HTML Tutorial w3schools

HTML Tutorial With HTML you can create your own Web site. This tutorial teaches you everything about HTML. HTML is easy to learn - You will enjoy it.

Examples in Each Chapter This HTML tutorial contains hundreds of HTML examples. With our online HTML editor, you can edit the HTML, and click on a button to view the result.

Example My First Heading My first paragraph. Try it yourself »

Click on the "Try it yourself" button to see how it works

Start learning HTML now!

HTML Introduction « Previous Example My First Heading My first paragraph. Try it yourself »

What is HTML? HTML is a language for describing web pages.

   

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language A markup language is a set of markup tags HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages

Next Chapter »

HTML Tags HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags

   

HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like HTML tags normally come in pairs like and The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

HTML Documents = Web Pages   

HTML documents describe web pages HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text HTML documents are also called web pages

The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page:

My First Heading My first paragraph.

Example Explained    

The text between and describes the web page The text between and is the visible page content The text between and is displayed as a heading The text between and is displayed as a paragraph

HTML - Getting Started What You Need You don't need any tools to learn HTML at W3Schools.

  

You don't need an HTML editor You don't need a web server You don't need a web site

Editing HTML HTML can be written and edited using many different editors like Dreamweaver and Visual Studio. However, in this tutorial we use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML. We believe using a plain text editor is the best way to learn HTML.

Create Your Own Test Web If you just want to learn HTML, skip the rest of this chapter. If you want to create a test page on your own computer, just copy the 3 files below to your desktop. (Right click on each link, and select "save target as" or "save link as") mainpage.htm page1.htm page2.htm After you have copied the files, you can double-click on the file called "mainpage.htm" and see your first web site in action.

Use Your Test Web For Learning We suggest you experiment with everything you learn at W3Schools by editing your web files with a text editor (like Notepad). Note: If your test web contains HTML markup tags you have not learned, don't panic. You will learn all about it in the next chapters.

.HTM or .HTML File Extension? When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. There is no difference, it is entirely up to you.

HTML Basic - 4 Examples Don't worry if the examples use tags you have not learned. You will learn about them in the next chapters.

HTML Headings HTML headings are defined with the to tags.

Example This is a heading This is a heading This is a heading Try it yourself »

HTML Paragraphs HTML paragraphs are defined with the tag.

Example

This is a paragraph. This is another paragraph. Try it yourself »

HTML Links HTML links are defined with the tag.

Example This is a link Try it yourself »

Note: The link address is specified in the href attribute. (You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial).

HTML Images HTML images are defined with the tag.

Example Try it yourself »

Note: The name and the size of the image are provided as attributes.

HTML Elements HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.

HTML Elements An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

Start tag *

Element content

End tag *



This is a paragraph





This is a link



* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.

HTML Element Syntax      

An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag The element content is everything between the start and the end tag Some HTML elements have empty content Empty elements are closed in the start tag Most HTML elements can have attributes

Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.

Nested HTML Elements Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements). HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

HTML Document Example This is my first paragraph.

The example above contains 3 HTML elements.

HTML Example Explained The element:

This is my first paragraph.

The element defines a paragraph in the HTML document. The element has a start tag and an end tag . The element content is: This is my first paragraph. The element:

This is my first paragraph.

The element defines the body of the HTML document. The element has a start tag and an end tag . The element content is another HTML element (a p element). The element:

This is my first paragraph.

The element defines the whole HTML document. The element has a start tag and an end tag . The element content is another HTML element (the body element).

Don't Forget the End Tag Some HTML elements might display correctly even if you forget the end tag:

This is a paragraph This is a paragraph

The example above works in most browsers, because the closing tag is considered optional. Never rely on this. Many HTML elements will produce unexpected results and/or errors if you forget the end tag .

Empty HTML Elements HTML elements with no content are called empty elements. is an empty element without a closing tag (the tag defines a line break). Tip: In XHTML, all elements must be closed. Adding a slash inside the start tag, like , is the proper way of closing empty elements in XHTML (and XML).

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags HTML tags are not case sensitive: means the same as . Many web sites use uppercase HTML tags. W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in XHTML.

HTML Attributes Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes    

HTML elements can have attributes Attributes provide additional information about an element Attributes are always specified in the start tag Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

Attribute Example HTML links are defined with the tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute:

Example This is a link

Try it yourself »

Always Quote Attribute Values Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes. Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed.

Tip: In some rare situations, when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes: name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive. However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in their HTML 4 recommendation. Newer versions of (X)HTML will demand lowercase attributes.

HTML Attributes Reference A complete list of legal attributes for each HTML element is listed in our: Complete HTML Reference Below is a list of some attributes that are standard for most HTML elements: Attribute

Value

Description

class

classname

Specifies a classname for an element

id

id

Specifies a unique id for an element

style

style_definition

Specifies an inline style for an element

title

tooltip_text

Specifies extra information about an element (displayed as a tool tip)

HTML Headings Headings are important in HTML documents.

HTML Headings Headings are defined with the to tags. defines the most important heading. defines the least important heading.

Example This is a heading This is a heading This is a heading Try it yourself »

Note: Browsers automatically add some empty space (a margin) before and after each heading.

Headings Are Important Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold. Search engines use your headings to index the structure and content of your web pages. Since users may skim your pages by its headings, it is important to use headings to show the document structure. H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2 headings, then the less important H3 headings, and so on.

HTML Lines The tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page. The hr element can be used to separate content:

Example This is a paragraph This is a paragraph This is a paragraph Try it yourself »

HTML Comments Comments can be inserted into the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable. Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed. Comments are written like this:

Example Try it yourself »

Note: There is an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing bracket.

HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?" To find out, right-click in the page and select "View Source" (IE) or "View Page Source" (Firefox), or similar for other browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML code of the page.

Examples From This Page Headings How to display headings in an HTML document. Hidden comments How to insert comments in the HTML source code.

Horizontal lines How to insert a horizontal line.

HTML Tag Reference W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about these tags and their attributes. You will learn more about HTML tags and attributes in the next chapters of this tutorial. Tag

Description



Defines an HTML document



Defines the document's body

to

Defines HTML headings



Defines a horizontal line



Defines a comment

HTML Paragraphs HTML documents are divided into paragraphs.

HTML Paragraphs Paragraphs are defined with the tag.

Example This is a paragraph This is another paragraph Try it yourself »

Note: Browsers automatically add an empty line before and after a paragraph.

Don't Forget the End Tag Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:

Example This is a paragraph This is another paragraph Try it yourself »

The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can produce unexpected results or errors. Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.

HTML Line Breaks Use the tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:

Example This isa paragraph with line breaks Try it yourself »

The element is an empty HTML element. It has no end tag.

or In XHTML, XML, and future versions of HTML, HTML elements with no end tag (closing tag) are not allowed. Even if works in all browsers, writing instead is more future proof.

HTML Output - Useful Tips You cannot be sure how HTML will be displayed. Large or small screens, and resized windows will create different results. With HTML, you cannot change the output by adding extra spaces or extra lines in your HTML code. The browser will remove extra spaces and extra lines when the page is displayed. Any number of lines count as one line, and any number of spaces count as one space. Try it yourself (The example demonstrates some HTML formatting problems)

HTML Tag Reference W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about HTML elements and their attributes.

Tag

Description



Defines a paragraph



Inserts a single line break

HTML Text Formatting « Previous

Next Chapter »

HTML Text Formatting This text is bold

This text is big This text is italic

This is computer output This is subscript and

superscript

Try it yourself »

This text is bold This text is strong This text is big This text is italic This text is emphasized This is computer output This is subscript and superscript

This text is bold This text is strong

This text is big This text is italic This text is emphasized This is computer output

This is subscript and superscript HTML Formatting Tags HTML uses tags like and for formatting output, like bold or italic text. These HTML tags are called formatting tags (look at the bottom of this page for a complete reference).

