i2bGREEN September 2009

Why We Print “Inspired to be GREEN”

Free Publication September 2009

We asked ourselves, should we publish “Inspired to be GREEN” as a paper magazine or should we just send it out as an email? Wouldn’t it make sense to send it digitally with zero emissions? We would avoid deforestation by not printing and then prevent further pollution caused by the distribution. Then again, you can make a much bigger difference by reading, learning and implementing green in your buildings and in your life...

a bigger difference: We are living in a time where everyone is busy and time is the most valuable good. To read information from paper is better for your eyes and you can take our magazine wherever you like. Whenever you get a free minute, pull it out, and get to know the latest & greatest green news and a whole lot of information that would help you in the design & construction of green buildings.

to read it too. “Inspired to be GREEN” will make you think of a healthier planet and a greener future. If you take just one action to be greener, make greener products, use renewable materials or invest in green technology then you can easily offset 10, 100 or 1000 times the emissions caused by printing this magazine. After you read the magazine you can give it for paper recycling or you get very creative and make something useful out of it. We hope that you love our magazine and collect the issues or hand it over to other people, to share the knowledge. We put all our passion for green and our love for mother earth in creating this magazine, and we hope you will enjoy reading it.

inspired to be

Take the first action and just read it, and then tell others

for those inspired by green, written by the experts in green

Here are the reasons why we think printing would make

inspired

Glass in Green Architecture 4

to be

GREEN contents

Glass is one of the most important construction materials in modern architecture, and it is a vital part of green buildings. Discover more about this great material and how to use it best.

Green Factories 8 An in depth look at the newly launched IGBC green factories rating system. Information about the rating system, registrastion, fee, certification and benefits and why it is important for all new factories in India to go green.

Green with GRIHA 14 The Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment, devised by the Energy and Resources Institute is an excellent benchmark for International green buildings.

Energy Simulation & Energy Efficiency Measures 20 Explore the capabilities and benefits of computer simulation and energy modelling of buildings. See how this tool can assist architects, service consultants and the project team to make the best decisions in terms of design, systems and material selection for a green building. See the various energy efficiency measures and how they can be validated for a hypothetical building, using eQuest simulation software.

Design and Development Green Architect of the Month 42

A short journey into the endeavours, philosophy and key people behind Design and Development. One of the leading architectural firms in the country, who are involved in land mark green projects like the Wipro Campus, Greater Noida, Green Boulevard and IHDP Business Park.

Facade Integration of Photovoltaic Modules 48 A brief introduction about the photovoltaic modules which enhances the facade’s functionality and energy consumption, providing information about its design aspects and the possibility of its integration to the building facade.



More about:

LED Lighting, Water Saving Fixtures, CO2 Emissions, Clean Development Mechanism, Kyoto Protocol, Green Roofs, LEED Accredited Professionals, Hemp as Building Material, Chilled Beams...

LEED Accredited Professionals Their role in a green building project, benefits of having one on the team and how to become one yourself… Who is a LEED AP and what is his role?

The examination is not based on any specific rating system. It is designed to test the knowledge of a candidate on green building design and construction. Qualified individuals can be involved in projects registered under the 'IGBC rating programmes' like IGBC Green Homes, IGBC Factory buildings, IGBC Existing Buildings etc., Projects would achieve one credit point under 'Innovation and Design' category if an IGBC AP is part of the project team.

A LEED Accredited Professional is an individual who has shown adequate knowledge and experience in the field of green building and LEED certification of projects, by passing the LEED AP examination administered by the Green Building Certification Institute.

Examination Administration:

Candidates need to register with the Indian Green Building Council through the IGBC website www.igbc.in. On receipt of the examination fee, the examination date and venue will be intimated via email. Results will be reported to the candidate immediately on completion of the exam. Successful candidates will be awarded the ‘IGBC Accredited Professional’ certificate and will be listed on the IGBC web site. Unsuccessful candidates can schedule to retake the exam by repeating the registration process.

The LEED AP is a pivotal person in the green building design and construction and leads the effort to meet the criteria and credits listed by the LEED rating system. The LEED AP also helps the team coordinate and complete the documents and calculations required to meet the requirements of each credit in the format prescribed in the LEED reference manual. He forms the link between project team and USGBC to clarify any project specific questions.

Examination Eligibility:

All students/ professionals of the building industry are eligible to appear for this examination.

Examination Fee:

The greatest benefit, of course, is a more streamlined and hassle free certification process and a go to person for any questions that usually arise.

Students: Rs 3000/- , Professionals (IGBC Members): Rs 5000/- , Professionals (Non Members): Rs 7000/-

Location and Frequency of Examination:

The New LEED AP Exam: The Green Building Certification Institute has launched a new exam and credentialing program. It has become a 2 step process to become a LEED AP+ and is explained in great detail.

The examination is offered online, computer based, twice a month at Merit Trac examination centers in the following cities: Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Mumbai. In the following cities, period of exam is once a month and the centers are subject to availability. Pune, Ahmedabad, Cochin, Coimbatore, Lucknow.

GBCI has now introduced 3 levels of Accredited Professionals. Level I – LEED Green Associate Level II – LEED Accredited Professional with specialty Level II – LEED Fellow

TM

TM

TM

TM TM

The ‘Indian Green Building Council™ Accredited Professional Examination’ (IGBC™ AP) offered by the IGBC is a credential for professionals to participate in green building projects. Introduction:

The LEED AP credential signifies an extraordinary depth of knowledge in green building practices and specialization in a particular field.

1. 2. 3.

The Indian Green Building Council™ Accredited Professional Examination

3

TM

Examination Structure & Content:

Suggested Material for Reading:

The examination has three sections: • Section I: Green Building Design & Construction • Section II: Building Standards & Codes • Section III: IGBC Resources and Processes • Section IV: Green Design Strategies & Impacts

• IGBC Homes Detailed Reference Guide • IGBC Factory Building Rating Abridged reference guide • Reference Standards such as NBC guidelines, ECBC, ASHRAE 90.1, ASHRAE 62.1, etc., • Background material of green building training programme conducted by IGBC • LEED India NC detailed reference guide • LEED India CS detailed reference guide

The exam would consist of 110 questions in multiple-choice format, with each question carrying one mark. To be successful, the candidates will have to score a minimum of 85 marks.

5

7

Green Factories... the requirement for any new industry in India We are all well aware that industry forms the backbone of our Indian economy. Watching so many movies about global warming and climate change, one is almost led to believe that industrial development is the culprit and should be curtailed. How can sustainable development be possible when our economy is growing at such a fast pace and the local and international demands are so high?

Green Factories in India: Why is this so important? Factory related pollution is the number one source of pollution in the World. Factory pollution accounts for more than half the volume of all water pollution, as well as for the most deadly of pollutants. Most of the manufacturing factories consume vast quantities of fresh water to carry away wastes of several different types. This waste water from industrial factories is discharged into lakes, oceans and streams, which eventually disperse the polluting effluent substances. Construction related factory discharge includes gypsum, metals, cement, abrasives and poisonous solvents which pollute air and water and the negative effects are seen in cities all over the world. Power plants cause thermal pollution when they increase water temperatures. These increases of temperature affect the amounts of oxygen that are suspended in a volume of water. Changing the oxygen level of water disrupts the ecological balance of a body of water. This can kill animals and plant species, at the same time it encourages the overgrowth of other plant and animal species. Factory pollution includes carbon monoxide, which is mainly produced in combustion processes. Though most carbon monoxide pollution comes from motorized vehicles, there are also many combustion driven power plants still in operation today.

The answer is Green Factories. When designed, constructed and managed in an environmentally sensitive manner, these factories can reduce the negative impact on the environment. Here are some facts about industries that should make you realize that we are currently developing in an unsustainable manner and change and improvement is our only option.

IGBC Green Factories Rating System

With the advancement of the green building movement in India, many companies have evinced keen interest in having a holistic green design and construction framework for new factory buildings. IGBC, in its endeavor to extend green building concepts to all building types has developed the IGBC Green Factory Building rating system. IGBC Green Factory Building rating system is the first of its kind addressing sustainability in industrial buildings. The programme is fundamentally designed to address national priorities and quality of life for factory workmen. IGBC Green Factory Building Rating System is a voluntary and consensus based programme. The rating system has been developed based on the contemporary materials and technologies. It would facilitate the development of green factories. The rating system evaluates certain credit points using a prescriptive approach and other credits on a performance based approach. IGBC green factories have evolved so as to be comprehensive and at the same time user-friendly. The pilot version of the rating system has been launched on 10th July 2009. Project teams interested in IGBC Green Factory Building Certification for their projects must register with IGBC. Benefits of Green Factory Buildings include energy savings from 30 – 40 %, water savings around 20 – 30%, enhanced indoor air quality, good day-lighting and hence increased productivity, health, wellbeing and safety of the work force, reduced dependency on virgin materials and reduced use of fossil fuels. IGBC Green Factory Building rating addresses green features under the following categories: • • • • •

Site Selection and Planning Water Conservation Energy Conservation Material Conservation Indoor Environment Quality and Occupational Health • Innovation & Design Process

Factory pollution includes chlorofluorocarbons, which have been shown to destroy the ozone layer. Hydrocarbon gases and nitrogen oxides are frequently emitted by industrial factories. Sulfur oxides cause acid rain and come from the burning of fuel that contains sulfur. Sulfur oxides are mostly produced at power plants or even combustion-driven power plants. Other types of pollutants that are known products of factory waste include volatile organic compounds like solvents, gasoline, petroleum products and cleaning solutions.

9

Points Weightage for IGBC Green Factories

Modine Thermal Systems Pvt. Ltd. - Factory, Architect CRN Associates, Chennai.

A Step by Step Guide, To Getting your Factory Certified Registration Project teams interested in IGBC Green Factory Building Registration Fee Certification for their project must first register with IGBC. Registration is the initial step which helps establish IGBC Members Rs. 90,000 contact with IGBC and provides access to the required Non-Members Rs. 95,000 documents, templates, important communications and other necessary information. To register your project visit their IGBC Green Factory Building registration page. Once the project is registered, the project team can start preparing for documentation & calculations to satisfy mandatory requirements and credit submittal requirements.

Certification Once a project has registered under the IGBC Green Factories Rating System, the project design must ensure that the requirements of the rating system are met. The project team will be expected to provide supporting documents for each stage of submission for all the mandatory requirements and the credits attempted. Supporting documents are those which provide specific proof of meeting the required performance level - such as specifications, drawings (in pdf/ jpeg format only), cutsheets, manufacturers literature, purchase invoices and other documents.

Emergent Ventures India

Emergent Ventures India is a leading advisory firm, delivering solutions and services for climate change mitigation. EVI works as a strategic partner with clients to develop, implement and execute profitable business models that enhance renewable energy, clean technologies and promote sustainable development.

Carbon

Strategy

Certification Fee Less than 5,000 sqm

5,001 to 50,000 sqm

Above 50,001 sqm

Fixed Rate

Based on sqm

Fixed Rate

Founding members

Rs.2,25,000

Rs.4,65,000

Annual Members

Rs.2,60,000

Rs.2,25,000 plus Rs.5.30 per additional sqm over and above 5,001 sqm Rs.2,60,000 plus Rs.5.30 per additional sqm over and above 5,001 sqm Rs.2,70,000 plus Rs.5.30 per additional sqm over and above 5,001 sqm

Non-Members

Rs.2,70,000

Rs.5,00,000

Carbon Advisory Business • 29 CDM projects registered 200+

Rs.5,10,000

Certification Level

Certification Level

Achieved Points

The various levels of rating awarded are:

Certified

26 - 31

Silver

32 - 37

Gold

38 - 47

Platinum

48 - 64

•‘Certified’ to recognize best practices •‘Silver’ to recognize outstanding performance •‘Gold’ to recognize national excellence •‘Platinum’ to recognize global leadership

Finance & Technology

Source of Information : www.igbc.in

• Clean Development Mechanism / Verified Emission Reductions Feasibility • CDM Due Diligence/ Execution • CER Generation, Carbon Asset Management • Carbon Trading & Brokerage • Policy Research & Advisory • Climate Change Strategy • Carbon Footprinting • Carbon Neutrality Services • Equity/Investor Financing of Projects • Engineering, Procurement & Construction Services • Overall Project Development, Construction & Management Services • Master Integrator Climate Value Advisory

• Provide strategic advisory projects in the pipeline. services to infrastructure, steel, • Managing a portfolio of 140+ mn pharma, IT, hospitality and CERs and 25+mn VERs. financial sectors including GHG • Projects across all technologies abatement plans, city lighting and including renewable energy (wind, green power sourcing. hydro, biomass, solar), energy • Worked with over 4 national efficiency, HFC & N2 O destruction, ministries to conduct surveys for forestation, transportation. renewable energy, forestry and • Facilitated the first ever credit transportation. period renewal of a CDM project in the • Technical expertise in wind, world. hydro, biomass, solar, energy efficiency & waste projects.

Carbon Finance & Technology • 50MW wind, 30MW biomass, 6MW waste to power projects under development. • 12 biomass power generation licenses acquired. • 80MW license acquisition in progress. • Projects in India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Africa. • Expertise in implementing, operating and managing projects.

Corporate Office : Emergent Ventures India Pvt Ltd Plot # 19, Sector 33, Gurgaon-122001, Haryana, India Ph: + 91 124 4353100 Email: [email protected] ; Web: www.emergent-ventures.com

Kyoto Protocol and Global Warming Global climate change we are living in midst of constantly changing climatic conditions, largely a result of human interference,and it allowed to continue can cause irreparable damage to flora, fauna and human life. The rise in the average temperature near the earth's surface, by the use of fossil fuels such as coal, industrial and agricultural processes is scientifically termed as global warming. Warming tends to change climatic patterns across the globe resulting in the notorious problem of global climate change. Global Climate Change as the term suggests is a global issue and is not restricted to the activities of particular individual, community, zone, region, state or country.

These mechanisms allow such countries to reduce their emissions by funding/implementing project activities that reduce the GHG emissions in other countries. The rationale behind having such flexible mechanisms is that climate change is a global phenomenon and carbon dioxide reduced at one place will have a net positive impact in GHG reductions across the globe.

Emission Trading is an allowance based transaction system which permits Annex I countries to purchase carbon credits from other Annex I countries to fulfill their emission reductions commitments. The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is a resultant of this mechanism and is currently the world’s largest multi-national GHG trading scheme. Credits under this system are known as European Union Allowances (EUAs).

The Kyoto Protocol formed under the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) allows the Annex I countries of the UNFCCC (the developed countries and countries with economies in transition) to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by a certain amount. The Protocol was formed in 1997 and it came into force on 16th Feb 2005. This is a legally binding agreement for 169 industrialized nations to collectively reduce their GHG emissions to about 5 % from 1990 levels. The 1990 emission levels have been taken as baseline. In the 2008-2012 phase of the Kyoto, the legally bound countries will achieve their targets. The six GHG gases identified in the Protocol are CO2, CH4, HFC, PFC, SF6 and N2O. It is under the Kyoto regime that the largest GHG market in the world has evolved.

Clean Development Mechanism, defined under Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol, is a

There are three mechanisms under the Protocol through which the Annex I countries can reduce their emissions. These mechanisms form the foundation of the Kyoto Protocol. They are as follows:

Joint Implementation

• Clean Development Mechanism • Joint Implementation • Emissions Trading

project based transaction system which allows industrialized nations, having a target for reduction of GHG, to accrue carbon credits. A CDM project should assist Non Annex Party/country (developing nations) in achieving sustainable development. Projects such as energy efficiency, fuel switch, renewable energy (hydro power, wind power), methane capture from municipal solid waste, waste to energy, HFC destruction, biomass and cogeneration, which help in reduction of GHG emissions could be potential CDM projects. Carbon credits are acquired by financing the carbon reduction projects in developing nations. The credits originating from such projects are termed as Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). For every tonne of carbon dioxide reduced, one CER is issued which is then traded in the international market such as the EU ETS. The CERs can also be sold in the voluntary carbon market. In 2006, the CDM transacted credits valued at around US $5 billion and represented reductions of 450 Mt CO2e.

allows emitters in the developed (Annex I) countries to purchase carbon credits from another developed country or an economy in transition that have implemented carbon reduction projects. This is also a project based transaction and reductions achieved through such projects are referred to as Emission Reduction Units (ERUs). Some of the countries involved in JI are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Japan, Poland, Romania, Spain, UK, etc. Any project starting after the 1st January 2002 is eligible to be a part of JI.

Source : www.emergent-ventures.com

Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment Bridging the gap between demand and supply of non-renewable and scarce resources through cost-effective interventions

GREEN with GRIHA Do you ever fancy travel by a time-machine, back and forth in time? I do. When I watch epic movies like Troy or Gladiator, I feel like traveling back in time to see how the Acropolis was built by the Greeks, the Colosseum by the Romans etc., and to understand the processes of thought that lead to events that changed the course of our history. My curiosity further deepened when I visited the historical theme park, ‘Puy du Fou’ in the Vendee region of Western France. Small pockets of the park recreate ancient Europe from different historical times. Apart from the spectacular shows featuring the Viking attacks, Gladiatorial combats, Equestrian feats etc; the architecture and the way of life from medieval times was quite thought provoking. It is a model of sustainable living showcasing men and women gainfully engaged in various vocations; living on agriculture, livestock and entertaining them with live music. I wondered why such content people would transform into an industrial society. A possible explanation is that the conditions of life I witnessed in August were limited to the spring season and the weather during the rest of the year was quite harsh. Their typical food like cheese, sausages, wine etc., can be stored for months. It was not difficult to imagine that they had to fight against or control nature for most part of their lives to better their standards of living. However the Indian situation is quite different. We experience sunshine all round the year and are endowed with abundant natural resources. Historically our lifestyle was in harmony with nature. Perhaps we have been digressing from this approach in recent times. Shortage of energy and water, waste disposal, pollution of air are the order of the day in most parts of our urban areas. Unless we learn from our mistakes, history repeats itself. When it comes to designing buildings we have a choice between the [1] new ‘controlling nature’ paradigm by adding active systems for lighting, space conditioning and vertical transportation or [2] the time tested ‘harmony with nature’ paradigm by engaging nature through passive design to achieve day lighting, space comfort and resource conservation. Due to the differences of climate in a country like India and the variety of uses in buildings, both approaches are relevant. With increasing concern over climate change, sustainability has become the most important agenda for all types of development. Building design, construction and operation which addresses sustainability has been labeled green, eco-friendly, sustainable etc., in different parts of the world.

The Energy and Resources Institute

...towards global sustainable development

GREEN...

SP Infocity, Manesar. Architectural Rendering

15

And its Growth in the Indian Market Market driven sustainability initiatives such as green building rating programmes have popularized green buildings in the west. Enthusiastic corporate houses from India have built green office buildings that have achieved the highest levels in such rating programmes. This has become a trend and opened a new market for green building services. TERI has worked on the Energy Simulation of these pioneering certified green buildings and already had many years of research experience in sustainable buildings. With a combination of research excellence and experience with international green building rating approach to market transformation, TERI has come up with a green building rating programme, TERI-GRIHA, Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment. While the idea of having a rating system for green buildings is not pioneering, the approach of connecting each green project to the context of site viz, the local physiographic conditions, agro-climatic conditions, construction materials, construction practices and optimizing the functionality and performance of the building through a combination of passive and active systems is unique. TERI-GRIHA is a framework of inter-related environmental performance criteria that serve both as directions for designing, building and operating a green building project and standards for measuring the overall green performance of a building project. TERI has the unique advantage of working closely with the government, industry, donor agencies and various strata of civil society. TERI-GRIHA was thus conceived with the inputs and feedback from across these stakeholder groups. The performance standards have invariably been linked to the available national standards by the BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) or directives and codes from the concerned ministry. TERI-GRIHA was developed for India with National priorities at the core of each criterion in the rating system. TERI-GRIHA sought to popularize compliance with the Indian codes for construction. As a part of Government of India’s commitment to sustainability and mitigation of climate change, it has come up with the NAPCC (National Action Plan on Climate Change) which organizes the plan of action into eight missions. These missions offer directives for the concerned ministries for chalking out their specific action plans. Again TERI played a key role in the development of the ‘Mission on Sustainable Habitat’ The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has identified the various rating systems in India and through a competitive process, selected TERI-GRIHA for adoption as the national rating system after minor changes in the rating system. The following aspects of the building design are looked into in an integrated way in a green building: • • • • • • •

Site planning Building envelope design Building system design (HVAC, lighting, electrical, and water heating) Integration of renewable energy sources to generate energy onsite Water and waste management Selection of ecologically sustainable materials Indoor environmental quality

GRIHA is suitable for designing all types of new green buildings irrespective of their functionality

whether residential, commercial, institutional, hospitality, health care or retail. Around 28 projects from many of the above categories have registered with TERI for TERI-GRIHA rating. IIT Kanpur, Environmental Sciences and Engineering block has been provisionally rated as a 5 star rated building. The others are under various stages of progress. New projects will be registered under GRIHA. Projects registered under TERI-GRIHA which are under progress have the option to migrate to GRIHA. GRIHA will now be administered by an independent entity to facilitate a truly 3rd party certification and verification of green building projects. GRIHA is being registered as a not-for-profit society. The Ministry of Renewable Energy has given the seed funding for setting up an independent secretariat. GRIHA secretariat will be located in the TERI University, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi. The secretariat will be the public face for GRIHA rating. An online platform will be available soon on the GRIHA website for all projects to submit their project documents online for certification review. GRIHA secretariat would coordinate from end-to-end for project certification through the registration of project, orientation cum training workshop, document review, site visits and final award of rating. GRIHA has already announced a training programme for experienced green building professionals who intend to be evaluators of GRIHA project certification documents. These evaluators would be bound by a non-disclosure agreement in relation to the review work that they will be doing for GRIHA as third-party evaluators. The final award of rating for each GRIHA certified building would be subject to the approval of the National Advisory Council.

The secretariat would work closely with the Technical Advisory Committee (TAC), National Advisory Council (NAC), TERI Building Sciences Group and MNRE in propagating GRIHA amongst various stakeholders, updating of GRIHA rating system, development of GRIHA rating system for operational buildings and organizing outreach programmes through events. TAC and NAC are national level bodies constituted by eminent building professionals, industry representatives, policy makers and domain experts. GRIHA seeks to engage stakeholders at all levels in promoting green buildings. A suitable membership mechanism for formal engagement in promoting GRIHA will be worked out. After having a critical mass of green building professionals engaged in GRIHA projects, professional accreditation shall also be introduced to benchmark the service delivery for GRIHA consulting assignments.

TERI GRIHA with the following changes has become GRIHA, the national green building rating system.

