Biyani's Think Tank Concept based notes
jktLFkku dk bfrgkl ¼izkjEHk ls 1956 bZLoh rd½ BA
Mrs. Malti Vashishtha Deptt. of Education Biyani Girls B.Ed. College, Jaipur
Published by :
Think Tanks Biyani Group of Colleges
Concept & Copyright :
Biyani Shikshan Samiti Sector-3, Vidhyadhar Nagar, Jaipur-302 023 (Rajasthan) Ph : 0141-2338371, 2338591-95 Fax : 0141-2338007 E-mail :
[email protected] Website :www.gurukpo.com; www.biyanicolleges.org
First Edition : 2011
While every effort is taken to avoid errors or omissions in this Publication, any mistake or omission that may have crept in is not intentional. It may be taken note of that neither the publisher nor the author will be responsible for any damage or loss of any kind arising to anyone in any manner on account of such errors and omissions.
Leaser Type Setted by : Biyani College Printing Department
Preface
I
am glad to present this book, especially designed to serve the needs of the
students. The book has been written keeping in mind the general weakness in understanding the fundamental concepts of the topics. The book is self-explanatory and adopts the “Teach Yourself” style. It is based on question-answer pattern. The language of book is quite easy and understandable based on scientific approach. Any further improvement in the contents of the book by making corrections, omission and inclusion is keen to be achieved based on suggestions from the readers for which the author shall be obliged. I acknowledge special thanks to Mr. Rajeev Biyani, Chairman & Dr. Sanjay Biyani, Director (Acad.) Biyani Group of Colleges, who are the backbones and main concept provider and also have been constant source of motivation throughout this Endeavour. They played an active role in coordinating the various stages of this Endeavour and spearheaded the publishing work. I look forward to receiving valuable suggestions from professors of various educational institutions, other faculty members and students for improvement of the quality of the book. The reader may feel free to send in their comments and suggestions to the under mentioned address. Author
Contents S.No.
Name of Chapter
1
jktLFkku dh HkkSxksfyd fo’ks"krk,a ,oa bfrgkl ds fuekZ.k esa mldh Hkwfedk
2
jktLFkku ds bfrgkl ds eq[; Lkzksr
4
jktLFkku esa iwoZ ik"kk.k ,oa e/; ik"kk.kdkyhu laLd`fr;kWa rkezik"kkf.kd ,oa rkez;qxhu laLd`fr;ksa dh fo’ks"krk,a ,oa foLrkj ¼vkgM+] ckykFky] x.ks’oj½ dkyhcaaxk laLd`fr dh fo’ks"krk,¡] ykSg;qxhu laLd`fr;k eRL; tuin ,oa dchykbZ tkfr;ka
5
jktiwrksa dh mRifŸk
6
xqfgy] xqtZj izfrgkj ,oa pkgekuksa ¼pkSgkuks½a dk vH;qn; vkSj foLrkj
3
7
egkjk.kk dqEHkk ,oa lkaxk ds v/khu esokM+ ,oa LorU=rk ds fy, egkjk.kk izrki dk la?k"kZ
8
jktLFkku esa ejkBk vkØe.k vkSj mlds ifj.kke
9
jktLFkku ij fczfV’k vkf/kiR; vkSj mlds ifj.kke
10
fczfV’k vkf/kiR; dky esa iz’kklfud] U;kf;d] lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd ifjorZu
11
ued o vQhe O;kikj ij fczfV’k ,dkf/kdkj
12
jktLFkku esa 1857 bZ0 dk foIyo
13
jktLFkku esa d`"kd ,oa tutkfr vkUnksyu
14
jktLFkku esa jk"Vªh;rk dk mn~Hko] iztke.Myksa dh LFkkiuk vkSj Lok/khurk vkUnksyu
15
jkTkLFkkuh jkT;ksa dk ,dhdj.k
16
eqxy jktiwr lg;ksx
17
jktLFkku esa dyk vkSj LFkkiR;
18
jktLFkku esa lkeUrh O;oLFkk
19
'kCnkoyh
v/;k;&1 Geographical features of Rajasthan and their role in the formation of History jktLFkku dh HkkSxksfyd fo’ks"krk,a ,oa bfrgkl ds fuekZ.k esa mldh Hkwfedk oLrqfu"B iz’u& 1.
izkphu dky ls e/; ;qx rd jktLFkku dks uke ls iqdkjk tkrk FkkA ¼v½ tkaxyns’k
2.
