Hungarian Selftaught
February 5, 2017 | Author: bearinghu | Category: N/A
Short Description
learn hungarian...
Description
1910
WITH
[ONETic Pronunciation
Count de
'
Y^'A^iijMMMi'l'^''.-i^M^M
v^fMnsMnenan
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
The tine
original of
tliis
bool<
is in
Cornell University Library.
There are no known copyright
restrictions in
the United States on the use of the
text.
http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924087840678
.
Marlborough's Sclf-Taught Scries
l)unaariati
Self'CaugDt by the Natural Method WITH
Phonetic
Pronunciation
BY
The
COUNT
de
SOISSONS
Revised by
Mrs.
ILONA DE GYORY GINEVER THIRD EDITION PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN
London Publishers
:
E.
MARLBOROUGH
Philadelphia
Co. Ltd.
:
DAVID McKAY COMPANY, 604-608,
&
Publishers,
South Washington Square.
X-
,.v^
PREFACE. J'HE
publication of Hungarian Self-Taucjht marks the inclusion new group of languages in the " Self- Taught Series," Hungarian being akin to the languages of the Finns, Lapps, and certain tribes in Russia and Siberia, whilst standing quite apart from the Latin, German, Scandinavian and other groups. of a
The main purpose of this manual is to facilitate the speedy acquisition of a working and practical knowledge of Hungarian, as far as possible without the usual long and tedious operation of mastering the Grammar, which many persons find it impracticable or distasteful to undertake, to whom, nevertheless, some acquaintance with the spoken tongue is necessary, or at least advantageous, for the purposes of commerce or of travel and pleasure.
The book chiefly consists, therefore, of alargenumber of comprehensive Vocabularies, and collections of idiomatic Conversational Fhiases and Sentences, such as are required for every-day use, carefully selected and classified according to subject. The words in each vocabulary are placed in alphabetical order, and there are cross-references between the vocabularies and the corresponding groups of sentences. The matter is arranged in three columns, viz., first the English words or sentences, then the Hungarian translation, and third, the phonetic pronunciation of the Hungarian words. In the conversations the aim has been to give the colloquial equivalent in Hungarian, rather than the literal translation of
The pronunciation given in the third column is the English. This in accordance with Marlborough's system of phonetics. system is the outcome of long experience, and is of so simple a nature that it enables anyone who knows English, however strange to the Hungarian language, to read off the words at a glance, and easUy make himself understood amongst Hungarians, with the minimum of trouble in mastering the system.
The first section of the book, deahng with the Alphabet and pronunciation, provides the scheme of nhonetics adopted in thiy
volume, and in the introductory paragraphs thereto the prinupon which the scheme is based are explained, and particular attention is drawn to the phonetic signs employed to represent the few sounds which are more or less unfamiliar to the English ear. ciples
For the benefit of students and others who desire to become more closely acquainted with Hungarian, a very full outline of the Grammar is added, followed by a section on Etymology, and thus the way is opened to the thorough study and mastery of the language.
To commercial men, tourists, travellers, students, and aU who desire to enter into communication with the Hungarians, this work will prove a useful and valuable handbook of the language. Students wiU, moreover, find that the book forms an easy introduction to a language which has a quaint beauty of its own, and possesses a remarkable literature, rich especially in heroic poetry.
SOISSONS. London, 1910
CONTENTS. Page
The
AiiPhabet, vrith Phonetic Pronunciation
PBBmMiNABY NoTKS — Pronunciation,
Accents,
Prolongation of the Vowels
7
Vowels,
9
—
VooABULABms Pages H-66. Amusements Animals, Vegetables, etc. Animals, Birds and Fishes Fruits, Trees, Flowers and Vegetables
39
:
BeptUes and Insects Oolouxs
Oommercial and Trading Terms Cooking and Eating Utensils Oorrespondenoe Countries and Nations Cycling House and Furniture Legal Terms Mankind: Belations Eimian Body, The Dress and the Toilet
Food and Drink Health Physical and Mental Powers, Qualities, etc
—
Numbers
Cardinal, Ordinal, Collective Parts of Speech Adjectives Adverbs, Conjunctions and Prepositions
Verbs Photography Post-office,
Telegraph and Telephone
Professions and Trades Beligion
Times, Seasons and Holidays Town and Country Travelling Travelling by Ship Washing List
World and its Elements, The Land and Water Minerals and Metals
14 17 16 19 49 31 63 38 42 34 47 23 25 31 29 28 26 53-55 55-66 55 63 59 44 52 46 45 19 22 36 37 33 11
12 18
CONTENTS
—Pages 67-82.
BLEMENTABy Gbammab The Adjective
—
Adverb Article
Conjunction
J2 °; oj |* °^ 69
Interjection
Postposition Pronovin Substantive
"j}
Verb
"^ 73
Btymolooy
83
modbs of addbe8s
84
OoKYEBSATioiiAii Phbasbb AND Sehtences
Amusements
...
...
...
...
—Pages 85-110. ...
...
Commercial and Trading Correspondence Cycling Enquiries Expressions, Idiomatic, Useful and Necessary Expressions of Emotion
Health Legal and Judicial Phrases Meals: Breakfast, Dinner and Tea Money Changing Photography Post, Telegraph and Telephone
—
Beligion
Shopping Dressmaker
Shoemaker Laundress Time of Day, The Times, Seasons and Weather Tovra, In Travelling Arrival
100 109 107 101 87 8S 87 95 ... 108 92-91 110 102 106 103 97 98 98 99 104 105 95
>••
:
91 110 91 92 88 88 90 85
Changing Money Custom House, At the Hotel Notices
Railway Steamboat Useful and Necessary Expressions M.ONBT, Hungarian, with English and American values English and American, reduced to Hungarian „
WEiaHTB AKD MeASIJEBS POBTAL BAXBS
...
... ...
Ill Ill
HI „.
m
118
HUNGARIAN SELF-TAUGHT. T^e Alphabet, with Phonetic
Pronunciation.
The principle on which Marlborough's system of phonetics is based may be stated briefly as " One sign, one sound," and conversely " One sound, one sign." The student should constantly bear this principle in mind, and pronounce each of the phonetics employed in this volume always in the same manner. Attention is particularly drawn, therefore, to the phonetic use of a, e, i, and o, which, in the third column throughout the Vocabularies and Conversations, represent the short vowel sounds in at, et, it, ot, respectively. Other phonetic signs to be noted are fir and er (short and long respectively), 66, eu, iu, and zh. The Hungarian language has the following
iy,
a
.
. .
in (ah) like a (forrkosh), wolf
watch
or
o
in
nsed.
not :^-farkas
o
A, A
...
B, b
...
ledny (\e-a,hny*), girl a in/ar ablak (oblok), window (beh) as in English
C,
...
