welare ofsociet, which seems riht. As we w e have seen, someone could use the very same knowledge of mea to achiee a much less noble end, such s personal personal prot via desructi, dangerous, reckess activi But we woul not c thatfgn. We have a separate word r it: aon. Similarly if you employed he 'principles 'principles of mrketing in an unprincipled way, you woul not be din marken We have aothe aotherr term r it: fu. Kant gs the example of a doctor and a poisone, who use th thee identicall knowedge to acieve identica aci eve heir dirgent ends. We woud say that one is i s practicing medicine, the oe, murder
25
Test5 Questons 33-36
Complete the summa bew. Choose NO MORE THAN WRDS from the passage for each anse W your ansers in boxes 33-36 on ur anser shee
The 'Arson for Profit course This is a university course intended for students who are undergraduates and who are studying 33 .. ............ . The expectation expectatio n is that they will becom become e 34 ...... ...... specialising in arson. The course will help them to detect cases of arson and find 35 .......... of criminal intent, leading to successful 36 ............ in the courts. Quesns 37-40
Do the following statements agree with the iews of the writer in Reading Passage ?
In boxes 37-40 on your anser sheet, rite YES NO NOT GIVEN
if the statement agrees the vies of the r if the statemnt contradicts the vie of the ter if it is impossible to say hat e riter thinks about this
37
It is diicult to aract students onto courses that do not cus on a career.
38
The 'Arson r Prfit course would be useful r people intending to t o set fire to buildings.
39
Fire science courses are too academic to help people to be good at the job of firefighting.
40
The writers fire science science students provided a deta detailed iled definition of the purpos purpose e of of their studies.
26
Wrting WRITING
WRITING TASK 1
Yu should spend about 2 _0 minutes on this ask.
The bar cha below shows the percenge of Australian men and women in nt age groups who did regular physical activi in 2010. Smmarise the information by selecting and repong the main features, and make compaons where relevan
Write at least 150 words
Percentage of Australian men and women doing regular physical activity: 2010 60 52.8
50
-
40
� G
30 G G
20
533
10
0
15 to 24
25 to
35 to
45 to
55 to 65 and over
Ag gup
I Mle I Female 27
Test5 WRITNG TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: Some pol
blv bl v ha i i go good od o har a much infoaion a poibl in cinic rarch, buin and acadmic worl. Ohr bliv ha some informa informaion ion i oo impon or oo valuabl o b hard frly. Dicu boh h viw and an d giv our own opinion. Give reasons for your answr and include any relevant examples from your own knowlege or experience Write at least 250 words.
28
Speakg SPEAKING
PART 1
The examiner asks the ndidate about him/herself, his/her hme, work or studies and other familiar topics. EXMPLE
Health
• • • •
Is it imprtant imprtant to you to eat healthy od? hy?hy not?] If you catch a cld what do you do to help you feel better? hy?] D you pay attention to public informatin abut health? hy?/hy nt?] What coul you do to have a healthier lifestyle?
PART 2
Describe an occasion when you had to wait Describe a long time for someone or something to arrive. You should say: who or what you were waiting for how long you had to wait why you had to wait a long i ime me and explain how you felt about waiting a long time. PART 3
Discussion topics:
Yu will have to talk about the topic r one to t o wo minutes Yu have one minute to think aboutt w abou what hat yu are going to say You can make some ntes to help you if you wish.
Arriving early Example questions: In what kinds f situations should peopl always arrive early? How important it is to arrive early in your cuntry? How can modern technology help people t arrive early?
Being patient Example questions hat kinds of jobs require the mos mostt patience? Is it always beter to be patient in work (or studies)? Do you agree or disagree that the older people are, the more patient they are?
29
Test 6 LISTENING
SECTION 1
Questions 1-10
Complete the notes belo ONE WORD AND/OR AND/OR A NUMBER for each answe '
Events durig Kenton Festival xample
Start ·date: ...........�b �b.. .. May Opening ceremony (first day) •
centre, staing at ...................... In town centre, The mayor will make a speech A 2 ......................... will perform Peormance of a 3 ....... . about Helen Tungate (a (a 4 ........................... ........................... ) Evening fireworks display situated across the 5 ..............................
Other events •
1:
Videos about relationships tat children have with their 6 ...............................
•
•
Venue: 7 ............................ House eromance of 8 ............ dances Venue: the 9 ........................ market in the th e town centre Time: and pm every day except 1st day of festival Several professional concerts and one by children Venue library Time: pm on the 1th ces available one rom estival box oe a om o which have the festival 0 ............. ............... in their windows
Listening SECTION 2
Questions 1-20
Questions 11-15
Choose the coc lete A, B or .
Theatre trip to Munich 11 When the group meet at the airport they will have A B C
breakfast coee. lunch
12 The group will be met a Munich irpo irport rt by · A B C
an employee at the National Theatre a theatre manager a tour operator
13 Ho much ill they pay per night for a double room at the hotel? A B C
0 euros 0 euros 50 eurs
14 What type of restaurnt will they go to on Tuesday evening? A an Italian restaurant B a Lebanese restaurant C a typcal restaurant of the region 1 Who will they meet on Wednesday aernoon? A B
an actor a playwright
C
a theatre direor
31
Test6 Questions 1620
What does the man say about the play on each of the following days? A-G,, next to Choose FIVE answers fm the box and the coct let A-G Questions 16-20.
C A
The playwright will be present
B
The play was writen to celebrate an anniversary.
C
The play will be perormed inside a historic building.
D E
The play will be accompanied by live music. The play will be perormed outdoors
F
The play will be perormed for the first time
G
The peormance will be atended by ocials from the town.
D 16
Wednesday
17
Thursday
18
riday
1 9
Saturday
20
Monday
.. . .
32
Lsning SECTION 3
Questions 21-30
Questions 21-25
Choose the correct le A, B or .
Scandinavian Studies 21
James chose to take Scandinavian Studies because when he was a child A B C
22
When he graduates, James would like to A B C
23
C
25
take a postgraduate course. work in the media. become a translator.
Which course will end this term? A B
4
he was oen taken to Denmark. his mother spoke to him in Danish a number of Danish people visited his amily.
Swedish cinema Danish television programmes Scandinavian literature
They agree that ames's literature paper this term will be on A
9th century playwrights.
B C
the Icelandic sagas. novels modern Scandinavian
Beth recommends that Jamess paper should be
a
historical overview of the genre.
C
an in-depth analysis of a single writer a study of the social background to the literature
33
Test6 Questns 2630
Comple the ow-cha belo. Choose FIVE FIVE ansers ansers fm the t he box and the coct le AG , next to Questions 2630
A
bullet points
B
ilm
C
notes
D
structure
E F
student paper textbook
G
documentary
How James will write his paper on the Vikings He'll read a 26 .. and choose his topic Hell borrow a 7+ : f rom rom Beth
2 8 . o f the paper He'll plan the 28 paper
+ He'll read some source material and write 9
.
He'll write He'll write the paper p aper usin usingg 30
Hell wrie he coplee paper 3
Lsning SECTION 4
Questions 31-40
Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each anse
Conflict at work .. Conflict mostly consists of behaviour in the general category of 31 .. Ofen a result of people wanting wanting to to prove their 32 .............. .. be tw ....... ......... .......... ........ ........ le 33 .... ople encces in 33 pe op een en pe cause diferren twe lso ca Also use d b y dife
team am than about concerned about about own te 34 '................... ................... conflicts: people more concerned company ................ ... that may last for months Conflict-related Conflict-rel ated stress can cause 35 ............. mo nths Chief Executives (CEOs)
Many have both 36 ......... .......... . and an xiety May not like to have their decisions questioned There may be conflict between people who people who have dierent ..... diere nt 37 ..... Other managers
... may create a feeling of uncerainty ... A structure that is more 38 .. about who sta should report to
Minimising conflict
Bosses need to try hard to hard to gain 39 ....................... ....................... Someone from outside the company may be given the role of 40 ........ in Someone from order to resolve conflicts
Test6 READING
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Q 1-13 , which are based bas ed on Reading Passage belo
The risks agriculture faces in developing countries Synthesis of an onle debate* A
Two things distinguish distinguish fod production from a other productive activities: first, every single person needs food each day and has a right to it; and second, it is hugey dependent dependent on nature nature.. These two unique aspects, one poiti poitical, cal, the other natura, make food production highy vunerable and dierent from any other business t the sae time, cutural values are highly entrenched in fod and agricutura systems wordwide
B
Farmers everywhere face major risks, including extreme weather, ong-term climate change, and price volatility in input and product markets However, smallholder smallho lder farmers in deeoping countries must in addition dea with adve adverse rse environments, both natural, in terms of soil quali, rainfa, etc, and human, in terms of infrastructure, financia systems, markets, knowledge and technology Counter-intuitivey Counter-intuitiv ey,, h hunger unger is prevaent among many man y smallholder farmers in tthe he developing word
c
Participants in the online debate argued that our biggest challenge is to address the underlying causes of the agricultural system's inability to ensure suicient od for all, and they identified as drivers of this problem our dependency on fossil fuels and
unsupporive government policies D
On the question of mitigating the risks farmers face, most essayists lled for greater state inteention In his essay, Kanayo Nwanze, President of the Internationa Internatio na Fund for gricu gricultural ltural evelopmen evelopment,t, argued that governments can significantly significan tly du risks for farmers by providing basc seices like roads to get pduce more eficiently to markets, or water and od storage facilities to reduce ose Sopia Murphy, senior advisor to the Institute fr gricuture and Trade Policy, suggested that the procurement and hoding of stocks by governments can also hep mitigate wild swings in od prices by alleviatin uncertainties about market suppy
* 36
Readg
E
Shenggen Fan, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute, held up social safety nets and public wefare programmes in thiopia, Brazil and Mexico as vauabe ways to address poverty among farming families and reduce reduce their vunerability to agriculture shocks. s hocks. Howeve However, r, some commentators responded that cash transfers to poor families do not necessariy transate into increased od security, as these programmes do not always strengthen food production or raise incomes. Regarding state subsidies r agricuture, Rokeya Kabir xecutive Director of Bangadesh Nari Progati angha commented in her essay that these 'have not compensated fr the strangehold exercised by private traders. In fact, studies show that sixty percent of beneficiaries of subsidies are not poor but rich andowners poor andowners and an d non-farmer traders.
Nwanze Murphy and Fan argued that private risk management tools, like private insurance, commodity futures markets, and rural fnanc can hep sma-scae producers mitigate risk and aow fr encourage investment the in improvements. Kabir warned that financia support schemes often adoption of high-input agricultura practices, practices, which in the medium term may raise production costs beyond the vaue of their harvests. Murphy noted that when utures markets become excessivey excessivey nancialised they can contribute to short-term price volatility, which increases farmers farmers od insecurity. insecurity. Many participants and commentators emphasised that greater transparency in markets is needed to mitigate the impact of volatiity and make evident whether adequate stocks and supplies are avaiabe. Others contended that agribusiness companies shoud be held responsible r paying r negative side eects.
Many essayists mentioned cimate change and its consequences r smal-scae agriculture. Fan expained that in addition to reducing crop yieds cimate change increases the magnitude and the frequency of extreme weather events, which increase smahoder vunerabiity. The growing unpredictability of weather paterns increases farmers dicuty in managing weather-reated risks. According to this
author one soution would be to deveop crop varieties that are more resiient to new cimate cimate trends and extreme weather patterns Accordingly Pat Mooney, co-founder and executive director of the TC Group suggested that if we are to survive climate change, we must adopt poicies that let peasants diversi the pant and animal species and varieties/breeds that make up our menus.
37
Test6
H
Some paicipating authors and commentators argued in favour of community based and autonomous risk management strategie through collective action groups, co-operatives or producers' group. Such groups enhance market opporunities for small-scale producers, reduce marketing costs and synchronise buying and selling with seasonal price conditions According to Murphy, M urphy, collective action oers an important way r farmer to strengthen their political and economic bargaining power, and to reduce their busiess· busiess ·risks.' One commentator, Giel Ton, warned that collective action does not no t come as a free good It takes time, eor and money to organise, build trut and to experiment the, like Marcel Vernooij and Marcel Beukeboom, suggested that in order to apply what we already know, all stakeholders, including business, government, scientists and civil society, must work together starin st aring g at the beginning of th the e value chai chain. n. Some paicipants paicipants explained that market mark et price volatility is oe oen n worsened by the presence of intermediary purchasers who, taking advantage of farmers' vulnerability, diate prices One commentator suggested farmers can gain greater control over prs and minimise prce volatility by selling directly to consumers. Similarly, Sonali Bisht, founder and advisor to the Intitute of imal imalayan ayan Environmental Research and Education (INERE), India, wrote that community-suppored agriculture, where consume invest in local rmers by subscription and guarantee producers a fair price is a rsk-sharing model woh more atention Direct od ditribution system not only enurage small-scale agriculture but also give consumers more control over the food they consume, she wrote
38
Reading Questions 1-3
A-.. Reading Passage 1 has nine paragraphs, A- Which Whic h paragraph contains the following information? Wt he coc lee A-I , in boxes 13 on your your answer shee.
a reference to characteristics that only apply to food production
2
a reference to challengs fcd only by farmers in cetain rts of th world
3
a reference to diculties in bringing about cooperation btween farmers
39
Test6 Questions 49
Look at the fowing sments (Questions 49) and the st of people belo. Match each statement e correct peon, A-G We e coct le A-G in boxes 49 on your answer sheet NB You may use any ler more than once 4
Financial assistance from the government does not always go to the farmers who most need it
5
Farmers can benefit from collaborating as a group.
6
Financial assistance from the government can improve the standard of living of farmers
7
Farmers may be helpe if there is financial input by the same idividuals who buy fro them
8
Governments can help to reduce variation in prices
9
Improvements to infrastructure can have a major impact on risk r farmers
List of People A
Kanayo F Nwanze
B
Sophia Murphy
C
Shenggen Fan
D
· Rokeya Kabir
E
at Mooney
F
Giel Ton
G
Sonali Bisht
40
Reading Questions 10 and 11
Choose TO letrs, A-E . the coct letrs in boxes 10 and 11 on your answer sheet
Which TO problems are mentioned which aect farmers wit small farms in developing develo ping countries? countr ies? A lack of demand r loclly produced od B lack of irrigtion progrmmes C being unable to get insurance D the eects of changing wether ptterns E hving to sell their goods to intermediary buyers Questns 12 and 13
Choose TO let A- Write the coct leers in boes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet
Which TO actions re recommended r improving conditions for farmers? A reducing the size of od stocks B attempting to ensure that prices rise at certain times of the year C D
encouraging organising co-operation consumers between to take aafinancial wide range stakeof ininterested farming paries
E
making customers aware of the reasons r changing od prices
41
Test6 READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minus on Questions 1426, 1426, wh are based on Reag Passage 2 belo. Questions 1420
Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G A-G.. Choose e correct heading r each pagraph fm the t o headings belo in boxes 1420 on your answer sheet We he correc numbe vi
List of Headings
Dierent accounts of the same journey
Bingham gains support
iii
common belief
iv
The aim of the trip
dramatic description
vi
new route
Binghm publishes his theory
Bingham's lack of enthusiasm
14
Paragraph A
15
Paragraph B
16
Paragraph C
17
Paragraph Paragraph
8
aragrap E
19
Paragrap F
20
Paragrap G
42
Reading
The Lost City An explorer's encounter w the ruined city f Machu Picchu, the most famous icon of e Inca civsation
A
When the the US explorer and academic Hiram Bingham arrived in South merica merica in 1911, he was ready fr what was to be the greatest greates t achievement of his life: the exploration explor ation of the remote hinterl hinterland and to the west of Cusco, the old capital of the Inca empire empi re in the ndes mountains of Peru. His Hi s goal was to locate the remains of a city ci ty called calle d Vitcos, the last capital of o f the Inca civilisation. Cusco lies on o n a high plateau at an elevation elevation of more than 3,000 3,000 metres, and Binghas Bin ghas plan was to descend from this this plateau along the valley of the Urubamba river, which takes a circuitous route down to the mazon and passes through an area of dramatic dramati c canyons and mountain ranges.
When Bingham and his team set o down the Urubamba in late July, they had an advantage advantage over travellers travellers who ha precede them a track had recently rec ently been lasted down down the valley canyon to enable rubber to be brought up by b y mules from the jungle. jungle. lmost all previous travellers had le the river at Ollantaytambo Oll antaytambo and taken a high pass across the mountains to rejoin the river lower down, thereby cuting a substantial corner, corner, but also therefore never passing passin g through the area around Machu Picchu Picchu..
On 24 July they were a few days into their descent of the valley The day began slowly,, with Bingham trying to arrange suficient slowly sufici ent mules for the next stage of the
trek. His companion companionss show showed ed no interest in accompanying him up the neary hill to see some some ruins that a local farmer Melchor reaga, had ha d told them about the night before. The morning was dull and damp, and a nd Bingha also seems to t o have been less than keen on the prospect of climbing clim bing the hill In his book Lost Ci of the Incas he relates that he made the ascent without having the least expectation expectati on that he would nd anything at the top. Bingham writes about the approach in vivid style Bingham s tyle in his book. First, Fir st, as he climbs up the hill, he escribes the ever-present ever-present possibili of ealy snakes, 'capable of making considerable springs when in pursuit of their prey; not that he sees any an y Then theres a sense of mounting discovery as he comes across great sweeps of terraces, then a mausoleum, followed by monumental staircases an, finally, the grand ceremonial ceremonial buildings buildings of Machu Picchu. 'It seemd like an a n unbelievable dream .. the sight held me spellboun ... he wrote.
D
43
Test6 E
We hould remember, remember, however ha Lost Ci of the Incas i a work of hindgh no wren unil unil 1948 many year afer hi journey. Hi journal enrie of he e reveal a much more gradual appreciaion appreciaio n of hi achievemen. He pen p en he afernoon a he run noig down he dimenion of ome of he buldng, bu ldng, hen decended and rejoined hi companion o whom he eem o have ad lile abou h dicovery h age Bingham didn' realie he exen or he imporance impo rance of he e nor did he reale wha ue he could make of he dicovery.
F
However oon aer reurnng i occurred o hm ha he could make a nae or himelf from hi dicovery When he came o wrie he Naonal Geographic magazine aricle ha broke he ory o he world n April 1913 he knew he had ha d o produce a big idea He wondered wheher i could have bee been n he birhplac birhplace e of he ver fir Inca Manco he Grea and wheher i cou could ld alo have been wha wha chronicler decribed a he la ciy of he Inca hi erm refer o Vilcabamba he eleen where he he Inca I nca had fled from Span Spanh h invader n he 1530 Bingham made deperae aemp o prove h belief r neary 40 year Sadly, hi vion of he ie a boh he beginning and end of he Inca civiliaon, while a magnificen one, inaccurae We now know ha Vilcabamba acuall lie 5 klomere klome re awa in he deph de ph of he jungle
One queion ha ha perplexed vior, horian and archaeologi alike ever ince Bingham i wh he e ee o have been abandoned before he Spanih Conque here are no refere reference nce o i by any of he Spanih chronicler - and if heyy had known of exience he exience o cloe clo e o Cu Cuco co hey would cerainly h have ave come co me
n earch of gold AnPicchu idea whch gained wde accepance heInca a few year i ha Machu wa ha a a counr eae bulover by an emperor o ecape he cold winer of Cuco Cuco where he ele could cou ld enjoy monumenal monumena l archecure and ecacular view urhermore he paicular archiecure of Machu Picchu ugge ha i wa conruced a he me of he greae of all he Inca he emperor Pachacui (c 143871) By cuom Pachacu Pachacu decendan buil oher ilar eae eae for heir own ue and o Machu Pcchu would have been abandoned aer hi deah, ome 50 ear before he Spanih Conque
44
Reading Questions 21-24
Do the llowing statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2? In boxs 21-24 on your answer shet, wrte f the statement agrees the nformaton TRU E the statment contrats the nformaton FALS E NOT GIV E N there s no nrmaton on th 21
Bingham went to South America in search of an Inca city.
22
Bingham Bingh am chose a paticul paticular ar route down the Urubam Urubamba ba valley be because cause it was the
3
most common common route used by travellers. Bingham understood understood the significance of Machu Picchu as soon as he saw it
24
Bingham returned to Machu Picchu in order to find evidence to support his theory
Question 2526
Complet th sentncs blo. Choos ON E WOR D ONY from th assage for a answ
Wt your answe n boxs 2526 on your answer sheet
5
The track that took Bingham down the Urubamba valley had been created r the transportation of
6
Bingham found out about the ruins of Machu Picchu from a in the Urubamba valley
5
Tst6 READING PASSAGE 3
You should end about 20 minutes on Questions 7- , ich are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
The Benefits of Being Bilingual A
ccording to the latest latest figures, the majority of the worlds population is now bilingual or multilingual, having grown up speaking two or more languages. In the past, such children were considered to be at a disadvantage compared with their monolingl peers. Over the past few decades, however, technological advances have allowed researchers to look more deeply at how bilingualism interacts with and changes the cognitive and neurological systems, thereby identiing severl clear benefits of being bilingual
B
Research shows shows that when bilingul person ses one language the other is active act ive at the same time. When we hear a word, we don't hear the entire entire word all at once: the son sonds ds arrive in sequenti sequential al order. Long bere the wor word d is finished, the brain's lnguage system begins to guess what that word might be. If you hear can, you will likely activte activte words like cndy' and candle' as well, at least during the earlier stages of word recognition. recognition. For bilingual people, this activation is not limited to a single langge; auditory input ctivates corresponding words regardless of the language to which they belong. Some of the most compelling evidenc evidence e for this phenomenon, called language co-activation, co-activa tion, come comess from studying eye
movements moveme nts look Russian Russian-Englis -English h bilingual to pick a marker' set of objects would lo ok more at a stamp than asked someone wh who oup doesn't knowfrom Rssian, because the Russian word r stamp, maa sounds like the English word he or she heard, marker'. In cases like this, language coactivation oc occurs curs becuse wht the listener hears could map onto words in either language lan guage C
Having to deal with this persistent linguistic competition can result in diiculties, diicu lties, however For instance, knowing more than one language can cause speakers to name pictures more slowl slowly, y, an and d can increase tip-o-the-tongue states, when you can almost, but not qite, bring a word to mind s a result, the constant jggling of two languages creates a need to control how mch a person accesses a language at any given time. For this reson, bilinga people oen perorm beer on tasks tat rqre conct management In the classic Stroop sk, people see a word and re asked to name the colour of the words font When the colour and the wor mtch (ie., the word red printed in red), people correctly name the color more qickly than when the color and the word don't match (ie, the word red printed in blue) This occurs because the word itself (red') and its font colour (blue) conflict. ilingul people ofen excel at tasks such as this, which tap into the ability to ignore competing perceptual inrmation and focus on the relevant aspects of the input. ilinguals are are also better at swithing between two tasks for examle when bilinguals have to switch from categorizing objects by colour (red or green)
46
Reading
to categorizing them them by shape (circle or triangle) the do so more quickl thn monolingual people, reflectin better cognitive control when hving to mae rapid changes of strategy. D
It also seems that the neurological roots of the bilingual advantage extend to brain areas more traditionally associated with sensoy processing. When monolingual and bilingual adolescents listen to simple speech sounds without any inteening background noise they show highly similar rain stem responses. When researchers pla the same sound to both groups in the presence of bacground noise however, the bilingual listeners' neural response is consideraly larger reecting etter encoding of the sounds fundamental frequency a feature of sound closely related to pitch perception.
E
Such improvements in cognitive and sensory processing ma help a bilingual person to process infrmation in the environment and help explain wh bilingual adults acquire a third language better than monolingual adults master a send language This This advantage may be rooted in the skill of focuss focussin in on informat information ion about the new language while reducing intererence from the languages they already now
F
Research also indicates that bilingual experience may help to eep the cognitive mechanisms sharp b recruiting alternate brain networs to compensate for those that become damaged damaged durin aging. Older bilinguals enjoy enj oy improved improv ed memory relative to monolingual people which can lead to real-world health benefts. In a study of over 200 patients with Alzheimer's disease a degenerative brain disease
bilingual patients reported showing initial symptoms of the disease an average of five years later than monolingual patients In a fllowup stud researchers compared the rains rains of ilingua ilinguall and monoling monolingual ual patients mtched on o n the severity of Alzheimer's symptoms. Surprisingly the bilinuals brains had more physical signs of disese than their monolingual counterparts even though their outward behaviour and ailities were the same If the brain is an engine bilingualism may help it to go farther on the same amount of fuel G
urhermore the benefits associated with bilingual experience seem to stat very early. early. In one study study researchers taught seven-monthold seven-monthol d babies growin up in monolingual monolingual or bilingual homes that when they heard a tinkling sound a puppet appeared on one side of a screen. Halay through the study the puppet began appearing on the opposite side of the screen In order to get a reward the infants had tolearn adjust rule the'd only the bbies were ale to successfull thethe new rule. Thislearned; suggests that forbilingual very young children as well as fr older people navigating a multilingual environment impars advantages that transfer far eyon language
47
Test6 Quesns 27-31
Complete the table below. Choose NO MORE THAN O WORDS fm the passage or each anse Write your ansers ansers in boxes 27-31 on your anser sheet Test
Obseing the 27 . of RussianEnglish bilingual people when asked to select cerain objects A test test called the 29 , cusing c using on naming colours A test involving switching between tasks
Questions 3-36
Findings
Bilingual people engage both languages simultaneously: a mecanism known as 8 2 Bilinguall people are more able o Bilingua o handle tasks involving a skill called 30 When changing strategies bilingual people have superior 31
Do the following statements agree with he claims of the wrier in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 336 on ur anser sheet, rite YES NO NOT GIVEN
i the statement agrees ith the claims of e riter i the statement statemen t contdicts the claims of e er i it is impossible to say hat the riter thinks about this
2 Attitudes towards bilingualism have changed in recent years
Bilingual people are better than monolingual people a guessing correctly wat wordss are before word befo re they are finished
4
Bilingual people consistently name images faser an monolingua peope
5
ilingual people's brains process single sounds more eicienly than monolingual people in all siuations
6
Fewer bilingual people han monolingual people sufer from brain disease in old age
Reading Questions 37-40
Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-G A-G.. Which paragraph contains the llowing information?
Wte the coct lete A-G A-G,, in boxes 37-40 your answer sheet. 7
an example of how bilingual and monolingual people's brains respond dierently to a certain type of nonverbal nonverbal auditory input
38
a demonstration of how a bilingual upbringing has benefits even even before w we e learn to speak
39
a description description of the process by which people identify words that they hear
40
reference to some negative consequences of being bilingual
49
Test6
WRITING
WRITING TASK 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on tis task. The maps below show the centre of a sma town caed Islip as it is no and The maps plans for its developmen. Summarse the information by selecting and repong the main features, and make comparisons where relevan Write at least 150 words. Islip ow ee ow Countryside Shops Man road Shops
N
Housing
W+E s
Park Housing
Isli ow ee: pled develope
Dualcarrageway
Housng
New housing
\
',
_ /
Housing
50
Wrting
WRITING TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:
At the present time, e population of o f some counes includes a relavly large number of youn adul coared the number of people. Do the adantages of this situation outwigh the disadantages? Give reasons for yor answer and include any relevant examples fom yo own nowledge or expeience Write at least 250 words
51
Test6
SPEAKING RT 1
The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home work or stdies and other familiar topics. EXMPLE Songs and singing
• Did you enjoy singing when you were younger? [Why?/Why not?] • • Do Howyou ofen doayou sing now? have favourite song[Why?] you like listening to? Phy?/Why not?] • How important is singing in your culture? [Why?] RT 2
Describe a lm/movie actor from yur count who is ve popula.
You will have to talk about the topic for one o ne to o o minutes minute s have one minute to think
You should say: who this actor is what kinds of films/movies he/she acts in
about what you are going to say u can make some notes to help you if you wish
what you know abut ab ut this actr's ife and explain why this actor is so ppular.
RT 3
Discussion topics: Wathing fimsmovies Example questions:
What are the most popular types of films in your country? Wha s e erence beeen watching a film in the cinema and watching a film at home? Do you think cinemas will close in the future? Theatre xample questions:
How impotant impotant is the theatre in your country's history? How strong a tradition is it today in your country to go to the theatre? e ee e rn as a bsiness o as a c erce?
52
Test 7 LISTENING
SECTION 1
Questions 1-10
Complete the notes below. Write ONE WRD ONLY for each anse.
PUBLIC LIBRARY Example
Te library re-opened last h
The libra now has
a seating area wit magazines an expanded seion for books on 1 a new section on local 2 . a community room for meetings (also possible to 3 tere) tere) a new section of books for 4
•
•
•
•
•
For younger children
•
te next Science Club meeting: exper experiments iments using tings t ings from your .., . . 5 ..
•
Reading Callenge read six books during te olidays
For adults
• • •
tis Friday a local autor auto r talks aout a novel ased on a real 6 is ne . . o n u ys - no ilablle on sda ays ava ailab no 7 ue esd is av ppo ort is supp IT su ary esssary necces
free ceck of lood 8 and colesterol levels (over 0s only)
Other information
• •
te library sop sells wallcars, cards and 9 evenings and weekends free 1 is available 53
Tes 7
SECTION 2
Questions 11-20
Qun 11 and 12 Choose O leer, A-E
Which WO age groups are taking increaing increaing number of holiday with BC Travel? A D E
16-30 year 342 year 43-54 year 55-64 year over 65 year
Qu 13 and 14 oose O lees A-E
Which O are the main reaon given r the popularity of activity holidays? A
Client make new friend.
D
Client learn a ueful kill Client learn about a dierent culture Client are excited by the rik involved.
E
Client find them good value for money
Qutin 15-17 Choose he coc le A B o
How doe BC Travel plan to expand the painting holiday? A
by adding to the number of location by increaing the range of level by employing mo teacher
Why are BC ravel' cooking holiday unuual? A They only ue organic food. They have an international cu They mainly involve vegetarian dishe
What doe the peaker a ayy about the photograp photography hy holiday? A
Client receive individual tuition. The tutor are ao trained guides. dvice i given on elling photographs.
5
Lstening
Questions 1820
Complete the table below. Wrte ONE WRD ONLY for each anse
Fitness Holidays Location
Ireland and Italy
Other commets
Man focus
general fitness
•
•
Greece
19 control
Morocco
mountain biking
•
personally designed programmealso reduces 18 ... includes exercise on the beach
•
wide vaiety of levels
•
one holiday that is
specially designed r 20 .
55
Test 7 SECTION 3
Questions 21-30
Quion 21-26 Cmplete the w-cha bel. Chse SIX SIX aswers aswers fm e bx ad te the cct let AH , ext t ests 21-26.
A
paerns
B
names
C
sources
questions
E
employees
F
solutions
G
headings
H
ocials
STAGES IN DOING A TOURISM CASE STUDY
RESEARCH Locate and read relevant aicles noting key information and also 21 .. .. ....
Identify a problem or need elect ele ct iinte nteie iewee weess - the these se may be sit site e 22 , visi visitors tors or city 23 .......... .. Prepare and carry out interviews If possible collect statistics heck whether 24 of inteiewees can be used
ANAYSS elect relevant information and try to 25 .... try to identi Decide on the best form of visuals
WRTNG THE CASE STUY ive some background before writing the main sections Do O end with 26 ........
56
Lstening
Questns 27-30
Choose the coct lete A, B or .
The Horton Castle site 27
Natalie and Dave agree one reason why so few people visit Horon Castle is that A B
28
Natalie and Dave agree that the greatest prolem with a visitor centre could e A B C
29
the publicity is poor. it is diicult to get to there is litle there of interes interest t
covering the investment costs finding a ig enough space for it dealing with planning restrictions
What does Dave say aout conditions in the town of o f Horton? A B
There is a lot of unemployment There are few people of working age
30
There are opportunities r skilled workers
ccording ccor ding to Natalie, one way to prevent damage to the castle site would be to A
insist visitors have a guide
B C
makevisitor visitors keep to the paths limit numbers
57
Test7
SECTION 4
Questions 31-40
Complete the notes below. W ONE WORD ONLY for each anse
The eects of environmental change on birds Mercu (Hg)
•
Highly toxic
• •
Released into the atmosphere from coal
•
It has also rently been found to aect birds which feed on 31 .
In water it may be consumed by fish
Research on eects of mercury on birds
•
Claire VarianRamos is investigating:
the eects on birds' 32 or mental processes, eg memory the ees on bird ssong ong (usual (usually ly learne learned d m a bir bird's d's 33-··) •
Findings: songs learned by birds exposed to mercury are less 34 ......................... this may have a negative eect on birds' 35 35
•
Labbased studies: allow more 3 6 for the experimenter
Implications for humans
•
Migrating birds such as 37 containing mercuy may be eaten by humans
• •
Mercury also causes problems in learning 3 38 8 in a mother's Mer mother 's body m 39 may a the unbo unbo child
•
New regulations for mercury emissions will ae everyone's energy 40 _ _
58
Readg
READING
READING PASSAGE 1
You sho spend about 20 minutes on Q 1-13 , which are a re based on o n Reading Passage . Questions 1-7
Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs, A-G A-G.. Choose the coct heading for each pagraph m the list of headings belo Write the coct numbe v in boxes 7 on your ansr sheet
Lt of H
The imprance geing he iming righ
Yung mees ld
iii
Develpmens he disadvanage ise ppulains
Planning Plannin g a bigger big ger idea
Trises ppulae he islands is lands
Carrying u a carelly prepared perain
king r a hme r he isands' rises The sa he cnseain prjec
1
Paragraph A
2
3
Paragraph B Paragraph
4
Paragraph
5
Paragraph E
6
Pagph F
7
Paragraph G
9
Test 7
Flying toroises An airboe reinduction reinduction programme has helped consetionis consetionists ts take signifcant steps t ptect the endangered Galpagos toise.
A
Forests of spiny cacti cover much of the uneven lava plains that separate the interior of the Galpagos island of lsabela from the Pacific Ocean With its five distinct volcanoes, the island resembles a lunar landscape Only the thick t hick vegetation at the skirt of the oen cloud-covered peak of Sierra Negra oers respite from . the barn terrain below This inhospitable environment is home to the giant Galpagos tortoise Some time afer the Galpagos's birth around five million years the islands were colonised by onesettled or more from mainland South ago merica s these ancestral toroises ontortoises the individual islands the dierent populations adapted to their unique environments giving rise to at least 14 dierent subspecies Island life areed with them In the absence of sinificant predators they they grew to becom become e the largest and longest-living toroises on tthe he planet weighing more than 400 kilograms occasionally exceeding 18 metres in length and living r more mor e than a century
B
efore human arrival the archipelagos tortoises numbered in the hundreds of thousands From the 1th century onwards pirates took a few on board r food but the arrival arri val of whaling ships in the 190s saw this exploitation exploitat ion grow exponentially Relatively immobile an capable of suiving r months without food or water the toroises were taken on board these ships to act as od supplies during long ocean passages Sometimes their bodies were processed into high grade oil In total an estimated 200000 animals were taken from the archipelago before the 20th century This historical exploitation was then exacerbated when setlers came to the islands They hunted the tortoises and destroyed their habitat to clear land for agriculture They also introduced intro duced alien species ranging from catle cat le pigs goats goats rats and dogs to plants and ants that either either prey on the eggs and young toroises or damage or destroy their habitat
C
Today only 11 of the original subspecies survive and of these several are highly endangered In 1989 work bean on a toroise-breeding centre just outside the town of Puerto Villamil on lsabela dedicated to proteing the island's tortoise tor toise populations The centres captive-breeding programme proved to be extremely successful and it eventually had to deal with an overpopulation problem
D
The proem s also a pressing one aptive-bred totoises can't be reintroduced into the wild until theyre at least ve years old and weigh at least 45 kogams at which which poin pointt their size and weight and their haened haened shells are suficient suficient to protect them from predators ut if peop people le wait too long afer that point the totoises eventually become too large lar ge to transpor
60
Reading
E
For years years repatriation eorts were carried out in small numbers, wth the tooses carried on the backs of men over weeks of long, treacherous hikes along narrow trails. But in November 2010 the evironmentalist and Galpagos National Park liaison oicer Godfrey Merlin, a visiting private motor yacht captain and a helicopter pilot gathered around a table in a small caf in Puerto Ayora on the island of Santa Cruz to work out more ambitious reintroduction The aim was to use a helicopter to move 300 of the breeding centre's tortoises to various locations close to Sierra Negra.
This unprecedented efort was made possible by the owners of the 67-metre yacht White Cloud, who provided the Galpagos National Park with free use of their helicopt helicopter er ad its experience experienced d pilot as well as the logistil support of the yacht its captain and crew Originally an air ambulance the yacht's helicopter has a rear double door and a large internal space that's well suited for cargo, so a custom crate was designed to hold up to 33 tortoises with a total weight of about 150 kilograms kilograms This weigh weight,t, together with that of the fuel, pilot and four crew, approached the helicopter's maximum payload, and there were times when it was clearly right right on the edge of the helicopter's capabilities During a period of three
days, a group of volunteers from the breeding centre worked around the clo clock ck to prepare the young tortoises for transport Meanwhile, park wardens dropped o ahead of time in remote locations cleared landing sites within the thick brush, cacti and lava rocks Upon their their release th the e juvenile tortoises quickly spread out over th their eir ancestral
territory territory ivestigating their new surroundings ad feeding on th the e vegetation ventually vent ually one tiny tortoise came across a fully grown giant gian t who had been bee n lumbering around the island for around a hundred years The wo stood side by side a powerul symbol of the regeneration of an a n ancient species.
61
Test 7 Questions 813
Complete the notes below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from e passage for each anse W your ansers in boxes on your anser shee
The decline of the Galpagos toroise •
Originally frm mainland South Americ
•
Numbers on Galpagos islands increased, ue to lack of predators
•
17th century: small nubers taken onto ships used by 8 __
•
1790s very large numbers taken onto whaling ships, kept for .. , and also used to produce
•
Hunted by . on the islands
•
Habitat destruction: for the establishment of agriculture and by various 2 not native to the islands, islands, which also fe fe on baby tortoises and tortoises' 3
62
Reading READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1426, 1426, which are base on Reag Passage 2.
The Intersection of Health Sciences and Geography A
While many diseases that aect humas have ben eradicated du to improvements in vaccinations and the availability of healthcare, ther are still areas around aroun d the world where certain health issues ar more prevalent I a world that is far more globalised globalised than ever bfore, pople com into contact with o another through travel and livig closer ad closer to each other s a result super-viruses and other infections resistant to antibitics ar becoming mor and more common.
B
Geography can oen play a vry larg role in the health concerns of certain populations For instance depending o whre you live, you will not have the same health concerns as someone who livs in a dierent geographical region Perhaps
one of te most obvious examples of this idea is malaria-prone areas, which are usually tropical regions that fostr a warm ad damp environmnt in which the mosquitos that that can give people this disease can grow Malaria is much lss of of a problem in highaltitude desers, for istance C
In some countries, geographical factors influence the halth and wellbing of the populatio populatio in ver obvious ways In may large cities, the wind is ot strog enough to clear the air of the massive amounts of smog and pollution that cause asthma lung problems, eyesight eyesight issues and more in the people who live there Par of the problem is f course the massive number of cars being driven, in addition to factories factories that run o coal power The rapid industrialisation of some countries in recent rece nt years has also also led to the cuting down of forests to allow for tthe he expansion of big cities which maks it even harder to fight the pollution with the frsh air that is produced by plats
D
It is in situations like these that the field of health geography comes ito its own It is an increasingly mporant area of study in a world wher diseases like polio are reemerging respiratory diseases cotinue to sprad, and malariaprone areas are still still fighting to find a better cure Health geography is the combiatio of on on the one hand, knowledge knowledge regardig regardig gography ad methods used to a analyse nalyse ad interpret geographical informatio and on the other, the study of health, diseases and healthcare practices around the world The aim of this hybrid scince is to create solutions r common geographybased health problems hil people will always be prone to illness, the study of how geography afects our health could lead to the eradication of cerain illnesses and the prevention of othrs in the future y understanding why and how w get sick we ca chag the way w we e treat illnss and disase specic to cerain gographical locations
63
Test
7
E
The geography of disease and ill health analyses the frequency with which certain diseases appear appear in dierent parts of the world, and overlays the data with the geography geogr aphy of the region, to see if there could be a correlati correlation on beeen the two. Health geographers also study factors that could make cerain individuals or a population more likely to be taken ill with a specifc health concern or disease, as compared with the population of another area. Health geographers in this field are usually trained as healthcare workers, and have an understanding of basic epidemiology as it relates to the spread of diseases among the population
F
Researchers study the interactions between humans and their environment that could lea to illness (such as asthma in places with high levels of pollution) and work to create a clear way of categorising illnesses, diseases and epidemics into local and global scales. Health geographers can map the spread of illnesses and attempt to identi the reasons behind behind an incease or decrease in illnesses as they work to fnd a wy to halt the further spread or re-emergen re-emergence ce of d diseas iseases es in vulnerable populations.
G
The second subcategoy of health geography is the geography of healthcare provision. This group studies the availability (or lack thereof) of healthcare resources to individuals and and populations around the world In both developed and developing nations there is oen a very large discrepancy beeen the options available to people people in dieren dierentt social classes, income brackets, and levels of education. Individuals working working in the area of the geography of healthcare provision attempt to assess the levels of healthcare in the area (for instance it may be vey dicult dic ult r people to get medical attention because there is a mountain between their village and the nearest neare st hospital). These researc researchers hers are n the fntlin fntline e of making recommendations regarding policy to international organisations, local government bodies and othe.
The feld of health geography is oen overlooked, but it constitutes a huge area of need in the felds of geography and healthcare If we can understand how geography aects aects our health no matter where in the world we are located we can better treat disese prevent illness, and keep people safe and well.
6
Readg Quesns 1419
Reading Passage Passage 2 has eight sections, A-H A-H.. Which paragraph paragraph contains the following infmation? Wte the coct lete A-H , i boxes 1419 on your answer sheet. NB
You may use any ler more than once
14
an acceptance acceptance that not all diseases can be totally to tally eliminated
15
examples of physical conditions caused by human hu man behaviour
16
a reference to classifying diseases on the basis of how far they extend
geographically
17
reason rea sonss why the level of access to healthcare can vary within withi n a country
18
a description description of health geography as a mixture of dierent academic elds
19
a description of the type of area where a particular illness is rare
Questions 2026
Complete the sentences belo Chse ONE WORD
ONLY m
the passage f each answe
20
Cerain diseases have disappeaed than disappeaed thanks to bette and healthcare
21
are losing thei Because there is more contact between people Because usefulness
22
Disease causing ae most liely to be found in hot damp regions
3
One cause of pollution is that burn a particula particu la fuel
4 The growth of cities oen has an impact on nearby 25
adicated is one disease that is growing afer having been e adicated
26
can peent people from reaching A physical bar ier i er such as a a hospital
65
Test 7 READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 , which are based on Reading Passage 3.
Music and the emotions Neuscientist Jona Lehrer considers the emonal powr of music
Why des music make us eel? On the ne hand, music is a purely abstract art rm, devid language r explicit ideas. And yet even thugh music says little, it still manages t tuch us deeply When listening t ur avurite sngs ur bdy betrays all the symptms emtinal arusal The pupils iin n ur eyes dilate, ur pulse and bld pressure pres sure ris rise e the electrical cnductance ur skin is lwered, an and d the cerebellum, a brain regin assciated with bdily mvement, becmes strangely active Bld is even
re-directed t the muscles in ur legs In ther wds, sund stirs us at ur bilgical rts A recent paper in Nature Neuroscience by a research team in Mntreal Canada, marks an imprtant step in revealing the precise underpinni underpinnings ngs 'the ptent pleasurable ple asurable stimulus that that is music Althugh the study invlves plenty ancy technlgy, including unctinal magnetic resnance imaging (MR) (MR ) and ligandbased psitrn emissin tmgraphy (PET) scanning experiment itsel was ratherrequesting straightrwa straightrward rd Aer screening 21 individuals whthe respnded t adverisements peple wh experience chills t instrumental music, the scientists narrwed dn the subject pl t ten They then asked the subjec subjects ts t bring in their playlist avuri avurite te sngs virtually every genre was represented, rm techn t tang and played them the music while their brain activity was mnitred Because the scientsts were cmbining methdlgies (PET and MR), they were able t btain an impressively exact and detaied prtrait music in the brain he irst thing they discvered is that music triggers the prductin dpamine dpamine a chemical wit with h a key rle in setting setting peples mds mds by the neur neurns ns (nerve cells) in bth the drsal drsal and ventral regins the brain As these tw regins have lng been linked with the experience pleasure this inding isnt particularly surprising hat s rather mre sgnicant s the indng tht the dpamne neurns in the caudate caudate a regin the brain invlved in learning learning stimulusrespnse assciatins and in anticipating anticipating d and ther 'reward stimuli stimuli were at their mst active arund 15 secnds bere bere the participants avurite avurite mments in the music The researchers call this the anticipatr phase and argue that the purpse this activity is t help us predict the arrival ur avurite part he questin, curse, is what all these dpamine neur neurns ns re up t Why are they s active in the perid pceding the acustic climax? Aer all, we typically assciate surges dpamine with pleasure with ss actual was And yet this cluser ceJs s s e e te chills have yet t arrive, when the meldic pattern is still unreslved 66
Reading
One way to answer the question is to look at the music and not the neurons. We music can ofen seem (at least to the outsider) like a labyrinth of intricate patterns, it turn turnss out that the most important important part of every song or o r symphony symphon y is when the patterns patterns reak down, when the sound becomes unpredictable. If the music is too obvious, it is annoyingly boring, like an alarm clock. Numerous studies, aer all, have demonstted that dopamine neurons quickly adapt to predictable predic table rewards. f we know what's w hat's going t happen next, then we ont get excited. This is why composers ofen introduce a ey note in the beginning of a song, spend most of the rest of the piece in the studious avoidance of the pattern, and then finally repeat it only at the end. The longer we are denied the patern we expect, the greater the emotional release when the patern returns, safe and sound. o demonstrate this psychological principle, the musicologist Leonard Meyer, in his classic book Emotion and Meaning in Music (1956), analysed the 5th movement of Beethovens String Quartet in C-sharp minor, p. 131. Meyer wanted to show how
music is defined music defined by its fliration fliration with but not submission submission to our expectations expectations of order. order. Meyer dissected 50 measures (bars) of the masterpiece, showing how Beethoven egins with he clear statement of a rhythmic and harmonic pattern and then, in an ingenious tonal dance, carefully holds of repeating it. hat Beethoven does instead is suggest variations of the pattern He wants to preserve an element of uncertainty in his music making our brains beg for the one chord he refuses to give us. Beethoven saves that chord for the end. According to Meyer is the suspenseful suspensefu l tension of music, of our of unfulfilled expectations, that is itthe source of the musics feeling. hilearising earlierout theories music focused n the way a sound can refer to the real wor world ld of images imag es and experiences exp eriences its connota con notativ tive e meaning Meyer argued that the emotions we nd in music come fom the unldin un lding g events of the music itself. This embodied meaning arises from the patterns the symphony invkes and then ignores. It is this uncrtainty that triggers the surge of dopamine in the caudate, as we struggle to figure out what will happen next. e can predict some of the notes, but we cant predict them all, and that is what keeps us listening, waiting expectantly r our reward, r the paern to be completed.
67
Test 7 Questions 27-31
omplete e summa below. C omplete Choose NO MORE THAN WORDS fm the passage or each anse Choose W your ans in boxes 2-31 on your anser anser sheet
The Montreal Study Participants, who were the study through adverisements hadthe their brain activ activity ity mon monitored itored whilerecruited listening for to their favourite music. It was noted that music stimulated stimu lated the brain's neurons to release a substance called 27 in two of the pars pa rs of the brain wich are associated with feeling 28
Researchers also obseed that the neurons in the area of the brain called the 29 were paricularl active just bere the paricipants favourite moments in the music music - the period known as the 30 Activ Activity ity in thiss part thi par t of the brain is associated with wit h the expectation of reward stimuli such s uch as ....................; .................... ;
31 .........
68
Reading Questions 32-36
Choose the coct lette A, B, C or D. Write the coct letter in boxes 32-36 on your anwer shee.
32 What point does the writer emphasise in the first paragraph? A B C D
33
how dramatically our reactions to music can vary how intense our physical responses to music can be how little we know about the way that music ects us how much music can tell us about how our brains operate
What view of the Montre Montreal al study does the writer express in the second paragrph?
A B
C D 34
What does the writer find interesting about the results of the Montrel study? A B C D
35
the timing of participnts' neural responses to the music the impact of the music on participants' emotional state the section of participants' brains which was activated by the music the type of music which had the strongest efect on participants' brins
Why does the writer refer to Meyers work on music nd emotion? A B C D
36
Its aims were innovative. The pproach was too simplistic t prduced some remarkably precise data The technology used was unnecessarily complex
to propose an original theory about the subject to oer support fr the findings of the Montreal study to recommend the need for further reserch into the subject to present a view which opposes tht of the Montrel researchers
According to Leonard Meyer, what causes the listener's emotionl response to music? A B
C D
the way that the music evokes poignant memories in the listener the association of certain certain musical chords with certain feelings the listener's sympathy with the composers intentions the internal strctre of the musicl composition
69
Test 7 Questions 37-40 , belo Comle each sennce with the coct endg, A-F in boxes 3-40 on yur answer sheet. W e coct le A-F
37
The Montreal researchers discovered that
38
Many studies have demonstrated that
39
Meyer's analysis of Beethovens music shows that
40
Earlier theories of music suggested that
A
our response to music depends on our initial emotional state.
B
neuron activity deceases if outcomes become predictable
C
emotive music music can bring to mind atual piures and events
D
experiences in our past can influence our emotional reaction to music
emotive music delays givng listeners what they expect to hear
F
neuron activity increases prior to key oints in a musical piece
70
Writing WRITING
WRITING TASK 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on ths task. The cha below shows how frequently people in the USA te in fast food fo od restaura restaura been been 2003 and 2013. 2013. Summarise the informa information tion by selecting and repong repon g the main features, fea tures, and make comparisons comparisons where relevant
Wrte at least 150 words Fqcy f g f f g USA (3-3) 40% 35% 30% Q
Q
0
25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Ever Ever
day
Sel time
a wek • 2003
Once a k
2006
On or ce a mont
A fw
mes a year
Nevr
� 2013
7
Test7
WRITING TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:
In a number of counies, some epl nk t s nessa to snd la sums of money on conscng new lway lns for v fast fast ns b ben en cts. Oe bl the mony should b snt on mrong xstng ublc nso.
Dscuss both thes ews and g your own onon Give reasons reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience Write at least 250 words
72
Speaking SPEAKING
PART 1
The examiner examiner asks asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home wor or studies and other familiar topics. EXMPLE Clothes
• • • •
Where do you you buy most of your clothes? (Why?] How ofen do you buy new clothes r yourself (Why?] How do you decide decide which clothes to buy? (Why?] Have the inds of clothes you lie changed in recent years? (Why?/Why not?]
PART 2
Describe an interesting discussion you had about how you spend your money. You should say: who you had the discussion with why you discussed this topic what the result of the discussion was and explain why this discu discussion ssion was interesting for you
You will have to tal about the topic r one to two minutes You have one minute to thin about what you are going to say You can mae some notes to help you if you wish
PART 3
Discussion topics: Money and young people Example questions: Why do some parents parents give their children money to t o spend each wee? Do you agree agree that schools should teach children childr en how to manage money? Do you thin thin it is a good idea for students to earn money while studying?
Money and society Example questions Example Do you thin it s true tru e that in today's society money cannot buy happiness? What disadvanta disadvantages ges are there in a society where the gap ga p between rich and an d poor is very large? Do you thin thin richer countries have a responsibility to help poorer poor er countries?
73
Test 8 LISTENING
SECTION 1
Questions 1-10
Complete the notes not es below.
Write ONE Write ONE ORD AN/R A NUMBER for each anse
Cycle tour leader: Applicant enquiry xample
Name: Margaret ......�mtb �mtb. .
About the applicant:
•
wants a ........... job
•
will soon sta work as a 2 ........................., .........................,........ .
•
has led cycle trips in 3 ........................
•
interested in being a leader of a cycling trip for families
•
is currently doing voluntar work with members of a 4 ........... club
•
available for available for five months from the 1st of 5 ............. .............
•
.................... can't eat 6 ......................
Contact details:
•
address 7 ............ Place Dumfries
•
postcode 8 ................. ...................
Interiew:
•
inteiew at 0 pm on 9 ................... ................... .
•
will plan a sho .................................. about being a tour guide
74
Lstening SECTION 2
Questns 11-20
Questions 11-14
Choose the coct let A, B or .
Visiting the Sheepmarket area 11
Which is the most most rapidly-growing group of residents in i n the Sheepmarket area?
A
B C
12
The speaker recommends the side streets in the Sheepmarket for their A B C
13
international restaurants. historical buidings. ars and crafs.
lothes designed by entrants for the Young Fashion competition must A B C
14
young professiona peope students from the university employees in the ocal arket
be odelled by the designers themselves. be inspired by aspects of contemporary cuture be made frm locally produced materias.
ar parking is free in some car parks if you A B C
stay r less than an hour. buy something in the shops. prk in the evenings or at weekends.
75
TestB
Questions 1520
Labl the map beow. W the coct ler A-I , next to Questions 1520. A and Hiso n e Sheepmarket
�
_H,i.1 _ H,i.1Road
0
[ ---�
-
Publc Gardes Station Square Crawley Road 15
The Reynolds House
16
The Thumb
17
The Museum
18
The Contemporary Art Galler
19
he Warner Galler
20
Nucleus
.
..
.
Lstening SECTION 3
Questions 21-30
Questions 21-24
Complete the table bew. Wte ONE WORD WORD ONLY fr each anse
Presentation on film adaptations of Shakespeare s plays Stages of presentatio presentation n
Work still to be done
Introduce Giannetti's book. containing a 21 of adaptations
Organise notes
Ask class to suggest the 22 adaptations
No further work needed
Present Rachel Malchow's ideas
Prepare some 23
Discuss relationship etween adaptations and 24 at the time of making the film
No fuher work needed
77
TestB Questions 2530
What do the speakers say about ech of the llowing films?
Choose SIX SIX answers answers from the box and write wri te the coct lee A-G , next questions 2530.
C A
cleay shows the historca perod
B
contains only pat of he play
C
s oo similar o noher kn f film
D
turned out to be unpoplar with adences
E
presns th play n a derent period rom the orgnal
F
sets the original in a dieen coury
G
incorporates a variety of ar forms
F 25
Ran
..................
26
Much Ado About Nothing
...•
27
Romeo & Jut
..............
