I E Q C C: Ndoor Nvironmental Uality Redit Ategory

 

 

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5:3:525 :3?991 0:1 >202:E:=4 Igr ehh HOOB JB+C prglocts, oxcopt ‘HOOB JB+C< @oeht`cero‖< [rgloct toefs s`guhb foot t`o roqunrofodts igr jgt` vodtnhetngd edb fgdntgrnda. Yodtnhetngd<

R`ns proroqunsnto `es bniiorodt vodtnhetngd roqunrofodts igr ‘foc`edncehhy vodtnhetob specos‖ edb igr ‘deturehhy vodtnhetob specos‖. Foc`edncehhy vodtnhetob specos<

Igr t`o foc`edncehhy vodtnhetob specos (edb igr fnxob-fgbo systofs w`od t`o foc`ednceh vodtnhetngd ns ectnvetob), prglocts hgcetob nd t`o _S s`guhb pursuo ‘Gptngd 5‖, w`nho t`o prglocts hgcetob gutsnbo t`o _S ced pursuo ‘Gptngd :‖. 96=:93 JC 0EB104 E=03?01? OI;JAI@J@

_dbor t`ns gptngd, prgloct toefs s`guhb botorfndo t`o fndnfuf gutbggr enr ndtemo ihgw igr foc`ednceh vodtnhetngd systofs usnda t`o vodtnhetngd reto prgcoburo irgf ES@ZEO 9:.5-:;5; gr e hgceh oqunvehodt, w`nc`ovor ns fgro strndaodt. Ebbntngdehhy, prglocts s`guhb foot t`o fndnfuf roqunrofodts gi ES@ZEO Stedberb 9:.5–:;5;, Soctngds 2–1, Yodtnhetngd igr Eccoptejho Ndbggr Enr Uuehnty (wnt` orrete) gr e hgceh oqunvehodt, w`nc`ovor ns fgro strndaodt. ""  

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96=:93 IC #43 E=03?01?E 43 JNINJAI@@L 03? 43 JMLLHAI@@L

[rglocts hgcetob gutsnbo t`o _S fey c`ggso tg foot t`o fndnfuf gutbggr enr roqunrofodts gi Eddox J gi Cgfntî Ourgpîod bo Dgrfehnsetngd (COD) Stedberb OD 5?:?5–:;;1, Ndbggr odvnrgdfodteh ndput perefotors igr bosnad edb essossfodt gi odoray porigrfedco gi junhbndas ebbrossnda ndbggr enr quehnty, t`orfeh odvnrgdfodt, hna`tnda edb ecgustncs. Edb prglocts s`guhb ebbntngdehhy OD 5311>–:;;1, Yodtnhetngd igr dgdfoot t`o roqunrofodts gi COD Stedberb rosnbodtneh junhbndas, [origrfedco roqunrofodts igr vodtnhetngd edb rggf cgdbntngdnda systofs. Deturehhy vodtnhetob specos<

Igr deturehhy vodtnhetob specos, edb igr fnxob-fgbo systofs w`od t`o foc`ednceh  vodtnhetngd ns ndectnvo, prgloct toefs s`guhb botorfndo t`o fndnfuf gutbggr enr gpodnda edb speco cgdinauretngd roqunrofodts usnda t`o detureh vodtnhetngd prgcoburo irgf ES@ZEO Stedberb 9:.5–:;5;, gr e hgceh oqunvehodt, w`nc`ovor ns fgro strndaodt. Conhnda `ona`ts, hgcetngd edb snzo gi t`o detureh vodtnhetngd gpodndas s`guhb jo ehh bosnadob tg foot t`o roqunrofodts gi t`o fodtngdob stedberb. [rgloct toefs s`guhb cgdinrf t`et detureh vodtnhetngd ns ed oiioctnvo stretoay igr t`o prgloct jy ighhgwnda t`o ihgw bnearef nd t`o C`ertorob Ndstntutngd gi Junhbnda Sorvncos Odandoors (CNJSO)  Epphncetngd Epphncetngdss Fedueh EF5;, Ferc` :;;?, Detureh Yodtnhetngd nd Dgdbgfostnc Junhbndas, Inauro :.0, edb foot t`o roqunrofodts gi ES@ZEO Stedberb 9:.5-:;5;, Soctngd ,2gr e hgceh oqunvehodt, w`nc`ovor ns fgro strndaodt. Igr ehh specos<

R`o ndbggr enr quehnty prgcoburo fodtngdob nd t`o ES@ZEO Stedberb 9:.5–:;5; fey dgt jo usob tg cgfphy wnt` t`ns proroqunsnto. Fgdntgrnda<

R`ns proroqunsnto `es bniiorodt fgdntgrnda roqunrofodts igr t`o ‘foc`edncehhy vodtnhetob specos‖ edb igr t`o ‘deturehhy vodtnhetob specos‖. Foc`edncehhy vodtnhetob specos<

[rglocts cgdtendnda vernejho enr vghufo systofs s`guhb fgdntgr t`o fndnfuf gutbggr enr ndtemo ihgw wnt` e bnroct gutbggr enrihgw foesurofodt bovnco . R`ns bovnco s`guhb foesuro t`o fndnfuf gutbggr enr ndtemo ihgw, es boindob jy t`o vodtnhetngd roqunrofodts wnt` ed eccurecy gi +/–5; gi t`o bosnadob fndnfuf gutbggr enrihgw reto. Ed eherf s`guhb jo ectnvetob w`od t`o gutbggr enrihgw vehuo vernos jy 5? gr fgro irgf t`o gutbggr enrihgw sotpgndt.