(tseh) like
D, d E, 8 6, 6
...
(deh) as in English
...
F,
...
(ah) like
:
:
ts
in
its
citrom (tsitrom),
:
lemon
ddrda (dahrrdo*), spear
:
G, g
...
— nem (nam), no ain/ato: —p^« (pehnz), money (eh) tree as in English :—> (geh) g in gag —gorbe (gherrbe*), crooked
f
...
:
Pbonetior
Name and English Fronnnciation.
Cliaraeters.
A,
single letters
(eh) like a in bad\:
...
like
...
ah b
...
to
...
...
d
...
a or e
...
eh
(fo*),
(ef)
like
:
home
H, h
...
(hah) like h in
I,
i
...
(ee) like t in jBitcA:
L,
1
. . .
(ee) like » in TJiflKJ^iwe
f ...
hdborH, (hahborroo), war...
:
—
(ig-o*)
i^ra :
—
ii;
(eev),
yoke arch
g,
gh h i
...
...
ee
h^a (hehyo), hawk ... (yeh) like y -.—jd (yoh), good y Fiononnoe a, e, i, and o alwazb as if foUowed by a oonsonant iu the same syllable. (See third paragraph above.) in bed, especially in the case of words iu which t f Sometimes like e ooours more than once e.g. engem (pronounced angem). J,
;
j
*
;
Fboaetioa
Name and Bnglleh Fronnnelatlon. K, k ... (kah) as in English katona (kotono*), soldier... L, 1 ... (ehl) as in English: liba (Ub-o*), goose ... M, m... (em) as in English malom (molom), mill nlni (nehni), elder sister ... N, n ... (en) as in English ... oAios (okosh), prudent (oh) like in /ojt 0, o Characters.
used.
k
:
1
m
:
n
:
6, 6 0, 6
—
:
. . .
(oh) like o in goal
...
(oh) like ea in earth (short), or eu in the
nevf:
—oreg
:
(Srreg), old
...
P, p
...
E, r
...
S,
s
...
T,
t ... (teh)
(oh)
like
6,
.•
U, U, U,
...
...
o
oh
...
...
French
...
...
but longer, i.e. like u in fur, oeu in ioV (berr), skin ... ... the French s(Bw pdma (pahrno), cushion ... (peh) as in English (ehr) like rr in barren; must always be clearly sounded: riite (ritko), rare ... ... ...
0, 6
U, u
6ra (ohrro), hour
...
—
tSr
ter
:
—
(ash) like sh in shoe:
as in English
u in
—
sas (shosh), eagle
tudni (t66dni*), to
:
...
...
know
p r,
rr
sh
...
t
...
66
(oo) like
:—futni (f66tni), to run oo in food: nit (root), ugly ...
...
oo
(eu) like
u in the 'French
...
|en
...
(oo) like
li ...
ii ... tt ...
(eu)
bull
—
juste
—fiil
like
u in duty (very
the French morwe ;
(tiuz), fire
sometimes
—1&
vdmi
(feul), ear soft),
or eu in
...
V, V
...
(veh) as in English
X, X
...
(iks)
Y, y
...
(eepseelon) as in English: only occurs in
Z, z
...
(zeh) as in
:
(vahrni), to wait
as in English (not usual in Hungarian) xylograph (xylogrof) ... ... ...
English
:
—
serae
(zan-a*),
:
...
iu
...
v
— ...
x
names
y
...
z
music
Besides single letters Hungarian has some double ones, each of which, however, represents a single sound and cannot be divided in pronunciation or spelling :
Cs
...
(cheh) like chin church:
Cz§... (tseh-zeh) like
Ds Gy
...
ts
— —
in ifs;
(jeh) like^' in joke:
wonder aim cup ...
csutia (ch66do),
ch or tch
C2^Z (tsehl),
—findsa
(finjo),
ts ...
j
(dyey) like d in dew (very soft) gyiiru (di/iuriu), ring dy [There is a y sound added to the d sound, as in the dy in Goodyear or Budya/rd, and the di in adieu pronounced as in Prance.] • See footnote on preceding page, f Pronounce gr and er as er in over and herb respectively, without sounding the r. J Form the lips as for whistling and pronounce eu as one sound. § Cz is now very largely replaced by 0, the pronunciation being the same. This spelling is adopted throughout this book. . .
.
:
9 ™.
Phonetics
,
Mune and English Pronnnoiatlon. Ly ... (ehl-eepseelon) like y in you: ilyen (iyen), such ... Ny... (ain) something like ny in Bunyan, or like gne in the French campagne nyM (nyool), hare ... ... Sz ... (ass) like sin servant: szem (sam), eye ... ... ouuraoters.
—
— —
Ty * Zs ...
. . .
(tyeh) like t-y in
—
noCyou
(zseh) like « in azure:
Dzs...(jeh) likejin^o/te;
—
tyiik (tyook) ,
hen
...
(jido),
y, y'
ny s,
ss
ty
zh
zsir (zhirr), lard
— dasida
used.
spear
j
PEELIMINAEY NOTES.
—
Pronunciation. The Hungarian language requires clear and distinct articulation ; two consonants (whether single or double), coming together, must each be distinctly sounded. If ,; follows ny, ty, it is pronounced as if the « or t were doubled, nny,
tty,
as anyja (on-nyo) his mother, atyja
(ot-tyo)
his father.
When and a fork
a consonant
slight stress
is
doubled
must be
laid
it must be pronounced doubly, on the first syllable e.g. mlla, ;
szappan, soap. One must be careful to make a difference in pronouncing long and short vowels, for often the meaning of a word depends on the pronunciation of a or a, of o or d, o, o, of ii or u ; as hat (hot), six, hat (haht), back ; kor (korr), age, kdr (kohr), illness. ;
—
Tonic Accent. In Hungarian each word has as many syllables as it contains vowels as Z«awyai^=le-ahn-yo-i-eh. The spoken or tonic accent is always on the first syllable, be it the root or prefix, long or short. Accents. There are the following accents: ', ", ", They are used to indicate the varying pronunciation of certain vowels, as shown in the Alphabet. ;
—
* Ty is the siiarp articulation of gy. These two sounds are the most iifUcult ; they are in the same relation to each other as the English " '• " " " syllables du and tu in the words due " and " tube."
t It may be remarked that, orthographically, instead of the double ocmaonants gygy, lyly, nyny, tyty, cscs, cscz, szsz, the forms ggy, lly, nny, tty, ccs, ecz, ssz are used. However, if gy, ly, ny, ty, cs, cz, sz are at the ends of the words, and the final consonant must be doubled on acoonnt of sufSx, one must write dgygyal, with the bed, Sszszel, in :
lutnmn.
eto.
