History of Architecture Reviewer

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE REVIEWER

1. The beginner of the great hypostyle hall at karnak and the founder of the 19th dynasty. Rameses I 2. The mineral of greatest importance to Greek architecture of which Greece and her domains had ample supply of was. Marble 3. Greek architecture was essentially. Columnar trabeated 4. Forming the imposing entrance to the acropolis and erected by the architect Mnesicles is the. Propylaea 5. The building in the acropolis generally considered as being the most nearly perfect building ever erected is the. Parthenon 6. With the use of concrete made possible by pozzolan, a native natural cement, the Romans achieved huge interiors with the. Arch and vault 7. Which of the order was added by the Romans to the orders used by the Greeks. Composite 8. From the 5th century to the present, the character of Byzantine architecture is the practice of using. Domical roof construction 9. Romanesque architecture in Italy is distinguished from that of the rest of Europe by the use of what material for facing walls. Marble 10. The most famous and perfect preservation of all ancient buildings in Rome. Pantheon 11. The space between the colonnade and the naos wall in Greek temple. Pteroma 12. Amphitheaters are used for ___. Gladiatorial Contests 13. An ancient Greek Portico, a long colonnaded shelter used in public places. Stoa 14. The fortified high area or citadel of an ancient Greek City. Acropolis 15. An upright ornament at the eaves of a tile roof, concealing the foot of a row of convex tiles that cover the joints of the flat tiles. Antefix 16. Strictly, a pedestal at the corners or peak of a roof to support an ornament, more usually, the ornament itself. Acroterion 17. Also called a 'Honeysuckle' ornament. Anthemion 18. In ancient Greece and Rome, a storeroom of any kind, but especially for storing wine. Apotheca 19. The characteristic of Greek ornament. Anthemion 20. The dining hall in a monastery, a convent, or a college. Refectory 21. The architecture of the curved line is known as ___. Baroque 22. The open court in an Italian palazzo. Cortel 23. The ornamental pattern work in stone, filling the upper partof a Gothic window. Tracery 24. "cubicula" or bedroom is from what architecture. Roman 25. How many stained glass are there in the Chartres Cathedral? 176 26. Parts of an entablature, in order of top to bottom.i. Cornice ii. Frieze iii.Architrave a. i, ii, iii 27. Plan shape of a Chinese pagoda. Octagonal 28. Usual number of stories for a Chinese pagoda. 13.. 29. Plan shape of a Japanese pagoda. Square 30. Triangular piece of wall above the entablature. Pediment 31. A spherical triangle forming the transition from the circular plan of a dome to the poly-gonal plan of its supporting structure. Pendentive 32. A long arcaded entrance porch in an early Christian church. Narthex 33. The principal or central part of a church, extending from the narthex to the choir orchancel and usually flanked by aisles. Nave 34. The uppermost step in the crepidoma. Stylobate 35. The lowest step in the crepidoma. Stereobate 36. Pycnostyle intercolumniation has how many diameters? 1.5 Diameters 37. Systyle? 2 Diameters 38. Eustyle? 2.25 Diameters 39. Diastyle? 3 Diameters 40. Areostyle? 4 Diameters 41. Roman building which is a prototype of the hippodrome of the Greek. Circus 42. Roman building for which gladiatorial battles took place. Colosseum

43. What sporting event takes place in the Palaestra? Wrestling 44. A foot race course in the cities. Stadium 45. Architects of the Parthenon. Callicrates and Ictinus 46. The tower atop the torogan where the princess and herladies in waiting hide during occasions. Lamin 47. Found in the ground floor of the bahay na bato, it is where the carriages and floats are kept. Zaguan 48 The emergency hideout found directly behind the headboardof the Sultan's bed. Bilik 49. In the kitchen of the bahay kubo, the table on top of which is the river stone, shoe-shaped stove or kalan is known as Dapogan 50. Japanese tea house Cha-sit-su 51. A Muslim temple, a mosque for public worship, also known as place for Prostration. Masjid 52. Domical mound containing a relic. Stupa 53. Ifugao house (southern strain). Bale 54. The style of the order with massive and tapering columns resting on a base of 3 steps. Doric 55. Earthen burial mounds containing upright and lintel stones forming chambers for consecutive burials for several to a hundred persons. Tumuli 53. A semi-circular or semi-polygonal space, usually in church,terminating in axis and intended to house an altar. Apse 57. Temples in Greece that have a double line of columnssurrounding the naos. Dipteral 58. Senate house for chief dignitaries in Greek architecture Prytaneion 59. Architect of the Einstein Tower. Erich Mendelsohn 60. Founder of the Bauhaus School of Art. Walter Gropius 61. What architectural term is termed to be free from anyhistorical style? Art Noveau 62. The architect of Chrysler building in N.Y. Van Alen 63. Another term for crenel or intervals between merlon of a battlement. Embrasures 64. In the middle kingdom, in Egyptian architecture, who consolidates the administrative system, made a survey of the country, set boundaries to the provinces, and other helpful works. Amenemhat I 65. Who erected the earliest known obelisk at Heliopolis. Senusret I 66. The world's first large-scale monument in stone. Pyramid of Zoser 67. The highest sloped pyramid in Gizeh Pyramid of Khufu 68. Female statues with baskets serving as columns. Canephora 55. A small tower usually corbelled at the corner of the castle. Bartizan 70. A compound bracket or capital in Japanese architecture. Masu-gumi 71. A concave molding approximately quarter round. Cavetto 72. Architect of Iglesia ni Cristo. Carlos Santos Viola 73. A Filipino architect whose philosophy is 'the structure must be well oriented'. Caesar Homer Concio 74. Architect of Robinson's Galleria William Cosculluela 75. King Zoser's architect who was deified in the 26th dynasty. Imhotep 76. "A house is like a flower pot" Richard Josef Neutra 77. Art Noveau is known as the international style, in Germanyit is known as ___. Jugendstijl 78. Architect of TWA airport. Eero Saarinen 79. "Modern architecture need not be western". Kenzo Tange 80. Not among the three pyramids in Gizeh? Khufu 81. A decorative bracket usually taking the form of a cyma reversa strap. Console 82. Finest example of French-Gothic architecture Chartres Cathedral 84. A special feature of Japanese houses, used to display a flower arrangement or art. Tokonama 85 The most famous structure of Byzantine architecture and notable of its large dome. Hagia Sophia 86 An ornamental canopy of stone or marble permanently place over the altar in a church. Baldachino 87 A decorative niche often topped with a canopy and housing a statue. Tabernacle 88 A large apsidal extension of the interior volume of a church. Exedra

89 A recess in a wall to contain a statue or other small items. Niche 90 A term given to the mixture of Christian, Spanish, and Muslim 12th-16th century architecture. Mudejar 91 Architect of the famous Propylaea, Acropolis. Mnesicles 92 A Greek building that contains painted pictures. Pinacotheca 93 A kindred type to the theater. Odeion 94 The most beautiful and best preserved of the Greektheaters. Epidauros 95 A type of Roman wall facing with alternating courses of brickworks. Opus Mixtum 96 A type of Roman wall facing which is made of small stone laid in a loose pattern roughly resembling polygonal work. Opus Incertum 97 A type of Roman wall facing with a net-like effect Opus Recticulatum 98 A type of roman wall facing with rectangular block with orwithout mortar joints. Opus Quadratum 99 Marble mosaic pattern used on ceilings of vaults anddomes. Opus Tesselatum 100 "Form follows function". Louis Sullivan 101 He created the Dymaxion House, "the first machine for living". Buckminster Fuller 102 Architect of the Bi-Nuclear House, the H-Plan. Marcel Lajos Breuer 103 Mexican Architect/Engineer who introduced thin shell construction. Felix Outerino Candela 104 The architect of the Pantheon. Agrippa 105 Architect of the World Trade Center. Minoru Yamasaki 106 He erected the entrance Piazza at St. Peter's Basilica. Bernini 107 Architects of the Hagia Sophia. (St. Sophia,Constantinople) Anthemius and Isidorus 108 Architect of the Lung Center of the Philippines. George Ramos 109 Who began the building of the Great Hypostyle Hall at Karnak? Thothmes I 110 Architect of the Great Serapeum at Alexandria. Ptolemy III 111 The dominating personality who became an ardent disciple of the Italian renaissance style. Iñigo Jones 112 Conceptualized the Corinthian capital. Callimachus 113 Architect of the Temple of Zeus, Agrigentum Theron 114 Architect of the Temples of Zeus, Olympia. Libon 115 Roman architect of the Greek Temples of Zeus, Olympius. Cossutius 116 Architect of the Erechtheion. Mnesicles 117 Master sculptor of the Parthenon. Phidias 118 Architect of Manila Hilton Hotel. Welton Becket 119 "A house is a machine to live in". Le Corbusier 120 Architect of the Chicago Tribune Tower. Eliel Saarinen 121 "Architecture is Organic". Frank Lloyd Wright 122 Invented reinforced concrete in France. Hennevique 123 First elected U.A.P. president. Jose Herrera 124 First president and founder of PAS. Juan Nakpil 125 Architect of the National Library, Philippines. Felipe Mendoza 126 Designer of the Bonifacio Monument. Juan Nakpil 127 Sculptor for the Bonifacio Monument. Guillermo Tolentino 128 Designer of the Taj Mahal. Shah Jahan 129 Expressionist Architect. Erich Mendelsohn 130 Founders of the "Art Noveau". John Ruskin and William Moris

