ID Rancangan Model Pelatihan Sumber Daya Ma

 

[MEAMEBME FCNHI THIM^GLME QXFKH[ NMWM FMEXQGM KH[KMQGQ H-^[MGEGEB NMIMF [MEB@M GFTIHFHE^MQG IHM[EGEB C[BMEG_M^GCE (C[BMEGQMQG THFKHIMOM[) Qtung [hshmral men Nhvhicpfhet kmbg Thebhfkmebme Ihfkmbm Ng`imt ng T^. Nrgjh Qciusg Gethbrmsg

Quag Trmtgwg*=  Mkstrmat. ^lh purpcsh cj tlgs stuny wms tc memiyzh, pime, nhvhicp men thst m trmgegeb fcnhi kmshn ce hihatrcega trmgegeb (h-trmgegeb) ge T^ Nrgjh Qciusg Gethbrmsg. ^lgs stuny mnmptgeb rhshmral men nhvhicpfhet fhtlcn ky kcrb men bmii wgtl sgx sthps stmrt jrcf rhshmral men gejcrfmtgce aciihatgeb, pimeegeb, Nhvhicp Trhigfgemry cj Trcnuat, prhigfgemry jghin thstgeb,fmge prcnuat rhvgsgce uetgi fmge jghin thstgeb. [hsuits cj tlgs stuny gs m trmgegeb fcnhi kmshnce hihatrcega trmgegeb (h-trmgegeb) sugtmkih jcr stmrtup acfpmeghs. @hywcrns? rhshmral men nhvhicpfhet, trmgegeb,lufme rhscurah nhvhicpfhet, h-ihmregeb

THENMLXIXME Fmeusgm m`me thrus khimomr smfpmg m`lgr lmymteym. Khbgtu puim `mrymwme, ` mrymwme, wmimu tgnm` imbg fheomng shcrmeb sgswm ymeb fhfpueymg tubms nme tmebbueb omwmk shkmbmg

phimomr. @mrymwme nmimf sumtu phrusmlmme mtmu ihfkmbm fmsgl fhfpueymg tubms uetu` thrus fhebhfkmeb`me phebhtmlume nme `hfmfpume ymeb ngfgig`geym. Gtuiml fhebmpm kmeym` phrusmlmme mtmu ihfkmbm fhfkmebue ngvgsg ng`imt, `hpmeomebme nmrg phengng`me nme phimtglme. Xetu` fhfkmetu `mrymwme mbmr thrus fhebhfkmeb`me phebhtmlume nme `hfmfpume ymeb ngfgig`g mbmr khrbuem kmbg phebhfkmebme `mrgreym  oubm khrbuem uetu` fhfmou`me phrusmlmme nme ihfkmbm. Thengng`me crmeb nhwmsm (menrmbcby menrmbcby)) khrkhnm nhebme phengng`me mem` ‑  mem` ( pmhnmbcby  pmhnmbcby). Thengng`me mem` ‑  mem` khrimebsueb nmimf khetu` gnhetgjg`msg nme phegrume, shnmeb`me phengng`me crmeb nhwmsm khrimebsueb nmimf khetu` phebmrmlme ngrg shengrg uetu` fhfhaml`me fmsmiml. @ecwihs fhrgeb`ms hemf msufsg utmfm thetmeb phfkhimomrme crmeb nhwmsm ymeb fhrupm`me nmsmr phfkhimomrme crmeb nhwmsm, metmrm imge (=) @ceshp ngrg (shij(shijaceahpt), aceahpt ), (;) Thebmimfme (hxphrgheah), (1) @hsgmpme uetu` khimomr (rhmngehss tc ihmre), (>) Crghetmsg uetu` khimomr (crghetmtgce tc ihmre), (8) Fctgvmsg uetu` khimomr (fctgvmtgce tc ihmre), (:) @hkutulme uetu` fhebhtmlug (tlh (tlh ehhn tc `ecw). `ecw). @mrymwme shkmbmg crmeb nhwmsm nmpmt fhebmrml`me ngrg shengrg nmimf prcshs khimomr. Fheurut Armwjcrn fhehrmp`me fhtcnh menrmbcbg ymeb pmigeb kmg` mnmiml smmt fhrh`m nmpmt ngthrmp`me nmimf sgtumsg fmsymrm`mt nme genustrg/phrusmlmme ymeb fhenu`ueb phfkhimomrme fmengrg. T^. Nrgjh Qciusg Gethbrmsg fhrupm`me phrusmlmme rgetgsme (stmrtup ( stmrtup acfpmey) acfpmey) ymeb khr`hfkmeb nmimf kgnmeb th`ecicbg gejcrfmsg `lususeym phebhfkmebme whksgth nme ngbgtmi fmr`htgeb. fmr`htgeb. Fmsmiml ymeb shrgeb nglmnmpg cihl `mrymwme ymeb kh`hrom ng kgnmeb th`ecicbg gejcrfmsg mnmiml ahpmteym phr`hfkmebme th`ecicbg. Gtu khrmrtg `mrymwme ngtuetut uetu` thrus fhfphrkmlmrug phebhtmlume nme `hthrmfpgimeeym. Fm`m nmrg gtu ngkutul`me phemfkmlme ngvgsg ng`imt uetu` fhimymeg `hkutulme `mrymwme nmimf fhfkmebue nme fhfphrkmlmrug phebhtmlume nme `hthrmfpgimeeym. Tmnm phrusmlme rgetgsme (stmrtup (stmrtup acfpmey) acfpmey) ymeb kmru ngngrg`me nme khrmnm nmimf jmsh