28
Hamlet
...•..
29
Psper's ooks
30
Looking for ha
............... ................
78
Lstening SECTION 4
Questions 31-40
Complee he nos below. W
ONE WRD ONLY fr each anse
Noise in Cities Past research research focused on noise level l evel (measured in decibes) an people respnses. N ' • show that the hghes nose levels ae usully ound on roads • do not show other soces of nise, eg when windows ae o en o pepl pepls s eighbours are n their 31 • gnre arations n peoples percepn of nose • have made people realize th the oise is a 32 ssue tht must be dea with • ncese sleepp disturbance slee disturban ce of stres in amount eect on the 33 of schoolchidren D Some noises can be condered pleasant eg the sound of a 34 n a town To nvestgae ths reseacher my use methods from 35 scenes sce nes g g quetonaes W Pleny of acv in urban evironmnts which are 36 but aso allow people to eax But architects and town planes • do nt get much 37 in a usti usti s • regard sound as he responsblty of enginee U e ned o kow • how soun .. .. . . .. .. . .. . 38 .. d r ela sound s to to 38 ts elat • what n be lea from psycholgy about the ects f sound wheher physcs can help u understad he 9 of soud Virtual rality pogram pogramss • advantage: predict he eect of uildng • crrent disadvantage he he are 40 .
79
TestB READING
G PSSG 1
o n Questions 1-13 1-13,, which are based on Reading You should spend about 20 mus on
Passage belo.
Te Hstor of Glas From our eliest origins, man hs h s been mang use of glss. Historis have covered that a pe pe of natur glss - obsi fed places such s the mouth mouth of a volco s a result of the intense heat of erpt erption ion melng sd - w s stt used s ttips ips r spe spears. ars. rchaeologists rchaeologis ts have ev even en und evidence of mmade gls which dates back to 4000 BC; BC; ths took th thee of glazes used r coatg stone beads It w not util 1500 BC, howeve, that e rst hoow gls contner w made by coverng a sd core wth a layer of molten glss.
abili in the mang of gls boles d my of e ci's crsmen le Ity It y to set up glsworks throughout Europe. A mor ilestone in the sto of gls occurred the invention of lead cryst glss by the English gls muacturer George Renscro (1632-1683). He tempted tempte d to couter the eect of clouding cloudi ng t soet soetimes imes occued blown gls by introducg lead to the raw mates used the process The new gls he created ws soer d esier to decorate, and had a gher reactive dex, adg to i brillice d beau, d it proved invuable to the opc indust. It is thks to Renscros ivention that optic lenses, onomic telescopes, croscopes d the like bece possible.
Glss blowing bece the most common way to to make gls conne om the t cen BC The glss made during ts time ws hily coloured due to the imprties of the r materi. In e rst cent methods methods of cren crengg colourless gls were developed, which w then then tinted by the addion of colourg materis The secret of gls ang w taken across Europe by the Roms during this cent. However, they guded guded the sls d tec tecolo olo required to to me gls v ve e closel, d it w not until eir empe collapsed 476 76 AD that ssmang owledge in 4 becae despread throughout throughout Europe d te Middle Middle Et. From e 10th o e Ves gned
In Btn, the mode gls indust only really sted to develop er the repe of the Excise Act Act in 1845. Before that tha t time, hey tes had been placed placed on the ount of glss melted in a shouse, d were leied connuously connuously om 17 45 to 1845. 1845. Joseph Pons Cs Pace a London's Great Exhibition of 1851 mked the beg of ss a mate used i the bug industr. s revoluony new building buildin g encoaged the se o s , domestic
repuon r tecnic sll d stic
d horcultur chitecture. ls
80
Reading
macturing techiques so iproved with the avcement avcement of science d the development developm ent of better technolo. t echnolo. om 887 onwads, glss ang developed rom tadition outh-blowng
operating in a ercely competitive glob arket here qui, desi d seice levels e crical to ng arket she. Mode Mod e gls plts e cable of ng lons of glss contners contners a day in my erent colours, ith green, green,
to a semiautoatic process, er acto owner HM Ashley Ashley inoduced a achine caable of producing 200 bottles per hor
brown d cle reaining the ost popula Few of us c iagine mode ie wiout gls It feures in amos amostt
in Cstle Cstlerd, rd, Yorkshire Yorkshire Engld more th thee times uicker th y preiou preiouss production produc tion method T hen in 907, the rst ly automated machine ws developed develop ed e USA by Michael Michael Oens under o the Owens Bote Machine Copy ater the or muacturers Oens Iois) Ioi s) d instled instled n i cto cto Owens' invenon could produce impressive impre ssive 2,500 boles per hour Other developments lloed lloed ridl, but it ws not not unti untill the rst Wor Word d a when whe n Bitn Bit n bece cut o o essenti glss supliers supl iers,, th gls gl s bece p of the scientc secto Previous Previ ous to this, glss had been seen a cr rer th a precise science
every sect of our lves in our homes, our cs d henever we sit down to eat or dnk Gls packaging is used r m poducts, my beverages bevera ges e sold n glass, s e nuerous odss, well s edicines d cosetics
Tod, glss mang is big busness t hs become a mode, hitech indust
Gls is ide meri r recycling, d with growng consuer conce r green issues, glss bottles d js e becog ever ore popular Glss recycling recycling is good nes r r thee enironent. It sa th save vess use used d glass contne being sent to lll. s less ener is needed to elt recycled gls th to melt down raw ateris, s so saves fuel d production cos. Recycling so reduces the need r ra maters to be quied, thus sng precious resources
1
TestB Questions 1-8
Complete e notes below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY ONLYfm fm the passage or each ans
te your your ansrs in boxes 1-8 on your aser sheet
Te Hor of Glas
•
Early humans used a material called 1 ................. to make the sharp p points oints of their 2 ............................
•
4000 BC: 3 .... made of stone were covered in a coating of man-made glass
•
First century BC glass was coloured because of the .............. in the material
•
Until 476 AD Only the 5 ...................... knew how to make glass
•
From 0 th century Venetians Veneti ans became amous or making bottles out of glas glasss
•
7th century George Ravenscro developed a process using ............... ........................... ............ . to avoid the occurrence o .................. in blown glass
•
Mid-9th cetury: British glass production developed aer changes to laws ............................... onerning 8 ...............................
Q 9-3 In boxes 1 on on y your our anser sheet, RUE
i te statement agrees ith the inoation
FALSE e statement condicts NO GVEN i the is no inormation on the thisinoation
In , HM Ashley had the astest bottle-producing machine that existed at the time
1
Michael Owens was hired by a large US company to design a ully-automated botle manuacturing machine r them
11
Nowadays, Nowad ays, most glass is produced by large lar ge international manucturers manucturers
12
Concern for the environment is leading to an increased demand for glass e
13
t is more expensive to produce recycled glass than to manufature new glass
82
Reading READING PASSAGE 2
1426, which re based on Reag You should should end about 20 minutes on Questions 1426, Passage 2 below.
Bring back the big cats It' tme to strt retuing vanished vanished native native animals to Britain, says John John Vs
There is a poem, written around 598 AD which describes describes hunting hunting a mystery animal called a 1ewn. But what was it? Nothing seemed to fit until 2006 when an animal bone dating from around the same peod was found in the Kinsey Cave in norhern England. Until this discover the lynx -a large spotted cat with tasselled ears -was -was presumed to have died out in Britain at least 6000 years ago befor beforee
trees return t places that have been denuded allowing parts of the seabed to recover from trawling and dredging permitting rivers to flow freely again bove all it means bringing back missing species One of the most striking findings of modern ecology is that ecosystems without large predators behave in completely different ways from those that retain them Sme of them drive dynamic
the inhabitants inhabitants of these islands took up farming farm ing But the 2006 find together with three others in Yorkshire and Scotland is compelling comp elling evdence that the lynx and the mysterious ewn were in fact one and the same animal If this is so it would bring forward the tasseleared cats estimated extnction extnct ion date by roughly 5000 years
processes that resonate thrugh the whole food chain creating niches for hundreds of speces that mght othewise struggle t survive The killers turn out to be bringers of life
However this is not qute the last glimpse of the animal animal in British culture A 9th century stone cross from the sle of Eigg shows alongside thea deer dee r boarhunter and a aurochs prsued by mounted speckled cat with tasselled ears Were it not for the animal's animal's backside having having worn away wth tme we could have been certain as the lynx lynxss stubby tail is unmistakable But even without ths key feature its hard to see what else the crea creature ture could have been The lynx is now becomng the totemic animal of a movement that is transforming British environmentalism: environmentalism: rewilding. Rewlding means means the mass restoration of damaged ecosystems It involves letting
Such findings present a bg challenge to British conservation which has often selected arbitrary assemblages of plants and animals and sought sought at great effor and expense to prevent them from changing t has ted to presee the living world as if itand were a jar jar fout pickle letting nothing n nothing keeping keepin g nature in a state of arrested development But ecosystems ecosyste ms are not merely collections of species; speci es; they are also the dynamic and evershifting relatinships between them And this dynamism often depends n large predators At sea the potential is even greater by protecting large areas from commercial fishing we could once mre see what 18thcentury literature describes vast shoals of fish being chased by fin and 83
TestB
sperm whales, within sight of the English shore This policy pol icy would also greatly boost catches in the surrounding seas; seas; the fishing industry's insistence on scouring every inch of seabed, leaving no breeding reserves,
On a recent trip to the Cairngorm Mountains, I heard several conservationists suggest that the lynx coul be reintouced there within 20 years If trees return to the bare hills elsewhere elsewhere 1n Btan, the bg
could not be more damaging to its own interests. Rewiling is a rare example of an envronmental movement in which campaigners articulate what they are for rather than only what they are against One of the reasons why the enthusiasm for rewilding is spreadng so quickly n Britain is that it helps to create a more inspiring vision than than the green movements usual promse of Follow us and the world wll be slghtly slg htly less awful than it wou woul l otherw otherwse se have been' The lynx presents no threat to human beings: there is isno known instance of one preyng on people It 1s a specialist preda tor of roe deer, a species that has exploded n Britain in recent decades, holding holding back, by intensve browsng, attempts to re-establish forests It will also winkle out sika deer forests an exotc species that is almost impossible for human beings beings to control, as it hies in impenetrable plantations of young trees The attempt to reintroduce this preator marres well with the aim of bringing forests back to parts of our bare and barren uplands The lynx requires deep cover, cover, and as such presents little risk to sheep and other livestock, which are suppose, as a conditon o subsdes, to be kept out of the woos
cats coul soon follow There is nothing extraordinary about these proposals, seen from the perspective of anywhere else in EuropetoThe now been reintroduced thelynx Jurahas Mountains, the Alps, the Vosges in eastern France an the Harz mo mountains untains in German, and has reestablished itself in many more places The European population has triple since 970 to roughly 0,000 As with wolves, bears, beavers, boar, boar, bison, moose and many other species, the lynx has been able to spread as farming has left the hills and people discover that 1t is more lucrative t? protect charismatic wildlife than to hunt !t, as tourists wll pay foristhe chance toalmost see 1t Largescale rewiling happening everywhere every where excep exceptt ritain Here, attitues are just beginning to change Conservatonists are starting to accept that the ol preservationar model is failing, even on its own terms Alread, proects such as rees for Lfe in the Highlands provie a hint of what might be coming An organisation is being set up that will seek to catalyse the rewilding of land and seathat across Britain, its aim a imtoben beng g to reintroduce rarest of species ritish ecosystems hope
84
Reading Quss 1418 Write the coct le A, B C or D in boxe 1418 on yor anwer heet. 14
What did the 2006 discovery of the animal bone reveal about the lynx?
A B C D
Its physical appearance was very distinctive. Its extinction was linked to the spread of farming It vanished from Britain several thusand years ago
It survived in Britain longer than was previously thought 15 What point does the writer make about large predators in the third paragraph? A B
C D 16
Their presence can increase biodiversity They may cause damage to local ecosystems Their behaviour can alter according to the environment They should be reintroduced only to areas where they were native
What does the writer suggest suggest abou aboutt ritis ritish h conservation conservati on in the fourth paragraph? A B C
It has failed to achieve its aims It is beginning to change direction It has taken a misguided approach
D
17
It has fcused on the most widespread species Potectin Pot ecting g large areas of the sea from commercial fishing would result in
A B C D
18
practical benefits fr the fshing industry some short-term losses to the fishing industry widespread opposition from the fishing industry certain changes to techniques within the fshing industry
ccording to the author, what distinguishes rewilding fom other environmental campaigns? A
Its objective is more achievable
Its are more articuate Its supporters positive message is more appealing It is based on sounder scientiic principles
C D
85
TestB Questions 1922
Complete the summa using the st of words and phrases A-F be. Write e coct le A- , in boxs 1922 on your answer shee
Reintroducing the lynx to Britain There would advantages the lynx to Bitan. While there the is no 19reintroducng evidence thatbe themany lynx has ever putto n danger, t would reduce nubers of certan 20 whose populations have ncreased enormously in ecent decades decades It would pesent only a mnimal threat to 21 provided these were kept away frm lynx habitats Furhermore the reintduction programme would also link ecently with intiatives to rreturn eturn natve 22 to certain areas of the country A
trees
endangeed speces
C
hillsides
D
wild anmals
E
humans
F
m animals
86
Reading Questions 2326
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Readin Passage 2?
I /oxes 2326 on your answer sheet, if he saemen a agrees grees wih he claims o off he r YES NO if e saeme saemen n conradic conradics s e cl claims aims of he r NOT GVEN if i is impossible o say wha he r hinks abou his
3
Britain could become the first European country to reintroduce the lynx.
4 The large growth in the European lynx poplation since 1970 has exceeded conseationists' expeations 5 Changes in agricltral practices have extended the habitat of the lynx in Erope 6
It has become apparent that species reintrodction has commercial advantages
87
TestB READING PASSAGE 3
Yu shou end about 20 minutes on Q 7-4 , ich a based bas ed on Reading Re ading Passage 3 on pages 89 and 9.
Questions 27-33
Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, -G -G..
Choose the coct heading or each paragph fm the st o headings belo Write the coct numbe v , in boxes 233 2 33 on your answer sheet sh eet List of Headings
Disputes over financial arrangements regarding senior managers
The impact on companies of being subjected to close examination
iii
The possible need need for undamental undamental change in every area of business
Many external external bodies bodi es being held responsible responsible for problems problems The falling number of board members with broad enough experience
A risk that not all directors take par in solving major problems
Boards not looking far enough ahead
A proposal to change the way the board operates
27
Paragraph
28
Paragraph B
29
Paragraph C
30
Paragraph
31
Paragrap E
32
Paragraph F
33
Paragraph G
88
Reading
UK companies need more eective bords of directors A
fer a number of serious failures of governance (that is, how they are managed
at the highest level), companies in Britain, as well as elsewhere, should consider radical changes to their directors' roles. It is clear that the role ro le of a board director today is not an easy one Following the 2008 financial meltdown which resulted in a deeper deeper and more prolonged period of economic e conomic downturn than anyone expected, the search search for explanations explanations in the many post-mote post-motems ms of the crisis has meant blame has been spread far and wide Governments, regulators, central banks and auditors have have all been in the frame The role of o f bank directors and management and their widely publicised failures have been extensively picked over and examined in repors inquiries and commentaries
The knock-on eect of this scrutiny has been to make the governance of companies in general an issue of intense public debate and has significantly increased the pressures on, and the responsibilities of directors. t the simplest and most practical level, the time involved in fulfilling the demands of a board directorship has increased significantly, calling into question the efectiveness of the classic model model of corporate governance governance by part-time, independent non-executive directors Where once a board schedule may have consisted of between eight and ten meetings a year, in many companies number of events requiring board input and decisions decisi ons has dramatically dramatically risenthe risen Fuhermore, the amount of reading and preparation required r each meeting is increasing gendas can become overloaded overl oaded and this can mean the time fr constructive debate must necessarily be restricted in favour of getting through the business
C
Oen, board business is devolved to commiees in order to cope with the workload, which may be more eicient eicient but can mean that the board as a s a whole is les involved in fully addressing addressing some of the most important issues It is not uncommon r r the audit committee meeting to last longer than the main board meeting itself. itself. Process may take take the place of discussion and be at the expense of real collaboration, collaboration, so that boxes are ticked rather than issues tackled
D
radical solution, whicemay r some large companies whosemembers business busi nesses es are extensive extensiv andwork complex, is thevery professional board whose would work work up to three or ur days a week, suppored suppo red by their own dedicated sta and advisers advisers There are obvious risks to this and a nd it would be important to establish clearr guidelines fr clea fr such a board to ensure that it did not step on the toes of manageme mana gement nt by becoming too engaged in the day-to-day running of the company Problems of recruitment remuneration and independence could also arise and this structure would not be appropriate or all companies However, more professional and betterinfrmed boards would have been particularly appropriate for banks where wher e the executives had access to inrmation that par-time non-executive directors lacked leaving the latter unable to comprehend or anticipate the 2008 crash
89
TestB
E
One of the main criticisms criticisms of boards and their direc directors tors is that they d do o not cu cuss suiciently on longer-term matters of strategy, sustainability and governance but instead concentrate too much on shortterm financial metrics Regulatory
requirements and the struure of the market encourage this behaviour. The tyranny of quarerly reporting reporting can distor board decisi decisionmaking onmaking as directors have to 'make the numbers ever ur months to meet the insatiable appet appetite ite of the mar market ket for more data This sees to encourage the trading methodology of a certain kind of investor who moves in and out of a stock without engaging in constructive dialogue with company strategy peromade perormance rmance andby is simply seeking a sh short term the financial gainabout This eect hasorbeen worse the cha changing nging profile profi leort of investors due to the globalisation of capital and the increasing use of automated rading systems Corporate culture adapts and management teams are largely incentivised to meet financial goals F
Compensation for chief executives has become a mbat zone where pitched batles beeen investors, management and board members are ught, oen behind closed closed doors but increasingly frequently in the full glare of press attention Many would argue that this is in the interest of transparency and goo governance as shareholders use their muscle in the area of pay to pressure boards to remove underperorming chief executives Their powers to vote down executive remunerati remun eration on policies increased when bining votes came into frce The chair of the remun remuneration eration committee can be an exposed and lonely role, as Alison Carnwath, chair of Barclays Banks remuneration commiee, found when she had to resign, having been roundly criticised r tring to defend d efend the e enormous normous b bonus onus to be paid to the chief executive; the irony being that sh she e was widely und understoo erstood d to have spoken out against it in the privacy of the committee committee
G
The financial crisis stimulated a debate about the role and purpose of the ompany and a heightened awareness awareness of corporate ethics Trust in the corporation has been eroded and academics academics such as Michael Sandel, in his thoughtful and bestselling book What Money Can t uy, are questioning the morality of capitalism and the market econom economy y Boards of companies in all sectors will n need eed to widen their perspecti pers pective ve to encompass encompass these issues and this may involve a realignment realignment o off corporate goals We live in challenging times 1
90
Reading Quesons 34-37
Do e fwing fwing statements agree wth the clams f f the wrter n Reading Passage Pass age 3? In boxes 337 n your answer sheet, write YES
NO NOT GIVEN
if e stement ages with the cs of o f the r if e stement cntradicts the claims f the writer f t s impssle t say what the wrter thinks abut this
34
Close scrutiny of the behaviour of boards has increased since the economic downturn.