¼c½ e:LFky
¼l½ jktLFkku
4.
¼l½
¼v½ 'kkld
¼c½
¼c½ tkaxy?kj ckn’kkg
¼l½ ckn’kkg ¼n½ egkjktkf/kjkt
mn;iqj dk izkphu uke Fkk& ckaxM+
¼c½ ekjokM+
¼l½
fdao
¼c½ nks
¼l½ ikap
¼l½ ¼l½
jktLFkku dh lcls cM+h unh gS& ¼n½ [kkjh unh
¼c½
jktLFkku esa izk;% vdky jgrk gS& ¼v½ t;iqj esa ¼c½ mn;iqj esa
8.
esn
¼n½ lkr
¼v½ cukl unh ¼c½ pEcy unh ¼l½ ywuh unh 7.
¼n½
jktLFkku dks HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr ds vuqlkj fdrus Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gS& ¼v½ rhu
6.
¼c½ dfojkt ';keynkl
¼l½ duZy tsEl VkWM ¼n½ MkW- n’kjFk 'kekZ chdkusj ds 'kkld Lo;a dks dgrs Fks&
¼v½ 5.
¼v½
fdl izfl) bfrgkldkj us] jktLFkku dks loZizFke ^jk;Fku* uke fn;k Fkk \ ¼v½ xkSjh’kadj ghjkpUn vks>k
3.
¼n½ eRL; jkT;
¼l½ tSlyesj esa ¼n½
vtesj esa
¼l½
izkphudky esa orZeku lkaHkj dks dgk tkrk Fkk& ¼v½ bUnzizLFk
¼c½ esyokV
¼l½ izkXokV
¼n½ 'kkdEHkjh ¼n½
9.
tSlyesj dk izkphu uke Fkk& ¼v½ ekM
¼c½ dkWaVy
¼l½ ewk ¼c½ MkW- n’kjFk 'kekZ ¼l½ txnh’k xgyksr ¼n½ MkW- xksihukFk 'kekZ ¼c½ jktiwrksa dh mRifŸk ds vfXuoa’kh; fl)kUr dk izfriknu ftl xzUFk easa fd;k x;k gS& ¼v½ ohj fouksn ¼c½ xhr xksfoUn ¼l½ i`Fohjkt jklks ¼n½ lqtZu pfj= ¼l½
y?kqŸkjkRed iz’u& Which period is known as 'Rajput period'?
iz&9
fdl dky dks ^jktiwr ;qx* ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
mŸkj
lkroh ls ckjgoha 'krkCnh ds dky dks ^jktiwr ;qx* ds uke ls iqdkjk tkrk gSA Give two argument which mention the origin of Rajput from fire pit
iz&10 jktiwrksa dks vfXudq.M ls mRiUu gqvk crkus okys dksbZ nks rdZ nhft,& mŸkj
izFke pUnjcjnkbZ us viuh izfl) iqLrd ^^i`Fohjkt jklks* esa jktiwrksa dh mRifŸk vfXudq.M ls crkbZ gSA f}rh; rdZ ds :Ik esa ;s ekuk x;k gS] vkcw ioZr ij fuokl djus okys fo’okfe=] xkSre ,oa vxLR; _f"k /kkfeZd vuq"Bku dj jgs Fks& nSR; mlesa gM~Mh] ekal Mkydj gou dks vifo= dj nsrs FksA nSR;ksa dk vUr djus ds fy, _f"k;ksa us vfXudq.M ls rhu ;ks)k iSnk fd, tc ;s Hkh j{kk djus ds fy, vlQy gks x;s rks pkSFkk ;ks)k eqfu of’k"B us mRiUu fd;k] ftls pkSgku dgk x;kA Write an argument answer to prove that Rajputs were the off sponge of Vedic kshatriya
iz&11 jktiwr oSfnd {kf=;ksa dh lUrku Fks] bl er dh iqf"V esa rdZ nhft,A .
mŸkj
jktiwr oSfnd {kf=;ksa dh lUrku FksA bl er dh iqf"V esa fuEufyf[kr rdZ gSa& jktiwr oSfnd {kf=;ksa dh Hkkafr vL=&'kL= dh iwtk djrs FksA lqMkSy 'kkjhfjd xBu] yEch ukd] Å¡ph dn dkBh ls Hkh fl) gksrk gS fd jktiwr oSfnd {kf=;ksa dh lUrku FksA What are the theories of Rajput's origin?