131 Architect of the Batasang Pambansa. Felipe Mendoza 132 Architect of the Philippine Heart Center. Juan Nakpil 133 Architect of the Rizal Memorial Stadium. Juan Nakpil 134 The architect of the Quiapo Church before its restoration. Juan Nakpil 135 Architect of SM Megamall. Antonio Sin Diong 136 Central Bank of the Philippines, Manila. Gabriel Formoso 137 G.S.I.S. Building, Roxas Boulevard. George Ramos 138 Built by the Franciscan priest Fr. Blas dela Madre, this church in Rizal whose design depicts the heavy influence of Spanish Baroque, was declared a national treasure. Morong Church 139 This church, 1st built by the Augustinian Fr. Miguel Murguia, has an unusually large bell which was made from approximately 70 sacks of coins donated by the towns people. Panay Cathedral in Capiz 140 A raised stage reserved for the clergy in early Christian churches. Bema 141 In Greek temples, the equivalent of the crypt is the ___. Naos 142 From the Greek temples, a temple that have porticoes of columns at the front and rear. Amphi-Prostyle 143 Corresponds to the Greek naos. Cella 144 The first plan shape of the St. Peter's Basilica by Bramante. Greek Cross 145 The final plan shape of the St. Peter's Basilica by Carlo Maderna. Latin Cross 146 On either side of the choir, pulpits for the reading of the epistle and the gospel are Ambo 147 In some churches, there is a part which is raised as part ofthe sanctuary which later developed into the transept, this is the___. Bema 148 In early Christian churches, the bishop took the central place at the end of the church called ___. Apse 149 Orientation of the Roman temple is towards the ___. Forum 150 Orientation of the Greek temple is towards the ___. East 151 Orientation of the Etruscan temple is towards the ___. South 152 Orientation of the Medieval Church West 153 The space for the clergy and choir is separated by a lowscreen wall from the body of the church called ___. Cancelli 154 Smallest cathedral in the world. (Byzantine period) Little Metropole Cathedral, Athens 155 One of the few churches of its type to have survived having a square nave and without cross-arms, roofed by a dome which spans to the outer walls of the building. Nea Moni 156 Type of plan of the Byzantine churches. Centralized 157 First school which offered architecture in the Philippines Liceo de Manila 158 The best example of a German Romanesque church with apses at both east and west ends. Worms Cathedra 159 The council house in Greece. Bouleuterion 160 The senate house of the Greeks. Prytaneion 161 The oldest circus in Rome. Circus Maximus 162 The oldest and most important forum in Rome. Forum Romanum 163 The warm room in the Thermae Tepidarium 164 The Hot room of the Thermae Calidarium 165 The dry or sweating room in the Thermae. Sudatorium 166 The dressing room of the Thermae. Apodyteria 167 The room for oils and unguents in the thermae. Unctuaria 168 The colosseum in Rome also known as the "flavian amphitheater" was commenced by whom and completed by whom? Vespasian / Domitian 169 The finest of Greek Tombs, also known as the 'tomb of Agamemnon'. Treasury of Atreus 170 Who commenced the 'hall of hundred columns'? Xerxes 171 The private house of the Romans. Domus 172 The sleeping room of the 'megaron'. Thalamus

173 Roman apartment blocks Insulae 174 Semi-palatial house surrounded by an open site Villa 175 A roman house with a central patio. Atrium House 176 A small private bath found in Roman houses or palaces. Balneum 177 A megalithic structure consisting of several large stones set on end with a large covering slab Menhir 178 Monumental gateway to an Egyptian temple consisting with slanting walls flanking the entrance portal? Pylon 179 A massive funerary structure of stone or brick with a square base and four sloping triangular sides meeting at the apex; used mainly in ancient Egypt. Royal pyramids 180 Principal room of Anatolian House Megaron 181 It consists of the upright column or support including the capital, base, if any, and the horizontal entablature or part supported. Order 182 The steps forming the base of a columned Greek temple Crepidoma 183 The principal chamber in a Greek temple containing the statue of deity. Naos 184 Dry sweating room with apodyteila or dressing room and unctuaria or for oils. Thermae 185 A great awning drawn over roman theatres and amphitheatres to protect spectators against the sun? Velarium 186 Roman apartment block that rose four or more storey high Insula 187 A canopy supported by columns generally placed over an altar or tomb. Baldachino 188 A long arcaded entrance porch to a Christian Basilican Church. Narthex 189 That part of a Greek house or Byzantine Church reserved for women Gymnaceum 190 Truncated wedge-blocks forming an arc Voussoirs 191 A monument erected in memory of one not interned in or under it Cenotaph 192 A rose or wheel window of the Romanesque Church was of ten placed over the West door 193 A period in Gothic Architecture in France characterized by circular windows with wheel tracery Rayonnant 194 Projecting ornament at the intersection of the ribs of ceilings, whether vaulted or flat. Plough 195 A slight convex curvature built into truss or beam to compensate for any anticipated deflection so that it will have no sag when under load. Camber 196 A method of forming stonework with roughened surfaces and recessed joints, principally employed in Renaissance building. Rustication 197 Designer of the Crystal Palace, London Sir Joseph Paxton 198 Architect of the Sagrada Familia, Barcelona Antonio Gaudi 199 Architect of the White House, D.C. James Hoban 200 Second Filipino registered architect after the well-known Tomas Mapua Carlos Baretto 201 A mosque principal place of worship, or use of the bldg. for Friday prayers Masjid 202 Man who leads the congregation at a prayer Muenzzin 203 Architectural style characterized by Friezes and Crestings Islamic 204 Sacred enclosure found at walls of Damascus great mosque Kibla 205 Erected to the memory of his favorite wife Mumtaz Mahal, it was the culminating work in the life of the emperor. Shah-Jehan 206 In Romanesque arch’re a period where an order founded by St. Bruno in 1806 is notably severe and adorned Cluniac 207 General characteristic of the Romanesque empire was sober & dignified 208 Vaulting compartment into six parts known as sixtite 209 A rectangular feature in the shape of a pillar, but projecting only about one sixth of its breath from wall pilaster strips 210 Is a circular tower 16 m ( 52 ft. ) in diameter rising in 8 stories of encircling arcades. campanile 211 Roughly carved of men and beasts used as support columns of projecting porches and of bishops throne. ambrogio 212 A secluded place Altars 213 Secular architecture Castle 214 The first Frankish king who became roman emperor, was crowned in 800 at Rome by the pope, and ruled over the franks, which included central Germany and northern France? Alexander 215 Type of roof in which 4 faces rest diagonally between the gables and converge at the top Helm Roof 216 The most important of the distinctive characteristics of mature Spanish Romanesque architecture?Church bldgs. 217 Is well endowed with medieval military achre and grand castles are particularly numerous in castle Portugal

218 Finest or Romanesque castles in Spain is at ____ Alocabaca, Portugal 219 Sited and designed to secure the routes from coastal ports to Jerusalem Fortress 220 A civil settlement under the protection of a castle. Fortification 221 A projecting wall or parapet allowing floor openings, through w/c molten lead, pitch, stones were dropped only on an enemy below. machicolations 222 A parapet having a series of indentions or embrasures, between which are raised portions known as merlons battlement 223 The upstanding part of an embattled parapet, between two crenels/ embrasure openings. merlons 224 A squared timber used in bldg. construction or a low ridge of earth that marks a boundary line bailey 225 A Scandinavian wooden church with vertical planks forming the walls Steve church 226 Architecture was marked by copy roofs which frequently had more storey than the walls, and were provided with dormer windows to make through current of air for their use as a drying ground for the large monthly wash? domestic 227 A projection block or spur of stone carried with foliage to decorate the raking lines formed by angles of spires and canopies. crocket 228 An arch starting from a detached pier and abutting against a wall to take the thrust of the vaulting. buttress 229 A circular or polygonal apse when surrounded by an ambulatory of which are chapels. transept 230 An architectural style which in its period is the English equivalent of the high gothic of northern France first pointed. Tudor 231 Leafed ornament. mouldings 232 Vertical tracery members dividing windows into different numbers of lights. tracery 233 The actual sanctuary of a church beyond the choir and occupied only by the officiating clergy. presbytery 234 Single and most important building in Britain. West minister abbey 235 A room, where food is stored in a manor house. pantry 236 The screen/ ornamental work rising behind the altar. cimborio 237 Term applied to a tower crowned by a spire. finial 238 A ledge or shelf behind an altar for holding vases or candles. retablo 239 Originally the minaret of the mosque. kibla 240 The largest medieval cathedral and is somewhat German in character in north Italy. Florence Cathedral 241 A space entirely or partly under a building in churches generally beneath the chancel and used for burial in early times. crypt 242 A movement which begun in Italy in the 15th century created a break in the continuous revolution of European times. Renaissance 243 In renaissance archre, which is logically staid and serene architectural style? Palladian 244 The phase in western European renaissance archre 1750-1830, when renewed inspiration was sought from ancient Greek and roman architecture antiquarian 245 A term coined to describe the characteristics of the output of Italian renaissance architects of the period 1530-1600. Characterized by unconventional use of classical elements mannerists 246 A method of forming stonework with roughened surfaces and recessed joints, principally employed in renaissance buildings Rustication 247 A light portable receptacle for sacred relics Reliquary 248 Famous architect in Florence renaissance archre. Brunelleschi 249 The principal floor of an Italian palace, raised one floor above ground level and containing the principal social apartments. Piano Noble 250 Known architect in early renaissance. Donato Bramante 251 Vertical members dividing windows into different numbers of lights. Mullion 252 Horizontal divisions or crossbars of windows. transom 253 A twisted band, garland or chaplet, representing flowers, fruits, leaves often used in decoration. wreath 254 An ornament consisting of a spirally wound band, either as a running ornament or as a terminal. scroll 255 A room decorated with plants, sculpture and fountains (often decorated with nymphs) and intended for relaxation. nymphaneum 256 France generally describe rococo as rocaile 257 One of the winged heavenly beings that support the throne of god or act as guardian spirits, or chubby, rosy- faced child with wings. cherubin 258 Central shaft of a circular staircase also applied to the post in which the handrail is framed. newel

