Hydroelectric Power Plants in the Philippine 1

Hydroelectric Power Plants in the Philippines There are many hydro electric power plants in the Philippines dispersedly located in the various areas in the countrysides of Luzon Visayas and Mindanao. Almost all of the large hydro electric plants, which ranged from over 50 MW, are connected to the main transmission grid, while most of small (10 MW to 50 MW) and mini (101 kW to 10 MW) hydro plants are embedded to the local distribution system. Below is a list of hydroelectric plants in the Philippines. Almost all of the large hydro plants are completely enumerated while some mini-hydro plants are not yet listed;

Plant Name

Location

Capacity Date Current Owner Remarks (MW) Commissioned

Large Hydro Luzon SN-Aboitiz Power NPC Luzon Hydro Corp SN-Aboitiz Power

Ambuklao

Benguet

75

Angat

Bulacan

246

Bakun

Ilocos Sur

70

Binga

Benguet

100

Casecnan

Nueva Ecija

140

CalEnergy

Kalayaan

Laguna

684.6

Jpower & Sumitomo

Magat

Isabela

360

Pantabangan

Nueva Ecija

100

San Roque

Pangasinan

340

Marubeni/Sithe

80

NPC

1992-94

180

NPC

1979

158.1 NPC

1985

SN-Aboitiz Power First Gen Hydro Power Corp

1956

1967 - 1993 Dam Type Run - off / 2001 NPC-IPP 1960

Agus 2 Agus 4 Agus 5 Agus 6 Agus 7

Lanao del Sur Lanao del Sur Lanao del Norte Iligan City Iligan City Iligan City

55 200 54

NPC NPC NPC

Dam Type

Run - off / NPC-IPP Pump 1982 / 2002Storage/NPC2004 IPP 2001

1983

Dam type

1977

Dam Type

2003

Dam type / NPC-IPP

Mindanao Agus 1

decomissioned

1985 1953-77 1982-83

Plant Name Pulangi IV

Capacity Date Current Owner Remarks (MW) Commissioned Bukidnon 255 NPC 1985-86 Dam Type Location

Small Hydro/Minihydro Luzon Caliraya

Laguna

22.6

Botocan

Laguna

20.8

Masiway

Nueva Eciya

12

Baligatan

Isabela

6

Barit

Camarines Sur

Palakpakin Balugbog

Laguna Laguna

Cawayan

Sorsogon

Kalibato Magat A Magat B

Laguna Isabela Isabela

Jpower & Sumitomo Jpower & Sumitomo First Gen Hydro Power Corp NIA

People's 1.8 Energy Services 0.56 Philpodeco 0.55 Philpodeco Sorsogon 0.4 Electric Cooperative II 0.075 Philpodeco 1.44 ISELCO 1.08 ISELCO

1942-50/ 2002 NPC - IPP 1946-48/ 2003 NPC - IPP 1980

Dam Type

1987

Feeding from Magat

1957 1933-38 1933-38 2002 1933-38 1984 1985

Run-off river Run-off river

Visayas Loboc

Bohol

1.2

Sta. Clara International Corporation

Amlan

Negros Oriental

0.8

NPC

1957-67 1962

Mindanao Bubunawan

Bukidnon

7

Talomo

Davao City

3.5

Agusan

Bukidnon

1.6

Bubunawan Power Company Hydro Electric Development Corp First Gen Bukidnon

2001

offtaker: CEPALCO

1998 1957

Run-off

Plant Name

Location

Capacity Date Current Owner Remarks (MW) Commissioned Power Corp

Geothermal Power Plants in the Philippines Plant Name Location

Owner/ Operator

Rated Date Steam Capacity Commi- Remarks Supplier (MW*) ssioned

Luzon Makban Plant Bitin, Laguna NPC A Makban Plant Bitin, Laguna B Makban Plant Bitin, Laguna C Makban Plant Bitin, Laguna D Makban Plant Bitin, Laguna E

Chevron 110

1979

NPC

Chevron 110

1980

NPC

Chevron 110

1984

NPC

Chevron 40

1995

NPC

Chevron 40

1996

Tiwi A

Tiwi, Albay

NPC

Chevron 110

1979

Tiwi B

Tiwi, Albay

NPC

Chevron 110

1980

Tiwi C

Tiwi, Albay

NPC

Chevron 110

1981-82

Bacman A

Bacon, Sorsogon

NPC

PNOCEDC

110

1993

BacMan (Cawayan)

Bacon, Sorsogon

NPC

PNOCEDC

20

1994

Bacman (Bacon)