Often renders as , and renders as . However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags: or defines bold or italic text only. or means that you want the text to be rendered in a way that the user understands as "important". Today, all major browsers render strong as bold and em as italics. However, if a browser one day wants to make a text highlighted with the strong feature, it might be cursive for example and not bold!

Try it Yourself - Examples Text formatting How to format text in an HTML document. Preformatted text How to control the line breaks and spaces with the pre tag. "Computer output" tags How different "computer output" tags will be displayed.

Address How to define contact information for the author/owner of an HTML document. Abbreviations and acronyms How to handle abbreviations and acronyms. Text direction How to change the text direction. Quotations How to handle long and short quotations. Deleted and inserted text How to mark deleted and inserted text.

HTML Text Formatting Tags Tag

Description



Defines bold text



Defines big text



Defines emphasized text



Defines italic text



Defines small text



Defines strong text



Defines subscripted text



Defines superscripted text



Defines inserted text



Defines deleted text

HTML "Computer Output" Tags Tag

Description



Defines computer code text



Defines keyboard text



Defines sample computer code



Defines teletype text



Defines a variable



Defines preformatted text

HTML Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags Tag

Description



Defines an abbreviation



Defines an acronym



Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document



Defines the text direction



Defines a long quotation



Defines a short quotation



Defines a citation



Defines a definition term

HTML Styles - CSS « Previous CSS is used to style HTML elements.

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Look! Styles and colors This text is in Verdana and red This text is in Times and blue

This text is 30 pixels high Try it yourself

Styling HTML with CSS CSS was introduced with HTML 4, to provide a common way to style HTML elements. CSS styling can be added to HTML in the following ways

  

in separate style sheet files (CSS files) in the style element in the HTML head section in the style attribute in single HTML elements.

Using the HTML Style Attribute It is time consuming and not very practical to style HTML elements using the style attribute. The preferred way to add CSS to HTML, is to put CSS syntax in separate CSS files. However, in this HTML tutorial we will introduce you to CSS using the style attribute. This is done to simplify the examples. It also makes it easier for you to edit the code and try it yourself. You can learn everything about styles and CSS in our CSS Tutorial.

HTML Style Example - Background Color The background-color property defines the background color for an element:

Example This is a heading This is a paragraph. Try it yourself »

The style attribute makes the "old" bgcolor attribute obsolete. Try it yourself: Background color the old way

HTML Style Example - Font, Color and Size The font-family, color, and font-size properties defines the font, color, and size of the text in an element:

Example A heading A paragraph. Try it yourself »

The style attribute makes the old tag obsolete. Try it yourself: Fonts the old way

HTML Style Example - Text Alignment The text-align property specifies the horizontal alignment of text in an element:

Example This is a heading The heading above is aligned to the center of this page. Try it yourself »

The style attribute makes the old "align" attribute obsolete. Try it yourself: Centered heading the old way

Deprecated Tags and Attributes In HTML 4, several tags and attributes are deprecated. Deprecated means that they will not be supported in future versions of HTML and XHTML.

The message is clear: Avoid using deprecated tags and attributes! These tags and attributes should be avoided: Tags

Description



Deprecated. Defines centered content

and

Deprecated. Defines HTML fonts

and

Deprecated. Defines strikethrough text



Deprecated. Defines underlined text

Attributes

Description

align

Deprecated. Defines the alignment of text

bgcolor

Deprecated. Defines the background color

color

Deprecated. Defines the text color

For all of the above: Use styles instead!

HTML Links

« Previous

Next Chapter »

Links are found in nearly all Web pages. Links allow users to click their way from page to page.

Try it Yourself - Examples HTML links How to create links in an HTML document. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

HTML Hyperlinks (Links) A hyperlink (or link) is a word, group of words, or image that you can click on to jump to a new document or a new section within the current document. When you move the cursor over a link in a Web page, the arrow will turn into a little hand. Links are specified in HTML using the tag. The tag can be used in two ways: 1. 2.

To create a link to another document, by using the href attribute To create a bookmark inside a document, by using the name attribute

HTML Link Syntax The HTML code for a link is simple. It looks like this:

Link text

The href attribute specifies the destination of a link.

Example Visit W3Schools

which will display like this: Visit W3Schools Clicking on this hyperlink will send the user to W3Schools' homepage. Tip: The "Link text" doesn't have to be text. You can link from an image or any other HTML element.

HTML Links - The target Attribute The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document. The example below will open the linked document in a new browser window:

Example Visit W3Schools! Try it yourself »

HTML Links - The name Attribute The name attribute specifies the name of an anchor. The name attribute is used to create a bookmark inside an HTML document. Note: The upcoming HTML5 standard suggest using the id attribute instead of the name attribute for specifying the name of an anchor. Using the id attribute actually works also for HTML4 in all modern browsers. Bookmarks are not displayed in any special way. They are invisible to the reader.

Example A named anchor inside an HTML document:

Useful Tips Section

Create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" inside the same document:

Visit the Useful Tips Section

Or, create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" from another page:

Visit the Useful Tips Section

Basic Notes - Useful Tips Note: Always add a trailing slash to subfolder references. If you link like this: href="http://www.w3schools.com/html", you will generate two requests to the server, the server will first add a slash to the address, and then create a new request like this: href="http://www.w3schools.com/html/". Tip: Named anchors are often used to create "table of contents" at the beginning of a large document. Each chapter within the document is given a named anchor, and links to each of these anchors are put at the top of the document. Tip: If a browser does not find the named anchor specified, it goes to the top of the document. No error occurs.

More Examples An image as a link How to use an image as a link. Link to a location on the same page How to link to a bookmark. Break out of a frame How to break out of a frame (if your site is locked in a frame). Create a mailto link How to link to a mail message (will only work if you have mail installed). Create a mailto link 2 Another mailto link.

HTML Link Tags

Tag

Description



Defines an anchor

HTML Images « Previous

Next Chapter »

Example

Norwegian Mountain Trip

Try it yourself »

Norwegian Mountain Trip

Try it Yourself - Examples Insert images How to insert images into an HTML document. Insert images from different locations How to insert an image from another folder or another server. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).

HTML Images - The Tag and the Src Attribute In HTML, images are defined with the tag. The tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag.

To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display. Syntax for defining an image:



The URL points to the location where the image is stored. An image named "boat.gif", located in the "images" directory on "www.w3schools.com" has the URL: http://www.w3schools.com/images/boat.gif. The browser displays the image where the tag occurs in the document. If you put an image tag between two paragraphs, the browser shows the first paragraph, then the image, and then the second paragraph.

HTML Images - The Alt Attribute The required alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed. The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text:



The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a user for some reason cannot view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader).

HTML Images - Set Height and Width of an Image The height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of an image. The attribute values are specified in pixels by default:



Tip: It is a good practice to specify both the height and width attributes for an image. If these attributes are set, the space required for the image is reserved when the page is loaded. However, without these attributes, the browser does not know the size of the image. The effect will be that the page layout will change during loading (while the images load).

Basic Notes - Useful Tips Note: If an HTML file contains ten images - eleven files are required to display the page right. Loading images take time, so my best advice is: Use images carefully. Note: When a web page is loaded, it is the browser, at that moment, that actually gets the image from a web server and inserts it into the page. Therefore, make sure that the images actually stay in the same spot in relation to the web page, otherwise your visitors will get a broken link icon. The broken link icon is shown if the browser cannot find the image.

More Examples Aligning images How to align an image within the text. Let the image float How to let an image float to the left or right of a paragraph. Make a hyperlink of an image How to use an image as a link. Create an image map How to create an image map, with clickable regions. Each of the regions is a hyperlink.