35
Banks have been mismnaged to a greater exten than other businesses
36
Board meetings normally coninue coninue or as long as necessay to debate matter matterss in full
37
Using a committee strucure would ensure that board members are fully informed about significant issues
Qestions 38-40
Complete the sentences belo Chse ONE WORD ONLY m the passage fr each answe m Wrte your answers n boxes 3840 384 0 n your answer sheet. 38
Before 200, non-executive directors were at a disadvantage because of heir lack of
39
Boards tend to place too uch emphasis on consideraions hat are only o shorterm relevance relevance
4
On certain maters such as pay the board may have to accep the views of
91
TestB
WRITING
WRITING TASK 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on ths task.
The diagram below shows how geothermal energy is used to produce electrici. Summae the information by selecting and repong e main featus, and make comparisons whe relevant.
Wrte at east 150 words
Geothermal power plant
© Cold
92
Wtg WRITING TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:
Some people people believe that aowing children to make their own choices c hoices on eveay eve ay mars mars (such as foo, clothes and entein enteinmen men is likely likel y to result in a socie of individuals who who only think think about their own wishes. Other people believe that that it is impont impont for children to make decisions about mars that act them. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion Give easons r your answe and include any relevant examples fom your own knowledge or expeience. Write at least 250 words.
93
TestB SPEAKING
PART 1
The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home work or studies and other familiar topics. EXAMPLE A
• • • •
Did you enjoy doing art lessons when you were a child? hy?/Why not?] Do you ever draw or paint piures now? hy?/Why not?] When was the last time you went to an art gallery or exhibition? hy?] What kind of pictures do you like having in your home? hy?]
PART 2
Describe a time when you visited a friend
You will have to talk about the
or family member at their workplace.
topic for one onone e tominute two minutes minu tes You have to think about what you are going to say You can make some notes to help you if you wish
You should say: who you visited where this person worked why you visited this person's workplace and explain how you felt about visiting this peson's workplace
PART 3
Discussion topics: Dierent kinds of workplaces Example quesons:
What things make an oce comrtable to work in? Why do some people prefer to work outdoors? Do you agree that the building people work in is more important than the colleagues they work work with? The impoance of work Example questions:
\ e e e peope n't have to work? Are all jobs of equal importance? Why do some people become workaholics? 94
Audioscripts i•l SECTION 1 Tc EMPLOYEE: Hi Can I help you? v1s1TOR 'd like to find out if you hae any excurion uitable r familie. T EMPLOYEE EMPLOYEE Sure. How about about taking taking your family fr a cruie? We hae a teamh that take aener aener eral eral time a da-it da-it oer 00 year old. v1s1TOR hat ound ound intereting How Ho w long i the trip? Tc EMPLOYEE About an hour and a half. An don't ret to take icture of the mountain. hey're all around you when you're on the boat and they t hey look fantatic vs1TR K And I aume there' a caf or o r omething on board? T EMPLOYEE Sure How old are your children? v1s1TOR r, my daughter' fifteen and my on' een. T EMPLOYEE ight Well there are ariou thing you can do once youe croed the lake, to make a day of it. ne thing that' ery popular i a iit to the Country Farm ou're met o the boat by the farmer and he'll take you to the holding pen, where the heep are kept Children loe feeding them! v1s1TR y on would loe that. He really like animal. T EMPOYEE Well, there alo a 4minute trek round the farm on a hore if i f he want vs1TOR Do you think he'd manage manage it? He H e han't done that befre. Tc EMPOYEE Sure. It' uitable r complete beginner. VTOR Ah good T EMPLOYEE And again iitor iitor are welcome to to explore the farm on their own a long a they take care to cloe gate and o on o n here are ome e beautiful arden alon the ide of the lake which alo belon to th farm-theyll farm-theyll be jut at their th eir bet now. now. ou could eaily pend pend an hour or two there v1s1TR K. Well that all ound good And can we et lunch there? T EMPLOYEE EMPLOYEE ou can can and i' e ood thouh it' not included in the baic cot. ou a when ou e there. there. VTOR
Example
2
3
Right.
v1s1TOR So there anything ele to do oer on that ide of the lake? T EMPLOYEE Well, what you can do i take a bike oer on the hip and then go on a cycling trip here' a trail there called the Back oad oad-you -you could eaily pend three or ur hour exploring exploring it and the cenery' wonderul. he'll ie ou a ma when ou et our ticket r the cruie-there cruie-there no extra chare vsTR What' the trail like in term of dificulty? T EMPLOYEE Quite challenging challenging in place t t wouldn't be uitable for your eenyearold I nd omeone who ot a bi mr xerience v1s1TOR Hmm Well my daughter loe cycling and o do o maybe the two of u could go and my wife and on could tay on the farm hat might work out quite well But we don't hae bike here.. here.. i there omewhere we could rent them? T EMPLOYEE there' a place here in the the city city It' called atche n. n. v1s1TOR 'll jut make a note of that-er, that-er, how do you pell it?
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TC EMPLOYEE: EMPLOYEE: R-A---H--S--N-S. It's just by the crise ship terminal VTO K Tc EMPLOEE oud also need to pick up a repair kit r the bike fm there to take a along long with yo and yod need to t o take along a snack and some water itd be best to get those in the ci ci vsT Fine. hat sholdt be a pblem And I sume I can rnt a helmet fom the QB bike lace? TC EMPLOYEE Sre ou should denitel et that Its a great ride bt you want to be well prepared because its remote ou wont see an shos run there, or Q9 anhre to sta so you need to get back in time r the last boat vs eah So what sor of prices are we looking at here? TC EMPLOYEE ets see thatd be one adult and one child r the crise with farm tor thats $117 and an adult and a child r the crise only onl y so thats $24 dollars altogethe h wait a minute how old did you say yor daughter was? VTO Fiee Tc EMPLOEE hen Im a afraid fraid it 267 because she has to pay the adult fare which is $75 10 instead of the child fare which iiss $22 sory about tha thatt vsT hats K r so how do
SECTION 2 Good morning y names Joypreious arkins and Im the restaurat And I nderstand thateeyone none of yoe had any experience as kitchen manager assistants? Well you might be feelig a bit neros now but most of or kitchen assistants say they ejoy the work. K they might get shouted at sometimes but itits s othing personal a ad d thre le leased ased that th hae so man die dierent rent thins to do which means the nee neerr et bored And Ill tell yo straightaway that that if yo do well we might think about mo moing ing you up and giing yo you u some more responsibility
11
Right well youe all shown p on time which is an excellent star Now Im glad to see none of you hae nsuitable otwear so thats good you nee need d to be caref carefll as the flfloo oo can get e wet and slippery hose of you with long hair hae got it well out of the way but some of Q 12 oll need to rmoe our rins nd brlet ust u thm somewhre fe r oda and remer to leae h at home tomorrow as the can be a sa hazard Now its oin to be a bus da for o all toda we dont hae an tables free r this eenin and onl a few for lunch Foruately wee got or Head hef back he was away on holiday all last week which meat the other chefs had extra work Now Ill tell you a bit more about the job in a miute bt first some general regulations For all of you whateer your age theres some eqipmet you mustnt use until youe been poperly trained like the waste disposal system system r example r healt health h ad safe reasons h I hik tre are u hr wh r nr 8ats mm and Jake isnt it? Rih so r ou o the o the meat slicer is out of bouds And of course none of you are allowed to use the electric mixer ntil youe been shown how it works ow you may hae heard that this can be a stressful ob and hae to say that can be true oll be working an eight-hour day r the first week though youll hae the chace to do oerime aer that as well if you want to Bt howeer long the hours are youll get a break middle What o will find is that ou o our feet all da lon lii and cain in the middle cain so if ore not fit now ou soon will be! oull find ou dot hae much chance to take it eas
Q 13
Q1 4
15 & 16
\ me o need ne ed to do i sraihw sraihw but at least w do hae a ery eicient air conditionig system compared with some kitchens. 96
Test
Now let me tell you about about some some of the people people you need to know. So as I said, I'm Jo Parkns and I decide who does what during the da and how long the work fr I'll be tryin to et you to work with as many diferent people in the kitchen as possible so that you learn while youre on the job One erson whose name ou must remember s Davd Fld If ou nure ourself at all even f its reall minor ou o u must reort to t o hm and he'll he' ll make sure su re the ncdent is recorded and ou get the aroriat reatment Hes trained to ive basc treatment to sta himself himself or o r hell send you of somewhere else if i f necessary necessary Then there's Dxer Wills Will s he's the erson ou need to see if ou smash smas h a late or somethng like that Don't just leave it and hope no one will notice notice ts really important important to et thns noted and replaced or there could be problems later And fnall theres Mke Smith Hes the member of sta who takes care of all the stores of ershables so if ou notice we're gettng low n flour or sugar or somethin some thing g mke sure ou let him know so he can ut in an order
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OK now the next thn
SECTION 3 TRUDIE:
STEWART
TRUDIE
STEWART TRUDIE
STEWART TRUDIE:
STEWART
K Stewart We need nee d to star plannn our paper on publc libraries Have you thouht of an anle yet? Well there's so much we could look nto How librares have chaned over the centuries fr instance or how dierent countres oranise them What do you think abeTrude? we should concenrate n ths count and t and relate the changes in lbrares to external develoments develoments like the fact that far more eole can read than a centu ago and that the local oulation oulation ma seak lots of dierent diere nt languages languages W could nclud somethin somethin about chanes in the source of o f fundin too Yes but remember were only supposed to write a short paper so t's probably best if we don't o nto fundin in any detail Riht Well shall we just brainstorm a few deas to et stared? K We obviously need to look at the mpact of new n ew technoloy partcularly the internet Now that lots of books have been ditalised people can internet c an access them from their own computers at home And if everyone dd that libraries would be obsolete
TRUDIE
Yes.
STEWART
But the dgitalised books that are avalable onlne fr free are motl out of
TRUDIE
STEWART TRUDIE:
STEWART
TRUDIE
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corigh cor igh aren't the? And corght in this count lasts for ears aer the author dies So ou won't find the latest bestseller bestsell er or utodate utodate nfrmaton Thats an imortant ont Anyway I nd it hard to concentrate whn Im readin a lon txt txt on a screen I'd much rather read a physical physical book And t takes loner to read on a screen h I prefer t I suppose it's just a personal preference m I expect that libraries will o on evolvin in the next few years Some have already become centres whre community activities take place lke local clubs meetn there I think thatl become even more common Id like to think so and that theyll still be servin ther traditional functon but I'm not so sure sure There There are financial financial mplicatons mplicatons aer all What I'm afraid will haen haen is 023 that books books and magazines will all dsaear and there'll ust be rows and rows of comuters hey wont look anythin lke the lbrares were used to Well we'll see
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Audioscripts
TRUDIE:
STEWART
TRUDE
STEWART
TRUDIE
STERT TRUDIE STERT
TRUDIE
STRT:
TRUDE
Ive just had an idea. Why dont we make an indepth study of ou ourr local public library as background to our paper? Yes, that'd be interesting interesting and raise all sors of issues Lets make a list of possible we could ask about then work out some sor of structure. For instance um um things we things we could inteiew inteiew some of the sta and fnd out whethe whetherr the lib has its own bude or if thats controlled b the local ouncil And what their policies policies are I know they dont allow food, but IId d love to find out what types of noise they ban - there always seems to be a lot of talking but never
024
music dont wondere know if that's a policy it just happens Ah IveI oen wondered d Thn thereor are thins like how the liba is afected b 025 emloment laws I suose there are ruls abut workin hours failities fr sta and so on 026 Right Then hre are or issues relatin to the desin of the buildin and how customers se i Like what measures does the libra take take to ensure their sat? Theyd need floor coverings that arent slippery, and emergency exits, for instance Oh and another thing - thers the question of the kind of insurance the libr 027 needs to to have in s nne ets inured Yes thats something else to find out. You know something Ive oen wondered? Whats that? Well you know theyv theyve e got an archive of loc local al newspapers going back years? Well next to it theve t he h e dia of a wllknwn olitician from the late 19th centu 028 I wonder why its there Do you know what his connection was with this area? No idea idea ets add it tto o our list of tthings hings to ind out Oh, Ive just thought - ou know 02 eole miht ask in the libra about local oranisation eole oranisations s like sors lubs? Well I wonder if the kee a database database or whether he s look online Right I quite fanc ndin out what t dierenes are between a libra thats 03 be e oen to the ublc an one thats art of a museum for examle - they must b very dierent Mmm. Then something else I'd like to know is .
SECTION 4 In public discussion of business we take cerain values for granted Today Im going to talk about four of them: collaboration, hard work, creativity and excellence Most people would say theyre all good things Im I m going to suggest thats an oversimple vew The trouble with these values is that theyre theoretical concepts, concepts, removed fom the ality of daytoday busines business s Pursue vales b all means but be reared ffr r what m hn as a 03 rslt The can actuall cause dama damae e which is not at all the intention Business leade generally try to do the right tthing hing But all too oen the the riht thin bacres 02 if those ler adot values without understandin and manain the side efects that arise. The values can easily easily get in the way of whats actually intended OK So the t value Im going to discuss is collaboration Er let me give you an example On a manement trnin trnin cor I once attended we were ut into rous and had to construct a bri acs a stram using building blocks that we were given The rule was that eveyone in the team had to move at least one building block during the construction This was intended to encourage teamwork
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Test5
Bu i was really really a job bes done by one person. The oher teams tried to t o collaborae on on Q34 building build ing he srucure and descended ino in o confusion, ih confusion, ih everyone ein in each oher's way wa y Our eam leader solved he challene brillianly She simply asked everyone every one in he eam o move move a piece a few cenimeres cenimeres o comply wih he rule and hen he n le he person in he ea ih an aptiude for puzzles like his build it alone We finished befre any other eam M poin is ha he ask wasn' really suited o eamworkin so hy make i one? eawor can also lead o inconsistency eawor inconsistency - a comon cause of poor sales In he ase ase of a smarhone smarhone ha a certain coan launched one direcor waned o aret the business marke and anoher demanded i was aied a consuers The coman anted both direcors direc ors o be involve involved d so gave the roduc a consumerfriendl name but markeed i o o coanies coa nies The resul was ha ha i me he nee needs ds of neiher gru I ould have been· been·beter to le one direcor or he other have his a not boh Now indusriousness or hard work It's easy o mock people wo say hey work hard: aer all a hamser runnin around in a wheel is workin hard - and etin nohere Of course hard work is valuable bu onl whe rerl aeted Oheise i wass the resources hat comanies value os - ime and ene And tha's bad r he oranisaion There'ss a manaemen odel ha rups people accordin o ur crieria clever hard There' workin stupid and lazy Here laz means having a raional rai onal deerminaion no to car ou unnecessa unnece ssa asks I doesn mean ryin o avoid ork aloeher Mos people display two of hese characterisics, and he os valuable people peop le are hose ho are a re boh clever and a nd
Q35
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Q37
lazy hey clarity theyspen don by makin come up ith sopossess solutions lutions oinellecual save he ime andand enery brush y heino supi supid d and decisions hardorkiThey hardorkin n rup Insead of hroin more anhours a a problem he clever and lazy roup looks r a more eecive solution Next we come come to creativiy creativiy This ofen works well creatin an atenionrabbin commercial r example example miht lead o increased sales sal es u i isn / a ood hin Some adveisin adveisin campains are remembered fr heir creaivity wihou havin havi n any eec on sales sales This haened a few ears ago wih the launch of a chocolae bar subsequen research resear ch showed ha len of consumers remembered remembered the t he advers bu had no n o idea what was being adverise adverised d The trouble is tha he creaor derives pleasure from coin up wih he idea and ronly assumes he audience r the campain will share hat feelin feelin A copany ha brins ou thousands of ne products may seem more creaive han a company tha only has a few few bu b u i may be too creaive and make smaller prois Creativi
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needs o be areed o o solve a roble hat hat he coman has idenified Just comin up ih ore and more novel products products isn necessarily a ood hin And nally excellence We all know companies hat claim hey strive for excellence' bu i aes a lon ie o achieve excelen excelence ce In business bein frst ih a product is more profiable profi able han havin he he best product A maor study of company perforance compared pionee pio neers rs - hat is copanies brinin ou ou he fst versio version n of a paricular produc - wih followers follower s he copanies tha copied and iproved on hat product p roduct The sud und that the ioneers ione ers commanded an average arke share of 2 ercen erce n while he lloers achieved less han han half tha onl 1 ercen even houh heir produc mih have been beer
04
Insisin on excellence in everythin we do is imeconsumin wases enery and leads le ads to losin ou on opporuniies Someies secondrae work is more worhhile han excellence Make sure is excellen ound like a ood approach o business bu he us etsared approach is likely o be b e more successful
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Audioscripts
l•i SECTION 1 MAN: WOMAN
MAN WOMAN
MAN
WOMAN MAN
WOMAN: MAN
WOMAN MAN
WOMAN
: WOMAN
MAN
WOMAN:
WOMAN MAN
WOMAN MAN
WOMAN MAN WOMN MAN WOMAN
MAN
100
Good morning Kenton Festival box oice. How can I help you? Oh, good moing I'm coming to Kenton r a few days' holiday next month and a friend a festival Shte She e gave this and number find about 19thut. it That's told rightmethetheres festival bein n 16tme f M goestoon tillout theabo Examle h h 9 Oh that's great Ill be there frm the 15 till the 1 • So could you tell me the programme please? Wel on the irst day there's the opening ceremony in the town centre People start gathering aroun aroundd 2 o'clock to get a good place to see from and vents will sar Q1 at 245 and nish about 530 OK thanks I'll make sure I get there early to get a good spot The festival will be ocially opened by the mayor He'll just speak for a few minutes welcoming everyone to the festival festiva l All the town t own councillors will be there and of course lots of other people Right
Then therell be a erormance b a band Most years we have a children's choir but this year the local army cadets oered to perorm and they're vey good.