Bacon, Sorsogon

NPC

PNOCEDC

20

1998

Valencia, Palinpinon I Negros Oriental

NPC

PNOCEDC

112.5

1983

Valencia, Palinpinon 2 Negros Oriental

NPC

PNOCEDC

80

1993-95

Northern Negros

PNOC-EDC

PNOCEDC

49

2007

On prolonged shutdown

decommissioned

Visayas

Negros Occidental

On rehabilitation

Plant Name Location

Owner/ Operator

Rated Date Steam Capacity Commi- Remarks Supplier (MW*) ssioned

Leyte A & B

Tongonan, Leyte

PNOC-EDC

PNOCEDC

610.18

1996

Leyte Tonginan

Kananga, Leyte

NPC

PNOCEDC

112.5

1983

NPC-IPP

Mindanao Mt Apo I

Kidapawan, Marubeni PNOCN. Cotabato Corporation EDC

54.24

1996

NPC-IPP

At Apo II

Kidapawan, Marubeni PNOCN. Cotabato Corporation EDC

54.24

1999

NPC-IPP

* For most cases, specially for old NPC Plants, rated capacity is not equivalent to the actual dependable capacity of the plants

Coal-Fired Power Plants in the Philippines Although Philippines has a lot of indigenous and clean energy resources, the country is still reliant on “high CO2-emitting” coal-fueled power plants as a source of electricity; simply because electricity generated from these plants is still cheaper compared to some of the indigenously fueled power plants in the country. The price of indigenous energy sources in the Philippines is high due to either or all of the following reasons; - indigenous energy sources in the Philippines, like geothermal and natural gas, are heavily taxed by the Government - The prices of some indigenous energy sources are indexed to imported fuels. The cost of the geothermal steam of Tiwi and Makban, for example is indexed to imported coal, therefore, the electricity generated by these geothermal plants and coal plants do not have much difference. - Some Hydroelectric Independent Power Producers like Casecnan Hydro Electric Power Plant sell there electricity at incredibly high price due to the Plant’s expensive construction cost. Coal that is used for the coal-fired power plants in the Philippines is either imported or sourced locally (in Semirara). Below is the list of Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plants in The Philippines;

Plant Name

Installed Capacity Owner (MW)

Technology

Year Location Comm.

Remarks

Luzon Sual Coal Power Plant

1294

Masinloc Coal 600 Power Plant

TEAM Energy

Pulverized 1999 Coal

consortium of Masinloc Power Partners Co. Pulverized 1998 Ltd. and Coal Singaporebased AES Transpower

NPC-IPP / Sual, Formerly Pangasinan owned by Mirant

Masinloc, Zambales

Pte Ltd

Qezon Power 511 Plant, Ltd.

Consortium of InterGen, Ogden Energy, Group Global Pulverized 2000 Power, Coal Investments and PMR Limited

Mauban, Quezon

MERALCO IPP

Pagbilao, Quezon

NPC-IPP / Formerly owned by Mirant

Pagbilao Coal 728 Power Plant

TEAM Energy

Pulverized 1996 Coal

Calaca 1 and 2 600

NPC

Pulverized 1984 / Calaca, Coal 1995 Batangas

50

APEC

Circulating Fluidized 2006 Bed

Mabalacat, Pampanga

88.8

??

???

Toledo City, Cebu

APEC

Visayas Toledo

Cebu Thermal 109.3 Power Plant

1993

NPC but Pulverized operated by 1981 Coal Salcon Power

Naga, Cebu

Mindanao Mindanao Coal 232 Plant

STEAG

Pulverized 2006 Coal

Villanueva, Misamis NPC - IPP Oriental

Biomass

In November 2008, Global Green Power Co., an affiliate of Aboitiz Power Co., presented a two hundred million dollars plan to construct five 17.5 MW class biomass power stations and totally 87.5 MW capacity power generation facilities would be installed. Of the five, two plans were disclosed in June 2009, namely; 1.

Mina,IIoilo(construction cost :1.951 billion pesos)

2. San Leonardo,Nueva Ecija(construction cost:2.002 billion p 3. ( 1 peso = 1.98 yen )

Each power plant will consume everyday 400～500 ton of biomass materials such as rice chaff, rice straw, corn straw, empty shells of palm, strained lees of corn. These two power plants will be put into regular service in January 2011, operated by 140 employees. In addition, Sure Eco Energy Philippines Co. has presented a plan to construct power stations, with capital sharing from a Japanese business, to be operated on agricultural by-products at four locations as shown below: 3. San-Pedro, Laguna： 250MW 4. San Jose, Lipa city： 250MW 5. Natividad, Nueva Ecija： 60MW 6. San Vicente, Sumilao Bukidnon： 950MW Consequently, Philippine’s biomass power generation capacity has grown up to 1,595.5 MW, excluding small-scale power stations, and the amount of agricultural by-products to be burnt in the power plants will be 13 million ton annually.

Biogas Popular Biogas Systems

CFD (6+ Million in use)

IFC (2.9+ Million in use) The design of most biogas systems can be traced to either the China Fixed Dome (CFD) 6+ million inuse or the India Floating Cover (IFC) 2.9+ million in-use.

The Philippine BioDigester Home Biogas System

Philippine BioDigester HBS [1] The Philippine BioDigester Home Biogas System (HBS) [2] is a product of both designs. It is: 1. Easier to build 2. Less expensive, and 3. Simpler to operate and maintain (clean & repair) It can be built as a :  

Do-It-Yourself (DIY) project where expert masonry skills are not required using common and inexpensive materials available anywhere.