HTML Image Tags Tag

Description



Defines an image



Defines an image-map



Defines a clickable area inside an image-map

HTML Tables « Previous

Next Chapter »

HTML Tables Apples

44%

Bananas

23%

Oranges

13%

Other

10%

Try it Yourself - Examples Tables How to create tables in an HTML document. Table borders How to specify different table borders. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).

HTML Tables Tables are defined with the tag. A table is divided into rows (with the tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the tag). td stands for "table data," and holds the content of a data cell. A tag can contain text, links, images, lists, forms, other tables, etc.

Table Example row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

HTML Tables and the Border Attribute

If you do not specify a border attribute, the table will be displayed without borders. Sometimes this can be useful, but most of the time, we want the borders to show. To display a table with borders, specify the border attribute:

Row 1, cell 1 Row 1, cell 2

HTML Table Headers Header information in a table are defined with the tag. All major browsers will display the text in the element as bold and centered.

Header 1 Header 2 row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

How the HTML code above looks in your browser:

Header 1

Header 2

row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

HTML Lists « Previous

Next Chapter »

The most common HTML lists are ordered and unordered lists: HTML Lists

An ordered list: 1. 2. 3.

The first list item The second list item The third list item

An unordered list:

  

List item List item List item

Try-It-Yourself Examples

Unordered list How to create an unordered list in an HTML document. Ordered list How to create an ordered list in an HTML document. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).

HTML Unordered Lists An unordered list starts with the tag. Each list item starts with the tag. The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles).

Coffee Milk

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

 

Coffee Milk

HTML Ordered Lists An ordered list starts with the tag. Each list item starts with the tag. The list items are marked with numbers.

Coffee Milk

How the HTML code above looks in a browser: 1. 2.

Coffee Milk

HTML Definition Lists A definition list is a list of items, with a description of each item. The tag defines a definition list. The tag is used in conjunction with (defines the item in the list) and (describes the item in the list):

Coffee

- black hot drink Milk - white cold drink

How the HTML code above looks in a browser: Coffee - black hot drink Milk - white cold drink

Basic Notes - Useful Tips Tip: Inside a list item you can put text, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.

More Examples Different types of ordered lists Demonstrates different types of ordered lists. Different types of unordered lists Demonstrates different types of unordered lists. Nested list Demonstrates how you can nest lists. Nested list 2 Demonstrates a more complicated nested list. Definition list Demonstrates a definition list.

HTML List Tags Tag

Description



Defines an ordered list



Defines an unordered list



Defines a list item



Defines a definition list



Defines an item in a definition list



Defines a description of an item in a definition list

HTML Forms and Input « Previous

Next Chapter »

HTML Forms are used to select different kinds of user input.

Try-It-Yourself Examples Create text fields How to create text fields. The user can write text in a text field. Create password field How to create a password field. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

HTML Forms HTML forms are used to pass data to a server. A form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label elements. The tag is used to create an HTML form:

. input elements .

HTML Forms - The Input Element The most important form element is the input element. The input element is used to select user information. An input element can vary in many ways, depending on the type attribute. An input element can be of type text field, checkbox, password, radio button, submit button, and more. The most used input types are described below.

Text Fields defines a one-line input field that a user can enter text into:

First name: Last name:

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

First name: Last name: Note: The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of a text field is 20 characters.

Password Field defines a password field:

Password:

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Password: Note: The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).

Radio Buttons defines a radio button. Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE one of a limited number of choices:

Male Female

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Male Female

Checkboxes defines a checkbox. Checkboxes let a user select ONE or MORE options of a limited number of choices.

I have a bike I have a car

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

I have a bike I have a car

Submit Button defines a submit button. A submit button is used to send form data to a server. The data is sent to the page specified in the form's action attribute. The file defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received input:

Username:

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Submit

Username:

If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the "Submit" button, the browser will send your input to a page called "html_form_action.asp". The page will show you the received input.

More Input Examples Radio buttons How to create radio buttons. Checkboxes How to create checkboxes. A user can select or unselect a checkbox. Simple drop-down list How to create a simple drop-down list. Drop-down list with a pre-selected value How to create a drop-down list with a pre-selected value. Textarea How to create a multi-line text input control. In a text-area the user can write an unlimited number of characters. Create a button How to create a button.

Form Examples Fieldset around form-data How to create a border around elements in a form. Form with text fields and a submit button How to create a form with two text fields and a submit button. Form with checkboxes How to create a form with three checkboxes and a submit button. Form with radio buttons How to create a form with two radio buttons, and a submit button. Send e-mail from a form How to send e-mail from a form.

HTML Form Tags Tag

Description



Defines an HTML form for user input



Defines an input control



Defines a multi-line text input control



Defines a label for an input element



Defines a border around elements in a form



Defines a caption for a fieldset element



Defines a select list (drop-down list)



Defines a group of related options in a select list



Defines an option in a select list



Defines a push button

HTML Frames « Previous

Next Chapter »

With frames, several Web pages can be displayed in the same browser window. ATTENTION. Do not expect frames to be supported in future versions of HTML.

Try-It-Yourself Examples Vertical frameset How to make a vertical frameset with three different documents. Horizontal frameset How to make a horizontal frameset with three different documents. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

HTML Frames With frames, you can display more than one HTML document in the same browser window. Each HTML document is called a frame, and each frame is independent of the others. The disadvantages of using frames are:

  

Frames are not expected to be supported in future versions of HTML Frames are difficult to use. (Printing the entire page is difficult). The web developer must keep track of more HTML documents

The HTML frameset Element The frameset element holds one or more frame elements. Each frame element can hold a separate document. The frameset element states HOW MANY columns or rows there will be in the frameset, and HOW MUCH percentage/pixels of space will occupy each of them.

The HTML frame Element The tag defines one particular window (frame) within a frameset. In the example below we have a frameset with two columns. The first column is set to 25% of the width of the browser window. The second column is set to 75% of the width of the browser window. The document "frame_a.htm" is put into the first column, and the document "frame_b.htm" is put into the second column:



Note: The frameset column size can also be set in pixels (cols="200,500"), and one of the columns can be set to use the remaining space, with an asterisk (cols="25%,*").

Basic Notes - Useful Tips Tip: If a frame has visible borders, the user can resize it by dragging the border. To prevent a user from doing this, you can add noresize="noresize" to the tag. Note: Add the tag for browsers that do not support frames. Important: You cannot use the tags together with the tags! However, if you add a tag containing some text for browsers that do not support frames, you will have to enclose the text in tags! See how it is done in the first example below.

More Examples How to use the tag How to use the tag (for browsers that do not support frames). Nested framesets How to create a frameset with three documents, and how to mix them in rows and columns. Frameset with noresize="noresize" How to use the noresize attribute. Move the mouse over the borders between the frames and notice that you cannot move the borders. Navigation frame How to make a navigation frame. The navigation frame contains a list of links with the second frame as the target. The file called "tryhtml_contents.htm" contains three links. The source code of the links: Frame a Frame b Frame c The second frame will show the linked document. Jump to a specified section within a frame Two frames. One of the frames has a source to a specified section in a file. The specified section is made with in the "link.htm" file. Jump to a specified section with frame navigation Two frames. The navigation frame (content.htm) to the left contains a list of links with the second frame (link.htm) as a target. The second frame shows the linked document. One of the links in the navigation frame is linked to a specified section in the target file. The HTML code in the file "content.htm" looks like this: Link without AnchorLink with Anchor.

HTML Frame Tags Tag

Description



Defines a set of frames



Defines a sub window (a frame)



Defines a noframe section for browsers that do not handle frames

HTML Iframes « Previous An iframe is used to display a web page within a web page.

Syntax for adding an iframe:

Next Chapter »



The URL points to the location of the separate page.

