IE0308 Fuentes ACDC y Reguladas
Short Description
reporte de fuentes AC/DC y reguladas laboratorio electrico 1...
Description
Nota Final: 98
Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Ingeniería Escuela de Ingeniería Eléctrica IE0308 - Laboratorio Eléctrico I Grupo 03 Segundo ciclo 2017
Reporte:
Experimento III: Fuentes AC/DC y reguladas
Grupo de trabajo 04 José Gabriel Fonseca Solis, B32677 Carolina Loaiza Rodríguez, B33784 Profesor: Luis Poveda Wong
21 de septiembre de 2017
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Índice 1. Objetivos Objetivos 1.1. Objetivo Objetivo General General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2. Objetivos Objetivos específic específicos os . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 2 2
2. Corrección Corrección del del Diseño 2.1. Converti Convertidor dor AC/DC AC/DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1. 2.1.1. Simulac Simulación ión con valores valores reales de la conversión conversión AC/DC AC/DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.2. 2.1.2. Etapa de de regulació regulación n con diodo diodo zener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.3. 2.1.3. Simulac Simulación ión con valores valores reales reales de la etapa de regulación regulación con diodo zener . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.4. 2.1.4. Etapa de regulaci regulación ón con regulador regulador integr integrado ado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.5. 2.1.5. Simulac Simulación ión de la etapa de regulación regulación con salida de 5V y valores alores reales de componentes componentes . . . . . 2.2. Etapa de regula regulación ción con salida salida de -5V -5V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1. 2.2.1. Simulac Simulación ión de la fuente regulada regulada de -5V con valores valores reales reales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3. Fuentes uentes con reguladores reguladores LM317 LM317 y LM33 LM337 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1. 2.3.1. Fuente uente de 6V 6V con LM317 LM317 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.2. 2.3.2. Simulac Simulación ión de una fuente fuente regulada regulada de 6V con valores valores reales reales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.3. 2.3.3. Fuente uente de -7V -7V con LM337 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4. Fuente uente de corrient corrientee constante constante con LM317 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 9 10 11 11 12
3. Lista Lista de componentes componentes
14
4. Lista Lista de equipos equipos
14
5. Resultado Resultadoss experimen experimentales tales y analisis analisis de resultados resultados 5.1. Converti Convertidor dor AC/DC AC/DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2. Fuente uente de 5V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.1. 5.2.1. Regulació Regulación n con diodo zener zener . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.2. 5.2.2. Regulació Regulación n con con LM317 LM317 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3. Fuente uente de -5V regulada regulada con un LM79XX LM79XX . . . . . . . 5.4. Fuente uente de 6V con regulador regulador integra integrado do . . . . . . . . 5.5. Fuente uente de -7V con regulador regulador integrado integrado . . . . . . . . 5.6. Fuente uente regulada regulada de corriente corriente . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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15 15 16 16 17 17 18 19 20
6. Conclusio Conclusiones nes y Recomendac Recomendaciones iones
22
7. Anexos Anexos
24
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Índice de figuras 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38.