Biogas production from pig manure where 1-2 pigs excrete 1L (L=liter) 1. 20L/day = 250 Pesos[3] biogas/month 2. 40L/day = 500 Pesos[3] biogas/month 3. 60L/day = 750 Pesos[3] biogas/month The plan described here is for an 8 cubic meter digester. It can produce up to 1,000 Pesos[3]/month of biogas from 80L/day of pig manure.

Wind Energy

Wind is generated as the fluid and gaseous parts of the atmosphere move across the surface of the earth due to the ever changing temperatures of the oceans, land masses and other features heated by the rays of the sun. The differences in the way these areas are heated allow for the variance in the amount of wind experienced by various locales. The seas and land masses heat up and cool down in different rates so the wind is pretty strong in areas where these two geographical features meet. Despite the abundance of interface between shores and seas in the country – we do have over 7,000 islands – the effort to harness the power of the wind isn’t that popular as far as the government’s priorities are concerned. This sort of ambivalence towards the relative gains that could be gotten through the creation of wind farms is largely apparent in the entire continent of Asia. Other than China, India and Japan who are among leaders when it comes to the construction of wind farms and consumption of clean energy coming from the wind turbines, the rest of Asia lags as far as advocacy for this type of technology is concerned. Enter Bangui The town of Bangui in Ilocos Norte is one of the few shining examples in the region that wind power could be used to provide affordable and clean energy for a vast chunk of a province’s population and industry. Bangui is a fourth-class municipality in one of the northernmost provinces in the Luzon landmass. It has a fairly small population of just a little over 14 ,000 and has a good stretch of coastline that serves as the home of the first wind turbine farm in the Philippines. Bangui was picked from many other regions in the Philippines through a geological and meteorological survey done by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) when they conducted research to screen out for potential places in the country that could serve as good. There were other areas in the country that were deemedsuitable for the installation of wind farms. The other areas on the list included certain parts of the islands ofMindoro, Samar, Leyte, Panay, Negros, Cebu, Palawan and Eastern Mindanao.

Solar Energy Solar energy in the Philippines People in Pangan-an Island, Cebu, Philippines, enjoy 24-hour electricity service from a centralised solar photovoltaic (PV) system donated by the Kingdom of Belgium. This power plant consists of 504 PV panels, a battery bank with 118 storage batteries, a charge controller, and 2 inverters made in Germany. The solar power plant has been operating since December 1998, supplying 230 Volt (V) Alternating Current (AC) electricity to around 200 households. The Panganan residents use electricity for lighting, radio and TV sets. The sustainability of this power system is questionable, however. The batteries need to be replaced in the next two years, which will cost the community $ 100,000. So far, they have only saved around $ 13,700 over the last 7 years. At the rate of savings from their monthly collection, they would not be able to raise the amount needed to replace the batteries. This illustrates that components for PV systems are still very expensive, particularly for people living in rural areas. Limited capacities Misunderstanding is rampant among solar energy users. For instance, in a solar home system, many people think that the most critical component is the PV module. In reality, the heart of the system is the battery, which stores energy. Being unaware of this fact, they tend to over-use the battery, which reduces its operating life. Another problem is that people often think that solar electricity is the same as electricity from electric utilities, where you can use all types of home appliances. They imagine that a 100-Watt PV can supply 100 Watt of power at anytime. The truth is that solar power is limited by the capacity of the PV panels, available sunshine hours per day and battery storage capacity. Since solar PV depends on

sunlight (irradiance), PV panels will generate less power to recharge the battery in rainy or cloudy weather. Subsidies required In Pangan-an, people are willing and able to pay only around $ 2 a month for electricity, which is roughly the same cost if people buy kerosene to fuel one or two lamps. Residents are primarily dependent on fishing and generally have low incomes. Thus, the money collected would not be enough for maintenance and replacement of critical components, such as the battery. Consequently, for this type of project, subsidies from the Government or from other sources are still required in order to sustain operation. Important load management As experienced in Pangan-an Island, maintaining a solar PV system is not easy. High-level technical knowledge is required to maintain such a system properly. The battery, for instance, needs to be topped up or recharged regularly. However, recovering its charge, once discharged, depends on the weather. Load management is thus extremely important. A solar power plant, which has a limited PV installed capacity, can only generate a specific amount of power per day, depending on solar irradiation or intensity of sunlight. On a rainy or cloudy day, PV panels generate less power, thus less charging current goes to the storage battery. Conversely, on a hot summer's day, the irradiation could be high, causing the PV to deliver more current to the battery. When it is cloudy or raining, people should be advised to conserve energy stored in the battery by limiting their use of appliances. Rare spare parts Spare parts, especially for large centralised systems, are quite difficult to find. When an inverter card is damaged, for example, it needs to be sent back to Europe for repair. There is practically no way to find a local supplier for critical components.

Hydroelectric Power Plants in the Philippines

Geothermal Power Plants in the Philippines

Biomass

Biogas

Coal-Fired Power Plants in the Philippines

Wind Energy

Solar Energy