iz&12 jktiwrksa dh mRifŸk ds fofHkUu er dkSu&dkSuls gSa\ fyf[k;s& mŸkj
12345-
oSfnd {kf=;ksa dh lUrku vfXu dq.M ls mRiUu czkã.kksa ls mRifŸk lw;Z o pUnz oa’kh fonsf’k;ksa dh lUrku
mijksDr er jktiwrksa dh mRifŸk ds lEcU/k esa fHkUu&fHkUu jk; j[krs gSaA Who are scholars who support the theory of the foreign origin of Rajput ?
iz&13 jktiwrksa dh fons’kh mRifŸk dk leFkZu fdu&fdu fo}kuksa us fd;k gS\ mŸkj
MkW- oh-,- fLeFk] fofy;e Øqd] duZy VkWM rFkk MkW- Hk.Mkjdj us jktiwrksa dh mRifŸk fonsf’k;ksa ls crkbZ gSA
Name the book of 'Chahman's that hold Rajputs are 'Suryavanshi'
iz&14 pkgekuksa dk dkSulk xzUFk mUgsa ^lw;Zoa’kh* ekurk gS\ mŸkj
^gehj* egkdkO; esa pkgekuksa dks lw;Zoa’kh ekuk x;k gSA
fucU/kkRed iz’u& Who were Rajputs? Write a critical note about their origin.
iz&15 jktiwr dkSu Fks\ mudh mRifŸk ds lEcU/k esa vkykspukRed foospuk dhft,A mŸkj
jktiwrksa dh mRifŸk ls lEcfU/kr fofHkUu fl)kUr izpfyr gaSA fonsf’k;ksa ls mRifŸk dk fl)kUr& jktLFkku bfrgkl ds ys[kd duZy VkWM dk er gS fd jktiwr fons’kh Fks] mudk ekuuk Fkk fd Hkkjrh; jktiwrksa o 'kd] flfFk;uksa esa cgqr lekurk fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA MkW- fLeFk us pUnsyoa’kh; jktiwrksa dh mRifŸk xkSM+ tkfr ls] xqtZj&izfrgkjksa dh gw.k tkfr ls] bfrgkldkj gkuZyh us xqtZjksa dk lEcU/k rqdksZ ls tksM+k gSA ysfdu bu lHkh ekU;rkvksa esa T;knk lPpkbZ fn[kkbZ ugha nsrh D;ksafd dsoy jhfrfjoktksa ds vk/kkj ij jktiwrksa dks fons’kh ugha dgk tk ldrk gS] D;ksfa d Hkkjr dh fHkUu&fHkUu tkfr;ksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu jhfrfjokt izpfyr gSa] vr% ;s rdZ U;k;laxr ugha gSA vfXudq.M ls mRifŸk dk fl)kUr& vkcw ioZr ij eqfu of’k"B o vU; eqfu;ksa us dqN le; ds fy, 'kj.k yh] os ogk¡ gou djrs Fks] jk{kl ml gou dq.M esa 'kjkc&ekal] gfM~M;k Mkydj fo?u iSnk djrs FksA blfy, eqfu;ksa dh izkFkZuk ij nsorkvksa us ijekj] izfrgkj] pkyqD;ksa dks iSnk fd;k& muls Hkh fLFkfr u lq/kjus dh fLFkfr esa vfXudq.M ls pkgekuksa dks mRiUu fd;k x;k tks l’kL= gh iSnk gq, vkSj ohj Hkh FksA MkW- bZ’ojh izlkn o lh-oh- oS| us ^i`Fohjkt jklks* dh ckrksa dks diksy dfYir crk;k vkSj bu ckrksa dks vkt ds oSKkfud ;qx esa lR; Hkh ugha ekuk tk ldrk gSA vk;ksZ ls mRifŸk dk fl)kUr rFkk jktiwrksa dk pUnzoa’kh; o lw;Zoa’kh; gksuk& izkphu tuJqfr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij Kkr gksrk gSa fd vk;ksZa dh nks izeq[k 'kk[kk,a&pUnzoa’k o lw;Zoa’k& jktiwr bUgha ls mRiUu lUrku gS rFkk Hkkjrh; gSA if.Mr