IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
Klaus-Peter Brand
[email protected]
Lecturer Scope Market requirements The standard structure Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL
Klaus-Peter Brand ABB Switzerland Ltd ABB University Switzerland & ABB Power Technology Systems (Utility Automation) Member of TC 57 WG10 Editor of IEC 61850-5 Co-editor of IEC 61850-7-4 Co-editor of IEC 61850-10 Member of Group of Experts handling amendments, updates and extensions of IEC 61850 Liaison officer CIGRE SC B5 – IEC TC57
[email protected]
Outlook IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
March2005 / Page 2
Scope and SA structure IEC 61850 means Serial Communication for all functions both between Station/Bay Level and Bay/Process Level
Scope Market requirements The standard structure Acceptance Approach
Station level Station bus
Logical Nodes and objects
Bay level
Hierarchical data model
Process bus
Services SCL Outlook
Station gateway
Station computer
HMI
Control
Process level IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
Protection
Protection & Control
Control
Protection
Cu wires Process Interface
Process Interface
Process Interface
Switchgear/Switchyard March2005 / Page 3
Situation before IEC 61850 Scope Market requirements The standard structure
Station level
HM I
Station Gateway
Central Functions
Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects
Bay level
Hierarchical data model Services SCL Outlook
Protection 1
Protection 2
MVB,CAN
Process level IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
Processinterface
Protection & Control
Protection 1
Protection 2
others Processinterface
Processinterface
March2005 / Page 4
Market requirement Scope Market requirements The standard structure Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL
Because of the • global, deregulated market • transnational business of utilities • international business of providers one and only one global standard for communication in substations and beyond is needed
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March2005 / Page 5
Requirements and meaning Scope Market requirements
Interoperability
The standard structure Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL
The ability for IED’s from one or several manufacturer to exchange information and use the information for the their own functions.
Free configuration The standard shall support different philosophies and allow a free allocation of functions e.g. it must work equally well for centralized (RTU like) or decentralized (SCS like) systems. Long term stability The standard shall be future proof, i.e. it must be able to follow the progress in communication technology as well as evolving system requirements.
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March2005 / Page 6
The response: IEC 61850 - structure (1) Scope Market requirements The standard structure Acceptance Approach
IEC 61850-x (x = part number) System Aspects
Configuration
Part 1: Introduction and Overview
Part 6: Configuration Language for electrical Substation IEDs
Part 2: Glossary Part 3: General Requirements
Logical Nodes and objects
Part 4: System and Project Management
Hierarchical data model
Part 5: Comm. Requirement for Functions and Device Models
Services
IEC is 618 r 5 for ead 0 us y e
SCL Outlook IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
March2005 / Page 7
The response: IEC 61850 - structure (2) Scope Market requirements The standard structure
IEC 61850-x (x = part number) Abstract Communication Services Part 7-1: Principles and Models
Mapping to real Comm. Networks (SCSM)
Acceptance
Part 7-2: Abstract Communication Services (ACSI)
Part 8-1: Mapping to MMS and to ISO/IEC 8802-3
Approach
Data Models
Logical Nodes and objects
Part 7-3: Common Data Classes
Part 9-1: Sampled Values over Serial Unidirectional Multi-drop Point-to-Point link
Part 7-4: Compatible Logical Node Classes and Data Classes
Part 9-2: Sampled values over ISO 8802-3
Hierarchical data model
Testing
0 5 8 1 6 y IEC read is use for
Services SCL Outlook IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
Part 10: Conformance Testing
March2005 / Page 8
Acceptance by Suppliers: see exhibition at Cigre exhibition Paris 2004 Scope
Booth of IEC 61850 Users Group „UCA International“
Market requirements The standard structure Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL Outlook IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
March2005 / Page 9
Acceptance by Suppliers: participation at the UCA International booth Scope Market requirements The standard structure Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL Outlook IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
March2005 / Page 10
Acceptance by Customers: Pilot projects Scope Market requirements The standard structure Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL Outlook
Pilot projects have been started at the end of 2004 They are not part of the Tutorial but will be reported in the Workshops or in the Manufacturers’ Forum IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
March2005 / Page 11
Approach and meaning Scope Market requirements The standard structure
Problem for standardization approach
Slow
Application Domain Substation
Acceptance
Solution for standardization approach APPLICATION switching devices protection & control commands, events, alarms, …
DATA MODEL Objects Service
Approach Logical Nodes and objects COMMUNICATION messages, telegrams, frames on the wire …
Hierarchical data model Services SCL Outlook
Fast
Communication Technology
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
ISO/OSI seven layer stack
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
March2005 / Page 12
Introduction of Logical nodes Scope Market requirements The standard structure Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL
Communication relations in a Substation Automation System Information is exchanged between all devices (IED) which comprise the system More precisely, data are exchanged between the functions and sub-functions residing in the devices The smallest part of the function that exchanges data is called Logical Node (LN) in IEC 61850. The LN performs some operations for the overall function IED
IED
LN
LN
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March2005 / Page 13
Logical Nodes in the Language of Substation Engineers Scope
Control Q0/CSWI Q8/CSWI Q9/CSWI Bay-HMI IHMI
