HISTORIOGRAFÍA POSTMODERNA ŽŶĐĞƉƚŽƐ͕ĮŐƵƌĂƐ͕ŵĂŶŝĮĞƐƚŽƐ Luis G. De Mussy Miguel Valderrama
Ediciones Universidad Finis Terrae
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
RIL editores bibliodiversidad 2
Historiografía postmoderna
Historiografía postmoderna
3
Historiografía postmoderna
,UIS'$E-USSYs-IGUEL6ALDERRAMA
Historiografía postmoderna Conceptos, figuras, manifiestos
5
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
907.2 D
EF.VTTZ3PB -VJT )JTUPSJPHSBGÎB QPTUNPEFSOB $PODFQUPT àHVSBT NBOJàFTUPT / -VJT(%F.VTTZ .JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB. mm4BOUJBHP3*-FEJUPSFT 2010. 254Q23DN*4#/978-956-284-771-1 1
Historiografía 2 Postmodernismo.
6OJWFSTJEBE'JOJT5FSSBF
Historiografía postmoderna. $÷öëíøü÷û îñïýúéû õéöñîñíûü÷û
Primera edición: noviembre de 2010 © Luis G. de Mussy y Miguel Valderrama, 2010 Registro de Propiedad Intelectual Nº 196.373 © RIL® editores, 2010 Alférez Real 1464 750-0960 Providencia Santiago de Chile Tel. (56-2) 2238100ÊUÊ>ÝÊ2254269 ÀJÀi`ÌÀiðVÊUÊÜÜÜ°Ài`ÌÀiðV Composición e impresión: RIL® editores «ÀiÃÊiÊ
iÊUÊPrinted in Chile ISBN Obra Completa: 978-956-284-771-1 Derechos reservados.
6
Historiografía postmoderna
Los límites de mi lenguaje significan los límites de mi mundo -VEXJH8JUUHFOTUFJO
César muerto por un disparo de browning -VDJFO'FCWSF
7
Historiografía postmoderna
±öìñëí
Agradecimientos ...................................................................13 Advertencia ..........................................................................15 *)ñûü÷úñ÷ïúéîġéø÷ûüõ÷ìíúöé *)JTUPSJPHSBGÎBQPTUNPEFSOB VONBOJàFTUP .................19 **$÷öëíøü÷û 1PSVOBOVFWBHSBNÃUJDBEFMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎB..................39 "DPOUFDJNJFOUP.........................................................43 "SDIJWP ....................................................................47 "DUVBMJEBE ................................................................50 "OUJOPNJB ................................................................53 "QPSÎB ......................................................................55 "OBDSPOJTNP ............................................................57 #JPHSBGÎB ...................................................................61 #JPQPMÎUJDB ................................................................65 $BOPO ......................................................................70 $PNQSFOTJÓOIJTUÓSJDB..............................................80 %FDPMPOJ[BDJÓO QFOTBNJFOUPEFDPMPOJBM .................85 %FDPOTUSVDDJÓO .........................................................88 &TUSVDUVSBMJTNP ........................................................93 'FNJOJTNP FTDSJCJSMBIJTUPSJBEFMBTNVKFSFT ..........99 )JTUPSJDJTNP ...........................................................104 .BSDP FONBSDBNJFOUP .........................................110 ***'ñïýúéû y$JUBSBMPTHSBOEFTPQSFTDJOEJSEFMPTOPNCSFT .........123 1BVM7FZOF .............................................................126 &MJ[BCFUI%FFET&SNBSUI .......................................129 %PNJOJDL-B$BQSB .................................................132 'SBOL"OLFSTNJU....................................................135 )BZEFO8IJUF .......................................................138 ,FJUI+FOLJOT .........................................................142 9
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
.JDIFMEF$FSUFBV .......................................................145 "MVO.VOTMPX .............................................................149 +PBO8BMMBDI4DPUU ......................................................151 *7.éöñîñíûü÷û y&TMBDPOEJDJÓOQPTUNPEFSOB MBDPOEJDJÓOEFMPTNBOJàFTUPT ....................................157 )JTUPSJPHSBGÎBZQPTUNPEFSOJTNP Frank Ankersmit .....................................................159 .BOJàFTUPJOBVHVSBM Grupo de Estudios Subalternos ..............................185 -BPQDJÓOEFDPMPOJBM6ONBOJàFTUP Walter Mignolo ......................................................199 5JFNQPEFNBOJàFTUPT Hayden White ........................................................235
10
Historiografía postmoderna
A Luis e Isabella por día a día enseñarme la flexibilidad de las palabras y la necesidad de la adaptación. Y a María Teresa por haberme demostrado que cada despedida era el comienzo de una nueva historia. -(E.
A Alejandra, una vez más… .7
11
Historiografía postmoderna
"ïúéìíëñõñíöü÷û
Historiografía postmoderna. Conceptos, figuras, manifiestos FTQSPEVDUPEFVOBJOWFTUJHBDJÓOFOMBRVFDPMBCPSBSPO FOEJTUJOUBTFUBQBT MPTBZVEBOUFTEFOVFTUSPTDVSTPTEF)JTUPSJPHSBGÎB Z5FPSÎB EF MB IJTUPSJB /FDFTBSJP FT QVFT OPNCSBSMPT B UPEPT $MBVEJP7ÊMJ[ $BSMPT3PKBTF*HOBDJP4BSNJFOUP &OFMEFTBSSPMMPEFMBTFDDJÓOj$PODFQUPTvZj.BOJàFTUPTv EFHistoriografía postmodernaDPOUBNPTDPOMBDPMBCPSBDJÓOEF BDBEÊNJDPTEFTUBDBEPT RVFOPQPEFNPTEFKBSEFNFODJPOBS&O FTUFTFOUJEP EFCFNPTBHSBEFDFSNVZFTQFDJBMNFOUFB"MFKBOESB $BTUJMMPQPSSFTQPOEFSDPOFOUVTJBTNPBOVFTUSBJOWJUBDJÓOBDPMBCPSBSDPOMBWP[jGFNJOJTNP FTDSJCJSMBIJTUPSJBEFMBTNVKFSFT v FO MB TFDDJÓO conceptos EF FTUB HSBNÃUJDB IJTUPSJPHSÃàDB QSPWJTJPOBM%FJHVBMNBOFSB EFCFNPTSFDPOPDFSFMBQPZPFOUVTJBTUBRVFOPTCSJOEBSPOFOEJTUJOUPTNPNFOUPTEFMBSFBMJ[BDJÓO EFFTUBJOWFTUJHBDJÓO)BZEFO8IJUF 'SBOL"OLFSTNJU ,FJUI+FOLJOT "MVO.VOTMPX 8BMUFS.JHOPMPZ4BOUJBHP$BTUSP(ÓNF[
13
Historiografía postmoderna
"ìþíúüíöëñé
.ñíóí #éô øúíûíöüħ ûý ôñêú÷ Conceptos viajeros en las humanidadesDPNPVOBHVÎBEFWJBKFTBCPDFUBEB Rough Guide
DPNP VO CSFWJBSJP JOEJTQFOTBCMF B MB IPSB EF JOJDJBS VO MBSHP WJBKFDPOEFTUJOPJODJFSUPQPSFMBSDIJQJÊMBHPEFMBDVMUVSBDPOUFNQPSÃOFB4JCJFOTJFNQSFFTOFDFTBSJPUPNBSSFTHVBSEPTDPOUSBBRVFMMBTBCJEVSÎBEFBFSPQVFSUPTZDBSSFUFSBTRVFOPTFYIPSUB BBGSPOUBSWJBKFTQFMJHSPTPTZBHPUBEPSFTTJFOWFSEBERVFSFNPT PCUFOFSMBSFDPNQFOTBEFVOBFYQFSJFODJBOVFWB QFOTBNPTRVF MBJEFBNJTNBEFMWJBKF EFMWJBKFBCTPMVUP FTBRVÎMBRVFNFKPS FYQSFTB MB FYQFSJFODJB JONÓWJM EF QFOTBNJFOUP RVF CVTDBNPT SFDSFBS QBSB QSPWPDBS FM NPWJNJFOUP EF QFOTBS 1VFT MB DVFTUJÓOQSJODJQBMEFMBRVFUSBUBFOÙMUJNBJOTUBODJBHistoriografía postmodernaFTEFDÓNPNPWFSTF EFDÓNPQFSGPSBSFMNVSPEFM QFOTBNJFOUPQBSBEFKBSTFEFHPMQFBSMBDBCF[BDPOUSBÊM2VJ[ÃT UPEPEFQFOEBEFDÓNPTFHVJSFMNPWJNJFOUPEFMBDSJTÃMJEB EF DÓNP BDUJWBS VO TBCFSMBSWB RVF OPT QFSNJUB FWJUBS MPT GBMTPT NPWJNJFOUPT RVFOPTFOTFÒFBOPNPWFSOPTEFNBTJBEPQBSBEBS MVHBSBMNPWJNJFOUP "àDJPOBEPBMBIJTUPSJBVOJWFSTBM DVFOUB(JMMFT%FMFV[FRVF MFTPSQSFOEJÓVOBGSBTFEF"SOPME5PZOCFFRVFQBSFDÎBSFUSBUBS DBCBMNFOUFTVFYQFSJFODJBOÓNBEBEFMWJBKFj/ÓNBEBTTPOMPT RVFOPTFNVFWFO TPOBRVFMMPTRVFBGVFS[BEFFTQFSBSTFDPOWJFSUFOFOOÓNBEBT QPSRVFTFOJFHBOBQBSUJSv'JMÓTPGPEFMNPWJNJFOUP B%FMFV[FMPDBVUJWBCBOMBTIJTUPSJBTZMBTOPWFMBT MB JEFBEFMWJBKFBCTPMVUPDPNPFTQFSBEFMBDPOUFDJNJFOUP OPIBZ RVFNPWFSTFNVDIP EFDÎB jQBSBOPFTQBOUBSBMPTEFWFOJSFTv
DPNPQBTJÓOEFMDPODFQUP jFMFTUJMPFOàMPTPGÎBFTFMNPWJNJFOUPEFMDPODFQUPv -PTFYUSFNPTTFUPDBO PCTFSWB+PZDFDeath is the highest form of life &M WJBKF BCTPMVUP OP FT TÓMP MB WJEB NJTNB FT UBNCJÊO BRVFMMP RVF QSFDFEF Z TPCSFQBTB B MB WJEB FTMBMFDUVSBBCTPMVUB RVFTÓMPEFWJFOFQÓTUVNB
ZFTUBNCJÊO 15
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
BRVFMMPRVFJOUFSSVNQFFODBEBDBTPMBTNFNPSJBTZHFPHSBGÎBT MBTHVÎBTZDPOUSBGVFSUFTDPORVFTFCVTDBQSFQBSBSVOWJBKF BVORVFTFBFMEFMBMFDUVSB UBMWF[ FMNÃTQFMJHSPTPEFUPEPT $PNPTFÒBMEFUSÃàDPFTUBBEWFSUFODJBRVJ[ÃSFRVJFSBEFPUSP DPNJFO[P EFPUSBJNBHFODPORVÊEFTUBDBSFMDBSÃDUFSQSPWJTJPOBMZGSBHNFOUBSJPEFFTUFPUSPQPTJDJPOBNJFOUPIJTUPSJPHSÃàDP &MWJBKF TJOEVEB FTVOBJNBHFOQPEFSPTBQBSBJMVTUSBSFMNPWJNJFOUPEFQFOTBSBRVFRVFSFNPTEBSMVHBS1FSP FMWJBKFOP TÓMPFTNPWJNJFOUP OPTÓMPFTUSBWFTÎB UBNCJÊOFTTJOÓOJNPEF DBSHBZTPCSFQFTP-BUBSFBEFQPOEFSBSBRVFMMPRVFTFIBEFMMFWBSBDVFTUBTOPTJFNQSFFTGÃDJM FMDÃMDVMPTFDPOGVOEFNVDIBT WFDFTDPOMBBGFDDJÓO FMpathosZMBDPONPDJÓO/PQPSOBEBMB WJFKBSFUÓSJDBFOTFÒBCBRVFMPTPCKFUJWPTEFMBMJUFSBUVSBOPTÓMP FSBO DBVTBS QMBDFS delectare F JOTUSVJS docere B MPT MFDUPSFT TJOPUBNCJÊODPONPWFSMPT movere 1PSFTUBSB[ÓO ZBUFOEJFOEPBMNPWJNJFOUPRVFCVTDBNPTJNQVMTBS UBMWF[TFBOFDFTBSJP PGSFDFS PUSP QVOUP EF QBSUJEB PUSP QVFSUP EF FNCBSRVF EFTEF EPOEFBDUJWBSGVUVSBTSFWVFMUBTFJOUFSWFODJPOFT OVFWBTGVHBTZ SFTJTUFODJBT &OPUSBTQBMBCSBT MPTBVUPSFTEFFTUBTMFDDJPOFTEBSÎBOQPS DVNQMJEB TV UBSFB TJ B MB NBOFSB EFM MFDUPSJEFBM RVF -VEXJH 8JUUHFOTUFJOQSFàHVSBQBSBFMTractatus logico-philosophicus FM MFDUPSPMFDUPSBEFFTUBHVÎBEFWJBKFQPSMB Historiografía postmoderna TJOUJFSB MB JSSFTJTUJCMF OFDFTJEBE EF FNQSFOEFS PUSPT SFDPSSJEPT EF EBS MVHBS B OVFWPT NPWJNJFOUPT BSSPKBOEP BTÎ jMB FTDBMFSB EFTQVÊT EF IBCFS TVCJEP QPS FMMBv -B JNBHFO FT SFDVSSFOUF DBTJVOMVHBSDPNÙOFOMBEPYBDPOUFNQPSÃOFB QFSP OPIFNPTQPEJEPOJRVFSJEPEFTQSFOEFSOPTEFFMMBFODBEBNPNFOUPEFMBFMBCPSBDJÓOEFFTUFJUJOFSBSJPEFWJBKF-BJNBHFO TJOEVEB ZBQFSUFOFDFBMBSDIJWPDVMUVSBMEFMBTIVNBOJEBEFT QPSFTUBSB[ÓOOPFTUÃEFNÃTWPMWFSBFMMBPUSBWF[BMDPNJFO[P FTEFDJS BMàOBM
16
Historiografía postmoderna
* Historiografía postmoderna
17
Historiografía postmoderna
*)ñûü÷úñ÷ïúéîġéø÷ûüõ÷ìíúöé ýöõéöñîñíûü÷
%íûìí õíìñéì÷û ìí ô÷û éĥ÷û ûíüíöüé EFM TJHMP QBTBEP MBT DJFODJBTTPDJBMFTTFFODVFOUSBOBUSBWFTBOEPQPSMPRVF"OUIPOZ (JEEFOT IB MMBNBEP VO QFSÎPEP EF DSJTJT FTUBCMF1 /P FT GÃDJM EFUFSNJOBSMBTSB[POFTRVFBOJNBOPKVTUJàDBOFTUFMBSHPDVFTUJPOBNJFOUP QFSP FO MP FTFODJBM FMMBT FTUÃO ÎOUJNBNFOUF SFMBDJPOBEBTDPOMBMMBNBEBjDSJTJTEFMBSFQSFTFOUBDJÓOv'JOEFMPT NFUBSSFMBUPT RVJFCSFEFQBSBEJHNBT BHPUBNJFOUPEFMPTNBQBT DPHOJUJWPT TPOTÓMPBMHVOBTEFMBTTFÒBTDPORVFTFJOUFOUBEFTDSJCJSFTUBQSPHSFTJWBQÊSEJEBEFGFFOMBFàDJFODJBZTVàDJFODJB EFMPTSFHJTUSPTFYJTUFOUFTEFJOUFSQSFUBDJÓOEFMBTPDJFEBEZEFMB IJTUPSJB)BZ TJOEVEB OPFTEJGÎDJMBEWFSUJSMP VOUPOPQPTUNPEFSOPEPNJOBOEPMBFTDFOB1VFT FOVOBNFEJEBNVZBNQMJB FMQPTUNPEFSOJTNPWJFOFBSFQSFTFOUBSMBàHVSBEFMTFQVMUVSFSP QBSBUPEBTBRVFMMBTDPODFQDJPOFTEFMNVOEPZEFMBIJTUPSJBCBTBEBTFOMBJEFBEFMBjHSBOUFPSÎBv &OFMÙMUJNPDVBSUPEFMTJHMPXXTFQSPEVKP FOEFàOJUJWB VO EFTFODBOUPPEFTJMVTJÓODPOMBJEFBNPEFSOBEFDJFODJBTPDJBM -BTDBVTBTEFFMMPTPONÙMUJQMFTZEJGÎDJMFTEFJEFOUJàDBS/BUVSBMNFOUF MBDSJTJTHFOFSBMEFMNVOEPEFMBQPTUHVFSSBTFFODVFOUSB FOMPTPSÎHFOFTEFMGFOÓNFOP$POáVZFO BEFNÃT FOFMQMBOPEF MB MFUSB Z FM TJHOP WBSJBOUFT FTQFDÎàDBT DPNP MB GVFSUF QSFTFODJB EFM MFOHVBKF FO MBT EJTDVTJPOFT àMPTÓàDBT DPOUFNQPSÃOFBT FMBCBOEPOPEFMFTUSVDUVSBMJTNP MBDSJTJTEFMBTJEFPMPHÎBTZFM BVHFZDPOTPMJEBDJÓOEFMPRVFTFIBEBEPFOMMBNBSMBTPDJFEBE FOSFE-BNJTNBIJQÓUFTJTRVFSFDPOPDFFOMBTTPDJFEBEFTDPO1
"OUIPOZ (JEEFOT Modernidad e identidad del yo #BSDFMPOB 1FOÎOTVMB 1994.
19
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
UFNQPSÃOFBTFMBWBODFEFVOQSPDFTPBDFMFSBEPEFWJSUVBMJ[BDJÓO ZNFEJBUJ[BDJÓOmWJODVMBEPBVOFTUBEJPEFMBDVMUVSBFOMBDVBM MPTQSPDFTPTEFEFTJHOBDJÓOZEFTJHOJàDBDJÓOTFTVCPSEJOBOBMB MÓHJDBEFMTJHOJàDBOUFm CJFOQVFEFTFSBQVOUBEBBRVÎDPNPVOB JOUFSQSFUBDJÓOQMBVTJCMFEFMBDSJTJTEFSFQSFTFOUBDJÓORVFBGFDUB IPZBMBTDJFODJBTTPDJBMFT "QBSUJSEFFTUFDPOUFYUPEFEJTDVTJPOFT DPOTUJUVJEPQPSVO FTUJMPEFQFOTBNJFOUPRVFEFTDPOGÎBEFMBTOPDJPOFTDMÃTJDBTEF WFSEBE SB[ÓO JEFOUJEBE PCKFUJWJEBEZVOJWFSTBMJEBE2 MBQSFPDVQBDJÓOQPSMBTJHOJàDBDJÓOBMJOUFSJPSEFMBTDJFODJBTTPDJBMFTIB EBEPMVHBSBVOFYUFOTPEFCBUFTPCSFMPTMÎNJUFTEFMBSFQSFTFOUBDJÓOZTPCSFFMUJQPEFEFUFSNJOBDJPOFTFTUSVDUVSBMFTRVFDPOEJDJPOBOZMJNJUBOUPEBQSPEVDDJÓOEFDPOPDJNJFOUP&OFTUFTFOUJEP OPTÓMPTFIBWVFMUPBFYBNJOBSDSÎUJDBNFOUFFMDPNQMFKPEF SFMBDJPOFTRVFMBNPEFSOJEBEFTUBCMFDJÓCBKPMBTTJHOJàDBDJPOFT EFjTBCFSvZjQPEFSv TJOPRVF BMNJTNPUJFNQP TFIBQVFTUP FODVFTUJÓOMBQSPQJBEJTUJODJÓOFOUSFBQBSJFODJBZSFBMJEBE FOUSF JOUFSJPS Z FYUFSJPS RVF TVCZBDÎB B MPT BOÃMJTJT NPEFSOPT EF MB NÃRVJOBEFSFQSFTFOUBDJÓOEFMBJOWFTUJHBDJÓOTPDJBM 5BM WF[ QPS FMMP QPS MB JNQPSUBODJB RVF FTUBT EJTUJODJPOFT UJFOFO BM JOUFSJPS EF UPEP NPEFMP SFQSFTFOUBDJPOBM EF DPOPDJNJFOUP FTRVFIBTJEPFOFMÃNCJUPEFMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBFOEPOEF MBDSJTJTEFMBTDJFODJBTTPDJBMFTTFIBQSFTFOUBEPDPONBZPSSBEJDBMJEBE&MOVFWPIJTUPSJDJTNP MBWVFMUBEFMBOBSSBUJWB ZMBT OVFWBTGPSNBTEFFTDSJUVSBEFMBIJTUPSJB TPOTÓMPBMHVOPTEFMPT JOEJDJPTNÃTFWJEFOUFTEFMBDSJTJTRVFBGFDUBIPZBMBEJTDJQMJOB 1VFT FOFGFDUP EFTEFIBDFZBEPTEÊDBEBTFMQSPCMFNBDFOUSBMEF MBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBOPIBTJEPPUSPRVFSFTQPOEFSBMBQSFHVOUBQPS MBQPTJCJMJEBEEFSFQSFTFOUBSFMQBTBEP4VCZBDFBFTUBQSFHVOUB MBTPTQFDIBEFRVFTJFMEJTDVSTPTFDPOTUSVZFFOWJSUVEEFMBJNQPTJDJÓOEFVOBFTUSVDUVSBEFSFMBUPBVOEFUFSNJOBEPDPOKVOUP EFBDPOUFDJNJFOUPT MBFMFDDJÓOEFMUJQPEFSFMBUPOPFTFYUFSOBP FYUFSJPSBMTJHOJàDBEPEFMPTBDPOUFDJNJFOUPT .ÃTBMMÃEFMDPOTFOTPRVFFYJTUFFOMBBDUVBMJEBEBMNPNFOUPEFJEFOUJàDBSMPTNPUJWPTQSJODJQBMFTEFMBMMBNBEBjDSJTJTEF MBTDJFODJBTTPDJBMFTv MPDJFSUPFTRVFDPJODJEFOUFNFOUFBQBSUJS 2
5FSSZ &BHMFUPO Las ilusiones del posmodernismo #VFOPT "JSFT 1BJEÓT 1997.
20
Historiografía postmoderna
EFMPTBÒPTTFUFOUBEFMTJHMPQBTBEPTFIBQSPEVDJEPVOEFTQMB[BNJFOUPFOFMÃNCJUPEFMBTQSFPDVQBDJPOFTEFMBàMPTPGÎBZMB FQJTUFNPMPHÎBEFMBIJTUPSJB&TUFEFTQMB[BNJFOUPIBTJEPDBSBDUFSJ[BEP NVDIBT WFDFT CBKP FM UÊSNJOP EF jHJSP MJOHÛÎTUJDPv FOSB[ÓOEFMBDSFDJFOUFBUFODJÓORVFFMMFOHVBKFZMBOBSSBDJÓO UJFOFO FO MPT BOÃMJTJT NFUBIJTUPSJPHSÃàDPT EF MB EJTDJQMJOB 4JO EVEBBMHVOB FTUFHJSPPWJSBKFIBDJBFMUFYUPZMBOBSSBDJÓOOP FT FYDMVTJWP EF MB EJTDJQMJOB IJTUPSJPHSÃàDB Z QVFEF NVZ CJFO TFSDBSBDUFSJ[BEPDPNPFMTÎOUPNBEFVOBNVUBDJÓOPGSBDUVSB FOFMQFOTBNJFOUPàMPTÓàDPZTPDJBMEFMTJHMPXX&OMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎB TJOFNCBSHP FMHJSPMJOHÛÎTUJDPOPTÓMPIBTVQVFTUPVOB DSJTJTQBSBEJHNÃUJDBFOMBEJTDJQMJOB FOFMDBNQPEFQSPCMFNÃUJDBTRVFPSHBOJ[BCBOTVTPQFSBDJPOFTEFDPOPDJNJFOUP TJOPRVF BEFNÃTIBTVQVFTUPVOBHSBOBNFOB[BBMBJEFOUJEBEEJTDJQMJOBS EFMBIJTUPSJB*EFOUJEBEDPOTUJUVJEBBQBSUJSEFVOBGVFSUFBMJBO[B DPOMBTDJFODJBTTPDJBMFT&TUBBMJBO[BDBCFSFDPSEBSMPQFSNJUJÓ FTUBCJMJ[BSMBJEFOUJEBEEJTDJQMJOBSEFMBIJTUPSJBDPNPjDJFODJB IJTUÓSJDBv BMFKÃOEPMB EF MB àMPTPGÎB MB MJUFSBUVSB Z MB àMPMPHÎB RVFBàOBMFTEFMTJHMP9*9QBSFDÎBODPOGPSNBSTVFTQBDJPOBUVSBM EFFOVODJBDJÓO-BQSPQJBEJTUJODJÓOFOUSFDJFODJBTOPNPUÊUJDBT ZDJFODJBTJEJPHSÃàDBT BDVÒBEBQPSFMOFPLBOUJTNPBMFNÃOEF àOFT EFM TJHMP 9*9 EB DVFOUB EF FTUB BMJBO[B QSJNJHFOJB FOUSF IJTUPSJBZIVNBOJEBEFT"MJBO[BRVFGVFSPUBBNFEJBEPTEFMPT BÒPTDVBSFOUBEFMTJHMPQBTBEP BQBSUJSEFMBDSFDJFOUFIFHFNPOÎBEFMBFTDVFMBEFAnnalesFOMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBNVOEJBM$BCF SFDPSEBSRVFFTUBIFHFNPOÎBFTUÃÎOUJNBNFOUFBTPDJBEBBMEFTBSSPMMPRVFMBTDJFODJBTTPDJBMFTUVWJFSPOEVSBOUFFMDPSUPTJHMPXX ZRVFOPFTJOEJGFSFOUFBMQBQFMRVFFTUBTDJFODJBTCVTDBSPOKVHBS FOMBTHVFSSBTDVMUVSBMFTEFMTJHMP 4JFMTJHMP XXUFSNJOBDPOMBDBÎEBEFMNVSPEF#FSMÎO UBMZ DPNP BàSNB &SJD )PCTCBXN P TJ QPS FM DPOUSBSJP FTUF TJHMP UFSNJOBDPOFMàOBMEFMBMBSHBEÊDBEBEFMPTTFTFOUB DPNPQJFOTBOFOUSFPUSPT'SFESJD+BNFTPOZ"MBJO#BEJPV MPDJFSUPFTRVF DPJODJEFOUFNFOUFFMàOBMEFMTJHMPXXQBSFDFDPJODJEJSDPOFMàO EF MB NPEFSOJEBE"UFOJÊOEPOPT B FTUB UFTJT QPESÎB BEWFSUJSTF RVFIJTUPSJPHSÃàDBNFOUFFMàOEFTJHMPTVQPOFVOBUSJQMFSVQUVSB FOFMPSEFOEFMQFOTBNJFOUPNPEFSOP3VQUVSBEFMBTBMJBO[BT RVFPSHBOJ[BSPOMBQSPEVDDJÓOEFDPOPDJNJFOUPDJFOUÎàDPFOMB
21
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
NPEFSOJEBESVQUVSBEFMBTVOJEBEFTEFQSPEVDDJÓORVFPSHBOJ[BSPOUBOUPMBEJWJTJÓOTPDJBMEFMUSBCBKPFOFMDBNQPDJFOUÎàDP DPNPMPTQSPDFTPTEFMFHJUJNBDJÓOEFMBQSPEVDDJÓOEFFTFDPOPDJNJFOUPSVQUVSBEFMBDBEFOBEFDBUFHPSÎBTRVFFTUSVDUVSBCBO MBT QSPYJNJEBEFT Z EJTUBODJBT FOUSF QPEFS Z DPOPDJNJFOUP FOUSFSB[ÓOZFNBODJQBDJÓO&TUBUSJQMFSVQUVSBQVFEFTFSUBNCJÊO BQSFIFOEJEBDPNPVOBNVUBDJÓOPUSBOTGPSNBDJÓO QFSPMPDJFSUPFTRVFFMMBTFÒBMBVODBNCJPEFÊQPDBRVFIPZTFBTPDJBmZB TJOEJTDVTJÓOmDPOMBQPTUNPEFSOJEBE -JNJUBOEPFMBOÃMJTJTBMPSEFOEFMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎB DBCFEFTUBDBSRVFFMHJSPMJOHÛÎTUJDPFOMBEJTDJQMJOBDPJODJEFUFNQPSBMNFOUFDPOFMàOEFTJHMPZDPOFMàOEFMBNPEFSOJEBE&OFGFDUP QVFEFEFDJSTFRVFMPTPSÎHFOFTEFMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBQPTUNPEFSOB FTUÃOÎOUJNBNFOUFBTPDJBEPTBMBQVCMJDBDJÓOEFUSFTMJCSPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTRVFUFOESÃOFGFDUPTEFWBTUBEPSFTTPCSFFMDBOPOEF MB SFQSFTFOUBDJÓO IJTUPSJBEPSB NPEFSOB 5SFT MJCSPT RVF EFTEF EJTUJOUPTQVOUPTEFWJTUBBCSJSÃOMBEJTDVTJÓOFQJTUFNPMÓHJDBEF MBIJTUPSJBOPTPMPBMBQSPCMFNÃUJDBEFMDBOPOIJTUPSJPHSÃàDP TJOPRVFBUSBWÊTEFFTUBQSPCMFNÃUJDB FOVOUSBCBKPEFQFSGPSBDJÓOPEFDBQUVSBEFMFMFNFOUPJNQFOTBEPEFMBNJTNB BCSJSÃO EJDIB EJTDVTJÓO BM QSPCMFNB EF MB QSPEVDDJÓO EF WBMPS FO IJTUPSJPHSBGÎB BMPRVFQPESÎBMMBNBSTFFMUSBCBKPEFWBMPSJ[BDJÓO IJTUPSJPHSÃàDBEFMPTPCKFUPTZMBUFNQPSBMJEBE&MQSJNFSPEF FTUPTMJCSPTQFSUFOFDFB1BVM7FZOF ZMMFWBQPSUÎUVMPComment on écrit l’histoire. Essai d’epistémologie &MTFHVOEPMJCSP GVF QVCMJDBEP FO JOHMÊT B DPNJFO[PT EF MPT BÒPT TFUFOUB Z FT PCSB EF VO IJTUPSJBEPS FTUBEPVOJEFOTF EF NFEJBOB FEBE DVZB UFTJT EPDUPSBM TF IBCÎB DFOUSBEP FO MPT QSPCMFNBT EFM QBQBEP SPNBOPEFDPNJFO[PTEFMTJHMP9** ZFOMBJOáVFODJBRVFàHVSBT DPNP#FSOBSEPEF$MBJSWBVYIBCÎBOUFOJEPFOMBSFGPSNBEFMB JHMFTJBSPNBOB&MMJCSPFTMetahistory. The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe
ZTVBVUPS)BZEFO 8IJUF"QFOBT DPO EPT BÒPT EF EJGFSFODJB QFSP FTDSJUP FO VO VOJWFSTPJOUFMFDUVBMQBSBMFMPBMEF)BZEFO8IJUF FMIJTUPSJBEPS ZQTJDPBOBMJTUBGSBODÊT .JDIFMEF$FSUFBV EBBMBTQSFOTBTFO 1BSÎT L’écriture de l’histoire -BQVCMJDBDJÓOEFFTUPTUSFT MJCSPTDPJODJEFDPOFMàOEFMBMBSHBEÊDBEBEFMPTBÒPTTFTFOUB FTEFDJS DPOFMUÊSNJOPEFMÙMUJNPDJDMPEFNPWJMJ[BDJPOFTZNP-
22
Historiografía postmoderna
WJNJFOUPTSFWPMVDJPOBSJPTRVFDJFSSBOFMTJHMP XXZMBNPEFSOJEBE3. %FBIÎRVFEFTEFDJFSUBQFSTQFDUJWBMBQVCMJDBDJÓOEFFTUPT USBCBKPTQVFEBMFFSTFDPNPBOUJDJQBEPSBEFVODBNCJPEFQBSBEJHNBFOFMBOÃMJTJTEFMBUSBEJDJÓODSÎUJDB FTEFDJS DPNPUFYUPT RVF BTVNPEP CVTDBODPOEJWFSTBTIFSSBNJFOUBTBUSBWFTBSMB GBOUBTÎBJEFPMÓHJDBEFMBIJTUPSJBQBSBBEFOUSBSTFFOMPTNPEPT EFQSPEVDDJÓOZSFQSPEVDDJÓOEFTVSFQSFTFOUBDJÓO &TUFNPWJNJFOUPOPFTVONPWJNJFOUPBJTMBEPFOMBEJTDJQMJOB QVFT QPESÎBBEWFSUJSTFRVFMPTPSÎHFOFTEFMB/VFWB)JTUPSJB FOQBÎTFTDPNP$IJMFP*OHMBUFSSB UJFOFDPNPQVOUPEFQBSUJEB MBNJTNBDBUÃTUSPGFIJTUÓSJDBRVFDBSBDUFSJ[ÓFTFTJHMPEFFYUSFNPTSFMBUBEPQPS)PCTCBXN2VJ[ÃTMPEJTUJOUJWPEFFTUPTUSFT USBCBKPT EFTEFFMQVOUPEFWJTUBEFTVàMJBDJÓOJOUFMFDUVBM TFB MBJNQPSUBODJBRVFUVWPFODBEBVOPEFFMMPTMBPCSBEF.JDIFM 'PVDBVMU &O FGFDUP FTUB BàSNBDJÓO FT WÃMJEB OP TÓMP QBSB MB PCSBEF1BVM7FZOF RVJFOEFTMVNCSBEPQPSFMQFOTBNJFOUPEF 'PVDBVMUFTDSJCJSÃBMHVOPTBÒPTNÃTUBSEF BQSPQÓTJUPEFMBQVCMJDBDJÓOEFL’Archéologie du savoir
VOFOTBZPUJUVMBEP Foucault révolutionne l’histoire4TJOPRVFUBNCJÊOQVFEFBQMJDBSTFDPOQSPQJFEBEBMUSBCBKPEF.JDIFMEF$FSUFBV PCSBRVF QVFEFMFFSTFDPNPVOEJÃMPHPJOJOUFSSVNQJEPDPOFMQFOTBNJFOUPGPVDBVMUJBOP&OFGFDUP ZBEFTEFFMQSJNFSZFYUFOTPDPNFOUBSJPRVF%F$FSUFBVEFEJDBSBBLes mots et les choses
IBTUB BRVFM UFYUP RVF FM IJTUPSJBEPS FTDSJCJFSB FO IPNFOBKF BM BNJHPEFTBQBSFDJEPBNFEJBEPTEFMPTBÒPTPDIFOUB5 TFPCTFSWB VOBQSFPDVQBDJÓOBGÎOQPSJOUFSSPHBSMBTQSÃDUJDBTZEJTQPTJUJWPT EFMBJOTUJUVDJÓOIJTUPSJBEPSB QPSEFTDSJCJSMPTQSPHSBNBTEFQP-
3
4
5
'SFESJD+BNFTPO j1FSJPEJ[JOHUIFv The Ideologies of Theory: Essays 1971-1986 WPM The Syntax of History .JOOFBQPMJT 6OJWFSTJUZPG.JOOFTPUB QQ -BQSPYJNJEBEDPOMBTUFTJTGPVDBVMUJBOBTFTUBMRVF7FZOFBÒBEFBMBSFFEJDJÓOEFTVPCSBEFCPMTJMMP FO FMFOTBZPFTDSJUPVOUJFNQPBOUFT TPCSF'PVDBVMU7ÊBTF 1BVM7FZOF j'PVDBVMUSÊWPMVUJPOOFMIJTUPJSFv Comment on écrit l’histoire 1BSÎT -F4FVJM 1PJOUTIJTUPJSF QQ "TJNJTNP FT EF HSBO JOUFSÊT TV SFDJFOUF QSFTFOUBDJÓO EF 'PVDBVMU DPNP jun penseur sceptiquev"M SFTQFDUP 1BVM7FZOF Foucault. Sa pensée, sa personne 1BSÎT "MCJO.JDIFM .JDIFMEF$FSUFBV j-FSJSFEF.JDIFM'PVDBVMUv Histoire et psychanalyse 1BSÎT EJUJPOT(BMMJNBSE QQ
23
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
EFSZWFSEBERVFFTUBTQSÃDUJDBTBDUVBMJ[BOZMPTFGFDUPTRVFFTUPT QSPHSBNBTUJFOFOTPCSFMBWJEBZMPTDVFSQPT-BPCSBEF)BZEFO 8IJUF QPSPUSBQBSUF TJCJFOQPSNPNFOUPTQBSFDFPSHBOJ[BEBB QBSUJSEFVOBDPOWFSTBDJÓOBCJFSUBDPOMBHSBOUSBEJDJÓOFVSPQFB RVF WB EF7JDP B .BSY EF $SPDF B $PMMJOHXPPE EF"VFSCBDIB#BSUIFT JHVBMNFOUFQBSFDFJODPODFCJCMFTJOMBSFGFSFODJBBM NBSDPEFMBOÃMJTJTGPVDBVMUJBOP-PTMBSHPTFTUVEJPTRVF8IJUF DPOTBHSBB'PVDBVMUFOThe Content of the Form6ZFOTropics of Discourse7EBODVFOUBEFMBJNQPSUBODJBRVFFMàMÓTPGPGSBODÊT UJFOFFOFMQSPZFDUPUSPQPMÓHJDPEFMetahistory&TNÃT KVHBOEP VOQPDPDPOMPTTJHOJàDBOUFTZMPTEFTQMB[BNJFOUPT QPESÎBEFDJSTFRVF'PVDBVMUSFQSFTFOUBQBSB8IJUFMBQPTJCJMJEBENFUPOÎNJDBEFVOQVOUPEFOPSFUPSOPFOFMBOÃMJTJTEFMBTQSÃDUJDBTEF MBJOTUJUVDJÓOIJTUPSJBEPSB FMSFMFWPBQPUSPQBJDPRVFQFSNJUJSÎB JONVOJ[BSFMUSBCBKPEFEFDPOTUSVDDJÓOEFMBTFTUSBUFHJBTUFYUVBMFTEFMBQSÃDUJDBIJTUPSJBEPSB GSFOUFBDVBMRVJFSUFOUBDJÓOEFMB EJTDJQMJOBQPSSFUPSOBSBMBDPODJFODJBIJTUÓSJDBEFMTJHMP9*9. -B SFMFWBODJB EFM NFUBUFYUP GPVDBVMUJBOP FO MBT USFT PCSBT TFÒBMBEBTTFBEWJFSUFDMBSBNFOUFFOMBjBQFSUVSBBSRVFPMÓHJDBv RVF MBT USFT PCSBT QPTJCJMJUBO B VO QSPHSBNB QPTUNPEFSOP EF EFDPOTUSVDDJÓO EF MB JOTUJUVDJÓO IJTUPSJBEPSB 4FB DVBM TFB TV BMDBODF TFB DVBMFT GVFSFO MPT GVOEBNFOUPT FOVODJBEPT FO FTF QSPHSBNBEFEFDPOTUSVDDJÓOEFMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎB MPDJFSUPFTRVF TVEFTBSSPMMPIBQFSNJUJEPBEWFSUJSMBTMJNJUBDJPOFTEFUPEPUSBCBKPDSÎUJDPBMJOUFSJPSEFMPRVF(BZBUSJ$IBLSBWPSUZ4QJWBLIB EFOPNJOBEPMBjNÃRVJOBQFEBHÓHJDBv &OPUSBTQBMBCSBT FMDVFTUJPOBNJFOUPBMBJOTUJUVDJÓORVFTF BEJWJOBFOMBQSÃDUJDBEFMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBQPTUNPEFSOB FOUFOEJEBFTUBDPNPQSÃDUJDBEFDPOTUSVDUJWB FTEFDJS DPNPQSÃDUJDB QBSBTJUBSJBZTVQMFNFOUBSJBBMPTEJTQPTJUJWPTEFTBCFSEJTDJQMJOBS OPUJFOFPUSBàOBMJEBERVFMBEFEFTNPOUBSMBTFTUSVDUVSBT EFQPEFSRVFPSHBOJ[BOMPTNPEPTEFFOVODJBDJÓOZEFSFQSFTFO6
7
)BZEFO 8IJUF j'PVDBVMUT %JTDPVSTF 5IF )JTUPSJPHSBQIZ PG "OUJ)VNBOJTNv The Content of the Form: Narrative Discourse and Historical Representation #BMUJNPSF 5IF+PIOT)PQLJOT6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT QQ 104-141. )BZEFO8IJUF j'PVDBVMU%FDPEFE/PUFTGSPN6OEFSHSPVOEv Tropics of Discourse. Essays in Cultural Criticism #BMUJNPSF 5IF+PIOT)PQLJOT6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT QQ
24
Historiografía postmoderna
UBDJÓOEFMB)JTUPSJB&TUPTEJTQPTJUJWPTOPTPMPFTUÃOGVOEBEPT FOSFMBDJPOFTEFQPEFSFKFSDJEBTDPOCSVUBMJEBEPSFàOBNJFOUPBM JOUFSJPSEFMBJOTUJUVDJÓOIJTUPSJBEPSB TJOPRVF BEFNÃT PSHBOJ[BOTVFàDBDJBBQBSUJSEFDJFSUBDFHVFSBTPCSFMPTQSPQJPTFGFDUPT QFSGPSNBUJWPTEFMBSFQSFTFOUBDJÓOIJTUPSJBEPSB&TUBBàSNBDJÓO PCMJHB B MFFS B 'PVDBVMU KVOUP DPO %FSSJEB8 &YUSBÒB QPS FMMP RVF,FJUI+FOLJOT UBMWF[VOPEFMPTQSJODJQBMFTJNQVMTPSFTFO MFOHVB JOHMFTB EF VO QSPHSBNB EF IJTUPSJPHSBGÎB QPTUNPEFSOB HVBSEFTJMFODJPTPCSFMBJNQPSUBODJBEFMBPCSBGPVDBVMUJBOBFO MBSFEFàOJDJÓOEFMPTBOÃMJTJTEFMBTJOTUJUVDJPOFTZQSÃDUJDBTEFM TBCFS NPEFSOP9 &TUF TJMFODJP TJOUPNÃUJDP EF DJFSUB MFDUVSB EF MBQSPCMFNÃUJDBQPTUNPEFSOBFOIJTUPSJPHSBGÎB QVFEFTFSJOUFSQSFUBEP DPNP VOB DFHVFSB GSFOUF B MBT USBOTGPSNBDJPOFT EF MB SFMBDJÓOQPEFSDPOPDJNJFOUPFOFMDBNQPEFMBQPTUNPEFSOJEBE &YQSFTBEPFOPUSPTUÊSNJOPT MPRVFWJFOFBTPNFUFSTFBVOBEFDPOTUSVDDJÓOSBEJDBMFOMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBQPTUNPEFSOBOPFTTPMP MBQSPQJBOPDJÓOEF)JTUPSJB DPOTUJUVJEBÊTUBQPSGVFSBEFUPEP USBCBKPEFSFQSFTFOUBDJÓO
TJOPRVFFTQPSTPCSFUPEPMBNBRVJOBSJB SFQSFTFOUBDJPOBM RVF PSHBOJ[B FM DVFSQP EF TBCFSFT EF MB IJTUPSJPHSBGÎB&TUBEFDPOTUSVDDJÓOQBSBEÓKJDBNFOUFTVQPOFVOB IJTUPSJ[BDJÓOSBEJDBMEFMBTQSÃDUJDBTIJTUPSJBEPSBT EFMBTDBUFHPSÎBTRVFMBDPOGPSNBO ZEFMKVFHPEFPQPTJDJPOFTZSFMBDJPOFT RVFPSHBOJ[BOFMUSBCBKPEFWBMPSJ[BDJÓOPEFDSFBDJÓOEFWBMPS FO MB JOTUJUVDJÓO IJTUPSJBEPSB 1VFT MB QSPQJB JEFB EF )JTUPSJB TVQPOFEFTEFVOQSJODJQJP VOQSPDFTPEFWBMPSJ[BDJÓOEFMBWJEB VOUSBCBKPEFDSFBDJÓOEFWBMPSRVFOPFTFYUFSOPBMBNÃRVJOB BOUSPQPHÊOJDBEFQSPEVDDJÓOEFMPIVNBOP 6OBOÃMJTJTEFDPOTUSVDUJWPEFMBTSFMBDJPOFTEFQPEFSZDPOPDJNJFOUP BM JOUFSJPS EF MB IJTUPSJPHSBGÎB SFRVJFSF QPS UBOUP FYBNJOBS FM UÎNQBOP RVF SFHVMB MP FOVODJBCMF Z MP BVEJCMF FO FMFTQBDJPEFMBEJTDJQMJOB DPNPEFTNPOUBSFMDPOKVOUPEFDBUFHPSÎBTRVFPSHBOJ[BOFTFNJTNPUSBCBKPEFDSÎUJDBZBOÃMJTJT EF DMÎOJDBZFTDVDIB
8
9
(BZBUSJ$IBLSBWPSUZ4QJWBL j.PSFPO1PXFS,OPXMFEHFv Outside in the Teaching Machine -POESFT 3PVEUMFEHF Q ,FJUI +FOLJOT Why History? Ethics and postmodernity -POESFT 3PVUMFEHF
25
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
%FBIÎRVFMBNÃYJNBEFj`IJTUPSJ[BSTJFNQSFv Always historicize!
RVF'SFESJD+BNFTPOQPQVMBSJ[BSBBDPNJFO[PTEFMPT BÒPT PDIFOUB EFM TJHMP QBTBEP10 OP TFB TVàDJFOUF BM NPNFOUP EF FOGSFOUBS MB DSJTJT DBUFHPSJBM EFM QFOTBNJFOUP IJTUÓSJDP NPEFSOP Z EF MBT GPSNBT OBSSBUJWBT DMÃTJDBT RVF PSHBOJ[BCBO TV SFQSFTFOUBDJÓO &O PUSBT QBMBCSBT MB IJTUPSJ[BDJÓO SBEJDBM QSPQVFTUBQPS+BNFTPOEFCFOFDFTBSJBNFOUFTFSPCKFUPBTVWF[EF VO USBCBKP EF IJTUPSJ[BDJÓO SBEJDBM RVF CVTRVF JOUFSSVNQJS FM NJTNPUSBCBKPEFIJTUPSJ[BDJÓOSBEJDBMRVFMBEFNBOEBEFhistorización TVQPOF &TUF MMBNBEP B TBCPUFBS MB NÃRVJOB IJTUPSJPHSÃàDB PCFEFDF B MB OFDFTJEBE EF QBSBMJ[BS P JOUFSSVNQJS FM USBCBKPSFQSFTFOUBDJPOBMEFMBJOTUJUVDJÓOIJTUPSJBEPSB*OUFSSVQDJÓORVFTVSHFQSFDJTBNFOUFEFMBFYJHFODJBQPMÎUJDBEFTVTQFOEFS MPT FGFDUPT OPSNBMJ[BEPSFT RVF MB SFQSFTFOUBDJÓO IJTUÓSJDB DPNQPSUBFODVBOUPPSEFOEFTJHOJàDBDJÓO"QBSUJSEFMPEJDIP QVFEFBEWFSUJSTFRVFMBBUFODJÓOQSFEPNJOBOUFRVFMPTEFCBUFT IJTUPSJPHSÃàDPTBDUVBMFTEBOBMQSPCMFNBEFMBSFQSFTFOUBDJÓO OPTPMPFTJOEJDBUJWBEFVOBDSJTJTEFMPTQBSBEJHNBTTFNJÓUJDPT DPORVFMBEJTDJQMJOBBDPTUVNCSBCBPSHBOJ[BSMBFYQFSJFODJBIJTUÓSJDBNPEFSOB TJOPRVFFTUBBUFODJÓOFYBTQFSBEBFOUPSOPBMB SFQSFTFOUBDJÓO IJTUÓSJDB FT TÎOUPNB BEFNÃT EF VOB SVQUVSB EF MBQSPQJBFYQFSJFODJBNPEFSOB2VFFTUBSVQUVSBTFBQSPEVDUP EFUSBOTGPSNBDJPOFTUFMFUFDOPMÓHJDBTRVFBGFDUBOMBTNBOFSBTEF IBDFSZTFOUJS RVFFTUBSVQUVSBEÊDVFOUBEFVOBUSBOTGPSNBDJÓO FOFMNPEPEFQSPEVDDJÓOEFMBTIJTUPSJBT OPRVJFSFEFDJSPUSB DPTBRVFMBJOUFSQFOFUSBDJÓOFOUSFSB[ÓOEFMPTIFDIPTZSB[ÓO EFMBTIJTUPSJBTQSPQJBEFMBÊQPDBNPEFSOBIBMMFHBEPBTVàO &MàOEFMBFYQFSJFODJBNPEFSOBSFBCSFMBWJFKBDVFTUJÓOEF MBTSFMBDJPOFTFOUSFBDPOUFDJNJFOUPFJOTDSJQDJÓO FOUSFMJUFSBSJFEBE F IJTUPSJDJEBE : NÃT BNQMJBNFOUF FM àO EF MB FYQFSJFODJBNPEFSOBBEWJFSUFBMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBRVFMBMJUFSBSJFEBEFTMB DPOEJDJÓOBMNJTNPUJFNQPEFMBQSPEVDDJÓOEFMPTFOVODJBEPT MJUFSBSJPTZEFMPTFOVODJBEPTIJTUPSJPHSÃàDPT-BQSÃDUJDBMJUFSBSJB TVTSFWPMVDJPOFTQPÊUJDBTZTVTSVQUVSBTNPEFSOJTUBT OP EFàOFOTPMPFMSÊHJNFOEFMBQBMBCSBMJUFSBSJB TJOPRVFEFàOFO UBNCJÊO MPT SFHÎNFOFT EF JOUFOTJEBE TFOTJCMF MPT NBQBT EF MP 10
'SFESJD +BNFTPO The Political Unconscious *UIBDB $PSOFMM 6OJWFSTJUZ 1SFTT
26
Historiografía postmoderna
WJTJCMF MBTUSBZFDUPSJBTFOUSFMPWJTJCMFZMPEFDJCMF MBTSFMBDJPOFTFOUSFMPTNPEPTEFTFS MPTNPEPTEFIBDFSZMPTNPEPTEF EFDJS11%FàOFO FOPUSPTUÊSNJOPT WBSJBDJPOFTEFJOUFOTJEBEFT TFOTJCMFT QFSDFQDJPOFTZDBQBDJEBEFTEFMPTDVFSQPT GPSNBTEF MPFOVODJBCMF-BJOTUJUVDJÓOIJTUPSJBEPSB TJOEVEB TJFNQSFIB CVTDBEPJOEFQFOEJ[BSTFEFTVDPOEJDJÓOMJUFSBSJB TJFNQSFIBJOUFOUBEPSFQVEJBSMBQBUFSOJEBERVFTPCSFFMMBFKFSDFMBMJUFSBUVSB 4JOFNCBSHP BUBEBBMBQBMBCSBZBMBQSPTBDPNPFTUÃ TVKFUB BVOEFUFSNJOBEPSÊHJNFOEFWFSEBERVFMFJNQPOFVONPEFMP OBSSBUJWP EF SFQSFTFOUBDJÓO IFSFEBEP EFM SFBMJTNP MJUFSBSJP EF MB HSBO OPWFMB EFM TJHMP 9*9 MB JOTUJUVDJÓO IJTUPSJBEPSB OP IB QPEJEP ZOPQVFEF EBSDVFOUBEFFTBSVQUVSBEFMBFYQFSJFODJB NPEFSOBRVFMBTUSBOTGPSNBDJPOFTTFNJÓUJDBTZUFMFUFDOPMÓHJDBT BEWJFSUFO-PTFKFNQMPTTFEFKBOWFSBRVÎZBMMÃ DPONPWJFOEPMB OPDJÓONJTNBEFjBDPOUFDJNJFOUPIJTUÓSJDPv QJFESBBOHVMBSEFM FEJàDJPEFMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBNPEFSOB y$ÓNPQVFEFFTUBSMBJOTUJUVDJÓOIJTUPSJBEPSBSFUSBTBEBSFTQFDUP EF TV QSPQJB NVFSUF y$ÓNP QVFEF MB QSÃDUJDB IJTUPSJPHSÃàDBPSHBOJ[BSFMwakeEFTVFTDSJUVSB TJ BUVSEJEBQPSFMOVEP FOUSF MJUFSBSJFEBE Z BDPOUFDJNJFOUP OP MPHSB BEWFSUJS FM àO EF VOBQSÃDUJDBEFFTDSJUVSB 4FIBEJDIPRVFMBQPTUNPEFSOJEBETFDBSBDUFSJ[BQPSTFSFM jUJFNQPEFMPTNBOJàFTUPTv124JOEVEB MBBàSNBDJÓOEBDVFOUB EFMPTJOUFOUPTBDUVBMFTEFMBTQSÃDUJDBTDJFOUÎàDBTZQPMÎUJDBTQPS BQSFIFOEFSMBÊQPDB QPSBTJSMBTPNCSBRVFBDPNQBÒBMPDPOUFNQPSