Human Rights Law - Compilation of Reviewers: Man Believes in God

B\E

I

^@ABXW

C

Q

GKEV@C

Buedi ^`abts  ^`abts  drl r`abts tbksl r`abts wb`gb lelral jrke nl`ia d elenlr kj tbl buedi splg`ls. Xbly drl ikt arditlh ny tbl stdtl ikr stleelh jrke nl`ia d g`t`zli kj d gkuitry

8. 

4< Edaid Gdrtd ny M`ia Okbi- J`rst Liac`sb Gkist`tut`ki, gkitd`is plrskidc c`nlrt`ls dih g`v`c r`abts @Z.  N`cc kj ^`abts kj 4:20- prlvlit drn`trdry rkydc rucl dih lstdnc`sb jrllhke jrke grulc dih uiusudc pui`sbelit dih lxglss`vl j`ils

 

Z.

N`cc kj ^`abts 411:- dcc eli drl jrll. @iblrlit ^`abts kj c`jl dih c`nlrty dih prkplrty. Jrllhke kj Wpllgb dih Vrlss, jrllhke tk lxlrg`sl rlc`a`ki. Z@.  4120 Jrligb Hlgcdrdt`ki kj ^`abts kj Edi- dcc eli drl jrll dih lqudc

N. Xblkr`ls ki Wkurgls kj ^`abts 4. 

 

>.

7. 

4|

^lc`a`kus dih Xblkcka`gdc DpprkdgbDpprkdgb - gkiglpt kj h`ai`ty kj edi. Bl pksslssls h`ai`ty ds nl`ia grldtlh `i tbl `edal kj Akh dih `t pcdgls b`e w`tb b`ab vdcul. Gkeeki grldtkr eldis gkeeki buedi`ty dih gkeeki juihdelitdc r`abts. Nrktblrbkkh kj eli. H`sdhvditdal- kicy stdihs ds ckia ds edi nlc`lvls `i Akh.  Akh.   Xbl Idturdc Cdw XblkryXblkry- gkihugt kj eli eust dcwdys gkijkre tk tbl cdw kj idturl. Xb`s idturl `s nlc`lvlh tk nl ltlridc. Cdw kj r`abt kj rldski `i dggkrhdigl w`tb tbl Cdw kj Akh. Xbl Wkg`dc `epucsl tk c`vl pldgljuccy dih `i bdrekiy w`tb ktblrs. Qbdtlvlr `s h`sturn`ia tk skg`dc bdrekiy `s wrkia dih uioust. Lenkh`lh `i Edaid Gdrtd kj Liacdih 4>4640->6>6

KJ

^LZ@LQL^W

Juigt`kidc kr Wkg`kcka`gdc DpprkdgbDpprkdgb - buedi r`abts lx`stlh ds d eldis kj skg`dc gkitrkc. @t lx`sts tk slrvl tbl skg`dc `itlrlst kj tbl skg`lty. Jkgusls ki r`abts `i tlres kj plkpcl‐s wdits dih gkiglri. Vks`t`v`st   ‗  dcc r`abts dih dutbkr`ty gkel jrke tbl stdtl dih wbdt kjj`g`dcs bdvl prkeucadtlh. Xbl kicy cdw @ wbdt bds nlli gkeedihlh ny tbl skvlrl`ai. Idturdc r`abts drl rlgkai`zlh kicy `j tbly drl lijkrglh ny tbl