10
—
The Vowels. In Hungarian the different relations between the parts of speech, the conjugations of verbs, the gradation of adjectives, and the possessive case, are expressed by means of suffixes added to the root (which never changes) ; as asztal, table, asztal-ok, tables, asztal-om,
we
love, sztret-tunk,
my table
;
we have loved;
sztret-ni, to love, szeret-iink, magas, high, magas-aiib,
higher.
reason the dominating rule is harmony, whick suffix must sound like the vowels in the roct. Consequently, the vowels are divided into ShobtTo, «, i, o, 5, u, «, and LoNO, a, i, i, 6, 8, 4, &. These are again subdivided into and Mediate, i, i, i. F1.AT, a, a. o, 6,u,'&i Shabp, e, o, S, ii, u The sharp vowels demand sharp suffixes, whilst the flat and mediate ones require flat and mediate suffixes respectively.
For
this
demands that the
;
When the same word contains vowels of two different classes, the sharp vowels are considered as the principal ones, and the word belongs to the class of sharp words. Sometimes, however, the vowel of the last syllable commands the suffix of the same character. choice of the suffix always depends on the vowel of the house ; hdz-dk, houses ; hdz-nak, to the house On the contrary, hdz-ban, in the house ; hdz-am, my house. kert, garden ; kert-ek, gardens ; kert-nek, to the garden ; kert-ben, in the garden ; kert-em, my garden, etc.
The
root, as hdz,
When suffixes,
the demonstrative pronoun ae (that), ez (this), joins the which are used instead of prepositions, its consonant z is
assimilated to the initial consonant of the suffix ; as ar-r6l, of eb-hol, out of this, instead of ez-bol. that, instead of az-rdl ;
The
affixes val, vel,
which express the preposition " with," anj
which means " into," assimilate their initial consonant word to which they are joined
ed, vi,
to the final consonant of the
thus, kSz-zel, with the hand, instead of kiz-vel.
—
Prolongation of the Vo'wels. The short final vowels a and e are prolonged as often as the word assumes any affix. This prolongation is common to all words in all granmiatical forms
;
ruha, dress, ruhd-m,
case), ruhd-zni, to dress, etc. affixes affixes
my ;
dress, ruhd-t, a dress (objective it extends even so far that, if
and
which terminate with a short e or a receive any other whatsoever, the short e or a of the former is accentuated;
as ru/«a, dress, ruhd-ja, his dress, ruhd-jd-val, with his dress.
VOCABULARIES. The World and
its
Elements.
{A vildg is elemei.) BngUeh.
The
air
Htmgaiian.
Fronimciaticm.
II
Land and Water.
18
Minerals
14
Animals, Birds, and Pishes. (EmlBsSk,* madarak is halak.) (For Shopping, see p,
Enf^lish.
An animal
Hungarian.
97.)
Proimnciation.
16 English.
16 English.
17 HInRllsti.
18 English.
19 English.
80 English.
EnRllih.
the
months
HiiiigariKn.
Pronnnoia&loil.
%z
Town and
Country.
{Vdros t»
jaU)
(FoT ConverHitloiu bob p. 950
Hangaxian.
English.
A
bonk
the barn the bridge the brook the building the bush, shrub the cathedral the cattle a cemetery the chapel a ohemist the church the coffee-room the country the courtyard the custom-house the dale a ditch
the exchange a farm a fence the field the fisherman the foot-pavement the forest the gate the grass the harbour
hay the herd the high road
ahUl a hospital the hotel the huntsman the the the the
hut inn log
market
bank
Fronunciation.
-
English,
M BngUBb.
26
The Human Body.
(Az emberi
test.)
BngUsh.
a-i'
Hngllflh.
intelligence
Hnngarian.
Proonnciation.
Health.
{Egisxaeg.)
BngUab.
80 English.
the flour
Hnngarian.
81
Cooking
81
Eating Utensils. (For Shopplac
Bnglish.
A
basin
m*
Hnngarlan.
{Ftit ** »v8 e$*iciMk.)
p. I7>)
Pronunciation.
82 English.
33 English.
84 English.
35 Snglish.
36 English.
37 English.
BngliBh.
89 English.
40
the chorus the conductor the drum a duet the instruments brass string , the music the orchestra the organ a part-song the pianist the piano the programme
— —
,
to play (music)
the recital a recitation a singer a solo a song a trumpet
a violin
az hiekkar a karmester a dob
oz ehnakkorr
kettos
kattej-sh
a hangxzer
o hong-serr o rehz hong-serr o hoorosh hong-serr o zan-a o zanakorr oz orrgono
a rez hangszer a hiiros hangszer
a zene a zenekar az orgnna kar Snek a zongords a zongora
a miisor jdtszani az eloadds szavalat
o miushorr yahtsoni oz al-erodahsb sovolot
ehnakash
enek, dal
ehnak, dol trombito hag-ad-iu
trortibita Jiegedii
a kidlUtds
the opera the opera-glasses the opera-house picture gallery sports and games
testedzh hjdtikok
muBic-hall
korr ehnak o zongorrahsh o zongorro
mogahnehuak
amulatadg, azunnep a virdg-kidllitds a miizeum az orfeum, a dalcsarnok az opera a ssdnkdzi Idtcso az operahdz
museum
dob
magdnenek
fete
flower-show
o korrmashterr
Snekes
exhibition
the the the the the
rrouuuciatioq.
Hungarifin.
English.
keptdr
kiahllitahsh
o virahg-kiabllitahsh
o mooze66m oz orrfe66m, o dolchorrnok oz opero o seenhahzi laht-cher oz operohahz kehptahrr tashtadzehsh ehsh yali-
billiards
billiard
billiahrd
boxing
dkdlvivds
Srkerlveevahsh
chess draughts
sakk
shokk
ostdbla
oshtahblo
golf
golf a foemelvhiy a versenylovas a jdlszma, kiizdelem
golf
the grand-stand the jockey the match
[nap
o m66lotshahg, oz eun-
[tehkok
o fer-amalvehny o verrshany-lovosh o yahtsmo, keuzdalem
41 Hungarian.
Elnglish.
Fronnnciatioii.
sports, contd.
to play (a
game) jatszam
polo the races the race-course the regatta tennis the theatre the act the actor the actress the artist the auditoriam the ballet the box-office the cloak-room the comedian the comedy the curtain the dancer, /. the exit the footlights the play the programme the proprietor
lovaslabda a verseny a IdversenytSr a csdnakverseny tennisz, hdldslabda a sadnhdz a felvonds
a szinesz
a sidneszno a muvesz m.,
[n8
a nezoter
a
ballett
a jegy-pinztd/r a ruJiatdr
a szinesz a vigjdUk
afuggony _
a tdncos (no) a kijdrds a sidnpadi Idmpdk a szindarab a szinlap a tulajdonos az Stterem
the refreshmentthe scene [room a szinpad az ulhek the seats a pdholyok the boxes a karzat the gallery afoldszint the pit reserved seats fenntartott helyek a tdmldsszekek the stalls a szinpad the stage a rendezo -manager
—
the ticket the tragedian the tragedy
i.
miivesz-
a jefiy a tragikus szinhz a szomorujdtek
yahtsoni lovoshlobdo o verrshany o lohverrshanjz-tehrr
chohnokverrshany tennis, hahlohsh-lobdo
o seenhahz
o falvonahsh seenehss seenehssner [ner o miuvehss, miuvehssnehzertehrr o bollett o yady-pehnztahrr
o r66botahrr o seenehss o veeg-yahtehk o feiig-gherny tahntsosh (ner) ki-yahrrahsJj o seenpodi lahmpahk o seendorrob o seenlop
o t56loydonosh oz ebtterrem o seenpod oz eulehshek
pah-hoyok o korrzot
o
feiildsint
fanntorrtott heyak
o tahmlash-sehkak o seenpod o rendezer
oy&iy trog-ikoSsh seenehss o somorroo-yahtehk
42
Cycling.
(Kerikpdr.)
(For Conversations see page
English.
Accessories front, back axle ;
backbone ball bearings bell
bicycle bolt (screw-)
brake
cement chain chainless chain-regulator
—
-wheel
cone front, back connection crank ;
101.)
Hungarian.
kellSkek
Pronunciation,
kallehkak
tengely ; homlok, hat tang-ey; gerincz gherrints tengely golydk csengo
kerekpdr csavar kerekkoto cement lane Idncnelkuli Idnc szahdlyozo Idnc kerSk klip ; homlok, hdtsd osszekotes
homlok, haht
tangey goyohk chang-er kerrehkpahrr chovorr kerrehk-kerter
tsamant labnts lahnts-nehlkeuU lahnts sobah-yozch lahnts kerrehk koop; homlok, halt-shoh erssakertehsh pedahl-tangey pedahl-tangey tiu
pin crooked
peddltengely tu gorbe
crossbar
kereszt
cyclist
kerSkpdros kerikpdr verseny kerekpdr ora
kerrehkpahrosh kerrehkpahrr verrshany kerrehkpahrr ohrro
leszdllni
lassahllni
ezustozni
azeushtej'zni
zomdncozni Idbnyom
zomahntsozni lahb-nyom
cycling race
cyclometer
dismount
to
to electro-plate
enamel
to
footstep fork
rud
gherrba kerrast rood
villa
villo
frame
vdz, szerkezet
vahz, serrkazat
friction
horzsolodds az dttetel
horr-zholohdahsh oz ahttehtal
nagy
noAy ahttehtal Idsh ahttehtal ahttehtal-tok fogont-yoo korrmahnr/-rood
gear
— —
high low
,
,
gear-case handle, grips handle-bar
dttStel
kis dttitel
dttk/'l-tok
fogantyu kormdnyriid
hub
o-gy
oA.y
indiarubber
gummi gummi
g66mmi g66mmi
—
solution
knapsack
oldat
utitdska, utizsdk
oldot eotitahshko, 66ti-zhahk
1 j
43 English.
44 English.
46 English.
46 English.
47 Englisb.
48 Fxonan elation.
Hnngarian.
Engllsb.
o ponososh serrzerdehsh fahbizon-yeetahsh ahrr, kiodahsh
the complainant contract a conviction
rdbixonyitds
costs
dr, kiadds
court of justice a criminal
{kiviteles) birdsdg
(kivehtalesh)
blinds
biunersh kahrrpohtlahsh
damages decision (of case)
deed to defend defendant
(in
a suit)
evidence execution (of deed) (of
kdrpotlds dontes
beeroh[shahg
dej-ntehsh [inehnj ed-yesh-shehg, chalakvidni, {/nerj) redel vehdni (meg), vehHal(Jogi) vddlott \mezni (yog-i) vahdlott [mazni okirat okirot bizonyitSk bizon-yeetehk elkSuzites alkehsitehsh birdi zdr aid vevis es beeroh-i zahrr olah veveladds ehsh ehsh alodahsh egyessSg, cselekmhiij
document
—
a panaszos
judgment)
executor
vSgrehajto
vehgra-hoytoh
fee (of office)
dij
dee-y'
fine (penalty)
birsdg
beer- shahg
information, to give felvildgositdst adni
falvilahgosheetahst odn i
informer
ertesitS
injunction inventory
(birdi) vigzes
ehrtasheeter beeroh-i vehgzehsh laltahrr fog-hahz
jail
the judge
leltdr
foghdz a bird
o beeroh
jurisdiction
torvSnykezSs
te7Tvehnt/-kazehsh
jurisprudence
jogtudomdny ugy
yogt66domahny
law-suit oath, to take an
parchment pardon
eskudni
(ik)
pergament bocsdnat, kegyelein
eudy ashkeudni (ik) perrgoment botchahnot, kad-yal-em
penal perjury
biinteto
beuntater
hamis eskuvSs
homish ashkeiivehsh
petitioner police office
kSrelmezo rendSri hivatal
— — station officer
proof to prosecute prosecution (of suit) prosecutor
endortiszt
kehralmazer rande7Ti hivotol randerrtist
rendor dllomds pr6ba, megvizsgdlds vddolni
randerr ahllomahsh prohbo, meg-vizh-gahvahdolni [lahsL
vdd
vahd
vdtlld
vahdloh
49 Knglish.
50
an accommo-
bill,
bill
— —
kertertt vahltoh vahltoh lahfcahshro
kotott vdlto
at sight [dation
vdlto lutasra
at 3 months'
fidrom
date of lading the drawer the drawee the bond bond, in
Pronunciation.
Hungarian.
English.
h6napra
esedSkes vdLtd
favar-elismervSny az intezo az intSzvhiyezett a kotvSny vdmorizet alatt
iiahrom hohnopro asbadehkash vahltoh f 66vorr- alishm^rrvehnj oz intehzer oz intehzvehn-yezett
company
o kertvehny vahmerrizat olott vahmerrizat olotti ahalatti druk oz olk66ss-dee-y' [roOk az alkuszdij az iXzlet, kicsinyheni oz eiizlat, kitchiny-bani oz eiizlat, nodj/boni nagybani o vever a vevo oz ahrr-yady-zehk az drjegyzik hoyoht behrelni hajot herelni [ba koveteUst mutatni be ke>'vatalehsht m66totni o lessahmitoloh bouk a leszdmitolo bank oz eernok az imok tahrshoshahg tdrsasdg
limited the contract
a nzerzodes
bonded goods the brokerage the business, retail wholesale the buyer the catalogue to charter a ship to send in a claim the clearing-house the clerk
—
—
.
,
cost,
insurance and
freight
— —
',
rhzv&ny-tdrsasdg koltseg, biztositds es
rehss-vehny-tahrshoserrzerdehsh [shahg kerltshehg, biztoshee-
tahsh ehsh vital dee-y' mehirlag
viteldij
a credit balance a creditor
hitel
hitelezo
hitalezer
the custom-house the customs duties
a vdmhdz
vdmok
o vahmhahz vahmok
damages, compen-
kdrtalanitds,
sation debit and credit the debtor to deliver delivered free the demurrage
potlds tartozds
az adds szdlUtani b&rmentve szdlUtani bebrniantva sahlleetoni fekber fakbebrr
the discount to discount [dues
leszdmitolni
dock and harbour double entry duty free
—
,
liable to
hital
mSrleg
is
kahrtoloneetahsh, kahrpohtlahsh koveteles torrtozahsh ehsh ke?-oz odohsh [vatalehsh sahlleetoni kdr-
a leszdmitolds dokk
Ss riv illetekek
kettos konyvvitei
vdmwentes
vdm
koteles
lessahmeetolahsh iessahmeetolni [kak dokk ehsh rehv illatehkattersh kemyv- vital vahmmantash vahm kertalash
61 English.
KS
the representative the settling days
shareholder shares
— —
,
,
Pronnnrlatlon.
Hungarian.
English.
debenture preference
to ship
shipping charges
a megbizott [ok o meg-bizott az elszdmoldsi nap oz alsahmolahshi nopok rSszvenyes rehssvehn-yesh rhzvenyek [nyel- r eh ss vehn-y ek [ vehn- y ek kotelezveny rSszvekSrtalazvehny rehsselsohbsegi reszvinyck alsherbbshehgi „ szdlUtani {liajdn) sahlleetoni (hoyohn) hajozdsi drak hoyohzahshi ahrok
solvent JizetolcSpes the stock (security) a take (biztositek) telegraphic address tdvirati the towing charges a vontatdsi drak the trade a kereskedelem the underwriter a hajdbiztos the unloading a hajdriv the wharfage pai-tvdm
dm
fizaterkehpash o te?'-ka (biztosheetehk) tahviroti tsim o vontotahshi ahrok o ka-rash-kedalem
hoyohbiztosh o hoyoh-rehv
porrtvahm
Post Oflice, Telegraph and Telephone. (POstahivatal, Tdvirat is Telefon.) (For ConverBatioiiB Bee p.
Book
post contents counterfoil excess postage insured value letter post money order
newspaper wrapper parcel post post card postage paid the postman the postmaster to re-address
konyvpdsta tartalom az ellenjegy tulsdgos postadij biztodtott ertek lerelposta
i
>
chomog-pohshto
levelezo-lap
lavalazer-lop
pdstadij fizetve levSlhord4
pohshtodee-y' fizalva lavehl-horrdoh o pohshtomashterr ooyro tseemazni oyahnlvo keSldani vahloss fizatva lavehl-beh-yeg
to register
reply-paid
vdlasz fizetve
telegraph form
kernj/v-pohshto torrtolom oz aUan-yady [dee-y' toolshahgosh pohs tobiztosheetott ehrrfcehk lavehl-pohsbto pohshto-ootolvahni/ hirrlop borreetehk
pOKta-ntalrdny hirlap boritek csomagposta
a postamester ujra cimezni ajdnlva kuldeni
stamp
103.)
levelbelyeg
— messenger
surgonylap surgony kihordo
sheiirr-ghern_?/-lop
weight, over
tdvird hivatal tulsuly
tahveeroh hivotol [doh toolshooy
sheurr-ghej-ny
ki-horr-
68
Correspondence.
(LeveUsia.)
(For Couversatlons see p.
107.)
Hangailaa.
English.
Pronnnciation.
dm
The address
a
blotting-paper the book the date an enclosure an envelope a fountain-pen the ink an inkstand
itatos papiros
the letter the letter-box a note the note-paper a steel pen the pencil
a
a penholder a penknife a quire a ream the scissors the seal the sealing-wax a sheet (of paper) the signature the writing materials
boritSk
o tseem itotohsh popirosh o kernyv o kalat mallehklat borreetehk
tolto toll
terlter tol
a tinta
a levSlszekrSny
o tinto tintahsh eiiyag o lavehl lavehl-sekrehny
rovid levil a levSl papiros
rSrvid lavehl lavehl popirosh
aceltoll
otsehltol
az irdn
oz irohn
tollszdr
tol-sahrr
tollkSs
tol-kehsh konts
a konyv a kelet melleklet
tintds iiveg
—
levil
konc rizsma az olio a pecsStnyom6 a pecsetviasz IV papiros az aldirds az irds az irSszerek
rizhmo oUoh o patcheht-nyomob o patcheht-vioss eev popirosh oz olah-eerahsh oz eerahsh oz irohserrek
Cardinal Numbers. Hnnearian.
Pronunciation.
(Sarkaz&mok.)
Hungarian.
Pronunciation.
edy
10
kettb, kit
katter, keht
11 tizenegy
hdrom
hahiom
ni()y
vehdy
lit
ect
12 tizenketto* tizenkattcr 13 tizenhdiomitizenhahi'om 14 tizennii/y tizennehfli/
hut
hot heht
egy ^^
het
8 iiyole 9 kilenc •
Or
nj/olts
kilaats kit.
15 16 17 18
tiz
teez tiz-en-ed//
tizmot
tizenert
tizenhat
tizeuhot tizenheht
tizenhM
tizennyolc tizen-n!/olts
54 Hangarian.
55 English.
56 English.
67 English.
68 English.
59
Verbs.* (For
English.
Grammar
of
{igik.)
Verbs see pp. 73 —SI.)
60 Kngllah.
61 English.
e2 English.
68 English.
04 English.
65 English.
66 Prommciation.
Hnngarian.
seldom since, prep.
ritkdn 6ta
,
adv.
mivel,
,
conj.
mirel
— — so
sometimes
much
so
soon suddenly
ritliahn
oh to minthogy
mival, mint-hody
mival oyon neh-ho
olyan neha
annyira [hamar onn-yirro [homorr namshokahro, choknemsokdra, csakhirtelen
hirrtalan (eul)
{iil)
that that is then, adv.
hogy, tegyiik fel, hody, ted-yeiik fal, vagyis [hogy... vod-yish [hody...
