Huellas Naturales 1 - Guia Del Docente - Estrada
August 19, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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ptljacazlrcl6 m g gig p i, q p p p . . ¶Buìcms sk cls `msvmktldls `m qum mc liul `asumcvl bk lbaca`l` `avmrss gltmralcms6 m i p v g x g. 5 . c gi g p p i. ^ p q p, xpq g p pg g q i p qá v .
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agi . k i p p g og, q i g. agi . s i , i gá, g v, , q gá p . ^ p g og, ii . p. i ? . aq p i . Ru pukt `m usaòk ms `m - ¾B l kavmc `mc glr. k. . Ru pukt `m mjuccabaòk ms `m > ¾B l kavmc `mc glr. s. . Ms vasbsl. vasbs l. k. . Lc bkimclrsm, bkimclr sm, bupl uk msplba ms plba gmkr. k. . Rm mvlprl ìbacgmktm l tmgpmrlturl lgjamktm. k. m v v. k , v q g p q xp 2 < > : . L . R l ` l r t s M c l a r f t a ` M ©
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prvblr `msoa`rltlbaòk. bg i g , p q g v g q p gp .
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b v i g, i gp g , gp g , v p i p . ¶\á g g 6 ¶\á p g p pi p6 ^ p pi ág , gp xg g gp i. ^ o , gg g q pp co. s q i g v v i á p g, g g i ág pxg q p .
< . Uv q o p p pg i p. d gá gp p i, g g i q v p. m v q p gp q o p g. k , i gp g . • Ra sm blcamktl liul sfjrm ukl ofrklccl4 cl mkmr-
i qg i g ág, i ág i. • Ra sm blcamktl b lcamktl bfk ukl plvl mcábtrabl f uk blcmk-
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: . m t c, g p uv, u v, x , , g iv. . Rakmtl umrl psajcm cl `astlkbal pcl-y su sltácatmg`aablr plrl lcglbmklr bkmktrm mc csmcmkmrmccs mkmr içl ptmkbalc irlvatltral, ¶oljrçl qum lbmrblrcs lcmdlrcs6 Mxpcaqumk pr quá. O q , q gg g q g i p , i p iv p (o p) g t. . @s blrils sm ltrlmk aktmkslgmktm. ¶Bòg sm cls p`rçl uslr plrl iulr`lr mkmriçl6 ¶Buìc smrçl mc raimk `m cl mkmriçl qum lcglbmklk6 lg i á g . 2 . u q p g g i.
. Mxpcaqumk quá trlksrglbakms `m mkmriçl sm pr`ubmk l c clri `mc rmbrra`. l g, q i p iv á. l g q i, i p iv g, i á. b g g v, p i á g i p iv. iv. . Ak`aqumk mk buìc buìcms `m cs pukts smülcl`s cl mkmriçl bakátabl ms gìxagl.
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0 . ^ p , xpq qá p g i g i q . t qá p i , qá g i g g. . ]kl jcl `m jfwcaki qum `msplrrlgl cs paks. s i. c jfwcaki i á, o p, o i. . ]k oamc qum sm `mrratm lc rly r ly `mc Rc. m s g g i ág, q g o, pgg, g gp o i . . . ]k lrb mstarl` qum `asplrl ukl cmbol. m i p . l g á, á o. . Mc ccldm `m uk ìrjc lugmktl bk cs `çls. 2 < > : . L . R l ` l r t s M c l a r f t a ` M ©
m g v á, q i s g i qg. . ]k gmtmrat blm olbal cl Pamrrl. c i p iv v g á.
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5 . u v v i g pv. c i g gvg. Lklcabmk buìcms buìc ms sk cls trlksrglbakms trlksr glbakms `m mkmriçl qum sm pr`ubmk mk bl`l mtlpl. s go. s i ág go. mxp pv. s g i qg pv i ág i á. \ g pv. l g q i á, v g p iv, g q xp pv i g i qg á. s pv. c i á g g p iv . 9 . u g v g o g i. m , pg g , i gp gv. . ¶^`çl gvmrsm gvmrsm cl smiuk`l smiu k`l gkm`l bk gìs rlpa`mz qum cl pragmrl6 k. m p ôg g g. bg g á, p gg g. s gv g pg, o –p‗ –p‗ i á. . ¶\uá plslrçl sa cl smiuk`l gkm`l umrl gìs boabl6 c p g. . @asbutlk mk bclsm sus lriugmkts uslk` mc bkbmpt `m mkmriçl. m g p xp p v i g. ? . c i g p . ` i .
ág á á ág á ág ág
. ¶\uá taps `m mkmriçl p`rçl tmkmr mstm sastmgl6 ^ i p , gp g . . ¶\uá blgja `mjmrçl pr`ubarsm plrl qum mc sastmgl iulr`lrl gìs mkmriçl mk su aktmrar6
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m
. Brramk` bk cl ilrrbol. c i qg g g i á. . Ilrrbol bclvl`l y `jcl`l, y cl gudmr lpmkls lrrajl. c i á g i p-
8 i qg g gá g p io g. . Cl gudmr gìs lrrajl, cl ilrrbol gmks `mrgl`l. c i io g á, á p iv. iv. . Cl gudmr sctò cl ilrrbol y plsl sjrm cl vlccl. c i p io g á. . Cumi `m trlsplslr cl vlccl, cl gudmr blm lc tr cl`. c i á v g p . < > . ci o p, ¶qá p i6 ^ p. < < . ¶bg i q p g p6 ^ p.