–Dcc eli drl jrll dih lqudc `i h`ai`ty dih c`nlrty― 

^`abts kj eli drl ds kch ds edi b`eslcj- buedi r`abts lx`stlh wbli edi lx`sts

X@KI

stdtl. Ed`i Gr`t`g`se? dutbkr`ty edy ikt prkektl buedi r`abts. Edrx`st XblkryXblkry- `itlrlst kj tbl skg`lty kvlr di `ih`v`hudc ‐s `itlrlst. @ih`v`hudc jrllhke `s rlgkai`zlh kicy djtlr tbl `it lrlst kj skg`lty `s slrvlh. @t `s gkiglrilh w`tb lgkike`g dih skg`dc r`abts kvlr g`v`c kr pkc`t`gdc r`abts kj gkeeui`ty. 1.  Xblkry Ndslh ki Lqudc`ty dih ^lsplgt - rlgkai`t`ki kj `ih`v`hudc r`abts `i tbl liokyelit kj nds`g jrllhkes (spllgb, rlc`a`ki, dsslency, jd`r tr`dc dih dgglss tk gkurts). 2.  Xblkry Ndslh ki Oust`glOust`gl- Ldgb plrski pksslssls `iv`kcdn`c`ty jkuihlh ki oust`gl. Xbl gkiglpt`ki `s kj jd`rilss dih skg`dc pr`edry akkhs dih wldctb drl tk nl h`str`nutlh lqudccy. 0.  Xblkry Ndslh ki H`ai`ty kj EdiEdi - Ndslh ki tbl prle`sl tbdt buedi r`abt s eldis sbdr`ia vdculs kj dcc `hlit`j`lh pkc`g`ls upki wb`gb buedi r`abts hlplih ki. Xbl uct`edtl akdc `s wkrch gkeeui`ty wblrl tblrl `s hlekgrdt`g sbdr`ia dih h`str`nut`ki kj vdculs. ^ljlrrlh tk ds pkc`gy sg`ligl dpprkdgb. 46.  \t`c`tdr`di XblkryXblkry- ndslh ki tbl ikt`ki kj r`abts `i tlres kj tlihlig`ls tk prkektl splg`j`lh lihs sugb ds gkeeki akkh. Xbl arldtlst bdpp`ilss tk tbl arldtlst iuenlr. Lvlrykil `s gkuitlh lqudccy nut ikt trldtlh lqudccy.

:. 

G. Vr`ig`pcls kj Buedi ^`abts 4.  \i`vlrsdc ‗ dcc eli bdvl lqudc r`abts >.  @itlrhlplihligl ‗ `t hkls ikt illh diy ktblr r`abts jkr `t tk nl rldc`zlh 7.  @ih`v`s`n`c`ty ‗ gdiikt nl h`v`hlh `itk sedcclr jrdgt`ki. Kil r`abt hlplihs ki tbl ktblr. 8.  @eprlsgr`pt`ncl @eprlsgr`pt`ncl  ‗ Ik plr`kh tk lxp`rl .  7.  8. 

^`abt tk c`jl ^`abt dad`ist tkrturl Jrllhke kj ^lc`a`ki ^`abt tk nl rlgkai`zlh ds d plrski

B\E

I

^@ABXW

C

Q

GKEV@C

ELOKJJ ZW. H@^LGXK^ KJ V^@WKIW, 06 VB@C 16 JDGXW?  Odpdilsl Wlgrlt Dalit tdmli ny tbl \W dih bdihlh tk gkeekiwldctb. Bl JDGXW?  wds hltd`ilh wb`cl dwd`t`ia hlpkrtdt`ki. H@WWLIX@IA KV@I@KI? KV@I@KI? Xbl gkist`tut`kidc audrditll tbdt ik plrski sbdcc nl hlpr`vlh kj c`nlrty w`tbkut hul prkglss kj cdw bds nlli `itlihlh tk prktlgt dcc `ibdn`tdits kr rls`hlits wbk edy bdppli tk nl uihlr tbl sbdhkws kj Vb`c`pp`il jcda.  jcda.   H. \i`vlrsdc Hlgcdrdt`ki kj Buedi ^`abts L. Knc`adt`kis kj tbl Wtdtl ‗ (  (4) 4) ^lsplgt= (>) Vrktlgt= (7) Jucj`cc  Jucj`cc    Drt`gcl 4 (7) kj tbl \I Gbdrtlr ‗  Xk dgb`lvl `itlridt`kidc gkkplrdt`ki `i skcv`ia `itlridt`kidc prkncles kj di lgkike`g, skg`dc, gucturdc, kr buedi`tdr`di gbdrdgtlr, dih `i prkekt`ia dih ligkurda`ia rlsplgt jkr buedi r`abts dih jkr juihdelitdc jrllhkes jkr dcc w`tbkut h`st`igt`ki ds tk rdgl, slx, cdiaudal, kr rlc`a`ki=  Drt`gcl .  Qblrl ikt dcrldhy prkv`hlh jkr ny lx`st`ia cla`scdt`vl kr ktblr eldsurls, ldgb stdtl Vdrty tk tbl prlslit Gkvlidit uihlrtdmls tk tdml tbl ilglssdry stlps, `i dggkrhdigl w`tb `ts gkist`tut`kidc prkglssls dih w`tb`i tbl prkv`s`kis kj tbl prlslit Gkvlidit, tk dhkpt sugb cla`scdt`vl kr ktblr eldsurls ds edy nl ilglssdry tk a`vl ljjlgt tk tbl r`abts rlgkai`zlh `i tbl prlslit Gkvlidit. 7.  Ldgb Wtdtl Vdrty tk tbl prlslit Gkvlidit uihlrtdmls? (d)  Xk lisurl tbdt diy plrski wbksl r`abts kr jrllhkes ds blrl`i rlgkai`zlh drl v`kcdtlh sbdcc bdvl di ljjlgt`vl rlelhy, iktw`tbstdih`ia tbdt tbl v`kcdt`ki bds nlli gkee`ttlh ny plrskis dgt`ia `i kjj`g`dc gdpdg`ty, (n)  Xk lisurl tbdt diy plrski gcd`e`ia sugb d rlelhy sbdcc bdvl b`s r`abt tblrltk hltlre`ilh ny gkepltlit ouh`g`dc, dhe`i`strdt`vl kr cla`scdt`vl dutbkr`t`ls, kr ny diy ktblr gkepltlit dutbkr`ty prkv`hlh jkr ny tbl systle kj tbl stdtl, dih tk hlvlckp tbl pkss`n`c`t`ls kj ouh`g`dc rlelhy= (g)  Xk lisurl tbdt tbl gkepltlit dutbkr`t`ls sbdcc lijkrgl sugb rlelh`ls wbli arditlh. Drt`gcl 7. Xbl Wtdtl Vdrt`ls tk tbl prlslit Gkvlidit uihlrtdml tk lisurl tbl lqudc r`abt kj eli dih wkeli tk tbl liokyelit kj dcc g`v`c dih pkc`t`gdc r`abts slt jkrtb `i tbl prlslit Gkvlidit. Drt`gcl >, Wlgt`ki 44, 4021 Gkist`tut`ki  Wlgt`ki 44. 44 . Xbl Wtdtl vdculs tbl h`ai`ty kj lvlry buedi plrski dih audrditlls jucc rlsplgt jkr buedi r`abts.  WXKILB@CC ZW. H@KMIK ‗  @ssudigl kj Alilrdc wdrrdit uihlre`ils tbl r`abt kj  pr`vdtl `ih`v`hudcs  `ih`v`hudcs 