—,
tehdt
te-haht
thence
onnan
onnon
conj.
akkor
okkorr
there
ott
ott
through
at, keresztul
aht, ka-rass-tenl
thus
igy, -Agy
eeiy, oody
{a)mig
(o)
ig
-ig
to
flak, -ra, hoz
-nolc, -ro,
together too much, adv.
egyutt
ed-yeutt
till,
—
,
conj.
prep.
towards under
tuhdgos feU
sok, tulsd-
meeg -hoz
toolshahgosh shok, tooi[shahgoshon
[gosan fal-eh
alatt
,
olott
unless
kivSve,
until
4g
up upon
fel
very, adv. well
nagyon
hacsak...nem kivehva, ho-chok...nani
(idS)
-ig (ider)
-on, -on
-n, -on, -ern
fal
n,
-r6l, -rol,felol
j6i
-rohl, rerl, falerl
nod-yon yohl mikorr hoi? hovah? meeg, miolott
when
mikor
where while, whilst
hoi f hovd mig, mialatt
why?
miSrt?
mi-ehrrt
willingly
oromest, keszsSgesen
errSj-masht, kehss-sheh-
with (near)
-vol
-vol
within, adv. without, prep.
belul
baleiil
without doubt
kSfySgkiviil
keeveiil, nehlkeul kehtshehg- keeveiil
yet
mSgis
mehg-ish
kiviil,
nelkul
?
[gashan
tj
i
ELEMENT/iRY GRAMMAR. The
Article.
{A Niv»l8.)
There are two articles, the Definite and the Indefinite. The Definite Article is a for words beginning with a consonant, az for words beginning with a vowel.
The Indefinite Article is egy, which is also the numeral " one." It is not the exact equivalent of the English "a," "an," for it is usually omitted except when stress is laid on the singleness of the object, or in cases where its meaning is that of "a certain"; it must never be put bfafore an adjective or noun used as a predicate.
Vcm ebben afaluhan vendigWi an inn in this village 7
e.g
egy vendigW).
(not
Is there
The
Substantive,
[AF3nh.)
Nouns ending with a vowel form their plural by adding h the vowels a and e then become long, as fa, tree, f&k, trees eke, plough, ehik, ploughs. When a noun ends with a consonant, the plural is formed by ;
;
adding ah, ok, ek. Ok. If the consonant is preceded by d or i, then those vowels are shortened in the plural, excepting those ending in sdg, sig, g&s, gis, and a few monosyUabio nouns.
The vowel of the last syllable is dropped in the plural when the consonants m-r, k-r, k-l, r-m, r-k and l-k meet as Ulek, soul, lelkek, souls jdrom, joke, jdrmoJe, yokes. ;
The following nouns ending with a vowel take j or v in the plural, besides the usual plural ending : mU, a work of art, m&vek, works of art ; t8, stem, tOvek, stems kO, stones, kBvek, stones cs8, a tube, esBvek, tubes, U, juice, levek, juices /ffi, herb, fil/veh, herbs 16, horse, lovak, horses. ;
;
;
;
If a noun is preceded by a numeral or any other word expressing quantity, then it is used only in the singular, as kit ember, two men sok fa, many trees.
—
The names of corn, metals, fruit, minerals, etc. that is to say, all generic nouns are collective nouns in Hungarian, and are used in the singular ; as klirte, a pear or pears ; szilva, a plum or plums.
—
Declension. Substantives are divided into six olas-ies or declensions, the plural endings being taken as the basis for this division; then each class is divided into two, viz., vdth the short and the long vowels as Glass I., ak, dk II,, ok, 6k ; III., uk IV. ek, ik; V., Bk, 3k VI., Uk. ;
;
'
Bespecting gender, see
;
p. 84, tbird
;
paragraph.
68 The
suffixes for Olaases I., II. and III. are: For Nominative, the name or with personal suffix Attributive or Possessive, nak ; Genitive, ^; Dative, nak Accusative, t. itself
;
;
The are
suffixes for Classes IV., V.
nek,
:
i,
nek,
and VI.
for the
same oases
as above
t.
Personal Suffixes. The
object governed by the attributive case is inflected, as Pitemek atyja, Peter's father. There are in Hungarian four relations of the object to the possessor 1. Object and possessor in Singular, as kOnyvem, book. S. Object in Singular and possessor in Plural, as kSnyvUnk, our book. 3. Object in Plural and possessor in Singular, as kSnyveim, books, i. Object and possessor in Plural, as kOnyv-eink, our books. :
my
my
I. The Object in the Singulab •.—hSnyv-em, my book kSnyv-ed, thy book; kSnyv-e, his book; kSnyv-Unk, our book; kSnyv-etek, your bookkSnyv-Uk, their book. ;
The Object
II.
books books
;
my
in the Plural kOnyv-eim, books kOnyv-eid, thy kSnyv-ei, his books ; kSnyv-evnk, our books kOnyv-eiiek, yout kdnyv-eik, their books. :
The Personal Suffixes of the Six The Object possessed I.
II.
III.
;
;
;
DeclIinbions.
—
in the Singular
Plural endings aft, dk. Sing, am, ad, a; dm, dd, dja. atok, uk ; dnk, dtok, djok. Plural endings ok, 6k.
Sing, om, od, a; 6m, 6d, &ia.
otok,uk[oijuk);6nk,6tok,6jzik. Plural ending ilk. Sing, jim, tld, jija.
IV. Plural endings ek, ik.
Uk
;
Plur. ant,
Plur. unk
Plur. link, litok, iXjok.
Sing, em, ed, e; im, id,
Plur. Unk,
iie.
eiek,
ink, itek, djsk.
^- ^^^J'^} ^^,^'''§\'"';
''?•
Si'ig-
"™.
a**.
«;
Uk; Bnk, StOk, SjOk orejuk. VI. Plural ending Hm. Sing, ilm, M, Hje. atok,
^,
Bd, Bje or eje.
Plur. unk,
Plur. Unk,
iitok, Hjok.
The Object possessed in the Plural I.
II.
Plural endings ofc, cifc. Sing, aim, aid, at aitok, aik ; dmk, ditok, dik. Plural endings ofc, dk. Sing, aim, aid, ai aitok, aik ; 6mk, 6itok, 6ik.
III. Plural
ending uk.
Sing. Uim, Uid, Ui.
IV. Plural endings ek, e%tek, etk
;
imk,
i.k
;
VI. Plural ending Uk.
;
dim, did, 6im, did,
Pint, aink,
di.
6i.
Plur. aink,
Plur. Uink, Hitok, aik.
Sing, eim, eid, ei
;
Mm, Md,
ii.
Plur. eink. i^ui. »».«.,
iitek, iik.
V. Plural endings Sk,dk ei'k, eitek, etk
;
Smk,
Sing, elm, eid. ei; Sitek, Sik OT eik.
Sing. Aim, Uid, Ui.