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pr Cls gìquakls trlksamrmk trlksrglk mkmriçl
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`m liul mk t`ls cls cltls6 ¶^r quá t`s cs irups `mjmk gm`ar `m cl gasgl glkmrl mc v-
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cugmk `m liul6 ^q i gá . s gg i, ô gv p p g g g p . . ¶^`rçlk `mba`ar quá cltl sm blcmktò gìs rìpa`lgmktm6 Ruiamrlk uk prbm`agamkt plrl mkbk trlr ukl rmspumstl l mstl bumstaòk. sig, i g pg, q q g i. i. fjsmrvmk mstm va`m mk Aktmrkmt qum gumstrl uk blcmktl`r sclr blsmr. ¶Bòg ukbakl6 ¶Bkvmk`rçl utacazlr ukl glkiumrl `m tr bcr6
p . m e. , gg, q m e , g q i . . ¶^r quá ms agprtlktm agpr tlktm pkmr cl gasgl blkta`l`
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mstu`Af @M BLRf
^ q g. . Cs jgjmrs uslk trldms pcltml`s bulk` `mjmk bgjltar mc umi `ms`m guy bmrbl. ^q p i. . Mk cls rmiakms `m bcagl bcag l guy bìca`, cl imktm paktl sus blsls `m jclkb. ^ q .
2 . s q q q , ¶qá v q v 6 ^ 8 p , p, p , g g.
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s g g o p, ô p g 8 8 p , p go gp, , p q p p p g. c gg .
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i 1> ´b < 0i . s g ´b. ´b . ¶s< p g i6 ¶\á p gp q g6 bg g gg gg ‐i‐, gp q v g ´b 1> ´b, , => ´b. = . m i p i q . . ¶\uá rmprmsmktlk cs pukts6 c p p p q -g i.
g vg o 5 . u o gvg o i, q q.
. ¶\uá rmprmsmktlk cls cmbols6 c eo p gvg p. . ¶\uá ak`abl cl `amrmkbal `m bcrms6 a .
. Bgplrmk rlpa`mzsm`mg`aabl bl`l uk y `mspuás `m boblr. cl¶Bòg cl lktms mkmriçl bakátabl `m bl`l uk lc pr`ubarsm mc boqum6 m q v gvá p i á, q q i.
tgp tg
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. ¶Bòg sm rmclbakl mstl satulbaòk bk mc aktmrblgja `m mkmriçl tárgabl mktrm `s bumrps qum mstìk l `amrmktms tmgpmrlturls6 b gp, g gp p , g gp g. 9 . aq q xp -
1 . c i x, p i.
i g. s v p g q vi g gg, xp v . . Oly qum bcblr mc jucj `mc tmrgògmtr mk bktlbt bk mc gltmralc buyl tmgpmrlturl sm quamrm gm`ar gm `ar.. m g p g gp q g o gg gg.. . Mc jucj `m cs tmrgògmtrs ms pmqumü. rpg q ág g q q g. . Mc blpaclr `mc tmrgògmtr ms `mcil`. rq g q p, g pg i q ág. . @mspuás `m bcblr mc tmrgògmtr, oly oly qum mspmrlr lc gmks uk gakut lktms `m cmmr cl tmgpmrlturl qum ak`abl. s p p q , q ág, g q q gp q q g. ? . mxpq g g i ág i . . . ]k oumv sm bbakl mk uk dlrr dlr r bk liul. ` o , p p . ` i, gá p p . m i, g p v ov. . ]kl pmrskl pkm sus glks `mclktm `m ukl ms tul mcábtrabl. mcábtrabl. m g p . . ]kl tlzl `m blá sm mkrçl lpyl`l sjrm ukl gmsl. m o g , g, p o g, g g p v. . Mc tlkqum `m liul `m ukl blsl lc Rc. m s i q p . ` g q i, g p .
samrrl, cl tmgpmrlturl lugmktl. Ra cl samrrl kf `m sm lgjfs gfvamrl, fjdmtfs ka mcgmtìcabfs bclvf ka cl samrrl ljsfrjmrçlk mkmriçl, pfrqum lgjfs mstìk l aiulc tmgpmrlturl8 pmrf sa cl samrrl sm `mscazl y rfzl bfktrl mc bclvf, lugmktl cl tmgpmrlturl `m lgjfs mcmgmktfs. Mstm lugmktf `m tmgpmrlturl ak`abl qum lgjfs bumrpfs olk ljsfrja`f mkmriçl qum prfvamkm `m cl pmrsfkl qum gumvm cl samrrl (cl pmrsfkl –ilstl‗ msl mkmriçl y, bfksmbumktmgmktm, sm blksl). Bfgf mstl mkmriçl ljsfrja`l prf`ubm uk blgjaf `m tmgpmrlturl, sm cl cclgl mkmriçl tárgabl.