* L[ Quphrvgscr T^. Nrgjh Qciusg Gethbrmsg =;1>

 

phebhfkmebme fm`m shbmim shsumtu lmrus khromime nhebme ahpmt. Khbgtu oubm nhebme amrm `mrymwme nmimf fhebhfkmeb`me phebhtmlume nme `hfmfpume ymeb ngfgig`geym lmrus ngim`u`me fmengrg nme khrsgjmt jih`sgkhi. Mnm ; fhtcnh phimtglme ymeb nmpmt ngbuem`me nmimf phimtglme ymgtu Ce-^lh-Ock ^rmgegeb Fhtlcns nme Cjj-^lh-Ock ^rmgegeb  Fhtlcns..  Fhtlcns Qhtgmp fhtcnh fhfpueymg `hihkglme nme `h`urmebme fmsgeb - fmsgeb. Fheurut Migpcur nmimf ouremieym ymeb khrounui M Qtuny cj ce tlh Ock ^rmgegeb Hjjhatgvhehss? Hfpgrgami Hvgnheah cj Grme. ^uoume nmrg shsg ce-tlh-ock trmgegeb mnmiml uetu` fhfkhrg`me `mrymwme phebhtmlume nme `hthrmfpgime tubms thrthetu ng wgimyml `hrom. Ce-^lh-Ock ^rmgegeb fheomng pcpuihr `mrhem ihkgl furml uetu` ngcphrmsg`me nhebme fhehfpmt`me `mrymwme ng sgtumsg `hrom nme fhfkumt `mrymwme `higlmtme imebsueb prcnu`tgj. @mrhem fhrh`m khimomr smfkgi fhfprm`th`meeym (ihmregeb (ihmregeb ky ncgeb). ncgeb). Fheurut Nhahezc nme [ckkges (;44;?;=2) fhtcnh Ce-^lh-Ock ^rmgegeb acac` ngmpig`msg`me pmnm phrusmlmme rgetgsme ymeb fhfkutul`me lmsgi ymeb ahpmt nhebme lmrbm ymeb thromeb`mu `mrhem ngim`u`me ngthfpmt `hrom. Emfue nmimf phehigtgme geg m`me fhfmnu`me Ce-^lh-Ock ^rmgegeb Fhtlcns nme Cjj-^lh-Ock ^rmgegeb Fhtlcns nhebme fhebbuem`me smiml smtu fhtcnh phfkhimomrme uetu` Cjj-^lh-Ock ^rmgegeb ymgtu Acfputhr Mssgsthn Gestruatgce. @cfputhr thiml fhrukml amrm crmeb ngthfpmt `hrom khimomr. Khimomr ihkgl fmengrg nme gengvgnumi. Fheurut Gvmeahvgal nme @cecpms`h (;4=1?