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[rglocts t`et uso cgdstedt-vghufo systofs, s`guhb jehedco gutbggr enrihgw tg t`o fndnfuf gutbggr enrihgw bosnad reto boindob jy ES@ZEO Stedberb 9:.5–:;5; (wnt` orrete), gr `na`or. [rglocts s`guhb ndstehh e currodt tredsbucor gd t`o supphy ied, ed enrihgw swntc`, gr e snfnher fgdntgrnda bovnco. Deturehhy vodtnhetob specos<

Igr t`o deturehhy vodtnhetob specos edb igr t`o fnxob-fgbo systofs w`od w` od t`o foc`ednceh vodtnhetngd ns ndectnvetob, prgloct toefs s`guhb cgfphy wnt` et hoest gdo gi t`o ighhgwnda stretoanos< [rgvnbo e bnroct ox`eust enrihgw foesurofodt bovnco  phecob et t`o ox`eust hgcetngd. R`o bovnco fust jo cepejho gi foesurnda t`o ox`eust enrihgw wnt` ed eccurecy gi +/–5; , edb ed eherf s`guhb jo ectnvetob w`od enrihgw vehuos  very jy 5? gr fgro irgf t`o bosnad ox`eust reto. [rgvnbo eutgfetnc ndbncetngd bovncos gd ehh detureh vodtnhetngd gpodndas. Ed eherf s`guhb jo ectnvetob w`od edy gdo gi t`o gpodndas ns chgsob burnda t`o gccupnob `gurs. Fgdntgr cerjgd bngxnbo cgdcodtretngds wnt`nd oec` t`orfeh zgdo. Cerjgd bngxnbo fgdntgrs fust jo jotwood 3 edb 9 ioot (>;; edb 5,0;; fnhhnfotors) ejgvo t`o ihggr edb s`guhb jo phecob wnt`nd oec` t`orfeh zgdo. R`o fgdntgrnda bovncos s`guhb `evo ed eubnjho gr vnsueh ndbncetgr gr s`guhb ehort t`o junhbnda eutgfetngd systof, ni cerjgd bngxnbo cgdcodtretngd hovohs oxcoobs t`o sotpgndts jy fgro t`ed 5;%. R`o sotpgndts s`guhb jo cehcuhetob jy usnda t`o fot`gbs nd ES@ZEO 9:.5–:;5;, Eppodbnx C. R`o foc`ednceh oqunpfodt ndstehhob igr t`o ‘HOOB JB+C< Cgro edb S`ohh‖ prglocts s`guhb jo cepejho gi footnda prgloctob vodtnhetngd retos edb fgdntgrnda roqunrofodts gi t`o iuturo todedts. Ebbntngdeh roqunrofodts igr ‘rosnbodtneh‖ prglocts< Zosnbodtneh prglocts s`guhb cgfphy wnt` t`o provngus roqunrofodts edb ebbntngdehhy foot t`o ighhgwnda roqunrofodts nd oec` bwohhnda udnt< _dvodtob cgfjustngd epphnedcos ero dgt ehhgwob nd edy udnt. Cerjgd fgdgxnbo fgdntgrnda bovncos fust jo ndstehhob gd oec` ihggr gi oec` udnt. Ehh ndbggr inrophecos edb wggbstgvos s`guhb `evo ahess odchgsuros gr bggrs t`et soeh w`od chgsob. Edy ndbggr inrophecos edb wggbstgvos t`et ero dgt chgsob cgfjustngd gr pgwor vodtob s`guhb pess e jecmbreit pgtodtneh pgtodtneh tost nd grbor tg cgdinrf cgdinrf t`et boprossurnzetngd gi t`o cgfjustngd epphnedco zgdo ns hoss t`ed ? [e. "$  

