HistorySpplementary

HISTORY 1 2 3 4 5 6

East India Company was established on 31st December 1600 as per the Royal Chater Issued by the queen Elizabeth I. 1639 Francis Dey established the city of Madras and constructed the Fort St.George. Fort William - Calcutta Job Charnock named it Fort William after the king William III. 1757 Battle of Plassey 1764 Battle of Buxar Robert Clive First Governer Genaral of Fort William under the company rule. Governer General of Fort William 1600

Warren Hastings [ 1772 – 1785 ]

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1772 Dual System 1773 1780-1784

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1784

Calcutta – Become the capital of Bengal. Abolished the Dual System introduced by Robert Clive. Regulating Act of 1773. Second Mysore War – Between HyderAli and British. Treaty of Mangalore – Accordingly, all conquests were mutually restored and the prisoners on both sides were liberated. Pitts India Act (Board of Cotrol related).

Lord Cornwallis [ 1786 – 1793 ]

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1790-1792

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Cornwallis

Third Mysore War – Between Tipu Sultan and British. Treaty of Srirangapatinam – Accordingly, Tipu had to give up half of his dominion. Permanent Revenue Settlement

Lord Wellesley [ 1798 – 1805 ]

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Subsidiary Alliance System

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1799

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1802

1. The Nizam of Hyderabad was the first to accept the subsidiary alliance system. He handed over the territories of Cuddappah, Bellary, Anantapur and Carnool 2. After the death of Tippu Sultan, his kingdom was handed over to Krishna Raja Wadiar who accepted the scheme 3. The Nawab of Oudh accepted this scheme and surrendered Rohilkhant and Southern districts of Doab region. 4. Peshwa Baji Rao II and many Rajput rulers also entered into this alliance. Fourth Mysore War – Tippu Sultan and British Tippu was shot dead in the war. Treaty of Bassein – British and Peshwa Baji rao II Governer General of India

Lord William Bentick [ 1828 – 1835 ]

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Governer General of India T.B.Maculay 1829

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Reforms

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English Language

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1835

Lord William Bentick was the first Governer General of India. First Law Member for the Governer general – in Council. Bentick passed a law in 1829. It declared the practice of Sati as a criminal and illegal offence. The law said that anyone who forced a woman to perform Sati would be given capital punishment. (Raja ram Mohan Roy and Devadranath Tagore Supported it.) Abolition of Human Sacrifice and Female Infanticide. Supression of Thugs.(New Department Under Major Sleeman.). Mahalwari System was introduced. Made English as the medium of School Education. Lord Macaulay, the Governor-General’s Law member, was responsible for it. Government resolution made English the official and literary language of India.

Lord Dalhousie [ 1848 – 1856 ]

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Policy

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Railways

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Telegraphs

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Postal Reform

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Education

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Father

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1857

“Doctrine of Lapse” – [After the mutiny of 1857 this law was withdrawn]. Conquest. Consolidate. Development. The Doctrine was considered as a violation of Hindu Law which permitted adoption. 1853 – Bombay to Thane. 1854 – Calcutta to Raniganj Coal Fields. 1856 – Madras to Arakonam. The telegraph system was also introduced. From 1853 to 1856, nearly 4000 miles (6400 k.m.) of telegraphic lines Connecting, Calcutta with Peshawar, Bombay and Madras was installed. The military value of this was realized during the revolt of 1857. Introduced half an anna per post card was charged throughout India. 1854 – Despatch of Charles Wood - Outlines comprehensive scheme of education at primary, secondary and collegiate levels. The Department of Public Instruction (DPI) was opened in each province. 1857 - Universities started at Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. Dalhousie introduced the grants-in-aid scheme to help the private institutions. He was the father of Indian Railways and Telegraphs. He introduced the process of modernization of India. “Maker of Modern India.” First war of Indian Independence The Great Revolt of 1857

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After the 1857 revolt, the responsibility of ruling India was directly assumed by the British Crown. Lord Canning became the first Viceroy of India in 1858. The Government of India Act of 1858 and the queen proclamation in the same year signify this change in the Indian Administration.

Lord Lytton [ 1876 -1880 ]

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1878

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1878

Vernacular Press Act. This Act empowered a Magistrate to secure an undertaking from the editor, Publisher and printer of a vernacular newspaper that nothing be published against the English Government. Arms Act. This Act prevented the Indians to keep arms without appropriate license.

Lord Rippon – “The Good” [ 1880 – 1884 ]

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1881 1881

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1882 1882

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1883

Rippon repealed the Vernacular Press Act. Factory Act. To improve the service condition of the factory workers in India. He was called as the Father of Local Self Government. Hunter Commission – Education Commission. The commission recommended for the expansion and improvement of the elementary education of masses. Ilbert Bill. According to it Indian magistrates were to be given the right to try the British accused. It made the Indian judges equal in power to the European judges.