xkSjh’kadj ghjkpUn vks>k us jktiwrksa ds fons’kh fl)kUr dks fuEu rdksZa ds vk/kkj ij udkj fn;k gSA jktiwr o 'kd flfFk;uksa ds jhfrfjokt leku ugha Fks] Hkkjr esa lw;Z iwtk] v’oes?k ;K o vL=&’kL=ksa dh iwtk dh ijEijk vR;f/kd izkphu dky ls pyh vk jgh gSA 'kd gw.k tkfr;ksa ls iwoZ Hkh iq";fe= }kjk v’oes?k ;K fd;k tk pqdk FkkA MkW- vks>k tSls bfrgkldkj us Hkh jktiwrksa dk fons’kh gksus dk er udkj fn;k gSA czkã.kksa ls mRifŸk dk vfHker& MkW- Hk.Mkjdj us jktiwrksa dh mRifŸk czkã.kksa ls crkbZ gSA ckn esa vusd fo}kuksa us Hkh jktiwrksa dh mRifŸk czkã.kksa ls crk nhA tSls& eaMksj ¼tks/kiqj½ ds izfrgkj czkã.k oa’k ds FksA buds iwoZt czkã.k gfj’kpUnz rFkk mudh iRuh eknjk dh lUrku FksA vkcw ds ^izfrgkj* of’k"B _f"k dh lUrku FksA dgha&dgha jktiwr vius iqjksfgr dk xks= viuk ysrs FksA
fiaxy lw= esa Hkh jktiwrksa dks czkã.kksa dh lUrku crk;k x;k gSA vk/kqfud bfrgkldkj MkWxksihukFk 'kekZ us Hkh esokM+ ds xqfgyksrksa dks ukxj tkfr ds czkã.k xqgns Ÿk dk oa’kt crk;k gSA esokM+ ds egkjk.kk dqEHkk us Hkh t;nso ds ^xhr xksfoUn* dh Vhdk esa Lohdkj fd;k gS fd xqfgyksr] ukxj czkã.k xqgsnŸk dh lUrku gSaA MkW- n’kjFk 'kekZ bl er dks Lohdkj ugha djrs gaSA fu"d"kZ& ;g fufoZokn gS fd jktiwrksas ds dqN izpfyr jhfrfjokt o 'kkjhfjd cukoV fonsf’k;ksa ls feyrs gS ysfdu ;s lk{; jktiwrksa dks fons’kh Lohdkj djus ds fy, i;kZIr ugha gSA fons’kh tkfr dh lUrkus oSfnd lH;rk o laLd`fr dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, dHkh Hkh bruh ohjrk ugha fn[kk ldrh FkhA dkuwuxksa us Bhd fy[kk gS ^^vfXu dq.M dh dgkor bl izxfr’khy ;qx esa ugha ekuh tk ldrh] lw;Z o pUnz ls mRifŸk dkYifud lR; gks ldrh gSA jktiwr pkgs fdlh Hkh :i esa tUesa gks] ysfdu ;s lR; gS fd bfrgkl esa mUgksaus ^egkdkO; dky ds* {kf=;ksa dh ijEijk dks cuk;s j[kkA vf/kdka’k fo}ku jktiwrksa dks Hkkjrh; vk;ksZa ds oa’kt ds :i esa Lohdkj djrs gSaA ftlesa jDrfl)kUr Hkh lfEefyr gS] tks Hkh fons’kh tkfr;k¡ Hkkjr esa vkbZ vkSj LFkkbZ :i ls ;gk¡ ij fuokl djus yxh] mUgksaus Hkkjrh; lH;rk o laLd`fr dks viuk fy;k rFkk fgUnw lekt us mUgsa vkRelkr dj fy;kA
v/;k;&6 The rise and extension of Guhils, Gurjar, Pratihar and chamans (Chouhans)
xqfgy] xqtZj izfrgkj ,oa pkgekuksa ¼pkSgkuks½a dk vH;qn; vkSj foLrkj oLrqfu"B iz’u& 1izfrgkj oa’k dk laLFkkid FkkA ¼v½ egsUnziky ¼c½ gfj’pUnz ¼l½ fefgj Hkkst ¼n½ ukxHkV~V f}rh; 2izfrgkj oa’k dh jkt/kkuh Fkh A ¼v½ tks/kiqj ¼c½ esM+rk ¼l½ e.Mksj ¼n½ tkykSj 3xqtZj izfrgkj oa’k dh LFkkiuk gqbZ & ¼v½ xqtjkr ¼c½ d’ehj ¼l½ mTtSu ¼n½ jktLFkku 4xqtZj izfrgkj oa’k dk lcls izrkih 'kkld Fkk & ¼v½ egsUnziky ¼c½ fefgj Hkkst ¼l½ ukxHkV~V f}rh; ¼n½ jkepUnz 5xqtZj izfrgkj oa’k dk laLFkkid Fkk & ¼v½ egsUnziky ¼c½ ukxHkV~V izFke ¼l½ oRljkt ¼n½ fefgj Hkkst 6xqfgy oa’k dk laLFkkid Fkk & ¼v½ {ks= flag ¼c½ yk[kk ¼l½ f’kykfnR; ¼n½ cIikjkoy