17

1. Inclusion of a mandatory criterion on site selection. 2. Inclusion of an optional criterion on universal accessibility of common spaces (barrier free design to enable access for the differently-abled) 3. Modification of the optional renewable energy criterion and making a minimum renewable energy production mandatory for all GRIHA projects.

Commonwealth Games Village: GRIHA principles when applied to large projects can significantly reduce their environmental impacts and ensure long term viability of such developments. GRIHA rating not only helps create good Indoor Environmental Quality for future occupants but also mandates safe and decent working conditions for the construction workers. This project which is on its way to get GRIHA certification has received special appreciation from the Ministry of Labour, Government of India for creating conducive working environment for the construction workers like on-site accommodation including sanitary toilets, safe drinking water and protective equipment for work.

Commonwealth games village, Delhi. Architectural Rendering

IIT Kanpur: GRIHA rating system can be applied to stand alone buildings coming up in infill plots in a developed area or a campus. The Environmental Sciences and Engineering block in IIT Kanpur is an excellent example where GRIHA rating process has helped to bring down the energy consumption by 60% vis-a-vis a similar building with conventional specifications. The project also preserved all the existing trees by designing the spaces around them and integrating those spaces as internal courtyards thus adding to the solar passive feature set of the building.

Why Carbon Minus?

INCENTIVES :

Neutral is just OK, but not enough, says the Indian school of thoughts. Eastern faith and believe differs here with west. Our excessive wasteful energy use and over consumption had brought rise to an alarming situation now. There is only one earth handed to us by our forefathers and we have the moral responsibility of transferring it safely to our children. The Survival Strategy is clear – we need to adapt not only aggressive policies, but also actions in our own house.

Dr Srikanta K.Panigrahi Director General, Carbon Minus India (CMI), New Delhi.

Climate Change is occurring faster and faster; being detrimental to global development efforts and a substantial threat to sustainability of mother earth. Climate Change risks food-security, health, water resources and will further affect all parts of human life. Countries like India with the dream of reaching double digit growth and ensuring poverty reduction are facing the peak of it’s development challenges right now. Temperatures in India are projected to increase up to 50 0C by 2060, resulting in huge yield losses. An increased occurrence of extreme events such as droughts, floods and cyclones have started to affect the poorest segment of the society. In the longer-term, a one-meter sea level rise would displace millions of people in India, and the costs to build walls along the zones, vulnerable to sea level rise are deemed to be extraordinary high. Carbon Minus India (CMI) strongly believes that India must join the global efforts to mitigate, adapt and moderate climate change today, which in fact, is one of the prime national challenge for India, along with rest of the world. At the macro scale, India is a low-intensity producer of CO2 emissions, in comparison with rest of the world. Its’ per capita CO2e emissions are among the lowest in the world with around 1 metric ton (MT) per person compared with 4 for the world average and 20 for the United States. India also performs very well, when compared to other economies on the basis of CO2 intensity on per capita GDP i.e. tons of CO2 emissions per unit of GDP. Carbon

Minus

India

(CMI),

is

a

not-for-profit, public Trust, registered under an

Indian

Indian

Trust

Institute

Act, of

1882;

Sustainable

Development (IISD) initiative; established

at the Capital City of India, New Delhi,

to act with courage and confidence for drastic

curtailment

of

Green

Gases (GHGs), in the larger interest of man-kind for the survival of the earth from Global Warming and other adverse impact of Climate Change.

• Climate Friendly Life-Style Campaigns

• GHGs Reduction Awareness Programes • Carbon Investment Opportunity Information

• Climate Friendly Product Certification System • Research and Consultancy

Building Owners Reimbursement of 90% of the registration-cum-rating fee for projects upto 5000 sq. m. built-up area with minimum 3 star rating & for projects > 5000 sq.m. built-up area with minimum 4 star rating. Architects / design consultants Rs.2.5 lakhs for projects upto 5000 sq. m. built-up area with minimum 3 star rating & Rs. 5 lakhs for projects > 5000 sq.m. builtup area with minimum 4 star rating. Municipal Corporations/ Urban Local Bodies Rs. 50 lakhs to Municipal Corporations & Rs. 25 lakhs to other Urban Local Bodies that announce rebate in property tax for Green Buildings & make it mandatory to get the new buildings under Govt. & Public Sector rated under GRIHA.

Distribution of GRIHA points across technical areas TERI Retreat, Gurgaon.

Annual Awards Annual Awards to 5 star rated buildings under GRIHA. Promotional Activities Upto Rs. 2.00 lakh for each activity to specialized Institutions for organizing workshops/ seminars/ training / publications/ awareness campaigns etc., Separate support available for solar water heating & photovoltaic systems in Green Buildings. Details available at MNRE website: www.mnre.gov.in Fortis Hospital, New Delhi.

Credits to Mr.Siva Kishan, Chief Executive Officer, GRIHA Secretariat, New Delhi. For guidance on building green write to : [email protected]

House

Activities of Carbon Minus India:

The MNRE has announced the following incentives to promote green building projects under GRIHA:

Currently, 28 projects are being evaluated by GRIHA and one building has been rated so far. These are the sample projects, representative of the type of buildings being evaluated by GRIHA - Institutional, Commercial and Residential.

as

19

Please visit http://www.teriin.org/griha/ Source: International Energy Agency (IEA). 2004. CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion (2004

SP Infocity Manesar. Architectural Rendering

edition), IEA, Paris.

Carbon Minus India D-77, Vikas Lane, Shakarpur, New Delhi-110092. [email protected], www.carbonminus.org

Doon School, DehraDun.

Energy Simulation & Energy Efficiency in Buildings To evaluate or predict how much energy a building uses, can be a complicated process. There are some thumb rules and experts can give a good idea of the approximate consumption of a standard building, but these calculations do not work well if you want to design a green and energy saving building. Computer Simulations are necessary to get an objective and precise idea of the buildings energy requirements and also to understand the most cost effective energy conservation measures for the particular project.

Where is the energy consumed? Do you know how much energy your building consumes? To establish energy efficiency measures and save initial & operational cost, it is critical to know what appliances and systems are using the energy. The illustration shows how the total energy consumption is consumed in a typical office building.

How do we start saving energy? The process of energy conservation is to firstly reduce the loads, and then start making the systems more efficient. The chart alongside shows the largest consumers and this is the right place to start: Cooling/ Heating, Lighting and Miscellaneous Equipment (Process Loads, Equipment Loads from Plug Points, Computers and Appliances). Heating & Cooling loads affect their whole HVAC system. If cooling loads increase the energy requirements are higher along with more electricity consumption for Ventilation Fans, Pumps and Heat Rejection. Cooling loads can be reduced by improving the envelope system (Insulation of exterior Walls, high performance glass, shading, green roof) and reducing the internal loads (efficient lighting system, efficient appliances). To choose the right cooling system for your building is vital for efficient energy use. A centralized system with water cooled chillers is efficient and efforts should be made to avoid using single split units which consume much more energy. Natural Light is the cheapest form of lighting for a building, not mentioning the many benefits it has on occupant’s health and productivity. When artificial light is installed, ensure energy efficient fixtures but maintain the minimum amount of light required for the activity of the space. Occupancy sensors and daylight sensors are efficient lighting control measures to ensure the artificial lights are turned off when there is no occupancy or enough daylight. Miscellaneous equipment can be reduced by using energy efficient appliances.

Efficient LIGHTING

Insulated WALLS + ROOF

High Performance GLASS

EnergySaving Equipment

Reduced LOADS

Smaller HVAC-System

High-efficient HVAC-System

Reduced Energy Consumption & Reduced Energy Cost

Computer Energy Modeling:

21

How do you choose the correct Energy Efficiency Measures for your project? Energy Modeling can give you all the answers you need. The energy loads can be simulated, energy efficiency strategies can be modeled and the savings & payback calculated. There are a handful of Energy-Simulation software’s for buildings like eQuest, EnergyPlus, Design Builder and VisDOE. For the following introduction to energy modeling eQuest software has been chosen.

Step 1: Build an Energy Model

The first step for simulating the buildings energy consumption is to build a model in eQuest. To save time and effort the model should be simplified as much as possible but it must be accurate enough to reflect the building design and energy consumption. Before starting with the program following information must be collected: - Design Basis Report (contains important data like HVAC design, lighting, process loads, temperatures, heat recovery, occupancy, equipment density) - Digital drawings (orientation, elevations, floor layouts, zoning) - Construction materials - Rating system and requirements - Applicable standards for simulation (ASHRAE 90.1, ECBC 2007) - Weather files for the proposed location Simplified CAD drawings can be loaded in eQuest and used as background for drawing zones and construction lines. Every single floor must be drawn except typical floors where multipliers can be applied. To calculate a buildings energy consumption accurately and for meeting the requirements of LEED or IGBC a lot of detail inputs must be fed into the software. Specifying conditioned and unconditioned zones, occupancy, lighting power density, equipment power density and fresh air requirements of every zone is vital. The HVAC System can be chosen out of several options and detail inputs for pumps, chillers, fans and cooling towers need to be filled. It is also required to create and assign schedules for the occupancy, equipment and cooling period as well as constructions for walls and windows. After the building parameters are entered, the simulation report can be created which will give information about the annual energy consumption in Kilowatt hours divided into HVAC consumption (Cooling, Heating, Fans, Pumps, Heat Rejection), Miscellaneous Equipment (Equipment, Process Load), Exterior Usage and Lighting.

Longitude diff. = 0.00 Model Bearing = 180.00 Sun: azi = 181.87 alt = 40.71 Eye: azi = 120.00 alt = 30.00

eQuest gives the user opportunity to see a detailed output file, where information of systems, constructions, load hours, heat gains and more can be gathered. With this file, the tonnage of the system, wall window ratio, solar gains, load hours and room temperatures can be checked and compared. Now the proposed case is finished, but to apply for a Green-rating system a base case still needs to be built. A base case should reflect an average building and is simulated with the requirements given in ASHRAE 90.1 or ECBC Code 2007. The geometry in base-case remains the same as for the proposed design only equipment efficiencies, conductivity of building materials, HVAC-System, wall window ratio, lighting power density and a few more specifications have to be adjusted based on the energy code. The simulation program performs the simulation for every hour of the year, using weather data of the location /city where the site exists, and hence the results are comprehensive. The real benefit of computer simulation is not only to predict the annual energy use of the building, but to provide the team with an understanding of the buildings energy performance. This will enable the team to select, simulate, validate and finally incorporate energy efficiency strategies into the building.

N

Step 2: eQuest Simulation & Output Results:

1 5

Se p

12 : 0 0

IES Significantly Enhances itsits VE-Toolkits IES Significantly Enhances VE-Toolkits with with NewNew LEED andand Sustainability LEED SustainabilityAnalysis Analysis Provides Architects and Building Designers with immediate feedback on early stage designs Integrated Environmental Solutions (IES), a world leading provider of integrated performance analysis software and consulting services for sustainable building design, announced the addition of climate exploration, water reviews, low zero carbon technology consideration, and analysis for certain LEED credits to its VE-Toolkits. Enabling architects and master planners to choose from sets of typical properties, the updated VE-Toolkits also provides users with more detailed, highly visual and rich-text reporting. With these new features, IES offers rapid feedback on LEED and Sustainability analysis to improve architects overall productivity from the earliest stage of the design process. The three-tab combination consists of Overview, Sustainability and LEED sections.  The user can utilise these tabs to analyse design ideas in many ways, while assessing the overall feasibility and impact of sustainable strategies at the earliest stages – ultimately allowing the user to make informed design decisions using performance data.  The VE-Toolkits are accessed via Revit® and SketchUp™ plug-ins, as well as through IES’ gbXML import for ArchiCAD® users.  The Overview and Sustainability tab are part of the Sustainability VE-Toolkit, while the LEED tab makes up the VE-Toolkit for LEED®. The VE-Toolkit provides an indicator of whether or not the credit can be achieved.  Users can review daylighting, comfort, water, and renewables. Additional energy analysis module allows for direct assessment of energy efficiency with development of ASHRAE base case and comparison of the same for credits and % benefit.

