HMS Daring - Type 45 facts by Royal Navy.pdf

HMS DARING

TYPE 45 - The Anti-Air Warfare Destroyer World-leading littoral air defence

DARING

Type 45 is an Anti-Air Warfare Destroyer designed to protect UK and allied/coalition forces at sea DARING

and in the littoral against the full range of enemy aircraft and anti-ship missiles. In addition she has a wide suite of capabilities including Maritime Force Projection through Naval Fire Support and Littoral Manoeuvre. In peacetime, T45 will undertake a wide range of Defence Tasks around the globe supporting civil authorities in the UK and abroad through Maritime Security Operations whilst maintaining a high readiness to respond with Humanitarian Aid or Non combatant Evacuation Operations.

DAUNTLESS

A Type 45 can... detect, deter, defend, dominate or destroy.

It can also undertake... DIAMOND

DRAGON

DEFENDER

DUNCAN

defence diplomacy and disaster relief operations.

Type 45 Daring Class Destroyers

Weapons

D32

HMS DARING

Principle Anti Air Missile System (PAAMS)

D33

HMS DAUNTLESS

1 x 4.5” Mk 8 Gun

D34

HMS DIAMOND

2 x 30mm Automated Guns

D35

HMS DRAGON

NATO Seagnat Decoy Launchers

D36

HMS DEFENDER

Machine Guns

D37

HMS DUNCAN

Small Calibre Guns

Dimensions

Sensors

Displacement

7500 tonnes

2 x Type 1047 Navigational Radars

Length



152.5 m

1 x Type 1048 Navigational Radar

Beam



21.2 m

1 x Multi Functional Radar (MFR)

Draught



7.4 m

1 x Long Range Radar (LRR)

191

1 x IFF Radar

Complement

Electronic Surveillance System Active/Passive sonar

Communications Fully Integrated Communications System (FICS) SCOT Satellite Communications System

Aircraft 1 x LYNX helicopters fitted with:

Sea Skua Anti-Ship Missiles



Stingray Torpedoes



Machine Guns

or 1 x MERLIN Helicopter

The Type 45 represents a quantam leap in surface warfare design and capability reflecting innovation, foresight and an eye to the future in virtually every aspect. High speed, extended endurance and aggressive capability combine to provide robust, versatile and economic maritime effect.

The most advanced surface warship in the world Here is just a selection of the superlatives applicable to the Type 45: Performance To meet the challenging speed and endurance

the size of a cricket ball approaching at three

requirements, the Type 45 Destroyer

times the speed of sound. When required, the

accommodates two Rolls Royce WR21 Gas

Type 45 can fire multiple missiles at a time

Turbine-driven alternators, two Wartsila Diesel

and guide each one precisely to a different

Generators, two Alstom Electric Propulsion

target. Her hypersonic missiles can reach

Motors and their associated control and

Mach 4-5 (five times the speed of sound) in

distribution systems.

just two seconds.

The ship will accelerate faster and turn inside

Versatility

current ships, with a top speed of well over

Type 45 provides the future air defence

30 knots.

capability for the Royal Navy, offering local

Capability

air defence for maritime task group and area air defence at long range.The ships contains

Type 45 has been engineered to maximise

about 800 compartments – some of which

survivability within any given threat. Clean

are purposely unallocated to simplify the

angular lines contribute to her stealth profile

introduction of equipment developed over her

and deck fitments are concealed behind doors.

projected 30-year service life. The flight deck and aviation facilities are designed to operate

The Type 45’s radar can track multiple

LYNX or MERLIN helicopters. The flight deck

incoming threats simultaneously, prioritise

area is four times that of a Type 42 destroyer

them, assign countermeasures and deploy

– big enough to land a CHINOOK.

them to their targets. It can even track a target

Ingenuity The Type 45 are the first warships to feature Integrated Electric Propulsion, replacing gearboxes with direct shaft drive from electric motors.