Ftrl glkmrl `m imkmrlr blcfr, `astaktl l cls qum umrfk lklcazl`ls mk mstm blpçtucf, ms rftlr `fs bumrpfs ukf bfktrl mc ftrf8 lsç, mc rfbm mktrm lgjfs bfkvamrtm mkmriçl bakátabl mk tárgabl. ^fr mdmgpcf, trls rftlr uk bclvf vlrals vmbms bfk ukl
Zmclbakmk cl akrglbaòk `mc tmxt bk mc –Ms tu`a `mktrl bls‗ `mcgltmralc blpçtucrzl lktmrar (mk cl pìiakl 5 . s g v p i, qg i. ^ v i, g, p qg. ¶\á g q o qg p6 m i q v gá g , g p, p g i , g p gp. < < . r p p i . . ¶Bòg ccmilk cs ska`s olstl kumstrs ç`s6 c v v p i g . . ¶^r quá k msbubolgs cls mkrgms mxpcsakms qum sm pr`ubmk mk mc Rc6 ^q p v v. . ¶\uá `amrmkbal oly mktrm cls mgatm k`ls uk skrls guia` `m ukl vlbl y cls qum ir acc6 `mc iracc6 c gi v , q p i-
5
v, g q q g i , q p i. < : . l p g l g j, i g g g i. ¶m g ppi g pg6 G l
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Cfs bfcmbtfrms sfclrms sfk `aspfsatavfs qum rmbfimk cl cuz `mc Rfc y cl uslk plrl blcmktlr uk cçqua`f. ]k bfcmbtfr smkbaccf ms bfgf ukl mkfrgm bldl `m paz zl bfk cl tlpl supmrafr supmrafr ombol ombol `m va`raf y cl akmrafr akmrafr paktl`l kmirf pfr `mktrf.qum Mk `l mc aktmrafr cl bldl, oly ukl`mblümrçl `mcil`l gubols`mvumctls, bfgf ukl smrpmktakl, qum bfktamkm liul. @mktrf `m cl bldl, sm prf`ubm mc gasgf mmbtf qum mk uk akvmrkl`mrf y sm blcamktl mc liul `m cl smrpmktakl. Bulk`f mc cçqua`f mstì guy blcamktm, sm gumvm pfr bfkvmbbaòk l ftrls zfkls `m cl blümrçl qum mstìk `mktrf `m cl blsl. Mc cuilr `mc cçqua`f blcamktm bl camktm ms fbupl`f pfr cçqua`f gìs rçf qum mktrl l cl smrpmktakl pfr cl ftrl puktl. @m mstl glkmrl, mc liul blcamktm barbucl pfr tf`l cl blümrçl y blcmlbbafkl cl blsl. ^um`mk jsmrvlr uk `aspsatav bg mc `ms. brapt ¶\uámkmsmstm mc mmbt va`m4akvmrkl`mr6 ottp4//i.ic/^h9Al. ottp4//i.ic/^h9Al. m q p p g8 g 8 , , pv p v, q pg i ,, p pg p g .
. ¶^lrl quá sm bcbl mc va`ra sjrm cl bldl6 ^ q p i. . ¶^lrl quá sm paktl `m kmir mc aktmrar `m cl bldl6 ^ q i g . . ¶Bkvamkm paktlr `m kmir tlgjaák mc mxtmrar `m cl bldl6 k, pq , g p i. < 0 . ¶b p giá6 . fk`ls cugaksls. . fk`ls `m rl`a. . f . . Zlys _.
< = . bgp p i . m v, giá i… . rmbumkbal. . ckiatu` `m k`l. . v. . mkmriçl ¶^ g, g , , < 5 . ¶^ g i q p6 ^ p. < 9 . ¶m g i gp6 ^ p. < ? . ¶^ gp v xp pp i p6 ^ p. g gi p v < 1 . ¶b p gp x6 ^ p.
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. @ajudmk cl trlymbtral `m cl pmctl m ak`aqumk mc pukt `k`m tbl mc sumc `mc pz.
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1 . b p p q 4 . :>> gmtrs mk 0> smiuk`s. :>> g / 0> 7 = g/ . > gmtrs mk :> smiuk`s. > g / :> 7 = g/ . :>> gmtrs mk :> smiuk`s.
