history and fact of south east asia.pdf

THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA VOLUME ONE From early times to c. 1500

edited by

NICHOLAS TARLING

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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

The Cambridge history of Southeast Asia 2004

digitalisiert durch: IDS Luzern

CONTENTS Maps Note on Spelling Note on Gender in Southeast Asian Languages Abbreviations Preface to the Original Edition Preface to the Paperback Edition 1 The Writing of Southeast Asian History /. D. LEGGE, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia Southeast Asian Studies before World War II Southeast Asian Studies since World War II Major Themes in Post-war Studies Changes in Interpretation Deconstructing Southeast Asian History

vü viii ix x xi xv 1 3 15 23 38 43

Front early times to c. 1500 Introduction

53

2 Southeast Asia before History PETER BELLWOOD, Australian National University, Canberra Present-day Environments of Southeast Asia The Changing Nature of the Southeast Asian Environment Human Prehistory: The First Million Years Ancestors for the Living The Archaeological Record—Late Pleistocene to Mid-Holocene The Rise and Expansion of Agricultural Communities The Archaeology of Early Agricultural Societies The Linguistic Records The Early Metal Phase The Late Neolithic and Early Metal Phases in the Austronesian World Bibliographie Essay

55

3 The Early Kingdoms KEITH W. TAYLOR, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA Vietnam Champa Angkor Pagan

56 61 65 73 78 90 94 106 115 126 136 137 137 153 157 164

VI

Ayutthaya Önvijaya Majapahit Bibliographie Essay 4 Economic History of Early Southeast Asia KENNETH R. HALL, Ball State University, Munde, Indiana, USA Early Economic Development The Age of Fu-nan: The Emergence of the Southeast Asian Political-Economy in the Early Christian Era The Age of the örivijayan Maritime Empire (670-1025) The Temple Realm of Central Java (570-927) East Java, 927-1222 Singhasari (1222-1292) and Majapahit (1293-1528) The Southeast Asian Maritime Realm, c. 1500 The Temple-based Political-Economy of Angkor Cambodia Buddhism as an Economic Force in Pagan Burma International Trade and Commercial Expansion on the Mainland, c. 1100-1300 Champa's Plunder-based Political-Economy The Emergence of the Vietnamese Political-Economy The Early Southeast Asian Socio-Economy: A Concluding Overview Bibliographie Essay

168 173 176 181 183 185 192 196 202 208 215 226 229 240 245 252 260 270 272

5 Religion and Populär Beliefs of Southeast Asia before c. 1500 /. G. DE CASPARIS, Instituut Kern, Leiden, The Netherlands I. W. MABBETT, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia The Earliest Times Religions of Indian Origin on the Mainland Religions of Indian Origin in the Maritime Realm Two Special Problems The Beginnings of Islam Bibliographie Essay

276 281 286 304 322 330 334

Index

340

THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA VOLUME TWO From c. 1500 to c. 1800

edited by

NICHOLAS TARLING

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

CONTENTS Mups Note on Spelling Note on Gender in Southeast Asian Languages Abbreviations Preface to the Paperback Edition Introduction 1 Interactions with the Outside World and Adaptation in Southeast Asian Society, 1500-1800 LEONARD Y. ANDAYA, The University of Hawaii The Coming of Foreign Groups Innovations and Adaptations in Society Summary and Conclusion Bibliographie Essay 2 Political Development between the Sixteenth and Eighteenth Centuries BARBARA WATSON ANDAYA, The University of Hawaii The Political Landscape Southeast Asia during the Sixteenth Century The Cycle of Fragmentation and Unity The Centres of Power in the Seventeenth Century A Renewal of the Movement towards Centralized Control Kingship and Centralization in the Seventeenth Century Seventeenth-century Administrative Reforms and Manpower Control The Creation of the 'Exemplary Centre' The Fragmentation of the Eighteenth Century Conclusion Bibliographie Essay 3 Economic and Social Change, c. 1400-1800 ANTHONY REID, Australian National University, Canberra Population An Economic Boom Cash-cropping and Commercialization Urbanization The Nature of Southeast Asian Commerce The State and Commerce A Seventeenth-century Crisis Europeans, Chinese, and the Origins of Dualism The Trade in Narcotics

vii viii ix x xi xix 1 2 17 50 51 58 58 65 75 81 84 89 92 98 101 110 111 116 116 119 124 128 132 139 144 149 154

VI

Eighteenth-century Transitions Bibliographie Essay 4 Religious Developments in Southeast Asia, c. 1500-1800 BARBARA WATSON ANDAYA, The University of Hawaii YONEO ISHU, Kanda University of International Studies Indigenous Beliefs The Coming of Islam The Arrival of Christianity Religious Issues The Eighteenth Century Conclusion Bibliographie Essay

156 160 164 164 169 183 192 213 223 223

5 The Age of Transition: The Mid-Eighteenth to the Early Nineteenth Centuries /. KATHIRITHAMBY- WELLS, Cläre Hall, Cambridge State Rivalry and Cyclicity Forces of Integration: Religion, Charisma and Resource Control Buddhist Imperialism Buffer Status and Double Allegiance Economic and Cultural Crisis Intellectual Reform and Modernization Decline of Traditional Authority Forced Cultivation Failure of Reform: Rebellion and War Commerce, Political Fragmentation and Moral Dilemma Economic Dualism Economic Reorientation Evolution of a 'National' Identity Conclusion Bibliographie Essay

231 235 240 242 248 251 253 255 258 262 264 267 268 268

Index

276

228 228

THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA VOLUME THREE From c 1800 to the 1930s

edited by

NICHOLAS TARLING

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