259 A type of relief ornament or cresting resembling studded leather straps, arranged in geometrical and sometimes interlaced patterns; much used in the early renaissance archre in England. strapwork 260 Space between the columns. intercolumnation 261 An ornament in classic or renaissance archre consisting of an assembly of straight lines intersecting at right angles of various patterns. Also called key pattern fretwork 262 A stone gallery over the entrance to the choir of a cathedral or church. pulpitum 263 A term originally applied to the art of decorative painting in many colors, extended to the coloring of sculpture to enhance naturalism, also described to the application of variegated materials to achieve brilliant or striking effects? polychromy 264 The selection of elements from diverse styles for architectural decorative designs,particularly during the 2nd half of the 19th century in Europe and USA. expressionism 265 A long dormer on the slope of a roof, it has no sides, the roofing being carried in a nave line. eyebrow 266 The central rounded of a pattern or ornament, an oculus, one at the summit of a dome. skylight 267 A vertical steel support cast iron was used until relatively cheap steel became available. reja 268 The sanctuary of a classical temple, containing the cult statue of the God. Cella 269 Also known as Siam (before 1993) and was named, meaning “land of the free” Burma 270 A stupa in a form of a corn cob. viharas 271 Reflects Burma’s cultural connections with China and India, built over older foundations (16th-17th century) at Rangoon. shwe dagon pagoda 272 Burma’s term for monasteries. pitakat-taik 273 Chinese monumental gateway. pailou 274 Is the most famous for the eye catching tower he constructed in Paris for the exposition universally of 1889 work of Eiffel tower. Alexandre Gustav Eiffel 275 One of the pioneers of the modern movement in American architecture. Work auditorium building, U.S. Louis Henry Sullivan 276 Arch of the famous Twin Tower World Trade Center. Yamasaki and Roth 277 Scottish architect and designer who was prominent in the arts and crafts movement in Great Britain. Charles Mackintosh 278 Received the “Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinanagan “award for the city of manila, who is the architect? Tomas Mapua 279 In 1989 he received the prtzker prize commonly referred to as “The Noble of Architecture” the loftiest recognition. It is a lifetime achievement award granted to living architect whose body of work represents a superlative contribution to the field. Frank Gehry 280 His first designs were drawings of fantastic architectural visions in steel and glass as well as costume and poster design. Erich Mendelsohn 281 Much of his works has been described as postmodern, since he rejected the excessive abstractionism of architects such as Le Corbusier and strove instead to incorporate the valid elements of older style. Kahn, Louis 282 Spanish architects, one of the most creative practitioners of his art in modern times.His style is often described as a blend of neo-gothic and art nouveau, but is also has surrealist and cubist elements. Antonio Gaudi 283 One of the world’s 1st futurist and global thinkers. His 1927 decision to work always and only for all humanity led him to address the largest global problems of poverty, disease and homelessness. Buckminster Fuller 284 In his practice he explores the use of indigenous materials infused with current technological trends to bring a new dimension in designs. Francisco Manosa 285 Afterwards became deeply involved in the design and building of French railways and bridges. He worked on structures such as bridge across the Garonne River, train stations at Toulouse and again in France. Gustave Eiffel 286 He has actively promoted the use of native architectural forms and indigenous nationals such as bamboo and thatch, in the creation of a distinctively Filipino architecture. Francisco Manosa 287 French-born, Brazilian architect and urban planner. This famous axiom “Each one sees whatever he wishes to see” belongs to, Lucio Costa 288 He was the architect in his time that receives his license as award at his 60’s or at the age of 60 yrs. Old. Buckminster Fuller 289 An important Scottish architect who was particularly known for his interiors based on classical decoration. Robert Adam 290 He was called “Masters master” where his students are architects like Gropius, Breuer and Van de Rohe Peter Behrens 291 Architect who leads the development of the ‘Quezon Memorial Circle” in Quezon City. Francisco Manosa 292 Eiffel tower I Paris stands. 984 ft. 293 Starting with holes” belongs to architect Buckminster Fuller 294 A house is a machine to live in” philosophy belongs to? Le Corbusier

295 He paid great attention to the detailing of the structure, which he attributed to his father’s teachings about craftsmanship. Mies van de Rohe 296 One of his stylish choice which are circles and squares were used in his design solutions. Richard Meier 297 His contributions where the advocacy of the idea of planning rooms by volume. Oscar Niemeyer 298 His solutions to building problem were always direct, transmitting to the ground by the shortest path the stresses developed within the structures. Nervi, Pier Luigi 299 Father of modern architectural movement in Brazil. Lucio Costa 300 A city is subjected to growth, delay and rebuilt” Kenzo Tange 301 For Egyptian Architecture design, due to excessive sunshine, there was no need for windows, the massive unbroken walls provided the surface for hierogyphics 302 In Greek Architecture, It is the largest building atopthe Athenian Acropolis, It is a temple dedicated to Athena (The warrior of maiden) It is a Doric building,and made entirely of white pentelic marble andsurrounded by freestanding column. Parthenon 303 In Greek Architecture, The __________ theater designed (c.350 BC) by Polyclitus. It is among thelargest and best preserved ancient theaters in Greece. The circular construction and the pitch of the seats, where held close to 14,000 spectators, permit nearly perfect acoustics. Epidaurus Theater 304 In Roman Architecture, It was built AD 72-82 in Rome Italy, It is the largest Roman Amphitheater, A four storey, elliptical structure that seated about50,000 spectators. The exterior façade was embellished with superimposed Doric, ionic and Corinthian columns. Colosseum 305 In Roman Architecture, It was built AD 112, It was designed by Apollodorous of Damascus for EmperorTrajan, it is often considered the most magnificentand architecturally most pleasing. Trajans forum 306 In Roman Architecture, The Pantheon (AD C118-28),A monument of imperial Rome, revived the use ofbrick and concrete in temple architecture. It issymmetry is enchanced by its hemispherical dome, Who is the architect of this historical monument?(he is the son in law of Augustus.) Agrippa 307 The Washington D.C. monument. The tapering shaft contained in a Greek style temple, the obelisk is the only remnant of the original blueprint that remains. It was designed in the year 1812 by the American Architect, What is the name of this Architect? Robert Mills 308 What is the name of the Cathedral in France that was designed by Jean d’ Orbais. Reims Cathedral 309 In France, It is the official residence of President of France, It was built in 1718 by Claude Mollet for Henry de la Tour d’ Auvergne Elysee Palace 310 In Philippine Architecture, It is considered the homeof the Sultans. Carved on the wooden posts in theniyaga, a stylized mytical snake design can be found.It is the traditional residence of the reigning Sultanof Maranaw people and his family. Torogan House 311 In Philippine Architecture, Being Isolated and windfrequented area. The Batanes Islands, exhibit themost different of all traditional Architecture in thePhil. The house is built solidly on all sides, made of ameter thick rubble work, covered by thick thatchroofing to withstand gales which frequent the area.What is the name of this unique house? Ivatan’s Rakuh 312 The ___________________ is an art deco buildingdesigned by the Filipino Architect Juan M. deGuzman Arellano, and built in 1935. During theliberation of Manila by the Americans in 1945, thetheatre was totally destroyed. After reconstructionby the Americans it gradually fell into disuse in the1960’s. In the following decade it was meticulouslyrestored but again fell into decay. Recently a busstation has been constructed at the back of thetheatre. The City of Manila is planning a renovationof this once magnificent building. Manila Metropolitan Theatre 313 The Golden Empire Tower-( 1322 Roxas Boulevard)is the tallest building along the boulevard and one ofthe highest residential condominium in the world.The one with the golden glass facing Manila Bay andUnited States Embassy compound in Manila. Who isthe Filipino Architect of this famous residentialcondominium? G.F.& Partners 314 For the Creation of Space _______a Chinese Philosopher, said, “The reality of the building does not consist in the roof and walls, but in the space within to be lived in.” Lao Tze 315 The base or platform upon which a column, pedestal, statue, monument, or structure rests. Plinth 316 (Greek Architecture) is a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or apillar supporting an entablature on her head. Caryatid 317 Is an architectural device, typically carved in stone and employed to decoratively emphasize the apex of a gable, orany of various distinctive ornaments at the top, end, or corner of a building or structure. Finial 318 The architect who said that the exterior of the building is the result of the interior. le Corbusier 319 The later male counterpart of the caryatid and the name refers to the legend of Atlas, Telamon 320 Is an architectural term related to ancient Greek buildings, is the platform of, usually, three levels upon which thesuperstructure of the building is erected. The levels typically decrease in size incrementally, forming a series of stepsalong all or some sides of the building. Crepidoma 321 The Filipino Architect Who Designed the 66Meters(217 ft') height Pylons Quezon Memorial Circle. Federico Ilustre 322 Is an ornamental molding or band following the curve of the underside of an arch, It is composed of bands ofornamental moldings (or other architectural elements) surrounding an arched opening, Archivolt