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@astlkbal mk lüfs cuz >,0 >,9 < bg y glrqumk bl`l uk `m cs bmktçgmtrs. Kugármkcs, bgmkzlk` `ms`m >. Rupkamk` qum mc Rc sm mkbumktrl mk mc >, ujaqumk bl`l uk `m cs pclkmtls `m cl tljcl smiôk su `astlkbal lc Rc, bksa`mrlk` qum, mk mstl msblcl, bl`l bmktçgmtr mquavlcm l cl `astlkbal gm`al mktrm cl Pamrrl y mc Rc. ¶\uá `amrmkbals oly mktrm cs pclkmtls aktmrarms y cs mxtmrarms6 c p g p q x. . ¶\uá pclkmtls smrìk gìs bìca`s y buìcms gìs rçs6 c g , q g s. . ¶@òk`m sm ujablk cs pclkmtls rbss6, ¶y cs ilsmss6 c p 4 G, U, t G. c i x4 x4 dôp, dôp, s, u kp. k p. . ¶Buìcms sk cs pclkmtls `m glyr tlglü6 c p x g g. . Jusqumk mk mc tmxt `mc blpçtuc `òk`m sm mkbumktrl cl glyrçl `m cs lstmra`ms. Olilk uk msqumgl `mc Rastmgl Rclr m ak`aqumk cl psabaòk `m cs lstmra`ms. Ra cs pclkmtls tamkmk lkaccs sltácatms klturlcms, ak`çqumkcs. c v G dôp dôp.. c p x . l xp G U, p á .
9 . r g g t-s, p. Emkògmks4 Ztlbaòk `m ` m cl Pamrr Pamrrl. l. b Akbcaklbaòk `mc mdm tmrrmstrm. l Prlsclba rlsclbaòk òk `m cl Pamrr Pamrrl. l. ` Òrjatl mcçptabl mcçp tabl `m cl Pamrr Pamrrl. l. j Mmbts4
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m p q p i, q p g pg, gv p i p. m q o g p i, q , g , p q i g . . ¶\uá `amrmkbal oly mktrm uk sumc bujamrt bk odls smbls y uk bk pclktls6 c p q p g i q o . . ¶\uá `amrmkbal oly mktrm uk sumc sak bjmrturll y uk bk odls smbls6 jmrtur c o pi p , gp p i p á. . Zmclbakmk msts trms rmbapamktms bk `astak ts taps `m sumcs qum sm pum`mk mkbk trlr mk cl rmlca`l`. rmlca`l`. m pg p q p v8 i, i o o, o, ôg, .
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q g p. . ¶\uá lbtava`l`ms rmlcazl mc smr ouglk mk bl`l bls6 ¶\uá sm jtamkm `m msls lbtava`l`ms6 m pg pg , i8 i 8 g, gá g. m i , pg pg i . . ¶Bòg p`rçlk rmlcazlrsm `m ukl glkmrl sustmktljcm6 m i, v, g . m , i g g i o p. 0 . fi gp p p . . Olilk ukl castl bk lbbakms qum bulcquamr pmrskl pum`l olbmr `alralgmktm plrl lprvmbolr gmdr cs rmburss mkmriátabs y uslr `m glkmrl mabamktm cs rmburss klturlcms. . Mcadlk uk bratmra y rilkabmk cs pukts qum prpusamrk. ^um`mk olbmrc `m lbumr` lc r`mk `m tlrmls qum olbm ukl pmrskl `ms`m qum sm cmvlktl. ftrl pbaòk ms rilkazlr cls lbbakms `m lbumr` l bl`l rmburs bk cls lbbakms qum smcmbbaklrk, mcljrmk mcljrmk laboms y páiumkcs mk cs plsaccs `m cl msbumcl. ^òkilkcms tçtuc m agìimkms
qum acustrmk bktmka`. Akbcuylk rlsm qums. mxpcaqum prmcquá mstls lbbakms skukl agprtlktm agprtlktms. ^ p. ^ p g ^ v ip. \ ip p -
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p (p gp, i, i, o, á). = . c i p p pi @mjfrl Rwaktuk, `m vmbakl `m vaccl akelgljcm l ak vmstail`frl `m su pfcubaòk Lktrfpfcfiçl `m uk jlrraf bfktlgakl`f
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oly gìs smksajaca`l` bfk rmspmbtf l cfs tmgls lgjamktlcms. ^mrf kf sá sa oly bfkbamkbal rmlc `m cf qum agpcablk mk tf`fs sus lspmbtfs. Mktfkbms sç, cl imktm mstì smksajcm pfr akelgljcm... pmrf bfksbamktm, kf gm plrmbm. Q, pfr mc ftrf cl`f, gm plrmbm qum oly ukl lctl `m `mbasaòk. ^ìiakl/
9 . c i x, p pi. Lcabal, cl gl`rm `m Ulcmktçk, ljrm cl `ubol bulk` sm cmvlktl, prmplrl mc `mslyuk y cumi `m `mspmr tlr l t`l cl lgacal, mktrl l jlülrsm. Mc plpì `m Ulcmktçk mkbamk`m mc gtr `mc lut y mspmrl mk cl pumrtl olstl qum su oad tmrgakl `m `mslyuklr. Ulcmktçk slcm bk uk plqumtm `m ilccmtatls qum sm tmrgakl `m bgmr mk mc lut. Bulk` plslk pr ukl pclzl, Ulcmktçk tarl mc mkvlsm `m cls ilccmtatls mk mc plst. . ¶\uá bksmds cm `lrçlk l mstl lgacal plrl qum mgpambm l tglr bksbamkbal `mc us `m cs rmburss6 l g p g q o i , v p i p. l p p i g U á p . l U U p i v o . . ¶\uá rmburss sk lmbtl`s mk bl`l bls6, ¶`m quá glkmrl6 m g, p i p gp q . m p, g g g ‐ i‐. m U, v p i g . ? . l p q p, p g i gpá q p . s v p, q g p pp gp, q i g gp ..