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Speco- edb wetor-`oetnda oqunpfodt t`et ndvghvos cgfjustngd fust fus t jo bosnadob edb ndstehhob wnt` chgsob cgfjustngd gr wnt` pgwor-vodtob ox`eust, gr s`guhb jo hgcetob nd e botec`ob utnhnty junhbnda gr gpod-enr iecnhnty. Ni t`o prgloct ns ndsnbo t`o `na`-rnsm eroes igr rebgd (O[E Zebgd \gdo 5, gr hgceh oqunvehodt igr prglocts gutsnbo t`o _S), prglocts s`guhb bosnad edb cgdstruct edy bwohhnda udnt –gd hovohs gdo t`rgua` igur ejgvo arebo– wnt` rebgd-rosnstedt cgdstructngd toc`dnquos. [rgloct toefs s`guhb ighhgw t`o toc`dnquos proscrnjob nd O[E Junhbnda Zebgd Gut= DI[E ?;;;, C`eptor 2>= Ndtordetngdeh Zosnbodtneh Cgbo, Eppodbnx I= CEJG, Eppodbnx I= ESRF O529?= gr e hgceh oqunvehodt, w`nc`ovor ns fgst strndaodt. ‘HOOB JB+C< Bete Codtor‖ edb ‘HOOB JB+C< Qero`gusos edb Bnstrnjutngd Codtor‖ prgloct toefs s`guhb foot t`o provngus roqunrofodts nd ehh t`o gccupnob specos. Igr ‘HOOB JB+C< @oeht`cero‖ prglocts< @oeht`cero prglocts s`guhb foot t`o ighhgwnda roqunrofodts igr jgt` vodtnhetngd edb fgdntgrnda. Yodtnhetngd<

R`ns proroqunsnto `es bniiorodt vodtnhetngd roqunrofodts igr t`o ‘foc`edncehhy vodtnhetob specos‖ edb igr t`o ‘deturehhy vodtnhetob specos‖. Foc`edncehhy vodtnhetob specos<

Igr foc`edncehhy vodtnhetob specos edb igr fnxob-fgbo systofs w`od t`o foc`ednceh  vodtnhetngd ns ectnvetob, `oeht`cero prglocts s`guhb botorfndo t`o fndnfuf gutbggr enr ndtemo ihgw retos jy usnda t`o vodtnhetngd retos nd ES@ZEO Stedberb 51;–:;;0, :;5; IAN Aunbohndos igr Bosnad edb Cgdstructngd Soctngd 1= Cero t`o roqunrofodts gi t`o gi @oeht` Iecnhntnos (Rejho :.5–:)= gr e hgceh oqunvehodt, w`nc`ovor ns fgst strnd-

aodt. Igr edy eroe dgt cgvorob nd t`o ES@ZEO Stedberb 51;-:;;0 gr nd t`o IAN aunbohndos, prgloct toefs s`guhb ighhgw t`o ES@ZEO 9:.5 gr e hgceh oqunvehodt, w`nc`ovor ns fgro strndaodt edb foot t`o fndnfuf roqunrofodts gi ES@ZEO Stedberb 51;–:;;0, Soctngds 9–0, Yodtnhetngd gi @oeht` Cero Iecnhntnos (wnt` orrete) gr e _SAJC-epprgvob oqunvehodt stedberb igr prglocts gutsnbo t`o _S. Deturehhy vodtnhetob specos<

Igr deturehhy vodtnhetob specos (edb igr fnxob-fgbo systofs w`od t`o foc`ednceh ! #$%&'()*+,- #$/+,/+;

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 vodtnhetngd ns ndectnvetob), `oeht`cero prglocts s`guhb bot botorfndo orfndo t`o fndnfuf gutbggr enr gpodnda edb speco cgdinauretngd roqunrofodts usnda t`o detureh vodtnhetngd prgcoburo gi ES@ZEO Stedberb 9:.5–:;5; (wnt` orrete) gr e hgceh oqunvehodt, w`nc`ovor ns fgro strndaodt. [rgloct toefs s`guhb cgdinrf t`et detureh vodtnhetngd ns ed oiioctnvo stretoay igr t`o prgloct jy ighhgwnda t`o ihgw bnearef nd Inauro :.0 gi t`o CNJSO Epphncetngds Fedueh EF5;, Ferc` :;;?, Detureh Yodtnhetngd nd Dgdbgfostnc Junhbndas. Fgdntgrnda< Foc`edncehhy vodtnhetob specos<

Igr foc`edncehhy vodtnhetob specos (edb igr fnxob-fgbo systofs w`od t`o foc`ednceh  vodtnhetngd ns ectnvetob), `oeht`cero prglocts s`guhb prgvnbo e bnroct gutbggr enrihgw foesurofodtt bovnco, nd grbor tg foesuro t`o fndnfuf gutbggr enr ndtemo ihgw. R`o foesurofod foesurofodt bovnco s`guhb jo cepejho gi foesurnda t`o fndnfuf gutbggr enr ndtemo ihgw wnt` ed eccurecy gi +/–5; edb ed eherf s`guhb ehort steii w`odovor t`o gutbggr enrihgw vehuo vernos jy 5? gr fgro irgf t`o gutbggr enrihgw sotpgndt. Deturehhy vodtnhetob specos<

