How to Raise an Amazing Child

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urerlt r^eE oqg Surqtaruospaddo:p ro palquLntsXarltu.q lt PJqrnt\rP\r,{\ rrrqr Iorluof ol ruler :ql -,{r,u. eqt Jo elrTsrprrrql PJtoo pui 'stireure,roru urr.l uerplrqr rrp peq:tt,u eq5 erqd pelt:o11tsrrstq Surq .ra^eqJrq.{\uI

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rhcl br'conrc intr-ique.l .rnr1 .rlt.orLredbr en\'ir-omlcrrf.It r: irforr,

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lc s:rt'ltrd hot't'c

knon it thet spcrk rhc saur.'lugulqc rs us.tlcl lifh

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of the Whcn perents lnci terchcrs rccogrrizc end taLe l,:1r'arrte-gc \e[siti\c pcr']ods through Nhich chilcicD p.rss,thcv c:lrl Lrecolllc rrlore al)d dcleloprtrcrtt. cfti'crivc in suppolting rh.'rr I!-rr_rrinq Erch scrrsitilc pcrioll i\ .l specrtrc Lirrd oi conrpulsion. motiv:ltirlg \.orur!l children to iircr.rsirrtcrrtlr. orl sonlc plllticular :rsPcc! oi dleir crl'ironmcnt. clur rtter d.rr,.rlithour becominq tircd or bor_cd.(11c:rrlr'.rhis ir rLbiologicll rrcchlrrisrn hl-cl l ilecl irito chllclren.lhxt helps therll to

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60 discoverythroughthe senses

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childrenlearn helpthem to sensoryawareness Exercises that developchildren's their world muchmore fullyfor the rest of their lives. appreciate ''

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I don't believethat we It is important to continue to educateyoung senses. training,but I do can physicallyimprove them through sensoryawarcness

help children learn to see,hear,touch, tasteor smell what fiLii"* thinl we can

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they experiencewith a deeperappreciationln the Montessori classroom training. an entire areaofthe curriculum is devotedto sensoryawareness

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At the most simple level, the exerciseschallenge children to find identical pairs of objects that vary by only one aspect,such as height,

l-{ii}rfiSflii'1,r;:r

askthem to find identicalpairsbasedon Iengchor width. Other exercises weight, aroma, taste,temperaturc or sound.At a more advancedlevel,

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childrenareaskedto arrangea setofobjects in orderbasedon the variation I l'ld:1i:"i :i Lu"]lfl

in one aspect,such aslength, height, colour tone,shapeand so on. Children find these puzzlesand gamesinterestingbecausethey are

ii;;:.iieir.q*"just di{ficult enough to rcprcsenta meaningful challenge.They are also vocabularylessons,as the children masterthe namesof everythingfiom geometric shapesto plants and animals.As children learn the correct namesfor things,the objectsthemselvestake on new meaning. The activitiesin this chapteraresimplerthan thosefound in Montessori schools,but are basedon the sameprinciples.Many ofthe items usedcan be madeat home or bought ftom specialiststockists(seepage188)

a)ELr,{!Lllsplnos luarel}p usEoLl aL1ql /1\SlueL|.rad)rnd a.lssv Fr8 J€lln9

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b!llons by Colour coded Sor-ting co o{r_stmulatessght anc touch

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Button mix YoL.r can vary the chalenge by introduc ng buitons of cifferent s zes as bonc wood a ]d me1a. c. madeofci fierentmatefa s,sLrch and 5 rapes,

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colour,snaPeanc slze Manv plav activities th:rt prirtraril-v stimulate youl child's sight rvill lequite hinr to use othel sensessilnultaneousl)'.

sortingobjects(2-5 years) Sorring objects according to shape,size,colour or orher physical propcrties is a r'vonderful activiry that ch:rllenges-r'oungchildlen to pay close attention and to nrake some krgical choices. For this activity, you rviJl want to gather sever':rlex:ulples ofsome sor-tofappealing object in v:rrious shapes,colours and sizes.Be clreful rvith srlall objects as 1'our roddler can srvallow them or they c:ln end up in his nostrils or ears. A good exanrple of this activiry 1s bultorl sorting. Buy sone buttons from a hardrvare shop or select scveraldifferent setsoflbur_ or nrorc identical buttons from youl serving box, ifyou havc one. Mix rhe buttons together in a lalge borvl then show ,voul child horv to select one button, place it in a smaller bowl and then find each ofthe othel buttons that is the salt1e.

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throughthe senses discovery

geometricshapestacker(2-4 years) There are many variationsofthis toy but most haveone or more spindles and setsofpieces. Once the piecesare removed,the challengeis for your child to find the piecesthat are alike: squares,octagonsand circles,for example.Thenshefinds the largestpiece within that set,and placesit on the spindleat the bottom. She continuesuntil all ofthe pieceshavebeen placed.Yourchild should be able to recognizefor herselfifshe hasmade a mistakebecausea latger piece placedover a smallerone will hang over, and it will not look risht.

simplepuzzles(2-5 years) Wooden puzzle Choosepuzzles

Simple puzzlesare a time-honoured toy for young children.Always Iook

andwlth with s mp e cut-outshapes

for puzzlesmade from wood with attractiveimages.Avoid puzzlesmade

an ndivdualknobfor eachp ece.

ofcardboard and those that do not fit into a frame for eachpiece.When your child is under the age of four, look for puzzlesthat have a large knob for eachpiece.

matchingcolouredpaintcharts(3-5 years) Montessori schools use prepared sets of wooden tablets painted with variouscoloursto help cbildrenlearn to distinguishberweenprimary and secondarycolours and tones, while also mastering the woids used to describeeach colour and shade.Youcan do this at home by gathering paint chaitsfrom your local DIY store. You can createthree separatesetsof coloursfrom the charts.Each set shouldbe the samesize,diffedng only in colour.For youngerchildrenstart with a set of six colours,rwo eachofyellow, red and blue.Ask your child to match the pairs and learn the spokennamesofthese primary colours. When your child can managethese,collect a secondset of 11 pairs of the prinary and secondarycolours and tones:yellow, red, blue, green, orange,purple, pink, brown, grey,white and black. Invite your child to match and name thern. For a more difficult challenge,build a *rird set containingsevendifferentshadesofeach ofnine differentcoloun (yellow, red,blue,green,orange,purple,pink, brown, grey),which your child learns to sort in order from the lightest to the darkestshade.When all of the chartsarelaid out in an arrayit createsa lovely displayofcolour

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soundcylinders(3-6 years) Another

exercise which helps children develop

the abiiity to discriminate betrveen sounds involves using a set ofsound cylinders.You can make these from any wooden, plastic ol glass containen that you find around the house.The containers need to be opaque so you cannot see what's inside, and they need to produce a clear sound when they are 611edwith diferent objects and shaken. Small glass jars, such as the ones that ba\

food coltes rn, can

be used ifyou paint the insides or line them with coloured papelto make the walls opaque. Six containers should be painted one colouq and the other six a second colour. Fill pairs ofthe jars (one jar of each colour) with something that will make an interesting sound when rattled or shaken (dried peas,beans, rice, sand).The children then try to match each green cylinder with the Matching sounds Seeifyour chid can matchthe soundsmadebY

sound.In Montessorischools,eachsetofsixjars pink cylinder ofthe san-re ofone colour is housedin a box with a lid paintedin the samecolour.

varous objectsin pa rs ofconta ners.

the silencegame(2-6 years) In our modern world, it seemsthat silenceis aln-rostuntnown. [t is a grcat gift to help your children discoverthe beaurythat canbe found in silence. When silent we can hear our own thoughts,and we also become mucl-r more awareofthe world around us. The silencegamehelps children developa n.tuchhigher level ofseifofthe soundsaround them that discipline,along with a greaterawareness most people take for gmnted.ln this activity,get your children! attention either by ringing a smallbell or by giving a familiar hand signalto begin a game of "silence".Your children should stop what they are doing, sit down, closetheir eyesand try to ren-rainperGctly still. Challelge them to stay like this until they hear you whisper their name When each child hearshis or her name spokensoftly,he or sheshould silentlyrise andjoin you. You might want to vary the silencegame and help your children

'8uor:3u s puea:uepdrr ol pue : snL-u ro sodll ie o] ualsrlot p rLll Jnoi ea!-rnot!: sJal]€tu )lsnH

'luelunlsur

'urlor^ .ro ougrd eql st qlns ut ,{eld or uJrol uur IloJ Jo a8e eql utql l38unotr .t.rplltl.l

leqt sree,{roJ u,\\oqs J^eq sraqreat llsnLu D{nzns Purl'P3!rE LllcJrsmu rlt oq,\\ urlplrqf, ernpo:rd -'{eqt puu ot puet e-}rlJuoq neqt ur Jrsnrll a,\ll ol uerplrqr rrllt .sodx. oq,!\ sturr?d Patuapt dp:rrsn61 .{poleru pue uqtdq: 'rlrtld Jo tuarudole^ep rql uI lsaratur snoJu?luods I strl pue llsnru lo,J por-rad olnrsu.s E ur sr PIqtr rno.{'sr3rl eseql Sulrnp'leql :oqualual 'saunt rlrrllo^q qtrd\ SuoF 'ouoqdoltrx 'secucru - dtld ut:r Surs ot ::q e8e-rno:ua pu€ - rt1ln6 'sulnlp aqs lrqt stdacrnlsurJo

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ol ueqt 8ur6u:1tqr

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l.rosuas 69 urEal uaJpl!qr d;aq reql sorrrr,q:e

70 discoverythroughthe senses

touch There are many waysto train cbildreni senseoftouch We beganwith the basketof treasures(seepages56-9) when our children were very young' Now they are ready to attempt some more challenging activities as they startto rcfine this sense.

texture matching(2-5 Years) This game is ideal for helping to develop your child's senseof touch' Typically,it consistsof a set of small tabletsor squaresof wood with a distinct texture on one face,createdby gl.uinga piece of fabric,Velcro, seeds,sandor other substanceto that suface.Youwill need fwo matching squaresfor each texture,creatingpain that Gel the samewhen touched. \Vhen the textured side is turned downwards,the squaresall look the same.With his eyesclosedor blindfolded, ask your child to try to "see" with his fingertips, finding the matching pairs.When turned over, the texturedsidesofeach pair match,providing a visualkey so your child can seeif he hasguessedcorrecdY.

fabric matching(2-5 years) A variation on the concept above involvesa basketfilled with squaresof diferent kinds of fabrics:silk, wool, cotton, tweed and suchlike. Prcparematching pairs ofeach rype of fabric.With his eyesclosedor blindfolded,askyour child to try to find the pairs offabric squaresthat feel the sameand to lay them together on the table.When he openshis eyes, he can check his work by looking at the squares.

tablets(3-5 Years) sandpaper The sandpapertabletsconsistofa set of six pairs ofwooden tablets with each pair covered with a different grade of Your child attempts to identifi pairs that have sandpaper. the same roughness,working by touch alone with his eyes Mix and match F ll a basketwlth pairs of d fferent qi^g frb.as anc >eei /ou rh ld car 'r d f\e -ra'' pairs with his eyesclosed,ustnghis senseoftouch

closedor blindfolded.When he has finished matching the tablets,he can check his work by turning them over.The matching pairswill look the same.