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¶s p g ga vav pa gp jaòa6 m xpg p G fp, q g q p t pgv p i gá-
s l ¶c v` vvf6 a b m t pp k v xpg q pi m g i a B vv. s v, q m ` r m c c l t
op oi . c t q, v vv, g vv4 , p, gp g. s p q v p
. q q gp qr xpg g g á, q v q i gá o á i o g.
g p ô, p gp g g . ^ gp v, p vi qá v pvo g, g p p v, qá opv v v pv. .
LBPAUA@L@MR < . ¶^ qá g i v6 s g pq v p i.
= . ¶^ qá p v6 bg –‗, , g p gp.
: . ¶^ qá pp v < 06 s . m pg v q ii q p v g. m ôg v v. s g p p gp. s p q v o 8 i o , p gv, p v p . 2 . ¶\á v g g6 g p. u ô. m v ig g.
5 . ¶s gp op 6 sig, g gp op. m gp, p . 9 . ¶\á gp vv6 ` xpg p gp g .
0 . ¶\á v = 56 b i , pg p p , i ov i, q v g.
s p gp q v g p á ( ig ). ^ g o q v gp.
2 < > : . L . R l ` l r t s M c l a r f t a ` M ©
mstu`Af @M BLRf
X W
t vv gpg , p v x i v p p44 p, g, p, oi, , á. < . ¶bg xp p q g gô q o 6 m oo q vv gp (p á, ,, , , p, v, .) v v gô. m p vv q i v ip vv.
: . ¶t ¶t vv p i gg 6 mxpq qá i o p. ¶m 2 < > : . L . R l ` l r t s M c l a r f t a ` M ©
lbv lb v`` `` e
=
q áp6 k vv p i g. cg og ogpá p q i p. t vv gp (p á, , , p), p o q gp i vv, p p ip. c i vv p q ig gp, l`k g og p o . . c áp v gi, gpg.
2 . s i g g . dq . . Cs smrms vavs sk sastmgls ljamrts ljamr ts prqum tamkmk cl blplba`l` `m rmpr`ubarsm. a. s g pq g g i g. g . . Lrastòtmcms brmò mc rmak Gkmrl cumi `m lgpcalr sus mstu`as utacazlk` mc gabrsbpa. a. O bp. . Cls lrqumls sk cs smrms mublratls gìs lktaius mk cl oastral `m cl va`l. a. k . . Cs smrms vavs lbtulcgmktm sm bclsaablk sc pr su lspmbt mxtmrar. a. tgá iô vv vá l`k . Cls omrrlgamktls `m jaciçl gcmbuclr pmrga tamrk mstu`alr lspmbts `m cs rilkasgs r ilkasgs qum kukbl lktms oljçlk sa` lklcazl`s, bg su smbumkbal imkátabl. b. . @lrwak mstljcmbaò uk sastmgl plrl kgjrlr cs smrms vavs, cclgl` jakgalc. a. c.
= . m x q i ág q vv i v p. mp ‒ p ‒ v ‒ x ‒ g ‒ ^ p. s v q g, q
i gpv 0q . bgp = pp p Yoh. Yoh.
p p ô , q v.\ pp xp p gp
Zmakf
Gfkm Gf kmrl rl
^rftasastl ^rft tl
Eu Euki kiaa
^clk ^c lktl tlmm Lk Lkag aglc lcal al
Papfs `m prfbl- mubl- mubl- mubl- mublrafbácucls qum cfs efrglk raftls raftls raftls raftls tls Pamkmk rmprmsmktlktms kf sç sç sç sç pcurabmcuclrms Pamkmk bácucls sç sç (lc- sç sç kf bfk plrm` iukfs) Pamkmk kôbcmf kf sç sç sç sç y frilkmcls ^mrtmkm Muhlry Muhlryll Mu Muhl hlryl ryl Muhlryl Muhlryl bmk lc/cfs Mujlbtmral y Lrquml `fgakaf/s
=0
p. 5 . c v gp p g. s gi, p p p . c p o á, q gq á p p. m p v, q gá p g i gp. . ¶Cms plrmbmsuqum cs varusy sk smrms vavs6mktrm Euk`lgmktmk rmspumstl cumi `mjltlk t`s. c v, p , p gp vv.lg, p á, p gá. ` p , v vv. s p p, o p i . . ¶\uá blrlbtmrçstabls `m cs smrms vavs k tamkmk cs varus6 vv, v p g g i, g, p p, p p v g p, g p á. 9 . c i ig v G c, p v i, v pv t i. ci, p pi q .
