history of architecture.xls

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE PERIOD

ARCHITECTURE

ARCH'L CHARACTER

SYSTEM OF CONSTN

DESCRIPTION

Egyptian Cols are hide

West Asiatic 1. Mesopotamian -babylonian/chaldean pd

Massive, military, non-columnar

Arch & Vault

2. Assyrian Doorways: -semi-circular arch Roof: -flat externally -barrel vault inside No cols No Mouldings Sculpture: -monsters @ doorways 3. Persian Columnar & treabeated

Wooden, monumental, magnificent,commanding, formal, decorative Cols: -stone Walls: -bricks Wall surfacing:

-bricks (polychrome) Roof: -timber (flat) Openings: -square headed Mouldings: - copied from egypt Ornaments: - copied from mesopotamia

Greek 1. Mycenean/Minoan/aegean

2. Greek/Hellenistic Simple & Harmonious

Post & Lintel

Purity of line, perfect proportions, define details, monumental, formal, static, columnar Openings: -windowless -door-square headed Roof: -covered w/ marble

Roman Vassiness & ornamentation Orientation & magnificent

Arctuated & trabeated

Wall surfacing Buttresses Semi-circular openings Vaulted roof Mouldings: profiles of circles Ornaments: scroll of acantus statues, mural painting, mosaic

Wall: brick Floor:chevron

4th-12th century Christian

1834-15th Cent

Byzantine

8th-12th century Romanesque "roman-like-art"

1. Italian Romanesque Central Italy

simplicity horizontality

Arcaded & trabeated

Walls: Recycled from romans Openings: semi-circular headed Roof: Domed, semi-domed barrel vaults on side aisles timber truss on naves Columns: assorted Mouldings: Recycled from roman Ornament: mosaic & fresco

simple exterior, rich interior

trabeated & domical

Walls: bricks diff patters-interior palin cement-exterior Openings: Semicircular, horshoe Roofs: domical Cols: simple w/ dosseret Ornements: peacock, endllessnop, sacred monoblock of rice Ceiling: head & shoulder of christ Pendentives: 4-evangelistic fig Walls: biblical stories-paintings

Sovern & dignified

Arctuated

Walls: corbel arches, pilaters Window: wheel window Doors: Main-projecting porches Roof: Vaulting Columns: coupled Mouldings: Sculptures Ornaments: pre-fresco

Ornamental arcade Façade: divided into 4

12th-16th Cent

Northern Italy

Façade: w/ projecting porch

Southern Italy & Sicily

Strike of colored marble -influence by muslims

North & southern France

Pointed arch no side aisles Flanking towers on both sides

Gernman

western apse, entrance on lateral sides

Gothic "departure from classic arch"

French

Lofty & aspiring quality "style ogivale" Structural Honesty & Economy

Arctuated & painted arches

1. lancet period -pointed arches & geometric traceried wdos 2. Rayonnant period -circular wdos w/ wheel traceries 3. Flambouyant prd. -flame-like of free flowing tracery

Plan: arrange for convenience Walls: Rubble masonry w/ flying butresses Openings: pointed arches Windows: tracery Doorways: jambs Roof: slate or lead coverings ribbed & panel vaulting Cols: om higher pier Mouldings: varied as per country Ornaments: stained glass, figure, sculpture

Dutch

Barge board

Belgian German

"hall church" absence of triforum

Italian England Spanish

influence by french gothic

Rennaissance "rebirth of classic"

dignity & formality mystic

1. Baroque:

-arch're of curve lines

Plan:symmetrical Wall: Ashlar,rustication(exterior), Openings:Semi-circular arches Jambs: recessed Roof: barell vault, dome w/ drum Columns: Classic order Mouldings: adapted to romans Ornaments: fresco (walls & ceiling) Sgraffito

1.twisted cols 2.curve & broken pedi ment italian baroque -seen in the interior French Baroque -rococo 2. Spanish Rennaisance "plateresque"-earlier "churriguerresque" -later

3. English Rennaisance "elizabethan period" 19th century

Revival

1830-1850

1. Britain revival -augustus pug-in -sir joseph paxton -sir william chambers -sir john soanne

greek-roman revival

1830-1848

2. Continental European Revival -vignola -chalgrin -bradenburg gate

new rennaissance

1850-1875

3. Gothic & Rennaissance -sir g.g. scott -sir c. barry

1875-1901

Late Victorian

Eclectic architecture

1848-1870

Second empire

high neo-rennaissance

1870-1914

Third republic -charles garnier

neo-baroque

Queen ann style-norman shaw 20th century

Industrial Revolution Art Noveau

arts & Craft Movement France: Le Modern Style Gremany: Jugenstile Austria: sezzione

Reinforced concrete

Italy: style liberty Spain: Modernismo Art Deco: Metro politan

-Organic & dynamic forms -curving designs -whiplash lights

Modern Architecture

glass & steel

Glass, steel, & R.C. Folded Slab- Eugene Freysinet Flat Slab- Robert Millart Laminated Timber

American Architecture Colonial

Giorgian arch-india

National

Classical Revival Githic Revival

Asian Architecture Muslim stalactite arches India

Opposite of muslim Hinduism-chaitya temples Vihama Gopura

Buddhism-stupa vihara, chaitya, stambha China

Stupa-pagoda

Japanese Thailand

Cambodian Indonesian Myanmar (Burma)

Nepal Tibet

Philippine

Tokyo-braket influence by the chinese

Roof: accdg to mans wealt

STRUCTURES

MATERIALS

ARCHL HIGHLIGHT

1. Tomb -mastaba -pyramid -rock-cut/hewn -temple -sphinx -obelisk

1. Zigurrats 2. Palace

Brick -mud bake -sun dried

1. Zigurrats 2. Palace

Chiseled alabaster Battlemented & slab crestings

1. Palace

Flatform

Flatform

bricks & stones

1. Palace -followed by megaron 2. Tomb 1. Temple 2. Theatre 3. Public Bldgs -agora -stoa -prythaneon -bouleterion -stadium -hippodrome -palaestra -gymnasium 4. Domestic Bldg 5. Tomb

1. forum 2. temple 3. basilica 4. thermae 5. theatre 6. burial places 7. commemorative

Stonework

marble

lacunaria @ ceiling

fountains

monuments 8. palaces 9. roman houses *garden *aqueducts *churches 1. Churches

1. basilica 2. churches

bricks cement

-no icons (prohibited)

1. church w/ monasteries

stone

-bell towers

cathedral

stone

*famous architects France: Villard de Henecourt Italy: Arnolfo De Cambio Germany: Peter parler England: Henry Yevelle Hugh Herland

Brick

st. peter's

oriel & bay window topiary hall

imp. Arch -Sullivan & Wright Int'l Style -philip johnson "Skyscrapper" -america's contr

Mosque - place of prostration

Pagoda 1. wat 2. bot 3. phara chedi 4. mondop 5. kuti angkor wat Burabudur 1. Zedi 2. Kyaung 3. Thein 4. Pitakat-Taic

1. Chorten 2. Sakya

tatami

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Cols.; Entrance gateway: Pylon

Palaces: -wider than mesopotamia Col: slender

temple: towards east Col: entassis Entrance gateway: Propylea

Entrance gateway: Prothyrum Church: Basilican

Temples & basilica: based from greek plan Cemeteria: changed to catacomb

Churches: "greek cross"

Churches: "Latin cross"

retado/reredo -iconostasis intro of rejas

palaces build inside a "cortili"

gopura-gateway

Pailou-gateway Torii-gateway stupa: phara chedi library: mondop monastery: kuti

Stupa: Zedi Monastery: Kyaung Library: Pitakat-taic

Stupa: chorten Monastery: Sakya