 Drt`gcl 640->6>6

J. Wkurgls dih Jkuihdt`kis kj Buedi ^`abts d. Alilrdccy Dgglptlh pr`ig`pcls kj Buedi ^`abts

B\E

I

^@ABXW

C

Q

GKEV@C

ELOKJJ ZW. H@^LGXK^ KJ V^@WKIW, 06 VB@C 16 JDGXW?? Odpdilsl Wlgrlt Dalit tdmli ny tbl \W dih bdihlh tk gkeekiwldctb. Bl JDGXW wds hltd`ilh wb`cl dwd`t`ia hlpkrtdt`ki. @t eust nl dhe`ttlh tbdt tlepkrdry hltlit`ki `s d ilglssdry stlp `i tbl prkglss kj lxgcus`ki kr lxpucs`ki kj uihls`rdncl dc`lis dih tbdt plih`ia drrdialelits jkr b`s hlpkrtdt`ki, tbl Akvlrielit bds tbl r`abt tk bkch tbl uihls`rdncl dc`li uihlr gkij`ilelit jkr d rldskidncl cliabt kj t`el. Bkwlvlr, uihlr lstdnc`sblh prlglhlits, tkk ckia d hltlit`ki edy oust`jy tbl `ssudigl kj d wr`t kj bdnlds gkrpus. \iclss `t `s sbkwi tbdt tbl hlpkrtll `s nl`ia `ihlj`i`tlcy `epr`skilh uihlr tbl prltlisl kj dwd`t`ia d gbdigl jkr hlpkrtdt`ki 7  kr uiclss tbl Akvlrielit dhe`ts tbdt `tgdi ikt hlpkrt b`e8 kr uiclss tbl hltd`ill `s nl`ia blch jkr tkk ckia d plr`kh kur gkurts w`cc ikt `itlrjlrl.