Q2
Uhuh.
Aer th a communi rou from the town will erorm a la the've th e've writen Q3 thmselves u a sh one It Itss about Helen Tunae I don't know if you've heard of her? I cerainly have She ws a scienist ears ao Q 4 That's right She was bo in Kenton exactly 100 years ago so we're celebrating her centenay Im a biologist so I've always been interested in her I didn't realise she came from Kenton Yes. Well all that will take place in the aernoon ad later as the sun sets hrell Q be a rework disla. disla. You should o to the ark to watch as ou'll et the best view from ther an th disla takes lce on the ooie oo ie side of the river It's always one of the most popular events in the festival Sounds great And what's happening on the other days? There are several events that go on the whole time For example he students of the rt collee have rdue rdue ner ner of videos all conncted conncted with relationsis ewen chdren and her randarents That ounds interesting It makes a change from children and parents doesn't it! Exactly Exact ly Because the ar college is in use for classes throughout the festival the videos are bein hown in Handsworh House H ouse How do you spell the name? H-ANDS-W-O-R-H Handsworh House Its close to the Town Hall
Q6
Q7
Right
Now let me see what else can I tell you about? Are there any displays of ballet ba llet dancing? I'm paricularly par icularly interested in i n that as I do iti t as a hobb There isnt any ballet Im afraid but there'll be a demnstration of traditional dance fm all nd the count
QB
Test6
WOMAN: MAN WOMAN MAN WOMAN MAN WOMAN MAN WOMAN MAN WOMAN MAN WOMAN
Oh, that'd be nice. Wheres that being held? Its in the market market in the town centre - the outoor one not not the covere market An Q9 it's on at 2 an 5 every afernoon of the festival apar from the first ay Lovely Im intereste in all kins of ancing Lovely ancing so I'm ure Ill enjoy that! Mmm I'm sure you will nd I really like to go to some concerts if there are any Yes there are several Three perorme by prossionals and one by local chilren n where is it being held? It's in the librar librar which is in Park Street On the 18th, at 630 in the evening I presume I'll nee tickets r that Yes ou can book online or ou an bu them when ou arrive in Kenton Kenton either at Q10 the festival box ofce or from an shos islain our loo in the winows Well I think that'll keep me busy for the whole of my stay in Kenton Kenton Thank you so much for all your help You're welcome I hope you enjoy your stay hank you Goobye
SECTION 2
Right I've now almost succeeed in fnalising plans fr our tour o Ill bring you up to date with what I know s you know were flying first to Munich, on Monay the 4th . he flight is at 1130 so its too early to have lunch at the airport I suest we meet there r cofee at 10 which shoul give us plenty of time fr breakfast before we leave home
Q11
When we arrive in Munich we'll be met at the aiort b Claus Bauer Claus works fr a tour oerator an he'll look afer u fr the time we'll be in Germany Hes alreay liaised with the managers of the theatres were going to visit an hes alo arranged for an oficer of the National Nation al Theatre Theatre in Munich M unich to show us round the theatre t heatre one aernoon ae rnoon uring our stay Now last time we iscusse this trip I int have the precise cost r hotel rooms but now I have The normal rate at the hotel where were stain is 150 euros a niht for a ouble room I' hoe to et that own to 120 eus but in fat I've been able to neotiate a rate of 110 That'll be reflecte in the final payment which you'll nee to make by the en of this
Q12
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week On uesay the ay afer our arrival arrival I ha hoped we coul sit in on a rehearsal at one of the theatres theatres but unfrunately unfrunately thats prove very icut to arrange arrang e o o instea well have a coach trip to one of the amazing castles in the mountains south of Munich On Tuesay evening evening well all have inner together in a restaurant near our hotel From talking to you all about your preferences it was clear that a typical local restaurant woul be too meatoriented r some of you ome of ou sueste an Italian restauran but I must confess con fess that I ecie to book a Lebanese one a we have plenty of opporunities to go to an Italian restaurant at home On Wenesa aferno afernoon on the irector of the la we're oin to see that evenin will talk to us at the theatre She'll describe describe the whole process of proucing a play incluing how she chose the actors actors an, as a s the play were going to see is a moern m oern one how he worke with
Q14
Q15
the playwright
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Audscripts Right Now I'd just like to make a few points about the plays were going tto o see, partly because it might might influence your choice of clothes to take with you! The la were se seein ein on We Wednesda dnesda evenin is a modern one and were oin o the remire so itll be quite a dressy occasion though of course you dont have to dress rmally rma lly I gather its rather a multim multimedia edia production with amazing lighting eects and a soundtrack of electronic music music though unfortunately the playwright is ill and is unlikely to t o be able to attend
Q16
On Thursd Thursd were seein a la that was first erormed last ear when it was commissioned to mark a hundred ears since the birth in the town of a well-known scientist Were going to see a revival of that production which aused a lot of interest
Q17
Fridas la will reall reall make ou think hard about what clothes to ack as itll be in the rden of a alace. Its a beautiful setting but Id better warn you there wont be much protection fom the wind
Q18
On Saturda were oin b coach to a theatre in another town not far frm Munich Tis will Q19 b he oenin of a drama festiva and the maor and all the other dinitaris of the town will be attendin After the peformance peformance the mayor is hosting a reception for al alll the audience and therell be a band playing playing traditional music of the region And aer having a day o on Sunday o ur finl la is on Monda and its in i n th stunnin · Sunday our Q20 th ing ing f f the en he peformance marks the ic h s b c k the ol h 14 en oldd To h To wn wn H H a c s fiy years that the lead actor has been on stage and the play is the one where he made his hi s first prossional appearance appearance all those yea years rs ago And the day afer that well be flying back home Now have you got any questions before I
SECTION 3 BETH: JAMES BETH
JAMES
BETH
JAMES BETH
JAMES
BETH
JAMES
Oh good morning You must be James Im Beth Cartwright please call me Beth hank you Now as this is your first tutorial since you stared on the Scandinavian Studies course Id like to find out something about you. Why did you decide to take this course? Well m mother iiss Danish and althouh we alwas lived in Enland she used to Q21 talk about her home a lot and that me m m want to visit Dnmar Dnmark k We hardl ever dd touh touh m mother usua usuall ll went on her own But when whenver ver her rlatins or friends were were in Enland the alwas cam to see us I see So I assume you already speak Danish one of the languages youll be studying I can get by when I talk to people though Im not terribly accurate Now you probably know that youll spend the third year of the course abroad Have yo had any thoughts about that Im really looking foard to it And although Denmark seems the obvious place to go because of my family connections Id love to spend the time in Iceland Oh Im sure it can be arranged Do you have any plans for when you graduat graduate e A lot of students go on to take a masters degree I think the ur years of the undergraduate course will be enough for me Q22 interested in ournalism andme I u uie ie like the ideatranslatng of movinwhich to Scandina Scandinavia via and wrii creative than I ss most \ \ graduates do
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Test6
BH: JAMS BET
JAMS B
JAMS BE
JAMS B JAMS B JAMES B
JAMS
JAMS
BE JAMES
B
JAMS
B
JAMES JAMS BE
JAMES BE
JAMS
O Now how are you finding the courses you're taking this term, James? Well I'm really enjoying the one on Swedish cinema. That'll continue next term but the one on Scandinavian literature that's runni a the momet mom et will be replaced b mre specialised specialised courses Oh ad b the ay if ou're interest inte rested ed in atching Danish television television rgrammes - there's going to be a course on that the term aer next. That sounds good Have you started thinkng about the literature aer that you have to rite i the next
Q 23
few eeks? Yes m first choice would be to do something on the Icelandic sagas Hmm The trouble with that is that a lot of eole choose that toic, ad it ca be diicult dii cult to get hold of the books you'll eed Wh not leave that r another time? Right.
u miht find modern ovels or 19th cetu plarhs interestin interest in I've read or seen seen several plas in translatio so that ould be a ood idea. Fine I'll ut you don or that toic Right So hat would you advise me to aim at in the aer? First I suggest ou avoid taking oe writer and going into a great deal of detail That aroach cerainly has its lace but I think ou first need to et a understandin of the literature literature in the cotext cotext of the socie in which it as produced - ho it as written r how it wa pulished and so on I also thik that's more fruitful tha lacing it within the history of the genre OK, that sounds reasonable Could I sk for some advice about writing the aer Im orkig on about the Vkings? I have to do that this eek and I'm a bit stuck Of course Have you decided yet yet hat to rite about? o I haven't There's so much that seems seems iteresting - Viking settlement settlement in other countries countr ies trade mythology mythology Wel what I suest is that ou read an assimet a student wrote last ear, hich is ket in the library Its short and ell cused, and I'm sure youll find it helful Ill give you the details in a moment Textboo Textbooks ks usually cover so many toics it ca be be very diicult to choose just one OK Ive got a DVD of the film about the ikigs that came out earlier this year Should I watch that again? If it's the one I am thinkig of hmm I'd ignore it - its more fantasy tha reality But I've ot a recordin of a document that ou should wah It makes some interesting and rovocative oints, hich I thik ill hel you to focus our toic Right So then should I work out an outline? Yes Just headins for dieret sectios at this tae And the ou should start ookin r suitable articles and books to draw on and take notes no tes which ou organise according to those headings I see Then put shor phrases and senteces as bullet poits under each headin Make sure that this skeleton makes sense and flos roerly, bere writing u the aer in full OK Thanks that's very helful
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Q28 Q29
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Audioscripts SECTION 4 Over the years, years, attitudes towards workers have changed considerably. After all there was a time when workers had no rights at all and laboured in appalling conditions Conditions have impoved a lot but conflict in the workplace is still common And human resources managers nowadays need to be able to deal with it hen necessay What is conflict in the worklace? Denitions va bt I'm takin it to refer to a whole rane
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of behaviors that-the victim violence nds unaccetabl from minor harmless aruments at the oosite extreme hsical Much f this is covered b the term bullintoby-which I mean one or mo people behaving absively or aggressively against another who is in a weaker position position Althog Althoghh all behaviour like this is a frm ooff conflict no nott all conflict can be describedd in these terms describe As with all hman behaviour behaviour,, there are numerous reasons for it But oen its cased b 032 someone who fels the need to show their th eir sueriori over someone else in order to feel that they arent at the lowest level in a hierarchy or a gup of people In some cases one erson siml dislikes the other on the basis th tht t the ersonli of one 033 is in some wa incomatible with that of the other erson hab it of optimism in one o ne erso n A general habit person cold make them intolerant of a colleague whos constantly pessimistic - not that that jstifies treating them badly, of o f corse 04
Somethan conflis when as eole are more in romotin themselves their team in thearise coman a whole Theseinterested conflicts are called structural, andand could come about, r example when a sales team believe they are the only people in the business who do any useful work and look down on behindthescenes administrators Conflict obviousl aects b e ve stressful aects the individuals concerned - the sitation is likel to be fr victims resultin in their absence from work ossibl for months For the company if no eort is made to deal with conflict it can spiral ot of control and even lead to the breakdown of the business Some intere Some interestin stin work with chief ex execti ectives ves - CEOs - has uncovere uncoveredd some of the reasons why they may treat treat colleagues badly Ma Man n CEOs combine two oosin characteristic characteristics: s: confidenc confi dencee - that is the be belief lief tha thatt ther theree caable of re reat at achieve achievements ments - with a hih level of anxie a fear f ear of missing targe targets ts whether set by themselves or by the directors of o f the company This combination can make them respond badly to anyone who questions their decisions In a high pressre work environment sch s ch characteristics become problematic And its aicularl diicult diicult to tackle the situation where colleaues colleaues manaers and board b oard members are all tin to achieve their own visions When the cant aree on strateic issues and on where the the see the busin business ess 9oin there are real roblems
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For managers managers at lower levels within the organisation, it might seem that an autocratic auto cratic rm of managem management ent - where the chief executive gives orders and everyone else has to obey would see more conflict than others Interesting Interestingly ly though a coman with a more democratic 038 business mode can ser more, when nceraint about ab out who to reor to leads to conflictin demands Now Ill say a little abot dealin with the type of conflict that has armful eects Of corse the ideal ideal is to prevent it arising in the first place A ood manaer at an an leve will make eorts to\ earn theU resect eole the work and with,treating paricularly who report to them wm U of\the omucations ththose equals who appen to have a dierent le within the organisation
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Sometimes, of coue conflc conflc does occur occur and can ge ou of hand. In such cases he human resourc res ources es depamen ofen ofen ges involved How However ever if one of he aries in a confli sees 04 huan resources resources as sily a mouhiece r he chief execuive hen hen an exernal mediaor ih be able o hel B alking o boh sides and ring o find he ruh of whas been happening he can build a clear picure of he siuaion and give feedback ha boh sides will accep precisel because here independen
l•=i SECTION 1 SUSIE: PAUL
1: PAUL
1
Hello? Hi Susie is Paul here ow are ou? Enjoin Enjoing g our new job? You're working a he librar aren ou? Yes sared when he libra re-oened a onh ao s grea Acuall Carol and have been meaning o join r a while Oh ou should doesn cos anhin anhing g and he new librar has all sors of faciliies facil iies 's no jus a place pla ce where ou borrw books. For inance heres an
PAUL
area wih wi h comfora comforable ble seas where ou can si si and read rea d he magazines he have here Some people spend he whole morning here Mm Wish had ha amoun of ime o spend! Yes ou mus be pre bus a presen wih he children and everhing? We are es Bu were hoping o ge awa his sumer Were hinking of going o Greece Well weve o a much larer secion of he lira devoed o ravel books now so ou should come and have a look can remember if heres anhing specificall on Greece bu should hink so. OK Now Carols organising a projec r he hiso class she eaches a school is abou life in he own a hundred ears ago Do ou have anhing ha migh be useful? Yes acuall weve now o a new secion wih maerials on he hiso of he own and surroundin reion Righ ll el her You can alwas find ha sor of hing on he inerne Now in he old libra here used o be a separae room wih reference reference books. was a reall real l nice quie room Yes Weve pu hose books in he ain pa of he libra now now bu we do have a ro alled he communi room can be hired ou r meeins bu a oher imes eole an us i o sud migh use ha s hard o find anwhere quie a home someimes can remember how old our son and daugher are weve inoduced a secial secion secio n of fici ficion on wrien secially r eenaers bu he migh be a bi oung for ha? Yes he would be
SUSE
Well we do have los of aciviies for ounger children
AUL
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Example
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Yes? or example we have a Science Club A he nex meein he're oin o be 05 sugarr and flour flour and doin exerimens exerimens wih suf ha ha eveone has h as in i n he kichen suga so on 105
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sus1E:
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They might be interested yes. And we have a competition fr children called Reading Challenge That doesn't begin ntil ntil aer the end of term They have to read six books, and they get a ceificate if they manage it So that gives them something to do while they're on holiday instead o getting bored That's the idea And there's special activities for adlts too On Frida we have a lol athr lle Tan Tan Sre who' in t be alkin alkin abo abot t her new novel It's called Catch the Mose' and and she bad th on a crim tha actall tok lae here r ao. Right Were not free on Friday bt I'll look ot r the book Now this probably isn't for yo bt we do have IT sor available for mebers We et qite a few older le comin alon who are wantin to et to seed with comter technolo. technolo. It's on Tesda Tesda mornin mornins s the don't need to ma make ke an aintmn aintmn h jst rn r hin h Well my mother migh be interested I'll let her know OK And there's another seice which o woldn't exect from a libra which is a ree meil check-. The hosital arranes r smone o come ln n meree h vl f r in r lod mer lod an the check cholesterol levels at the m m m Reall?
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Yes bt that's the overs sobe yo woldn't alif OK. Well I'll tellonl my for mother she might interested What other inrmation well w do ave a littl sho with thins like wallchars 09 and reetins crds and also stams so yo can post the cards straightaway which is really sefl Yeah Well Ill bring the children rond at the weekend and wel oin Oh one more thing Ill be brin bringing ging the car car is i s there arkin available? Q10 Yes and it ree in th enin nd a weekends Perfect Well thanks Ssie see yo .
SECTION 2 In this session session in yor training day we're going to look at some of the more secialised holidays we oer at BC Travel Now the travel bsiness is very co competitive mpetitive an andd it' it'ss important to be awaree of how the marke awar market's t's changin changingg and developing IInn terms of age grops tthe he over5s are n imrant imrant marke nd one that thats s in increasin creasin seadil ear on ea earr The fewest holidays are taken by the 3 to 42yearolds and that figre shows no sign of rising The biggest market at present is still the yongest grop the to 3s bbt t this grop's also seen the biggest drop over e as ew years whereas there's a notieable roh in the nmber f holida takn concerned d bookings there are the 5 o earol earol As far as the 43 to 54yearolds are concerne stead bt I have to say we haven't seen the increase we expected
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One trend we're noticing with nearly all age grops is the growing poplarity of holidays clients ents do some kind of specialised activity I'm I' m not talking here abot adventre in which cli hlidays where clients clients take par in highrisk activities like white water rafing st fr the thrill of it. Activi Activity ty holidays sally involve rather less highrisk spos or things like art and msic They're not necessarily necessarily cheaper than ordinary ordinary holidays oen o en the opposite in i n ct Bt the do oen ae lce oside in toris ntres ntres which ives an opportunity for clients to find m abot the loc local al l and cstoms and many say this is one o the most positive posi tive featres of these holidays O corse they oer the chance ch ance to develop a new skill or 106
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talent but cients oen say that more than ths ts the chance to create lasting relationships wth other likemnded people thats the main draw.