c b, t i iô p 8 p gv gp p vg. . ¶^r quá brmmk qum sm trldmrk tr ldmrk blstrms l Pamrrl `mc Eumi6 Akvmstaiumk mk Aktmrkmt lbmrbl `m ms ts gtavs. gtavs. s p g p. . ¶\uá scubakms sm cms burrmk plrl mstm bls6 ^ p. ^ vi q g g, g p . . ¶Bòg p`rçl oljmrsm mvatl`6 ^ p. m p , pp o p vá . ^ o v g iô p . . ¶Cms plrmbm qum mstl satulbaòk lmbtl l cl ja`avmrsa`l` `mc cuilr6 ¶@m quá glkmrl6 l gg, pq ig gp-
Cl aktr`ubbaòk `m mspmbams mxòtabls mk uk sas tmgl mbcòiab pum`m rmsuctlr l cl clril, bg mc bls `m cs blstrms mk Pamrrl `mc Eumi, uk prjcmgl smra, yl yl qum `mvlstlk cs c s jsqums plrl
p, pv vi ( ) g g, q q q. ? . Uv x p q v. . ¶\uá gmblkasgs prbmss lvrmbmk mc lugmkt `m cl `avmrsa`l`6 kg, g q p i i gp , g v, i v. . ¶Buìcms cl rm`ubmk6 kg, q p i, gp g -
bkstruar sus lgss `aqums. X…W Cl aktr`ubbaòk `m blstrms ms aktmrmslktm prqum, mk uk prakbapa, sm aktr`udmrk sclgmk tm := plrmdls qum `amrk cuilr l ukl pjclbaòk qum, mk cl lbtulca`l`, sm blcbucl gìs lccì `m cs c s > gac lkaglcms. Rm aktr`udmrk mk uk sata plrtabuclr, cl bumkbl `mc rç Bclr (mk mc bmktr `m Pamrrl `mc Eumi), y `m lccç sm `aspmrslrk l t` mc lrboapaácli glilccìkab X…W.
p v. b p q v p og4 xp pq, o, p x g, . 1 . fv i gi q qá v i p .
c G, ^ìiakl/ . fv gi vv q g .
• Mktrm cfs lkaglcms, cfs qum sfk glgçemrfs y cfs
q . Gg4 p, gái. k gg4 p, p, . • @mktrf `m cfs lkaglcms, cfs qum rmsparlk bfk
p
p
gái
p
oo
. Lirôpmkcs `m lbumr` l cls saiuamktms blrlbtmrçstabls. • ^rmsmkbal `m msblgls.
^-sp (m i, p g p8 , ip v v). • Blplba`l` `m vfclr. 2 < > : . L . R l ` l r t s M c l a r f t a ` M ©
Gái-.
• Blplba`l` `m rmlcazlr eftfsçktmsas.
Oo-. . Cumi, rmlcabmk cls saiuamktms liruplbakms. • ^rmsmkbal f lusmkbal `m bácucls mublraftls.
^ á 4 p, gái, p, p , , p, oo. l á 4 . . • ^mrtmkmbmk lc rmakf ^clktlm, Lkaglcal f Gfkmrl.
^4 oo. lg4 lg 4 p, gái, p, p , , p G4 .
q q . jq4 p. k.q4 gái, , ¶Bakba`amrk lciuks p, `m cs irups qum p. oabamrk mk mc pukt y mk mc j6 ¶^r quá6 ¶Buìc brmmk qum ms cl rgl `m liruplr qum tamkm gìs mk bumktl cls rmclbakms mvcutavls mktrm cs rilkasgs6 ¶^r quá6 k iô ip, pq . c g ip ) g vv. ^ gp, p á p p vv, i q p ^, lg G. < < . ci o o p, ¶qá p vv6 ¶y g 6 ^ p. ^ < : . ¶bg i q p g p6 ^ p. ^ < 2 . ¶\á g g6 ¶^ qá6 ^ p. ^ < 0 . ¶\á g 6 ¶s i i 6 ^ p. ^
=5
Xrm` BfKBM^P]LCW
omtmròtrl
Rm
@m glkmrl
Rm
p
á Mstìk rgl`s pr VVVVVVVVVV
Rm rmclbaklk
\um pum`m smr
^ ‐‐‐‐‐
^ ‐‐‐‐‐ L Q Z L H ] M
Oi ‐‐‐‐‐ ^ ‐‐‐‐‐ Lkaglcms
Kumvls blrlbtmrçstabls
cfs smrms UaUfs
l aV r mV V t V b V l V j V u m
Rm cs pum`mk bclsaablr mk `gakas y rmaks
Rastmgls qum tamkmk `astakts
Kavmcms `m rilkazlbaòk
j ‐‐‐‐
Kumvs ak`ava`us \um pum`mk tmkmr
mvcubaklk
sk mstu`al`s bg L M L O B Z L
c qum `l raimk l
x
Glktamkmk cl ogmstlsas
Mublratls
smxulc
`m rgl
ìtgs gá ‐‐‐‐‐‐ i ‐‐‐‐‐‐ á ‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐ i ‐‐‐‐‐‐ g i ‐‐‐‐‐‐ rilkasgs
‐‐‐‐‐‐ p g ‐‐‐‐‐‐ g ‐‐‐‐‐‐ jasmrl
2 < > : . L . R l ` l r t s M c l a r f t a ` M ©
=9
Bpçf | cf vvf òfef X W m_^mraGmktFs mk ^l^mc
¶` ò g p ag6 m á xpg d jp v Og, q g q p g p . m vi p p pá xpg, p v q g g p g g , q o g pq. r g q op xpg , q -
i g v op. m gg U U Og pp q i i q p p. f p xpg4 . c g g v xpg g p . c xpg p g g q .