323 is a term used for Ancient Greek Plays in order to describe any of two passageways leading into the orchestra,between theatron and skenê (also known as the parodos). Eisodos 324 A monumental, four-sided stone shaft, usually monolithic and tapering to a pyramidal tip. Obelisk 325 A caulking material made from old hemp rope fibers that have been treated with tar. Aokum 326 A waterspout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved grotesquely(Sculpture). Gargoyle 327 Is a statue, building, or other edifice created to commemorate a person or important event. They are frequently used Monument 328 The Greek council house which is covered meeting place for thedemocratically-elected council is called: Bouleuterion 329 The Grandest Temple of all Egyptian temples, it was not built byupon one complete plan but owes its size, disposition andmagnificence to the work of many Kings. Built from the 12th Dynasty to the Ptolemaic period. Great Temple of Ammon, Karnak 330 The father of modern picture books of Architecture Andrea Palladio 331 The man of learning… can fearlessly look down upon thetroublesome accidents of fortune. But he who thinks himselfentrenched in defense not of learning but of luck, moves one slipperypath, struggling though life unsteadily and insecurely.” Ten books of Architecture by Marcus Vitruvius 332 Tomb of Atreus, a noted example of the tholos type of tomb isalso known as: Tomb of Agamemnon 333 The memorial column built in the form of tall Doric order andmade entirely f marble is; Trajan’s Column 334 It is the eclectic style of domestic architecture of the 1870’s and the 1880’s in England and the USA and actually based on country house and cottage Elizabeth architecture which was characterized by a blending of Tudor Gothic, English Renaissance and colonial elements in the USA: Queen Anne style 335 An English Architect who prepared plan for London i.e., St. Peter‘s and St. Paul Cathedral; Proposed a Network of Avenues connecting the main features of London. Sir Christopher Wren 336 The sacred enclosure fond in the highest part of a Greek city is called:Temenos 337 The architect who claimed that: “The ultimate goal of the new architecture was the composite but inseparable work of an art, in which the old diving line between monumental and decorative elements will have disappeared forever.” Walter Gropius 338 The architect who said that the exterior of the building is theresult of the interior Le Corbusier 339 The building that serve as a senate house for the chief dignitariesof the city and as a palace where distinguished visitors and citizensmight be entertained. Prytaneion 340 It is a traditional house that was called binangiyan. It was a single room dwelling elevated at 1.50 meters from the ground; the floor were made of hard wood like narra which rested on 3 floor joist which in turn were supported by transverse girders. Kankanay 341 It is the third phase of English-Gothic Architecture where elaborated ornamental vaulting, and refinement of stone cutting techniques. Decorated style 342 Enclosure formed by huge stones planted on the ground in circular form. Cromlech 343 A style in the architecture Italy I the second half of the 16thcentury and to a lesser extent elsewhere in Europe. It uses classical elements in an unconventional manner. Mannerism 344 The Greek council house which is covered meeting place for the democratically-elected council is called Bouleuterion 345 The Grandest Temple of all Egyptian temples, it was not built by upon one complete plan but owes its size, disposition and magnificence to the work of many Kings. Built from the 12th Dynasty to the Ptolemaic period Great Temple of Ammon, Karnak 346 A ____________ is a ___________ which extends vertically from lowest portion of the wall which adjoins two living units up to a minimum height of 0.30 meters above the highest portion of the roof and extends horizontally 0.30 meters beyond the outermost edge of the abutting living units? Firewall; Fireblock 347 The father of modern picture books of Architecture Andrea Palladio 348 “The man of learning… can fearlessly look down upon the troublesome accidents of fortune. But he who thinks himself entrenched in defense not of learning but of luck, 10 books of architecture by Vitruvius 349 It was the first law passed by the national assembly in 1921 where the maestros de obra or the master builders are required to register as architects? Engr's & Archt. Law Act 2986 350 Tomb of Atreus, a noted example of the tholos type of tomb is also known as Tomb of Agamemnon 351 The memorial column built in the form of tall Doric order and made entirely if marble is Trajans Column 352 Early type of settlement in America taken after the “baug” (military town) and “fauborg” (citizen’s town) of the medieval ages Medieval Organic City

353 It is the eclectic style of domestic architecture of the 1870’s and the 1880’s in England and the USA and actually based on country house and cottage Elizabeth architecture which was characterized by a blending of Tudor Gothic, English Renaissance and colonial elements in the USA Queen anne Style 354 Le Corbusier planned a high density building that was a “super building” that contained 337 dwellings in only acres of land. What is the structure that supposed to be located in Marseilles? Unite d Habitation 355 An English Architect who prepared plan for London i.e., St. Peter ‘s and St. Paul Cathedral; Proposed a Network of Avenues connecting the main features of London. Sir Christopher Wren 356 The sacred enclosure fond in the highest part of a Greek city is called: Temenos 357 The architect who claimed that: “The ultimate goal of the new architecture was the composite but inseparable work of an art, in which the old diving line between monumental and decorative elements will have disappeared forever.” Walter Gropius 358 The architect who said that the exterior of the building is the result of the interior. Le Corbusier 359 The building that serve as a senate house for the chief dignitaries of the city and as a palace where distinguished visitors and citizens might be entertained prytaneion 360 It is a traditional house that was called binangiyan. It was a single room dwelling elevated at 1.50 meters from the ground; the floor were made of hard wood like narra which rested on 3 floor joist which in turn were supported by transverse girders Kankanay 361 natural rocks in a Greek theater is called Cavaea 362 It is the third phase of English-Gothic Architecture where elaborated ornamental vaulting, and refinement of stonecutting techniques Decorated Style 363 Enclosure formed by huge stones planted on the ground in circular form Chromlech 364 A revival style based on the buildings and publications of the 6th century architect marked by ancient Roman Architectural forms Palladianism 365 ITS MOST OUTSTANDING ACHIEVEMENTS ARE ITS MASSIVE FUNERARY MONUMENTS & TEMPLES BUILT OF STONE FOR PERMANENCE, FEATURING ONLY POST-AND-LINTEL CONSTRUCTION & CORBEL VAULTS W/ OUT ARCHES & VAULTING Egyptian Architecture 366 CHARACTERIZED BY CLEAR PLANS, MASSIVEARTICULATED WALL STRUCTURES, ROUND ARCHES, & POWERFUL VAULTS Romanesque Architecture 367 CHARACTERIZED BY POINTED ARCH, THE GRADUAL REDUCTION OF Gothic Architecture 368 CHARACTERIZED BY RADIATING LINES OF TRACERY Rayonant 369 CHARATERIZED BYFLOWING A FLAME-LIKE TRACERY. Flamboyant 370 CHARACTERIZED BY THE USE OF THE CLASSICAL ORDERS, ROUND Renaissance Architecture 371 MODE OF BLDG FOLLOWING THE STRICT ROMAN FORMS, A SET FORTH IN THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE ITALIAN REN. ARCH’T.ANDREA PALLADIO (1508-1580). STYLE BASED ON A CLOSED STUDY OF ANTIQUITY. Palladianism 372 TRANSITIONAL STYLE IN ARCH’RE & THE ARTS IN THE LATE 16th. CENT, CHARATERIZED IN ARCH’RE BY UNCOVENTIONAL USE OF CLASSICAL ELEMENTS. Mannerism 373 IS CHARACTERIZED BY INTERPRETATION OF OVAL SPACES, CURVED SURFACES, & CONSPICUOUS USE DECORATION, ACULPTURE & COLOR. ITS LAST PHASE IS CALLED “ROCOCO BOLD, OPULENT & IMPRESSIVE TYPE OF ARCH’RE. Baroque 374 THE PHASE IN WESTERN EUROPIAN RENASSAINCE ARCH’RE 1750-1830, WHEN RENED INSPIRATION WAS SOUGHT FROM ANCIENT GREEK & ROMAN ARCH’RE ( NEO CLASSICAL) Antiquarian 375 ( FR. ROCALLE – ROCKWORK) A TERM APPLIED TO TYPE OF RENAISSANCE ORNAMENT IN W/C ROCK-LIKE FORMS, FANTASTIC SCROLLS, & CRIMPED SHELLS ARE WORK UP TOGETHER IN A PRO-FUSION & COMFUSION OF DETAIL OFTEN W/ OUT ORGANIC COHERENCE BUT PRESENTING A LAVISH DISPLAY OF DECORATION. Rococco 376 SIVERSMITH-LIKE”; THE RICHLY DECORATIVE STYLE OF THE SPANISH RENAISSANCE. Plateresque Architecture 377 THE TRANSITIONAL STYLE BETWEEN GOTHIC & RENAISSANCE IN ENGLAND, NAMED AFTER ELIZABETH I; MAINLY COUNTRY HOUSES, CHARATERIZED BY LARGED MILLIONED WINDOWS & STRAPWORK ORNAMENTATION Elizabethan Architecture 378 ENGLISH ARCH’L & DECORATIVE STYLE OF THE EARLY 17th CENT. , ADAPTING THE ELIZABETHAN STYLE TO CONTINENATL RENAISSANCE INLUENCES; NAMED AFTER JAMES I Jacobean Architecture 379 THE PREVAILING STYLE OF THE 18th CENT. IN GREAT BRITAIN & THE NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES, SO NAMED AFTER GEORGE I, II, III, BUT NOT INCLUDE GEORGE IV. DERIVED FROM CLASSICAL, RENAISSANCE, & BAROQUE FORMS. Gregorian Architecture