>==) fhtcnh smom tgnm` au`up. Xetu` fhfkmebue trmgegeb ngkutul`me prgesgp phfkhimomrme ymeb nmpmt ngthrmp`me ng igeb`uebme igeb`uebm `hrom. @mrhem phimtglme mnmiml sumtu khetu` phengng`me, khkhrmpm thcrg khimomr nmpmtengthrmp`me uetu` phimtglme. Khrg`ut mnmiml rgeb`msme sgeb`mt nmrg prgesgp-prgesgp phfkhimomrme nmpmt ngthrmp`me uetu` phimtglme `hrom, metmrm imge (=) Thshrtm phimtglme lmrus thrfctgvmsg uetu` khimomr ( ^lh trmgehh fust kh fctgvmthn tc ihmre), ihmre ), (;) Thshrtm phimtglme lmrus fmfpu uetu` khimomr (^lh trmgehh fust kh mkih tc ihmre), (1) Thfkhimomrme lmrus ngphr`umt (^lh ihmregeb fust kh rhgejcrahn), (>) Thimtglme lmrus fheyhngm`me fmthrg uetu` prm`th` (^lh trmgegeb fust prcvgnh jcr prmatgah cj tlh fmthrgmi), (8) Fmthrg ymeb ngsmog`me lmrus khrfm`em (^lh fmthrgmi prhshethn fust kh fhmegebjui), (:) Fmthrg lmrus ng`cfueg`msg`me shamrm hjh`tgj (^lh fmthrgmi fust kh acffuegamthn hjjhatgvhiy), (2) Fmthrg ymeb ngmomr`me lmrus ngtrmesjhr `h ph`hromme (^lh fmthrgmi tmublt fust trmesjhrrhn tc tlh ock). Nmrg `htuoul prgesgp phfkhimomrme nme bmkuebme `hnum fhtcnh (Ce-^lh-Ock ( Ce-^lh-Ock ^rmgegeb Fhtlcns nme Cjj-^lh-Ock ^rmgegeb Fhtlcns) Fhtlcns) fm`m m`me ngkumt shkuml h-trmgegeb ymgtu sumtu phfkhimomrme hih`trceg` (h-ihmregeb (h-ihmregeb)) ngfmem `mrymwme nmpmt fhfphimomrg fmthrg ‑  fmthrg ymeb thiml ngshngm`me cihl pglm` L[N nme m`me ngmwmsg nme ngths imebsueb cihl fmsgeb ‑ fmsgeb `hpmim ngvgsg. H-trmgegeb fhrupm`me sgsthf phimtglme fmengrg khrkmsgs hihmregeb (hihatrcega ihmregeb) ihmregeb) ymeb emetgeym m`me fhfkumt `mrymwme thrfctgvmsg uetu` khimomr nhebme fhehrmp`me rhwmrn pmnm shtgmp fmthrg phfkhimomrme ymeb ngmfkgi cihl `mrymwme. Nhebme fmthrg phimtglme ymeb khrmsms`me `htuoul prgesgp ‑  prgesgp phfkhimomrme ymeb thiml ngpmpmr`me shkhiufeym. Nme pmnm phehigtgme geg m`me ngthigtg `hhjh`tgjme phimtglme fmengrg khrkmsgs h-ihmregeb thrlmnmp `gehrom `mrymwme T^. Nrgjh Qciusg Gethbrmsg nmrg phebhfkmebme h-trmgegeb ymeb m`me ngkumt.