X@KI

KJ

^LZ@LQL^W

Vb`c`pp`ils bkikr `ts knc`adt`kis uihlr tbl Lxtrdh`t`ki Xrldty `t litlrlh `itk w`tb tbl Bkia Mkia Wplg`dc Dhe`i`strdt`vl ^la`ki. Jd`curl tk gkepcy w`tb tblsl knc`adt`kis `s d sltndgm `i kur jkrl`ai rlcdt`kis dih hljldts tbl purpksl kj lxtrdh`t`ki. Bkwlvlr, `t hkls ikt ilglssdr`cy eldi tbdt `i mllp`ia w`tb `ts trldty knc`adt`kis, tbl Vb`c`pp`ils sbkuch h`e`i`sb d pktlit`dc lxtrdh`tll‐s r`abts tk c`jl, c`nlrty, dih hul prkglss. Ekrl sk, wblrl tblsl r`abts drl audrditllh, ikt kicy ny kur Gkist`tut`ki, nut dcsk ny `itlridt`kidc gkivlit`kis, tk wb`gb tbl Vb`c`pp`ils `s d pdrty. Ql sbkuch ikt, tblrljkrl, hlpr`vl di lxtrdh`tll kj b`s r`abt tk dppcy jkr nd`c, prkv`hlh tbdt d glrtd`i stdihdrh jkr tbl ardit `s sdt`sjdgtkr`cy elt   A. @itlridt`kidc N`cc kj ^`abts Gkcclgt`vl idel jkr tbl \HB^ dih twk ktblr buedi r`abt trldt`ls (@@GGV^ dih @GLWG^)

H@WWLIX@IA KV@I@KI? KV@I@KI? Xbl gkist`tut`kidc audrditll tbdt ik plrski sbdcc nl hlpr`vlh kj c`nlrty w`tbkut hul prkglss kj cdw bds nlli `itlihlh tk prktlgt dcc

d. 

`ibdn`tdits kr rls`hlits wbk edy bdppli tk nl uihlr tbl sbdhkws kj Vb`c`pp`il jcda.

76 drt`gcls. n.  40:: @itlridt`kidc Gkvlidit ki G`v`c dih Vkc`t`gdc ^`abts ^`abts   4.  J`rst Kpt`kidc Vrktkgkc? our`sh`gt`ki kj buedi r`abts gkee`ttll tk rlgl`vl dih gkis`hlr gkeeui`gdt`kis jrke tbksl wbk drl v`gt`es kj buedi r`abts v`kcdt`ki. >.  Wlgkih Kpt`kidc Vrktkgkc? dnkc`t`ki kj hldtb plidcty

M\^KHD ZW. ODCDIHKI@ JDGXW?? LK :2 tk try wdr gr`e`idcs JDGXW HLG@W@KI?   Xbl @igkrpkrdt`ki Gcdusl. Xk try Murkhd jkr b`s wdr gr`els `s HLG@W@KI? gkist`tut`kidc ny v`rtul kj `igkrpkrdt`ki gcdusl `i Drt`gcl @@, Wlgt`ki > kj Vb`c`pp`il Gkist`tut`ki. Xbl Vb`c`pp`ils rlikuigls wdr ds di `istruelit kj idt`kidc pkc`gy, dhkpts tbl  alilrdccy dgglptlh pr`ig`pcls pr`ig`pcls kj `itlridt`kidc `itlridt`kidc cdw ds pdrt kj tbl cdw kj tbl cdih   H@WWLIX@IA KV@I@KI? KV@I@KI? Lxlgut`vl Krhlr Ik. :2 `s lqudccy kjjlis`vl tk tbl Gkist`tut`ki nlgdusl `t v`kcdtls tbl juihdelitdc audrditlls kj tbl hul prkglss dih lqudc  prktlgt`ki kj tbl cdw. @t `s lsplg`dccy sk, nlgdusl `t plre`t tbl dhe`ss`ki kj ediy m`ihs lv`hligl ny wb`gb ik `iikglit plrski gdi djjkrh tk alt dgqu`ttdc dih ny wb`gb `t `s `epkss`ncl tk hltlre`il wbltblr di dgguslh `s au`cty kr ikt nlykih dcc rldskidncl hkunt.   hkunt. AKZX KJ BKIAMKIA ZW. KCD@CD JDGXW? Euikz gbdralh w`tb gkisp`rdgy tk hljrduh pui`sbdncl ny Bkiamkia Cdw. JDGXW? Bl dsmlh tk nd`c wbli plt`t`kilr dsmlh kj b`e jkr di lxtrdh`t`ki. Hlg`s`ki? Xbl t`el-bkikrlh pr`ig`pcl kj pdgtd suit slrvdihd hledihs tbdt tbl

7|

L c ` x ` r G . C d i a d i c d ia d i Buedi ^`abts Cdw ‗ Jr. @O A kizd ad R\ ‗   Gkcclal kj Cdw, >640->6>6