Software Dialog

Sample Report

Water Heating Ht Pump Supp Space Heating Refrigeration Heat Rejection Space Cooling

Area Lighting Task Lighting Misc. Equipment Exterior Usage Pumps & Aux Ventilation Fans 23%

19%

42% 11% 5%

Electricity

For more information please contact: M/S. SimCosm India Pvt. Ltd. 505, Elite Galaxy, Ramnagar, Pashan Road, Pune – 411 021. Email: [email protected] Phone No. : 020 22953752

Energy Efficiency Measures and Validation through Computer Simulation Energy Simulation is a very helpful tool to decide on different Energy Efficiency Measures, and see the impact on the total energy consumption. The range of Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) varies from simple measures like building overhangs and adding insulation to more complicated systems like implementing a BMS (Building Management System) and dynamic envelope system. In this article, we have focused on a few Energy Efficiency Measures, which range from simple, zero initial cost strategies, as well as measures which come at a higher initial cost but have very good payback periods. We have created a hypothetical building and simulate a “Basecase” which represents a typical office building, in terms of design, envelope, systems and appliances/ fixtures. Each strategy is simulated individually and the percent of savings are shown to validate the benefits of the measure. A final “optimized case” shows the combined effect of implementing all suggested EEM’s and the resulting total savings.

25

India is a country with abundant sunshine. The key to any efficient building is to work with the sun and factors like orientation and shading are critical. Orient the building such that the long axis is north-south to prevent exposure to the heat of the sun. Shading of the building is a zero cost strategy and can be incorporated in the design. Shading devices like overhangs, fins, jalli screens have long been used in our traditional architecture, with a good understanding of the sun. Results: Savings with proper orientation: 2.1% Savings with shading measures: 3.4% Cost: Zero to Minimal Cost

Strategy 2: Reduce Wall Window Ratio:

The Basecase: • Office Building in New Delhi • 10 Floors above grade • 60% Wall Window Ratio on all orientations • 250,000 sqft total floor area • 9 inch Wall with mortar finish • RCC Roof without insulation • Working hours: 8am to 5pm • Conditioned Area: 80% • Equipment Load: 1 W/sqft • Lighting Power Density: 1 W/sqft • Glass properties: U-Value 5.7 W/Sq m K

The amount and type of glazing in a building is critical to the energy performance. The balance of bringing in enough daylight and preventing the ingress of heat requires simulation. To optimize the area of glass on the building presents a great method to save energy and money. As glass is approximately four times more expensive than wall for the same area, initial costs of the construction can be reduced drastically. Considering the energy aspects, fenestration should be between 20-40% wall window ratio (depending on geometry and glass type) to achieve optimum results. Our climate does not require huge expanses of glass which bring in heat and glare. Results: Saving by reducing the Window Wall Ratio (WWR) from 60% to 40% is 2.6% Cost: Reduction in Initial Cost

The Results: Total Energy Consumption = 2979.8 kWh X 1000 Energy Consumption per square foot = 11.9 kWh/year Total HVAC Load : 625 TR HVAC Load (sf per TR) = 400

Strategy 1: Working with the Sun, Orientation & Shading:

Water Heating Ht Pump Supp Space Heating Refrigeration Heat Rejection Space Cooling

Area Lighting Task Lighting Misc. Equipment Exterior Usage Pumps & Aux Ventilation Fans

Strategy 3: Can a light color building save?

23%

28%

28%

2%

11%

Electricity

6%

Yes. Materials with high reflectivity and lighted colors reflect heat. Simple use of these materials for walls, roofs, paving and other components can greatly reduce building’s heat gain. Strategies like roof coatings, china mosaic tiles on roofs, light color painted walls or stone surfaces are good examples of this zero cost strategy. Results: Savings by changing from dark to light color: 0.9% Cost: Zero Additional Cost

Strategy 4: Glass glass everywhere, but no daylight or views? This is a common problem seen in so many glass box buildings today. Too much glass (and incorrect specifications) results in too much heat gain and glare, which results in blinds being closed, and the whole purpose of the use of glass is lost. Computer simulation can help in selecting the “Correct Glass” for the project. Glass has 3 critical properties, namely the amount of natural light (Visible Light Transmittance), heat conductance (U Value) and shading (Shading Coefficient) and hence using computer simulation, the team achieves the balance of heat versus light.

2 Heat Mirror Films 3 krypton filled airspaces warm edge insulated spacer bar gas retention tape

Results: Improved Glass: Changing the Glass properties from U-Value 5.7 W/m2 K and SC 0.25 to U-Value 1.8 W/m2 K and SC 0.20 brings 3.5% total energy savings. Cost: Increase in initial cost of Glass. Reduction in capacity of HVAC equipment.

27

Strategy 7: Improved HVAC system: The performance of the HVAC System has a big impact on the energy consumption. Their strategy in our case is to increasing the COP of the centrifugal chillers from 5.0 to 5.5, installing variable speed drives, reducing the pressure losses of the air-supply system and replacing standard pumps and motors with higher efficient ones. These parameters not only help to reduce the loads, but will indirectly offset the costs as power back up DG sets and transformer capacity would be reduced proportionately. Results: Improved HVAC system will have a savings effect of 12.5% on the total energy consumption.

Strategy 8: On demand HVAC system:

Strategy 5: Low conductivity materials & insulation:

Demand Control Ventilation works by sensing the CO2 level in the exhaust air and adjusting the fresh air requirements. The principle is that if a room is not occupied, then CO2 levels are low, and fresh air being pumped in is reduced. When occupied, the system will ensure that the CO2 levels do not exceed the permissible limits.

Insulation is another great way to reduce heat ingress through walls and roofs. Exterior Walls can be made out of concrete, brick, AAC-Blocks and other materials. Choosing a material with good thermal insulating properties does not necessary mean that the construction is more expensive. In fact if we choose materials like AAC Blocks, not only does it provide better thermal properties, but it is also lighter in weight and

Results: Demand Control Ventilation will save 1.3 % of the energy used per year.

Results: This result of 2.7% savings was achieved by adding 2 inch polyurethane insulation on exterior walls and roof, whereby increasing insulation and reducing heat transfer. Hot ambient air

When conditioned air is exhausted from a space, fresh air at outside temperature needs to be cooled / heated before supply to maintain thermal comfort in the space. The heat recovery wheel helps to transfer some of the energy, to pre heat / cool the fresh air before reaching the HVAC system. Hence a heat recovery wheel could transfer heat to reduce the temperature of ambient outdoor air by 6 – 8 degrees and can save on energy loads of the HVAC system.

Strategy 6: Maximizing daylight and reducing artificial light: A building can maximize their use of daylight by turning off the artificial lights when lux levels are sufficient. Daylight sensors installed along the perimeter of the building achieve this saving. High efficiency artificial lights can also be installed to reduce the electricity load due to lighting of the building. T5 and LEDs are good examples of this saving strategy. Results: Daylighting sensors are able to save 6% of the total energy consumption. Reducing the lighting power density by 20% will earn additional 6% energy savings.

Strategy 9: Heat Recovery Wheels:

Cold outlet air

Result: Installing a heat recovery wheel in this project will save 1.5 % on energy cost.

Optimized Case:

There are reasons why our brand is green...

29

To implement all mentioned Energy Efficiency Measures can reduce the total energy consumption by 36%. It must be considered that the single EEMs show higher savings in percent as they were simulated individually based on the basic design. The graphs show that the miscellaneous equipment is always kept at the same load and at the end this part takes up a huge percentage of the total energy consumption. Additional energy efficient appliances would be able to save more energy, what is not modelled here. These strategies to save energy will bring different results for every project, as they depend on various parameters like orientation, geometry, occupancy, internal loads and HVAC system. To start the energy simulation process early in the design of the building can assist in making decisions towards a greener building at a minimal increase in initial capital cost.

HVAC Insulation, Green Buildings & LEED: What Is the Connection? Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design, better known as LEED, is generating more interest then ever among HVAC engineers. In practice recent studies confirm that if buildings are designed with GREEN objective in mind, they will not only earn good LEED ratings but will also save energy costs in long run with out incurring much incremental cost. Insulation plays key role in Green Buildings and its scope in grand scheme of LEED is identified and may get more recognition in coming days. How Insulation Selection Impacts LEED Certification? Insulation can contribute to LEED within the 3 categories of Energy & Atmosphere, Materials & Resources, and Indoor Environment Quality, but certain specific guidelines apply. 1. Energy & Atmosphere (EA) 2. Materials and Resources (MR) 3. Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) Role of Insulation in LEED could increase Existing LEED programmes continue to evolve, so guidelines will continue to change based upon input from committees and Architects / HVAC fraternity. In coming days there should be greater emphasis on indoor environmental issues, including acoustics, mould and low-emitting materials. All of these have the potential to expand the importance of insulation selection within LEED projects, as we don't want LEED rated Green buildings to become just another building.

What is GREEN about Class O Armaflex Plus & Class O Armaflex Closed Cell Insulation & ArmaSound Super Silence Ductliner? While LEED may include many credits that are specific to mechanical insulation, its overall concern with indoor air quality, emissions, pollutants, particulates, etc. is pervasive. From this perspective, Armaflex is, indeed, a very “green product”. Consider the following important points about Armacell products;

With the rising energy costs, not only does this mean greater savings, but also faster paybacks

and adds validity to the statement - “ Going Green Makes Sense” where inspired to be green energy experts prepared this showcase for you. Please contact them by e-mail at [email protected] for more information on that topic.

Water Vapour Resistance: Armaflex's closed cell structure inherently prevents water vapour absorption; eliminating one main ingredient required for fungal growth, as well gives long term insulation efficiency. MICROBAN antimicrobial product protection: Built into Class O Armaflex Plus. Microban antimicrobial protection is another layer of defence against the spread of mould & mildew. ®

Non-particulating and Fiber-free: This prevents it from becoming an irritant to building occupants. So there is less concern about material in ductwork breaking down and being released into the air stream. Formaldehyde Free, Low VOCs, and negligible off-gassing makes Armaflex a healthy choice for facilities concerned with indoor pollutants.

Water Heating Ht Pump Supp Space Heating Refrigeration Heat Rejection Space Cooling

Area Lighting Task Lighting Misc. Equipment Exterior Usage Pumps & Aux Ventilation Fans

Total Energyconsumption

-36%

3500 kWh*1000 3000 kWh*1000 2500 kWh*1000

23%

2000 kWh*1000 1500 kWh*1000 1000 kWh*1000

19%

500 kWh*1000

42%

0 kWh*1000 Basecase

11% 5%

Electricity

optimized Case

Misc. Equipment

Space Cooling

Heat Rejection

Ventilation Fans

Pumps & Aux.