(Dgto t`et t`o ighhgwnda fgdntgrnda roqunrofodts ero lust t`o sefo s efo wnt` t`o provngushy boscrnjob fgdntgrnda roqunrofodts t`et ero epphncejho tg t`o gt`or HOOB JB+C prg locts.) Igr deturehhy vodtnhetob specos edb igr fnxob-fgbo systofs w`od w` od t`o foc`ednceh vodtnhetngd ns ndectnvetob, `oeht`cero prglocts s`guhb cgfphy wnt` et hoest gdo gi t`o ighhgwnda stretoanos<  phecob et t`o ox`eust hg[rgvnbo e bnroct ox`eust enrihgw foesurofodt bovnco cetngd. R`o bovnco fust jo cepejho gi foesurnda t`o ox`eust enrihgw wnt` ed eccurecy gi +/–5; , edb ed eherf s`guhb jo ectnvetob w`od enrihgw vehuos  very jy 5? gr fgro irgf t`o bosnad ox`eust reto. [rgvnbo eutgfetnc ndbncetngd bovncos gd ehh detureh vodtnhetngd gpodndas. Ed eherf s`guhb jo ectnvetob w`od edy gdo gi t`o gpodndas ns chgsob burnda t`o gccupnob `gurs. Fgdntgr cerjgd bngxnbo cgdcodtretngds wnt`nd oec` t`orfeh zgdo. Cerjgd bngxnbo fgdntgrs fust jo jotwood 3 edb 9 ioot (>;; edb 5,0;; fnhhnfotors) ejgvo t`o ihggr edb s`guhb jo phecob wnt`nd oec` t`orfeh zgdo. R`o fgdntgrnda bovncos s`guhb `evo ed eubnjho gr vnsueh ndbncetgr, gr s`guhb ehort t`o junhbnda eutgfetngd systof, ni cerjgd bngxnbo cgdcodtretngd hovohs oxcoob t`o

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sotpgndts jy fgro t`ed 5;%. R`o sotpgndts s`guhb jo cehcuhetob jy usnda t`o fot`gbs nd ES@ZEO 9:.5–:;5;, Eppodbnx C.

43F:193543=0< =9D0##9 E59G4 #93=192:E:=4 [rgloct toefs s`guhb prg`njnt sfgmnda ndsnbo t`o junhbnda edb ebbntngdehhy prg`njnt sfgmnda gutsnbo t`o junhbnda oxcopt nd bosnadetob sfgmnda eroes hgcetob et hoest :? ioot (1.? fotors)  irgf ehh odtrnos, gutbggr enr ndtemos, edb gporejho wndbgws. Iurt`orfgro, sfgmnda s`guhb jo prg`njntob gutsnbo t`o prgporty hndo nd t`o specos usob igr jusndoss purpgsos. Snadeao fust jo pgstob wnt`nd 5; ioot (3 fotors) gi ehh junhbnda odtredcos, edb nt s`guhb ndbnceto t`o dg-sfgmnda pghncy. ‘HOOB JB+C< Sc`ggh‖ prglocts fust prg`njnt sfgmnda gd t`o odtnro snto edb pgst snadeao ndbncetnda t`o dg-sfgmnda pghncy. Igr rosnbodtneh prglocts gdhy<

96=:93 JC 39 E59G:3[

[rgloct toefs s`guhb foot t`o provngus roqunrofodts lust hnmo t`o gt`or retnda systofs, edb t`oy s`guhb prg`njnt sfgmnda ndsnbo t`o odtnro junhbnda. GZ

96=:93 IC #95601=543=02:E:=4 >2:E:=4 Ovory sc`ggh prgloct s`guhb inrst nbodtniy ehh chessrggfs edb gt`or cgro hoerdnda specos edb ebbross t`o ighhgwnda roqunrofodts. @YEC Jecmargudb Dgnso< Sc`ggh prglocts s`guhb ec`novo e fexnfuf jecmargudb dgnso hovoh gi 2; bJE irgf t`o @YEC systofs nd t`o chessrggfs edb gt`or cgro hoerdnda specos.

[rglocts s`guhb ighhgw t`o rocgffodbob fot`gbghganos igr t`o foc`ednceh systof dgnso cgdtrgh nd EDSN Stedberb S5:.9;–:;5;, [ert 5, Eddox E.5= :;55 @YEC Epphncetngds ES@ZEO @edbjggm, C`eptor 20, Dgnso edb Ynjretngd Cgdtrgh (wnt` orrete)= E@ZN Stedberb 00?–:;;0 gr e hgceh oqunvehodt igr prglocts hgcetob gutsnbo t`o _dntob Stetos.  Q`od t`o docossery foesuros ero temod, prgloct toefs wnhh foesuro t`o @YEC jecmargudb dgnso eccgrbnda tg t`o fodtngdob stedberbs w`od dg gccupedts ero prosodt, ehh t`o iurdns`ndas ero ndstehhob, edb t`o dgnsos irgf gt`or sgurcos ero fndnfnzob. Oxtorngr Dgnso< Nd sc`ggh prglocts t`et ero oxpgsob tg `na` dgnso hovohs‒poem-`gur Hoq ejgvo 9; bJE  burnda sc`ggh `gurs‒prgloct toefs s`guhb bosnad ecgustnc troetfodt edb gt`or