Lord Curzon [ 1899 – 1905 ]

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Reforms

Famine Commission and allocated a large sum of money for relief work.

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1905

Agricultural Research Institute was started at Pusa in Bengal. Imperial Cadet Corps was founded to train young men for military service. Partition of Bengal. Indian National Movement

Early Political Associations: 1851– The British Indian Association – Bengal 1852 – The Bombay Association – 1852 Dadabhai Naoroji 1852 – Madras Native Association 1870 – Poona Sarvojanik Sabha 1884 – Madras Mahajana Sabha 41 1885 Indian National Congress – Allan Octavian Hume.( A retired civil servant in the British Government). First Session: Bombay. First President: W. C. Banerjee. 42

1892

G. Subramniya Aiyar. Founder: Madras Mahajana Sabha. “The Hindu” “Swadesamitran”

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1905 Extremists

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Swadeshi Movement

Bala Gangadhara Tilak “Lokmanya”. Weeklies: Mahratta Kesari. “Swaraj is my birth right and I will have it” Imp rol: Swa Mov. Aurobindo Ghosh Imp role: Swadeshi Movement

Indian Councils Act. Dadabhai Naoroji “Grand Old Man of India” 1st Indian member of British House of commons.

Gopala Krishna Gokhale Political guru of Mahatma Gandhi Founder: “Servants of India Society”

Partition of Bengal. – Lord Curzon. Their main aim was to attain Swaraj or complete independence and not self government. All India Political Movement. Lala Lajpat Rai “Lion of Punjab” Injuries – Procession against Simon Commission. Imp role – Swadeshi

Bipin Chandra Pal Imp role – Swadeshi movement.

Movemnt. Nawab salimulla khan of Dacca. 1906 – Started All India Muslim League

V.O.Chidambar am pillai. 1906 – Started swadeshi steam company. 1908 – Led the coral mill strike.

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1907

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1916

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1916

Surat Spilit – Extremists came out of the congress led by Tilak and Others. Lucknow Pact: - Congress Session. 1. Divided Congress become united. 2. Understanding for joint action against British was reached between the congress and the Muslim league. Home Rule Movement Mrs. Annie Besant started it at Madras. B.G. Tilak at Poona. Aim: To get Self Government for India within the British Empire.

Mahatma Gandhi [ 1917 – 1947 ]

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Principles 1919

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1919

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1919

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1920 – 1922

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1921

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1922

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1923

Non Violence and Satyagraha. Rowlatt Act: Any Person can be arrested on the basis of Suspicion. Jallianwala Bagh: General Dyer: Dyer marched in and without any warning opened fire on the crowd. Khilafat Movement: Chief Cause: The defeat of Turkey in the first world war. Muslims believe that the Caliph(Sultan of Turkey) was the religious head of the Muslims. Non Co-operation Movement: As a sequel to the Rowlatt Act, Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre, and Khilafat movement. Approved in the Nagpur session of Congress. Mass demonstrations were held against the Prince of Wales during his tour of India. Chauri Chaura Incident: Angry mob set fire to Police Station at Chauri Chaura and twenty two police men were burnt to death. Swaraj Party:

Motilal Nehru

C. R. Das

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1927

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1929

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1930 - 1934 1930 Round Table Conferences

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1932 1932

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1935 1939 – 1945 1940 1940

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1942

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1942 - 1944

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1942

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1946

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Interim Government

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1947

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1947 30th January 1948

Simon Commission: All its seven members were English Men. No indian member in it. Almost all political parties including the congress decided to oppose the commission. Lahore Sesssion of Congress: Presided by Jawaharlal Nehru. Passed the Poorna Swaraj resolution. Civil Disobidience movement: Dandi March: 1930 – London - Congress boycotted it. 1931 – London – Mahatma Gandhi attended the conference. 1932 – London – Congress boycotted it. Gandhi – Irwin Pact. Ramsay Macdonald – Communal Award: According to this award, the depressed classes were considered as a separate electorates for them. Gandhi protested against the communal award and went on a fast unto death in the yervadi jail on 1932. An agreement was reached between Dr. Ambedkar and Gandhi. This agreement came to be called as Poona Pact. The Government of India Act. Second world war The Muslim league demanded the creation of Pakistan. August offer: After the war a representative body of Indians would be setup to frame the new constitution. Cripps Mission: Gandhiji called Cripps proposals as “Post dated Cheque” of a failing bank. Quit India Movement: Gandhiji gave his call “Do or Die”. Indian National Army: Gave the rousing war cry “Delhi Chalo”. Slogan : “Jai Hind” President of Indian Independence League. Cabinet Mission:

After WWII Atlee became the Prime Minister in England. Both Congress and Muslim League accepted the Plan. An interim government was formed under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru on 1946. Mountbatten Plan: The partition of India and creation of Pakistan appeared inevitable for him. Congress and Muslim League ultimately agreed to the plan. Indian Independence Act: Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated by Nathuram Godse.