=;18

 

Thebhfkmebme Qufkhr Nmym Fmeusgm Thebhfkmebme sufkhr nmym fmeusgm fheurut Rgisce (=777?1) mnmiml bhimr ymeb fhrhprhshetmsg`me tmlmp hvciusg thrkmru nmimf trmngsg pmeomeb phimtglme, fhengng` nme fhebhfkmeb`me crmeb ‑  crmeb uetu` tuoume fhfkhrg`me `cetrgkusg thrlmnmp pheampmgme tuoume gengvgnu, crbmegsmsg nme fmsymrm`mt. Thebhfkmebme sufkhr nmym fmeusgm fheurut Rhrehr nme NhQgfceh (;4=;?>) mnmiml smtu sht `hbgmtme sgsthfmtgs nme thrheamem ymeb ngrmeameb cihl sumtu crbmegsmsg uetu` fhfkhrg`me mebbctmeym nhebme `hshfpmtme uetu` khimomr `hthrmfpgime ymeb ngphriu`me uetu` fhfheulg tuetutme ph`hromme smmt geg nme fmsm nhpme. Fheurut Bgkk (;44:?;) phebhfkmebme sufkhr nmym fmeusgm shkmbmg sumtu prcshs mnmiml ihkgl nmrg pheyhngm `ursus phimtglme ng thfpmt `hrom. Fheurut Oce Thebhfkmebme sufkhr nmym fmeusgm fhigkmt`me shrmeb`mgme prcshs fuimg nmrg phebmfmtme, phrheamemme, m`sg nme fhegeomu uetu` fhebhicim `mpmsgtms `cbegtgj, `hfmfpume nme phrgim`u ymeb ngphriu`me uetu` fhebm`tgj`me nme fhegeb`mt`me gengvgnu, tgf nme `gehrom crbmegsmsg nmimf kh`hrom. Fheurut Qwmesce nme Lcitce (;44=?>) phebhfkmebme sufkhr nmym fmeusgm oubm fhrupm`me prcshs uetu` fhebhfkmeb`me nme fhfphrimeamr `hmligme fmeusgm fhimiug phebhfkmebme crbmegsmsg nme phimtglme phrscegi nme phebhfkmebme uetu` tuoume fhfphrkmg`g `gehrom. Thebhfkmebme sufkhr nmym fmeusgm fheurut Iutlmes (;4==?>:>) `hthrmfpgime phebhfkmebme sufkhr nmym fmeusgm fhrupm`me `hthrmfpgime ymeb

lmrus ngfgig`g sufkhr shtgmp nmym phfgfpge phfgfpge fhfpueymg. juebsg ymgtu fhebhfkme`me fmeusgm`mrhem ymeb mnm nmimf crbmegsmsmgeym. crbmegsmsmgeym @hthrmfpgime ymeb ngfgig`g ymgtu `hthrmfpgime fhebhfkmeb`me g`igf khimomr, fhrmeameb nme fhim`smem`me prcbrmf phimtglme, trmesfgsg gejcrfmsg nme phebmimfme, fhegimg lmsgi, fhfkhrg`me `ceshigeb `mrgr, fheagptm`me phrukmlme crbmegsmsg nme fhebmnmptmsg kmlme phfkhimomrme. Nmrg nhjgegsg `ceshp ng mtms nmpmt ngsgfpui`me kmlwm phebhfkmebme sufkhr nmym fmeusgm mtmu Lufme [hscurah Nhvhicpfhet (L[N) fhrupm`me kmbgme nmrg fmemohfhe sufkhr nmym fmeusgm mtmu Lufme [hscurah Fmembhfhet (L[F). L[N ihkgl khrjc`us pmnm pheyhihebbmrmme phimtglme ymeb m`me fheblmsgi`me phrukmlme phrgim`u pmnm shtgmp gengvgnu ymeb mnm nmimf igeb`up crbmegsmsg. Nmrg nhjgegsg `ceshp nmpmt ngsgethsgs`me kmlwm phebhfkmebme sufkhr nmym fmeusgm mnmiml smtu sht `hbgmtme sgsthfmtgs nme thrheamem ymeb ngrmeameb cihl sumtu crbmegsmsg nmimf wm`tu thrthetu ymeb khrtuoume uetu` fhebukml phrgim`u, fhfkhrg`me mebbctmeym nhebme `hshfpmtme uetu` khimomr `hthrmfpgime ymeb ngphriu`me uetu` fhfheulg tuetutme ph`hromme smmt geg nme fmsm nhpme, fhebhfkmeb`me crmeb ‑  crmeb uetu` tuoume fhfkhrg`me `cetrgkusg thrlmnmp pheampmgme tuoume gengvgnu, crbmegsmsg nme fmsymrm`mt nmimf khetu` phimtglme nme phebhfkmebme. Ihmregeb Crbmegzmtgce Khimomr mnmiml phrukmlme ymeb rhimtgj phrfmehe nmimf phrgim`u (mtmu `hahenhruebme phrgim`u) ymeb thromng shkmbmg m`gkmt nmrg gethrm`sg shshcrmeb nhebme igeb`uebme. Thfkhimomrme thromng `htg`m phimomr khrphrgim`u khrkhnm. Qhebh, shcrmeb prcjhsscr nmrg Fmssmalushtts Gestgtuth cj ^halecicby fhfpcpuihr`me gstgiml ihmregeb crbmegzmtgce ngku`ueym ymeb khrounui ^lh Jgjtl Ngsagpigeh ^lh Mrt men Trmatgah cj ^lh Ihmregeb Crbmegzmtgce. Qhebh (=77;?=>) fhenhjgegsg`me kmlwm ihmregeb crbmegzmtgce mnmiml shkuml crbmegsmsg ymeb thrus khr`hfkmeb `mpmsgtmseym uetu` fheagptm`me fmsm nhpme. Qhebh fhemfkml`me kmlwm crbmegsmsg shfmamf gtu tgnm` au`up lmeym uetu` khrtmlme lgnup ’survgvmi ihmregeb‖ mtmu ymeb shrgeb ngshkut ’mnmptgvh ihmregeb‖. ihmregeb‖. =;1:

 

’mnmptgvh ihmregeb‖ fhfmeb phriu nme phetgeb tmpg uetu` crbmegsmsg khimomr ’mnmptgv ’mnmptgvhh ihmregeb‖ lmrus khrbmkueb nhebme ’bhehrmtgvh ’bhehrmtgvh   ihmregeb‖ ymgtu khimomr fhegeb`mt`me `mpmsgtms uetu` fheagptm`me shsumtu. Nhjgegsg thrshkut ngphriums nhebme fhenhs`rgpsg`me kmlwm ihmregeb crbmegzmtgce shphrtg ’sh`hicfpc` crmeb ymeb kh`hrom smfm uetu` khrsmfm fhegeb`mt`me `mpmsgtms fhrh`m uetu` fheblmsgi`me shsumtu ymeb fhrh`m phnuig`me‖.Gethrprhtmsg prm`tgs prm`tgs nmrg gnh ng mtms fheblmsgi`me nhjgegsg nmrg  nmrg   ihmregeb crbmegzmtgce. crbmegzmtgce. Fheurut @rhgtehr nme @gega`g (;44=?:2:-:22) Ihmregeb crbmegzmtgce mnmiml Ceh tlmt prcmatgvhiy arhmths, maqugrhs, men trmesjhrs `ecwihnbh men tlmt almebhs gts Khlmvgcr ce tlh kmsgs cj ehw `ecwihnbh men gesgblt. gesgblt. Fheurut Ncbsce nmimf Xenhrstmengeb men Fmembgeb Crbmegzmtgcemi Khlmvgcr :tl Hngtgce (;4=;?>88) ihkgl fhfjc`us`me ngfmem crmeb ‑ crmeb khrkm`mt ngshngm`me nhebme phiumeb phrtufkulme ymeb fhfkumt fhrh`m khimomr nme ymeb nmpmt fhfkmetu phrh`rutme shrtm rhthesg. Nmrg sh`hicfpc` nhs`rgpsg `ceshp mtms nmpmt ngsgethsgs`me kmlwm ihmregeb crbmegzmtgce fhrupm`me crmebngymeb thrbmkueb nmimf crbmegsmsg ymeb kh`hromsmfm uetu` fheblmsgi`me shsumtu ymeb fhrh`m phnuig`me nme fheyhfpurem`me `hfmfpume uetu` su`shs ng fmsm fhenmtmeb. Nhebme fhfphrlmtg`me 1 `cfpcehe ihmregeb crbmegzmtgce ymgtu gnh kmru ymeb fhrupm`me prmsymrmt uetu` khimomr, phebhtmlume kmru lmrus ngtrmesjhr ngshiurul crbmegsmsg nme phrgim`u lmrus khrukml shkmbmg lmsgi nmrg phebhtmlume kmru. Thimtglme Fheurut Brhhekhrb (;4=4?==:) phimtglme mnmiml sumtu prcshs ngfmem crmeb ‑  crmeb shamrm sgsthfmtgs fhfphrcihl nme fhegeb`mt`me `hthrmfpgime nme `hfmfpume ymeb ngkutul`me uetu` fhegeb`mt`me `gehrom fhrh`m. Fheurut Nhahezc nme [ckkges (;4=;?;=8) phimtglme ihkgl khrcrghetmsg fmsm `geg, jc`useym mnmiml pmnm ph`hromme gengvgnu smmt geg, `hthrmfpgime nme `hfmfpume `lusus uetu` shbhrm fhim`u`me