foesuros tg robuco t`o dgnso ndtrusngd irgf oxtorngr sgurcos edb cgdtrgh t`o sgudb tredsfnssngd jotwood chessrggfs edb gt`or cgro hoerdnda specos.  [rglocts t`et ero hgcetob et hoest gdo-`ehi fnho (0;; fotors) irgf edy snadnincedt dgnso sgurco, suc` es enrpgrts, ndbustry, `na`weys, otc., ero oxofpt irgf t`ns roqunrofodt. Ni t`oro ero dgnso-prgbucnda sgurcos hgcetob wnt`nd gdo-`ehi fnho (0;; fotors) gi t`o prgloct, t`o prgloct toefs s`guhb cgdbuct ecgustnc roebndas burnda dgrfeh sc`ggh `gurs. Ni t`o poem`gur Hoq ns ejgvo 9; bJE, t`o toef fust nfphofodt dgnso robuctngd foesuros. Eitor t`o docossery foesuros ero temod, t`o prgloct toefs fust eaend cgdbuct ecgustnc roebndas edb cgdinrf t`et t`o poem-`gur Hoq ns johgw 9; bJE.

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  Zovorjoretngd Rnfo< Rg ebbross rovorjoretngd tnfo, sc`ggh prglocts s`guhb foot t`o ighhgwnda roqunrofodts eccgrbnda tg t`onr chessrggf edb cgro hoerdnda speco snzo.  Igr chessrggfs edb cgro hoerdnda specos t`et ero hoss t`ed :;,;;; cujnc ioot (?99 cujnc fotors)<

[rgloct toefs s`guhb bosnad chessrggfs edb gt`or cgro hoerdnda specos wnt` suiincnodt sgudb-ejsgrptnvo indns`os edb cgfphy[ert wnt`5,t`o rovorjoretngd tnfo roqunrofodts spocninob nd EDSN Stedberb S5:.9;–:;5;, Ecgustnceh [origrfedco Crntorne, Bosnad Zoqunrofodts edb Aunbohndos igr Sc`gghs, gr e hgceh oqunvehodt igr prglocts gutsnbo t`o _dntob Stetos. [rgloct toefs s`guhb botorfndo t`o sgudb ejsgrptngd prgportnos gi t`o ejsgrptnvo fetornehs et ?;; @z, 5,;;; @z, edb :,;;; @z. Doxt, prgloct toefs s`guhb c`ggso edb pursuo gdo gi t`o ighhgwnda gptngds. 96=:93 JC

Cgdinrf t`et t`o tgteh surieco eroe gi ecgustnc wehh pedohs, conhnda indns`os, edb gt`or sgudb-ejsgrjodt indns`os oquehs gr oxcoobs t`o tgteh conhnda eroe gi t`o rggf. R`o ecgustnc fetornehs fust `evo dgnso robuctngd cgoiincnodts (DZCs) gi ;.1; gr `na`or nd grbor tg jo ndchubob nd t`ns cehcuhetngd. GZ

96=:93 IC 

Cgdinrf t`rgua` cehcuhetngds t`et rggfs ero bosnadob tg foot rovorjoretngd tnfo roqunrofodts es spocninob nd t`o EDSN Stedberb S5:.9;-:;5; stedberb. Zo vorjoretngd tnfo s`guhb jo vorninob et ?;; @z, 5,;;; @z, edb :,;;; @z. Igr chessrggfs edb cgro hoerdnda specos t`et ero oqueh tg gr jnaaor t`ed :;,;;; cujnc ioot (?99 cujnc fotors)<

[rgloct toefs s`guhb foot t`o rocgffodbob rovorjoretngd tnfos igr chessrggfs edb cgro hoerdnda specos es spocninob nd t`o DZC-CDZC Cgdstructngd Roc`dghgay _pbeto Dg. ?5, Ecgustnceh Bosnad gi Zggfs igr Spooc` (:;;:), gr e hgceh oqunvehodt igr prg locts gutsnbo t`o _dntob Stetos. Stetos. Zovorjoretngd tnfo s`guhb jo vorninob et ?;; @z, 5,;;; @z edb :,;;; @z. [roroqunsnto Oxcoptngds<

[rglocts wnt` e hnfntob scgpo gi wgrm gr prglocts t`et fust gjoy `nstgrnc prosorvetngd roqunrofodts fey jo cgdsnborob oxofpt irgf t`ns proroqunsnto„s roqunrofodts eccgrbnda tg AJCN„s

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cgdsnboretngds. R`ns proroqunsnto bgos dgt cgvor eubntgrnufs, detetgrnufs, fusnc porigrfedco specos, tohocgdiorodcnda rggfs, gr spocneh obucetngd rggfs. Nt gdhy cgvors chessrggfs edb cgro hoerdnda specos.

43B03#4? :3?991 0:1 >20 E=10=4[:4E K ZJ 6$(/+S Nd t`o foc`edncehhy vodtnhetob specos, prgloct toefs s`guhb cgfphy wnt` t`o ighhgwnda stret-

oanos es epphncejho< E. Odtrywey systofs= J. Ndtorngr crgss-cgdtefndetngd provodtngd= edb C. Inhtretngd. Nd t`o deturehhy vodtnhetob specos, prgloct toefs s`guhb epphy t`o ighhgwnda stretoanos< E. Odtrywey systofs= edb J. Detureh vodtnhetngd bosnad cehcuhetngds. Igr t`o fnxob-fgbo systofs, prgloct toefs s`guhb epphy t`o ighhgwnda stretoanos< E. Odtrywey systofs= J. Ndtorngr crgss-cgdtefndetngd provodtngd= C. Inhtretngd= B. Detureh vodtnhetngd bosnad cehcuhetngds= edb O. Fnxob-fgbo bosnad cehcuhetngds.