4082 \i`vlrsdc Hlgcdrdt`ki kj Buedi ^`abts ‗  `s ikt d trldty nut bds lvkcvlh `itk alilrdc pr`ig`pcls kj `itlridt`kidc cdw. Gkitd`is d prldencl dih

g.  40:: @itlridt`kidc Gkvlidit ki Lgkike`g, Wkg`dc dih Gucturdc ^`abts h.  4021 Vb`c`pp`il Gkist`tut`ki, Gkitd`is tbl Vrldencl, Drt`gcl @@ wb`gb st`pucdtls tbl Wtdtl‐s pr`ig`pcl kj dhblr`ia tk b uedi r`abts dih `itlridt`kidc cdws prkekt`ia tbl sdel dih Drt`gcl @@@ wb`gb gkist`tutls tbl N`cc kj ^`abts B. Gcdss`j`gdt`ki kj Buedi ^`abts? 4.  J`rst Alilrdt`kiAlilrdt`ki- Vkc`t`gdc ^`abts dih G`v`c C`nlrt`ls. Vrkb`n`t`ki dad`ist sldrgbls dih sl`zurls, uihul `itlrvlit`ki tk jrllhke kj lxprlss`ki. ^`abts lxprlsslh `i tbl –iladt`vl―.  d.  ^`abt tk C`jl n.  Jrllhke dad`ist tkrturl dih `ibuedil pr`ski gkih`t`kis g.  Lqudc`ty nljkrl tbl Cdw h.  ^`abt tk C`nlrty, Jrllhke jrke Drn`trdry Hltlit`ki l.  Jrllhke Dad`ist Wcdvlry j.  Jrllhke kj Ekvlelit a.  ^`abt tk Wlgur`ty

B\E

I

^@ABXW

C

Q

GKEV@C

X@KI

KJ

^LZ@LQL^W

^@ABX XK C@JL

4021 Gkist`tut`ki, Drt`gcl 7

@GGV^ Drt`gcl :  :  (4)  Lvlry buedi nl`ia bds tbl `iblrlit r`abt tk c`jl. Xb`s r`abt sbdcc nl prktlgtlh ny cdw. Ik kil sbdcc nl drn`trdr`cy hlpr`vlh kj b`s c`jl. (>)  @i gkuitr`ls wb`gb bdvl ikt dnkc`sblh tbl hldtb plidcty, slitligl kj hldtb

Wlgt`ki 4.  4.  Ik plrski sbdcc nl hlpr`vlh kj c`jl, c`nlrty, kr prkplrty w`tbkut hul prkglss kj cdw, ikr sbdcc diy plrski nl hli`lh tbl lqudc prktlgt`ki kj t bl cdws.

plidct`ls edy nl `epkslh kicy jkr tbl ekst slr`kus gr`els `i dggkrhdigl w`tb tbl cdw `i jkrgl dt tbl t`el kj tbl gkee`ss`ki kj tbl gr`el dih ikt gkitrdry tk tbl prkv`s`kis kj tbl prlslit Gkvlidit dih tk tbl Gkivlit`ki ki tbl Vrlvlit`ki dih Vui`sbelit kj tbl Gr`el kj Alikg`hl. Xb`s plidcty gdi kicy nl gdrr`lh kut pursudit tk d j`idc ouhalelit rlihlrlh ny d gkepltlit gkurt. (7)  Diykil slitliglh tk hldtb sbdcc bdvl tbl r `abt tk sllm pdrhki kr gkeeutdt`ki kj tbl slitligl. Deilsty, pdrhki kr gkeeutdt`ki kj tbl slitligl kj hldtb edy nl arditlh `i dcc gdsls.  W@EKI ZW. GKEE@WW@KI KI B\EDI ^@ABXW ^@ABXW @WW\L @IZKCZLH?  @IZKCZLH?  wbltblr kr ikt tbl r`abt tk d hlglit c`v`ia jkre pdrt kj `ih`v`hudc‐s g`v`c r`abts.  HLG@W@KI?  Iladt`vl.  HLG@W@KI?  Iladt`vl.  – Q Qll drl ikt prlpdrlh tk gkigcuhl tbdt tbl krhlr jkr tbl hlekc`t`ki kj tbl stdccs, sdr`-sdr` stkrls dih gdr`ihlr`d kj tbl pr`vdtl rlspkihlits gdi  jdcc w`tb`i tbl gkepdrtelit kj "buedi r`abts v`kcdt`kis `ivkcv`ia g`v`c dih pkc`t`gdc r`abts" `itlihlh ny tbl Gkist`tut`ki― .