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smell Children have a much more sensitive senseof smell thin most adults. Here are f"vo exercises to help your chiid refine her perceptions and learn to r e c o g n i z ea n d 0 r r ) r ed i r l e | e n r . { r o r n a ' .

scent bottles (3-5 years) These consist ofa ser of 12 small, identical plxstic or glasscontainers with lids. Cylindrical spice jlrs with screw on caps are ideal, but you cln also use baby food jars.You are going to cr3ate two identical sets of six jars. Cover one set ofjars with blue paper and the other set with green paper. Put a cotton wool ball inside each jar and place a drop or two of the same scent on the ball ofone green and one blue jar. Use ditferent scents f o r e r , h o f f h e , i x p a i r . o f j . r r . . Y o r -r rn i g h r u ' e n r o r n a L ilci q r r i dl l a r o L r r i n g . such as vanilla, alnond, peppern nr, lemon, eau de cologne or a perfume. ln son-re,you could skip the cotton wool ball and use something solid that has a strong and pleasant scent, such as porpourri, spices such as cloves or cinnamon, or omnge or lemon rinds. ln this case,you need to be surc that your child cannot see rvhat is in thejar. Remember, these substancesrvill dry out and lose their aroma after a rvhile, so you will need to refresh them from tin-re to time. Your child selects ajar fron-r one set, opens the lid and snifli the scent. She then finds the matching jar fiom the other set. She sets the two jars Scent bottles Companngand

J \ i d er n d r r p r . r t \ l l r e p r o c e \ ' w r r h t h e r e m r i n i n g l . r r . .

matchingscents n bofrleshe ps de,/eop yolrr ch id's senseof sme .

herb scents(3-5 years) lfyou have a herb garden,your child will enjoy smelling:rronutic her-bs such asrosemary,lavender,basiland thyme.It will be evenlnorc satisfying if shehasgrorvn theseherself(seepage139).Shorvher how co usea small nortar aDd pestie to crush the herbs,or even horv to n-rakesachetsor borvlswith potpourri chatadd a pleasantfragranceto your home.

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'QqBr:1ourd a:s) salltoq l^unstl aleru osle ulJ no1 ,.irfturun6 tuolu.l ,(Je^ sr slqf,, sl etstt Jrlt ltq^\ er tu ot sar.ltpue Surqlaurosjo a]sel B sJ{?l 'srda srq sasop plq:.rno,( tr:q1 ts:58ns utr noI !,l.Dioor PllJ'rq-re5ur6stqt puu rtstl tsnf'ssruPooC.! sPoo1 ulcl-ral Jo rlsll aql ol ur .reiur8 eql llus

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76

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lf€q seoS ollq rel35q.^d-o,!\l e epu ot Paur"el seq oq,{\ PIIqr c leq! 1se33ns 8urr.Ielur lnoqlr,^ aJll relau ppo,^ e,u.Ir{r{!

(ep&e e rreqt ucd se 1qs srql esn:erd o1 Jo 1t\oIIE ueql o1 sl '[Pls .^ au e anuquotr 01 uI.t{l

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:uo sdeqr:.1 ot s8urqt rplrgrP rsolu Jqt Jo 'saldurexe :aqto ue dled leus e 'sPu3uJ qlld slilEuo:) ueld pue sSur,cs aSeueu! rll-^d Ieep ot moq Sutu:ee1 u.'no:8 lsorup sr .qs uaq,a surt.l p1q: :nod pls a;q ,ftpd:e.te ur 3o eydurexa poo8 e u all.lP ol la8eueel :nod Surqreet3o ssaoo:d eql dn,to:8 uerplrqr se enuquol eseql se qjns suossyl slueltd uro{ uoddns pue uonlnrtsur

lueged put Suruueld

p-1arer .(q re$te aperu sr lqs 3uL.r:lst'ruJo ssJloid srqld:ls

depf,re,re ue (q d:r5

iualuleq ^laJes lleql dl SurNq ,{Fu€lsuof, rea,?t\ot rueql puru* ere e-^ put 's.Irq rlaql uo punow Surddrz ere daw '1r A\ou>l J.{\ ero.}eg sleeq-{\ lazuqEls eql aloruer ot sn >lse(eql ltun luepguor a.rour 'qtpad -selelq eql or pesn (aql Sulreels pue Pu€ alou suroceq "(laols 'l'Jq^\ 1:3 ol u;lp1rql nole pue'tq8tldn :1tq :e8rel qrnru stql dJrl dLJq ]JzITIqels rllrl\ peddrnbo saruo: lr pue'PlIq) rno roi esoqJ sleeq./r,r "llxa azrs lq8r: eqt $ leql a)lq t asoorll uJql ar1 ,.l4q 8rq., r :o; Isr uJrp qJ rno ueqa

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82 let me do it

A keyelementin teachingchildrenevetyday a Sgnse Of O fdgf period for life skillsis keepingeverythingtidy.ln the crucialsensitive order (seepage 16), their world needs to be well-organized.If taught where things belong and how to retllrn then correctly when they have finished using them, children internalize this senseof order and carry it with them for the restoftheir lives. Most of us can be overwhelmedby the chaosthat quickly develops aroundthe houseifwe leavethingslying around.Children areparticularly sensitiveto this.Although they arc often mastersat cteatinga lness,most find it diificult to clean up after themselveq.Themost elficient approach is to teach them to clean up asthey go along.While some children may be born with a "neat gene", they all can be taught right fiom the start to work and play in a tidy way without stifling their creativity or stripping p L y t i m eo f f u n . Learning order Teachyour chid

The secretis to establisha ground rule and gently but firmly teach

to take one book offa shef at a t me

your child that while she may selectanything from her shelvesto work

and,to return lt when she s fn shed.

and play with for as long as she wishes, she must return it when sheis finished with it, and may not removesomethingnew until the last thing hasbeen put away. Some toys are better when used together with other toys - a set of building blocks and a collection oftoy can, for example.A11you need to do in this instanceis incorporate the two toys into a collection.Children can easilylearn specialrules,such asthe idea that the toy carsand blocks go together,and it's fine to play with them at the sametirne.The key idea is to get all of the toy carsand blocks returned to the shelfbefor.eyour cbild goeson to the next project.

photographic

containers to labels Usephotos on storage

help your child return things to the right place.You can also place a photo on each shelf showing how the entire shelfshould look when all the toys, ganes, books and such like that are stored there have been placedback in the proper order.This allowsyour child to use the photo Look at the label LabelLngbaskets

asa control oferror (seepage 84) whenever sheis returning nuterials to

anc sne.es v/ith photoshe ps your

the shelvesafter she has finished playing or working with them or

chid rc.-u.n.er toys to the rght p ace.

inspectingthem for damage.

'LUOO-] eq} -ra^ollPtno pesJasluop

EUleld lrur eql lno llou leLUe L.rO

rurg7l x g1 sdtq:ad'3n: leus y [e1d71ou lualerxe uc seugep'(].]ix %Z) 'lueqt uretuoJor ppqr .rnoddpq t.uop no-{JIruoor e relo 1c tno puardsot ,{:uapu:l t a,r.rqselzzndpur stro1ea:r-,(t1d71:o,t::qaugapot steluro s8nl (aqr lerus ppqr rno-{ e,uC roog rqt uo elqetlo;luotrlsour ut -(aqt,{ofu: sanhntrearlt]o ^uelu roJ tEqtpug uo]JouaJpllqtr're^e-{\oHelq?rt rt euop tseq ere eruos rlos e uo rltr^\ (eJd ro ryo,tl ot eug Jle sSutql:uto5 'asnlou pproqsfeql teql Surql:ruosol ssacre1e3ol ueql ,{\o[e r.uoq i.]ua;ep dyuo eqt sr uouue,r::d 'ureqr qlryl srelppot qtl,l\ IIa-{\ 'J3? $o,r\ t useopueuo slqa dyeqot lsrc1re ro dn tI utell ot req tradxJ ot 'JlqeuosealsItI 'apeurueoq sEqs$trr e.11s8uoyaq s,ppq:rnod uo SurPuedep &r,u1rt srqta:eq,Llot :eq rurpar'ece1d 3uor,\\ eqt ur Lot t Sursnp;qr rnol pug no(31 salelsrruSuqeu ro3 rrq Burzrirtul ro Surqsrundutr{t regtt: ,(p:o::or €urql op ot ^\oq plqc:noL q:eor u.qt'uEId JnoL gsqqrrsg :.r.pr"8 .r, eq or peJu pue "ql ".,op 'qpq Sur,uo:ql:o SuDlro.\\poo^\sei{Jns'saquDrr?rooplno 3lt s.rsrlto [r]S 'oF pue eluotr faql sr ruaql re o dJ]s ot o.Leqp.t aldoed eraq,{\tou tncl 'uroo: (pure3aqt ur Jsn ot auu aq tqSnu eruo5 rurtd.ro pooSpepds dn ueap ol eldrurs(pre; tr se:{eurteqt roog slrt e seqteqt luooJ EuI lo ueqrtDl eqt ur auop eq ot lqSno seur^rtre.ruos dn u?eltrot plql rno-'tro3tlnJIJP aq plno,{\ tErlt sseure 8une3ltr tnoqtl,{\ f,IeJEsPssn aq utl qJe: araqd Jurrurat.p pu€ 'ppqc rno( ol elqqre,tteltru ot 3uro3 e:e no,{ 1cq1-'!nurr pue trol qree tnoqx 1unlJ r3qtlJ rsJle,leqt uo Surlured::q tue,!\ r{uoP ,(lurrtra: no,13n: rroor-8uhq rnof,Jo elppru :qt ur Sunured-;e3ugplqr

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pAUUAp

'suoqnlos poog epr.r.o.rdyuoq :o :ef e3.re1e sdeqred ro xoq uepoo,tr (p:nls e 'te>lseqSuols e 'reurttuoJ crrsryd .(leaq e to1 :e1ncq:td e Jo arnteu aqt uo Supuedeq perauet lool

ro ]]tdt

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84 let me do it

drea on the floor. For larger projects, such as a giant city built ofblocks, your child can use two mats together. Teach your child how to roll and unroll her mat and how to store it in a basket.