Sim, Sid, Si or
ei.
Plur. Uink, Uitek, Uik.
Plur
69 In order to be able to find to what declension a noun belongs, one has to form its plural ending as OkiSr, an ox, plur. SkrOk. Its ending dk indicates that its personal suffix is in Class V. The same rule one can apply for the monosyllabic nouns as atya, father, anya, mother, bdtya, elder brother, take in the third person sing, and plur. j'o and /oil, instead of dja, djok, while dcs, younger brother, takes cs instead oij. ;
;
The
genitive suffix 4 for all nouns expresses possession as well
k"2ap Piteri, this hat
is
;
as,
Ez
a
Peter's.
Suffixes.
To indicate places and directions, instead tias suffixes. They are classified as follows
of prepositions
Hungarian
:
1.
Ketaining or remaining: ban hen; as Twi^-ftam, in the house. Indicating: on, en. On; as hdM-on, on or upon the house after a vowel only n as eke, plough, ekin, on the plough. Besting ndl, nil as 8 atydm-ndl van, he is with my father. Inward direction: ba, be; as u hdi-ba megyek, I go into the
5.
Upward
6.
Approaching
1. 2.
—
:
3.
:
;
house.
7.
8.
9.
direction : ra, re ; as tedd az asztal-ra, put it on the table. hoz, hez, hOz : as hdz-hoz, to the house. Outward direction : b6l, bol ; as ki-vettem a kosdr-bdl, I took it out of the basket. Downward direction: r6l, rBl; as a kim&ny leesett a hdzrdl, the ;
chimney fell down from the house. Moving or starting: tdl, tSl: as a hds-tdl tdvozott, he moved started) from the house. Limiting ig, as a hdz-ig, as far as the house.
10. : 11. Causative : irt, as p&nz-irt, for money 12. Auxiliary: val, vel, as ds6-val, with
;
(oi
bardtsdg-irt, for friendship.
a spade. [Note: with nouns ending in consonants val or vel drops the v and doubles the consonant, as kezem-mel, and not kezem-vel, with my hand.]
13.
Transmuting
:
vd, vi, as
turned into salt. 14. Demonstrative Hi,
L6t
HI, as : pildd-iil, for instance.
The
neje sd-vd vdlioz-ott. Lot's wife
was
mmtd-ill killdOk, I send as a sample;
Postposition.**
(NSvutdk.)
The Hungarian language has no prepositions
; it has postpositions, for they are always put after the noun. The postpositions expressing place are divided into three classes they answer the three questions hoi ? where ? (place) Jwvd ? whither ? ;
;
honnan ? where from ? The postpositions answering the question hoi
;
? are alatt, under ; elStt, mSgStt, behind ; kSzStt or kSzt, between, amongst fOlOtt 01 felett, above ; kSr&l, round. The postpositions answering the question hovd ? are aid, under ; eli, in front of ; melli, beside ; kSzi, between, amongst fSU, above ; feli, towards, in the direction of kOri, round. The postpositions answering the question honnan ? are aldl, from beneath ; el8l, from the front ; mellSl, from the side ; mSgUl, from behind kOzUl, from amongst feWl, from the side of.
before
mellett, beside
;
:
;
:
;
;
:
;
*
For
;
li»b
of postpoi>itiou:> see pp. UJ-U6.
70 All these postpositions take pronominal suffixes, as alatt-am, under me; alatt-unk, under us ; alattalatt-a, under him alatt-ad, under thee alatt-uk, under them. atok, under you KBrUl forms kGrill9tt-em, kSralHtt-ed, ki^UlOtte, etc. The other postpositions are : utdn, after miilva, at the end of (does not take any sufBx); kSzben, in the midst of (no suffix) ; 6ta, since (no suffix) dltal, hj inilkill, without; szermt, according to ; ellen, against; irdnt, towards; miatt, on ;
;
;
;
;
of ; vigett, because, for ; helyett, instead ; gyandnt, in the shape of (no suffix). The postpositions dt, through, above, keresztul, across, innen, on this side, till, on the other side, belill, within, kivUl, without, alul, above, fOlal, underneath, require the suifixes n, on, en, iSn, to be added to the
account
preceding substantive. Fogva, on account of, requires ndl, nil, but when it means " since " it requires tdl, tSl. Kipest, in proportion to, requires hoz, hex, hOz. Niave, as to, requires, ra, r^. Egyiltt, together, requires val, vel, to be added to the substantive.
The Adjective*
{A MelUknh,.)
When
the adjective is used as a substantive, all suffixes, except the possessive ones (even the article az or as) may be used with it. A Qualiflcative adjective always precedes the substantive and does not change, as a nagy asstal, the large table a nagy asztalok, the large tables. An Attributive adjective is placed after the substantive, and takes suffixes of number. The verb in the present is not expressed: az asztal nagy, the table is large az asztalok nagyok, the tables are large. When a question is made the adjective is put before the substantive, as Magas a torony? Is the tower high? Adjectives are inflected in the same way as substantives, but there are the following variations from the general rule Not all adjectives ending in a vowel take k. Those which end in i take ek, as rigi, ancient, rigi-ek. Those which end in ti»or H take sometimes k, sometimes ak or ek, as hosszti, long, hosseHk or hosszu-ak. The adjectives containing one or more sharp vowels and ending with s {as, OS, 6s) and ikony take ak the others take ok. All the adjectives containing one or more mediate vowels take ek. The suffix Bk is not used for adjectives. When the adjective kis, small, is a predicate, then it takes the form ;
;
—
:
;
Adjectives put in apposition precede the substantive, as Charles the Great, Nagy Kdroly.
Comparison of Adjectives. The comparative of equality is expressed by the words oly, olyan, &ppoly, ippen oly, szintoly, put before adjectives; "as "is translated by mint. Thus Bdtydm oly nagy, mint te, my brother is as tail as thou. The negation nem is put before oly as Az iskola nem oly nagy, mint a :
;
templom, the school is not so large as the church. The comparative of superiority is formed by adding 66 to adjectives ending with a vowel, abb or ebb to those ending with consonants. •
For
list
of aajectires
Demonstrative Pronouns,
see pp. 55-58.
p. 73.
For Demonstrative Adjectives
see
71 Final a and « become longer pensive,
becomes
d/rdgdbb, jd, good, jobb, better.
The superlative
is
when
bb is joined to it thus, drdga, ex expensive, while d shortens its sound in
more
;
formed by prefixing
leg or legesleg to
the comparative,
as legjobb, the best.
The following
adjectives are irregular in their comparatives
szip, beautiful sok,
much
hosseu, long kOrmyii, easy, light
The
superlative
is
Comparative. szebb tObb hosssabb
Comparative.
nagyobb
nagy, big
good
j6,
jobb
young
ifju,
ifjabb
hOnnyebb
regular.