Circui Circuito to para para la la con conve versi rsión ón AC/DC AC/DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Comportamie Comportamiento nto de de la tensión tensión a lo largo largo de la la conver conversión sión AC/DC AC/DC - Rizado Rizado en la la salida salida . . . . . . . . . 4 Proceso de conver conversión sión AC/DC AC/DC con valore valoress reales reales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Fuente uente con con salida salida de de 5V regul regulada ada con con diodo diodo zener zener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Comportamie Comportamiento nto de las las tensiones tensiones en el circuit circuito o regulados regulados por un diodo zener zener y una resistenc resistencia ia limitado limitadora ra 5 Comportamie Comportamiento nto de las las tensiones tensiones en el circuit circuito o regulados regulados por un diodo zener zener y una resisten resistencia cia limitad limitadora ora con valores reales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Circui Circuito to con con regu regulad lador or de de volt voltaje aje LM317 LM317 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Etapa de regula regulación ción a 5V con con regulado reguladorr LM317 LM317 co con n valor valores es teóricos teóricos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Etapa de regula regulación ción a 5V con con regulado reguladorr LM317 LM317 co con n valor valores es reales reales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Etapa de de regulaci regulación ón con regul regulador ador LM7905 LM7905C C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Etapa de de regulaci regulación ón con regul regulador ador LM7905 LM7905C C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Etapa de regulaci regulación ón con regulador regulador LM7905C LM7905C con valor valor de resistenc resistencia ia real . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Fuentes uentes con con LM317 LM317 o LM33 LM337 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Fuente uente de 6V con con LM317 LM317 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Fuente uente de 6V con con LM317 LM317 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Fuente uente de 6V con con LM317 con con valor valores es reales reales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Fuente uente de -7V con LM3 LM337 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Diseño Diseño de fuent fuentee de corrien corriente te regulad regulada a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Esquemáti Esquemático co de fuente fuente de de corrient corrientee regulada regulada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Comportamie Comportamiento nto de fuent fuentee de corriente corriente regulad regulada a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Etapa Etapa de de recti rectifica ficació ción n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Etapa Etapa de filtrad filtradoo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Respuesta Respuesta en frecuenci frecuenciaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Fuente uente regulad regulada a con diodo zener zener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Regula Regulació ción n con con LM317 LM317 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Fuente uente de -5V regula regulada da por LM790 LM7905 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Mínimo Mínimo señal señal de tensión tensión en la la fuente fuente regulada regulada de de 6V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Señal de tensión tensión en en la fuent fuentee regulada regulada de de 6V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Fuente uente regulada regulada de -7V con con regulador regulador lineal lineal LM337 LM337 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Fuente uente regulada regulada con un LM337, valor valor negativo negativo mayor mayor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Gráfica Gráfica de la corrient corrientee obtenida obtenida en el regulador regulador con variaci variación ón en el p otencióme otenciómetro tro . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Ejemplo Ejemplo de salida salida de 12V en fuente fuente regulad regulada a de corrient corrientee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Datash Datasheet eet de los los LM79X LM79XX X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Datash Datasheet eet de los los LM79X LM79XX X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Datash Datasheet eet de los los LM79X LM79XX X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Datash Datasheet eet de los los LM33 LM3377 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Datash Datasheet eet de los los LM31 LM3177 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Datash Datasheet eet de los los LM31 LM3177 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
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Índice de tablas 1. 2. 3. 4.
Rangos Rangos permiti permitidos dos para para el diseño diseño . . . . . . . . . . List Lista a de comp compon onen ente tess 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List Lista a de equi equipo po . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tabla abla de corri corrien entes tes de de salida salida en en el regul regulado adorr . . . .
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12 14 14 20
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1
Resumen En este proyecto se estudia el proceso de conversión AC/DC, se diseñaron e implementaron además sus etapas, principalmente las diferentes formas de regulación mediante el uso de reguladores de tensión, tales como diodos Zener o reguladores integrados como el LM317, LM337 y otros, para el diseño de diferentes tensiones de salida según las condiciones de diseño dadas.
Palabras Clave: AC/DC, reguladores, zener, integrados.
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1 Ob jetivos
2
1. Objet Objetiv ivos os 1.1. 1.1.
Objetiv Objetivo o Gener General al
Diseñar e implementar fuentes de alimentación de corriente directa para circuitos electrónicos, utilizando distintas topologías.
1.2. 1.2.
Objetiv Objetivos os especí específic ficos os Diseñar e implementar fuentes rectificadas, reguladas de tensión con diodos zener y con reguladores lineales. Diseñar e implementar fuentes de corriente ajustable. Reconocer las principales características de las distintas fuentes, ventajas y desventajas y sus aplicaciones.
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2 Corrección del Diseño
3
2. Corre Correcc cció ión n del del Diseñ Diseño o 2.1.
Conve Convertid rtidor or AC/DC AC/DC
La conversión de una corriente AC a DC se efectúa con las etapas que ya mencionadas en la nota teórica. Para este diseño en especial especial se deben cumplir las condicione condiciones: s: Transformador con relación de 10:1 a partir de 120 Vrms Resistencia de carga de 1,2kΩ 1,2k Ω Uso de un rectificador de onda completa Voltaje de rizado v Rp
p
−
≤ 0, 8V
Entonces, se fijan los valores de la carga, el transformador, se utiliza un puente de diodos para modificar la onda y obtener las parte positivass y por último se utiliza una capacitancia disponible en la bodega para cumplir con la condición de vRp p ≤ 0, 8V Obteniendo el siguiente modelo del circuito: −
Figura 1: Circuito para la conversión AC/DC
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2 Corrección del Diseño
4
Figura 2: Comportamiento de la tensión a lo largo de la conversión AC/DC - Rizado en la salida Donde se observa que las tres condiciones de diseño se cumplen y los puntero señalan que su diferencia provocan que el voltaje de rizado es menor a 0,8V. 2.1.1. 2.1.1.
