History of Philippine Architecture

DE LEON, FRIALYN ERMENGARDE S. AR1132

History of Philippine Architecture Assignment: Definition of Terms 1. Historic Restoration 

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an endeavour that seeks to preserve, conserve and protect buildings, objects, landscapes or other artifacts of historical significance. It tends to refer specifically to the preservation of the built environment, and not to preservation of, for example, primeval forests or wilderness. In architecture, it is the process through which the material, historical, and design integrity of humanity's built heritage are prolonged through carefully planned interventions. The individual engaged in this pursuit is known as an architectural conservator. Decisions of when and how to engage in an intervention are critical to the ultimate conservation of the immovable object. Ultimately, the decision is value based: a combination of artistic, contextual, and informational values is normally considered. In some cases, a decision to not intervene may be the most appropriate choice.

2. Restoration 

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Restoration is defined as the act or process of accurately depicting the form, features, and character of a property as it appeared at a particular period of time by means of the removal of features from other periods in its history and reconstruction of missing features from the restoration period. The limited and sensitive upgrading of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems and other code-required work to make properties functional is appropriate within a restoration project. includes preservation, leaving as much material untouched as possible, reconstruction to replace missing elements, and repair work to bring the building to a historically accurate condition in one particular time period. This may include removing some historic building elements (after documenting them) to make the building historically accurate for a specific date in history. focuses on the retention of materials from the most significant time in a property's history, while permitting the removal of materials from other periods. Its aim is to preserve and reveal the aesthetic and historic value of the monument and is based on respect for original material and authentic documents. It must stop at the point where conjecture begins, and in this case moreover any extra work which is indispensable must be distinct from the architectural composition and must bear a contemporary stamp. The restoration in any case must be preceded and followed by an archaeological and historical study of the monument.

3. Reconstruction 

the act or process of depicting, by means of new construction, the form, features, and detailing of a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object for the purpose of replicating its appearance at a specific period of time and in its historic location

DE LEON, FRIALYN ERMENGARDE S. AR1132 

establishes limited opportunities to re-create a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object in all new materials.

4. Venice Charter 

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The Venice Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites is a code of professional standards that gives an international framework for the preservation and restoration of ancient buildings. The Venice Charter is an important modem milestone for the conservation movement, which was adopted by the newly formed International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) in 1965 and published by it in 1966. ICOMOS is an international, non-governmental organisation which promotes the study of the theory, methodology and technology of conservation as applied to monuments, historic areas and sites. The Venice Charter stresses the importance of setting, respect for original fabric, precise documentation of intervention, the importance of contributions from all periods to the building and the maintenance of historic buildings for a socially useful purpose. The Charter outlines the basic tenets of what is now accepted to be an appropriate approach to dealing in philosophical terms with historic buildings.

5. Nara Document on Authenticity 

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This is the first international, heritage preservation document to give major attention to "the social and cultural values of all societies," to recognize that "Conservation of cultural heritage in all its forms and historical periods is rooted in the values attributed to the heritage", and to argue that "the protection and enhancement of cultural and heritage diversity in our world should be actively promoted as an essential aspect of human development". a document that addresses the need for a broader understanding of cultural diversity and cultural heritage in relation to conservation in order to evaluate the value and authenticity of cultural property more objectively. It was drafted by 45 representatives from 28 countries after their deliberation on the definition and assessment of authenticity during the Nara Conference held in Nara in November 1994. It is a powerful, provocative document that should be read and discussed by all concerned with the preservation of the world's cultural heritage.