Example GIS
Market requirements The standard structure Acceptance
Earthing Switch Q8_L1/XSWI Gas density mon. Q8_L1/SIMG
Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL Outlook
Secondary technology
Isolator Q9_L1/XSWI Gas density mon. Q9_L1/SIMG Circuit Breaker Q0_L1/XCBR Gas density mon. Q0_L1/SIMG IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
Primary technology
Distance Protection PDIS
March2005 / Page 14
Logical Node Groups (First letter listed) Scope Market requirements The standard structure Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services
L System LN (2) P Protection (28) R Protection related (10) C Control (5) G Generic (3) I Interfacing and archiving (4) A Automatic control (4) Examples PDIF: Differential protection RBRF: Breaker failure XCBR: Circuit breaker
M Metering and measurement (8) S Sensor and monitoring (4) X Switchgear (2) T Instrument transformers (2) Y Power transformers (4) Z Further power system equipment (15)
CSWI: Switch controller MMXU: Measurement unit YPTR: Power transformer
SCL Outlook IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
March2005 / Page 15
Data model: Hierarchy Scope Market requirements The standard structure Acceptance Approach
Bay Unit
Physical Device (IED) defined as Server ↑ Implementation
Control
Logical Device (LD) ↑ Grouping Logical Logical Node Node (LN) (LN)
CSWI Switch Control
Data ↓
Logical Nodes and objects
Data (Object)
Position
Properties ↓
Hierarchical data model Services SCL
Attribute
Control Value
Value
Status Value
off/on
intermediate/off/on/bad
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March2005 / Page 16
Data model: Hierarchical set of objects Data container with related data
Scope Market requirements
Example: Modeling of a combined Control-Protection device
Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL
Physical Device (Server)
The standard structure
Common
LLN0 LLN0
Control CSWI
Pos
Protection PTOC
Str
ctlVal
stVal
LLN0 Op
Common LLN0 Name plate “Vendor etc.” Control Switch Control Position Control Value Status Value Protection Overcurrent Start/Pick-up Operate/Trip
Outlook See IEC 61850-7-1,2,3,4
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
March2005 / Page 17
Benefits of modeling relationships between LNs Scope
Device Example: Station Workplace
Market requirements
IHMI
(Human Machine IF)
The standard structure Acceptance Approach
Device Example: Combined Protection and Control Unit CSWI
(Switch Controller)
PDIS
(Distance Protection)
Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL Outlook
TVTR
(Voltage Transformer)
XCBR
(Circuit Breaker)
TCTR Device Example: Circuit Breaker IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
(Current Transformer)
Device Example: Combisensor March2005 / Page 18
Example for Logical Node: LN XCBR out of IEC 61850-7-4 Scope !
Market requirements
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Outlook IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
March2005 / Page 19
Example for Common Data Class DPC Scope Market requirements The standard structure
off/on
Control and status
Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services
Attribute Name ctlVal operTm stVal q t
pulseConfig Configuration ctlModel and description sboTimeout sboClass d Substitution
SCL Outlook IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
subEna subVal subQ subID
Attribute Type BOOLEAN TimeStamp CODED ENUM Quality TimeStamp
intermediate/off/on/bad
PulseConfig CtlModels INT32U SboClasses Visible String255 BOOLEAN CODED ENUM Quality Visible String64 March2005 / Page 20
Example for Logical Node: LN PDIS out of IEC 61850-7-4 '" )
Scope
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Market requirements The standard structure
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March2005 / Page 21
Common data classes (CDC) Scope
Status information (7)
Status settings (2)
Market requirements
Measured information (9)
Analogue settings (2)
Controllable status (5)
Description information (3)
The standard structure
Controllable analogue (1)
Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL
Examples SPS: Single point status ACT: Protection activation information MV: Measured value WYE: 3 Phase measured value
DPC: Double point control SPG: single point setting DPL: Device nameplate
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March2005 / Page 22
Services Scope Market requirements The standard structure Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL
Standardized data access and transfer (Services) read a value / attribute write configuration attributes control a device (direct operate / select before operate) event oriented communication with reporting local storage of time-stamped events in a log get directory information file transfer for e.g. - parameter and software download - upload from monitoring information like travel curves or history of gas density values Transfer of generic object oriented system events (GOOSE) Transfer of sampled analog values (SAV)
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March2005 / Page 23
IEC 61850: Details for Communication services Scope
SA specific data model evolves slowly
Market requirements
Communication technology changes quickly
The standard structure
Splitting of SA specific data model from communication technology
Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL Outlook
Model according to state-of-the-art SA technology
Data Model (Objects,Services)
Client Server Communication
ISO/OSI – Stack Hierarchical set of Rules how information is coded for transmission According to state-of-the art communication technology
* Generic Object Oriented Substation Event IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
Sampled Values
Mapping
Abstract Communication Services Interface (ACSI) Stack Interface
GOOSE*
MMS
Real time Communication
TCP IP Ethernet Link Layer Ethernet Physical Layer with Priority tagging (100 Mbit/s)
Stack selection according to the state-of-the-art Communication technology March2005 / Page 24
Client-server communication and reporting Scope
Client-server communication
Acceptance
using full seven layer stack confirmed transmission layer very reliable relatively time consuming. Therefore, the client-server communication is not suited for time-critical data transmission but very well for the communication with an operator having a response time of the order of 1 s.