  Odtrywey systofs< _dbor t`ns stretoay, prglocts s`guhb ndstehh porfedodt odtrywey systofs et hoest 5; ioot (3 fotors) hgda nd t`o prnfery bnroctngd gi trevoh et t`o roauherhy usob oxtorngr odtredcos, nd grbor tg provodt bnrt edb pertncuhetos irgf roec`nda ndbggrs. Sgfo oxefpho odtrywey systofs fey jo arnhhos, aretos, shgttob systofs, edb rghhgut fets, gr edy gt`or odtrywey systof wnt` oqunvehodt gr jottor porigrfedco. Odtrywey systofs s`guhb jo fendtendob gd e woomhy jesns.

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‘HOOB JB+C< Qero`gusos edb Bnstrnjutngd Codtors‖ ero dgt roqunrob tg ndstehh odtrywey systofs et t`o bggrs hoebnda irgf t`o oxtorngr tg t`o hgebnda bgcm gr aereao. @gwovor, odtrywey systofs s`guhb jo ndstehhob jotwood t`oso specos edb eblecodt giinco specos. ‘HOOB JB+C< @oeht`cero‖ prglocts s`guhb ebbntngdehhy prgvnbo prossurnzob odtrywey vostnjuhos et t`o junhbnda odtredcos wnt` `na`-vghufo.

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  Ndtorngr crgss-cgdtefndetngd provodtngd< _dbor t`ns stretoay, prglocts s`guhb ox`eust specos t`et fey cgdtend `ezerbgus fetornehs gr c`ofncehs (eccgrbnda tg t`o ox`eust retos botorfndob nd t`o ‘Fndnfuf Ndbggr Enr Uuehnty [origrfedco‖ proroqunsnto gr e fndnfuf gi ;.? cif por squero iggt), nd grbor tg croeto doaetnvo prossuro wnt` rospoct tg t`o eblecodt specos w`od t`o bggrs tg t`o rggf ero chgsob. R`oso typos gi specos s`guhb ehsg cgdtend sohi-chgsnda bggrs edb bocm-tg-bocm pertntngd gr e `erb-hnb conhnda.

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  Inhtretngd < Oec` vodtnhetngd systof t`et supphnos gutbggr enr tg t`o gccupnob specos s`guhb cgdtend pertncho inhtors gr enr choednda bovncos t`et `es e FOZY retnda 53 gr `na`or , nd eccgrbedco  wnt` t`o ES@ZEO ?:.:-:;;1 , gr Chess I1 gr `na`or es boindob jy t`o COD stedberb OD 11>-:;;:, [ertncuheto Enr Inhtors igr Aodoreh Yodtnhetngd, Botorfndetngd gi t`o Inhtretngd [origrfedco. Ehh inhtors s`guhb jo rophecob eitor cgdstructngd edb joigro gccupedcy. Igr ‘HOOB JB+C< Bete Codtors‖, t`o fodtngdob roqunrofodt wnhh gdhy jo epphncejho tg t`o roau-

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herhy gccupnob specos.

  Detureh vodtnhetngd bosnad cehcuhetngds< _dbor t`ns stretoay, t`o detureh vodtnhetngd bosnad igr t`o gccupnob specos s`guhb ofphgy t`o epprgprneto stretoanos nd C`ertorob

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Ndstntutngd gi Junhbnda Sorvncos Odandoors Epphncetngds Fedueh EF5;, Ferc` :;;?, Detureh Yodtnhetngd nd Dgd-Bgfostnc Junhbndas, Soctngd :.2 .

  Fnxob-fgbo bosnad cehcuhetngds< R`o fnxob-fgbo systof bosnad igr t`o gccupnob specos s`guhb cgfphy wnt` CNJSO Epphncetngds Fedueh 53-:;;;, Fnxob Fgbo Yodtnhetngd. 

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EDB/GZ

96=:93 IC 0??:=:930< 43B03#4? :0> E=10=4[:4E K ZJ 6$(/+S Igr t`o foc`edncehhy vodtnhetob specos, prgloct toefs s`guhb cgfphy wnt` gdo gi t`o ighhgw-

nda stretoanos< E. Oxtorngr cgdtefndetngd provodtngd= J. Ndcroesob vodtnhetngd= C. Cerjgd bngxnbo fgdntgrnda= gr B. Ebbntngdeh sgurco cgdtrgh edb fgdntgrnda.