Lighting

Space Heating

33

Green roofs play a most important role in thermal protection of roofs. Roof gardens not only give the building a green look, they actually make the building more energy efficient. ELT India Enterprise has brought the latest green roof technology from Canada, which enables green roofing of any existing and new building. For an existing roof a solution can be provided whether it is sloping or flat, has services running, a sky light or other constructions which cannot be removed. The company dedicates hard work towards the mission of facilitating the integration of environmental technologies such as green roofs and living walls into our dwellings and work places. The lightweight and low maintenance systems can weigh as little as 8 kg/sq.ft when fully saturated, what makes it perfect for retrofits. Designed with sustainability in mind, each component is either recycled or recyclable to conserve our precious natural resources. ELT Easy Green™ is the one product which combines all standard green roof layers in one! The ELT system can be installed over any membrane type. However, single-ply membranes like (EPDM and TPO) often do not require an additional root barrier saving on material costs.

Panels are modular with overlap strips around two sides. They can be stacked up for shipping and trimmed to fit on site. All of these features translate into faster installation times and reduced project costs.

The pre-growing process begins with green roof panels being laid out at their grow facility. By pre-growing the panels, the benefits are seen immediately after installation. The established plants resist weed pressure and reduce irrigation requirements resulting in maintenance savings. When fully established, the plants anchor into the bio-blanket provides a great erosion control.

An irrigation system is installed to help the plants while they adjust to their new environment during the first season. If designed in advance, after the first year the irrigation can remain in place as an inexpensive method of dealing with dry periods, but may not be needed for regular irrigation. 3rd Party Testing: ELT Easy Green™ green roof systems being tested at the Centre for the Advancement of Green Roof Technology (BCIT). We have 2 Research Evaluation Modules that can be viewed by the public as well as many other case studies around the world. ELT is a proud member of the Canadian Green Building Council and with our innovative roof system we help to achieve several LEED credits. The system can contribute to the following, depending on the individual project and design of green roof:

The plastic carrier has integrated water reservoirs and drainage. The water is stored until saturation in the reservoirs and then drains down through the drainage holes and flows to the nearest drain through the void space below the system.

The recycled HDPE plastic carrier acts as: • Water reservoir • Drainage layer • Protection from excessive drying of roots from airspace below • Cups greatly improve product handling and making it easy to install The vegetation area has a bio-blanket at the base which is fixed on the drainage board. This Bio-blanket is made from recycled polyethylene and renewable hemp fibers and performs the role of a water retention, rainwater filter and anchor for the roots. It helps to distribute the water evenly across the vegetation area and makes water management most efficient. Local Growing Mediums – ELT uses only local growing medium sources to keep within LEED guidelines (500 miles to site). All images with courtesy of ELT Green roof

system.

1 point Reduced site Disturbance, Protect or Restore Open Space 2 points Stormwater Management, Rate, Quantity and Treatment 1 point Landscape and Exterior Design to Reduce Heat Islands 2 points Water Efficient Landscaping 1 point Innovative Wastewater Technologies 2 points Optimized Energy Performance 2 points Recycled Content 2 points Local/Regional Materials 1-4 points Innovation in Design

To implement a green roof in the design of a building, helps to save cooling energy because the green roof acts as an insulation layer which does not allow heat to be conducted to the space. This green area can also serve as a recreational space for occupants and it brings back our mother nature into urban lifestyle. ELT India is the single source for all your green roofing needs of design, manufacturing components, growing, installation and maintenance. For more information and product specifications please get in contact with the Green Roof and Green Wall experts in India: Mr Pradeep Barpande – ELT India Enterprise Phone: 09923020000 , 09764020000 Email: [email protected] Shop # 9, Nandini Gardens, Sunflower Bldg, Baner, PUNE.

Energy Consumption & Maintenance Costs Significance of LED Lighting The LED lighting system, a series of miniature lighting extends itself for both functional and aesthetic purposes. This innovative lighting system is now available in India, it finds application where traditional lighting fixtures have limitations and design solutions are required. LEDs are the most environmentally responsible and sustainable lighting technology available. Due to their long life and high reliability, LED light sources require less frequent recycling than traditional incandescent or halogen technology, making them the most energy-efficient and cost-effective lighting option over system life. It comes in white, blue and amber light colors that can be set in brushed metal or brass. LEDs don’t contain mercury or other hazardous materials like compact fluorescent bulbs, which enables safe handling and disposal. Eyeleds® is a new use of lighting as a decorative feature.

35

Eyeleds® have a power rating of just 0.3 watts. The Eyeleds® light output of 6 lumen is ideal for decorative lighting and orientation lighting. On average the LED will shine for 100,000 hours! In the case of LED lighting the light source does not fail from one moment to the next: the intensity of the light gradually diminishes. Yet various tests have shown that even after 3 years there is no visible difference between a used light and an unused light.

Product Range Eyeleds® are available in different shapes, sizes and colors. This innovative lighting technology is also available as Disc eye, Space eye and Beam eye. The Disc eye and Space eye are exceptional thin lighting fixtures with a total thickness of 10mm what makes them easy to install. With the 6 Watt model it is possible to replace a 20 Watt halogen light. The Beam eye is the perfect fixture to be used as a spotlight, as it produces much less heat then halogen spots.

Eyeleds® Eyeleds® is a new use of lighting as a decorative feature that helps to create atmosphere while also serving as safety or orientation lighting in floors. Eyeleds International is focused on providing LED lighting systems for professional indoor and outdoor flooring market. Eyeleds offers revolutionary, creative and high quality LED lighting options for a wide variety of interior and exterior applications. The innovative Eyeleds LED lighting concept was developed in conjunction with leading partners from interior design and lighting industry, taking advantage of their application expertise.

Eyeleds® Round

Eyeleds® Guide

Eyeleds® Square

Eyeleds® Disc eye

Eyeleds® Beam eye

Quality & Durability The 6.5 mm super flat fixtures can be build-in in a professional and norm conform way in every surface; e.g. floors (laminate, wood, carpet, stone carpets, adhesive floors, nature stone, cork, rubber etc.), but also in walls, stairs, ceilings, furniture, veranda, for interior as well as for exterior applications. As the fixtures have a minimum recess depth and do not produce heat (max 32°C.), Eyeleds is extremely suitable for applications in all materials with a thickness of 7mm. Eyeleds® is tested according to the norms. Even in build-in applications the fixtures can deal easily with a point-pressure of 2850 N or 285 kg. So no problem to drive e.g. with a car over this fixture. This worldwide patented, IP67 water and dust proof system, contents of very high quality LEDs based on SMD technology. By the use of high quality components the fixtures reach a lifetime of 100.000 hours MTBF and the Eyeleds® just consume 0,3W. They are very economical in use. Because of the Eyeleds®- fixtures are functioning in a very safe way and in an environmental responsible way they could be switched on continuously.

Eyeleds® Power eye

Eyeleds® Color eye CS

Eyeleds® Outdoor Pro

Eyeleds® Space eye Eyeleds® Minibeam eye

Possibilities for the future... Eyeleds® anticipates to bring out LED lighting in new shapes, sizes and colors. In the foreseeable future the range shall be expanded with the addition of products based on ‘power LED’ technology. The very high light output of ‘power LED’ is leading developers to explore the possibilities of ‘functional’ LED lighting and LED room lighting that will make it possible to take advantage of the low energy consumption and very long life span of LED!

Distributor for India and Sri Lanka :

Information and Image courtsey : Eyeleds® Brand of Lighting Science Group Corp. ww.eyeleds.com

COSMO/Eyeleds India ‘Cosmo Square’ #6, Ranjith Road, Kotturpuram, Chennai -85, India. Phone : +91-044-2447 0649, 2447 2558, www.cosmofloor.com / [email protected]

l e e d decoded

37

Examples for M R Credit 5.1 & 5.2:

Building Materials: Calculate the cost of material qualified for the credits as 100% of the value of the

Material Resource Credit 5: Local & Regional Materials

Intent Increase demand for building materials and products that are extracted and manufactured within the region, thereby supporting the regional economy and reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation.

product applies. If stone is sourced at Kota and treated at Jaipur and the site is Jodhpur, we can achieve 5.1 and 5.2. If it was sourced in Hyderabad and treated at Jaipur and site is Jodhpur, then we can apply for 5.1 but not 5.2 (Hyderabad does not fall in the required radius). In another case, if the lumber was sourced from Mysore (not in 800 km radius) and constitutes 65% of the product by weight, we could use 100% of the product value for MR Credit 5.1 (manufactured regionally) but in Credit 5.2, only 35% of the value can be considered and the 65% (lumber from Mysore) is outside the radius and would be excluded.

Credits M R Credit 5.1 (1 point): Use a minimum of 20% of building materials (by cost) and products that are manufactured regionally within a radius of 800 Km. M R Credit 5.2 (1 additional point): Of the regionally manufactured materials documented for MR Credit 5.1, use a minimum of 50% (by cost) of building materials and products that are extracted, harvested or recovered (as well as manufactured) within 800 km of the project site.

Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish a project goal for locally sourced materials and identify materials and material suppliers that can achieve this goal. During construction, ensure that the specified local materials are installed and quantify the total percentage of local materials installed. Consider a range of environmental, economic and performance attributes when selecting products and materials.

Definition: Manufacturing refers to the final assembly of

components into the building product that is furnished and installed by the tradesmen.

Building Products: If the hardware comes from Indore, the lumber from Nagpur and the joist is assembled in Kanpur, then the location of the final assembly is Kanpur. The site is shown to be New Delhi. In this case, we can take 100% of the value of the material / product for MR Credit 5.1 and 5.2, as the extraction and manufacture are within the 800 km radius.

Percent of Local Materials [%] =

Total Cost of Local Materials [rs] Total Material Cost [rs]

Exemplary Performance: Points to Note: Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing Components shall not be included in this calculation. Only permanently installed materials can be considered. All items taken must be consistent with MR credits 3 - 7, including furniture.

A project would qualify for Exemplary performance under 5.1 Credit for Manufactured regionally, if the value of building materials meeting the requirements is 40% of building material cost. A project would qualify for Exemplary performance under 5.2 Credit for Extracted regionally, if the value of building materials meeting the requirements is 20% of building material cost.

BUILD WITH HEMP… and SAVE ENERGY We all wish that we could use materials which can be environmentally friendly produced, without using to much energy and creating green house gases. This innovative material helps to store CO2 emissions, saves energy over the buildings lifetime and comes with all the features of a strong building material. Hemcrete® is an established walling material for carbon negative highly thermally efficient walls. While hemp is growing it is absorbing CO2 from the air and produces oxygen after cutting and manufacturing the Hemp to wall blocks the CO2 is still stored in the material what results in a negative CO2 balance of the material. This building material offers all the advantages of a strong and long lasting construction material and comes with all the green features you could possibly expect from building material: • • • • •

high insulating properties vapour permeable air tight lightweight from renewable materials

It can be used for all kinds of building applications from roof insulation to wall construction to flooring. It is seven times stronger than concrete, weighs half as much, is waterproof, fireproof and at the end of its lifecycle it is completely recyclable. In the U.K this amazing green material is used for years. To grow hemp is illegal in some countries but in England a lot of farmers earn their money with growing hemp as a raw material for that amazing building material. The hemp plant is growing without use of fertilizer and with little water needs.