–G`v`c ^`abts^`abts- tk tbksl (r`abts) tbdt nlckia tk lvlry g`t`zli kj tbl stdtl kr gkuitry, kr, `i w`hlr slisl, tk dcc `ts `ibdn`tdits, dih drl ikt gkiilgtlh w`tb tbl kradi`zdt`ki kr dhe`i`strdt`ki kj tbl akvlrielit. Xbly `igcuhl tbl r`abts kj prkplrty, edrr`dal, lqudc prktlgt`ki kj tbl cdws, jrllhke kj gkitrdgt, ltg. Kr, ds ktblrw`sl hlj`ilh g`v`c r`abts drl r`abts dpplrtd`i`ia tk d plrski ny v`rtul kj b`s g`t`zlisb`p `i d stdtl kr gkeeui`ty. Wugb tlre edy dcsk rljlr, `i `ts alilrdc slisl, tk r`abts gdpdncl kj nl`ia lijkrglh kr rlhrlsslh `i d g`v`c dgt`ki. Dcsk qu`tl kjtli elit`kilh drl tbl audrditlls dad`ist `ivkcuitdry slrv`tuhl, rlc`a`kus plrslgut`ki, uirldskidncl sldrgbls dih sl`zurls, dih `epr`skielit jkr hlnt ―.  Vkc`t`gdc ^`abts^`abts- –Vkc`t`gdc r`abts, ki tbl ktblr bdih, drl sd`h tk rljlr tk tbl r`abt tk pdrt`g`pdtl, h`rlgtcy kr `ih`rlgtcy, `i tbl lstdnc`sbelit kr dhe`i`strdt`ki kj akvlrielit, tbl r`abt kj sujjrdal, tbl r`abt tk bkch punc`g kjj`gl, tbl r`abt kj plt`t`ki dih, `i alilrdc, tbl r`abts dppurtlidit tk g`t`zlisb`p v`s-d-v`s v`s-d-v`s   tbl edidalelit kj akvlrielit―.  

8|

L c ` x ` r G . C d i a d i c d ia d i Buedi ^`abts Cdw ‗ Jr. @O A kizd ad R\ ‗   Gkcclal kj Cdw, >640->6>6

Wlgt`ki 40. 40. (4) Lxglss`vl j`ils sbdcc ikt nl `epkslh, ikr grulc, hlardh`ia kr `ibuedi pui`sbelit `ijc`gtlh. Il`tblr sbdcc hldtb plidcty nl `epkslh, uiclss, jkr gkeplcc`ia rldskis `ivkcv`ia bl`ikus gr`els, tbl Gkiarlss blrldjtlr prkv`hls jkr `t. Diy hldtb plidcty dcrldhy `epkslh sbdcc nl rlhuglh tk rlgcus`ki plrpltud. plrpltud. 4021 Gkist`tut`ki, Drt`gcl > Wlgt`ki 4>. (4)  (4)  Diy plrski uihlr `ivlst`adt`ki jkr tbl gkee`ss`ki kj di kjjlisl sbdcc bdvl tbl r`abt tk nl `ijkrelh kj b`s r`abt tk rled`i s`clit dih tk bdvl gkepltlit dih `ihlplihlit gkuislc prljlrdncy kj b`s kwi gbk`gl. @j tbl plrski gdiikt djjkrh tbl slrv`gls kj gkuislc, bl eust nl prkv`hlh w`tb kil. Xblsl r`abts gdiikt nl wd`vlh lxglpt `i wr`t`ia dih `i tbl prlsligl kj gkuislc. (>) Ik tkrturl, jkrgl, v`kcligl, tbrldt, `it`e`hdt`ki, kr diy ktblr eldis wb`gb v`t`dtl tbl jrll w`cc sbdcc nl uslh dad`ist b`e. Wlgrlt hltlit`ki pcdgls, skc`tdry, `igkeeui`gdhk,, kr ktblr s`e`cdr jkres kj hltlit`ki drl prkb`n`tlh. `igkeeui`gdhk (7) Diy gkijlss`ki kr dhe`ss`ki kntd`ilh `i v`kcdt`ki kj tb`s kr Wlgt`ki 41 blrlkj sbdcc nl `idhe`ss`ncl `i lv`hligl dad`ist b`e. (8) Xbl cdw sbdcc prkv`hl jkr plidc dih g`v`c sdigt`kis jkr v`kcdt`kis kj tb`s slgt`ki ds wlcc ds gkeplisdt`ki tk tbl rlbdn`c`tdt`ki kj v`gt`es kj tkrturl kr s`e`cdr prdgt`gls, dih tbl`r jde`c`ls. VLKVCL ZW. LGBLAD^DP (Wuppclelitdc Ekt`ki jkr ^lgkis`hlrdt`ki) Hldtb Vlidcty Gkitlit`kis? (d) v`kcdt`ki kj tbl gkist`tut`kidc prksgr`pt`ki dad`ist grulc, hlardh`ia kr `ibuedi pui`sbelit= (n) v`kcdt`ki kj kur `itlridt`kidc trldty knc`adt`kis= (g) nl`ia di uihul hlcladt`ki kj cla`scdt`vl pkwlr= dih (h) nl`ia h`sgr`e`idtkry. HLG@W@KI? d.  Xbl grulcty dad`ist wb`gb tbl Gkist`tut`ki prktlgts d gkiv`gtlh edi `s grulcty `iblrlit `i tbl eltbkh kj pui`sbelit, ikt tbl ilglssdry sujjlr`ia `ivkcvlh `i diy eltbkh lepckylh tk lxt`iau`sb c`jl buedilcy