Habitability T45 will operate with a crew of 191, each with

Operability for all ranks and dedicated accommodation

The two Rolls-Royce gas turbines create

their own berth in well-appointed cabins. For

and facilities for 60 Royal Marines with their

nearly 45 MW of electrical power – sufficient

the first time on board a destroyer, there are

kit. The Type 45 boasts a near 40 percent

to power a city. She will have a range of over

dedicated recreation spaces

increase in crew space relative to existing warships.

7000 nautical miles at 18 knots, sufficient to cross the Atlantic, carry out missions and return without refuelling or, alternatively, to reach the Falkland Islands with fuel in hand. Careful attention to storing arrangements has ensured that a Type 45 can be provisioned for a 45-day mission in just 12 hours.

The Type 45 Anti-Air Warfare Destroyer is designed primarily to protect UK national and allied/coalition forces against all known airborne threats. Comprehensively equipped to provide self-protection, local and area air defence, her advanced weapon and sensor fit sets the benchmark standard for air defence destroyer capability.

Advanced combat system Combat Management System/ Data Transfer System (CMS/DTS)

Sea Viper

CMS/DTS System enables the Command Team to manage and operate the combat system

The Type 45’s main armament is Sea Viper, a

Sea Viper can counter an individual or

world-beating surface-to-air missile system

saturation attack by engaging the target, or

developed under a tri-national programme by

simultaneously engaging multiple targets

France, Italy and the UK.

from any angle. At the heart of Sea Viper is a Command and Control (C2) System which

and achieve the ship’s operational objectives.

optimises the Type 45’s response to the attack.

The CMS comprises the Command System,

This advanced weapon system will defend

Command Support System, Secondary

the Type 45, her consorts and other task force

Data Display, Tactical Data Link and Video

vessels against highly manoeuvrable hostile

Launched from six eight-cell DCN Sylver

Distribution subsystems. It performs tactical

incoming aircraft and missiles approaching at

A50 vertical launchers controlled by the

picture compilation, threat evaluation, weapon

subsonic and supersonic speed, individually

Sea Viper System, the MBDA shorter-range

assignment and control of Sea Viper and other

or in salvoes. The Type 45 will be alerted to

combat system equipments. The innovative

a potential threat by her electronic warfare

Tactical Data Links capability allows the Type 45

system, long-range radar, or by early warning

to share high quality tactical picture information

from allied units. 3

with other platforms, thus enabling rapid and secure tactical coordination within the force.

7

4

An integrated fast ethernet DTS provides the high-speed digital intercommunication highway between combat system equipments. 1

2

8 6 5

Multi-Function Radar (MFR)

Long Range Radar (LRR)

Aster 15 or long-range Aster 30 super-agile

The distinctive rotating Sampson Multi-

Rotating once every four seconds, the long-

manoeuvring missiles with re-attack mode

Function Radar, mounted on top of the

range radar provides three dimensional volume

are guided towards their targets by the ship’s

foremast high above the waterline, contains a

search capability for Sea Viper and other ship

multi-function radar, even in severe electronic

dual-face active array radar. It performs high-

systems. The LRR is capable of automatic

countermeasures environments. Once

definition three-dimensional air and surface

detection, track initiation and tracking of up to

locked on, the Aster missiles pursue their

search-and-track functions using innovative

1000 targets and of providing this information

targets relentlessly at speeds of Mach 4 to 5,

digital adaptive beamforming. This provides

to the Combat Management System.

overcoming even the most evasive dog-leg

T45 with the information to counter a range of

manoeuvres until the threat is intercepted and

threats, including high-speed sea-skimming

Identification Friend or Foe (IFF)

eliminated.

missiles, by providing Sea Viper with multiple

The interrogator IFF antenna mounted on the

channel fire control.

LRR, assists the ships’ Combat Management System in the long-range identification of friendly platforms and potential threats, using standard civilian and military communications techniques.