Iframe - Set Height and Width The height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of the iframe. The attribute values are specified in pixels by default, but they can also be in percent (like "80%").

Example Try it yourself »

Some older browsers don't support iframes. If they don't, the iframe will not be visible.

Iframe - Remove the Border The frameborder attribute specifies whether or not to display a border around the iframe. Set the attribute value to "0" to remove the border:

Example Try it yourself »

Some older browsers don't support iframes. If they don't, the iframe will not be visible.

Use iframe as a Target for a Link An iframe can be used as the target frame for a link. The target attribute of a link must refer to the name attribute of the iframe:

Example

W3Schools.com Try it yourself »

W3Schools.com Note: Because the target of the link matches the name of the iframe, the link will open in the iframe.

HTML iframe Tag Tag

Description



Defines an inline sub window (frame)

HTML Colors « Previous

Next Chapter »

Colors are displayed combining RED, GREEN, and BLUE light.

Color Values HTML colors are defined using a hexadecimal notation (HEX) for the combination of Red, Green, and Blue color values (RGB). The lowest value that can be given to one of the light sources is 0 (in HEX: 00). The highest value is 255 (in HEX: FF). HEX values are specified as 3 pairs of two-digit numbers, starting with a # sign.

Color Values Color

Color HEX

Color RGB

#000000

rgb(0,0,0)

#FF0000

rgb(255,0,0)

#00FF00

rgb(0,255,0)

#0000FF

rgb(0,0,255)

#FFFF00

rgb(255,255,0)

#00FFFF

rgb(0,255,255)

#FF00FF

rgb(255,0,255)

#C0C0C0

rgb(192,192,192)

#FFFFFF

rgb(255,255,255)

Try it yourself »

16 Million Different Colors The combination of Red, Green, and Blue values from 0 to 255, gives more than 16 million different colors (256 x 256 x 256). If you look at the color table below, you will see the result of varying the red light from 0 to 255, while keeping the green and blue light at zero.

To see the full list of color mixes when RED varies from 0 to 255, click on one of the HEX or RGB values below. Red Light

Color HEX

Color RGB

#000000

rgb(0,0,0)

#080000

rgb(8,0,0)

#100000

rgb(16,0,0)

#180000

rgb(24,0,0)

#200000

rgb(32,0,0)

#280000

rgb(40,0,0)

#300000

rgb(48,0,0)

#380000

rgb(56,0,0)

#400000

rgb(64,0,0)

#480000

rgb(72,0,0)

#500000

rgb(80,0,0)

#580000

rgb(88,0,0)

#600000

rgb(96,0,0)

#680000

rgb(104,0,0)

#700000

rgb(112,0,0)

#780000

rgb(120,0,0)

#800000

rgb(128,0,0)

#880000

rgb(136,0,0)

#900000

rgb(144,0,0)

#980000

rgb(152,0,0)

#A00000

rgb(160,0,0)

#A80000

rgb(168,0,0)

#B00000

rgb(176,0,0)

#B80000

rgb(184,0,0)

#C00000

rgb(192,0,0)

#C80000

rgb(200,0,0)

#D00000

rgb(208,0,0)

#D80000

rgb(216,0,0)

#E00000

rgb(224,0,0)

#E80000

rgb(232,0,0)

#F00000

rgb(240,0,0)

#F80000

rgb(248,0,0)

#FF0000

rgb(255,0,0)

Shades of Gray Gray colors are created by using an equal amount of power to all of the light sources. To make it easier for you to select the correct shade, we have created a table of gray shades for you: Gray Shades

Color HEX

Color RGB

#000000

rgb(0,0,0)

#080808

rgb(8,8,8)

#101010

rgb(16,16,16)

#181818

rgb(24,24,24)

#202020

rgb(32,32,32)

#282828

rgb(40,40,40)

#303030

rgb(48,48,48)

#383838

rgb(56,56,56)

#404040

rgb(64,64,64)

#484848

rgb(72,72,72)

#505050

rgb(80,80,80)

#585858

rgb(88,88,88)

#606060

rgb(96,96,96)

#686868

rgb(104,104,104)

#707070

rgb(112,112,112)

#787878

rgb(120,120,120)

#808080

rgb(128,128,128)

#888888

rgb(136,136,136)

#909090

rgb(144,144,144)

#989898

rgb(152,152,152)

#A0A0A0

rgb(160,160,160)

#A8A8A8

rgb(168,168,168)

#B0B0B0

rgb(176,176,176)

#B8B8B8

rgb(184,184,184)

#C0C0C0

rgb(192,192,192)

#C8C8C8

rgb(200,200,200)

#D0D0D0

rgb(208,208,208)

#D8D8D8

rgb(216,216,216)

#E0E0E0

rgb(224,224,224)

#E8E8E8

rgb(232,232,232)

#F0F0F0

rgb(240,240,240)

#F8F8F8

rgb(248,248,248)

#FFFFFF

rgb(255,255,255)

Web Safe Colors? Some years ago, when computers supported max 256 different colors, a list of 216 "Web Safe Colors" was suggested as a Web standard, reserving 40 fixed system colors. The 216 cross-browser color palette was created to ensure that all computers would display the colors correctly when running a 256 color palette. This is not important today, since most computers can display millions of different colors. Anyway, here is the list:

000000

000033

000066

000099

0000CC

0000FF

003300

003333

003366

003399

0033CC

0033FF

006600

006633

006666

006699

0066CC

0066FF

009900

009933

009966

009999

0099CC

0099FF

00CC00

00CC33

00CC66

00CC99

00CCCC

00CCFF

00FF00

00FF33

00FF66

00FF99

00FFCC

00FFFF

330000

330033

330066

330099

3300CC

3300FF

333300

333333

333366

333399

3333CC

3333FF

336600

336633

336666

336699

3366CC

3366FF

339900

339933

339966

339999

3399CC

3399FF

33CC00

33CC33

33CC66

33CC99

33CCCC

33CCFF

33FF00

33FF33

33FF66

33FF99

33FFCC

33FFFF

660000

660033

660066

660099

6600CC

6600FF

663300

663333

663366

663399

6633CC

6633FF

666600

666633

666666

666699

6666CC

6666FF

669900

669933

669966

669999

6699CC

6699FF

66CC00

66CC33

66CC66

66CC99

66CCCC

66CCFF

66FF00

66FF33

66FF66

66FF99

66FFCC

66FFFF

990000

990033

990066

990099

9900CC

9900FF

993300

993333

993366

993399

9933CC

9933FF

996600

996633

996666

996699

9966CC

9966FF

999900

999933

999966

999999

9999CC

9999FF

99CC00

99CC33

99CC66

99CC99

99CCCC

99CCFF

99FF00

99FF33

99FF66

99FF99

99FFCC

99FFFF

CC0000

CC0033

CC0066

CC0099

CC00CC

CC00FF

CC3300

CC3333

CC3366

CC3399

CC33CC

CC33FF

CC6600

CC6633

CC6666

CC6699

CC66CC

CC66FF

CC9900

CC9933

CC9966

CC9999

CC99CC

CC99FF

CCCC00

CCCC33

CCCC66

CCCC99

CCCCCC

CCCCFF

CCFF00

CCFF33

CCFF66

CCFF99

CCFFCC

CCFFFF

FF0000

FF0033

FF0066

FF0099

FF00CC

FF00FF

FF3300

FF3333

FF3366

FF3399

FF33CC

FF33FF

FF6600

FF6633

FF6666

FF6699

FF66CC

FF66FF

FF9900

FF9933

FF9966

FF9999

FF99CC

FF99FF

FFCC00

FFCC33

FFCC66

FFCC99

FFCCCC

FFCCFF

FFFF00

FFFF33

FFFF66

FFFF99

FFFFCC

FFFFFF

HTML Color Names « Previous

Next Chapter »

Color Names Supported by All Browsers 147 color names are defined in the HTML and CSS color specification (17 standard colors plus 130 more). The table below lists them all, along with their hexadecimal values.