ph`hromme fhrh`m.Fheurut Nhssihr (;4==?;7;) phimtglme khrmrtg fhfkhrg`me `mrymwme kmru fmupue `mrymwme imfm `hthrmfpgime ymeb fhrh`m kutul`me uetu` fhim`u`me ph`hromme fhrh`m. Fheurut Rgiigmfs (;448?>) ngrhvgsg‖,  (>) Xog ackm `hicfpc` `hagi , khrnmsmr`me lmsgi phrlgtuebme ngphrcihl prhshetmsh :=%. Og`m ng`cevhrsg`me `hnmimf `rgthrgm `himym`me khrmnm pmnm tgeb`mt ’Au`up Imym`, Thriu ngrhvgsg‖, ngrhvgs g‖, (8) Xog ackm `hicfpc` khsmr, khsmr, khrnmsmr`me lmsgi phrlgtuebme ngphrcihl prhshetmsh 2:%. Og`m ng`cevhrsg`me `hnmimf `rgthrgm `himym`me khrmnm pmnm tgeb`mt ’Imym`, ^gnm` ngrhvgsg‖  ngrhvgsg‖ 

THEX^XT h-trmgegeb.. Fcnhi phimtglme khrkmsgs @hsgfpuime? (=) Memigsgs fcnhi phimtglme khrkmsgs h-trmgegeb H-^rmgegeb ymeb ng`hfkmeb`me nmimf phehigtgme geg fhrupm`me lmsgi memigsgs `hkutulme fhebmau pmnm phfhtmme sufkhr nmym fmeusgm ymeb ngim`u`me ng T^. Nrgjh Qciusg Gethbrmsg ngfmem prcyh` ‑  prcyh` ymeb lmrus ng`hrom`me `mrymwme fheuetut `mrymwme fhfgig`g `hfmfpume (s`gii (s`gii)) ymeb shsumg nhebme prcyh` nme ng`hrom`me. Xetu` nmpmt fhebhfkmeb`me phebhtmlume nme `hfmfpumeeym nhebme ahpmt ngkutul`me sgsthf phimtglme ymeb jih`sgkhi tmepm fhebbmebbu omf `hrom nme nmpmt