Simulaci Simulación ón con valores valores reales reales de la conver conversión sión AC/DC AC/DC
El circuito presenta la misma configuración que la figura 1, sustituimos sus valores de diseño por los valores reales medidos, R 1 = 1, 18k (Combinación en serie de resistencias de R = 980Ω + 980Ω + R = 100, 6Ωx2) 6Ωx2) y un capacitor cuyo valor es de C = 203, 5uF , la simulación en TINA corresponde al mismo comportamiento entre valores de diseño y reales como se ve a continuación:
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2 Corrección del Diseño
2.1.2. 2.1.2.
5
Etapa Etapa de regul regulaci ación ón con diodo diodo zener zener
Para la regulación el diodo zener tenemos el siguiente circuito:
Figura 4: Fuente con salida de 5V regulada con diodo zener Donde la etapa de regulación es dirigida con una diodo zener y una resistencia que limita la tensión de salida. Esta resistenc resistencia ia se calculó calculó por medio medio de la ecuación: ecuación: R =
V CCmax − V Z I Zmax Zmax + I Lmin Lmin
(1)
Donde se obtuvo que: Rlim =
15V − 5, 1 V Rmax − V z = = 193, 09Ω I Lmin 49mA + 2, 27mA Lmin + I Zmax Zmax
Pero al ser 193 , 09Ω un 09Ω un valor no disponible en bodega, se optó por utilizar una resistencia de 330Ω, 330Ω, valor superior cuyo efecto en la simulación se aproxima de la mejor manera a los 5V. La simulación de este circuito se puede observar en la siguiente gráfica:
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2 Corrección del Diseño
2.1.3. 2.1.3.
6
Simulaci Simulación ón con valores valores reales reales de la etapa de regulaci regulación ón con diodo zener
En esta sección se utilizó la misma configuración que la figura 4, se utilizaron valores reales de resistencias (Combinación en serie de resistencias de R = 980Ω + 980Ω + R = 100, 6Ωx2), 6Ωx2), un capacitor cuyo valor es de C = = 203, 5uF y una resistencia limitadora Rlim = 330Ω además 330Ω además de una fuente con un valor de Vrms de 7,47V (Al generarse un problema con los transformadores se utilizó una fuente CC) Se obtuvo la siguiente simulación,
Figura 6: Comportamiento de las tensiones en el circuito regulados por un diodo zener y una resistencia limitadora con valores reales Este valor en el diseño genera una tensión de 6V pero en la práctica como se verá más adelante, sí se genera una tensión de 5V de salida en la carga. 2.1.4. 2.1.4.
Etapa de regulaci regulación ón con regula regulador dor integra integrado do
El circuito de regulación con un integrado cumple con la misma forma que el del diodo zener, la regulación es la etapa que difiere donde en este caso se cuentan con dos resistencias para regular la salida de tensión del regulador como se ve en la siguiente figura:
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2 Corrección del Diseño
7
V out = V ref
R1 1+ R2
+ I ADJ ADJ R2
(2)
Nuestra condición de diseño nos pide una tensión de salida de 5V, por condiciones del regulador LM317 V ref =1,25V, I ADJ ADJ = 100µA y para las resistencias con la relación: R1 (3, 75 − 100µR2 ) = 1, 25R2
Fijando un valor en bodega para R1 de 100 Ω 100 Ω obtenemos entonces un valor de R2 = 302,49 Ω utilizando el valor más cercano en la bodega, entonces usamos una resistencia de 330 Ω. La simulación del circuito anterior es:
Figura 8: Etapa de regulación a 5V con regulador LM317 con valores teóricos Donde se observa en los punteros una tensión de aproximadamente 5V de salida 2.1.5. 2.1.5.