B\E

I

^@ABXW

C

Q

GKEV@C

X@KI

KJ

^LZ@LQL^W

n.  Xbl Wlgkih Kpt`kidc Vrktkgkc tk tbl @itlridt`kidc Gkvlidit ki G`v`c dih Vkc`t`gdc ^`abts, d`e`ia dt tbl Dnkc`t`ki kj tbl Hldtb Vlidcty wds dhkptlh ny tbl Alilrdc Dsslency ki Hlglenlr 4. 4> . Xbl Wtdtl rlgkai`zls tbl sdigt`ty kj jde`cy

–Xr`dc gkurts drl gdut`kilh tk ckkm gdrljuccy `itk tbl g`rguestdigls surrkuih`ia tbl

c`jl dih sbdcc prktlgt dih strliatbli tbl jde`cy ds d nds`g dutkikekus skg`dc `ist`tut`ki. @t sbdcc lqudccy prktlgt tbl c`jl kj tbl ektblr dih tbl c`jl kj tbl uinkri jrke gkiglpt`ki. Xbl idturdc dih pr`edry r`abt dih huty kj pdrlits `i tbl rldr`ia kj tbl ykutb jkr g`v`g ljj`g`ligy dih tbl hlvlckpelit kj ekrdc gbdrdgtlr sbdcc rlgl`vl tbl suppkrt kj tbl Akvlrielit.

tdm`ia kj diy gkijlss`ki, lsplg`dccy wblrl tbl pr`skilr gcd`es bdv`ia nlli edctrldtlh `itk a`v`ia kil. Qblrl tblrl `s diy hkunt ds tk `ts vkcuitdr`ilss, tbl sdel eust nl rlolgtlh `i tktk.

J^LLHKE DAD@IWX XK^X\^L DIH @IB\EDI V^@WKI GKIH@X@KIW @GGV^, Drt`gcl 1.  1.   –Ik kil sbdcc nl sunolgtlh tk tkrturl kr tk grulc, `ibuedi kr hlardh`ia trldtelit kr pui`sbelit. @i pdrt`gucdr, ik kil sbdcc nl sunolgtlh w`tbkut b`s jrll gkislit tk elh`gdc kr sg`lit`j`g lxplr`elitdt`ki.―   Drt`gcl 46.   4. Dcc plrskis hlpr`vlh kj tbl`r c`nlrty sbdcc nl trldtlh w`tb buedi`ty dih w`tb rlsplgt jkr tbl `iblrlit h`ai`ty kj tbl buedi plrski. >. (d)  (d)  Dgguslh plrskis sbdcc, sdvl `i lxglpt`kidc g`rguestdigls, nl slarladtlh jrke gkiv`gtlh plrskis dih sbdcc nl sunolgt tk slpdrdtl trldtelit dpprkpr`dtl tk tbl`r stdtus ds uigkiv`gtlh plrskis. (n) (n)   Dgguslh ouvli`cl plrskis sbdcc nl slpdrdtlh jrke dhucts dih nrkuabt ds spllh`cy ds pkss`ncl jkr dhouh`gdt`ki. 7.  7.  Xbl pli`tlit`dry systle sbdcc gkepr`sl trldtelit kj pr`skilrs tbl lsslit`dc d`e kj wb`gb sbdcc nl tbl`r rljkredt`ki dih skg`dc rlbdn`c`tdt`ki. Ouvli`cl kjjlihlrs s bdcc nl slarladtlh. 4021 Gkist`tut`ki, Drt`gcl Wlgt`ki 40- (>) (>)  Xbl lepckyelit kj pbys`gdc, psygbkcka`gdc, kr hlardh`ia pui`sbelit dad`ist diy pr`skilr kr hltd`ill kr tbl usl kj sunstdihdrh kr `idhlqudtl plidc jdg`c`t`ls uihlr sunbuedi gkih`t`kis sbdcc nl hldct w`tb ny cdw.  Drt`gcl @, Gkivlit`ki Dad`ist XkrturlXkrturl-  –Jkr tbl purpksls kj tb`s Gkivlit`ki, tbl tlre "tkrturl" eldis diy dgt ny wb`gb slvlrl pd`i kr sujjlr`ia, wbltblr pbys`gdc kr elitdc, `s `itlit`kidccy `ijc`gtlh ki d plrski jkr sugb purpksls ds kntd`i`ia jrke b`e kr d tb`rh plrski `ijkredt`ki kr d gkijlss`ki, pui`sb`ia b`e jkr di dgt bl kr d tb`rh plrski bds gkee`ttlh kr `s susplgtlh kj bdv`ia gkee`ttlh, kr `it`e`hdt`ia kr gklrg`ia b`e kr d tb`rh plrski, kr jkr diy rldski ndslh ki h`sgr`e`idt`ki kj diy m`ih, wbli sugb pd`i kr sujjlr`ia `s `ijc`gtlh ny kr dt tbl `ist`adt`ki kj kr w`tb tbl gkislit kr dgqu`lsgligl kj d punc`g kjj`g`dc kr ktblr plrski dgt`ia `i di kjj`g`dc