ngim`smem`me `mpme smom nme ngfmem. Lmsgi smom emfue tuoume thtmp thrampmg, (;) Thrheamemme fcnhi phimtglme khrkmsgs memigsgs `hfungme ng`hfkmeb`me fheomng h-trmgegeb. h-trmgegeb phrmeamebme fcnhi phimtglme. Thrmeamebme ngim`u`me uetu` fhebbmfkmr`me `hshiurulme sgsthf whksgth h-trmgegeb ymeb m`me ngkmebue kmg` nmrg shbg juebsg, shbg tmfpgime fmupue `cethe mtmu gsg whksgth h-trmgegeb. Tmnm tmlmp geg phehigtg thiml fhfkumt bmfkmrme gethrm`sg metmrm phebbuem nhebme `cfpcehe ymeb mnm ng whksgth h-trmgegeb uetu` fhfphrohims stru`tur emvgbmsg pmnm whksgth h-trmgegeb h-trmgegeb,, (1) Thebhfkmebme fcnhi phimtglme khrkmsgs h-trmgegeb h-trmgegeb.. @ceshp ymeb thiml ngkumt pmnm tmlmp memigsgs nme phrmeamebme fcnhi ymeb thiml ngbmfkmr`me `hfungme ngh`sh`usg uetu` ng`hfkmeb`me fheomng smtu pm`ht phfkhimomrme khrkmsgs whksgth. Bmfkmrme gethrm`sg metmrm phebbuem nhebme `cfpcehe ymeb mnm ng whksgth h-trmgegeb ymeb thiml ngim`u`me pmnm tmlmp phrmeamebme `hfungme ng`hfkmeb`me fheomng nhsmge metmrfu`m phebbuem (ushr (ushr gethrjmah), gethrjmah), imiu fhfkmebue nmtmkmsh shkmbmg thfpmt pheygfpmeme nmtm nme fhim`u`me `cngeb mbmr nhsmge metmrfu`m phebbuem nmpmt khrjuebsg nme fhim`u`me emvgbmsg, (>) Gfpihfhetmsg fcnhi phimtglme khrkmsgs h-trmgegeb h-trmgegeb.. Rhksgth htrmgegeb ymeb thiml ng`hfkmeb`me sgmp uetu` ngnhfc`me. ^mlmp gfpihfhetmsg ymeb ngim`u`me pmnm phehigtgme geg ymgtu uog ackm thrlmnmp tgbm mlig ymgtu mlig Fmemohfhe, mlig ^h`ecicbg Gejcrfmsg nme mlig ^h`ecicbg Thengng`me uetu` fhegimg mpm`ml whksgth h-trmgegeb sunml shsumg nmrg shbg tmfpgime, juebsg nme `hshsumge metmrm fmthrg trmgegeb nme sgsthf ymeb mnm ng nmimf whksgth. Tmnm tmlmp geg phehigtg fhfkmbg`me meb`ht uetu` fhebhtmlug `h`urmebme fcnhi. @hfungme whksgth htrmgegeb ymeb thiml thiml ngshfpurem`me lmsgi nmrg smrme nme tmebbmpme mlig, whksgth htrmgegeb imiu ng uogackm`me `hpmnm num `hicfpc`. Thrtmfm fhebu fhebuogackm ogackm pmnm `hicfpc` `hagi ymeb thrngrg nmrg tgbm `mrymwme whk nhvhicphr nhebme tgeb`mt ihvhi ymeb khrkhnm. @hfungme pheyhfpuremme nmrg lmsgi uog ackm `hicfpc` `hagi ng uog ackm `hfkmig pmnm `hicfpc` khsmr ymeb thrngrg nmrg Qhfkgime `mrymwme whk nhvhicphr , (8) Hvmiumsg fcnhi phimtglme khrkmsgs h-trmgegeb h-trmgegeb.. Fcnhi phimtglme khrkmsg H-^rmgegeb thiml fhihwmtg uog hfpgrg` nme nmrg lmsgi uog ackm nmpmt ngsgfpui`me kmlwm fcnhi phimtglme khrkmsg H-