Tip: The 17 standard colors are: aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, grey, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow. Click on a color name (or a hex value) to view the color as the background-color along with different text colors:

Sorted by Color Name Same list sorted by hex values Color Name

HEX

Shades

Mix

AliceBlue

#F0F8FF

Color

Shades

Mix

AntiqueWhite

#FAEBD7

Shades

Mix

Aqua

#00FFFF

Shades

Mix

Aquamarine

#7FFFD4

Shades

Mix

Azure

#F0FFFF

Shades

Mix

Beige

#F5F5DC

Shades

Mix

Bisque

#FFE4C4

Shades

Mix

Black

#000000

Shades

Mix

BlanchedAlmond

#FFEBCD

Shades

Mix

Blue

#0000FF

Shades

Mix

BlueViolet

#8A2BE2

Shades

Mix

Brown

#A52A2A

Shades

Mix

BurlyWood

#DEB887

Shades

Mix

CadetBlue

#5F9EA0

Shades

Mix

Chartreuse

#7FFF00

Shades

Mix

Chocolate

#D2691E

Shades

Mix

Coral

#FF7F50

Shades

Mix

CornflowerBlue

#6495ED

Shades

Mix

Cornsilk

#FFF8DC

Shades

Mix

Crimson

#DC143C

Shades

Mix

Cyan

#00FFFF

Shades

Mix

DarkBlue

#00008B

Shades

Mix

DarkCyan

#008B8B

Shades

Mix

DarkGoldenRod

#B8860B

Shades

Mix

DarkGray

#A9A9A9

Shades

Mix

DarkGrey

#A9A9A9

Shades

Mix

DarkGreen

#006400

Shades

Mix

DarkKhaki

#BDB76B

Shades

Mix

DarkMagenta

#8B008B

Shades

Mix

DarkOliveGreen

#556B2F

Shades

Mix

Darkorange

#FF8C00

Shades

Mix

DarkOrchid

#9932CC

Shades

Mix

DarkRed

#8B0000

Shades

Mix

DarkSalmon

#E9967A

Shades

Mix

DarkSeaGreen

#8FBC8F

Shades

Mix

DarkSlateBlue

#483D8B

Shades

Mix

DarkSlateGray

#2F4F4F

Shades

Mix

DarkSlateGrey

#2F4F4F

Shades

Mix

DarkTurquoise

#00CED1

Shades

Mix

DarkViolet

#9400D3

Shades

Mix

DeepPink

#FF1493

Shades

Mix

DeepSkyBlue

#00BFFF

Shades

Mix

DimGray

#696969

Shades

Mix

DimGrey

#696969

Shades

Mix

DodgerBlue

#1E90FF

Shades

Mix

FireBrick

#B22222

Shades

Mix

FloralWhite

#FFFAF0

Shades

Mix

ForestGreen

#228B22

Shades

Mix

Fuchsia

#FF00FF

Shades

Mix

Gainsboro

#DCDCDC

Shades

Mix

GhostWhite

#F8F8FF

Shades

Mix

Gold

#FFD700

Shades

Mix

GoldenRod

#DAA520

Shades

Mix

Gray

#808080

Shades

Mix

Grey

#808080

Shades

Mix

Green

#008000

Shades

Mix

GreenYellow

#ADFF2F

Shades

Mix

HoneyDew

#F0FFF0

Shades

Mix

HotPink

#FF69B4

Shades

Mix

IndianRed

#CD5C5C

Shades

Mix

Indigo

#4B0082

Shades

Mix

Ivory

#FFFFF0

Shades

Mix

Khaki

#F0E68C

Shades

Mix

Lavender

#E6E6FA

Shades

Mix

LavenderBlush

#FFF0F5

Shades

Mix

LawnGreen

#7CFC00

Shades

Mix

LemonChiffon

#FFFACD

Shades

Mix

LightBlue

#ADD8E6

Shades

Mix

LightCoral

#F08080

Shades

Mix

LightCyan

#E0FFFF

Shades

Mix

LightGoldenRodYellow

#FAFAD2

Shades

Mix

LightGray

#D3D3D3

Shades

Mix

LightGrey

#D3D3D3

Shades

Mix

LightGreen

#90EE90

Shades

Mix

LightPink

#FFB6C1

Shades

Mix

LightSalmon

#FFA07A

Shades

Mix

LightSeaGreen

#20B2AA

Shades

Mix

LightSkyBlue

#87CEFA

Shades

Mix

LightSlateGray

#778899

Shades

Mix

LightSlateGrey

#778899

Shades

Mix

LightSteelBlue

#B0C4DE

Shades

Mix

LightYellow

#FFFFE0

Shades

Mix

Lime

#00FF00

Shades

Mix

LimeGreen

#32CD32

Shades

Mix

Linen

#FAF0E6

Shades

Mix

Magenta

#FF00FF

Shades

Mix

Maroon

#800000

Shades

Mix

MediumAquaMarine

#66CDAA

Shades

Mix

MediumBlue

#0000CD

Shades

Mix

MediumOrchid

#BA55D3

Shades

Mix

MediumPurple

#9370D8

Shades

Mix

MediumSeaGreen

#3CB371

Shades

Mix

MediumSlateBlue

#7B68EE

Shades

Mix

MediumSpringGreen

#00FA9A

Shades

Mix

MediumTurquoise

#48D1CC

Shades

Mix

MediumVioletRed

#C71585

Shades

Mix

MidnightBlue

#191970

Shades

Mix

MintCream

#F5FFFA

Shades

Mix

MistyRose

#FFE4E1

Shades

Mix

Moccasin

#FFE4B5

Shades

Mix

NavajoWhite

#FFDEAD

Shades

Mix

Navy

#000080

Shades

Mix

OldLace

#FDF5E6

Shades

Mix

Olive

#808000

Shades

Mix

OliveDrab

#6B8E23

Shades

Mix

Orange

#FFA500

Shades

Mix

OrangeRed

#FF4500

Shades

Mix

Orchid

#DA70D6

Shades

Mix

PaleGoldenRod

#EEE8AA

Shades

Mix

PaleGreen

#98FB98

Shades

Mix

PaleTurquoise

#AFEEEE

Shades

Mix

PaleVioletRed

#D87093

Shades

Mix

PapayaWhip

#FFEFD5

Shades

Mix

PeachPuff

#FFDAB9

Shades

Mix

Peru

#CD853F

Shades

Mix

Pink

#FFC0CB

Shades

Mix

Plum

#DDA0DD

Shades

Mix

PowderBlue

#B0E0E6

Shades

Mix

Purple

#800080

Shades

Mix

Red

#FF0000

Shades

Mix

RosyBrown

#BC8F8F

Shades

Mix

RoyalBlue

#4169E1

Shades

Mix

SaddleBrown

#8B4513

Shades

Mix

Salmon

#FA8072

Shades

Mix

SandyBrown

#F4A460

Shades

Mix

SeaGreen

#2E8B57

Shades

Mix

SeaShell

#FFF5EE

Shades

Mix

Sienna

#A0522D

Shades

Mix

Silver

#C0C0C0

Shades

Mix

SkyBlue

#87CEEB

Shades

Mix

SlateBlue

#6A5ACD

Shades

Mix

SlateGray

#708090

Shades

Mix

SlateGrey

#708090

Shades

Mix

Snow

#FFFAFA

Shades

Mix

SpringGreen

#00FF7F

Shades

Mix

SteelBlue

#4682B4

Shades

Mix

Tan

#D2B48C

Shades

Mix

Teal

#008080

Shades

Mix

Thistle

#D8BFD8

Shades

Mix

Tomato

#FF6347

Shades

Mix

Turquoise

#40E0D0

Shades

Mix

Violet

#EE82EE

Shades

Mix

Wheat

#F5DEB3

Shades

Mix

White

#FFFFFF

Shades

Mix

WhiteSmoke

#F5F5F5

Shades

Mix

Yellow

#FFFF00

Shades

Mix

YellowGreen

#9ACD32

Shades

Mix

HTML Color Values « Previous

Next Chapter »