9

10

11

12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

LYNX HMA8/MERLIN HM1 Helicopter with Stingray Torpedoes and Sea Skua Missiles Navigation Radar Long-Range Radar with Identification Friend or Foe Interrogator Communications Mast DLH Offboard Decoy System (P & S) 6 30mm Automatic Small Calibre Guns (P & S) 30mm Automatic Small Calibre Guns (P & S) Sampson Multi-Function Radar Electro Optical Gunfire Control System DLF Passive Naval Decoy System (P & S) Sea Viper Sylver Surface to Air Vertical Launch Silos 4.5 Mk8 Mod 1 Naval Gun MFS -7000 Bow Sonar (under keel – not shown)

Advanced combat system Medium Calibre Main Gun A 4.5 in. Mk8 Mod 1 Naval Gun mounting

Electro-Optical Gunfire Control System (EOGCS)

enough to land a twin-rotor CHINOOK to deliver

provides Type 45 with an effective, battle-

EOGCS provides the means to survey the

or embark troops or stores. To reduce the

proven naval fire support/shore bombardment

visual environment local to the Type 45 by

pilot’s workload to a minimum, a technically

capability and a secondary role in support of

day or night. It detects, identifies and tracks

advanced suite of visual landing aids has been

Anti-Surface Warfare operations. It receives

potential surface and air targets and either

incorporated, facilitating safe recovery of the

commands from and issues tellbacks to an

issues commands to engage them, or passes

ship’s helicopter in all weathers and at night. A

Electro-Optical Gunfire Control System.

information to other subsystems, enabling

hangar with maintenance platform accepts the

them to respond.

helicopter with rotors stowed.

The Automatic 30mm Naval Guns, located

Helicopter

Medium Frequency Sonar

port and starboard, feature the Oerlikon KCB

The Type 45 is designed to operate a MERLIN

Medium Frequency Sonar detects and

cannon. These guns receive commands from

HM1 or LYNX HMA 8 helicopter, armed with

identifies underwater threats such as

and issue tellbacks to the Electro-Optical

Stingray anti-submarine torpedoes and Sea

submarines or mines.

Gunfire Control System and are employed to

Skua anti-ship missiles. Her flight deck is large

Small Calibre Guns

destroy close-in threats such as fast attack craft, speedboats and inflatables, or to engage helicopters or unmanned aerial vehicles at close range.

Fully Integrated Communications System FICS provides a comprehensive solution to

Meteorological and Oceanographic (METOC) System

the Type 45’s operational commmunication

The METOC system workstation collates,

requirements, including HF, VHF and UHF radio,

displays and distributes environmental data to

A Radar Electronic Support Measures (RESM)

underwater telephone, internal telephones,

the Type 45 Combat System. Informed by an

system features new signal processing

internal voice communications, main broadcast,

integrated suite of meteorological and subsea

and emitter identification technology. This

wire-free communications, recreational services,

sensors, satellite data and other information

radar-band detection system provides the

a satellite communications interface, tactical

sources, the system interfaces with the Data

Type 45 with the ability to detect and identify

data links, formal and informal messaging and

Transfer, Navigation and Command Support

potentially hostile air and surface units in

data services.

Systems and Fully Integrated Communications

advance of radar detection, complementing

System.

IFF’s ability to identify friendly units.

The Integrated Bridge System comprises

Electronic Warfare Systems

Incremental Acquisition

navigation radars, an electronic chart, display

The ship’s passive naval off-board decoy

The ship design has included some provision

and information systems, inertial navigation

system, RN Outfit DLF, is a rapid response

for additional combat system capability.

system and the data distribution sub-system.

countermeasures system deploying a radiating

Potential upgrades accommodated by the

expendable inflatable floating seduction

provision of space and/or services include

Integrated Navigation System

Active Decoy Round (ADR) designed to counter active radar homing anti-ship missiles.

decoy, effective against radar-guided anti ship

a larger Main Gun or 16-cell Land Attack

missiles. Sea Gnat RN Outfit DLH delivers

Missile silo, Torpedo Launch Systems, Surface

seduction or distraction decoy rounds such as

Ship Torpedo Defence (SSTD), a Phalanx

infrared flare and chaff. It will also deploy a new

Inner Layer Defence System (ILDS) and a Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC).

