History of English Literature

‫المملكت العربيت السعوديت‬ ‫جامعت االمام محمد به سعود اإلسالميت‬ ‫كليت اللغاث والترجمت‬

‫‪Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic‬‬ ‫‪University‬‬ ‫‪College of Languages and translation‬‬

‫المادة‬

‫تاريخ االدب االوجليزي‬

‫المستوى‬

‫خامس‬

‫الطالبت‬

‫حىان القروي‬

‫‪- Done By: Hanan @desnoni_1‬‬

 Authors:  William Shakespeare: William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-On-Avon. He is an English poet and playwright. He went to London where he worked in a theater. He was an actor and dramatist by 1592. He is often called England's national poet ant the Bard of Avon. His extant works consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poem and a few other verses. His play translated into other languages. He wrote both comedy and tragedy. Hamlet, Macbeth and Julius Caesar, these are a few example of his tragedies. The Taming of The Shrew and The Twelfth Night are among his famous comedies.  John Milton: He was born in London and educated at Christ's college, Cambridge. After leaving the university, he studies at home in Horton Buckling Hampshire. He was grateful to his father for allowing him to study at home instead of preparing for profession. He lived a pure life, he was known as the Lady of Christ. It is convenient to consider his works in three divisions. At first, he wrote his shorter poems at Horton. Next he wrote mainly prose. His three great poems belong to the last group. Milton is a great stylish. He is famous for his great style, which is the result of his lifelong. Milton always was admiring for his sublimity of thought and majesty of experience. One of his best works is Paradise Lost. It is a long Epic, written in 12 books. Also, it was written in blank verse.

- Done By: Hanan @desnoni_2

 Geoffrey Chaucer: He was the greatest poet of the Middle English period. He is often called the father of English poetry, because he made the decision to write in English not French. French was the language spoken by those in power at that time. His greatest work was The Canterbury Tales. He was a well educated man who read Latin and studies French and Italian poetry. Chaucer began the tales in 1387 and continued until his death in 1400. No text in his own-hand still exists, but a number of copies survived from the 1500s, more than 80. This shows the tales were popular in England. The other two poem by him are Troylus and Crysede and The Lagend of Good Woman.  Christopher Marlowe: English dramatist, the father of English tragedy and the first practitioner of English dramatic blank verse. Marlowe's career as a dramatist lies between the years 1587 and 1593, and the four great plays to which reference has been made were Tamburlaine the Great, an heroic epic in dramatic form divided into two parts of five acts each (1587, printed in 1590); Dr. Faustus (1588, entered at Stationers' Hall 1601); The Famous Tragedy of the Rich Jew of Malta (dating perhaps from 1589, acted in 1592, printed in 1633); and Edward the Second (printed 1594).

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 Charles Dickens: He is considered the greatest of the novelist. His first novel was Pickwick written in 1836. He wrote 2 historical novels, such as Barriaby Rudge in 1841 and the other on is Tale of Two Cities in 1849. Another novel which is David Copperfield was written in 1849. It is based on his own real life0 some of his novel describes the poor condition of small children such as Oliver Twist in , David Copperfield and Nicholas Nickleby. He described the social life if England in the 19th century. He described many kinds of unpleasant people and places, such as bad schools and headmasters, bad government departments' bad prisoner and dirty houses. The characters of his novels are thieves, murderers, men in debt, stupid and unwashed men and women, hungry children and dishonest people.

 Books :  Beowulf :  Beowulf is an epic poem of over 3,000 verses, whose manuscript dates from about the 10th-century. The poem is the only epic from the time that has been preserved as a whole. Its author is unknown, but he seems to have had a good grasp of the Bible and other great epics. The first part of the story takes place in Denmark. King Hrothgar is being pestered by a water monster, Grendel, who is killing his men. Beowulf comes to his aid and kills Grendel and later, at the bottom of the lake, also Grendel's mother, who comes to avenge her son. The second part happens in southern Sweden about fifty years later. Beowulf himself is a king and has to fight a firebreathing dragon. The Main Characteristics of Beowulf. There are many contrasts, for example, water and fire, youth and old age, life and death…etc. It uses alliteration, kennings, and internal rhyme. Each line has two beats or stressed syllables. The style of

- Done By: Hanan @desnoni_4

poetical descriptions and word pictures with much repetition makes the action move slowly.

 The Canterbury Tales: The Canterbury Tales is one of the best loved works in the history of English literature. Written in Middle English, the story follows a group of pilgrims who are travelling the long journey from London to Canterbury Cathedral. Setting off from a London inn, the innkeeper suggests that during the journey each pilgrim should tell two tales to help pass the time. The best storyteller, he says, will be rewarded with a free supper on his return. Chaucer introduces us to a vivid cast of characters, including a carpenter, a cook, a knight, a monk, a prioress, a haberdasher, a dyer, a clerk, a merchant and a very bawdy miller. These characters come from all corners of 14th century society, and give Chaucer the chance to speak in many different voices. Some of the characters' tales are humorous, rude and naughty, while others are moral and reflective.