Sorted by Hex Value Same list sorted by color name Color Name

HEX

Shades

Mix

Black

#000000

Color

Shades

Mix

Navy

#000080

Shades

Mix

DarkBlue

#00008B

Shades

Mix

MediumBlue

#0000CD

Shades

Mix

Blue

#0000FF

Shades

Mix

DarkGreen

#006400

Shades

Mix

Green

#008000

Shades

Mix

Teal

#008080

Shades

Mix

DarkCyan

#008B8B

Shades

Mix

DeepSkyBlue

#00BFFF

Shades

Mix

DarkTurquoise

#00CED1

Shades

Mix

MediumSpringGreen

#00FA9A

Shades

Mix

Lime

#00FF00

Shades

Mix

SpringGreen

#00FF7F

Shades

Mix

Aqua

#00FFFF

Shades

Mix

Cyan

#00FFFF

Shades

Mix

MidnightBlue

#191970

Shades

Mix

DodgerBlue

#1E90FF

Shades

Mix

LightSeaGreen

#20B2AA

Shades

Mix

ForestGreen

#228B22

Shades

Mix

SeaGreen

#2E8B57

Shades

Mix

DarkSlateGray

#2F4F4F

Shades

Mix

DarkSlateGrey

#2F4F4F

Shades

Mix

LimeGreen

#32CD32

Shades

Mix

MediumSeaGreen

#3CB371

Shades

Mix

Turquoise

#40E0D0

Shades

Mix

RoyalBlue

#4169E1

Shades

Mix

SteelBlue

#4682B4

Shades

Mix

DarkSlateBlue

#483D8B

Shades

Mix

MediumTurquoise

#48D1CC

Shades

Mix

Indigo

#4B0082

Shades

Mix

DarkOliveGreen

#556B2F

Shades

Mix

CadetBlue

#5F9EA0

Shades

Mix

CornflowerBlue

#6495ED

Shades

Mix

MediumAquaMarine

#66CDAA

Shades

Mix

DimGray

#696969

Shades

Mix

DimGrey

#696969

Shades

Mix

SlateBlue

#6A5ACD

Shades

Mix

OliveDrab

#6B8E23

Shades

Mix

SlateGray

#708090

Shades

Mix

SlateGrey

#708090

Shades

Mix

LightSlateGray

#778899

Shades

Mix

LightSlateGrey

#778899

Shades

Mix

MediumSlateBlue

#7B68EE

Shades

Mix

LawnGreen

#7CFC00

Shades

Mix

Chartreuse

#7FFF00

Shades

Mix

Aquamarine

#7FFFD4

Shades

Mix

Maroon

#800000

Shades

Mix

Purple

#800080

Shades

Mix

Olive

#808000

Shades

Mix

Gray

#808080

Shades

Mix

Grey

#808080

Shades

Mix

SkyBlue

#87CEEB

Shades

Mix

LightSkyBlue

#87CEFA

Shades

Mix

BlueViolet

#8A2BE2

Shades

Mix

DarkRed

#8B0000

Shades

Mix

DarkMagenta

#8B008B

Shades

Mix

SaddleBrown

#8B4513

Shades

Mix

DarkSeaGreen

#8FBC8F

Shades

Mix

LightGreen

#90EE90

Shades

Mix

MediumPurple

#9370D8

Shades

Mix

DarkViolet

#9400D3

Shades

Mix

PaleGreen

#98FB98

Shades

Mix

DarkOrchid

#9932CC

Shades

Mix

YellowGreen

#9ACD32

Shades

Mix

Sienna

#A0522D

Shades

Mix

Brown

#A52A2A

Shades

Mix

DarkGray

#A9A9A9

Shades

Mix

DarkGrey

#A9A9A9

Shades

Mix

LightBlue

#ADD8E6

Shades

Mix

GreenYellow

#ADFF2F

Shades

Mix

PaleTurquoise

#AFEEEE

Shades

Mix

LightSteelBlue

#B0C4DE

Shades

Mix

PowderBlue

#B0E0E6

Shades

Mix

FireBrick

#B22222

Shades

Mix

DarkGoldenRod

#B8860B

Shades

Mix

MediumOrchid

#BA55D3

Shades

Mix

RosyBrown

#BC8F8F

Shades

Mix

DarkKhaki

#BDB76B

Shades

Mix

Silver

#C0C0C0

Shades

Mix

MediumVioletRed

#C71585

Shades

Mix

IndianRed

#CD5C5C

Shades

Mix

Peru

#CD853F

Shades

Mix

Chocolate

#D2691E

Shades

Mix

Tan

#D2B48C

Shades

Mix

LightGray

#D3D3D3

Shades

Mix

LightGrey

#D3D3D3

Shades

Mix

PaleVioletRed

#D87093

Shades

Mix

Thistle

#D8BFD8

Shades

Mix

Orchid

#DA70D6

Shades

Mix

GoldenRod

#DAA520

Shades

Mix

Crimson

#DC143C

Shades

Mix

Gainsboro

#DCDCDC

Shades

Mix

Plum

#DDA0DD

Shades

Mix

BurlyWood

#DEB887

Shades

Mix

LightCyan

#E0FFFF

Shades

Mix

Lavender

#E6E6FA

Shades

Mix

DarkSalmon

#E9967A

Shades

Mix

Violet

#EE82EE

Shades

Mix

PaleGoldenRod

#EEE8AA

Shades

Mix

LightCoral

#F08080

Shades

Mix

Khaki

#F0E68C

Shades

Mix

AliceBlue

#F0F8FF

Shades

Mix

HoneyDew

#F0FFF0

Shades

Mix

Azure

#F0FFFF

Shades

Mix

SandyBrown

#F4A460

Shades

Mix

Wheat

#F5DEB3

Shades

Mix

Beige

#F5F5DC

Shades

Mix

WhiteSmoke

#F5F5F5

Shades

Mix

MintCream

#F5FFFA

Shades

Mix

GhostWhite

#F8F8FF

Shades

Mix

Salmon

#FA8072

Shades

Mix

AntiqueWhite

#FAEBD7

Shades

Mix

Linen

#FAF0E6

Shades

Mix

LightGoldenRodYellow

#FAFAD2

Shades

Mix

OldLace

#FDF5E6

Shades

Mix

Red

#FF0000

Shades

Mix

Fuchsia

#FF00FF

Shades

Mix

Magenta

#FF00FF

Shades

Mix

DeepPink

#FF1493

Shades

Mix

OrangeRed

#FF4500

Shades

Mix

Tomato

#FF6347

Shades

Mix

HotPink

#FF69B4

Shades

Mix

Coral

#FF7F50

Shades

Mix

Darkorange

#FF8C00

Shades

Mix

LightSalmon

#FFA07A

Shades

Mix

Orange

#FFA500

Shades

Mix

LightPink

#FFB6C1

Shades

Mix

Pink

#FFC0CB

Shades

Mix

Gold

#FFD700

Shades

Mix

PeachPuff

#FFDAB9

Shades

Mix

NavajoWhite

#FFDEAD

Shades

Mix

Moccasin

#FFE4B5

Shades

Mix

Bisque

#FFE4C4

Shades

Mix

MistyRose

#FFE4E1

Shades

Mix

BlanchedAlmond

#FFEBCD

Shades

Mix

PapayaWhip

#FFEFD5

Shades

Mix

LavenderBlush

#FFF0F5

Shades

Mix

SeaShell

#FFF5EE

Shades

Mix

Cornsilk

#FFF8DC

Shades

Mix

LemonChiffon

#FFFACD

Shades

Mix

FloralWhite

#FFFAF0

Shades

Mix

Snow

#FFFAFA

Shades

Mix

Yellow

#FFFF00

Shades

Mix

LightYellow

#FFFFE0

Shades

Mix

Ivory

#FFFFF0

Shades

Mix

White

#FFFFFF

Shades

Mix

HTML 4.01 Quick List « Previous

HTML Quick List from W3Schools. Print it, fold it, and put it in your pocket.