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Let me ve ou some examles of BC Travel actvit holdas Our aintn holdas tae lace n fur dferent centres in France and Ital and ther ver oular with clents of all abltes from beinners onwards We've got an xcellent team of artists to lead the classes some of them have been wth us m he star, and fve dditonal ones wll be joinng us ths ear so that we can oer a reater number of classes in each centre
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As far as coon holidas are concerned I know a lot of agents oer holdas where clents Q16 cook recipes related related to one artcular artcular count usually the one there stayng n but we fcus on dshes dshes from from a great many dierent ones Aart from that oull ou ll nd the usual emhasis on ood qual qualt t oranic inredients inredients - that thatss more or less a ven nowadas - and there are enerall enera ll some meatfee reces ncluded Our hotorah holdas take lace in a wde rane of countries from Iceland to Vietnam and clents have have the oortunit to see some stunnin scener scener Gus are small no more than eiht so clents can have oneonone tuton durng durng the holida and excursons are arraned with fulltrained udes At the end of each holda an exhbtion is held of the hotorahs taken so that clents can see one anothers wor and receve valuable feedback from the tuto
Finall let me tell ou about our fitness holdas. In Ireland and Ital we run oneweek eneral fitness classes fr all aes and levels of ftness Clents start the course wth a consultaton with a trainer and toether the draw u an ndvidual roramme As well as imrvin imr vin eneral eneral ftness clients clie nts fnd that the end u losng much of o f the stress st ress theyve theyv e built u in ther daily lves
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In Greece we have a twoweek holday for clients who want to do omething aout ther Q19 weght. Ths has all the features oud exect lke a ersonalised diet rramme but one of its most oular features s that the exercse classes are all held on the beach Peole sa ts far referable to ben in a m Fnall Fnall we ofer several holidas in Morocco One ver ve r oular one s th e mountan bkin holida holi da Bkes are rovided and there are dferent routes accordn to eoles abili abili We oer one whch s tailored to the needs of famles whch famles whch s atcularl at cularl oular
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OK so thats about all the time I have toda so thank ou ver much
SECTION 3 NATALIE:
E: NLIE DAVE NATALIE
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Dave Im worred worred about about our case stud stud Ive done a bt of readin but Im not sure whats nvolved in actuall writin a case stud - I missed mis sed the lecture where r Baker talked us throuh it OK well its qute strahto strahtoard ard Weve ot our fcus - thats tourism tourism at the Hoon Castle ste And ou sad oud done some readn about it Yes I fund some arcles arcles and made notes of the main ma in oints Dd ou remember to keep a recrd of where ou got the inrmaton from? Q 21 Sure I know what a an it is when ou fret that OK so we can comare what weve read Then we have to decde on a arcu arcular lar rblem or need at our ste And then thnk about who were on to nteiew to et more inrmation
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Audioscripts NATALIE:
DAVE
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DAVE NLIE DAVE
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OK So who'd that be? The people who work there? And rsumably some of th Q22 tourists too? Ys, both thos grous. So we'll have to go to the sit to do that I suose But w might also do some of our intiewing away from th sit sit- we cou could ld even contact Q23 some people people hr in th ci lik administrators involvd in overseein tourism OK So we'll need to thin thinkk about our intiew questions and fix times and laces fr the mtings Its all going to take a lot of tim Mmm And if we can, we should ask our intrviewes if thy can bring along some numrical data that w can add to suor our findings And hotograhs? I think we have lenty of thos alrady alrady B But ut Dr Baker also said we hve to establish with ou intiewe intiewees es whether we can identi the them m in our cas stud or whther he want to b anonmous Oh I wouldn't have tho thought ught of that OK onc we've got all this information I suose we have to analyse it Ys, ut it all togethr ad choose what's rlevant to th roblm we're focusing on and analse that carfull to t o find out if we can id idnti nti an trends or reularities ther That's the main thing at this stag, rather than concntrating on details or lots of facts OK And then once weve analysed that what nxt? Well then w need to think about what w do d o with th data we've slected to make it as clear as ossibl to our readers Things like grahs or tables or chars
NATALIE
Right.
DAVE
Then the case study itslf is mostly quit standard; we begin by resenting the roblem and a nd giving so some me background then go through the main sctions but th th thing that surrisd surrisd m is that in a normal rport we'd nd with some suestions suesti ons to deal with the poblem poblem or ned we idenified but in a case stud we end up with a ustion or a sris of ustions to our raders and the decide what ouht to b b don Oh I hadnt realised that
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So basically the roblem wre addressing in our cas study of o f the Horton Castle site is why so few tourists are visiting it And well find out more from our inteiews but I did find one ror on the intrnt that suggested that one rason might be because as far as transort goes access is dificult I rad that too, but that reor was actually written tn yars ago when the road Q27 thre was really really bad but thats been imved now And I think there's pln of of fascinatin fascina tin stuf there fo a rall ood da ou but u'd never realis it from th castle webitewebite- mabe thas the problem problem Yes it's reall and borin ea so a suggestion suggestion that what the castle needs s a visitor centre So we could have a look for some information about that on the internet What would we nd to know? Wll, who'd use it r a start It'd be good to know what categories the visitors fell into too like school aties or retired eole but I think we'd have to talk to sta to gt that inrmation OK And as w're thinking of suggesting a visitor centre we'd also have to look at otntial otnti al bl blms ms I mean, obvious obviously ly it wouldn' wouldn'tt be chea to set u No but it could b a rally good investment And as it's on a historical site i'd ne Q28 p prmsso I xpect That miht b hard.
Test 7
DAVE:
Right especially as the only possible place fr it would be at the entrance and thats right in front of the astle.
NATAE Mmm. DAVE But it could be a good thing for the town of Horton t present its a bit of a ghost town Once the've the 've le school and ot o t an skills or qualifications, he on ole all et out as st as the can to et jobs in the cit and the onl eole le are children and thos who'v retired
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NATAE touri Right Somet else w e could woul would d be the potential damagetthat tourists stsSomething mighthing cause cause to we the castleinvestigate site I mean their environment environmental al impact present the tourists can ust wander round wherever they want but if nmbers increase 03 there miht have to be some restrictions like stickin to marked was nd there'd need to be uides an wardens wardens around to make sure these were en rced DAVE Yes we could look at that too OK well .
SECTION 4 OK so weve been looking at how man-made changes in our envinment can aect wildlife ow Ill discuss a particular example. example. Lets take a look at mercury Mercury's one of the 1 or so eleents that ake up all matter and it has the symbol Hg. Its a shiny silvery substance You ay have seen it in oldfashioned thermometers but its i ts not used uch r doestc doest c purposes now because it's highly toxic purposes But the problem is that the amount of mercury in the environment's increasing he main reason reas on for this is the powe powerr plants used to produce electricity electricity he main m ain source of energy ene rgy that ost of the use is still coal and when it's burned it releases mercury into the atmosphere Some of this gets gets deposited deposited into lakes and rivers and if its ingested by a fish its not excrete it stays in the fishs bod and it enters the f od chain So its been known or some tie that birds which eat fsh may be aected but what wasnt known until quite recentl is 031 that those that eat insects can also be aected So a woman called called Claire arianRamos is doing some research on how this is i s aecting birds nd rather than looking at how any birds are actually killed by mercury poisoning she's looking f r more subtle subeects subeects nd these ma be to do with the behaviour of the birds or with the eect of mercu on she's the wa their arly brain works on so whether it leads to roblems with emo r examle nd particul particularly cusing the eects of mercury on bird song ow the rocess of son leain haens at a artic articular ular stae in the birds develomen and what ou ma not know is that a oun bird seems to acuire this skill listenin to the sons rduced b its father rather than by any other bird nd arian-Ramos has already fund in her research that if oun male irds are exosed to ercu if the eat food containated with mercu then the sons the roduce arent as comlex coml ex as those roduced b b other birds So uite lowlevel exposure to mercury is likely to have an impact impact on male birds in a natural situation situation because it can mean that t hat theyre less attractive to female birds and so it can afect their chances of reroduction ow the way shes carrying out this research is worth thinking about Shes using a mixture of studies using using birds kept in laborat laboratories ories and studies carried out outdoors in the wild he labbased studies have the advantae that ou dont et all th variables ou would in a
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natural settin so the exerimenter has a uch hiher level of control and that means they can be more confident about their results in some ways nd of course they don't have to worry about about going out and finding the birds in orde orderr to t o observe them th em
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Audioscripts So what are the implications here for humans? Well, because many birds are migrato the ma b transorting mercu mercu far from contaminted sites. si tes. For examle its been be en found that cks whd been feeding at a contaminated site were later shot b hunters over a thousand kilometre aa and resumabl eaten But these birds likel had mercur levels hih enouh to warrant concern r human consumption
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In addition, addition, oin back to son leain b birds, we saw that this ma be b e afected b merc mercu uincontamina contamination tion Well we also and knowin that hum humans ans smercu causesindevelomental 038 delas the acquisition of language, factinthis process proces is ver similar the brain reions rei ons it involves and even the enes that are involved But mercur contaminat contamination ion has other impor important tant implications implications r humans as well It nw known th an nborn child can be 039 aected if the od eaten b its 'mother contains high levels f mercu, and these efects can be uite substa substantial ntial In the end, it comes down to whether more value is placed on human economic wellbein or envirnmental wellbein Its true there are new regulations fr mercu emissions from ower lants but these will need nee d billions of o f dollars to iimlemen mlemen and increase increas e costs for eveone Some ar arue ue that thatss too much to pa to protect wildlife But as weve seen, the issues o beond that, and I think its an issue we need to consider ver carefull
Q40
•Ii: SECTION 1 BOB:
MARGARET:
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MARGARET BOB
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BOB MARGARET
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Hello Pembroke Cclin Holidas, Bob speakin Oh hello Ive seen our adver r people to lead ccle trips Are ou the riht person to speak to? Yes, I am Could I have our name, please? Its Mararet Smith Example Are ou looking fr a ermanent job Mararet? Mararet ? Qt No emr Ive ot a permanent ob starin in a few months time, and I want to do somethin else els e until then What work do ou do? This will probabl probabl sou sound nd craz - I used to be a lawe lawer,r, and then I made a complete career chane and Im going to be a doctor Ive ust finished m Q2 trainin Riht And have ou had an experience of leadin ccle trips? Yes, Ive led several bike tours in Africa The trip to India that I had arraned to Q3 lead next month has now been cancelled, cancelled, ssoo when I ssaw aw ou were adverisin r tour leaders I decided to appl OK Now we normall have two or three leaders on a trip, dependin on the size of the roup Some tours are r ver experienced experienced cclists, but weve wev e ot a tour comin up soon in Spain, which is pvin so popular we need an additional leader Its a cclin holida fr milies Would that suit ou? It cetainl would I eno workin with children and I probabl need some more experience experie nce before I o on a rall challenin trip trip That tour includes several teenaers: have ou worked with that ae roup Yes, Im a volunteer worker in a outh club, where I help people to improve their Q4 cclin skills Before that I helped out in a cclin club where I tauht beinners
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Well that's that's great Now the trip I mentioned is just r a tnight, but there t here might be the possibility of leading other other tours afer that Would that fit in i n with your plans? Thatd be fine. Ill be free fr five months M ob is due to stat on October O ctober the 2nd and Im available from Ma Ma the the 1st until late Setember Setember Good Now is there anything I need to know about the food you eat? We usually have one or two people people in the grup who dont eat meat or have some so of od allergy allergy so were always vey careful about that Yes Im alleric to cheese Would that be a problem? No as long as we have enough notice we can deal with that. Thats great
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It sounds really interesting -would you lie me to t o fill in an application rm? Yes please Where should I post it to? Could you send send it to 27 Arbuthnot Place -ARBUTHN0T -ARBUTHN0T Place Dumfies Q And whats the ostcoe ostcoe lease? QB DG7 4PH Was that P Papa or B Bravo? Papa Got that. If you could return the application form by Friday this week we can 9 interview ou on uesda uesda next week Say half past two Would that be possible r you? Yes its fine ure quite a long way from where I live so Ill drive over on Monday. Monda y. Should I bring bri ng anything anything to the interiew? Well have your application form of course, but well need to see any certificates youve got that are relevant, in cycling first aid or whatever K.
And at the inteiew wed like to find out about our exerience of bein a tour Q10 uide so could ou reare a tenminute tenminute talk about tha leae? You dont need slides or or any complicated equipment equipment just some notes Right Ill start thinking about that straightaway! straightaway! Good. Well well look foard to receiving your application form and well contact you to confirm the inter interiew iew Thanks ver much Thank you, Margaret Goodbye Bye.
SECTION 2 Welcome to this podcast about the Sheepmarket which is one of o f the oldest parts part s of the city As its name name suggests suggests there was originally a market here where farmers farmers broug brought ht their sheep but now now its been redeveloped into a buzing buzing vibra vibrant nt area of the city which is also home to one of of the citys fastestgrowing communities communities The nearby university has always alwa ys meant the areas popular with students who come in to enjoy the lively nightlife but now raduates embarkin on on careers in the worlds of shion and desin are buin u the new aartments recentl built here to relace the small houses where the market worke used to live The narrow narrow old side streets are reat laces fr findin oriinal ictures ewelle and which won't break the ban ban as well as local produce like fruit and vegetables ceramics which ceramics Theres also also lots of pavement cafes where you can have a coee and watch tourists from all
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over the world go by. The oldest buildings in the area are on the main streets, including the citys first department store built in the 1880s, which is still open today The Sheepmarket is a centre r fashion and there's a policy of enouraging new young designers design ers The Young Fashion compe competition tition is open to local young peopl peoplee who are passionate about fashion This ear theve been asked to desin an outfit based on ideas fr the m n thn i n l h ss f heir evea life using both natural and an-ade
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ibres garments be judged a ane anel l of experts designers signers and the winninggThe winnin entries will bewill modelle modelled d at abyspecial gala eveni evening ngand fashion de Parking at the Sheepmarket is easy There are plenty of pay and display car parking spaces on the roadsides roadsides which are fin finee if you just want to stay for an hour or two but if you yo u want to spend the day there its better to park in one of o f the four underground underground car parks Its not expensive expen sive and if ou can resent a recei receit t from one of the local stores oull not be b e chaed at all Aer six pm many of the car parks have a flat rate which varies but it is usually vey reasonable The Sheepmarket is one of the main centres fr a and histo in the whole of the country visitors start from If you look at our map youll see some of the main attractions there Most visitors Cwley Road at the bottom of the map The Renolds House is one of the oldest houses n the i an is on to the blic Its on the noh side of rawl Rod ne the the fotath that leads to the ublic ardens The area areas s paicularly inter interesting esting r its unusual sculptures Te humb is ut wht its ame ill R R s h h You s e i o ill h r fro r fro the su es es ut t bot 1O re h Bank
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The Museums ot a aricularl fine collection of New Zealand landscaes Its on the east side of the the Sheemar Sheemarket ket on Cit Road Its on the othe otherr side of the ro road ad fom the ublic arens immediatel immediatel facin the unction with· with· Hill Road
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The Contemora t Galle is on a little oad tthat hat leads of Station S Suare uare not far fm the ublic ardens The ro d ends at the alle it doesnt o anhere else Thats open every day except Mond Mondays ays
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The Warner alle secialises in 19thentu r r I n it Road nar th unction with Crawle Road on the same side of the rad as the ubli ubli a ardens rdens Its open on weekdays fro to 5 and an d entry is free Finall if oure interested in urchasin hih uali artwork the lace to o is Nucleus You need to o fom Crawle Road u thuh Station Suare and east alon Hill Road until ou et to a small windin oad tuin o o o u there and its on our riht if ou et ttoo Ci Road ouve one too far
Q19
SECTION 3 KTIE: JOE KIE: JOE KIE JOE
Joe you know I giving a presentation in our film studies class next week? Yes Well could we discuss it? I could do with geing someone elses opinion f course, Katie What are you going to talk about? Its about ilm adaptatio adaptations nsfilm of Shakespeares diere dierent nt approaches that directors take plays I've got vey interested in all the Uhuh
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KTIE
JOE
So I though Id sar wih Giannei, who' profr profr of film and lierare lierare and in one of his books books he came p wih raihord classifi classificaion caion of film adaaions based on how faihfl hey are o he oriinal plas and nvels Rih Ive alread made made some noes on ha so I js need o sor so r hose o befre he resenaion. I hoh ha nex Id ask h clss m u wih he wors exampls of hkar hkar adaaions ha heyve heyv e seen an o ay wh Tha shold be more fn han havin havin heir favorie versions versions Yes I can cerainl cerainl hink of a cole! Rih Nex I wan o alk abo Rachel Malchow I came across somehin on he inerne abo her work on film adaaions and I was hinkin of showin some film clis o illsrae her ideas Will o have enoh ime hoh? Boh o reare and drin he resenaion? Aer all I dob if oll e able o find all he clis o o wan Hmm Perhas ore rih OK well Id beer do some slides insead sayin how vrios ilms rlae o wha she says says Tha shold encorae discssion Mmm Nex I wan o sa smhin abot how plas may be chosen r atin becas heyre cone cone with isses of he ime when he flm i mae. Yo mean hins like arioism or he role of overnmens?