39 The U values for walls depend on the Hemcrete® wall thickness for example for standard mix: a 200 mm wall has a U value of 0.3 W/m2 K a 300 mm wall has a U value of 0.2 W/m2 K a 400 mm wall has a U value of 0.15 W/m2 K

Characteristics: • • • •

Concrete dosed at 220 kg/m3 Density 330 kg/m3 Thermal conductivity λ = 0,09 W/m.k Compressive Strength at 90 days 0.9 Mpa

Showcase: LIME AND HEMP HELP WAREHOUSE TO SAVE OVER 750 TONNES OF CO2. A distribution centre for Adnams brewery in Southwold, Suffolk can probably lay claim to being Britain’s greenest warehouse. By using Tradical® Hemcrete®, over 150 tonnes of CO2 have been locked up in the logistics centre’s walls. In addition, creating walls within a conventional building of the same size would have generated up to 600 tonnes of CO2 emissions. By using Tradical® Hemcrete®, the Adnams distribution centre has therefore made a potential saving of up to 750 tonnes of CO2. The commitment of Lime Technology is to work with a variety of specifiers, contractors, developers and research bodies across all market sectors. It is the aim to create buildings that have both a low embodied CO2 footprint as well as being low energy in use. They are working on the forefront of creating a new wave of low carbon products to build tomorrows buildings today. More information on that amazing material and the green minded company can be gathered under: www.limetechnology.co.uk

Chilled Beams A new cooling system finds the way to green buildings A lot of inventions were made to cool buildings down to comfortable air temperatures, always with the goal of increasing the efficiency and adapting to different situations. Chilled beams can definitely help to make the process of cooling more efficient and reach the target of an energy conserving building.

Active chilled beams are developed on the basis of passive chilled beams with the target of a higher capacity and a controlled fresh air supply. The primary air from the air handling system is introduced to the active chilled beam through high velocity nozzles, and this starts of a chain reaction: The supplied warm air cools down on the beam, gets heavier (as the density of air increases with falling temperature) and sinks down to the floor. Indoor air heated up by all internal loads flows up to the chilled beam (as hot air rises) and is getting cooled again by the cold water circulated pipes. Due to forced convection, active chilled beams achieve cooling densities about twice of those of passive chilled beams.

Advantages of Chilled Beams

41

• • • •

Very low noise levels. Reduced cost of air ducts and supply fans. Less ductwork. Supply water temperature can be significantly higher. • System does not take up much space and can even fit in to ceilings. • No moving parts = less maintenance. • Saving energy of delivering sensible cooling to the space.

Advantages of chilled beams are the reduced material and installation costs and the increased energy efficiency of the HVAC system. High comfort through excellent air movement and uniform air temperatures throughout the room along with very low noise levels can be a reason to go for active chilled beams. In some cases space savings in the ceiling plenums can be achieved by implementing this technology. The chilled beam system makes use of the natural air flow and works with buoyancy. Chilled beams are pipes circulated with cold water, they are mounted on the ceiling and provide a cold surface which is exchanging the temperature by convection and radiation directly to the room air. The greatest advantages of these systems are the huge savings in ventilation energy as compared to a conventional system where the air serves as a medium to transport cold air to the room. The new sustainable sky scrapper pearl river tower will make use of this technology. ( Picture on the right) Conventional buildings as well as Green buildings using most of their energy for operation of it’s cooling system. These systems require a lot of energy for supplying the cold air through air ducts into the room. In many cases ventilation energy takes up the biggest share of the energy cost for cooling. To reduce this share chilled beams are introduced to green buildings. Air with its low density is not predestined to ‘transport’ energy. One cubic meter of air can store around 1 kJ if the temperature changes by one degree Celsius, for the same volume (1 sqm) water is able to store 4000 kJ of energy. What means to extract 4000 kJ of load from a space will require either 40,00,000 litre of air or just 1,000 litre of water. The innovation of chilled beams is that the loads are removed with the help of water and not in the conventional way with air. These systems were first introduced in Europe as chilled ceilings, where water pipes as part of the ceiling work with convection to cool down the space. The disadvantage of limited cooling capacity was taken care of by changing the system to passive chilled beams. This concept uses pipes and coils which are installed on the ceiling so that the air can flow through it and cool down. Problems of condensation on the ceiling were faced in some projects due to the low temperatures on the surface of the chilled beam and the sometimes high humidity of fresh air.

Condensation control is one challenge faced by working with chilled beams. The humidity of the supply air must be analyzed carefully and appropriate ways should be adopted to avoid the condensation on the ceiling. To make sure that condensation does not occur, the wetbulb temperature of the supply air must always be higher than the supply water temperature of the chilled beam. For humid climates a dehumidification of the air will be necessary before supplying it to the room. Attention should be paid to airtight construction of the building what will influence the infiltration of (humid) air. Chilled beams are well suited for applications where heat generated by equipment drives cooling loads and supply airflow levels. For buildings with high indoor latent loads, such as restaurants, health clubs or theatres other systems may be a better choice. Manufacturers are now offering multi-purpose chilled beam units. These are single units that include light fixtures, sprinklers, cooling coils and the chilled beams. Combining all of these elements into one unit offers simplified installation and gives more importance to the design. Chilled beams can save 15-20% of the cooling energy or more, reason being that the sensible cooling takes place directly to the space and the ventilation energy is reduced significantly as only the required amount of fresh air is supplied to the room. Higher chilled water temperatures around 60 degree Fahrenheit for chilled beams and 44 degree Fahrenheit for conventional systems make high savings in cooling energy possible and reduce the electricity bills. The article used the ASHRAE Journal and the website of DADANCO (worldwide Chilled Beams producer) as a source of information beside the expertise of our team for HVAC systems.

i

to be

GREEN

Architect of the Month

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

Design and Development is the only architectural firm in Asia (and possibly in the world), which to its credit has designed three LEED Platinum rated buildings and two LEED Gold rated buildings.

43

Key People Vidur Bharadwaj, Managing Partner

The managing partner of Design & Development, one of the leading architectural firms in the country. A Modern School Alumnus, Vidur did his architecture from the prestigious School of Planning & Architecture, Delhi. Practicing since 1992, Vidur has designed projects for high profile domestic and international clients. Currently he is the Chairman - Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) – Delhi Chairman - Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) – India -Schools & Education Teaching Faculty - School of Planning & Architecture, Delhi. Chapter Advisor - Hong Kong Development Group on Sustainable Architecture in Urban Cities Frequent speaker at International and National forums on green architecture and relevant topics. ``Green building technology is a futuristic idea for the planet and is pro life. In the middle of steel and concrete constructions, eco-friendly buildings lead us to a healthy life and are gentle on our environment. The basic tenet behind green construction is to effectively use the natural resources in a manner to reduce the damage to the environment. At Design & Development we have adopted this as a mission and we have delivered projects which are user friendly and aim to build a greener tomorrow.’’

Jitendra Puri, Partner Jiterdra, is a M.Tech in “Construction Engineering and Project Management’’ from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi with Graduation in Architecture from TVB school of Habitat Studies, Vasant Kunj Delhi. For the last ten years he has been designing interior spaces for large corporate offices, schools and hospitals. ``Green Interiors can be achieved by both simple & high tech ways, initial capital cost is a bit more but human capital that occupies, is the supreme cost of any facility.”

Sheetal Rakheja, Partner It is our continuous endeavour ... to design that strives to balance environment responsibility resource efficiency, community sensitivity and occupant comfort

Sheetal is a Graduate from Sushant school of Art & Architecture with eleven years of design experience. She is an accredited Green Building professional and a visiting faculty at SPA. She is a frequent speaker at National forums on Green Architecture. Designing has always been Sheetal’s key strength right from college days and she has today successfully designed IT Parks, Corporate Offices, Hospitals, Multiplexes and Hotels. She is a firm believer in Sustainable Architecture and therefore her building designs focus on harnessing natures elements, highest energy efficiency, selective and optimized glazing with optimum wall window ratios and employing carefully selected materials and minimizing wastages. “Buildings consume vast amounts of our resources like water, energy, materials and threaten the ecological systems that support life, from the ozone layer to the world’s forests.  Therefore,there is a need to rethink ... Reassess our excess as it is important to build for fulfilling our needs and not the greed.”

Prospectus Design

& Development is a multidimensional architectural and interior design firm with significant experience in designing Software Parks, SEZ’s (Wipro, Patni, Computer Science Corporation, Hughes Software), Hospitals (Max Health Care), Multiplexes, Shopping Malls and Personalized Residences. Since its inception in 1993, the company has designed projects for high profile domestic and international clients. The firm is committed to success through principal involvement and collaborative teamwork of all disciplines i.e. interior, architecture and project management team. Design & Development is dedicated to the process of developing creative solutions that go beyond the obvious. The approach is to provide distinctive and memorable design solutions within viable commercial parameters each time.

Green Projects

45

showcasing exemplary design & construction in green Wipro Campus, Greater Noida

Building Type : IT/ITES Facility, Built up area - 40,00,000 sq.ft.

Quality is maintained through hands-on involvement at almost every level, with a clear focus on budget and schedules, environmental consciousness, state of the art technology and the highest standards of design excellence. This has ensured that the projects Design & Development works upon truly withstand the test of good-sustainable Architecture.

The Wipro campus has been designed to provide an interactive campus environment in a tranquil setting. The activity hub with common facilities like recreation, cafeteria and sports center is planned along the central axis with software office blocks on either side of this central zone. The reception, library & rejuvenation areas are curvilinear in stark contrast to the efficient, straight and rectangular forms of the office blocks. The office areas are oriented North South with optimum glass wall ratio of 24% and high performance glass used to achieve daylight and views to occupant.

Design & Development is a very specialized architectural firm having over 100 professionals working in it who are striving to design environment friendly GREEN BUILDINGS across the globe. In 2007, it was placed among the top four architectural firms in India by CNBC and ICICI .It currently has 40 million sq.feet of sustainable green architecture at various stages from design to completion.

ZONING AND RELATIONSHIP

Design and Development team keeps conducting a no. of workshops and interactive sessions With clients, contractors and students to spread the message of green all across India Vidur and Sheetal have been an active speakers in various conferences and workshops Organized by ISHRAE – Indian Society of Heating and Air-condition Engineers,IERF,Search Foundation,IGBC and CII.

The green spaces and the central dry water body are designed along the main pedestrian movement pattern to enhance it, such that they together become the binding element for the campus. To add interest and shaded areas for making pedestrian circulation more conducive. The open spaces become the spillover interaction zones. Earth air tunnel for using the geo thermal energy to cool the office space and chilled beam system are employed for lowering energy consumption of the buildings.

Two of the blocks have achieved IGBC (Indian Green Building Council) LEED Gold rating and another building is being designed to achieve Leed Platinum Rating.

Green Projects

showcasing exemplary design & construction in green Green Boulevard, Noida

It’s one of the most Environment Friendly Core and Shell project in India. It is aspiring to achieve USGBC (United States Green Building Council) Platinum rating LEED (Leadership in energy & environmental Design) certification in Core and Shell The Building is a multi-tenant project that is based around the concept of creating a congenial campus like environment, where every tenant can share common areas, facilities and still retain their privacy. The three towers, of this 9,52,000 sq.ft. development, are staggered horizontally and vertically, giving each one visibility and identity from the road. The stilted public realms on the lower floors consist of an amphitheatre, a gym, a cafeteria and shops, helping to form an area of common interests. The shaded stilted landscape areas provide easy visual & physical connections, which create an interactive environment. Series of landscape sunken courts get in diffused natural light from one side into lower ground areas housing cafeteria, gym and offices. The lower ground areas remain cooler as these are sunk. The towers are designed around shaded landscape courts with shallow water bodies & plants, which are placed strategically along the wind direction to help cool the ambient temperature of the campus. The building depth has been optimized to capture daylight and to maximize views. The north-south orientation of the building ensures diffused natural daylight from the north while the horizontal projection design feature cuts off the high sun from the South side. All the exterior shading systems are designed to cut off heat and get glare free light. Pre cooled fresh air, the heat recovery wheel and free cooling during fair weather season further helps in energy conservation. It was ascertained as per the building simulation results that the Active and Passive features of the Green Boulevard, together, help in saving 40% energy from other standard office buildings in India.

