Hoa 4 - American Colonial Period

ARCHITECTURE DURING THE AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD

CLAVER JASMIN FUNA-AY CIOCON BEA SHANNEL COSTALES YOURWIN DE GUIA WILHELM DEL ROSARIO GABRIEL DURAN CHRISTOPHER JOHN ESTIOUKO GLEZELLE

AMERICAN COLONIZATION (1898 – 1946) • After the Spanish–American War in 1898, the Americans took control of the Philippines until after the World War II. • During this period, the Americans constructed many Neoclassical buildings in Manila.

Manila City Hall

Metropolitan Theater

ARCHITECTURAL STYLES

The Spanish style remained, though mostly for ornamental purposes of the affluent. Filipino architects were largely influenced by Western culture, evident in their use of Neo-Classic, Art Deco, International, and Romantic designs.

• Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century. • Art Deco architecture is an elegant style of decorative art, design and architecture which began as a Modernist reaction against the Art Nouveau style. • Beaux Arts architecture style is a theatrical and heavily ornamented classical style taught during the 19th century.

As the A erica s’ ce tral co cer was bound by education, public health, and free enterprise, it reflected on the new structures that emerged such as government centers, parks, schools, hospitals, hotels, commercial office buildings, department stores, sports facilities, among others

• In 1902 Judge William Howard Taft was appointed to head the Philippine Commission to evaluate the needs of the new territory. • He hired as his architect and city planner Daniel Burnham, who had built Union Station and the post office in Washington, D.C.. In Manila.

Daniel Burnham when he presented his grand plan for Manila in 1905.

BUILDERS OF THE AMERICAN PERIOD •AMERICAN ARCHITECTS / BUILDERS •Who helped constructed hotels and parks. •AMERICAN ARMY ENGINEERS • Constructed the Manila Army and Navy Club at the shore of Manila Bay. •AMERICAN SOLDIERS •Built schools helped in constructing churches and hospitals •FILIPINO ARCHITECTS •Juan Nakpil •Pablo Antonio •Juan M. Arellano

American architects Edgar K. Bourne and William E. Parsons, steered Philippine architecture to the proto-modernist route. Their works were characterized by unembellished facades with large windows

Many of these buildings were heavily damaged during the Battle of Manila in 1945. After the Second World War, many were rebuilt. Many buildings in Manila were later designed by the Filipino architect Juan M. Arellano.

•At T.M. Kalaw Street stands one of the remaining structures that survived the liberation of Manila in 1945, the Luneta Hotel, which was completed in 1918. •According to Dean Joseph Fernandez of the University of Santo Tomas, the hotel was designed by the Spanish architect-engineer Salvador Farre. The structure is the only remaining example of the French Renaissance architecture with Filipino stylized Beaux-Arts architecture in the Philippines to date.

In 1906, the construction of the Asylum for the Insane in San Lazaro instigated the use of reinforced concrete as the standard construction material for all government structures. •Silliman Hall, built in 1902-1903, is the oldest standing American structure in the Philippines. Its architecture is reminiscent of the Stick Style or Victorian type of architecture that characterize American buildings in the 19th century. Some of the materials used to build it were salvaged from an old theater in New York.

•It was in 1924, during the American Colonial period that an idea of constructing a theater in Manila came about. It was approved by the Philippine Legislature to build Senator Alegre’s theater proposal within the Mehan Garden (now Sining Kayumanggi). The construction began in 1930 in a 8,239.58 square meters of the park and was inaugurated on December 10, 1931. •The theater’s roof and walls were partially destroyed during World War II. During the post-war period, it was misused as a boxing arena, low-quality motels, gay bars, basketball court and home of the squatters. Restoration was done by Otilio, the nephew of Juan Arellano in 1978.

Close up of the art deco ornaments of the Metropolitan Theater

The main facade with the glass mural and other decorative elements

Manila Metropolitan Theater Entrance Facade

Arcade

A sculpture at the topmost part

Play of levels of massing

Typical bay

The theater block

Organic ornaments View from the foot of Quezon Bridge.

Side entrances

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY

At the Far Eastern University (FEU) in Quiapo, Manila, five Art Deco structures on the campus were designed by National Artist PABLO ANTONIO. At the Far Eastern University (FEU) in Quiapo, •Nicanor Reyes Hall Manila, five Art Deco structures on the campus •FEU Administration Building were designed by National Artist Pablo Three were built before World War II •Law BuildingAntonio. and two, after. Although FEU buildings were totally damaged during the war, the university •Science Building was restored to its original Art Deco design •FEU East Asia Building immediately after.

Three were built before World War II and two, after. Although FEU buildings were totally damaged during the war, the university was restored to its original Art Deco design immediately after.

•Nicanor Reyes Hall

•FEU Administration Building

•FEU East Asia Building

•Law Building •Science Building

University Church, Central Philippine University, Jaro, Iloilo City

University Church, Central Philippine University •The University Church, Central Philippine University, commonly referred as University Church, UC or CPU Church, is located on the main campus of the Central Philippine University, Jaro District, Iloilo City, Philippines. Officially, the church was founded in 1913. •The present church building was built after an older chapel housed in Rose Memorial Hall was destroyed by fire in 1995. •Notably, the church architecture is resonant of an Indonesian or Malayan style of house built on palm leaves and bamboo and is a famous landmark in Iloilo.

University Church, Central Philippine University

Gable dormer windows and flying buttresses on the side

Covered Canopy of the church

Worship hall viewed from the 3rd floor.

SOURCES: •http://www.slideshare.net/liliemanna/the-americancolonization-in-the-philippines-23108543?next_slideshow=1 •http://triptheislands.com/travel-tips/a-brief-history-ofphilippine-architecture/ •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippin es#American_colonial_period •http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Cen tral_Philippine_University_Church_in_Iloilo_City,_Western_ Visayas.jpg