021
022
023 Q24
TIE
Exacl Exacl Is qie rick b Ive o a few ideas Id I d like o discss KTIE
And inall I wan o alk abo a few adaaions _ ha I hink illsrae a rane of aroaches and make some commens on hem Do o know he Jaanese film
Ran? JOE
KTIE
JOE
KTIE
JOE
KTIE
JOE
KTIE JOE
KTIE
JOE
KTIE
JOE
KTIE
I haven seen i. I I was based on Shakeseares King Lear, wasn i? Thas rih I was a ve ve loose adaaion in he same siaion and so b movin i o 6h en Japn insead of 6h cen cen Briin. So r examle he kins dahers dahers become sons becase in i n Jaanese cl a ha ime women wom en coldn scceed o he hrone OK. I hoe ore oin o alk abo he993 ilm of Much Ado About Nothing. I hink has one of he bes Shakeseare films I reall brins he a o life doesn i? Yes I aree And And I hink filmin i in Ial where he play is se makes yo see wha w a s lik l f a t h h im ime e of he pla if e w ike e a Absolel Rih whas nex? Er nex I hoh Romeo & Juliet he 99 film which moves he acion ino the preen da Yes i worked worked reall well I hoh - chanin he wo fedin families in he oriinal oriinal o wo comein bsiness emires even hoh here seakin in he Enlish of he oriinal la. Yod exec i wold sond reall bizarre b I nd I soon o sed o i. Me oo Then I hoh hoh Id inclde a real Hollwood film one has inended inended o aeal o a mass commercial adience There ms be qie a nmber of o f hose Yes b Ive picke h 99 film of Hamlet I includ eve line of he ex b is more like a ical cion hero movi - here are loads of secial secial eecs eecs b no niin inerreaion of he la All show and no sbsance Exal Then heres Pospeo's Boks bse on The Temest Tha was rlly innovaive from a slisic oin of view
Q 25
Q26
027
028
029
113
Audioscrts lv ? Ddnt t nlue ance an s gn an anmon, as wll a lv l n m tio Lookg for Richa. Dd y evr see ? KTE: Y tt . • l n m n th th a fe s f end f d m OE N bt 've read abu It s b end Rchard I an' ? KTE ha rh ' mre a a f lkn n h peple naa nne h he plarh - he pla reall j j he an pn An ha'll be here fnh JOE:
03
OE
Well n a hh ll be ve neren
SECTION 4 h lere lere ll be ab he ene f a he f n n relan rban envnmen env nmen h a e A an a enne enneer er melf hnk h an area he here re e' lkel ee rea hane hane n he pa reearhn reearhn rban nape a mple We meare level f n n ebel e ake m n meer an meare he ne mehere an hen mh ak a ample f peple a a ha level he n beame ann annn n Wh aa lke h h a a enne ennee e have been able bl p ha e all ne map map map f he n envnmen envnmen B aall he hee e aren' a l f e Wha he he h ha he hhe hhe ne level n areha enerall n a - h ell ha ha' ' n reall ver apre rprn B here' qe a l n hee map n' beae he an' he mplex a ha n vare ver me S hey nore n ue h as he ne mene mh hear frm he en n r aren f her nehbr an h f ne an be qe n nan an n mmer We n have an aabae n n h f nrman A ell a ha hee rer f n level ake n an f he fa ha peple peple va n her perep perepn n f ne - mene lke me h ear f rkn n a a mh be ve ver r ere eren n fr frm m n h ha a rear B ana even hh hee ne map are farl re heyve been efl n rvn nfrman n ran warene ht ne m mer er e nee al al h an a lal maer An ha ha mpran - e nee rle an relan beae ne an ae all r f prblem
031
032
he f h are eller kn ha hn n 4 hr a a eller fen er frm nerrpe leep ' al knn ha ne an lea a re n level f re re e phal hane n he b aen he mpn f he bl An here are her prblem a ell r nane f hlhlren n' have a e lae y her rk ll er
033
N ne prblem h ebel mearemen ha en erenae beeen eren pe f ne Sme ye f n ha m ele l rbabl hnk f a ne an 034 relan mh mh ell re e hhl n ebel level - hnk f he n ae by a nan nan n a n re fr eamle ha' n neearl mehn ha e' an nrl r ree S mabe reearher hl ner hee f n n rban en h n be rk beae mearn ebel level n' n help here ne nea a 035 man reea reearher rher are n al ene ehne ehne yn ele emna re n by n ennare an n S ha eal eal peple an hear n n an rban envrnmen? Sme reen nerplna earh ha me h rel ha a fr h eem nra - a nee have a ene f av nee be lvel h n lke he la lakk f a e e intrsive \ e ae beae a he ame me e nee be able rela
036
114
TestB
s civg thi will geig rchitt d wn pla t One of th major probl s h rh. rh. Ap frm tuyig th ai f ai th pop re v ve u h l riin i ti area Bt i fat th hol rari o a a ooit to a riin to th th xri xri of ra livi whra at rt tth h t to it a omthi to aoi or r a far a oil, or omthi that t a o for ir lik th aoi trt raia tm What i r oi i iti to rar a aa athti qalit a omthi that ha ha th qaliti of a art rm If I f w akowl thi th w rtl r tl to l x ow what ov it a how i a wor with it to vlop a mp tdin t din f ma f f ht i i th rla ihi ihi o a a ltre ? hat a w lar fm iili h a holo aot th wa that o itrat wth hma vlomt a oial rlatiohi a th wa that o at or thoht a fli fl i Ca we l r r hig frm phyi t th atr of o f sun iel Toa' owl Toa' owl tholoi tholoi a alo hl To how thir ia a hl to imai ima i th t t thir ili will hav hav arhitt arhitt a tow pla lra virtal t. I th ftr h roram roram ol raliti r e sile n t. ar len ms a r ral ali i - h p rorm p ror o mai that oa ol xlor for i ilt So hofll i th t tholo w a la or ha o th it ooff th ft will w ill a lar la r to th ar a wll a th
Q37
Q38
Q39
Q40
115
Listening and Reading Answer Keys li LISTENING
Section 1, Questions 1-10
Section 3 Questions 21-30
1 2 3 4 5 6 8
mountains horse garden(s) lunch map experience Ratchesons hemet
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
budget employment safety nsurance diary
9 10
shops
29 30
database museum
267
B C C
Section 2 Questions 11-20
Section 4 Questio Section Question n 31-40 3 1-40
11 A 12 A 13 C 14 C 15&16 IN EITHER EITHER ORDER ORDER
damage sde eects brdge confuson smaphone resours unnecessary/not necessary chocolate bar problem market shar
17 18
C
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
19 20
D B
40
A E F
If you score . 0-15
16-24
20
you are unlkely to get an aceptable scoe nder examinaton examin aton condtons and we recommend recommend that you spen spend d a lot of time impving your Englsh bere you take IELTS.
you may get an acceptable score under examnaton conditions conditi ons but we recommend that you think about havng more practce or lessons before you take IELTS
you are likely to get an acceptable score under examnaton ndtons but remember that dierent insttutions will fnd derent scores acceptable
116
Listening and Rea Answer Keys READING
Reag Passage 1, Questions 1-13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
NOT GIVEN FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE taste cheaper convenient image sustainable recycled biodiversity desertication
Reag Passage 3, Questions 2727-40 40 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Reading Passage Quesns 126 2, 14 15 16 17 18 1 9
educational Trainspotting NOT GIVEN FALSE NOT GIVEN TRUE TRUE
antiques triumph infrmation contact/meetings hunt/desire aimless/empty
vi viii ii iv iii vii fre science investigators evidence prsecution NOT GIVEN YES NO NO
If you score . 26-40
15
16-25
you are unlikely to get an
you may get an acceptable
you are likely to get an
acceptable score under acceptable und er examination examina tion conditions and we recommend recommend that you spend spen d a lot of time improving your English before you take IELTS.
score under examination conditions but we recommend that you think about having more praice or lessons befre yu take IELTS
acceptable score under examination conditions but reeber that dierent institutions will nd dierent scores acceptable
117
Lstening and Reading Answer Keys
l•i LISTENING
Section 1, Questions 1-10
Section 3 Questions 21-30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
2.45
band play scientist river grandparents Handswoh traditional outdoor logo
Secn 4, Questions 31-40
Section 2, Questions 11-20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C B C A E G D C A
B C A B C F B E G C
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
bullying superiori personality stctural absence condence visions democratic respect mediator
If you score ..
-
C
0-16
C ·�
17-5
-
260
·� � ·
you may get an acceptable you are unlikely to get an score under examination acptable sre under nditions but we recommend examination examinatio n nditions and yo u think about having we remmend that you spend that you more practice or lessons a lot of time improving your English before you take IELTS. before you take ELTS
." " - .
7
you are likely to get an acptable score under examination conditions but remember that derent institutios will nd dirent sres accetable
Lstening and Reag Answer Keys READING
Reading Passage 1, Questios 1-13 1
A
0
2 B H 3 4 D 5 B 6 C 7 G 8 B 9 A 10&11 IN EITHER ORDER
21
22 3 2 5 26
Reading Passage 3, Questns 27-40
D E 1&13 IN ORD C
7 8 9 30
D
31 3 33 3 35 36 37 38 39 0
Reang Passage 2, Questions 1426 14 15 16 17 18 19
iii TRUE FALSE FALSE NOTGIVEN rubber farmer
iv vi viii V
i
vii
eye movements language co-activation Stop Task conflict management cognitive control YES NOTGIVEN NO NO NOTGIVEN D
G
B
C
f you score . 15
1625
20
ou are unlikel to get an cceptable score under examination conditions and we recommend that you spend a lot of time improving your English bere you take IELTS. LTS.
you may get an acceptable score under exmintion conditions but we remmend that you think about having more practice or lessons before you take IELTS
you are likely to get an acceptable score under examination conditions but remember that dierent institutions will nd dierent scores acceptable
I
9
Lstening and Reag Answer Keys
l•i LISTENING
Section 1, Quesns 1-10
Section 3, Quesns 21-30
1
21 22 23 24
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
traveltravel(l)ing history study teenagers kitchen crime appointmenbooking sugar stamps parking
E H B
25
A
28
C
26 F 27 A 29 B 30 B
Section 2, Questions 11-20
11 &12 IN ORDER D
E 13&14 EIT ORDER A 15 16 17 18 19 20
C
C
C B A
stress weight families
Section 4, Quesns 31-40 insects behaviou/behavior father complexcomplicated reproductionbreeding control duck(s) language food cost(s)price(s)bill(s)
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
If you score . �
15
16 25
20
you are unlikely to get an acceptable score under examination conditions and we remmend that you spend a lot of time improving your English before you take IELTS.
you may et an acceptable score under examination conditions but we recommend that you thin about having more practice or lessons before you tae IELTS
you are likely to get an acceptable score under examination conditions but remember that dieren institutions will find dierent sres acceptable.
120
Lstening and Reading Answer Keys READING
Reading Passage 1, Questions 1-13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1
V
iii viii i iv vi ii pirates food foo d oi setters species eggs
vaccinations antibiotics
22 23 24 25 26
mosquito(e mosquito( e )s factories frests Polio mountain
eading Passage 3 Questions 27-40
Reag Passage 2, Questions 126 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21
D C F G D B
27 28 29 0 31
dopamine pleasure caudate anticipatory phase fod
32 33 34 5 36 37 38 9 40
B C A B D F B
E C
If you score ... 0-14
you are unlikey to get an acceptabe score under examination conditions and we recommend that you spend a lot o time improing your y our Engish before you you take IELTS.
15-24
you may get an acceptable score under examination conditions but we recommen recommend d that you think about having more practice or essons bere you take ELTS
25-40
you are ikely to get an acceptabe score under examination conditions but remember that dierent institutions will nd dierent scores acceptable
121
Lstening and Reading Answr Keys
l•i: LISTENING
Section 3, Qustions 21-30 21 cassication 22 worst 23 sides 24 issues
Section 1, Questions 1-10 tempora 1 door 2 Africa 3 4 youth May 5 6 - cheese 7 Arbuthnot 8 9 10
25 26 27 28 29 30
DG74PH
Tuesday talk/psentation
Section 2, Questions 11-20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A
C B B H C F G I B
A E C
G B
Section 4, Questions 31-40 31 garden( garden(s) s) 32 political 33 work/study 34 ountain 35 socia 36 ively 37 training 38 cuture 39 nature 40 sient
If you score ... 015
1624
you are unlikely to get an you may get an acceptabe acceptable score under score under examination examination conditions and nditions but we recommend we remmend that you spend that you think th ink about having a ot o time improving your more practice or essons Enish beore you take IELTS. beore you take IELTS
25O
you are ikely to get an acptabe score under examination conditions but remember that dierent institutions wil ind dirent scores acceptabe
122
Lstening and Readng Answer Keys READING
Reading Passage 1, Questions 1-13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
obsidian spea beads impurities Romans lead clouding taxes TRUE LSE NOT GIVEN TRE FALSE
20 21
D
22 23 24 25 26
A
F NO
NOT GIVEN YES YES
Reading g Passage Passage 3, Readin Quetions 27-40 27 28 29 30 31
iv
ii vi viii vii
32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Reading Passa Passae e 2, Questions 126 14 D 15 A 16 C 17 A 18 C 19 E
iii
YES NOT GIVEN NO NO information inancial shareholde/investors
If you score . 14
1524
20 -
you are unlikely to get an acptable sre under examination examina tion condition conditionss and we recommend that you spend a lot of of time impving yo your ur nglish before you take IELTS.
you may get an acptable score under examination cnditions cndi tions but we recommend that you think about having more praice or lessons before you take IELTS
you are likely to et an acceptable sre under examinatio examination n conditions but remember that dierent institutions will nd diere dierent nt scores acceptable
12
Sample answers for Writing tasks TEST 5, WRITING TASK 1 SAMPLE ANSWER
This is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a examiner's comment:
Bnd 5.0
score. Here is the
he candidate covers covers the key features and rounds o o the description with an overview Oanisation is evident, however not wholly logial and it is sometimes diicult to relate data to specific age group Vocabulary is just about adequate but is i s rather dependent on input material [gular physical activity I peentage]: original material is limited to eg [teenager I md-twenties] with a lot of inaccuracy in word ormation ormation Most sentence forms consist of simple structures and these are oen inaccurate [bar's change an intesg I men's percentage are incasing I the percentage more ecrease unt, though there is some accuracy accura cy in comparative forms [is higher than].
T ( c s h (Cla of AuL m d Wl L df( df( 5p w dLd ,5u ,5u ph:Lc cLvL L 2010. I' LlL" 8 o h b ch o 2 A,\Ll ml'S of L" 8 u ph: SLc cvL L 2. ii. i. h m W m' SS cr a LS W'S cr e LS i C5d 5d d LlL5 Af Af( ( 2 hL5h( ! W S (C e Hv( S C o , s fO hLs lL5 whU wo tut c c h h LftL wLh ch h Ls ovLs h hL Lfm L uLn wl cn fols ls L lr 5 cL n Lt m much coss f CL L I L o v cu O C Ot kp C cL11 cLs To m 11 v L Ls cc o h r hrs L whLch L LftL L cL LLO, L c LfmL C t .
LNt hL 8 hL 8 \l
125
Sample answe for Wting tasks
TEST 6, WRITING TASK 1 SAMPLE ANSWER
This is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a examiner's commen comment:t:
Bnd 7 .0
score. Here is the
The candidate covers all the key features and presents a clear overview of the developments planned Informatio Information n and ideas are logically organised and there is a clear progression throughout the response A range of cohesive device devicess is used lexibly [cuntly [cuntly Overa First of / thefore Moover The nex point To sum up]. up ]. Lexical choice shows show s flexibility and precision, and includes i ncludes less common items [modcations preicg groupe in shopping , though there is some inapropriate word choice [eses] A range of grammatical structures is used flexibly flexib ly and accurately and error error-free -free sentences are frequent
1 � of h c"( of h S of l5'Lp eL L"fL° cL cu"\ M L" h f. v• \ of mLCL°S C obNd L" 8 h fC v" R,S of CCdL"e 0 C" h c" LS o O c5L A mL" d vs s v shs P· L" 8 m h m dLcL" 8 h f( dv\" of h cL \0 of mCL°S C" oNd 1 5L of c" wL L L" " Ov S; ( cSL wU\ d Ov h 5L" 8 \ wU\ rcd bLo \ CL A SL" wUI V c"\ w s w bU wLh w fcULLs h bus SL° L 1 sh wU\ ed L" s"e 1 t L" Ls " whch wU\ \\ As h cL wL v m wUI bLo r T " h C\ m of Lp c" M h fu p\d v\"• \ of mLCL°S dLcd cL wUI bL r wLh m cULLs 0r wL d M csLd w" dL 1 cL cL wL v cd d
126
Sample answers for Writing task
TEST 6, WRITNG TAK 2 SAMPLE ANSWER
This is an answer written by a canddate ho acheve a Bnd 5.0 score. Here s the examinr's omen: The repns repns loks a soe avantages ad disadvanages of the topc, top c, but doe n reach any concluson As a esult, ther is a ack f oveal progressio progr essio although ogansation is evdent and coheve devices a used (thogh rather mchancally) [O of advantages I For exmple A/so Another disadvantage I For instance]. The range of lexis s adequae fr he task hower thre are fen spelling mikes [cons yonge que and rrors in word choce or foration foration [chancing to improve unemployee pblem] Ther are aepts to produce omple entence entence rs but there i a lak of gaatca conrl con rl which can cause soe iculy iculy the reer [ due t some countries mit the population, if t have more young young chdn it ove overr lmi
Ns, the pe f ctes hove th � 8 pe m hn th d l e le hiS hiS 1hen ther ces hove th � °e p me thn th \d le wUI co, . .ho ho cld nceos lotiO n the fube Ah le thL Lt 5 t cntLes ILmL t lotO, L f tt ve e �n5 chUen, Lt wUI ve ILmLt Ts e wUI dLSS the vMto es od ddvones es Ln e cLeS h.ve the � p me tn h \d pe LnceoS the l lO cLeS cLeS th fmU e f odvnt. es LS LnceoS h . .ve ve e chUen cou tho con Lncre. s Lncre. s the lotLO Ln fue F le Ln L" , UhLne s O W Ls me cncLn ve t ec ec . . tLS os wnAl, he� vecn o lt f �n5 5enerotLO, he 5ven Lve 5tLS ectiO ve ssems Lnl t 9 uULed uULed eochrs, . .e e e f dLdvon es s e f sb f he �8 5enoLO sUI o l, h wUI nt en5h f the sb, t vernn sld OStuct me h\ Al, whn th� ve the w s, eocr wU\ n . . en5h eoh hem LveSLt� shld 5e udent sb t eochLn eoO Ar dLvnes Ls 9 l: l: f f St.ns n Ln t , eoc e ce o Lne, wn o m t ned f eocs Fre, wn ( , t
m wl n c t c c reeLe ever t o j cQ, Ln t . . e t t L, t t L - ,, t t e th ons f slvL une lms whih n n Ln t fue
127
Sample answers r r Wg tasks
TEST 7, WRITING TASK 1 MPL
This is an anser ritten by a candidate ho achieed a B 6 score Here is the examiner's comment: The candidate organises the inormation e and describes the trends in the arious groups but the ack o data to support the ddescriptions escriptions is a signiint si gniint omission. There is a cear progression throughout the response ith good management o cohesie deices [percentge of pele who I during the same peod I in ese segmen of e cha I the groups in which I such facities]. exis shos some exibiity and precision [ a weekly basis] and there is eidence o ess common items [segments I majo majorr changes I most of the t he populan I mos n ord choice [visualises I be leastt pular leas pul ar I with the exception o ith e errors iin cen].
but I there There are aso is a e ariety errors o compex in gramatica structures contro usedand ithin exibiity punctuation. and accuracy vL\L f ! Ll LlLz5 Lz5 l f-f UlS UlS L �5 2003, 200< 2013 F 2003 l 200< Clo f w v v l f f 5 f 1%, O l " L ! f LlS w f f v� f\ f\ l 3% f \lLO L 200
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