s ¶s j fxçif ` effç6 l a 2 < > : . L . R l ` l r t s M c l a r f t a ` M ©
t pp v xpg vá g p b m k m xi q . a b ^ p g, q q xi. m s v ‐q ` g‐ p q r p q v, m . ` op c c l t, p xi t , gv p p q v q p g gp p q p, q o g xi p p g. s q g pi p á, xpg ô v, q p pq gp. ` ip p , g i q p gg gg. Xrmsuctl`fsW ¶Mk quá bls cl vmcl `urò gìs tamgp mkbmk`a-
`l6 ¶bòg c mxpcablrçlk6 ¶Rm bkargò cl oapòtmsas `mc mxpmragmkt6 ¶Q cl prm`abbaòk6 ]k irup `m lcugks `m tr burs rmlcazòmc mxpmragmkt. Rus rmsuctl`s sm gumstrlk mk cl tljcl. @urlbaòk `m cl cclgl (mk smiuk`fs)
Umcl sfcl Umcl + pclktl
:> 2:
L g` `m bkbcusakms, msbrajamrk uk tmxt, pmr mstì akbgpcmt. Bgpcátmkc bk cs bgpumsts qum lctlk. Cl vmcl kmbmsatl xi plrl rmlcazlr cl bgjustaòk y glktmkmrsm mkbmk`a`l. Bg rmsuctl` `m cl bgjustaòk, cajmrlrì x . Ra cl vmcl mstì mk uk rmbapamktm omrgátab, bksugm mc xçimk bktmka` mk ác, y sm lplil. Ra cl vmcl mstì mkbmrrl`l bk cl pclktl, mc x cajmrl` `urlktm cl bgjustaòk ms blpturl` blptur l` pr cl pclktl qum, l su vmz, cajmrl xi . @m mstm g`, cl cclgl bktakôl bkta kôl mkbmk`a`l pr gìs tamgp.
LBPAUA@L@MR qá p hg. c vv (o g go ) p pv p xp q p gp t. ¶^ ¶^ qá pv g p g vv t6 c pv p s, gv p pg o g i ig 8 , v p g, g, p g go vv.
k á, q o p-
2 . s p p gp . . Mk cl tsçktmsas, cls pclktls cajmrlk l cl ltgòsmrl... `aòxa` `m blrjk. _ xçimk. liul. . Cs bcrpclsts sm mkbumktrlk mk cls bácucls `m... cls jlbtmrals tlutòtrls. cs quagalutòtrs.
_ cs mublratls tlutòtrs. . Cs tmda`s `m bk`ubbaòk `m cls pclktls vlsbuclrms trlksprtlk… _ slval jrutl y mcljrl`l. xçimk y `aòxa` `m blrjk. ôkablgmktm xçimk.
p, i0 . m p. lutòtrfef • omtmròtrfef • rmsparlbaòk bmcuclr •
tsçktmsas
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=1
l4 ig q p i gp q p g p i gp. O4 ig q g vv g. rp 4 p vá i8 g xi ig g, x . 4 p q v ig , i q g p i . = . c i x. ci, p i i.
2 < > : . L . R l ` l r t s M c l a r f t a ` M ©
Cls smcvls trfpablcms4 ¶pucgfkms `mc pclkmtl6 L gmku`f sm `abm qum cls smcvls smcvls sfk mc –pucgòk `mc pclkmtl‗, pfrqum su vmimtlbaòk cajmrl irlk`ms blkta`l`ms `m fxçimkf l cl ltgòsmrl. Rak mgjlrif, pmsm l cf qum gubol imktm brmm, cls pclktls tlgjaák rmsparlk. ^lrl glktmkmr sus ukbafkms vatlcms, cls pclktls `m irl`lkk icubfsl irl`l icubfsl mk sust sustlkbals lkbals gìs smkbaccls. smkbaccls. Mstm prfprfbmsf, pfr mc bulc sm fjtamkm mkmriçl l plrtar `m icubfsl, sm `mkfgakl p . Mk cl rmsparlbaòk, cls pclktls bfksugmk fxçimkf y mcagaklk `aòxa`f `m blrjfkf, aiulc qum mc rmstf `m ` m cfs smrms vavfs. @m mstm gf`f, cl pclktls glktamkmk uk jlclkbm mktrm cl blkta`l` `m fxçimkf cajmrl`f pfr cl ftfsçktmsas y cl blkta`l` `mc `mc gasgf gasgf ils qum bfksugmk mk cl rmsrmsparlbaòk. Bulk`f cl tmgpmrlturl lgjamktm ms guy lctl, bfgf fburrm mk cls smcvls trfpablcms, cl blkta`l` `m fxçimkf bfksuga`f pfr cl vmimtlbaòk sumcm smr glyfr l cl qum mstl cajmrl `urlktm cl ftfsçktmsas. @m mstm gf`f, mc jlclkbm `m ilsms mgata`fs pfr cl vmimtlbaòk `m mstls rmiafkms sumcm akbcaklrsm olbal cl mgasaòk `m `aòxa`f `m blrjfkf. . Mxpcaqumk bk sus plcljrls mc tçtuc `m cl ktl. ^ p. Og, i g –pg p‗ p xi. m i pi, q q p x q o q p p , g x . . ¶Buìc `m cls saiuamktms rlsms rmprmsmktl gmdr mc bktmka` `mc lrtçbuc6 c p xi g x p v p.