640->6>6

VLKVCL ZW. ADC@X

LT\@XP NLJK^L XBL CDQ  Drt`gcl >:, @GGV^. Dcc plrskis drl lqudc nljkrl tbl cdw dih drl lit`tclh w`tbkut diy h`sgr`e`idt`ki tk tbl lqudc prktlgt`ki kj tbl cdw. @i tb`s rlsplgt, tbl cdw sbdcc prkb`n`t diy h`sgr`e`idt`ki dih audrditll tk dcc plrskis lqudc dih ljjlgt`vl prktlgt`ki dad`ist h`sgr`e`idt`ki ki diy arkuih sugb ds rdgl, .gkckur, slx, cdiaudal, rlc`a`ki, pkc`t`gdc kr ktblr kp`i`ki, idt`kidc kr skg`dc kr`a`i, prkplrty, n`rtb kr ktblr stdtus.  Wlgt`ki 4, Drt`gcl @@@  Ik plrski sbdcc nl hlpr`vlh kj c`jl, c`nlrty, kr prkplrty w`tbkut hul prkglss kj cdw, ikr sbdcc diy plrski nl hli`lh tbl lqudc prktlgt`ki kj tbl cdws . ^@ABX XK C@NL^XP, J^LLHKE J^KE D^N@X^D^P D^^LWX  Drt`gcl 2, @GGV^ , 4. Ik kil sbdcc nl blch `i scdvlry= scdvlry dih tbl scdvl-trdhl `i dcc tbl`r jkres sbdcc nl prkb`n`tlh. >. Ik kil sbdcc nl blch `i slrv`tuhl. 7. (d) Ik kil sbdcc nl rlqu`rlh tk plrjkre jkrglh kr gkepucskry cdnkur, (n) Vdrdardpb 7 (d) sbdcc ikt nl blch tk prlgcuhl, `i gkuitr`ls wblrl `epr`skielit w`tb bdrh cdnkur edy nl `epkslh ds d pui`sbelit jkr d gr`el, tbl plrjkredigl kj bdrh cdnkur `i pursudigl kj d slitligl tk sugb pui`sbelit ny d gkepltlit gkurt. (g) Jkr tbl purpksl kj tb`s pdrdardpb tbl tlre "jkrglh kr gkepucskry cdnkur" sbdcc ikt `igcuhl? (`) Diy wkrm kr slrv`gl, ikt rljlrrlh tk `i sun-pdrdardpb (n), ikredccy rlqu`rlh kj d plrski wbk `s uihlr hltlit`ki `i gkislquligl kj d cdwjuc krhlr kj d gkurt, kr kj d plrski hur`ia gkih`t`kidc rlcldsl jrke sugb hltlit`ki= (``) Diy slrv`gl kj d e`c`tdry gbdrdgtlr dih, `i gkuitr`ls wblrl gkisg`lit`kus knolgt`ki `s rlgkai`zlh, diy idt`kidc slrv`gl rlqu`rlh ny cdw kj gkisg`lit`kus knolgtkrs= (```) Diy slrv`gl lxdgtlh `i gdsls lelraligy gdcde`ty tbrldtli`ia tbl c`jl wlcc-nl`ia kj tbl gkeeui`ty= (`v) kj Diy wkrm krkrslrv`gl wb`gb jkres pdrt kj kr ikredc g`v`c knc`adt`kis.