 Paradise Lost: It is written by John Milton. It is a long epic in 12 books, written in blank verse. The stories were taken from the Old Testament: the creation; the rebellion in Heaven of Satan and his fellow-angels; their defeat and expulsion from Heaven; the creation of the earth and of Adam and Eve; the fallen angels in hell plotting against God; Satan’s temptation of Eve; and the departure of Adam and Eve from Eden. In this poem, the scene is the whole universe, including Heaven and Hell. Milton's splendid voice can be heard here at its best, in the great blank verse. Paradise Lost contains hundreds of remarkable thoughts put into musical verse, such as ;" The mind is its own place, and in itself _ Can make a heaven of hell, a hell of heaven." All in all, Paradise Lost is the great Protestant epic poem in English. - Done By: Hanan @desnoni_5

 Comparison :  Mystery plays VS Morality plays: Drama of the Middle age is divided into two major categories. First, Mystery plays (Mysteries) or Miracle plays (Miracles). Its main theme was religion. These Miracle plays told religious stories and were performed in or near the churches. The subject of miracle plays are various such as Noah and the great flood, Abraham and Isaac, and so on. Miracle plays deal with the real account of people. Second, Morality plays which aimed to teach people moral lessons. The characters in morality plays were not people. They were either bad qualities (greed, revenge), good qualities like ( honesty) , or abstractions like ( money, youth and so on). Morality plays personified the qualities in characters. Morality plays represent the moral lessons in an effective way by the conflict between the characters. One of the best-known 15th C. Moralities is Everyman. It is a story about the end of Everyman's life. The characters included strength, beauty, knowledge , and good deeds. When Everyman faces Death, all those friends leave him except Good Deeds.

 Old English Vs. Middle English: The Old English language of this whole period (500-1100) is known as Old English. No exact date exists for its beginning. The first written records of the language date from around 690 AD (however, people had spoken it long before then). Most Old English words were Germanic, having come from the languages of the Angles, Jutes and Saxons. Latin, however, also had a strong influence on early English. Later, the Scandinavians (Vikings) contributed many words to Old English. By the end of the Old English period (marked by the Norman Conquest), Old English had been established as a literary language with a remarkable polish and versatility as an example of Old English is Beowulf. While the Middle English language was from about 1100 up to 1500. The greatest poet of that time was Geoffrey Chaucer. He is often called the father of English poetry. The language had changed a great deal in the 700 years since the time of Beowulf. It's much easier to read Chaucer than to read anything written in the old English. - Done By: Hanan @desnoni_6

 Neoclassicism Vs. Romanticism: Neoclassicism was born out of a rejection of the Rocco and late Baroque styles in the middle of the 18th century. These artists wanted a style that could convey serious moral ideas such as justice, honor, and patriotism. The movement was a profoundly educational one, for its devotees believed that the fine arts could and should spread knowledge and enlightenment. Nature is defined in the Neoclassic as human nature. Neoclassic writers gave importance to thought and reason. In neoclassicism, poetry was the artful manipulation of real life happenings into a poetic composition portraying a fictional character. They gave importance to poetic 'eye' where the reader sees the other person through the poet's eye. Human beings, as an integral part of the social organization, were the primary subject of poetry. More importance was given to diction, focusing on vocabulary and grammar. Romanticism began in the same era but its approach had to do with the modern rather than the antique. It was about wildness and expression rather than control. Romantic artists had no fixed laws relating to beauty and properties of subject matter. Instead, Romanticism was a creative outlook, a way of life. Romantic writers gave prominence to emotions and self experience. Poetry reflected personal feelings of the poet as it is spontaneous and not the man in action in the composition. They gave importance to poetic 'I', meaning the reader sees the poet in the protagonist. Nature to a great extent, became a persistent subject of poetry. Less importance was given to diction and more to the language of common man.

- Done By: Hanan @desnoni_7

THE AGE

LITRARY WORKS

Beowulf (poem)

Old English literature

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (prose)

Middle English literature

The Canterbury Tales (poem)

John Milton Time

Homilies (prose) Live of Saints (prose)

Arthur's Death \ Death of Arthur (prose)

Lycidas (short poem) Paradise Lost (epic poem) Paradise Regained (long poem)

Drama

THE WRITER

unknown King Alfred Aelfric Geoffrey Chaucer Thomas Malory

John Milton

The Conquest of Granada (heroic \ tragic)

Restoration Time Prose

Aurengzebe (heroic \ tragic) Marriage-a-la-Mode (comedy) All for Love (comedy) The Way of the World The School for Scandal Essay on Dramatic Poesie The Pilgrim's Progress Essay on the Human Understanding

- Done By: Hanan @desnoni_8

John Dryden

William Congreve Richard Brinsley Sheridan John Dryden John Bunyan John Locke

THE AGE

LITRARY WORKS

Poetry

Prose

THE WRITER

The Shepherd's Calendar The Faerie Queene Epithalamion

Edmund Spenser

Astrophel and Stella

Sir Philip Sidney

Euphues (kind of novel)

John Lyly

Essays

Francis Bacon

Ralph Roister Doister (first comedy)

Nicholas Udall

Gorboduc (first tragedy)

KYD

The Spanish Tragedy

(‫)!!موجود اسم الكاتب بس مو مخطط‬

Dr.Faustus

Elizabethan age

A Comedy of Errors The Taming of the Shrew The Two Gentlemen of Verona Love's Labour's Lost A Midsummer Night's Drram The Merchant of Venice As You Like It Much Ado About Nothing Twelfth Night

Drama Romeo and Juliet

Christopher Marlowe comedies

William Shakespeare tragedies

Hamlet King Lear Macbeth Othello The Tempest

romance

Every Man in his Humour (tragedy !) Sejanus (tragedy) Volpone the Fox (comedy) Epicoene The Silent Women The alchemist Bartholomew Fair

- Done By: Hanan @desnoni_9

Benjamin Jonson