Safe manoeuvfes

Thirrkabouthow your child cansafely

and carefully carry each toy or utensil ftorn the shelf to where she wants to work and play Often the best way is for her to carry the toy in its own - a container.Sometoys,gamesor utensilsare easilycarriedby themselves doll,for example.Others involve many piecesand sometimesthe setis too largeor hear,ry for a child to carry In this cue, provide smalltraysthat your child can use to carry enough piecesto work with in one or trore trips. Keep in n-rind that children do not automatically know horv to carry

'1;il'"'i

:i ;-'ll"!"a:;-

't._. i: ,,.'.':'',':, i :' i--,i-, ,ti','.,-,,

things on a tny without spilling,so you will need to dernonstrateand let your child practise.A small basketmay be easierfor a child who finds .-^r-^

^ .-^., l:4.^,,1r

i , ., a : i l ; l t . . . ' ., , Pride

i-,:'::i"i:,'}..:.ii'a|.

Of OwnefshiP

yourchildto takecareof her Teach

toys and other belongings. Rather than punishing her if she breaks something,or simply buying a replacement,take the time to show her

i.iii- lt fi-r; !.,.t'.: how to usethings correctly.Whena toy,game or anything elseis broken, seeif it can be repaired,then make that prccessa lessonitself.Encourage

i.ii;l

:::'i,ri t r-:r:.

:: :*;:i!;'j

l " ll:.1-,,i

your child to help you repair things and teach her how to do simple repairsherseli Demonstnte how you personallytake careofyour family home and encourageyour children to do ljkewise on a daily basis.Draw her attention to the smalldetails,such aspicking up scraypiecesofpaper, bea& or other debrisfrom the floor. COntfOl

Of

ef fOf

wrrenever possible,try to build a control

of errcr into eachactivity so it becomesclearto your child when she'has made a mistake.Therationalebehind letting children use cupsand bowls that break ifthey are droppedor misusedis that children quickly learn to be carefuland controlledwhen they usethern.Mistakesarean opportuniry for patiendy showing your child once more how to do a task correcdy, and generallyleadto a new lessonin problem solving:"How do we gather up aII thosebeads?"or "How do we saGlycleanup the broken pieces?"

5r]. .lfr!

InjrlntJq Prnr slloruotu.rf tl s5u4)uLrollll! paltdilcl .tttrala ot lsa-ralul s.Pltql ,mol I\rlP arD ltql Prtr (trlt aq.L luJlr o,Lt,\ll.l aluorl [r,\ ]rql sJrlr]\rtrr r6rsJP ol 11oi -roJ sI put qiosqt uJlppp il'Llllo ,(1.rr::rraqt -Jo J.lrtnLr,(:o,rl :ecgtotLr.-rt 'sltr Lalelll ll]lLllxultlttllls Put ssrjq'ra,\1ls'sstl.s'Poo.!\ '.r'rr'rrIrtr r r | ' L ,r u r r r ' n , , i t r q J U \ ) r r - q r q r L ' rP r ' ' c r r ' r ) r n l t r l - lr l r o J l p a.\rtl[r]lr tso(rrallt roJ )ool - lrlsBldJo sPtrLIPut dt:q: lrt qrnl,lr Prrlsur se5rd JJs) slllls .-I4 ,(tP,(r.^. trr rsn o1 Pllqtr lnoi si-urqt plo^r'(cA1-31,

.ro.lslrs.r.tn rIlto pur s8l]f sdrrt rsooql no,t uaqrll ,tnrlq Put iiurlputq \ r \ ' ! l 1 r . lu ^ r \ t r l l t . \ \r l l l ('l. 1l " i l r q t ' l r \ J o r . ) r . / r \ u r d o , \ . . . rr r r r ' rr u

ir:pr,(:e,o .r:rqto pur sloor'sio1 rrrl.S {LlOLU.jet"i pUe d}ngaq

iroo/' sr:.ln! P -n } | L i o l l n l a a J L I o ]

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Many of the skills yor-rr child needs to be able to do ro look aftet herself are learnt in rhe batlrloorn. Look carefully at your bathroom and nake any changes needed (seepagc'+1) to ensure this is a safe and comfortable place t o r y , ' u r c h i l d t o r r y r h . f " l J o r v i r r gr ' t i v i t i r '

turning the tap On and Off ruirirn,'t'"igt'tronvardtask It requrres a smell platforn in front ofthe sink your child uses,allowing her to get up high enough to use the tap. Be sulc a sma.1lband torvel is close by for her to usc to dry her hands. Show your child horv to pull out the plug, and explain that it is very important not to allow the u'atel to overflou'frorn thc srnk Sborv her the cold w:rter tap, and tell her "Tl-ris is the tap fbr cold $'ater'" Nolv sho$r her to manage Tap tactics Learning _ _: iaiea'_oin a lap is a blg steP -_

the tap fbr hot rvater.Tell her "This tap turns on tl-re hot w:rter.You havc ro be very carefull The u'ater is so hot ti1:lt it can hurt you "

:..:r,a: b:throom ndePendence

turn it back off' "td Invite your child to turn i! on- lfshc turns it on too fast, say"You hxve to Now slorvly turn on the cold water, p^rt ,"1y,

be careful not to tuLtl the water on too f:lst' becalse it r'vill splash evervwherc." Norv ask your child to turn offthc tap Don't be surprised it she tulns the rvalcr on full force when she means to turn it off.The point

uJrplnll u3rl.\\ peerds uaSo lsolu arn surjaS'uoslss plol PuP nu aql ol 'dc1 spu€q rf,q qsg\\ ot iet!./\\ 1tl-re-'!\Pu€ dcos Sulsn Jo eopt eql arnpo.uur

plqc no.{ er"O SpUeq .qr {ro^\ or.tloqspuersreprm

SUtqSem

' r ; : t a - 1 1 r /ri o 1 s ; l 1 r o q t P L r !L a \ r L r n l L irEoq 3aa!/u rer"., aPrltrul s. d!rr.(: poct

q r i / , ^l t l d o t p l r q r

n c l - r o rs ; i r i i r l n J ; L ! o s a p i ^ o - r d r3l!^

eql r€au.ro Lll

' r | ] r ] ] ; a r c d r e q sS L r r l t l r r s ? q r n s ' s ! a l q o u r e r - r a3r u r , 1o l l € r o u PUE ; . r , u s : j d so u s e L l r n ss a n r p l r n o - r ? r s€a airos ariolLa pu? qsrqPls! 'an

P a c a o L U, { l r s f a3 q ! l ] r r o l P M

P a i l 0 5; . r : q M r o o u a 1 l P q l i M L U o o L!

dn rns alqlr rarer loollrsard E.ro ^\oq € )urs all asn ufr

-c_l /l arys fu d lrr

plrq) .rncl o,raqM

: os ratr.,r rrle d ol a^ol uarplLrll

JateMq]r^^unJ

'a1q,,tl e ro; urc3e -r:,ro pu! l:,{o eslrlrxe srql :snle.rd ol slut^\ plqr inoL gr pasrrdrns eq t,uo1t ip:qsruU u.no-'( put'spueq rno-{ -trp qtoq ,uo5 'Lolel\ sI {uls llt ur rote.{\ aql 1tun.rereal toq ppe pur dr1 -ratsrr\toq :qt urnl uaqr'ur Enld aqr qrul luls eql olur l3le^\ plor !l[os unl ot ,toq plqc -rnod ,uoqs ot pJau p,n no,('sder PIol Puc torl elued:s o,r.eq no,{31 .trog s1rSuonpe: ro,(1:taldruo: :-rour uo de1 :re1e,ttoq eqt Sutu:n] Lq unluradrral:qt

tsnfpr ot ^!oti lJq A\oqs oslv Euruunr sl lal?A\ aql pIoJ

ro toll ^\L,q le. or ,{pq8q ,^^\ru.rJrr"\\rqrln :Fp: Jrlr qlnol ol ^ oq o'rrlr -rno( r*oqs,.toq

lou t1lcl'urle^\ Jtuotraq puE xrttl,{Jql'lal?,{\

log aql uo

uint oeql pur']s-rrj rele,\\ PIol 3ql lrets r,\\JL, ureldxg lsru 8ur^\og i3le,\\ ploJ aql rpr,\\ srqr op'sdu rexrur a,rtq no,(-]l lelr.tr toq .ql qll,l\ Sulql auts rqt dl ol Ja.l Ist'Jo puu uo rote.\\ PIor eql urnl u?l pllql rnod rruo '}]to Put uo,\\oU JrP ulnl ol ,\\orl puE'loq aql sI gtrq,\\ puu dtt :ete,u pior aql sr qrrq,r. Surztsrqdrue 'prpsJu se uossei aqt tced.)I {u$ e ur Jetr,\\ Jo ^\ou aql lorluotr ol ,\\oq i:q qlral ol $ uossei eqljo

'LlroorLllPq eLl] ur qlea, uel aqs

ure,palll u,,oP PU€u >lss,Prql.rnol

a^a ! 1e sla^\o] pu€ auuPl]u^\o -reLl flo Lrraq]slaS1 'sLuoEll> I usaoPdlos seq p Lll,nol a-rnsa>lENatej u€al)

l 8 s l l r ) i sL u o o r q l € q . - , " r i

q8noqtVd€os,o sJapuo/v\aqI

: rl :!rll3;

88 .: ". do it

touch their fingers to their eyes,nose or rtlouth- Olrc ofthc most cllccrivc rvavs to r.educe the spread ofinfections is co encour?gc youl_ child to wash her'hands olicn, scrubbing ther-nwirh soap uncler the nrnninlj u'rter fuL-:rt least 30 seconds.So:rp doesn't kill thc gerrns, bur it does loosen the dirt and grine. Harrd rvashirrgundcr_rurlnins lvarer in rhis rvay is effective because a1l,ofthe g;ernrson your childt hands ar'e u'ashed olfand go

ttrost, ifnot

down the drain- It never hur-ts to explain \\,hy \\'c do things like this, usirlg simple language and a sholt exp1anatio11.

OfUSnlng

te€th

r t 1 , , e i o r r , b i . d . k n o t v .l r o r t r o u 5 et h e ' i n k .

brushing hel teeth just requircs a sma1l toothbrush, pleasant-tasting toothpaste, a rllirror lnd soDle instrlrction. Ask youl dentist for aclvice Tooth care Buyyour ch d a sma

about the best toothblush :rrrd toothpaste to use,as rvell as the best rvay to

Loothbrush and ieachher to b_Lrsh

brush. then tcach your child to do it in the rvay your_dentist recollllnends.

her teetn al1ereverymea.