(c)
(l)
(v)
(c)
(c)
(n)
7-
8-
9-
10-
11-
12-
13-
uS.klh jh [;kr eas xqfgyksa dh fdruh 'kk[kk,a crk;h xbZ gaS \ & ¼v½ 24 'kk[kk,a ¼c½ 27 'kk[kk,a ¼l½ 28 'kk[kk,a ¼n½ 29 'kk[kk,a tS= flag vkSj ukfl:Ìhu ds la?k"kZ dh tkudkjh ftl f’kykys[k ls feyrh gSA ¼v½ fot; LrEHk f’kykys[k ¼c½ vkcw f’kykys[k ¼l½ dqEHkyxk ;s ck:n o rksisa lSfudksa dks dqpyus ds fy, gSA vr% blls muesa fonzkgs dh Hkkouk tkxzr gks xbZA m/kj cSjdiqj o cqjgkuiqj dh ?kVuk us mUgsa izsfjr fd;k tks ØkfUr dk dkj.k cuhA How did 1857 mutiny take place in Jodhpur?
iz’u 14
tks/kiqj esa 1857 dh ØkfUr dk lw=ikr dSls gqvk\
mŸkj &
r[r flag us lkeUrksa ls ^js[k^] ^pkdjh^] gqDeukesa dh jkf’k] utjkuk T;knk ls T;knk ekaxuk 'kq: dj fn;kA lkeUrksa us nsus ls bUdkj fd;k rks r[r flag us lkeUrksa dh mis{kk dj xqtjkr ds yksxksa dks Åaps &Åaps in ns fn,A vr% lkeUr ukjkt FksA mlh le; tks/kiqj yhtu dh lSfud VqdM+h tks vkcw xbZ Fkh us fonzkgs dj fn;kA ukjkt lkeUr o vkÅok ds Bkdqj dq’kky flag dks fonzksfg;ksa dk lg;ksx feyk D;ksa fd os lHkh r[rflag o vaxzstksa ls ukjkt Fks] blfy, os Hkh fonzksg esa 'kkfey gks x;sA What was the chief cause of mutiny in Kota(1857) ?
iz’u 15
dksVk esa 1857 dh ØkfUr dk izeq[k dkj.k D;k jgk \
mŸkj
dksVk ds estj cVZu us dksVk egkjko dks muds v/khu t;n;ky] jruyky o ft;kyky dks mÌ.Mh djkj nsrs gq, mUgsa lkSius ds fy, dgk] egkjko ds ,slk u djus ij cVZu us Åij ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dks fy[kk fd yxrk gS egkjko Hkh ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ls feyk gqvk gSA blls lSfud Øksf/kr gks x;s vkSj mUgksus estj cVZu ls cnyk ysus dk fu’p; dj ØkfUr vkjEHk dj nhA
fucU/kkRed iz’u & Mention the role of Thakur Kushal singh in the mutiny of 1857.
iz’u 16 mŸkj
1857 dh ØkfUr esa vkmok ds Bkdqj dq’kky flag dh Hkwfedk crkb;sA ulhjkckn esa gq, foIyo dh lwpuk feyrs gh tks/kiqj lsuk dh tks VqdM+h vH;kl ds fy, tks/kiqj ls vkcw xbZ gqbZ Fkh ml lSfud VqdM+h us fonzkgs dk >.Mk [kM+k dj fn;k mUgsa ogk¡ fo’ks"k lQyrk ugha feyh A ;gk¡ ls tks/kiqj dh ;s lSfud VqdM+h ,fjuiqjk igqWph tgk¡ tks/kiqj ds lHkh lSfud fonzkfg;ksa ls fey x;s A vkSj os ,fjuiqjk ywVdj ikyh dh vkSj c