Type 45 Joint Capability TG Protection The Carrier Strike Group (CSG) and Amphibious Task Group (ATG) require Air Defence (AD) Force Protection (FP) in any situation where a credible threat of airborne weapons exists (whether air, surface, land or underwater launched), including the asymmetric air threat. T45 will provide dedicated Force AD and FP to High Value Units (HVUs) and Mission Essential Units (MEUs) against pop up/late unmasking threats, long range missiles and during periods where a fighter layer is unavailable. It will therefore enable maritime force projection to be delivered in increased threat areas and is

a critical enabler of Carrier Strike (CS) and

of a given mission can operate under the full

Littoral Manoeuvre.

range of tactical control within an assigned

Joint Battlespace Management

Battlespace Management Area (BMA) for all or part of their mission. Tanker and ISTAR support working in Direct Support (DS) could exploit

As joint operations and Network Enabled

the protection offered by the Sea Viper Isoleth,

Capability (NEC) enable the transition towards

which can act as a ‘safe haven’ for High Value

a single integrated battlespace, the T45 will

Airborne Assets.

be a key contributor towards provision of positive, dynamic and procedural control of

Command Hosting

the battlespace within the maritime/air/land

T45 provides the planning space, IT facilities

littoral seam. T45, with wide area organic

and communications to host a 1* Maritime

situational awareness through MFR/LRR,

Battlestaff, Tailored JFACHQ or SF Component

integrated data exchange via Link 11/16/Co-

Commander. For Small Scale operations

operative Engagement Capability (CEC) and

especially, T45 will be able to host the

NEC C4 functionality associated with Joint

Maritime Component Commander (MCC) or

Command and Control Support Programme

Commander Task Group (CTG)/Commander

(JC2SP), will be able to provide BM overland

Task Unit (CTU) for the UK Joint Task Force

from the sea (where topography allows).

Commander (JTFC), or host elements of a Joint

Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition

Task Force HQ or scaleable Joint Force Air

and Reconnaissance (ISTAR), Defensive

Component HQ (afloat). In addition, T45 may

Counter Air (DCA) and Close Air Support CAS) assets acting in support

form part of a UK national component (possibly as CTG, CTU, Sector Air Defence Commander

(SADC) or ADC) or host the Composite Warfare

more integrated coverage than the RN has

14 HQ Staff allowing them to plan and execute

Commander (CWC) of a maritime coalition

historically managed to provide with previous

operations by an EMF (potentially Special

force under the command of a Coalition JTFC.

Air Defence platforms.

Forces) and deploy and sustain 60 personnel,

T45 will offer the JTFC the opportunity to

Embarked Military Force (EMF)

and/or organic or FOB helicopter(s).

reduce the military profile and footprint ashore

An EMF increases the range of maritime and

In the post conflict phase of a Joint campaign,

and their equipment ashore, using ship’s boats

while retaining credible firepower and command

joint operations with which the T45 may be

Aviation

in theatre. This offers political choice, especially

tasked. An EMF may support Power Projection

T45’s war fighting capabilities will be enhanced

in the early phases of a conflict.

through Combat Operations against the land

with the inclusion of an embarked flight

and support Joint Operations, the protection of

that is currently scaled to comprise a single

UK Defence

UK entitled citizens, Non Combatant Evacuation

LYNX (Mk3 or Mk8) although the ship is also

Maintaining the integrity of UK airspace

Operations (NEO), humanitarian operations,

configured to embark a MERLIN Mk1 flight.

entails the maintenance of a continuous RAP

disaster relief and defence diplomacy. The T45

In time, the deck will be authorised for a wide

and contingency plans for the interception

will act as a Forward Operating Base (FOB) for

range of other helicopters, including CHINOOK

and possible destruction of renegade and

and potentially Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV).

hostile aircraft. Connectivity and surveillance

Deck lighting is NVG-compatible as are LED

capabilities of T45 will enable greater,

Pilot Information Lights – light panels around the hangar screen and flight deck to assist the pilot’s approach to the deck. The hangar can accommodate 1 MERLIN or 2 LYNX and there are several stores for items such as sonobuoys.