The general mle is to te:rch ,vour children to brush after every meal. Dont forg5etto explain \vhy br ushrng is so importrnt.

bath

time

M:rny childrencnjoy the ti.re rhey spe.d

togethcr with mum or dad at bath tin1e and you \\'i11 want to super-viseuntil you c:rn clear-\ see thlt your-child is old enough and capable of ba$ing herself safely. Usually, sonetime betu'een the lges ofthree and five,1'our cl-rild rvi1l let,vou knorv that she is old enough to bath herself. Follorv hellead, but rnake sure sl-re knows the con'ect wiy to wesh hcr heir and use a face cloth.

bfuShing

haif M"k. ,.,..,uour chilcl hashero*o brushor

comb and shorv her horv to brush and tidy her hair'.lfshe preGrs you to blush it folher, that's fine.As she gets older, she might like to learn horv to put in easy to use hair clips and bands.

Tidy hair Hav ig he- own harrbrirsh ^

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tai.ePf de n hef epPearance.

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'LDPJ-] lsea U aJPspseLraLlss8uq] eL,1llPos plrt-ll,rnol ..-, urocrqPqaq] u uoiel

? dnles ul€ol o1)l)!no €rr.rs

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touch thet firrgers to their eyes,nose or lr1outh. One ofthe most effective ways to reduce the spread ofinfections is to encourage your child to rvash her hands often, scrubbing them with soap under the runnir-rg water for a! least 30 seconds.Soap doesn't kill the germs, but it does loosen the dirt xnd grin-re.Hand washing under running water in this way is effective because most, ifnot

all, ofthe gerns on your childt hands are washed oIf and go

down the drain. lt never hurts to erllain why we do things like this, using sinple language and a short explanation.

bfUShing tegth o,r." youl child.knowshow to usethe sink, brushingher teeth just lequiresa small toothbrush,pleasar-rt-tasting toothpaste, a mirror and sone instruction. Ask your dentist for advice

Tooth care Buyyourchida sma

about the best toothbrush and toothpaste to use,as well as the best rvay to

toothbrushandteachherto brush

brush, then teach your child to do it in the rvay your dentist recommends.

herteethaftereverymea.

The general rule is to teach your childlen to brush alier every me:ri. Don't forget to explain why brusl-ring is so i111portxnt.

bath

time

Many childrenenJoythe tlne they spend

together with mum or dad at bath tirne and you wili want to supemise until you can clearly see that your child is old enough and capable of bathing henelf saGly. Usually, sometime between the ages ofthree and five, your child will let you know thac she is old enough to bath herseli Follow her lead, but make sure she knows the correct way to wash her hair and use a face cloth.

bfUShing

haif nank.,u.. yourchildhasherownbrush or

comb and show her how to brush and cidy her hair'.Ifshe prefers you to brush it for her, that'sfine.As shegetsolder,shemight like t o l e . r r rht o w t o p u l i n r r s ) - r o - u \ el r . L i r , l i pr.n d b a n d s .

Tidy hair !aving her own harbrLrsh or comb he ps your ch ld to earn to take pr de in her appearance.

E E *'3.

'qleej lsea u orP spaauaqs sSuiq]eLl] os p ,lr ..rnc,( -ro] lE uoo-r]lpq Jq1u !o l?:lsIPLusP dn 1asul€al olltlno

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trcr'-

r d ol qsnrq pL! Jld Fnp l] sesnJLi.rotllEl'Lls

a,EnbsaLll olul 51q aLll sdool'\s ,{ r4o-rl ails spueqq}oq llt ^/\ uroorq .reLlP cLl o].t^oL ]irrlrl 3U^EH O \I

'srqsp oco,^^sufr aqs Lll LI'\^ sp-l]^\o]]JErer ! au aq}!J sa^F,oo l padp]V INO uaLltl>laql lrc a.rEnbs

:datslq dars dn Surdaar"rs

.$s

'sa ]hrl]€ ellrno^eJs pa-l! ]o euo s aql qlL4\Lunrus q d eq 01 )JO/1^aSnOq .r"1r'np.r"q1""1 3r',n Jalsnqlsnc "q1

'Jruoq req loJ aJlltr ol Surdlaq ur rq311apeltt p,t eqs'l:apad elrnb lou sl 1I 3sneJeq euop seq 'Jluerledrrl '3ul33eu lnoqlr.tr plqc rno-( Surqraruos Buroper pue rusonur 'l.p:*jor €urqt qreorddr nof,j1 pe8t8ua ere nod qcrq.nl ur qof eql qlr-t dyeq ol tue,u p-tt pue punort no-( .uo1o3 o1 Fle>14eroru aq 11l,upllt{f, lno-{ 'p"etsul >lsete qsrlduotcr ol u,{\o rrJql uogo og o1 rue-tr lou trlqeqo:d rno^ lo] 3rrs.p leq eq -^.lensn III,tr uarplnp 3uno1 p,ro.ldde pue uotlue e gr-tl rno dlaq ol ,arap eqa dlruce laqtouP ur P.ssor8us .q [r^r'! 3qs sarun reqto t€ pu"'dleq ot snoD(rE eq III/ eqs saluneuros leql eunsse Plnoqs 'asJnol no 'a els 3l]tl e olul plrlJ ]no,{ u]nl ol rule aql lou sl lr Jo 'II!)ls eq] Perelselu strl aqs Iaun sqluou .!o $lee^\ ro3 ralo pue re o Surqteruos seop plq::no-(3r pasudlns eq l.uoc 'uonneder pu€ elurerd dq ureel us:p;n13 replo eues Jql uI Put 3rull qlee 'sdJls aseql lueurdrnbe arueseqt Sunn euop sr Sulq :rale leql elns SuDIelu ozrpntrr ot luetrodrur s,tr'p1s e Suru;ea1 sr p1n1: :no( elll{71\'sdels IJerus 'Lueql]PS)OO3q .le^euAq,ir'\ ul q qlrM sle$ treq]]ueure sttl)e ]o esuese )nl SuLqs od 3u!ultls ooqS sa^r8seoLls

i(]flqrsuodsarre.r Lllr,^^ lnq ^? d Je1€,4 se un, qlnLuse s,]

dn 3u qseMaql op

o1se^ol aso! lJn rale,v. qtl|\ unJ

sradlaqol}}rlrnol asnoq oql PUnoJe]no Suldlaq

1 0 2= : - - ed o i t

Pouring lentils Llly Rose pracrises

thejugwth Water skillsSupporting

pour ng lent ls from one jug to another

L y Rosethen pracrises bothhands,

A co ourcd tray catchesany that sp ll

usingwater nsteadof entls.

pour liquidsis much easierto POUf Learningto masterifyou give your child smalljugs with handlesthat are the right size for her sn-rallhands,and which ar.enot too hearryfor her to control when leafning

tO

they are full. The entire processis also made easierif as a fint step you teach your child how to pour somethiIrgdry, such as uncooked rice or jug to another.Fot this first exercise, very smalljugs lentils,from one sn-ra1l such as those used for crcam are the best size.It is a good idea to put a coloured tray under the jugs, then arry spilled rice or lentils will be contained and can be easilyseen and cleanedup when your child has finishedpractising. Show youl child how to graspthe handle ofthe jug using whichever hand she is most con-rfortablewith. Then demonstratehow to support thejugjust under the spout with her other hand.Thisgivesher ntaxintum control asshe pours.The exerciseis to pour the dry rice or lentils from one jug into the other.When done, she can iepeat the processwith the other jug. Emphasize to your child the importance of being careful. "Darling, seeifyou can pour the rice from onejug to the other without spilling a singlegrain ofrice."

'seaduaaJ8 Palool JO aSAeqrro saqn) se qrns .-|arsu€rl ot saruelsqns1q3!raql llelas nol ]l ).ro' P asn or plrlll rnol Sulll)ealroj ssaroJdetu€saql asn uer no 'ssa)o-r6oql lEada! '3r|r

rSurSualieqr Paups? rl)ns

eroLLr 3ulqtatllosql)v\ sueaqrelnq aSrrl aqr SupEldarlq Aln)ll4!P

uoururprooJ

'd1aq iue rnoqrt.u dplailol

lnod o1 pepeJu

e(e-pueq eqr ure8 ot erqleld Jo stlluoru ^utu

us:plqi)

t uI luleal to.r sI sserold slql taqr[rLua]f Suno-( tsoru se>lEttl i.(ep 'dorp e 8u-q1ds lnoqtltt sse13 eql otur rett \ 3q1 rnod ot -raq a8ueleq3 8lrteqr uI aJIr PruPJo plslsur ploq p,tr sstf no.t ueq,u 'lpurg :no-{ lurqt [L{\ Plrlr lno,{

:elr,tr e:t1d tpta.r sr plq:

oqt utrl1 8nf aqt orur .fll

erotu Surnnd lou dq p:a::ns

Irqt i1a11 e.roru tr :{eru utr no1 ssr13t olut 8nf:ql ruo{i slrl eql lnod 's8nf:o8rtl dpqSIIs raq 8ur,t8 ,(q req :o3 ol (:l :erl 8urrcq (q uerp pue Eu€uelltq:

erout tr eltur uer no-,('1selslrll Prl3lselu serlplql

lno,{ urq,ll!

lo lo^alaql esPar)ur'3urllrds lnoqll,1slql oP ue] aqse]uo

>Lu Jp r I esraq.rnod uel pue 8u lLdsroqlrM l}5r q1sr oqs-]a,reueqM

'slu?,i aqs s? saull

ll nlarel ,Lalp^^ Jnod 01 a qe ^\ou sraso; l1 dals luepuedopu! uV

lueur s? ssafoJdaqt reador u€) sqs PeLlsrug slq 3qsuaq /\llasraq l! op ol Plrqrrnol eSuoll?q] 'reqlo aql ol l/v\oqauo rl.lor, eulll ? l€ auo'sueeqeq3Jorsur.lrol /\Aoq rnol .rojazrslq8u rJq noq5'p11q: aqxsrr€qr uoodse Paaullr/v\nol 'suEaq JaDnqpaup ss qrns'uoods or lsea ll.rrq Sulqtaurossuteruo: q)rq/ Jo auo'sl/r^oqo/Y\lPu?ftll dola^aP P qlr,{ rrers slll}s aLuBl?aLLr ot dleq llr/"\s)JoJpue suoods'slr'oq qru^ saLuPB a)ll)€rd auros3utl{ 'rr 3ulddorPlnoqlt^ sLltnoLu Jlaql o1alPld E u,lo-I, pooj Surra8Jo alq€d€rlll€lrslqd ts€altr eJr leLll leql os iorlllol spsnur auu qSnoue!!P3 o1 LUeql sa,t1o,rul ssa:o:d oqr 1o 3u1d1aq uPd'sreuu€lualqq pooguarpllql rno q)ea]or lrl snjo lle ellqM