Simulaci Simulación ón de la etapa de regulación regulación con salida salida de 5V y valores valores reales reales de componentes componentes
Para esta sección se utilizaron la misma configuración presente en la figura 7, 7, los valores reales son R1 = 2163Ω, 2163Ω,R2 = 100, 6Ω y 6Ω y R 33 = 327, 4Ω con 4Ω con una capacitancia de C = = 203, 5uF , dando como resultado la siguiente simulación,
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2 Corrección del Diseño
2.2. 2.2.
8
Etapa Etapa de de regula regulació ción n con salid salida a de -5V
Se requiere diseñar una etapa de regulación con un regulador integrado, para que haya una salida de -5 V, con una resistencia de carga de 100. Este diseño estará compuesto del convertidor AC/DC diseñado anteriormente y un regulador LM7905C, el cual tiene tensión de salida de -5 V.
Figura Figura 10: Etapa de regulación regulación con regulador regulador LM79 LM7905C 05C Para calcular la potencia disipada por el regulador hay que calcular la corriente que pasa por el mismo, la cual es la que pasa también por la resistencia de carga: I L =
−5 V R = = −50mA RL 100
(3)
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2 Corrección del Diseño
9
La simulación de este circuito es la siguiente:
Figura Figura 11: Etapa de regulación regulación con regulador regulador LM79 LM7905C 05C Donde se aprecia claramente en la salida una tensión de -5V regulada en la línea verde. 2.2.1. 2.2.1.
Simulaci Simulación ón de la fuente fuente regulada regulada de -5V con valores valores reales reales
Se efectúo la simulación con la configuración del circuito que se encuentra en la figura 10, 10, para ello se utilizó solamente una resistencia de R 1 = 100, 6Ω, 6Ω, dando como resultado el siguiente comportamiento:
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2 Corrección del Diseño
10
Figura 13: Fuentes con LM317 o LM337 El fabricante brinda la siguiente ecuación: V ref ∗ (1 +
R2 ) + ( I ADJ ADJ ∗ R2 ) R1
(6)
Despejando para R 2 R2 =
V OUT − V ref V ref R1
+ I ADJ ADJ
(7)
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2 Corrección del Diseño
11
Figura 15: Fuente de 6V con LM317 Donde por medio de los punteros se aprecia una salida regulada de aproximadamente 6V. 2.3.2. 2.3.2.
Simulaci Simulación ón de una fuente fuente regulada regulada de 6V con valore valoress reales reales
Para esta simulación se utilizaron valores reales de resistencia R1 = 100, 6Ω, 6Ω, R2 = 214, 7Ω, 7Ω, R1 = 830Ω, 830Ω, y una capacitancia C = = 203, 5uF El resultado de la simulación es:
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2 Corrección del Diseño
12
Figura 17: Fuente de -7V con LM337
2.4.
Fuente uente de corrie corrient nte e constan constante te con LM317 LM317 Rangos permitidos del LM317 Valor mínimo mínimo Valor máximo máximo Tensión de salida [V] 1,25 37 Corriente de salida [A] 3,4 Tabla 1: Rangos permitidos para el diseño
Para diseñar una fuente de corriente regulada con un LM317, se utiliza el circuito de la figura 18, 18 , brindado por el fabricante.
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2 Corrección del Diseño
13
V IN = 5 V + 37V = 42 V
Entonces se deben usar tensiones de entrada entre 6,25V y 42V. El esquemático de la fuente regulada de corriente es el siguiente:
(13)
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4 Lista de equipos
14
3. Li List sta a de compo compone nen ntes tes Nom ombr bre e Resistencia Resistencia Resistencia Resistencia Resistencia Resistencia Resistencia Resistencia Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Transformador
Sigl Sigla a R R R R R R R R C C C -
Valor alor nom nominal nal 2200Ω 1000Ω 1000Ω 820Ω 330Ω 100Ω 33Ω 220 Ω 220µF 330µF 1µF 12Vrms
Valor alor Expe Experi rime men ntal tal 2163Ω 2163Ω 980Ω 980 Ω 983Ω 983 Ω 830Ω 830 Ω 330Ω 330 Ω 100,6 100,6 Ω Ω 33,6Ω 33,6Ω 214,7 214,7Ω Ω 203,5µF 330.1µF 1µF 11,7Vrms
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5 Resultados experimentales y analisis de resultados