IHDP, Business Park, Noida The studios are designed in clusters around interconnected courts. Each court has its distinct character and features and is yet part of a larger thematic architectural principle that flows throughout the structure and surroundings. These clusters are planned around a dynamic, central water body that changes shapes and size to create movement. The water body simultaneously functions as a stage for the amphitheatre reminiscing one of our ghats while also accommodating the floating restaurant. Our magazine’s August issue featured Patni Knowledge Center, Noida, as the project of the month. Which explained the various sustainable features along with the planning concepts involved in the design of the project.

Facade integration of photovoltaic modules With the implementation of Energy Performance Certificates for Buildings a new era in terms of building design has started. Today not only the design and façade of a building count but also its functionality and energy consumption during the utilization phase. The better the energetic standard, the lower the operation expenses and the higher the value of a real estate. A building which can produce its own power demand or can at least contribute to it, has a lead over conventional buildings which are cheap in construction but blow all budgets (or “breaks the bank”) once under operation. Building, especially large office blocks offer large surface areas that can be used for energy production trough photovoltaic systems, reducing the energy consumption of the building and CO2 emissions at the same time. On-roof photovoltaic systems have become very common in central Europe. On-roof or façade additive mounting, such as on porch roofs, is done with a mounting system made from steel or aluminum and the panels are solely for electricity production.

Possible integration of PV into facades

Photovoltaic modules can be easily integrated into the building envelope and take the function of an adequate building element. Among post-and-beam construction, rear ventilated walls and curtain walls also pre-fabricated facades have become popular in the last decades. It is the architect’s choice if he wants the PV panels to be invisibly mounted on the roof-top or to be shaping the appearance of the building by integrating the electricity producing cells into the visible shell.

The aim of architecture is to maximize the user’s comfort regarding natural lighting and open view outside. This is mostly achieved with large glass surfaces. To ensure the thermal balance of the building, shading of these is the only way. Since outside shading elements are more efficient than inside shading and since rear-ventilation improves PV cell efficiency, porch roofs and shading blades are very useful for installation of photovoltaic cells. They reduce the cooling load and produce electricity which can be used for example for artificial lighting. Wind load and load-carrying capacity has to be verified on an individual basis. Inclination and gap between the modules has to be chosen so that mutual shading is avoided. Glas-in-glas modules also have a shading effect. Overhead mounting above an atrium makes the area a comfortable place. Atria and canopy have ideal inclination and are mostly free from shading.

The most common integration of photovoltaic into the façade: • Shading systems • Post-and-beam construction • Element facade • Double cladding/ double skin

facade

• Atria and cantilever roof

Design

Color Usually photovoltaic cells are dark of color to ensure maximum absorption of sunlight. By varying the thickness of the anti-reflection film other color-effects can be created. Colored PV-cells are custom made thus doubling or tripling the price of conventional cells. The higher reflection rate leads to a decrease in cell efficiency of 15-30%.

Photovoltaic Technology has reached a point where shape, size and mounting methods are more flexible than ever. Therefore bold design ideas can be realized. Design of polycrystalline and monocrystalline modules is bound to the size, number and arrangement and the wafers. When designing, one can take into consideration the standard sizes available or, if a complete covering is desired, order custom-made modules. To fill corners and get a uniform surface look, dummy modules with “dead cells” are used. Semitransparent und translucid photovoltaic modules combine electricity production and provide natural regulated lighting in the room. Glas-in-Glas modules are available as single glazing or double glazing. The transmission factor is regulated by the cell coverage of poly- or monocrystalline between the glazing. At thin-film modules the opaque layer is cut into rectangular parts with a laser, creating gaps for the light to shine through.

49

Flexibility Flexible and bent modules are laminated on a support material like metal- or plastic film, synthetic resin or glas-textile-membrane. Thin-film flexible modules have a very low weight and can be used for shading elements, sun-sails and arched roofs and cupolas. Cristalline cells can be bent to a minimum radius of 0,9m. Bent Modules are not as efficient as plane ones because they are not equally exposed to the sunlight.

Double Cladding Airy constructions and light-flooded rooms take their toll. Single glazed facades have a high heat transmission coefficient which leads to highly fluctuating temperatures in the building. Just like in a greenhouse the air heats up so much that corrective action is unavoidable. Double cladding is the answer to big glass surfaces. It consists of two glass facades, where the outer façade is rear-ventilated and therefore suitable for the integration of translucid PV modules.

Ventilated Facade Rear-ventilated facades mainly protect the main façade from weather impact. It has no heat insulating function but is positioned in front of the load-carrying façade and is air permeable. Since rear-ventilated facades contain of opaque elements such as aluminum, stone or steel, photovoltaic panels offer an economically feasible alternative. No major alteration on the existing façade structure is necessary.

Non-Ventilated Facade Other than the ventilated façade, a non-ventilated facade has a heat insulation function. It can consist of concrete or brick walls with humidity barriers and insulation material. Today armored concrete constructions are common. Exterior wall don’t have load-carrying functions any longer but their weight is carried by the concrete ceilings. Curtain facades are usually a post-and-beam construction made from steel or aluminium profiles and filled with glass. Overheating in summer has to be prevented by shading elements. Opaque or translucid photovoltaic elements can be fitted into a post-and-beam structure very easily and cause a regulation of energy input into the room. They can be mounted and sealed in the same way as glass plates. As these kind of facades are not ventilated the temperatures of the modules are getting higher and therefore the efficiency of the PV panels is lower.

51

Operation & Maintenance

After the initial start-up, maintenance is not absolutely necessary but regular checks ensure that failures can be detected quickly, defect modules can be exchanged and the system always operates at maximum power. In most types of facades exchanging of modules is done from outside. Cleaning of the surface is not necessary since rainwater washes the dust away. In areas where the air is heavily polluted and where stains remain on the glass, the surface should be cleaned in the same interval as glass or metal facades.

Resume Facade integration offers an enormous potential for photovoltaic electricity production. If only a small percentage of building surfaces are used, building standards can be lifted to a whole new level. In addition the thermal standard of the façade will be improved through shading and the user will feel more comfortable in a well tempered building. After all, design should also keep in mind the needs of the people living with it. Architects have a responsibility to lead the way into a sustainable future and show their environmental commitment.

Info

Mrs DI (Fh) Ida Poinstingl is the author of this article. She is working on design and planning of photovoltaic projects in Europe. For further information on building integrated systems please contact her at: [email protected]

Carbon Credits - Indian Perspectives by Mr. Kiran Patil, Managing Director, Ecolutions Carbon India

Climate Change and the Green House Gas effect: Human activities are increasing the concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere. This enhances the green house gas effect and is commonly referred to as Climate change. Climate Change Leads to : • Rise in average global temperature (expected to go up by 1-4 Celsius in next 100 years) • Changes in precipitation quantity and weather patterns • Changes in vegetation • Increased storm surges • Sea level rise (parts of Maldives & Bangladesh might submerge in next 50 yrs)

Global Initiatives on Climate Change

• • •

United Nations Framework Convention on climate change (UNFCCC) adopted in Rio-earth summit 1992 First major initiative for International Cooperation in the area of GHG mitigation Primary objective being stabilization of GHG concentrations in the atmosphere that would prevent interference with climate system Further strengthened in Kyoto Protocol in 1997, where the nations of the world agreed that industrialized countries will reduce their aggregate emissions.

Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM)

Joint Implementation (JI)

International Emission Trading - (IET)

Between developing and developed countries

Between developed countries

Between developed countries

It is a treaty signed by most of the Developed Nations / Annex I countries and Developing nations/ Annex II countries. It says that all the Developed Nations have to reduce their Greenhouse Gas Emissions by certain % of target from 2008 to 2012, the minimum benchmark level is 5.2%.

• Parties to the UNFCCC have been meeting every year since 1994 to implement and define this framework. At the third meeting of the Parties, Conference of Parties ( COP) 3, the Kyoto Protocol was adopted and set legally binding GHG reductions for industrialized countries, or so-called Annex I Parties. • The Kyoto Protocol entered into force, on February 16, 2005, it identifies mechanisms by which credit can be received for GHG reduction projects in non-Annex I countries. • In December 2001, the Convention has received 186 instruments of ratification. • The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of three "flexibility mechanisms" identified in the Kyoto Protocol that participating countries can use to meet their GHG reduction targets. • The CDM is the only mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol that involves developing countries or non-Annex I countries. Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol allows developed countries and countries with economies in transition to meet their greenhouse gas reduction commitments by engaging in CDM projects that reduce GHG emissions. Developing, or non-Annex I, countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol can benefit from these CDM projects to promote sustainable development. Annex I countries, in return, receive certified emission reduction (CERs) credits for investing in CDM projects in non-Annex I countries, which can be used against their GHG reduction commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol set out three goals for the CDM:

Registered Project activities by host party. Total 1,789

• To help mitigate climate change; • To help Annex I countries attain their emission reduction commitments; • To help non-Annex I countries achieve sustainable development. CDM projects have three overall criteria:

FLEXIBILITY MECHANISMS OF KYOTO PROTOCOL

Kyoto Protocol

53

• In 1992 over 180 countries at the "Earth Summit" in Rio de Janeiro adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The UNFCCC is a legal framework that enables Parties to the Convention to start the process of stabilizing greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere.

Projects must be voluntary; Projects must be able to show long-term climate change mitigation benefits; and Projects must contribute to emissions reductions above and beyond business as usual (so-called additionality). CDM in India India acceded to the Kyoto Protocol in August 2002 and one of the objectives of acceding was to fulfill prerequisites for implementation of CDM projects, in accordance with national sustainable priorities. NATIONAL CDM AUTHORITY The Ministry of Environment and Forests is the nodal agency for climate change issues in India. It has constituted Working Groups on the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol.

• Out of the 1,789 registered projects, 450+ projects belong to India (approximately 25%). • Over 1230 Projects have received ‘Host Country Approval’ from the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Delhi. Green House Gas Emissions and Sources

•

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

GHG

Sources

CO2: Carbon Dioxide CH4: Methane N2O: Nitrous Oxide HFCs: Hydro Fluoro

Global Warming Potential (GWP)

Fossil fuel combustion;

1

déforestation; agriculture Agriculture; land use change;

23

biomass burning; landfills Fossil fuel combustion;

296

industrial; agricultural Industrial/manufacturing

120~ 12000

PFCs: Per Fluoro Carbons

Industrial/manufacturing

5700~ 11900

SF6: Sulphur Hexa

Electricity transmission;

Fluoride

manufacturing

Carbons

Source: Kyoto Protocol, Annex A; IPCC (2001)

22200

CDM Process Steps

CDM as a financing Mechanism • CDM project additional cash flows on sale of CERs • Viability improves due to Banks will be interested when viability improves • Normally cash flow from CER sales revenue happens on delivery of CER • CER sales revenue is considered at the time of financial appraisal.

• Identification of the projects. • Bundling of small scale project (if needed). • Basic Data Collection. • Preparation of Project Concept Note (PCN).