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Igr t`o deturehhy vodtnhetob specos, prgloct toefs s`guhb cgfphy wnt` gdo gi t`o ighhgwnda stretoanos< E. Oxtorngr cgdtefndetngd provodtngd= J. Ebbntngdeh sgurco cgdtrgh edb fgdntgrnda= gr C. Detureh vodtnhetngd rggf jy rggf cehcuhetngds. Igr anos;%, jy  vghufo, s`guhb cgfphy Ndtorngr pendts edb cgetndas epphnob gd-snto

Ofnssngds edb cgdtodt roqunrofodts

R`ros`ghb

wnt` ‘aodoreh ofnssngds ovehuetngd‖= 5;;% s`guhb cgfphy wnt` YGC cgdtodt roqunrofodts

Et hoest >;%, jy  vghufo, s`guhb cgfphy Ndtorngr eb`osnvos edb wnt` ‘aodoreh soehedts epphnob gd ofnssngds ovehuetngd‖= snto (ndchubnda ihggr5;;% s`guhb cgfphy nda eb`osnvo)

  ‘Aodoreh ofnssngds ovehuetngd‖ igr pendts edb cgetndas

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epphnob tg wehhs, ihggrs, edb conhndas !  YGC cgdtodt roqunrofodts igr wot-epphnob prgbucts

  ‘Aodoreh ofnssngds ovehuetngd‖

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  YGC cgdtodt roqunrofodts igr wot-epphnob prgbucts

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wnt` YGC cgdtodt roqunrofodts Ihggrnda

5;;% s`guhb cgfphy

‘Aodoreh Ofnssngds Ovehuetngd‖

Cgfpgsnto wggb

5;;% dgt cgvorob jy gt`or cetoagrnos, s`guhb cgfphy

‘Cgfpgsnto wggb ovehuetngd‖

5;;% s`guhb cgfphy

  ‘Aodoreh ofnssngds ovehuetngd‖ !  ‘Ebbntngdeh ndsuhetngd roqunrofodts‖ (igr HOOB JB+C< @oeht`cero edb Sc`gghs gdhy) !

Conhndas, wehhs, t`orfeh, edb ecgustnc ndsuhetngd

Iurdnturo (ndchubo nd Et hoest >;%, jy cgst, cehcuhetngds ni pert gi s`guhb cgfphy scgpo gi wgrm) @oeht`cero edb Sc`gghs Et hoest >;%, jy gdhy< Oxtorngr epphnob  vghufo, s`guhb cgfphy prgbucts

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‘Iurdnturo ovehuetngd‖

‘Oxtorngr epphnob prgbucts‖

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Ighhgwnda ero t`o ofnssngd edb cgdtodt roqunrofodts spocninob gd t`o provngus tejho. "  Aodoreh ofnssngds ovehuetngd< R`ns crntorngd roqunros prgbucts tg jo tostob edb botorfndob cgfphnedt nd eccgrbedco wnt` t`o Cehnigrdne Bopertfodt gi [ujhnc @oeht` (CB[@) Stedberb Fot`gb v5.5-:;5;. "  YGC cgdtodt roqunrofodts igr wot-epphnob prgbucts< Qot-epphnob prgbucts fust foot t`o provngus ‘Aodoreh ofnssngds ovehuetngd‖ roqunrofodts edb ebbntngdehhy foot t`o epphncejho hnfnts gi t`o Cehnigrdne Enr Zosgurcos Jgerb (CEZJ) :;;1, Suaaostob Cgdtrgh Foesuro igr Erc`ntoctureh Cgetndas, gr t`o Sgut` Cgest Enr Uuehnty Fedeaofodt Bnstrnct (SCEUFB) Zuho 5553. "  Cgfpgsnto wggb ovehuetngd< Cgfpgsnto wggb prgbucts s`guhb `evo hgw igrfehbo`ybo ofnssngds edb fust foot t`o Cehnigrdne Enr Zosgurcos Jgerb igrfehbo`ybo roqunrofodts. "  Iurdnturo ovehuetngd< Dow iurdnturo edb iurdns`ndas ntofs s`guhb jo tostob eccgrbnda tg t`o EDSN/JNIFE Stedberb Fot`gb F1.5-:;55, edb foot t`o EDSN/JNIFE o3-:;55 Iurdnturo Sustendejnhnty Stedberb Soctngds 1.9.5 edb 1.9.:. "  Ebbntngdeh ndsuhetngd roqunrofodts (igr HOOB JB+C< @oeht`cero edb Sc`ggh gdhy)< Jett ndsuhetngd s`guhb dgt cgdtend igrfehbo`ybo. "  Oxtorngr epphnob prgbucts (igr HOOB JB+C< @oeht`cero edb Sc`ggh gdhy)< Soehedts, eb`osnvos, rgginda, cgetndas, edb wetorprgginda fetornehs epphnob gd-snto s`guhb s`guh b foot t`o YGC hnfnts gi Cehnigrdne Enr Zosgurcos Jgerb :;;1 Suaaostob Cgdtrgh Foesuro igr Erc`ntoctureh Cgetndas edb Sgut` Cgest Enr Uuehnty Fedeaofodt Bnstrnct, Zuho 5590. GZ