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AIrlUeJ Jrll UI auodle^e tueutq Jo sJl{s eql

{rl ot pesn rq uer leql s{f,Idqlool .ruos ppv rutfPuB euut5rrrrl ro lalnq qtl.\\ P€aJdssfi1rErf Jruos Put eusueq Palrls Jo eltld e f,ledald ol rulq asHnoruo llesrun{ loJ 1rEus e Surr?drrd luJpguof, sl Plrqr rnod axuo 'I{Jear slq uqll,e\ .{lqelJoj tuoJ JI3qs ^\ol e uo 1d3{.q pFoqs a8pI]J Jr{t ur paro}s 3cl o1 prsu ]eq] srtlell dlaq lnoqll-{\ >lllus e .IeIu ol sPsau eq q]€al ^Iste utr PIqf, lno-{ erns 3)l?W slrsuetn pue sru3lparSur .qt [t ,{ra1ecput slol.r€l sEqrns 'allls o1 sSuq] tplrfpp

':sp1o .:roru rlrrl e,t8'e-1u1 aqt 1o:luol ot elqE rroru pue .re8uo:ls

sl:r8 eq sy eueueq e se qJns'pooJ ltos dn 1nr ot eJnDI eqt 3sn ol ,{\oq plrq.l .rnotrrlrpJr o.r uo o3 ucr no,{ Sutpeerd\ prlel\eur \tq )q JJUO ru€l . rrlleJtr r uo elrl qlns Put 're1nq peards ol tr esn or,roq pue -{1t:arror 3lPu€q eqt dr:8 or,toq p1q: :nod uoqg rurueq e lo as.rqr Uos qSnorqt tnl ol qStour dreqs tsnf e3p: ue seq a3ru13o ad-'{rsrql a;ru1 eseoql fierus t sPqrns'lutod papunor € seq leqt auo JsooqJ e;ru1 lprus e esn ot ^\oq plqc :no,( Sutq:t:l trq urSag 3lesulq ruerlt SuDIeut uI p.^[o^ur trlq 1e3 ot st slleus dqrpeq

tee ot plqr rno( o8ernoruool trt.t eu6 'alaldLuol s >l)€ussrqMoN al n

)f,eus

))eus srLlo] ] sPpepue lleeu aF]€u€ueq3u;1119 serLs

o1 ,(peeg

p.leoq3uddoqre uo eLr€ueq eLUos

o] 1o 3nl a pr umo sq uro,rl.rnod ,^or.lturPa srq uolo8

e SUf.fgda,f d )l?us e 3)eLLrol rail?rl

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S0l asnoq aq) PunojElno durdlaLl

108keepingthe peace

KEY IDEA

courtesyand We canhelpour childrento learngood behaviour, love. reassurance and unconditional by demonstration, compassion ln a Montessori-inspiredhome, parentstry to be empatheticand caring, respectingchildren asreal and separatehuman beings.Children alsoneed to develop a senseof empathy for others, and must learn the rules of collrteous everydaybehaviour.Toaccomplishthis, we need to help thern learn selFrespectaswell as compassionand respectfor others.Since we cannot alwaysbe with them, we need to teach them to act with honour and integriry whether or not someoneis watching.Wecant preparethem for every situation that they will face over the years, but we can teach them how to apply general rules of kind behaviour to new situations

baby

behaViO

to discipline, U I Babiesandtoddlersdont respond

rules and punishments,but they do respondto unconditional love.They Making an impression Happy timesspentwith you leavea lasting impression in yourbabysmemory.

are not yet at a stagewhere they know right from wrong.They live in the moment, and when they want something,they want it "ight now". One secret ofliving happily with very young cbildren is to work hard at understanding what they are trying to communicate when they cry. Crying is one of the few ways they can communicate. It can mean that they are hungry or that they need to be winded, they may be in an positionor rheym:y needa nappychange. uncomforcable

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eqt uo oB :o urc3e aprJseqt u-^dopo3 ot e111nod plno ! selnurur0I ur eruoq o3 ol e,trq l,sr11,, uoos Suneeyeq paa nol teql ecuelPe ul{\.ou:{ plnlc mod tel'puno:3[e1deqr rt elt nodl 'eldlutxa roJ umllue] e ol peal upr Jlestr ur srql pue 'suoErsuel q]r.^I\euIr] preq e eA€Il uelPIIqJ euros . 'elqrssodseLplee seslueue8uu.rt aql eltu 'uonuatl" FJrpeu speeu 3qsJI qtopeJe3 lure-^a? pu? urq rlsrqqn::o 1,troqlrdure ue nod le8 urr Lq:eauauoaruos3rees'1:rs aq ol Euro8sI slls {urqt no(I req Surrnsst:r rltemb'arro

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I 15 @*g

the peace

bedtimebattles banishing Bedtime can eitherbe a specialtime or turn into a Powerstrugglebetween parents and children. Cbildren can resist going to sleep for many reasons: they resent being told they have to; they are aftaid that they will miss something; they are not tiied; or t}rey simply want to remain close to their parents.As in any situation, ask yourself what your child's behaviour is really trying to tell you.Then look for a way to give your child some of what shewants,and still get her to go to bed.

eStabliSh

*'dothe sarne thing every t.,

evening;Decilmg

ritiralsheip

a fOutine

routine mightinclude A goodbedtime

a bedtime snack,followed by a bath, brushing of teeth, reading a story then a snugglebefore tucking your child in and kissing her goodnight. Do the same thing every evening; bedtime rituals help children to calm down and Gel teassured. Begin your bedtime ritual an hour or so before you actually hope to have your child asleep.Keep everything calm. This is not the time to do anythingto encourageexcitemenl.Give a warning l0 rninuresor so before it willbe time to begin the ritual. This dlows yout child tirae to wind up whatever activities she is engaged in. Tiy to avoid power struggles by

in your eyes.For childrento ealn'toffering your child choices,each of which is acceptable to tuck you in tonight?" example,"Would you like Mummy or Daddy

downrand fee!

Ifyour child hasdifficulty going to sleep,tryusingguidedvisualization. This is a processwhere you use words to describea pleasant,calming

neassilred"experience.Some parentsuse soothing music in the background.You might tell a gende story such as how you and your child are going on a trip by magic carpet or sailing down a beautiful river. Another strategyparentsuseis to havea conversationwith their child about happy memories."Do you rememberwhen you were litde and I used to carry you on my shoulders?" Or you might tell each other somethingthat you particularlyappreciateabout one another:"I love the way you are so kind to everyone. It makes me really proud to be your Mum." You can encourage your cbild to talk about her day by asking the right questions in the right way. For example,"What was the best thing about today?" rather than "\f,4rat did you do today?", which usually prompts the answer"Nothing."

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rlrtor llo'i-lt i'o''iltlttJ i p u r i 1 p , r ' .1 1 : r t 1 o l : t r o i r , \ . l r o . \ I i l - l r l u P l I I l o l rloi purl or ijttnlloj Plni 'lLl rlr t'rl rjllr.\Pr ['] 1:rr r u1 tc1:l:1E,. llrtll slplrll:r (L l\p''Lrltr lllo(xf:Ll irrr]]=r-e plt1.r .n-rrrr -lo n.r:ltLrd ssJlPtra III plo\lr j'-: -rtollPJcl -llloi r')II() :i r::-::ir-i 1.::i rno-( :rrlr1 ttrof

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u\to discipIine Manyparentsbelievethat the word discipline meansto punish.In reality,it meansto teach. Every child will test the rules to some degree.In fact,most actsoftesting parentsarea normal part ofa childt Processofgrowing up.When children test adults, it is often their way of expressing feelings that they dont understand,and from our responsesthey graduallylearn how to handle their emotions appropriately.By testing the lirnits, they learn that we really cale about certainground rules ofgrace and courtesyin our relationships. In acting out, they aretaking their first tentative stepstowardsindependence, atternptingto demonstratethat we dont contrcl them comPletely.

family ground

rules and rules agr""onyourfamilyground

get them wdtten down and displayedwhere both parentscan reGr to them.Teachyour child how to do the right thing rather than focusingor: his mistakes.In the Montessori-inspiredhome there are usuallyjust a Direct action lYakeit one ofyour ground rulesthat your child cleans up himselflf he spilssomethn8.

Gw basicrules: . Treat everyone with respect. . Ifyou usesomething,put it back correcdy when you are finished. . IFyoubreakor spillsomething. clear it up. . Tell the truth and don't be afraid to admit when you make a mistake. You should be absolutelyclear in your mind about your family ground

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'uousanb dps '.ra.4sue fi$ " le3 ot {1e1T er,no( e 1seno-{;1.,2eru131ot a Bq nod op seurnfueru,uoll ip€C .troul t.uop y,,'aqppor esuodsuelrudo:dde :qr qrrq.{\ or !.a no,t 1el or e,req1 op sueunplql rno-{1seot re^eu saruu(ueur aolf,,'se qrns'suousanbayqeJe.4 &r 'aqa 1p a,roqy dseas(aup lou ql1 :a3ue put sllnsurSursnueql leqte.l a,ursod sq1 azrseqduropue dpru.:ror s3urql op o1 p1q: :no,{ qrtaa 's*ec pauatca;qtSurequosredeqt3r f,po 1:o,ra.pue Sunsq-Suoldyaer erc treqt'stlnseraterpeumrrernpo:d ol pual nuaurqsrundepqrl eurtdosrp '{1qen8:y Jo surro; raqto ot [e-^ se lsnf puodsu 1JL/4ue]plrgtr eseqt 'e^ol rno {tr"q ul^\ pue sn asreld o1 snorxut a:e sluoruqsrundLq ualeqs aft pu? stearqtot puodser oq,{\ uerpllql'pueq reqro aqr u6 peqsrund arc deqt 3r .ref luop pu? ol"qeqsrEr uego deqr 'eruapusdepur rreql Su4resseJle ro'dr8ue a:e uorplqJ uaqll\'el\eqeq ot uorplq. 1eBo1 sloo1

puesrearqJ pooSrouo:esruaurqsund q)€Al

roJ )ool u! o^!S lldurls l.uoo . letot uae^taq',urt{l ,,sJo3uP,Ds 'uerpl!q)pu€s)ue.r€d pu€'ss^r^pu? sPu€qsnqueanlaq tu€tJodur!tsrolu u.e^aaJ?lsalJnotr Pu! sssuPU!>,, :e,!l lllu.r€J Jo alnJ uoploS qurelureH lraqou requreureu . .;rl^out?qt SuroPe)rl 'trlntJ,,',(lelllod laa, tou op lllEar | ..ou,,Ies ol pl!qt rnol qr€ol. qtra a)rnlol€rxol-ro ..iJauulP ret?/ a)rl nol PlnoM,, sa^lleuJatl? alqlrdatr)elll€nbe o,,^1uean^taq erlorll e a)€ur Pllqr rnol lal ol s.4P?14 Joj >lool uetrno.^JaiauaqM 'so)!oqt pllq) Jno,( o 19 . ..ioN,,Joasnpu€saF3n4s Ja/^odjo reqLunueqt alnPeJ dlaq ot sar8aterlsauos aJ€o.raH