Mk cls smcvls trpablcms, cls pclktls bksugmk xçimk `urlktm cl tsçktmsas. Mk cl rmsparlbaòk bmcuclr, cls pclktls pr`ubmk gmkr blkta`l` `m xçimk qum mc qum cajmrlk `urlktm cl tsçktmsas. 5 . aq i g v (U) (). c i ig . U. r . c p q xi p vv. . c p gá p, p q xi. ^ q p , p i x . . lg q . c p g i g vá g. U. l vá g g xi x . Uv –mxpg pp‗ pi 9 .
Xrm` BfKBM^P]LC W
O
@m lbumr` bk mc tap `m lcagmktlbaòk cs smrms vavs sm bclsaablk mk4
MBfRARPMGLR
‐‐‐‐‐‐ qum jtamkmk su lcagmkt `m trs omtmròtrs `m cs4
Rk cl jlsm lcagmktlral `m cs
lutòtrffs qum saktmtazlk su prpa lcagmkt y sm liruplk mk4
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
\]AGAfL]PÒPZfEfR
qum uslk
qum uslk
cl mkmriçl `m cl cuz sclr Rm bclsaablk mk
^CLKPLR
^ZfPARPLR
BCfZf^CLRPfR
Q sk
cl mkmriçl `m rmlbbakms quçgabls mktrm bgpums ts akriìkab akriìkabs s
JLBPMZALR
BALKfJLBPMZALR buy prakbaplc paigmkt ms
b VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
j qg VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
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Bpçf : . L . R l ` l r t s M c l a r f t a ` M ©
, gg, p, pp g m , ` o q . c op r t q , m g , i g c c q pp o. l t b q p -
i , p p xpg xp g g g ,, p gp, gp , o . ` vi o g xpg p p p. Xrmsuctl`fsW
@m lbumr` cl prm`abbaòk Plccmr, mc kôgmr ttlc `mbk lgpuclrals qum `mc vasatmk cl mc`ml `mjmrçl smr glyr lc kôgmr `m lgpuclrals qum vasatmk mc plk y cl cmbouil. ¶Rus rmsuctl`s bakba`mk bk cl prm`abbaòk6 Mk
bls `m qum k, mcljrmk ukl mxpcablbaòk lbmrbl `m cls prmmrmkbals y `m cl `aspkajaca`l` `m lcagmkt mk mc lgjamktm klturlc `m mstm lkaglc. ]k irup `m lcugks qum rmlcazò cl mxpmramkbal jtuv cs saiuamktms rmsuctl`s.
LCAGMKPF KÔGMZF PFPLC @M BLZLBFCMR FJRMZUL@FR
MCF@ML
CMBO]IL
Cumi, jusblrk akrglbaòk sjrm cl bgpsabaòk `mc plk. Mc plk tamkm gubo lcga`òk, ukl sustlkbal bgpumstl pr icubsl, lc aiulc qum cl bmcucsl `m cls pclktls, pmr qum ms gubo gìs ìbac `m `aimrar. ¶\uá bkbcusaòk brmmk qum oljrìk slbl` msts lcugks6 b oi, i , q gpp g. gi, p,s g p g p go g i, p .
LBPAUA@L@MR < . avi g g iv p ^fglbml blklcabucltl. ^ p. ^ : . ¶\á 6 r .
. 2 . ¶\á p p6 ¶\á p p p p g g6 ^ p. m gp q ^
^ p. m gp q ^ g p p g. c q -
g p p g. li 4 iv , ogi Rfcmkfpsas imgakltl (p ov).
5:
mstu`Af @M BLRf
X W
lbv lb v`` `` e
bv i g v. Á p g qá p g g g x v . c g o p p g g , p , p i. c p p g p ov ov. . ¶^ qá g pi p g o g g x6 lg v v , v g vv . ci, , q g g o g x o g .
2 . u p q o iô p. Gumcls irlk`ms Cljas irumss Cmkiul gusbucsl Jbl lgpcal
Ov bv
Akbasavss brts Akbasav br ts y puktaliu`s Akbasavss bg brtlktms Akbasav br tlktms
0 . c i x p pi q . ¡Mstì vavf! Mk bamrtl frgl, mc plk `m tf`fs cfs `çls mstì f mstuvf `urlktm su mcljfrlbaòk guy pmrf guy vavf. Ra jamk omgfs mstl`f bfgamk`f plk `urlktm gacms `m lüfs, cf qum fburrçl `urlktm su ljrablbaòk um uk gastmraf olstl qum uk bamktçbf, Cfuas ^lstmur (
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