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^rmgegeb imym` uetu` ngbuem`me shkmbmg smrmem phebhfkmebme phebhtmlume nme `hthrmfpgime sufkhr nmym fmeusgm. [h`cfhenmsg? (=) Kmbg pglm` phebmfkgi `hfputusme ng T^. Nrgjh Qciusg Gethbrmsg phehigtg fheymrme`me mbmr `hbgmtme h-trmgegeb nmpmt ngfmsu`me `hnmimf mbhenm `hrom phrusmlmme nmimf rmeb`m fhebhfkmeb`me sufkhr nmym fmeusgm. Fhebgebmt kgsegs getg (acrh (acrh kusgehss) kusgehss) ngkgnmeb th`ecicbg gejcrfmsg fm`m phebhfkmebme `mrymwme phriu ngim`u`me shamrm khr`himeoutme fhiglmt phr`hfkmebme th`ecicbg gejcrfmsg ymeb thrus khr`hfkmeb, (;) [h`cfhenmsg kmbg phehigtg shimeouteym, phehigtgme phebhfkmebme geg fmsgl fhfgig`g kmeym` `hthrkmtmsme nme phriu phehigtgme ihkgl imeout uetu` fhebhfkmeb`meeym.. Xetu` gtu phehigtg fhfkhrg`me rh`cfhenmg mbmr fcnhi phimtglme fhebhfkmeb`meeym khrkmsgs h-trmgegeb nmpmt ng`hfkmeb`me nmrg shbg th`ecicbg fmupue nmrg shbg `cethe phfkhimomrme.

NMJ^M[ [XOX@ME Mrfstrceb, Fgalmhi. Mrfstrce Fgalmhi.  Mrfstrceb‗s b‗s Lmenkcc` cj Lufme [hscurah Fmembhfhet [hscurah Fmembhfhet Trmatgah ==tl Hngtgce. Icence ? @cbme Tmbh, ;447.

Mrfstrceb, Fgalmhi. Qtrmthbga Lufme [hscurah Fmembhfhe m Bugnh tc Matgce >tl Hngtgce. Hngtgce . Brhmt Krgtmge? @cbme Tmbh, ;44;

 

 Ocuremi Qagheah men Hebgehhrgeb [hshmral Quppcrt Qcaghty. lttp?//www.shrsa.crb/ lttp?//www.shrsa.crb/ (ngm`shs : Qhpthfkhr ;4=>). @rhgtehr, [ckhrt, Mebhic @gega`g. Crbmegzmtgcemi Khlmvgcur 8tl Hngtgce. Hngtgce. Ehw Wcr`? FaBrmw Lgii Acfpmeghs,Gea., ;44=. Iutlmes, Jrhn. Crbmegzmtgcemi Khlmvgcr Me Hvgnheah-Kmshn Mpprcmal. Mpprcmal. Ehw Wcr`? FaBrmw Lgii Acfpmeghs, Gea., ;4==. Tyehs, Ocme H. Lufme [hscurah Fmembhfhet jcr Tukiga men Eceprcjgt Crbmegzmtgces ? m Qtrmthbga Mpprcmal. Mpprcmal. Qme Jrmeagsac? Ocle Rgihy & Qces, Gea., ;447. Qhebh, Ththr. ^lh Jgjtl Ngsagpigeh ^lh Mrt men Trmatgah cj ^lh Ihmregeb Crbmegzmtgce. Brhmt Krgtmge? Ncukihnmy Nhii Tukigslgeb Brcup, Gea, =77;. Qehii, Qactt, Bhcrbh Kclimenhr. Lufme [hscurah Fmembhfhet. Clgc? ^lcfsce Ihmregeb, ;442. Qwmesce, [galmrn M., Hiwccn J. Lcitce GGG. Jcuenmtgce cj Lufme [hscurah Nhvhicpfhet. Nhvhicpfhet. Qme Jrmeagsac? Kmrrht-@chlihr Tukigslhr, ;44=. ^crrgebtce, Nhrh` ht mi. Lufme [hscurah Fmembhfhet :tl Hngtgce. Hngtgce. Hebimen? Thmrsce Hnuamtgce, ;448). Rhrehr, Oce F., [meny I. NhQgfceh. Lufme [hscurah Nhvhicpfhet :tl Hngtgce. Hngtgce. Amemnm? Ahebmbh Ihmregeb, ;4=;. Rgiigmfs, Alua`. Fmembhf Alua`. Fmembhfhet. het. Qcutl-Rhsthre? ^lcfsce Acrpcrmtgce, ;448. Rgisce, Ocle T. Lufme [hscurah Nhvhicpfhet ;en hngtgce. hngtgce . Icence? @cbme Tmbh Igfgthn, =777.

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