380 TERM IN A SPECIALIZED SENSE TO DESCRIBE ONE OF THE ATTITUDES OF TASTE TOWARDDS ARCH’RE & LANDSCAPE GARDENING IN THE LATE 18th & EARLY 19th CENT. BLDG’S & LANDSCAPE WERE TO HAVE THE CONTROLLED INFORMALITY OF A PICTURE. Picturesque Architecture 381 Mythical monsters each with the body of a lion and a head of a man, hawk, ram or woman possessed Sphinx 382 An ancient Egyptian rectangular, flat-topped funerary mound with battered (sloping) sides covering a burial chamber blow ground Mastaba 383 Huge monoliths, square on plan and tapering to an electrum-capped (alloy of silver & gold) “pyra-midion” at the summit, which was the sacred part. The four sides are cut with hieroglyphics. Obelisk 384 A massive funerary structure of stone or brick with a square base and four sloping triangular sides meeting at the apex Pyramid 385 Inward inclination or slope of an outward wall. Batter 386 Consists of a complex of “sarsen” (any of the many large sedimentary rocks that have been broken into blocks by frost action and are found scattered across the chalk downs of southern England )stones and smaller blue stones set in a circle and connected by lintels Stonehenge 387 Artificial Mountains made up of tiered (layered), rectangular stages which rose in number from one to seven Ziggurat 388 Pictorial representation of religious ritual, historic events and daily pursuits Hieroglyphics 389 An ancient structure usually regarded as a tomb, consisting of two or more large upright stones set with a space between and capped by a horizontal stone Dolmen 390 Any of the pieces, in the shape of a truncated wedge, which form an arch or a vault. A wedge-shaped stone: a wedge-shaped brick or stone used to form the curved parts of an arch or vault Voussoirs 391 In ancient Greece/ Rome, a room or covered area or open on one side used as a meeting place; architecture history conversation room: a room for relaxation or conversation, especially a semicircular recess in a larger hall with a continuous bench along the wall; furniture long curved outdoor bench: a long curved or semicircular outdoor bench, usually with a high back; architecture recess: any kind of recess or niche (technical) Exedra 392 The sanctuary of a classical temple, containing the cult statue of the god Cella 393 Domical mounds which grouped with their rails, gateways, professional paths and crowning umbrella came to be known as symbols of the universe; a Buddhist shrine, temple, or pagoda that houses a relic or marks the location of an auspicious event. Stupa 394 An adjective used to describe an artist who selects forms and ideas from different periods or countries and combines them to produce a harmonious whole. Eclectic 395 The exposed undersurface of any overhead component of a building such as an arch, balcony, beam, cornice, lintel or vault. bottom surface: the underside of a structural component of a building, for example the underside of a roof overhang or the inner curve of an arch Soffit 396 a large fortified (armed) place; a fort often including a town; any place of security. Fortress 397 the term applied to the triangular curved overhanging surface by means of which a circular dome is supported over a square or polygonal compartment. a sloping triangular piece of vaulting between the arches that support a dome and its rim Pendentive 398 Pre-Columbian edifice dedicated to the service or worship of their god which is made of stones entered by a single door to a very steep single flight of steps, above it rises a high stone roof Mayan Temple Pyramid 399 Term in a specialized sense to describe one of the attitudes of taste towards architecture and landscape gardening in the late 18th and early 19th century; very attractive: visually pleasing enough to be the subject of a painting or photograph Picturesqueness 400 A term originally applied painting on a wall while the plaster is wet and is not in oil colors. painting done on fresh plaster: a painting on a wall or ceiling made by brushing watercolors onto fresh damp plaster, or onto partly dry plaster Fresco 401 A long colonnaded building, served many purposes, used around public places and as shelter at religious shrines; an ancient covered walkway: in ancient Greece, a covered walkway, usually with a row of columns on one side and a wall on the other Stoa 402 Carved male figures serving as pillars also called TELAMONES; architecture figure of man used as support: a figure of a man, either standing or kneeling, used as a support for the upper part of a classical building Atlantes 403 A slab forming the crowning member of a column Abacus 404 A swelling or curving outwards along the outline of a column shaft, designed to counteract the optical illusion which gives a shaft bounded by straight lines the appearance of curving inwards; a bulge in architectural column: a slight bulge in the shaft of a column, designed to counter the visual impression of concavity that a perfectly straight column would give Entasis 405 The vertical channeling on the shaft of a column; architecture: groove in column: a groove running down an architectural column Flutes 406 Sculptures female figures used as columns or supports Caryatids 407 the portion of a pedestal between its base and cornice. A term also applied to the lower portions of walls when decorated separately. Daado 408 The sharp edge formed by the meeting of two surface usually in DORIC columns

Arris 409 a small flat band between mouldings to separate them from each other. architecture flat narrow moulding: a raised or sunken ornamental surface set between larger surfaces Fillets 410 A triangular piece of wall above the entablature enclosed by raking cornices; architecture gable on colonnade: a broad triangular or segmental gable surmounting a colonnade as the major part of a facade Pediment 411 The lowest square member of the base of a column Plinth 412 Town square, was the center of social and business life, around which were stoas, or colonnaded porticoes, temples, markets, public buildings, monuments, shrines. Agora 413 These are arches erected to emperors and generals commemorating victorious campaigns; has one or three openings. Such arches were adorned with appropriate bas-reliefs (flat sculpture; slightly projecting) and usually carried grit-bronze statuary (statues considered collectively) on an attic storey and having a dedicatory inscription in its face Triumphal Arch 414 Palatial public baths of Imperial Rome raised on a high platform; hot springs: hot springs or baths, especially the public baths of ancient Rome Thermae 415 Elliptical Amphitheatres are characteristically Roman buildings found in every important settlement, used to display of mortal combats (gladiatorial) Colosseum 416 A roman structure where immense quantities of water were required for the great thermae and for public fountains, and for domestic supply for the large population; a channel for water: a pipe or channel for moving water to a lower level, often across a great distance Aquaducts 417 Corresponds (links) to the Agora in a Greek city was a central open space, used a public meeting space, market or rendezvous for political demonstrations. Forum 418 A turret (small rounded tower) or part of a building elevated above the main building. architecture pointed ornament: a pointed ornament on top of a buttress or parapet Pinaccle 419 Taken from a tomb chamber, or the ornamental treatment given to a stone coffin hewn out of one block of marble and with sculptures, figures and festoons (garland) of a late period, surmounted by lids like roofs terminating in scrolls. stone coffin: an ancient stone or marble coffin, often decorated with sculpture and inscriptions Sarcophagus 420 A term applied to monumental tombs. They consisted of large cylindrical blocks, often on a quadrangular podium, topped with a conical crown of earth or stone. Mausolleum 421 Line of intersection of cross-vaults Groins 422 Sunk panels, caissons or lacunaria formed in ceilings, vaults or domes; sunken panel in a ceiling: a decorative sunken panel in a ceiling Coffers 423 A mass of masonry built against a wall to resist the pressure of an arch & vault. Butress 424 an arch covering in stone or brick over any building; architecture arched ceiling: an arched structure of stone, brick, wood, or plaster that forms a ceiling or roof; a room with arched ceiling: a room, especially an underground room, with an arched ceiling Vault 425 A long arcaded entrance porch to a Christian Basilican Church Narthex 426 A building or a part of a church in which baptism is administered baptisteries 427 a basin usually of stone which holds the water for baptism. Font 428 A vault having a circular plan, and usually in the form of a sphere portion, so constructed as to exert an equal thrust in all directions Dome 429 A raised stage in a Basilican church reserved for the clergyBema 430 A range of arches supported on piers or columns attached to or detached from the wall. Arcade 431 A raised pulpit on either side of a Basilican church from which the epistle of a gospel were read Ambo 432 Decorative surfaces formed by small cubes of stones, glass & marble Mosaic 433 A canopy supported by columns generally placed over an altar or tomb. Also known as “CIBORIUM”. Baldachino 434 A longitudinal division of an interior area, as in a church, separated from the main area by arcades or the like. Aisle 435 The principal or central longitudinal area of a church, extending from the main entrance or narthex to the CHANCEL (area of church near altar: an area of a church near the altar for the use of clergy and choir, often separated from the nave by a screen or steps) usually flanked by aisles of less height Nave 436 The circular or multi-angular termination of a church sanctuary. A rounded projection of a building Apse 437 A small pavilion, usually open – built in gardens & parks. Kiosk 438 An inward-looking building whose prime purpose is for contemplation & prayer. A space without object of adoration. (Muslim)

Mosque 439 A block of stone, often elaborately carved or moulded, projected from a wall, supporting the beams of a roof, floor or vault. Corbel 440 a tall tower in, or continuous to a mosque arch stairs leading up to one or more balconies from which the faithful are called to prayer Minaret 441A diagonal cutting of an arris formed by two surfaces at an angle Chamfer 442 An approach or an open forecourt surrounded by arcades in a Basilican church. Atrium 443 A small arch or bracket built across each angle of a square or polygonal structure to form an octagon or other appropriate base for a dome or a spire. An interior supporting part of a tower: an arch, corbelling, or lintel built across the upper inside corner of a square tower to support the weight of a spire or other structure above Squinch 444 Women’s or private quarters of a house or place in Islamic architecture. Harem 445 An empty tomb. A monument erected in memory of one not interred in or under it. Cenotaph 446 A double curve, resembling the letter “S”, formed by the union of a curve and a convex line Ogee 447 The central stone of a semi-circular arch, sometimes sculptured. Keystone 448 a screen in a Greek orthodox church on which icons or (sacred images), pictures, are placed separating the chancel from the space, open to the laity. An altar screen decorated with icons: a screen on which icons are mounted, used in Eastern Orthodox churches to separate the area around the altar from the main part of the church Iconostasis 449 A covered porch (porch-roofed exterior of a room) or balcony (balcony- a platform projecting from an interior or exterior wall of a building) extending along the outside of a building, planned for summer leisure. Verandah 450 A public open space in Byzantine architecture, surrounded by buildings Piazza 451 Geometrical ornaments due to absence of human and animal statues; an ornate design Arabesque 452 The triangular space enclosed by the curve of an arch, a vertical line from its springing, a horizontal line through its apex. A space between one arch or another. Space between two arches and a cornice Spandrel 453small towers, often containing stairs, and forming special features in medieval buildings. Turret 454 Vertical tracery members dividing windows into different numbers of light. A vertical window divider: a vertical piece of stone, metal, or wood that divides the panes of a window or the panels of a screen Mullions 455 A castle in a French-speaking country or a stately residence. A French castle: a castle or large house in France, often one that has a vineyard attached and gives its name to wine produced there. Chateau 456 A slender wooden spire rising from a roof. A slender church spire: a slender spire, especially one that emerges from the roof of a church at the point where the ridges intersect. Fleche 457 a (shell) or a recess in a wall, hallowed like a shell for a statue or ornament. Niche 458 (Lump or knob) or projecting ornament at the intersection of the ribs of ceilings, whether vaulted or flat. Boss 459 Is a rectangular feature in the shape of a pillar, but projecting only about one sixth of its breadth (distance from side to side) from the wall. Pilaster Strip 460 An umbrella shaped copula. Chatris 461 The ornamental pattern work in stone, filling the upper part of a gothic window. Tracery 462 The high platform on which temples were generally placed (in general, any elevate platform). A foundation wall: a low wall forming a foundation or base, for example for a colonnade Podium 463 The part of a cruciform church, projecting at right angles to the main building. Wings of church: the part of a cross-shaped church that runs at right angles to the long central part (nave) Transept 464 Vaulting in Romanesque in which a framework of ribs supported thin stone panels. The new method consisted in designing the profile of the transverse (crosswise or at right angle with something), longitudinal and diagonal ribs to which the form of the panels was adopted Rib & Panel 465 Special term for a lantern or raised structure above a roof admitting light into the interior? Cimborio 466 A room where food is stored; a pantry ( a walk-in cupboard); a cupboard Larder 467 The tapering termination of a tower in Gothic churches Spire 468 The term applied to a tower crowned by a spire Steeple 469 –A room for storage of garments Wardrobe 470 A slight convex curvature built into a truss or beam to compensate for an anticipated deflection so that it will gave no sag when under load. Camber

471 Covered passages around an open space or “Garth”, connecting the church to the chapter house; a small courtyard or enclosed space Coisters 472 A serving room between kitchen and dining room, or a room for storage of food supplies Pantry 473 A vault in which the ribs compose a “star-shaped” pattern Stellar Vault 474 A building complex of a certain English order or a self-contained community used by monks Monastery 475 A bay window especially cantilevered or corbelled out from the face of the wall by means of projecting stones. Oriel Window 476 The dining hall of a monastery, convent or college Refectory 477 An ornament consisting of a spirally wound band, either as a running ornament or as a terminal, like the volutes of the ionic capital. Scroll 478 An Italian impressive building or private building Palazzo 479 One of a number of short vertical members often circular in section used to support a stair handrail or a coping (wall’s capping surface). Baluster 480 a term applied to a type of Renaissance ornament in which rock-like forms fantastic scrolls, and ‘crimped’ folded or pressed together) shells (are worked up together in a profusion and confusion of detail often without organic coherence but presenting a lavish display of decoration; Any excessively ornate or fancy style; A style of architecture and the decorative arts characterized by intricate ornamentation that was popular throughout Europe in the early 18th century. Rococo 481 In France, anything extravagantly ornamented, so ornate as to be in bad taste, a style of art and architecture in Italy in the 17th to 18th century. baroque 482 A tower not connected with “Bell”. A term applied to the upper room in a tower in which the bells are hung. Belfry 483 The entire construction of a classical temple or the like, between the columns and the eaves usually composed of an architrave, frieze, and a cornice. Entablature 484 (BRITISH) The hall built or used by medieval association as of merchants and tradesmen, organized to maintain standards that constituted a governing body. (Doge = Italian renaissance chief magistrate) Doge's Hall 485 (little house for pleasure & recreation). A prominent structure, generally distinctive in character. Pavillion 486 The space about the altar of a church, usually separated by a screen for the clergy and other officials, usually referred to as the “choir Chancel 487 An eternal solid angle of a wall or the like. One of the stones forming it, corner stone (Renaissance) A block forming a corner: a stone block used to form a quoin, especially when it is different, for example in size or material, from the other blocks or bricks in the wall Quoins 488 A “BRACKET”: is a projecting member to support a weight generally formed with scrolls or volute when carrying the upper member of the cornice Console 489 A space entirely or partly under a building; in churches, generally beneath the chancel and used for burial in earlier times. An underground chamber: an underground room or vault, often below a church, used as a burial chamber or chapel, or for storing religious artifacts Crypt 490 The central shaft of a circular staircase. Also applied to the post in which the handrail is framed. Newel 491 The chief magistrate’s buildings, in the former republic of Venice & Genoa. Doge's Palace 492 A spherical roof, (a dome-shaped roof) placed like an inverted cup over a circular square or multi-angular apartment. A dome on roof: a small dome on a roof, sometimes made of glass and providing natural light inside Cupola 493 An ante-room to a larger apartment of a building; An entrance hall: a small room or hall between an outer door and the main part of a building Vestibule 494 A construction such as a tower, at the crossing of a church rising above the neighboring roofs and glazed at the sides Lantern 495 A twisted band, garland or chaplet, representing flowers, fruits leaves, often used in decoration; A circular arrangement of flowers: a circular arrangement of flowers and greenery placed as a memorial on a grave, hung up as a decoration, or put on somebody’s head as a sign of honor; a representation of wreath: a representation of a circular arrangement of flowers, vines, or other things, for example in a carving or on a coat of arms; [headdress; garland; laurel] Wreath 496 In Renaissance, a room used primarily for exhibition of art objects, or a drawing room;[grand sitting room; social gathering of intellectuals; art exhibition or gallery] Salon 497 A roof having a double slope on four sides; the lower slope being much steeper and the flatter upper portion. Also known as the gambrel roof. Mansard 498 A room decorated with plants, sculpture and fountains (often decorated with beautiful Maiden living in Rivers, trees) and intended for relaxation. [nymph: a spirit or a minor goddess of nature; or a beautiful young woman] Nymphaeum 499 An ornate iron grille, or screen, a characteristic feature of Spanish Church interiors; An architectural decoration: a carved decoration at the top of a gable, spire, or arched structure Finial 500 A support for a column statue or a vase, it usually consists of a base. “Die” or Dado, and a cornice or cap mould Pedestal 501 A window in a sloping roof usually that of a sleeping apartment. A window projecting from roof: a window for a room within the roof space that is built out at right angles to the main roof and has its own gable Dormer

502 A bust (sculpture of head & shoulders) on a square pedestal instead of a human body, used in classic times to mark boundaries on highways, and used decoratively in Renaissance times. Hermes 503 Vertical members dividing windows into different number of lights Mullions 504 A Spanish arcaded or colonnaded yard; a paved area outside a house: a paved area adjoining a house, used for outdoor dining, growing plants in containers, and recreation. A roofless courtyard: a roofless inner courtyard typical of a Spanish-style house Patio 505 Also called ‘brackets” or “consoles” or “ancones”. It is a projecting member to support a weight. generally formed with scrolls or volutes which carry the upper member of a cornice (a projecting moulding at the top of a wall or at where the wall & ceiling meets); also a bracket in Corinthian order: a small curved ornamental bracket under the corona of a Corinthian or Composite columnmModilions 506 The horizontal divisions or crossbars of windows. Transom 507 A decorative niche often topped with a canopy and housing a statue or an icon. Tabernacle 508 (to walk) the cloister (covered walkway around a courtyard) or covered passage around the east end of the church, behind the altar. Ambulatory 509 Also called “key pattern” the upper portion of the pinnacle [pinnacle: pointed ornament: a pointed ornament on top of a buttress or parapet]; an architectural decoration: a carved decoration at the top of a gable, spire, or arched structure Finial 510 a raised platform reserved for the seating of speakers and dignitaries; a raised platform: a raised platform at the end of a hall or large room. [podium, platform, pulpit, stage] Dais 511 The window of a protruded bay or the windowed bay itself. A protruding window: a rounded or three-sided window that sticks out from an outside wall and forms a recess on the inside Bay Window 512 Bulbous termination to the top of a tower, found principally in Central & Eastern Europe Helm Roof 513 A communicating passage or wide corridor for pictures and statues. An upper storey for seats in a church Gallery 514 A type of relief ornament or cresting [cresting: a decorative roof ridge: an ornamental ridge on a roof ] resembling the studded leather straps arranged in geometrical and sometimes interlaced patterns much used in the early renaissance architecture of England. Strapwork 515 The space between two columns Intercolumnation 516 One of the winged heavenly beings that support the throne of God or act as guardian spirits, or Chubby, a rosy-faced child with wings Cherubs 517 Earth-baked (unglazed) or burnt in moulds. For use in construction, harder in quality than brick. [brownish red color] Terracotta 518 A coat of arms; connected with heraldry or heralds: belonging or relating to heraldry or heralds Heraldic 519 Phase of the early period of Spanish architecture of the later 15th and early 16th century, an intricate style named after its likeness to silverwork; elaborately decorated: relating to a heavily decorated architectural style fashionable in 16th-century Spain, reminiscent of elaborate silverware Plateresque Architecture 520 An elevated enclosed stand in a CHURCH in which the preacher stands Pulpit 521 A roofed but open-sided structure affording an extensive view, usually located at the rooftop of a dwelling but sometimes an independent building or an eminence (a hill) on a formal garden; a building with fine view: a building or part of a building positioned to offer a fine view of the surrounding area Belvedere 522 An expression of Spanish baroque architecture and sculpture, a recurrent feature was the richly garlanded spiral columns. [flamboyantshowy; brightly colored; highly decorated ornamentation] Churrigueresque 523 A movable candle lamp-stand with central shaft, and often branches or decorative representation thereof; a branching light fitting: a large decorative candle holder with several arms or branches, or a similarly shaped electric light fitting Candelabra 524 (grating: metal grille) an ornament in classic or renaissance architecture consisting of an assembly of straight lines intersecting at right angles, and of various patterns. Fretwork 525 Outstanding architectural creation in Sri Lanka which is a circular relic house built in stone and brick. Wata Dage 526 Picturesque composition built in America since 1980. Hall timbering and massive medieval chimney. Identified by prominent gables and large expansive windows with small panes. Tudor Revival 527 a large convex moulding used principally in the bases of columns. Torus 528 Most typical Chinese building, usually octagonal in plan, odd number o stories usually 9 or 13 storeys and repeated roofs, highly colored and with upturned eaves, slopes to each storey. Pagoda

529 One storey with low-overhanging roof and broad front porch. Unpretentious style often rambling spread out floor plan, more expensive to build; lightweight tropical house: a simply-built one-storey house with a veranda and a wide, gently sloping roof in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Bungallow 530 A glazed earth ware originally made in Italy; pottery with colored glaze: earthenware decorated with colored opaque metallic glazes (often used before a noun) Faience 531 Monumental pillars standing free without any structural function, with circular or octagonal shafts with inscriptions carved in it. The capital was bell-shaped and crowned with animal supported bearing the Buddhist will of Law. Stambas / Laths 532 Most famous of ancient Chinese building undertakings. It snakes, loops, and doubles back on itself. Meandering across valleys, plains, scaling mountains, plunging into deep gorges and leaping raging rivers of 3,700 miles. Great Wall 533 An art free from any historical style characterized by forms of nature for ornamentation in the façade aptly called for the floral design. Art Noveau 534 a school founded by Gropius in 1919, developing a form of training intended to relate art and architecture to technology and the practical needs of human life. bauhaus 535 The arrangement and design of windows in a building Fenestration 536 Relating or conforming to technical architectural principles. Architectonic 537 Rock-cut temples in India Rarhs 538 A structural system consisting of trusses in two directions rigidly connected at their intersections. A rectangular shape is formed where the top and bottom chords of the trusses are directly above & below one another. Space Frame 539 a type of timber framing in America about 1820s wherein it owes its strength to the walls, roof acting as diaphragms, and not on the post. It is an extension of the roof. Baloon Framing 540 A Chinese ceremonial gateway erected in memory of an eminent person Pai Lou 541 A dwarf tree which is a perfect reflection of Japanese culture Bonsai 542 An elegant two storey, rectangular town house with a massive stone first floor, and a light and airy second floor, mother-of-pearl or “capiz” windows and picturesque wide tile roof. Entrance is of Heavy plank door with wrought iron or brass nails, sturdy balustrades of wood or iron grilles below windows to let in cool air. Antillan House 543 An open-roofed gallery in an upper storey built for giving a view of the scenery. Belvedere 544 In Japan, a structure where the appreciation of the arts and flower arrangement, with drinking ceremony is done Tea House 545 Intercolumniation is regulated by this standard of Japanese measurement, which is divided into 20 parts called minutes and each minute being again divided into 20 parts or seconds of space. Ken 546 Cordillera one room house on four wooden posts with an animal or insect barrier and a pyramidal roof Cogon grass built without nails Ifugao/ Bontoc House 547 A house with a prow-like (front of ship) majestic roof, the polychrome, extravagant wooden carvings derived from the Malay Mythical bird the “Sari Manok” The silken Muslim canopies in the Interiors. The protruding ends of floor beams are decorated with intricate carvings Nipa House 548 Lowlands area house with pithed roof, made of bamboo poles, thatch roof with woven slit canes for walls and split bamboo slats flooring maranao House 549 Made of 0.75 m. thick stone of lime wall with thick thatched roof made of several layers of cogon and held together by seasoned sticks or reeds and rattan to withstand fiercest typhoons in the north Ivatan House 550 An arcade of roofed gallery built into or projecting from the side of a building particularly one overlooking an open court. A covered balcony and walkway: a covered open-sided walkway, often with arches, along one side of a building Loggia 551 Japanese dominant roofs characterized by their exquisite curvature, and are supported upon a succession of simple or compound brackets. The upper part of the roof is terminated by a gable placed vertically above the end walls, while the lower part of the main roof is carried round the ends of the building in a hipped form. Irrimoya Gable 552 Shinto temples (Shinto-Japanese religion) are characterized by this gateway formed by upright posts supporting two or more horizontal beams Torii 553 “Fool the eye” – are paintings adorning everything from cabinets to cupboards, fire screen to dishwashers. This creates an illusion of space. A make-believe doorway for example extends a hall. A glass cabinet or door is painted with cows and chicken and make-believe or create an outdoor scene. Trompel o Eil 554 A house composed of natural materials. It is an eclectic and organic look that grows and changes with antiques and a clutter of different collections, made of rough plaster, old beams, wood framed windows and slate or brick floors. A house in the country: a large house in the country, often with a large area of land attached Country House

555 1930s modernist’s style of art inspired by mechanical forms and chiefly distinguished by geometrical shapes, bold color schemes and symmetrical designs, suitable for mass production Art Deco 556 These are garden rooms. Gazebo 557 patio (Spanish outdoor living or dining);VERANDAH (a porch or balcony for summer leisure); LOGGIA Stoa 558 Turret(medieval) ; minaret (Islamic);steeple (church tower & spire)(term use for spire crowned towers) Pinnacle 559 (highest point); fleche (a church spire); spire (tapering termination of a gothic church tower); finial (a design at the top of a spire) Pinnacle 560 Boss (vaulted or flat); groin (vaulted only) Boss/ Groin 561 Quoins (just a corner stone) vs. squinch (structural arch to support a dome) Quoins / Squinch 562 statue chamber? Serdab 563 bldg that hold sculpture. Glypthoteca 564 bldg that holds painting Pinacotheca 565 acropolis, sacred enclosure Themenos 566 coffer, ceiling? Lacunaria 567 space bet naos wall and column? Peroma 568 tholos passageway Dromos 569 sleeping room, megaron? Thalamus 570 (greatest example of Egyptian temple) The Great Temple of Arnak 571 Great Sphinx at Gizeh. God Horus 572 Senusurets- built the earliest known obelisk at HeliopolisAmenemhat I- founded the great temple at KarnakThothmes I- began the additions to the temple of Amnon KarnakAmenophis III- built the famous Colossi of MemnonRameses I- began the hypostyle hall at KarnakSeti I- built the temple at Abu- SimberPtolemy II- built the pharos of Light HousePtolemy III- founded the Great Seradeum at Alexandria Egyptian Architects 573 gateway to greek temple Propylaea 574 largest - geatest example of greek architecture - archt. Ictinus - master sculptor- Callicrates - Doric temple - naos- made of gold and ivory holds the statue of Athena Partenon 575 prototype Greek Thetre - largest for 30,000 people. Theatre of Dionysus 576 oldest & most important bldg in Rome Forum Romanum 577 largest circus in Rome? Circus Maximus 578 largest forum in Rome Forum of Trajan 579 Prehistoric Period 1. Temporary shelter from perishable materials 580 2. Caves 581 3. Rocks on top of each other 582 4. Hard-packed snow blocks 583 5. animal skins 584 Egyptian Architecture 1. Battered or sloping outside walls 585 2. Columns & Capitals from vegetable origins 586 3. Papyrus Buds, Lotus Flower walls of mud brick, thick & 9M high 587 4. Unbroken massive walls adorned with hieroglyphics 588 Mesopotamian Architecture 1. Abundance of clay-provided bricks 589 2. Roofs flat outside 590 3. Architecture was arcuated winged deity and winged human headed lion used as décor 591 4. Houses of one room, entered by a single door & without windows 592 Pre columbian Architecure 1. Temple pyramids are approached by a single steep flight of steps. 593 2. Stone [finely dressed, carved, or laid as roughly dressed rubble] was employed for all important buildings 594 Greek Architecture 1. Columnar & trabeated (have horizontal beams rather than archs) 595 2. Wooden roofs were untrussed

596 3. Ceilings sometimes omitted 597 4. optical illusions were corrected, in Greek Temples 598 5. Doric, Ionic, Corinthian [orders of columns] 599 Roman Architecture 1. The arch & the vault was developed 600 2. Two orders of architecture added [Tuscan & Composite] 601 3. Concrete is now used [composition of lime, sand, pozzolana & broken bricks or small stones. 602 Early christian Architecture 1. Widely Spaced Columns carrying semi-circular arches 603 2. Basilican Churches have 3 to 5 aisles, covered by a simple timber roof 604 3. Mosaic decoration added internally 605 4. separate buildings used for baptism or baptisteries 606 Byzantine Architecture 1. Novel development of the Dome to cover polygonal and square plans of churches 607 2. Tomb & baptisteries by means of “pendentives” 608 3. ‘Fresco” decoration using marble & mosaic 609 Islamic Architecture 1. Bulbous or onion dome 610 2. Minarets 611 3. Stalactite moulding 612 4. Cresting: decorative roof ridge: an ornamental ridge on a roof 613 5. painted arch 614 Romanesque Architecture 1. Ribbed & panel, cross vaults; 615 2. plaster strips, arcades, rose windows, 616 3. Sober (serious/ not fanciful)& dignified style 617 4. Formal massing depends on the grouping of towers and the projection of transepts & choir. 618 Gothic Architecture 1. Pointed arch 619 2. buttress, flying buttress 620 3. gargoyles, decorated vaulting 621 4. rose & lancet windows ploughshare twist 622 5. variety of open roofs (trussed, tie-beam, collar) 623 Renaissance Architecture 1. Rusticated masonry, (rough masonry) 624 2. Quoins, Balusters 625 3. domes or raised drums 626 4. pediments one within the other 627 5. rococo 628 6. baroque style 629 7. mansard roof 630 8. salon 631 Britain Architecture 1. Picturesque values 632 2. Reflected in the predilection (liking) for highly textured, colorful materials, asymmetry & informality. 633 3. palazzo style was a triumph of national ecclesiasticism 634 4. New functions & techniques produced new forms 635 5. Taller buildings were designed due to concrete & cast iron frames. 636 6. New materials were used due to the effect of canals 637 7. Railroad systems, central heating & elevator or lift 638 Continental Europe Repetition of standard bays, both plan & elevation, an affinity (similarity) with bay system, programmatically adopted with the introduction of iron construction 639 American Architecture 1. Neo-classic & Greek revival was followed 640 2. Baloon frame was introduced 641 3. The skyscraper was contributed related to metal frame construction 642 4. The non-load-bearing curtain wall & the elevator

643 Modern International 1. Free-standing glass sheath suspended on a framework across the face of the building or curtain wall. 644 2. Art Noveau and Bauhaus was developed 645 3. Enormous Spans unobstructed were at length achieved with concrete. 646 4. Steel is used in space-frame 647 India / pakistan 1. Hindu worship is an individual act 648 2. Buddhist religious buildings or shrines took the form of STUPAS (Buddhist shrine or pagoda), and are designed for congregational use. 649 3. Mouldings have BULBOUS character 650 4. The TORUS moulding is used 651 5. Various BAS reliefs depicting scenes of daily life and story of Buddha 652 6. The female form in its voluptuous (sensual) form is often used 653 Sri Lanka 1. Rock Temples, with square or octagonal pillars 654 2. A circular relic house (wata-dage) built in stone & brick is an outstanding architectural creation. 655 3. Architecture of wood, with high pitched roofs, with wide eaves, slightly curved, finished with small flat shingles and terra cotta tiles. 656 4. Windows with lacquered wood bars, carved timber doorways, ornamental metalwork door furniture, painted walls. 657 Afghanistan, Nepal, Tibet 1. Cupola Roofs (dome shaped roof or dome on roof), spanning with arched squinches, the square chamber angles, lantern roof and coffered dome, an elaborate system of hexagon, each containing the statue of Buddha 658 2. The “SIKHARA” & “PAGODA” temples survive. 659 3. A monumental pillar generally supporting a metal superstructure adorned with mystic symbols, groups of divinities and portraits statuary of royalties. 660 4. Windows have intricate lattice screens and roof have red curved tiles, metal gutters and projecting cornice and fancifully decorated with carving, embossing, tinkling bells and hanging lamps. 661 5. The monastery is fortress-like sited on hill tops. 662 6. Pillars and beams are painted “yellow or red” and “painted silks” hang from the roof. 663 Burma, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia 1. Stepped Temple Pyramid, terraced on a hill 664 2. Using stone without mortar fitted perfectly and numerous colossal towers 665 3. Religious buildings overlaid with ornamentation of Chinese characters, surfaces often finished with porcelain tile 666 4. Walls are white stucco, (wall plaster) 667 5. multi-leveled overlapping timber roofs 668 6. Gables and bargeboard decorated with Hindu iconography. 669 7. Doors and window shutters are of carved wood, lacquered in black and gold. 670 China 1. Roof ridges are laden with elaborate ornamental cresting and the up-tilted angles are adorned with fantastic dragons and grotesque ornament.(distorted bizarre) 671 2. Roofs one on top of the other using S-shape enameled tiles. 672 3. Roof framing in “rectangle” and not triangle. 673 4. Use of bright colors 674 5. Column brackets are decorated with birds, flowers and dragons. 675 Japan 1. Light and delicate timber construction is refined by a minute carving & decoration 676 2. Dominant roofs characterized by their exquisite (beautiful/superb) curvature, supported by a succession of brackets 677 3. Upper part of the roof is terminated by a gable placed vertically above the end walls 678 4. Rooms are regulated by a “KEN” Tatami mats. 679 5. Love of nature: using stone, lantern & bonsai. 680 Philippines 1. Use of indigenous (natural) materials for houses like bamboo, palm leaves, sturdy wooden posts, carved wooden sidings, cogon grass roof. 681 2. Spanish-style high-pitched roofs, 682 3. Capiz shell windows, barandillas, balconies, 683 4. Coconut shell & wood design

684 5. Much use of galvanized iron sheet for roofing. 812 “shrine of freedom”, designed by Father Antonio Cedeno, with Diego Jordan as engineer Real Fuerza de Santiago (Fort Santiago) 813 famous walled city within a city; seven gates; completed 1872; made of bricks and hard adobe from the Pasig River quarries; wall are 45 ft thick and rise 25 ft above the moat; Intramuros 814 1. roofs at 45 degrees gradient or less2. use of bricks, limestone, hardwood, capiz shells (G.I. sheets and clay tiles or “tisa” were Late Spanish Period 815 1. a “regime” of reinforced concrete and galvanized iron2. Neo-Classical styles American Period 816 mediocre design, uncontrolled and hasty rebuilding only resurrected old designs - commercial building drew inspiration from contemporary architecture in the West Post War Architecture 817 Movement in 20th Century, art that represented the revolutionary effort of young Italian Concrete, steel and glass Futurism 818 Cubist style developed in Germany and Austria (1900s).CHARACTERISTICS:Devoid of ornamentation Functionalism 819 Sought for solutions for alternative cheap forms of construction in timber, brick & metal.Initiated by British (pre-fab. Architecture) Utilitarianism 820 Non-representational style of art w/c uses modern industrial materials: plastic & glass.Ideal abstract art movement arose in Europe & Russia (1913-1920) Constructivism 821 Out view in w/c the major activities or environmental factor was employed in the structure in a non-intellectual manner. Neo-expressionism 822 first built in the 13th century and reconstructed in 1906–1909, is the largest clay building in the world. The Great Mosque of Djenné in Mali, 823 developed the first safe passenger elevator. In addition to this, was the development of techniques for manufacturing rolled steel Elisha Graves Otis 824 architecture OF THE borrowing and OF free selection Ecclectism 825 movement for aesthetic and moral crusade- escape FROM THE Industrial World The Arts & Crafts Movement 826 In Egyptian architecture, the tomb of the pharaohs is the. Pyramid 1148 Central Bank of the Philippines, Manila. Gabriel Formoso 1149 G.S.I.S. Building, Roxas Boulevard. George Ramos 1150 The tower atop the torogan where the princess and her ladies in waiting hide during occasions. Lamin 1151 Found in the ground floor of the bahay na bato, it is where the carriages and floats are kept. Zaguan 1152 The emergency hideout found directly behind the neadboard of the Sultan's bed. Bilik 1153 The flat, open terrace open to the toilet, bath, and kitchen areas and also used as a laundry and drying space and service area for the servants. Azotea 1154 In the kitchen of the bahay kubo, the table on top of which is the river stone, shoe-shaped stove or kalan is known as ___. Dapogan 1155 “Form follows function” Louis Sullivan 1156 “Form does not necessarily follow function” Antonio Gaudi 1157 “Art and Architecture, the new unity” Walter Gropius 1158 “A house is a house” Louis Khan 1159 “Cube within a cube” Le corbusier 1160 “A bridge is like a house” Robert Mailart 1161 “Less is more”

Ludwig Mies Van De Rohe 1162 Ornament is a crime Adolf Loos 1163 Less is more only when more is too much Frank Loyd Wright 1164 FUNCTION INFLUENCE BUT DOES NOT DICTATE FORM EERo Saarinen 1165 MODERN ARCHITECTURE NEED NOT BE WESTERN Kenzo tange 1166 ARCHITECTURE MUST MEET 3 REQUIREMENTS: STENGTH, BEAUTY, UNITY Marcus Vitruvius 1167 Ludwig Mies Van De Rohe 1168 Less is Bore / “Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture” Robert Venturi 1169 The reality of the building does not consist in the roof and walls, but in the space within to be lived in Lao Tse 1170 LEVER HOUSE - was one of the earliest steel and glass office towers and the first such tower in New York City. SOM 1171 CHRYSLER BUILDING, NY Willian Van Allen 1172 GEODESIC DOME Buckminster Fuller 1173 SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE Jorn Utzon 1174 SOLOMON GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM Frank Loyd Wright 1175 PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS, BRAZIL Lucio Costa & Oscar Niemeyer 1176 BAUHAUS BLDG, GERMANY Walter Gropius 1177 EINSTEIN TOWER Erich Mendelson