96=:93 IC D2?[4= #0–:;;:, [ertncuheto Enr Inhtors igr Aodoreh Yodtnhetngd, Botorfndetngd gi t`o Inhtretngd [origrfedco). Nffobnetohy prgloct toefs s`guhb ropheco ehh inhtretngd fobne wnt` t`o indeh joigro bosnad gccupedcy, inhtretngd fobne. "  YGCs< [rgloct toefs s`guhb temo ehh docossery foesuros tg fndnfnzo oxpgsuro gi ejsgrjodt fetornehs tg YGC ofnssngds. [rgloct toefs s`guhb cgfphoto pendtnda edb soehnda joigro ndstehhnda t`o dgdofnttnda fetornehs sg t`et t`gso fetornehs wnhh dgt eccufuheto cgdtefndedts. Iuohs, sghvodts, edb gt`or sgurcos gi YGCs s`guhb jo stgrob soperetohy irgf t`o ejsgrjodt fetornehs. "  Gutbggr ofnssngds< Igr rodgvetngd prglocts ndvghvnda wetorprgginda, ropenrnda esp`eht rgginda, soehnda permnda hgts, gr gt`or gutbggr ectnvntnos t`et aodoreto `na` YGC ofnssngds, prgloct toefs s`guhb bovohgp e phed tg fedeao iufos edb evgnb ndinhtretngd tg t`o gccupnob specos. [rgloct toefs s`guhb cgfphy wnt` t`o prgcoburos ostejhns`ob jy DNGS@, Esp`eht Iufo Oxpgsuros burnda t`o Epphncetngd gi @gt Esp`eht tg Zggis ([ujhncetngd :;;3–55:). "  Rgjeccg< Burnda cgdstructngd, prgloct toefs s`guhb prg`njnt t`o uso gi tgjeccg prgbucts ndsnbo t`o junhbnda edb wnt`nd :? ioot (1.? fotors) gi t`o junhbnda odtredco. "  Dgnso edb vnjretngd< [rgloct toefs s`guhb bovohgp e phed jesob gd t`o Jrntns` Stedberb (JS ?::0) tg robuco dgnso ofnssngds edb vnjretngds irgf cgdstructngd oqunpfodt edb gt`or dgdrgeb odando, jy spocniynda hgw-dgnso ofnssngd bosnad gr t`o hgwost bocnjoh hovoh evenhejho t`et foots porigrfedco roqunrofodts nd t`o Jrntns` Stedberb. Cgdstructngd crows fust woer oer prgtoctngd nd eroes w`oro sgudb hovohs oxcoob 0? bJ igr oxtodbob porngbs. "  Ndioctngd cgdtrgh< Igr rodgvetngds edb ebbntngds eblecodt tg gccupnob iecnhntnos gr igr

p`esob gccupedcy nd dow cgdstructngd, prgloct toefs s`guhb ighhgw t`o IAN :;5; Aunbohndos igr Bosnad edb Cgdstructngd gi @oeht` Cero Iecnhntnos edb t`o Lgndt Cgffnssngd gd Stedberbs tg ovehueto ndioctngd cgdtrgh rnsm. Eitor t`o ovehuetngd, t`o roqunrob proceutngds s`guhb jo bgcufodtob nd e prgloct-spocninc phed. [rglocts s`guhb uso t`o ndioctngd cgdtrgh rnsm essossfodt stedberb pujhns`ob jy t`o Efornced Sgcnoty igr @oeht`cero Odandoornda edb t`o Codtors igr Bnsoeso Cgdtrgh edb [rovodtngd  (CBC) es e aunbohndo tg ovehueto rnsm edb tg temo docossery fntnaetngd foesuros burnda cgdstructngd.

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:3?991 0:1 >20; gi ndbnvnbueh gccupedt specos nd steii eroes. Igr et hoest >; gi petnodt pgsntngds, prglocts s`guhb prgvnbo hna`tnda cgdtrghs t`et ero roebnhy eccossnjho irgf t`o petnodt„s job. Nd t`o fuhtngccupedt petnodt specos, t`o cgdtrghs fust jo ndbnvnbueh hna`tnda cgdtrghs. Nd prnveto rggfs, prgloct toefs s`guhb ebbntngdehhy prgvnbo oxtorngr wndbgw s`ebos, jhndbs, gr curtend cgdtrghs t`et ero roebnhy eccossnjho irgf t`o petnodt„s job. Nd ehh t`o s`erob fuhtngccupedt fuh tngccupedt specos (dgt t`o fuhtngccupedt petnodt specos), prglocts s`guhb prgvnbo fuhtnzgdo cgdtrgh systofs t`et odejho gccupedts tg eblust t`o hna`tnda tg foot argup doobs edb proiorodcos, wnt` et hoest t`roo hna`tnda hovohs gr scodos (gd, gii, fnbhovoh). Eaend, t`o fnbhovoh s`guhb jo jotwood 3;% edb 1;% gi t`o fexnfuf nhhufndetngd hovoh (beyhna`t cgdtrnjutngds ero dgt ndchubob). ! #$%&'()*+,- #$/+,/+;

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