Approach
The server
Logical Nodes and objects
The client
Market requirements The standard structure
Hierarchical data model Services SCL Outlook
is the source of all data for the client
asks the server for information. changes by parameter setting the behavior of the server issues commands via the server e.g. to switchgear configures at the server conditions which allow the server to send a report automatically to the client (report control block) The content of the report is defined by a data set. In contrast to master-slave mulitiple client-server links are possible.
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
March2005 / Page 25
Time critical communication with GOOSE Scope Market requirements
No data change
Problem for real-time data: - No time for acknowledgement - No time for repetition after loss detected
GOOSE messages (content defined by data set) are repeated with maximum interval Tmax
The standard structure Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects
Tmax = 1024 ms
Tmax = 1024 ms
Data change
GOOSE messages starts immediately with the changed values in some short repetition intervals (Tmin), then the interval will be increase (fast or slowly) to Tmax
Hierarchical data model Services SCL
time
b
Tmin = 2 ms Tmax = 1024 ms
Outlook
Tmax = 1024 ms IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
time Tmax = 1024 ms March2005 / Page 26
Time critical data flow with SV (sample values) Problem for real-time data: - No time for acknowledgement - No time for repetition after loss detected
Scope Market requirements The standard structure
Benefit for samples: Some few samples may be lost without impact on the function to be performed
Acceptance Approach
Sampled values (SV) messages are very similar to GOOSE messages:
Logical Nodes and objects
SV messages are defined with help of data sets; the start event is a continuous clocks pulse
Hierarchical data model
The problem is the high synchronicity requested for phasors (about 1 µs); this problem has to be solved by time pulses for the time being.
Services
An extensions for time synchronization over the bus according to IEEE 1588 is not yet included but in preparation for IEC 61850
SCL Outlook
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
March2005 / Page 27
Substation Configuration description Language (SCL) Scope Market requirements The standard structure Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL
Formal description of device and system structure To provide interoperability a formal description of the Substation Automation System with all communication links is needed All IED capabilities have to be described formally in an unambiguous way All communication services applicable have to be described formally in an unambiguous way The relationship between the switchgear (single line) and the data of the substation automation system have to be described formally in an unambiguous way
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March2005 / Page 28
Topics of SCL
HMI
Scope Market requirements
Description of Single line diagram
The standard structure
Allocation to Single line diagram Access points for LAN connection
Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL
GW
What inputs, e.g. GOOSE messages belong to an IED? Input section ! Data sets and control blocks for report and GOOSE messages Instantiable types of LNs (LN Type), Data objects (DO types), Data attributes (DA types) Data model (server side) with services: IED capability description
BU 1
BU 2
BU 3
BU 4
Outlook IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
March2005 / Page 29
SCL: Formal description of device and system structure Scope Market requirements The standard structure Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services
For the formal description is provided by the Substation Configuration description Language (SCL) based on XML defined in part 6 of the standard (IEC 61850-6) usable for IED Capability Description (ICD) files System Configuration Description (SCD) file System functional specification (SSD) and more The engineering information is exchangeable between tools !!!
SCL Outlook See IEC 61850-6
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
March2005 / Page 30
The Engineering Process with SCL Scope
The standard structure Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL Outlook
Device (IED) Device Selection
Market requirements
SCD file part per IED
Device specific tool
IED Capability Description (ICD) file System configurator
System specification description (SSD) file Single Line Diagram (S/S spec) IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
Feeder Block Diagram (function spec)
SCL files System Configuration Description (SCD) file System Documentation files
March2005 / Page 31
Design example Scope Market requirements
Ethernet Ring
HMI
GW
The standard structure
Ethernet Switch
Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL
BU 1
Outlook
BU 2
BU 3
BU 4
Bay Control and/or Protection Unit IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
March2005 / Page 32
IEC 61850: What is standardized and what not ? Scope Market requirements The standard structure Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL
Standardized Data model with LN, DO, Attributes Services Configuration Language (SCL) ICD file (requested) and other SCL based files Not standardized LD and high plant identification Functions Allocation of functions to IEDs SA concepts and architectures Redundancy Tools and engineering process
Outlook IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
March2005 / Page 33
Future Scope Market requirements The standard structure Acceptance Approach Logical Nodes and objects Hierarchical data model Services SCL Outlook
Activities Maintenance of IEC 61850 within substations Work started to use use IEC 61850 also outside the substation, i.e. for wind power, for hydro power, for distributed energy resources (DER) The feasibility of IEC 61850 for the link to the NCC has been proven, a harmonization between the data model of IEC 61850 and the CIM model on Network Level is in progress New work items to use IEC 61850 for line protection (teleprotection) are in preparation. The IEC TC57 WG10 takes care to the common data model The user group UCA International promotes the standard and tries to support all users. The goal is a seamless communication architecture for utilities IEC 61850 Short Tutorial
March2005 / Page 34