Type 45 Joint Capability ANTI SURFACE WARFARE(ASuW)/ANTI SUBMARINE WARFARE (ASW)

NON COMBATANT EVACUATION OPERATIONS (NEO)

HUMANITARIAN AID

T45 may be involved either alone or as part of

humanitarian assistance and disaster relief

T45 is not a specialist ASuW/ASW platform.

a joint force in the protection and evacuation

operations for periods of up to 72 hours without

Nonetheless, in common with other Destroyers

of UK Citizens and other civilians from trouble

external assistance or support. T45 will be

and Frigates, it is able to co-ordinate anti

spots when airfields and commercial ports

able to provide first aid humanitarian relief to

T45 may be required to contribute to

surface attacks by other units and contribute to

are not available. Being self-sustaining, T45

a community over a short period pending the

these attacks using its own helicopter, either

will be able to contribute to these operations

arrival of major relief efforts, including the

as a targeting or missile-firing unit (LYNX).

with little or no in-country or host nation

provision of hot food, potable water, medical

A comprehensive tactical picture composed

support and will be able to respond rapidly to

assistance (triage) and basic repair and essential services. T45 should be able to land over 70%

of own sensor information and data received

any deterioration of the situation. T45 will be

from Tactical Data Links (TDLs) can be readily

able to embark a large number of evacuees

compiled and T45 will be able to neutralise

for short periods, providing them basic

small surface contacts, including Fast Inshore

accommodation, sustenance and

of the Ship’s Company alongside or 50% at anchor (dependant on prevailing conditions) for disaster

Attack Craft, using Close Range Weapon

medical services. Even without taking

relief or humanitarian

Systems. Provision has been made in the

additional emergency measures, T45

operations without

design for surface-surface guided weapons

design provides for accommodation

(SSGW) in the future. T45 has an underwater

margin of 45, taking into account

warfare self defence capability to detect, track

an EMF of 30 persons. T45 has

and classify submarines and to detect mines

the administrative and IT support

and torpedoes. This is achieved via Medium

to act as an Evacuation Handling

Frequency Sonar (2091), Surface Ship Torpedo

Centre and is able to overload at

Defence (2170) and helicopters for passive/

least 700 evacuees for up to 48 hours

active sonar and hardkill ASW weapons.

and at least 200 for over 48 hours.

compromise to ship’s safety.

MEDICAL T45 provides a Role 1 Medical Treatment Facility (MTF) which provides primary health care, specialised first aid, triage, resuscitation and stabilisation. Included within the basic Role 1 capabilities are: basic occupational and preventative medical advice to the

produce, collate and forward full operational

or civilian agencies and conduct compliant and

incident records in support of any subsequent

non-compliant boardings following appropriate

action is an essential factor in conducting these

training. T45 is able to detain small numbers of

operations. T45 will be able to stop and search

suspects for short periods pending delivery to

a wide-range of vessels in support of military

an appropriate law enforcement agency.

NAVAL FIRE SUPPORT (NFS)

chain of command, routine sick call and the management of minor sick and injured personnel for immediate return to duty, as well as casualty collection from the point of wounding and preparation of casualties for evacuation to a higher level MTF. Enhancement with a Surgical Team would allow basic Role 2 capability to be provided.

MARITIME SECURITY OPERATIONS (MSO) T45 will be required to operate with other military units to interdict shipping, enforce embargoes and support civil authorities in UK waters and overseas, in support of UK interests.

T45 will contribute to NFS using Indirect or Direct gunfire from the 4.5” Mk8

These operations involve surveillance,

Mod 1 Naval gun. It can operate within range of hostile shore-based Surface

co-ordination between units and the ability

to Surface missile batteries with Sea Viper providing automatic cover via

to board vessels if necessary. The ability to

Reflex Action while simultaneously inserting troops by air or sea.