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f,proqqnrsp.u ppP &e^e:letelroJeuooS,,OU'' UO U

Op lnf

'paouSr uet-1oar lrqt s.lnrJo suezopueqt .rar.q qf,nlu e.rrselnr poo8 l!\e3y esnoq:nof, ur a1n:puno.r8E eq t,uplnoqsr'uI"8! pue ure8e:pr e aro3ur:: oljyas:no{ 8ur.rqluer no(JI tuotsrsuoJeg 'suonenl$ qlns slpueq ot,{\oq lnoqe uosself,rsBqeqt qrrel 3l um nod'(petele:SSe.(leoosradtou arenoL3r's reqt) pe5reqo,ficuonoure lou sr uonant$ eqt JI dots ot urq 1se ,tlurg tnq -{ar11odpue ep: puno:3 eqlgo urq purura:ruetrno etrroqJeteudordde3roru e SuuseB3ns

122keepingthe peace

your child learn how to behavewell in anycomPany. Few people seem to consider the value of teaching children the fine detailsofacceptablebehaviour.In Montessorischoolsthe "lessonsin grace and courtesy"- exerciseswhich set a tone ofrespect and kindness- sit alongsidethe more conventionalsubjecs on the curriculum We show our children how to shakehands,greet a friend and say goodbye.We demonsffatehow to interrupt someone who is busy and how to tell someone"no thank you"politely.We teachchildren how to speakindoors and how to play nicely.We show them how to offer a sincere apology and how to resolveconflictspeacefully. Simple

lgSSOnS

The first stepis to exAlaina situationin simple

Lend a hand Beinghelpfulto

terms and demonstrate the right way to handle it Then have your cbild practisewith you, role playing the sequenceof events.Children enjoy

youngerchildrenis a keylesson

theselessonsso long as they are kept short, and if they have not been

rn graceandcourtesy.

or threatenedfor making a mistake. embarrassed For example,ifyour child tends to yell at the top ofher lungs inside the house,you need to show her how to keep the noise to a level that doesnot disturb other people.First,asit is happening,insteadofscolding, politely but firmly ask your child to speaksoftly pleaseThen, choosea

COUI-t€S/ lessons Here are some moaeideasfor lessonsin tiace and courtesy: ' sating"please"and"thank you" . usinga kind tone when speaking: no whininSor yellint . how to askfor a turn or if you can play.too . how ro introduceyourself . how to open and closedoors . what ro do if you haveto cough of sneeze . givingpeoplecompliments and encoufagement . allowingothers to passin front of you or to go flrst ' saing "excuseme" if you bump

. respondingpolitely when someonecallsyou oa says your name 'walkingaroundareaswhere other childrenare workjngor pla/int on the floor and not srePPrnS over rnem . learninghow to wait . not interruptingother people when they are talking . answerinS!he telephonepolitely

moment when neither you nor your child are upsetabout the behaviour to give her the lessonon the right way to speakindoors. Speakin simple languageand show her what you mean. For example,you might say:"1 want to talk to you about indoor voices.When we are outdoors,itt so we needto shor.tt sowe crn heJreachol her.Outdoors big.andsomecimes it doesn'thurt our earswhen someonetalks loudly. So outdoors we qan use our outdoor voices.But when we are indoors, it hurts our earsand bothers the neighbours,too, if we talk too loud. Indoo6, we need to use our indoor voices." Now show your child what you mean.Jalk very loud, and ask,"Was I using my indoor voice or my outdoor voice?"Talk normally."What do you thin&?WasI using my indoor or my outdoor voice?Indoors,we use our indoor voices.Outdoors,we useour outdoor voices-" You can teach all sortsoflessonsthis way,such assaying"please"anci "thank you" or closing doors without slamming.Some families have the manner ofthe week.They introduce a new rule ofeverydaycourtesyeach week,and practiseit with one another over mealsand around the house. fOlg

mOdelS

To teach children good manners,they need to see

that their parents, older siblings and ftiends follow then consistendy as well. The example that we set through our own behaviour is more powerful than anything we say.Children are absorbing everything they see us do, especiallywhen they are very young, and soon they begin to talk and actjust like us.We are their role models. Bearing in mind that your child will be influencedprofoundly by the peoplearoundher,choosewisely the children and adultswith whom your child will spendtime.Avoid loud, chaoticsituationswhere largegroupsol children are over-stimulated and generally behave rudely. Choose your child'splaymatesthoughtfully.If she spendstime with a farnily that allowschildrento createhavocin their home,dont be surprised when your child brings that behaviout home with her. Pay attention to the way prospectiveplaynatet parentssupervisetheir children. Do they ignore them or talk on the phone amidst chaos?It is not your place to judge other families and how they behave,but it is your obligation to make good choicesfor your child.

selqpooB pur sEu13e.r8 ..,,!r"\,]elrrool Moq uMoqss eLls -:-..' : DlscrrlspLrarluJPe o] sfels r ql,rno Slgoooc

cNtlvs

'AFlarrol uo uMop 1rso] ,\^oq ] PUe )l)eq l lnd PU€mo -reql r Ind o] uJeo u€t p ql ]no suSNNvI

a'tsvL

'lpeJrol uMop ] ]es o] ueql pu€ 'spurLlqloq 3u sn 1 3u l]rPl nol ol SurqleluosSurrqo] r' oq P ql 'tnlf uv) Jnol LPeel9Nt,tuuvf,

'uo

,^ oqs o] p lLll rnol a8e.rnolul

]eurproorpuea)u€eq Plq) "rno{

saql€a]'3uro8sraqs aJaq,u3u q)1er' eu e 3uo E I ln]a.]€l8uq P,^^3u sLpe.r! 'louJ-Nof, oNv NolrvNlouoof,

s||] o1u s..ro]sr^ a|,LroL]

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NOlSSVdl.lO) CNV 3UV)

aLLrolla,4o] {r.4\ l]a.r.ro)eq} p rql Jnol ql€ol _Ltfu9 oNvIffN

sJauu€rupue {salJnof,'ssauput)Sutu;eag

511 lsaunor

pu€ a)el8

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t

126 lI,!\Eq aqt tes 'lno slrs reddoqsserSwql pue dururnl u \o .rI3If olur (3eq cuseld) &rnunr qreddoqssa8eqr ruoS u:ordod eqr dldure uel (eql'auo qlrl daql 's8eq rrrseld rreql ur lr Sunnd ;r pw s:eddoqsser8eql SurseqcsSog aqr te5 pw eurn e le ecerdeuo dn tr lctd ot u.tropBurdoors(q u:oldod aql,,we,,

Sutleld 1g1sauret Ared paseq-a.rnreu

152

wider world

As pllerrts, rve can hclp oul children lear'n to livc i|i pcace and h

rnolly

lvith all pcople-We clrn do this by introcluciltg therrr ro diflerenr places rn the rvor'lcl.and flliing thcir lnirrds *'ith l,oncler lnd fiscin:rtion lbl lll the clillerent cultru_eset an age r'hen t1-reyhilve yct !o encounter the kind of :rtirudes rhat bleeclferr lnd prejudiceA11of lrunranity is parr ofa global faniil,r'.!fc- share the sarre needs.and hlve nrorc' tirings in conmon

than divicle us. Thc differences anlong us

stc'nrfiorn our difFerent cultulal rvays ofnreeting these sarDeneeds.Rathel than fcf,Iir-l!! those differences, childlen can cotnc to undcrstand and appreciirtethe crlrural richnessand diversitythat definesus.To learn offrr rwa-v pl:lces,to dl-eanl,to i1r-iigine,to hope to go there some clayhas alrv:rys allorved children rnd adults to emblace the wholc Norld and to cale about its rvel1 being.Thele is 1lo educrtional objective nole ilt-rport:tnt than to bring orrl childlcn into full nenrbelship of dre htman tinih'. Different worlds Bl nra. l1gthings _ ;.ir i - icre :n acaessLre to cJ . .1,e_ ..a .c J thenrto a,ppre.ate

tl-r11rgs thir! lrc fbreign to chrldlen! experieDcc coole alive. Perh.rps che

: _ : L . ' a l c _ ; lc: l i i e w c e r ' r o

casicstrrrev to do this is througit u,o d cclcbntions and conract rvith

d

CUitunal

people flon

StUdigS

To acco'rplish our gorl.rve ]ravero make

otllel culturts. Monressoli schools Dr:Lkeuse of h:rnds on

s , :- ] - a : t . a r ; _ r t J L ! o - 4 s i o l l l l r 1 r

'tr Surr?dardJo ssrrolcl 3qt III p:^lo^rll oslt Jlr iJr]tJI Nrtr Srrrtlltroos -,(l 1I,n urrppqt tsour pul e:u:r.todxa Ilrlrosurs t ol JIJSII spual lrlnrlllrcl ur pool ,i,rols pooi_ r prrr J-rlrtp 'iuos 'poo] liq PJlutdrllortrr 3r iilll:r:ecls: 'uorssardtrr Burtstl t si]r'arJ put unl sr sJrtlntsoa turrr:llrP ur c'lnStrtss:-r11 ro{ sJ]urp llol pur s8uos u-rr:a1ot :,ro1 ,i'rqa':tsntt lrl,Lo^\ rqt punor[ ot,Suruetsqprrr j.ro,\\tlr,lrau Slni-o,(ofrr:r i:q1 seuttn-rolrJrllo uI a^Il u.rplql

r\orl tnocN serrolsjt:rl ol alill,{:qf

rrr rra,rPlql i^uno

' : a l i ! r : ' : ; L J n r S a l L r u i l S S a i Po +

a'r -r.-p !r i, ro,\Fr3u?:ulv

u.,rPlrql leq]o ur p.lsrlrllrr

:rLroq tt LlarolddE eluns aql qtrnlu asn rltr no 'patJar[ro]lrtLtl POr uo-sPuttl

t:osrr:s-rtlnrrr st rt,:lo:t.t:u t ot qlrorddr lno uI Surqt(to,\E suoqHq.lrr prn aau[p lBrror]rplrt'rlsntu'l-rt'sprr:otr1Prn ser-rots's:1its:3r1'ssa-rp'pooJ 'Eursnoq ,rroql prw eldoed Jqt 'ar.qt .^{ rttlt spLo t pIIe stutld :qt 'otllurP .qr JIJsr pLrq 3rlt .te lool r,\ 'rar-rJv -\pnts .1\\ (I.rq.!\ 'ilqlur>i] rol 'sr^uraclsrJcl(urtr rtro.r3 lr tr Srrlriool'.tlrll t lr: rrdot ro JruJql ualli ruo uo sJrpntsrllc) sllro] r^|Pl.roi\

aaF -1.^o Ifc t[Io.r.l LI]\\r]p

\rrorlr.r(la[J] luuortrurJtur

PLrt s.lJlIaIlaoxa

t_

|

CUltUfal holidays -r ::el ir:.elebraiint your iaril,.s

WhiCh

CUltUfgl

focuson oneco.ntr) Srrrrs.ralla.clsimple.Just

for,vour lirsr veer.You mighr like to st:rrtwith a lovel) pictule book or':r r'ldeo aborrt thL'coulltr'\i Sinrple things such as collecting pictures and

o r ' : r t : _ . d i t i o n a f . , | g i o u - .o f . u k u [ a l h o i r C r y s. : 1 . 1 ry e a r rr r ) / f i n d i n g o u .