Issues faced during CDM Cycle

• Preparation of Project Design

• • • •

Identification of Project Type/Methodology used Tracking the Host Country Approval (HCA) process Costs of Validation (Increasing DOE fees) Choice of DOEs, Accreditation of DOEs, Suspension of DOEs by UN CDM EB • CDM Cycle Time and CDM Costs

Document (PDD). • Host Country Approval. • Selection of Validators (DoEs). • Assistance in verification, certification and registration.

Issues faced during Registration

• Financial analysis of the GHG emission reductions.

Serious prior consideration of CDM.

• Market and revenue

• Poor Additionality Demonstration, understanding and proper use of EB Guidelines. Choice of right consultant/expert for the PDD writing, is required. • Loopholes in Investment Analysis, analysis of Registered and rejected projects is required. • Use of Incorrect Benchmark, financial expert must have knowledge about the CDM guidelines. • Incorrect Applicability Criteria used (from approved methodologies) use the latest version of methodologies, and reference of the registered PDDs is required.

assessments. • Identification of potential buyers for GHG -emission reductions purchase and transfer agreements.

Project Design Document Designated national authorities

Host country approval Validation

Operational entities

Registration

Financing and implementation Project ownwer

Monitoring

Verification and certification Executive board

Issue CERs

Interactions involved in a typical CDM project and actors responsible

Ecolutions Carbon India Pvt. Ltd.

55

INVESTING IN CLIMATE PROTECTION PROJECTS Ecolutions Carbon India Pvt. Ltd. is a 100% subsidiary of Ecolutions GmbH & KGaA of Germany, one of the well known companies in Europe. Ecolutions is created to serve as the pre-eminent business-to-business resource for companies to understand, mitigate and manage the transition to a greenhouse gas constrained future. They are committed to take positive and real action to tackle global green house problems. The integrated business model of Ecolutions combines ecological and economic demands in a unique way. The company makes an active contribution to global climate protection efforts and offers investors an attractive investment opportunity in the emerging carbon markets. Ecolutions dedicated team is experienced in determining the eligibility of projects under CDM. Team Ecolutions comprises of highly qualified and experienced multi-disciplinary professionals. Ecolutions is the only ISO certified company in carbon market in India in its first year of operation itself and having the portfolio of 2.58 Million + tCO2e Portfolio, having 32+ Clients and 26+ Projects, aggregator at Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) and also has CLIMEX Membership as well. Equity investment projects: Ecolutions has recently invested 2 Biomass projects (15 MW each) in Nagpur District, Maharashtra with equity partnership with Turboatom- TPS Projects Ltd. This project will be using biomass viz agriculture waste which is burnt by farmers, available in local areas as a fuel in the power-plants to produce electricity. Ecolutions is also developing a 45 MW wind energy project in Maharashtra. Their project will be supplying 85,000 MWh to the regional grid and also generate about 77,000 CERs per year. Project Design and Documentation: Ecolutions is actively engaged in developing the CERs/VERs project. At present Ecolutions is working on more than 25 Projects in the short span of one year. Carbon Foot Print Services: Carbon Footprint is the sum total of the impact of a person or thing or activity on the environment measured in tones of carbon dioxide (CO2, the major greenhouse gas) released back into the environment. A personal carbon footprint is the total carbon emissions resulting from the activities of one person, again usually measured in terms of tones of CO2 per year. A footprint is what is left at the back as a result of an individual's activities. Carbon footprints can measure only direct emissions from energy used in the home and in transport, or can also include indirect emissions as a result of goods and services consumed. Ecolutions Carbon India Pvt. Ltd has formally launched its "Carbon Footprint Services" on the occasion of the 1st Anniversary of the company. i.e. on 17th January 2009. Ecolutions is the first company in India who has announced such a project in organized manner specially for the corporate world and individuals. Battle against the Climate Change by spreading awareness about Global Warming effects among the younger generation. Visit www.ecolutions.in for more information about Ecolutions Carbon India Pvt. Ltd.

57

Working long-term in electric lighting is believed to be deleterious to health, working by daylight is believed to result in less stress and discomfort. How we light up the places we live and work makes a big impact on how we feel. It also makes a big impact on the environment. Daylighting facts: • Daylight (Full Spectrum light), is the source of life and essential to our well being, health and development. • It provides high luminance and permits excellent colour discrimination and colour rendering, these two properties mean that daylight provides the condition for good vision. • Skyshade Daylights is presenting the miracle Daylighting system “LightPipe” which conducts sunlight through a system of pipes from exterior/ ambient into desired location in the building.

Features: • • • • •

Applications:

Commercial Warehouses Factories Corridors Schools Institutions Offices

Bright natural day light Works on rainy days No heat transfer Zero UV radiation Can bend around corners

Diameter (mm)

750 530 250

Ambient Light vs Light output (Lux) 1.00 to 1.10 lakh 50,000

5000 2800 450

1600 250

Residential Living Bedrooms Kitchen Toilets Staircases

9,000

500

Features: 1. LightPipe can work for Lower Floors in Multilevel building, if there is a duct or opening for the tubes to run through from roof. The light pipes are to be weather protected. The southern face of building can be tapped to bring the light inside. 2. LightPipe provides good performance even in cloudy days. In overcast conditions where ambient light is 40,000-50,000 lux, 530 mm Light Pipe delivers 1400-1500 lux. 3. Unlike regular Skylights, the LightPipe conducts light only and not heat because of static air column. As the length of Reflective tubing increases, the heat transfer reduces. Even double glazed diffusers can be provided. 4. LightPipe has a top UV absorbing dome and bottom diffuser which absorbs 99% UV radiation. The light transmitted will not fade the interiors of building and is not harmful.

Electric Light

vs

Light pipe Light can reach desired locations in a building.

Area Covered (sft)

1000-1100 450-500 150-200

Advantages: • Cool day light • Saves Electricity • Exposure to natural daylight is beneficial to keep up the mental and physical well being • Better natural light conditions were linked to improved productivity and safety of personnel • Reduces the risk of business disruption due to power failures

How it works? The Transparent Dome exposed to sun collects light and pipes it down. The highly reflective interior surface of the pipe, conducts light to desired location, with minimal loss. The diffuser installed inside, distributes the incoming light evenly throughout the area.

Contact us at: Skyshade 6-3-1216/141, Methodist Colony, Kundanbagh, Begumpet, Hyderabad-500016

Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Visit: www.skyshade.in

This quote from “The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner” by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, could be our future, unless we take notice and action on the growing water crisis in our country and the world. We must be careful about the water we use and the waste we generate, as it affects the climate and our future generations more than you can ever imagine. "There will be constant competition over water, between farming families and urban dwellers, environmental conservationists Source: UNICEF report, August 2007 and industrialists, minorities living off natural resources and entrepreneurs seeking to commodify the resources base for commercial gain" -UNICEF report on Indian water, Nina Brooks, August 2007.

Imminent Water Crisis in India: India’s huge and growing population is putting a severe strain on all of the country’s natural resources. Most water sources are contaminated by sewage and agricultural runoff. India has made progress in the supply of safe water to its people, but gross disparity in coverage exists across the country. Although access to drinking water has improved, the World Bank estimates that 21% of communicable diseases in India are related to unsafe water.

Start Conserving Water in Buildings: The rapid growth of population in India has resulted in a crisis of shortage of fresh water. Green Buildings address this issue in 2 steps. First is to reduce the amount of water being used in the building, which would be in toilets, bathrooms, janitorial uses and air conditioning make up in water cooled systems. Secondly, green buildings reduce the amount of waste water leaving the site, sometime a zero discharge, by treating the waste water on site and reusing it for toilet flushing and landscaping.

The Savings, Quantified: In this article, we shall focus on water conserving fixtures that can help you reduce the intake of fresh water for domestic purposes. The “baseline” or standard flow and flush fixtures are compared to more efficient fixtures available in the market. It is obvious that simple choices of fixtures, and at no additional cost, can result in substantial savings in fresh water use, reduction in sewage generation and a reduced negative impact on the environment. The following calculations have been done to show the water use reduction in buildings for domestic purposes. The Building use is assumed as office of 200 people, 100 male & 100 female. The following basic usage assumptions have been taken for both cases: Fixture

Men / Uses per day

Women / Uses per day

1 2 3 (15 seconds) 1 (600 seconds)

3 0 3 (15 seconds) 1 (600 seconds)

Water Closet Urinal Faucet Shower

Strategy 1: Use Low- Flow Dual Flush Water Closets Fixture

Baseline

Efficient

Water Closet

Litres / flush 6/3

Litres / flush 4/2

Baseline Water Use Litres / day 2400

Efficient Water Use Litres/day 1200

Savings % 50%

Strategy 2: Use Water- Less or Low Flow Urinals Fixture

Baseline

Efficient

Urinal – Low Flow Urinals – Waterless

Litres / flush 1 1

Litres / flush 0.5 0

Baseline Water Use Litres / day 200 200

Efficient Water Use Litres/day 100 0

Savings

Efficient Water Use Litres/day 900

Savings

% 50% 100%

Strategy 3: Low Flow Faucets Fixture

Baseline

Efficient

Faucets

Litres / min 12

Litres / min 6

Baseline Water Use Litres / day 1800

% 50%

Strategy 4: Low Flow Showers (Assuming 10% of the population showers on site) Fixture

Baseline

Efficient

Showers

Litres / min 12

Litres / min 6

Baseline Water Use Litres / day 2400

Efficient Water Use Litres/day 1200

Savings % 50%

Combined Case: Savings by Implementing Strategies 1 -4

Daily Water Consumption

Baseline Water Use Litres / day 6800

Efficient Water Use Litres/day 3300

Savings % 52

The above calculations are for an Office building of 200 person occupancy. The amount of fresh water usage can be reduced by 10,50,000 litres/year (for 300 working days) and reduce the sewage being generated by 60%. Hence, by implementing strategies that wouldn’t necessarily cost you any additional money would save on water bills and reduce the burden on municipal water supplies & drainage. Imagine if all buildings were to use these strategies, now wouldn’t that be sustainable?

Make yourself heard in the Green Community through us. We are all listening to what you feel, believe & would like to say. We also want to make our publication useful, communicative and educative, so that we can all work together to make our buildings, cities, country and world, a greener place to live. Please e-mail us and we would be delighted to hear your feedback about our magazine, the articles we have published and if you think there is a topic we should cover in our next publication. Be Inspired and Green Regards

"I'd put my money on the sun and solar energy. What a source of power! I hope we don't have to wait until oil and coal run out before we tackle that."

— Thomas Edison, 1931

“Humor is a serious thing. I like to think of it as one of our greatest natural resources, which must be preserved at all cost.”

—James Thurber

"Why should I care about future generations? What have they ever done for me?"

— Groucho Marx

Inspired to be GREEN Team "Man is a complex being; he makes the deserts bloom and lakes die." — Gil Stern

September 2009 Owner & Editor: Kishore Kumar 130, Old Mahabalipuram Road, Shollinganallur, Chennai - 600119. Printer: Rapid Scan Systems Ltd Old No 14, Sri Krishnapuram street, Royapettah Chennai - 600014. Email for questions, comments & marketing: [email protected] Contact Phone Number: +91 98432 68083 Private Circulation, Not for Sale.

"The good news is we know what to do. The good news is, we have everything we need now to respond to the challenge of global warming. We have all the technologies we need; more are being developed. And as they become available and become more affordable when produced in scale, they will make it easier to respond. But we should not wait, we cannot wait, we must not wait."

— Al Gore

"If you want one year of prosperity, plant corn. If you want ten years of prosperity, plant trees. If you want one hundred years of prosperity, educate people." — Chinese proverb