The Type 45 is the first front-line warship in the world to be powered by an Integrated Electric Propulsion (IEP) System comprising gas turbines and dieseldriven generators, high-voltage switchgear, harmonic filters, transformers, electronic power converters and advanced induction propulsion motors.

Revolutionary integrated electric propulsion The Power System is effectively a sea-going

They meet

power station and enough generating capacity

military shock

is installed to power a city. The electric power

standards but

is used to drive two groups of consumers:

also achieve a

those dedicated to propelling the ship through

very high power

the water and the second group that comprises

density when compared

the ships’ weapon and sensor systems and the

with equivalent commercial

service systems that provide ventilation, fuel,

designs. Switchgear distributes

and 115V AC to the ships’ weapon and service

cooling water and domestic needs.

the power to the consumers, either at 4160V

systems.

AC to the VDM25000 propulsion converters, or via transformers at 440V

Power system diagram

The electronic power converters provide variable

(IEP) technologies that deliver high efficiency

The Diesel Generators provide electrical

frequency supplies to the 100-tonne reversible

across the engines’ operating range.

power for ship’s services when in harbour. A Platform Management System accessible

propulsion motors. These are directly coupled to the propeller shafts, obviating the need for

A single gas turbine can power both propulsion

from 80 shipwide plug-in points facilitates

traditional gearboxes or controllable pitch

and hotel loads. This reduces whole life

remote machinery control and surveillance and

propeller systems. Harmonic filters remove

costs, as the single gas turbine mode can be

damage control and surveillance.

unwanted distortion in the electrical supplies. The Rolls Royce WR-21 is the first large

employed for a considerable part of the ships’ operating lives. It also means that either gas

The IEP system offers significant benefits to

turbine can drive either or both propellers.

the Royal Navy, including improved efficiency,

marine gas turbine to incorporate compressor

simplicity of operation for the crew and

intercooling and exhaust heat recuperation

reduced maintenance and hence cost over the life of the ship.

The Type 45 Destroyer is a futuristic-looking surface warship purpose-designed to meet the needs of the Royal Navy today, tomorrow and for the next 30 years.

A platform for the future

ventilation and space for future enhancement.

Theatre Ballistic Missile Defence (TBMD)

Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM)

This reflects the need for great versatility to

Whilst the T45 and Sea Viper are not

Specific space and growth margins exist within

meet the diverse range of roles that the ship

contracted to provide a TMD capability, there

hull design to fit a modular 16 cell TLAM

may be called on to perform. The following

is some evidence that the SAMPSON radar in

Vertical Launch Silo (VLS) providing T45 with

capabilities could be fitted if required by UK

specific modes could be enhanced to provide

a cost effective long range strike capability

Defence:

greater detection and/or warning of ballistic

upgrade if required by UK defence.

T45 has been constructed with power,

Co-operative Engagement Capability (CEC)

threats.

Utilising composite level plot data derived

Communication Electronic Support Measures (CESM)

from each participating sensor within the

SHAMAN will be the maritime CESM

force, it is a force multiplier and provides

system fitted to the Type 45 destroyers and

significantly increased accuracy in Situational

Type 23 frigates from 2013. SHAMAN is

Awareness, weapon effort planning, Combat

designed primarily to provide Fleet Indicators

ID, platform survivability and Joint Air Defence.

and Warnings (I&W) as to any potential adversary’s intent.

Fireshadow Loitering Munition (LM)

Naval Fire Support (NFS) Enhancement

LMs are launched into the air and provide a

T45 design includes provision for upgrade to

persistent loitering capability whilst targets

a 6”/155mm gun. This would have the triple

are tracked/identified. On operator command,

advantages of increased range, firepower and

LMs can be authorised to engage and execute

commonality with UK land artillery systems

a terminal dive. The Fireshadow design is

and projectiles.

compatible with the space envelope of T45s Sylver VLS.

Type 45 with Type 42 overlayed in red

Type 45 ...World-leading littoral air defence

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