HTML Basic Document Title of document goes here Visible text goes here...

Heading Elements Largest Heading

Next Chapter »



. . . .

. . . .

. . . .



Smallest Heading

Text Elements This is a paragraph (line break) (horizontal rule) This text is preformatted

Logical Styles This text is emphasized This text is strong This is some computer code

Physical Styles This text is bold This text is italic

Links Ordinary link: Link-text goes here Image-link: Mailto link: Send e-mail A named anchor: Tips Section Jump to the Tips Section

Unordered list Item Item

Ordered list First item Second item

Definition list First term Definition Next term Definition

Tables Tableheader Tableheader sometext sometext

Frames



Forms

Apples Bananas Cherries

Entities < is the same as < > is the same as > © is the same as ©

Other Elements Text quoted from a source. Written by W3Schools.com Email us Address: Box 564, Disneyland Phone: +12 34 56 78

HTML Doctypes « Previous

Next Chapter »

A doctype declaration refers to the rules for the markup language, so that the browsers render the content correctly. Example An HTML document with a doctype of HTML 4.01 Transitional:

Title of the document

The content of the document......

HTML Different Doctypes The doctype declaration is not an HTML tag; it is an instruction to the web browser about what version of the markup language the page is written in. The doctype declaration refers to a Document Type Definition (DTD). The DTD specifies the rules for the markup language, so that the browsers render the content correctly. The doctype declaration should be the very first thing in an HTML document, before the tag.

Tip: Always add a doctype to your pages. This helps the browsers to render the page correctly!

HTML 4.01 Strict This DTD contains all HTML elements and attributes, but does NOT INCLUDE presentational or deprecated elements (like font and center). Framesets are not allowed:



HTML 4.01 Transitional This DTD contains all HTML elements and attributes, INCLUDING presentational and deprecated elements (like font). Framesets are not allowed:



HTML 4.01 Frameset This DTD is equal to HTML 4.01 Transitional, but allows the use of frameset content:



Tips and Notes Look at our table of all HTML/XHTML elements, and which DTD each element appear in. Use W3C's Validator to check that you have written a valid HTML / XHTML document!

HTML DOCTYPE Element

Tag

Description



Defines the document type. This declaration goes before the start tag

HTML Styles « Previous

Next Chapter »

In HTML 4.0, all formatting can be removed from the HTML document, and stored in a style sheet.

Try-It-Yourself Examples Using styles in HTML How to add style information into the section. Link that is not underlined How to make a link that is not underlined, with the style attribute. Link to an external style sheet How to use the tag to link to an external style sheet.

How to Use Styles When a browser reads a style sheet, it will format the document according to it. There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:

  

External style sheet Internal style sheet Inline styles

External Style Sheet An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the tag. The tag goes inside the section:



Internal Style Sheet An internal style sheet can be used if one single document has a unique style. Internal styles are defined in the section of an HTML page, by using the tag, like this:

body {background-color:yellow} p {color:blue}

Inline Styles An inline style can be used if a unique style is to be applied to one single occurrence of an element. To use inline styles, use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property. The example below shows how to change the text color and the left margin of a paragraph:

This is a paragraph.

To learn more about style sheets, visit our CSS tutorial.

HTML Style Tags Tag

Description



Defines style information for a document



Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource

HTML head Elements « Previous

Next Chapter »

Try-It-Yourself Examples The title of a document The tag defines the title of the document. One target for all links How to use the base tag to let all the links on a page open in a new window.

The HTML head Element The head element is a container for all the head elements. Elements inside can include scripts, instruct the browser where to find style sheets, provide meta information, and more. The following tags can be added to the head section: , , , , , and .

The HTML title Element The tag defines the title of the document. The title element is required in all HTML/XHTML documents. The title element:

  

defines a title in the browser toolbar provides a title for the page when it is added to favorites displays a title for the page in search-engine results

A simplified HTML document:

Title of the document The content of the document......

The HTML base Element The tag specifies a default address or a default target for all links on a page:



The HTML link Element The tag defines the relationship between a document and an external resource. The tag is most used to link to style sheets:



The HTML style Element The tag is used to define style information for an HTML document. Inside the style element you specify how HTML elements should render in a browser:

body {background-color:yellow} p {color:blue}

The HTML meta Element The tag provides metadata about the HTML document. The meta element will be explained in the next chapter.

The HTML script Element The tag is used to define a client-side script, such as a JavaScript. The script element will be explained in a later chapter.

HTML head Elements Tag

Description



Defines information about the document



Defines the title of a document



Defines a default address or a default target for all links on a page



Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource



Defines metadata about an HTML document



Defines a client-side script



Defines style information for a document

HTML Meta « Previous

Next Chapter »

Try-It-Yourself Examples Document description Use the meta element to describe the document. Document keywords Use the meta element to define the keywords of a document. Redirect a user How to redirect a user to a new web address.

The HTML meta Element Metadata is information about data. The tag provides metadata about the HTML document. Metadata will not be displayed on the page, but will be machine parsable. Meta elements are typically used to specify page description, keywords, author of the document, last modified, and other metadata. The tag always goes inside the head element. The metadata can be used by browsers (how to display content or reload page), search engines (keywords), or other web services.

Keywords for Search Engines Some search engines will use the name and content attributes of the meta element to index your pages. The following meta element defines a description of a page:



The following meta element defines keywords for a page:



The intention of the name and content attributes is to describe the content of a page.

Note: A lot of webmasters have used tags for spamming, like repeating keywords (or using wrong keywords) for higher ranking. Therefore, most search engines have stopped using tags to index/rank pages.

HTML Scripts « Previous JavaScripts make HTML pages more dynamic and interactive.

Try-It-Yourself Examples Insert a script How to insert a script into an HTML document. Use of the tag How to handle browsers that do not support scripting, or have scripting disabled.

The HTML script Element The tag is used to define a client-side script, such as a JavaScript. The script element either contains scripting statements or it points to an external script file through the src attribute. The required type attribute specifies the MIME type of the script. Common uses for JavaScript are image manipulation, form validation, and dynamic changes of content. The script below writes Hello World! to the HTML output:

Example document.write("Hello World!") Try it yourself »



document.write("Hello World!")



Hello World!

Next Chapter »

Tip: To learn more about JavaScript, visit our JavaScript tutorial!

The HTML noscript Element The tag is used to provide an alternate content for users that have disabled scripts in their browser or have a browser that doesn’t support client-side scripting. The noscript element can contain all the elements that you can find inside the body element of a normal HTML page. The content inside the noscript element will only be displayed if scripts are not supported, or are disabled in the user’s browser:

Example document.write("Hello World!") Sorry, your browser does not support JavaScript! Try it yourself »

document.write("Hello World!") Sorry, your browser does not support JavaScript! A browser without support for JavaScript will show the text in the noscript element.

Hello World! A browser without support for JavaScript will show the text in the noscript element

HTML Script Tags Tag

Description



Defines a client-side script



Defines an alternate content for users that do not support client-side scripts

HTML Entities « Previous

Next Chapter »

Reserved characters in HTML must be replaced with character entities.