15
5. Result Resultado adoss experime experimen ntales tales y analisi analisiss de result resultado adoss 5.1.
Conve Convertid rtidor or AC/DC AC/DC
Se implementó el convertidor previamente previamente diseñado que se muestra en la figura 1. Sin 1. Sin embargo se tuvieron problemas con los transformadores, por lo tanto se utilizó el generador de señales con una tensión V p = 9,8. En el convertidor AC/DC diseñado, se identifican 4 etapas. Se realizo un análisis independiente para cada etapa. En el diseño se parte de la señal proveniente del toma corriente, luego se utiliza un transformador de relación 10:1 para atenuar la señal; estas etapas fueron cambiadas por la entrada de la señal directamente del generador. Posteriormente se aplicó un puente de diodos para pasar el ciclo negativo a positivo, esta es la etapa de rectificación que se muestra en la figura 21. La 21. La última etapa consiste en un filtrado; por medio de un capacitor se obtiene una señal con rizado pequeño (menor a 0.8V), como se muestra en la figura 22 se 22 se obtuvo una señal con rizado de 400mV, la cual se considera como señal en DC Charles K. Alexander (2006 ( 2006). ). El convertidor funcionó dentro de los parámetros deseados.
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5 Resultados experimentales y analisis de resultados
Figura 23: Respuesta en frecuencia
5.2. 5.2.
Fuen uente de 5V
16
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5 Resultados experimentales y analisis de resultados
RRR = −20log
5.2.2. 5.2.2.
17
240 mV = 4 ,44dB 400mV
(17)
Regula Regulació ción n con con LM317 LM317
La señal obtenida al regular con el LM317 es moostrada en la figura 25. Para determinar la regulación de carga y la razón de rechazo de rizado, se obtuvieron los siguientes valores: V NL = 6,4V y V F L = 5,6V . Nuevamente la tensión bajó ligeramente al conectar la carga.
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5 Resultados experimentales y analisis de resultados
5.4.
18
Fuente uente de 6V 6V con regulad regulador or integr integrado ado
Para esta sección del laboratorio se continuo con el circuito diseñado anteriormente, se empleó un regulador lineal LM317 y como se observa a continuación, se obtuvo el mínimo de una señal regulada de 6V con un valor en la tensión de 1,6V el cual fue regulado por un potenciómetro de 5 k Ω, se tiene entonces que,
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5 Resultados experimentales y analisis de resultados
5.5.
19
Fuente uente de -7V con con regula regulador dor integr integrado ado
Al igual que en las demás secciones, se empleó la configuración encontrada en el diseño, donde por medio del potenciómetro se calcularon valores máximos, mínimos y el valor de -7V en la tensión. Tenemos que en un valor de 962Ω la 962Ω la salida en la tensión tiene el siguiente comportamiento:
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5 Resultados experimentales y analisis de resultados
5.6.
20
Fuente uente regula regulada da de de corrie corrient nte e
En esta sección del laboratorio se trabajó con el diseño de la figura 19, donde en la resistencia R1 se colocó un potenciómetro y se empezaron a variar sus valores dando como resultado un efecto de resistencia-tensión en la carga, el objetivo en esta sección es que se mantenga una corriente regulada para la carga aunque se modifique la tensión producto del valor resistivo en el potenciómetro Boylestad ( Boylestad (2003 2003). ). De esta sección se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados:
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5 Resultados experimentales y analisis de resultados
21
Y por último una muestra de los valores obtenidos de la tensión y resistencia de las tablas, en este caso se tiene una tensión de 12V.
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6 Conclusiones y Recomendaciones
22
6. Conclu Conclusion siones es y Recome Recomenda ndacio ciones nes Se puede lograr convertir una señal AC en una señal muy cercana a un DC, mediante un circuito conformado por un transformador, un puente de diodos y un capacitor. Este tipo de circuito es muy útil para diferentes aplicaciones. Existen diferentes reguladores integrados capaces de dar valores constantes de tensión, tanto negativos como
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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