IB - Electricity and Magnetism

5.1 Electrical Charge 16 August 2009

13:59

It means that there is a basic quantity below which the object cannot exist. The easiest example is the atom. If you have a lump of aluminum, You can try and divide it forever. However, there will come a time when you cannot divide it any further, because you are left with only one atom. If you succeed in slitting an atom of aluminum, it is no longer aluminum. The atom is the quantum of elementary matter. Electromagnetic energy (for example light) comes in little packets called photons. Each photon carries the minimum amount of energy that light (at that wavelength) can have. You cannot divide this energy by dividing the photon itself. Imagine a universe with only one hydrogen atom (one proton with an electron orbiting it). The electron can absorb energy from passing photons, by jumping to higher energy orbits. However, orbits are "quantized". Either the electron receives enough energy to jump to the next level, or it does not go at all. It cannot go half-way between orbits. Let's pretend that the next orbit available has an energy 1 eV higher (the electron-volt is a unit of energy for very small interactions). And the next higher one is 1.8 eV. Along comes a photon with 1.6 eV. The electron will ignore it. Because there is no orbit available at 1.6 (and the electron cannot "make change"). If the orbital energy levels were not "quantized", the electron could take the energy of the photon and simply create a new orbit at 1.6 eV from its old one. The more we look at how the universe works (at the very small level), the more it looks like ALL quantities are "quantized": they all have minimum values that can not be divided any more. Pasted from

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24 January 2010

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15 January 2010

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13 January 2010

11:42

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21 January 2010

19:18

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5.3 Electric field and electric potential 16 August 2009

14:01

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Electric Potential 23 February 2010

14:48

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HIGHER LEVEL 24 January 2010

15:58

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5.4 Electric current and electric resistance 16 August 2009

14:01

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20 January 2010

09:49

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5.5 Electric circuits 16 August 2009

14:01

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Starter Question 05 February 2010

10:23

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21 February 2010

03:06

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Resistors in Series -PRACTICAL 30 January 2010

11:26

Resistors in Series Two resistors A and B

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23 January 2010

14:26

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5.6 Magnetic Fields 20 October 2009

14:31

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22 February 2010

10:25

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5.8 Alternating Current 20 October 2009

14:36

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23 March 2010

14:46

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Transformers 19 March 2010

14:50

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24 February 2010

10:10

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Notes

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26 February 2010

10:31

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12 April 2011

11:20

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