postcards ale a good eally step. Kccp thc follorvir.ig points irr rnind:

abolrt cr goir-rg r o w a L a l rs o . n e

. tsegin by rdn ttinll that you don't knorv everytling about the culture

o t l r e r c u i r u r ' : l cl e l e b r a r i o r s . T h e s e

you rr-estucl,ving. butjust like youl child, you are lcarning nror:. i rf e c f t e n m € n r o f r b l e e x p e f i e r c e s i o r - y o L i n g . h i l d r e i r .i l e r e : r f e s c n ] e cf tire rnai.f roiidir/s: _ " Cli nc!. N.iv )'.a . R c s i r l i . \ l r , r n ar n . i Y o n r

. Convey curiosit,vlnd ldventule. Prctcnd that,vou.uc going u'ith 1'oru children on :r trip to this strenrte countr\', and you ar-epr-eparine fbr it. . Ahva_vsspeak n'ith respect and c:lre about the cultule. Cl-rildlen pick up -vour underl-ving enlotions. . Make sure th.t everything vou sharc.r'r'ithyor"rrchild about thc culturr- is

Kip!irf 1je'rvisir) ' C j r r n t | l ( iI ( l e ' , v i r l j ) ' Pas5over- e!.ilsh) , Diwali (Hlr.j!r) ' Eid (f'lLsiim)

authentic anci accLrrrte.

Cfeatg

a display

Getheras'*rch i'lbrmarionasyon canrboul

the couDtr-y you have chosen florl

your' local librar'_v and bookstole'.

Borrorv artefacts fiom lelatives ancl liicnds r,ho :rre lionr the cour-itrJ or " C i r i i s . m a s { C h r 5 i ; ar l . N l € w Y € a .! D a ) ' Fastef lChrirri:n) . V a l e n ! i 1 l e sD i y

riro have been there: sonre people nra-vbe n'ilhng to loan yru artr.ork, lecordings of fureign music or- audrertic n:rtive costunes. These c:ll be clisplayedin vour hornc lbr a shorr dme, xnd then returned. Ifyou

" ;i: Pn,:r'icki Day " l"ir/ De) 'i'lorlrers D;ry . FrJref ! Da). Shrove _iiie5day ' l-li ic.re en . Gry F3i/(es and bcnfrc fight

are lucky enouqh to be visiting the country you al-einterested

in, rnakc a collectior-r r,hile vou arc thclc. Look for starnps.coins ancl papcr lnoDev: souveni$; newspape$ ancl nragazincs;postcardsshorvi|rg citics firlous landruarks end evetr,'dayscenes;small e\:lDlples oftypical artli'or* alid crafts.liom pottery to baskets,carvirgs and statuettes!o postels,nrodcl houscs.boats and so f,rrth: dolls clressedin tradirional nrtive costunre; tradrtional hats end cosrurnes thxt the children can trv on- If ,rtou knor' someone else \vho is going, give them a rvish list. Set up a special ar-ee,a table or- shell, soile\\d1ere iD yorir hone to displal' vour treasures:doJ1s,toys, errrvork, books, model honses,picture collections, coins and such likc'. lt is useful to have a wali behind vour clisplay so yor,r can hang a poster rl1 p;rinting as part ofyour

disple,vYour

children and their ftiends should find the cultur:rl display attrlctive and eppealine.Decorate it .,r,ithitems such as papcr hntelns. sculptule,brightll irrrprinted fabrics,flags,ornarrrentalflrnsand florvers.

.{ t !

J * 4'q \ ,'

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ra

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156 exploring the wider world

pmr€y ber€hdmy Montessol-i:chsois use a specialcelebrationthat you cari casriyrdopr rt lroire tr) inart(your :hiic's brrrhdav.

Traditionalbirthday partiesoften tend to focuson presents,partybagsand lots of sugaryfood. A Montessori birthday celebrationtakesa different approach,airning to introduce a little wider understandingand ceremony into theploceedings.Children aregivena first impressionofthe relationship betweenEarth and the Sun and taught that a year is the amount of time it takesfor Earth to circle the Sun once.Children are alsotold the story of their lives,yearby year,ftom birth to the presentday.

COUnting

the

yeafS

Youwill needa smallglobeto represent

Earth, a candle or lamp to representthe Sun, and a circle (or ideally,an ellipse)drawn on the floor with n.raskingtapeor laid out with a long piece ofyarn, representingthe orbit ofEarth around the Sun.Make notesabout important eventsin your childi life to date,and collect photos of her at different agesto help tell the story ofher liG so far. On the day ofyour childi birthday,gther your family aroundthe line, The story so far A candle

leaving plenry of spaceso the birthday child can rvalk freely.Bring the

representsthe Sun and a g obe

candle(or lamp) and the globe to the gathering.Have your notes and the

rFnrFl.roa req uo aueu rag u8n p1n1ono( dpg 'e1oqqcee qSnorqt uoqqr: e 3ur'& pue reded eql ur saloq Surqcund dq looq t otur urerp pulq pue rcded eoru uo ureql lur:4 sa8edluo:eg-rp ar{t roJ suont4snll u^\o leq PPeueql'ernltrrd req ur an13or ery,&tl plnp :nod'r.uo1oq aqt le 3xe1eqr qtr-ar'e8edrad acualueseuo lsnf ruud noL31 'ruo3 e8ltl r Srnsnlno lr tuud pue relndruoc sql olut tr adll lo tprau 1no rr Surrurrd'plor* ro3 p:o,r,r's{ts oqsreq.{\u \oP otrr4l rirors e dn aleru or luea deur p1n1c.lep1o:non erntcrd aql ur u1!\oqsqeru&I€Jo sJalf,Ereq?eqt tnoqe Surqruros nof, IIat or req lse uJrII tno tr lnJ ol PuEeuee8evte ur

up rsooqror p1qr.rno.{ Sunsererur e.rnl:rd lsv IJOIS

e tUlll3f

691 tulu.rea; aol suoll€puno,oql

) 170rhe besttime to learn

tc>reedrmg The processof learninghow io i"eaei ean be as simpie and painlessas the processof iearningho'# tc speai(-.

In Montessori schools we use a hands-on phonetic approach that helps

presenting letters

young children to form a clear understanding of how written

words

encode the spoken sounds ofour language into the symbolic letters ofthe Presentlefters to your child a

alphabet- Using this technique, children n-rasterthe sounds made by each

few at a time, in rhesegroups:

letter, as well as the letter represented by each sound, one letter at a time

first set

until the entire alphabet has been mastered. With some basic equipment

se€ondset

srip

third ser

bfog

fourth set

hjul

SanAPaPef lettefs l h e . ep r o v j d a e ractila e . r ,er l l ; . v i . u a l wayto help childrento learnthe alphabet. Sandpaper lettersarea setof

kqvxyz

26 tabletsmade ofpainted thin masoniteboard. On each tablet,a lower

fifth set sixth set

you can use the sa1r1eapproach at home.

caseletter hasbeen cut out of fine sandpaperand glued down againsta smooth,colouredbackground.Consonantsareprinted againstpink or red and vowelsagainstblue backgroundsto help children distinguishbetween them. Sandpaperletters can be bought from a nun-rberof suppliers(see page 188) or you can make your own (seebox on facing page). As soon as your chiid shows interest, typically around age three, introduce her to a few lette$ at a time (seebox left). Show her how to traceeachletter asit would be written, usingthe rniddle and index fingers

'dn aplsJodPdpues ']3lqE.le ouo u/r^oPrenel qJeaanl9 'sJ3]]alradEdpues rnol lno tnf, 9Z ol asn uaql uE) nol l€ql llrua$ € aFur or sro1l61aqr ro qfea lno lnt ol arlu)lJozPJ€ 3sn uaql lno uiaql tuud opd sdD-reqeqdP/salgorls/3Jo 'lJossaluour'r\r/\i lE sJslol lgld€J roj r.qloue PUe,Fd'n^ollagrqdP /soluells/3ro!JossaruoLu',1^,r,i ]e sJe]]elosel .r3/\ol lol al$ P sl

del 'uEl '1"tr 'qnt,, :Punos srql qll,^^ ulSaq aSets lsrg aqt sI sIqI., r ;o no,{ -{rld aqlPut'ue]]P,\\ reqt sp:o,r dn lurql,^aoN punos slr.lunouold 'lel]al eql sr tr 1^oq Pur sdeqs slr Jo IeaJ eql Jo edeqs 3rl1 :suorsselclur 'edtqs str stie.n oqs eql punos ry'lallel tlunsrp oerql Suhrecer s eqs rno ( rll^ul ,,r,\oNno^ Jale tr {es ueqr nl\\ ueJplLlr 1(ol pue JJE.ltot PILI{J ellqd!,.urcrur,, ..2.qn1,f,esnod ue3,qn1,sr s$a,,des,,c,,:e1a1eql 8ur:e:l Jt{l J:n fl.JA\ po.-runouord.,ur...t:.ll.lJql pue ..qn)j..P:.>unouord'..:..LelllL '8ni u^\oP lts p IIpLUs uo '.t:tte1 rededpues oru qtr,'r, pJ1l: rno,( JptsJq ',,qn1,, punos eqt stueseldel 'aldrrlexe loJ '.,1,, Jellel sIlJ'.,ltf,,, \e qJn\'P.ro,^,\JLrJuOqdlJrrrl JJJqI e ul sluJ\JldJl lJllJl eql rPql punos eLlt,(esrlrltsuouop no( :y s8urqt Ploq or seln (11eru.rou:qsPuEqJLllJo

aroql) allsqol lno tllo{ Peolui\oP uEl nol qllq/r'\'o8rrlallnb aPet! sJollsl aqr qrl/r\selu PelEdaJo€,\€ll aM raoPoPu€sauu Luol, sJallal JnoI lno tnr ot Paeuno,('lxaN 'z {'x ,/v. a't's r.b 'd 'u 't! 'l 1 'l'q '3 'J'p'r'q - clueuosuol oqr ror slolqs] 'eqt ,o1 p", .ro 1u1dpu" - n pu" o'l'3'r - sF ,\o^eql lo, slansl aqr ro] tuled enlq asn srelqetaqt ,o qf,€alu!!d 1u!edFLU?ual€rds rlxol-uou e 3ulsn'tolqs] raPl,|^e paeu/Gur,,n,, s€ qtns 'srsrlol aulos 'eplar(u19)u.D51lq qSrq(ur8)uJoZ s1alqel9zarEdoJdol PreoqPrra Ip.rnls Jo pr€oq alluoseuiulql asn

sJa]lalrodEdPu€s

3l"ut o1 /v\oq

'sJa8uu.req q]rMsre+al aql ele.r]o1^^oqPlqr radedpues Jnol ,\oqs slaDol 3u!uJsa-l

aqt l!l 3u!p"al o1 peor Sutrt.rl,r

three-st:lgelesson (sce pages 166-7).At this poini. introducc the seconcl Jetter,rrsirg the slr[e plocess.Continue on to the second strge of the 'rumm'?" 'kuh'? (len lf yorrr chi1,-1 lesson-"Canvou sholv me \ou shorv me 'kr,rh'. "TIris nrekcs a rnistrkc, rcprcscr)t d)c first stagc lqlin. is This is 'mrlm'." Then tlv lhe second stalgealaxin."Clnn voLr sho\\r |1c lrrnnr'? Clrt you shou'ne'krrh'?" Nor'v go to the tlird lessclrr. Lrv out thc tablcts 't" lbl the lcttcls "c", "l" ilncl Lret-oleyour chiid .urclshe rvill pronounce e r c h i n t u r n . " k u h " , " r l h " , " t u h " : " c . r t ' . S h c h l s . j u s tr c . r dh e r 6 r s t r v o r d l Gr'aclrtlllf introchce more lettels, per-hrps two more eech u.eek or so, Llrltll r/oru chilci has rnastcrccl thc clrtirc'alphabcr. RenembeI

to fbllorv

,vour child. Iishc bccomcs bolc'd, cnd the lcsson volrr go.1 is to instill a love oflellning

and rcal i tclcst i[ rc:rding arrclcornposing words, not to

prcduce aD earlv reaclerat any cost. Mrlr)'p.lrclrts fiDd it cnrious lhat ir Moltessori schools children are not tauqht the names of the letters,but the sounds rhat wc pronouncc as \\-c pholicticall,v sounrl out wor_dsoDe letter at x tinre. Fol a long tinre. they llay lrot klorv thc nlmes of l c - r ' . . r r . r l l .b r r r r r r l l . . r l l l ' - r r b r r l . . . r r r r d r r r e ) . r ' . \ c "brrh", "cuh'', ''lah" rnd so ol1.Tlis eliniD.tes one of the nlost unnecessrry rnd confllsing steps thar rnost chlldren havc to so through in lealning to leacl:"A stands lor apple. The sound ir nrakesls'aah'." Il is uot ulcormnon

to lind lhat _voung r:Lildren r'ho

:lle lerrninq to read thrs wav will be able to corDpose sinrple words Lrsing prcpared llphlbct

lctters severrl weeks or

months bclore thev will be able ro read thcnr comfortabl,v Tl-ris is a by procluct of Montessori's carefully planncd introduction

to languesle. llathcr

than learnilg

uords bv

sight, childreri spell phoretic u'olds out one souncl xt a tinlc, l\'hich is elsiel th:ln the plocess of''clecodiDg" plinrcd rvords inro their componcnt soLrnds.

Letters in sand Once lour_.h d :ri5 ,:Llerson paoer.she ::l _frltarlr-aae i

Ti

roT--r.:t':.i':.

tracing letters in fing sand a nicec'xre.sion of the sanclpaper-letters is ro invite vour child ro trace the lcltcls that she is lcarr-tir-tgir't tine slnd, in a trav that is cleep enoueh to nrininrize eccidentai

)jpqr LllrMsrs}}al3u ]r,^^ estpe.rd o1 Lp qr\ uo p.r?oq) eql e Plrqr rnol e rD >l|€qr ql!,$ 8ulllr^A

esodruoJ uer pl.ql rno

uaJplrql roJ 3Pe!u slellel lu.u8e!u

ro Jrlseld

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no,('.rJlrel rodedpurs Jql q]r^\ \punos ttJtlr puP srJ.t.lJl[tlJ\J( JzIu€o)eJ

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eql lnc

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;nod lsy lalseq e ur slrefqo aqt el"ld teru € uo sleuel l3d€dputs eelql ro o,&\1etrrld 'rotlrrt t Pue :{ln]l E 'ureJ] dol e esn lq8nu no,(.r1,,lsllrl aql :o3 'eldrutxa ro{ 'rerel aruEs Jllt qll,'r ur33q saucu asorl,t ulefqo lerus e,rg :aqlr8 ot peau par no('(eyd oa p:o.rl trut ur punos lsJU eqt 3zlu3ol3l or ruaqr Surdpq se [e.rr sE'8ulu]eal ere ,{3ql sreral eql Jo sPunos aql Jo

d:etseus.uo:ppqrselo3urorrureSsrql SJellal

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pue prEoq lltqr

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rno,{ dlsq iaql

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pln{rrno or spaou do1:rap

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'3unr:.trpueq otut uogrsuert Prltuo^a req sdlaq pue lettel :qr Surllrrog 3o ssero:d eql3o d:our:ru relncsmu:Jq seJJoJurelsrql Pues aW ur tr rfeit ot req 1se ':oded uo relel rededputs c Surcul :agy slpds

611 3u;pear ot pPoJSutlu^ aql

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tsarqSrls eqt s,{\oqs pllql

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Lear:Dingto corrnt bv rote is the easiestacrivity ro build iDto lotrr dail,vlife. You cm count rvith ,vorrl child il rrirny situations: rvhen cooking togcther, count how rr-ranvspoon slcps fiorr

ls vou need to add; rvhen our \1.alking, count

one to 10, theD statt ag.rilr. A sirl1ple game involr,es gently

rossing:i beln b:Lg brck lncl fbrrh benveen vou and -rour child, courrrrrg e\-erv tiDle its throrv[. Cortinue

x high as vour child knorm. then keep

going yourselfonce vour child is no longel certaill.

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coulrtins sepxrate objects is mole ditlicult at tirst. While -voung cl-iildren cln lelLli to "counl" by rote. reciting the sequenccof numbers fiom one to lfl. nlost cannot easily €lraspthe dillerence bett'een one quanti6'and :rnorher rvhen lookinq:lt

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thlee ol ti)ul objects. lt's altt-rostas if

tl'o. tluee..- nurll" rhev rre thirking: " C)r're. C)ne rvav to :[-oid this is bv allorvins children to visualize the concepts of nnmber-s and qr-rantin by using a series ofseqr-nentcd rods, rather thall n-riug to tcach thcnl to count scts of sepalatc objects. In Montessor-i

One, two, three Count ng is a

clessrooms.we Lrsea set ofrods th:rt vilr_yin length bv 10cn (-lin).The

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making numberrods To makeyour ortn set of nLlmber rods,usewooden lathe or striP board,approximatelythe same as manyrulers(5cm/2in dimensions v/ide by about lcm/,/'in high).You needto cut or havesomeonecut l0 lengths:locm (4in)long,20cm (Bin),locm(l2in),throtiShl00cm (40in).Spraypaint the entire set of strips red and allow them to dry Then,0singmask,ngtaPe, carefullymark off the parts that shouldbe paintedblue.For "one" rod is all red. example,the The"two" rod is red for the first locm (4in),then bluefor the next locm (4in).The"three" rod i5 red for the first 4in (l0cm),bluefor th€ next 4in (locm), then red aSainfor the last4in (locm).Thiscreatesan alte.nativelengthof red, blue,red

Steps to numbersTo introducenumberrods,showyourchid how to arrange togetrer Counteachcolouredsegment to smallest them into a star from largest

secrions.Continuethrgughto the '' 10" rod.whichshouldbe l00cm (40in) in length,paintedred, blue, red to form l0 alternatingsections.

shortestrod is 10cm (4in) long and is painted red.The secondis 20cn'l (8in) long, and is divided into rwo 10cm ('lin) segments,one red and one blue. This continues through all 10 rods.You can buy the Montessorl number rods (seepage 188) or nake your own (seepanel). One ofthe insightsclildren begin to get from working with the rods is the nature of addition and the concept that two numbers can add to each other. For example,when the children place the "one" number rod at the end ofthe "two" rod, they createa new rod that is the samelength asthe "three" rodjust above.Theyexplore sirnilarrelationshipswith a1iof the numbersfrom one to 10.

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Your home is an idealolacefor scientificexoeriments that helpyour childdiscoverhow the world works. There are so many science actiwities you can do with your child that I could fill an entire book with them. Many ofthe actiwitiesI have already sensoryawareness suggested in this and earlierchapten arescience-related: exercises,nature walks, working together in the garden and the like. Here arejust a few more ideasto get your young scientiststarted.

magneticor non-magnetic Placea number ofsmall objectsin a basket,naking suie that someofthem are made ofGrrous material (iron) and can be picked up with a magnet. Pteparetwo cards,one reading"Magnetic" and the other "Non-magnetic" . Ask your child to usea smallmagnet to seewhich objectsit will pick up and which it will not, then placethe objectsalongsidethe correct card.

ilvrngor non-ilvrng Magical magnetism lnvestigating

Fill a basketwith toys and small novelry store objects that represent things

the magneticprcpert es of different

that are aLive(organic) and non-living (inorganic). Prepare cards labelled

objects is a lbvourite scienceactivity.

"Living" and "Non-living".

For the objects representing living things you

rnight choosetoy birds,forcst animals,insects,a tree and people.For the non-living objects,you might chooseobjectssuch asa magnet,a thimble,

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Making sail boats Usewanut shells, rvalk through areaswhere you are certain to encounter these hitchhiking cardboard,toothpic