HTML Entities Some characters are reserved in HTML. It is not possible to use the less than () signs in your text, because the browser will mix them with tags. To actually display reserved characters, we must use character entities in the HTML source code.

A character entity looks like this:

&entity_name; OR &#entity_number;

To display a less than sign we must write: < or <

Tip: The advantage of using an entity name, instead of a number, is that the name is easier to remember. However, the disadvantage is that browsers may not support all entity names (the support for entity numbers is very good).

Non-breaking Space A common character entity used in HTML is the non-breaking space ( ). Browsers will always truncate spaces in HTML pages. If you write 10 spaces in your text, the browser will remove 9 of them, before displaying the page. To add spaces to your text, you can use the   character entity.

HTML Entities Example Experiment with HTML character entities: Try it yourself

HTML Useful Character Entities Note: Entity names are case sensitive! Result

Description

Entity Name

Entity Number

non-breaking space

 

 

<

less than

<

<

>

greater than

>

>

&

ampersand

&

&

¢

cent

¢

¢

£

pound

£

£

¥

yen

¥

¥

€

euro

€

€

§

section

§

§

©

copyright

©

©

®

registered trademark

®

®

™

trademark

™

™

HTML Uniform Resource Locators « Previous

Next Chapter »

A URL is another word for a web address. A URL can be composed of words, such as "w3schools.com", or an Internet Protocol (IP) address: 192.68.20.50. Most people enter the name of the website when surfing, because names are easier to remember than numbers.

URL - Uniform Resource Locator When you click on a link in an HTML page, an underlying tag points to an address on the world wide web. A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is used to address a document (or other data) on the world wide web. A web address, like this: http://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp follows these syntax rules:

scheme://host.domain:port/path/filename

Explanation:

     

scheme - defines the type of Internet service. The most common type is http host - defines the domain host (the default host for http is www) domain - defines the Internet domain name, like w3schools.com :port - defines the port number at the host (the default port number for http is 80) path - defines a path at the server (If omitted, the document must be stored at the root directory of the web site) filename - defines the name of a document/resource

Common URL Schemes The table below lists some common schemes:

Scheme

Short for....

Which pages will the scheme be used for...

http

HyperText Transfer Protocol

Common web pages starts with http://. Not encrypted

https

Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol

Secure web pages. All information exchanged are encrypted

ftp

File Transfer Protocol

For downloading or uploading files to a website. Useful for domain maintenance

file

A file on your computer

HTML URL Encoding « Previous URL encoding converts characters into a format that can be transmitted over the Internet.

URL - Uniform Resource Locator Web browsers request pages from web servers by using a URL. The URL is the address of a web page, like: http://www.w3schools.com.

URL Encoding URLs can only be sent over the Internet using the ASCII character-set. Since URLs often contain characters outside the ASCII set, the URL has to be converted into a valid ASCII format. URL encoding replaces non ASCII characters with a "%" followed by two hexadecimal digits.

Next Chapter »

URLs cannot contain spaces. URL encoding normally replaces a space with a + sign.

Try It Yourself If you click the "Submit" button below, the browser will URL encode the input before it is sent to the server. A page at the server will display the received input.

Hello Günter

Submit

Try some other input and click Submit again.

URL Encoding Examples Character

URL-encoding

€

%80

£

%A3

©

%A9

®

%AE

À

%C0

Á

%C1

Â

%C2

Ã

%C3

Ä

%C4

Å

%C5

HTML Web Server « Previous

Next Chapter »

To make your web site visible to the world, you'll have to store it on a web server.

Hosting your own Web site Hosting your web site on your own server is always an option. Here are some points to consider:

Hardware Expenses To run a "real" web site, you will have to buy some powerful server hardware. Don't expect that a low cost PC will do the job. You will also need a permanent (24 hours a day ) high-speed connection.

Software Expenses Remember that server-licenses often are higher than client-licenses. Also note that server-licenses might have limits on number of users.

Labor Expenses Don't expect low labor expenses. You have to install your own hardware and software. You also have to deal with bugs and viruses, and keep your server constantly running in an environment where "everything could happen".

Using an Internet Service Provider Renting a server from an Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a common option. Most small companies store their web site on a server provided by an ISP. Here are some advantages:

Connection Speed Most ISPs have very fast connections to the Internet.

Powerful Hardware ISPs often have powerful web servers that can be shared by several companies. You can also expect them to have an effective load balancing, and necessary backup servers.

Security and Stability ISPs are specialists on web hosting. Expect their servers to have more than 99% up time, the latest software patches, and the best virus protection.

Things to Consider with an ISP 24-hour support Make sure your ISP offers 24-hours support. Don't put yourself in a situation where you cannot fix critical problems without having to wait until the next working day. Toll-free phone could be vital if you don't want to pay for long distance calls.

Daily Backup Make sure your ISP runs a daily backup routine, otherwise you may lose some valuable data.

Traffic Volume Study the ISP's traffic volume restrictions. Make sure that you don't have to pay a fortune for unexpected high traffic if your web site becomes popular.

Bandwidth or Content Restrictions Study the ISP's bandwidth and content restrictions. If you plan to publish pictures or broadcast video or sound, make sure that you can.

E-mail Capabilities Make sure your ISP supports the e-mail capabilities you need.

Database Access If you plan to use data from databases on your web site, make sure your ISP supports the database access you need.

You Have Learned HTML, Now What? « Previous

Next Chapter »

HTML Summary This tutorial has taught you how to use HTML to create your own web site. HTML is the universal markup language for the Web. HTML lets you format text, add graphics, create links, input forms, frames and tables, etc., and save it all in a text file that any browser can read and display.

The key to HTML is the tags, which indicates what content is coming up.

Now You Know HTML, What's Next? The next step is to learn XHTML and CSS. XHTML XHTML reformulates HTML 4.01 in XML. If you want to learn more about XHTML, please visit our XHTML tutorial. CSS CSS is used to control the style and layout of multiple Web pages all at once. With CSS, all formatting can be removed from the HTML document and stored in a separate file. CSS gives you total control of the layout, without messing up the document content. To learn how to create style sheets, please visit our CSS tutorial.

Cell padding (control the white space between cell content and the borders



Without cellpadding: First Row Second Row

With cellpadding: First Row Second Row



Without cellpadding: First

Row

Second Row

With cellpadding: First

Row

Second

Row

Cell spacing (control the distance between cells)



Without cellspacing: First Row Second Row

With cellspacing: First Row Second Row





Without cellspacing: First

Row

Second Row

With cellspacing: First

Row

Second Row

HTML Forms and Input Create text fields Create password field Checkboxes Radio buttons Simple drop-down list Drop-down list with a pre-selected value Textarea (a multi-line text input field) Create a button Draw a border around form-data Form with text fields and a submit button Form with checkboxes and a submit button Form with radiobuttons and a submit button Send e-mail from a form



First name:

Last name:

Note: The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of a text field is 20 characters.



First name: Last name: Note: The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of a text field is 20 characters.



Username: Password:

Note: The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).





Username: Password: Note: The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).



I have a bike I have a car



I have a bike I have a car



Male

Female

Note: When a user clicks on a radio-button, it becomes checked, and all other radiobuttons with equal name become unchecked.



Male Female Note: When a user clicks on a radio-button, it becomes checked, and all other radio-buttons with equal name become unchecked.



Volvo Saab Fiat Audi



Volvo

Volvo Saab Fiat Audi

Fiat



Personal information: Name: E-mail: Date of birth:

Personal information:Name: E-mail: Date of birth:



First name: Last name: If you click the "Submit" button, the form-data will be sent to a page called "html_form_action.asp".

First name: Last name:

Mickey Mouse

Submit

If you click the "Submit" button, the form-data will be sent to a page called "html_form_action.asp".