The Pronoun.
(A Nk-mds.)
Personal Pronouns. They are
:
in,l\
te,
thou
;
5,
he, she
;
mi,
we
;
ti,
you
;
Sh, they.
Singular.
N. in, I D. nekem, to or for
te,
me
me
A. sr.gem,
thou
he or she
S,
neked, to or for thee i^grci, thee
re«&i,
St or
him, her him, her
to or for (3i«i,
Plural.
N. mi, we D. nekilnk, to or for us A. minket or bennWnket, us
ye or you Sfc, they nektek, toorforye,you nekik, to or for Ji,
titeket or benneteket,
Sket,
them
them
ye or you The second form of the accusative bennilnket, benneteket is more emphatic, and should be translated into English all of us, all of you, all
—
:
them. As to attributive and genitive cases of the personal pronouns they are in the singular nekem, neked, neki in the plural nekilnk, nektek, nekik. If the possessor is represented by a pronoun governing the object possessed directly, then the attributive pronoun is not placed before its object, which, being sufSxed with the pronoun, expresses the person to whom it belongs; e.g., kalap-om, my hat; kalap-od, thy hat; kalap-ja, of
;
his hat.
But when an emphasis
is necessary, then the uninflected personal is be used instead of the attributive pronoun; e.g., Asinkalapom, my hat not yours. The attributive pronoun is always used in its inflected form nekem, naked, etc. when it stands as subjective and not written ou t at all if i( stands as attribute, then it is in its uninflected form en, te, @, etc.
to
—
—
;
Possessive Pronouns. They are
enyim, mine
; tied, thine ; Bvi, his miink, ours tietek. Ovik, theirs. These pronouns are a contraction of possessor and object possessed, They are formed of the personal pronoun as possessor and the suffixes of
yours
;
:
;
;
n They stand by themselves ez enyim, this is mine; mine; and they take all the suffixes of the substantives except the plural, which they form in the same way as the personal
tao objective case.
myim,
:
it is
those of suffixes— viz., enyim, tied, Gvi, miink, tietek, dvik—usei when the object possessed is in the singular ; enyiim, tieid, Ovii, mieink, tieitek, Oviik— used when the object possessed is in the plural. These are the forms of the pronouns that would correspond to the substantives inflected with the suffixes for place or diieotiou : Singular.
Plural.
bennem, bermed, benne
bennUnk, bennetek, bennllk
—Ben.
Retainino or Remaining
in me, etc.
—Bajt.
Indicating
rajtcmi, rajtad, rajta
Resting
on me,
—NAl.
ndlam, ndlad, ndla with me, etc.
Inwaud Dibeotion
Upward Direction
pproachinq
ndlunk, ndlatok, ndluk
—Be. belim, belid, beU into me, etc.
\
rajtunk, rajtatok, rajtuh
etc.
beUnk, beUtek, bel^Uk
—Ba.
—Hoz.
rdm, rdd, rd on me.
rdnk, rdtok, rdjok
hozzdm, hozzdd. hoBzd towards me.
hozednk, hozzdtok, hozzdjok
—Bel.
OuTWAKD Direction
beldliiaik, belBletek, belSlSk beldlem, belSled, belSle out of me, from me, etc.
Downward Direction—Bd. rdlam, rdlad, rdla of
— TOl.
me,
rdlunk, rdUUok, rOluk
etc.
Moving Away
tSlem, tBled, tSle
Causative
—ilrU irtem,
Med,
&rte
because of me, for me,
tBlilnk, tSletek, tdlOk
irtUnk, irtetek, irtilk etc.
Reflexive Pronouns.
They are: majfam, myself ourselves
;
;
magatok, yourselves
magad, thyaeii; maga, himaeU maguk, themselves.
;
magunk,
;
Kaja has also the meaning "alone"; as magam vagyok, I am alone. Sometimes maga has the meaning of "my own"; as magam kOnyve,
my own
book.
78 The other forms of Tnaga are en magam or ennenmagam, myself
rmnmagimh
tenmagad or tennenmagad
or invimervniag'imk
tinmagatok or tinnenmagatok
Onmaga or BnnOnmaga Bnmagunk or OnnOnmagunk Mdsodmagammal, I with another harmadmagammal, 1 and two
Note.
—
;
others; negyedmagaiiimal, I
and three
others, etc.
When
the relation is reoiprooal, then they are reoiprooals one another, each other.
;
as egijmdst,
Demonstrative Pronouns. 1 They are
emez, this here ugyanez, this same as, that ugyanaz, that same. Ez and az, prefixed with ugyan or alone, point to a certain thing among while ezen, azon, refer to certain things among others of the same class :
ez, this
amaz, that there
;
;
;
;
;
any class. Az and ez follow the sabstantive and are before it and could not be inflected. stand others of
inflected; azon
and ezen
Before suffixes beginning with a consonant, az and ez change z into the first letter of the suffix. Az-nak changes into annak az-ba changes into abba az-ra into arra, etc. The other forms (mostly obsolete) of maga are ;
;
:
emnagam
or tenmagad or
ennenmagam, myself tennenmagad
rmnmagunk tmmagatok
are: hi, who, m^ly, which, mi, what— for substantives; min8, as—for adjectives ahdny, akdrhdny, merniyi, amennyi, as as— for numerals. They are inflected like substantives.
They
milym, suoh
many
;
Interrogative Pronouns. These things:
melyik ? which ? For ki ? kicsoda ? who ? mi? micsoda? what? melyik? which? For quality; milyen? are, for persons
:
;
mvnS ? mifile what kind ? For the cardinal numbers hdny ? menny% ? how many? and for ordinals: Mnyadik? which ?— as well as the question '?
:
for multiplication, hdti^sztyr ?
The
how many times ?
Vcrb.^
{Az
Before other verbs can be oonjugated, it irregular verb Unni, to be Indicative Mood.
Ige.) is
necessary to learn tho
:
I'tesent Tense.
Imperfect or Past Tense.»
vagyok, I am, eto. vagy
Prosent Perfect Tense.
valik, I was, etc.
voltam, I liave been, etc.
valdl
van vagytmk
vala
voltdl ""'*
valdnk
voUutik
vagytok
valdtok
voltatpk
vannak
valimak
voUak
1
" '
There is no distinction between Demonstrative AdiecUoes and Fronount. For list of verbs see pp. 59-63. poetry.
The imperfect
tense
is
never used now, except occasionally
m
74 Future Tense.
Past Petfect Tense.
leseek, I
voltam vala, I had been, eto. voltdlvala volt vala voltunk vala voltatok vala voltak vala
shaU
be, eto,
liA
filler
for first 10 words; C
I'
View more...
Comments
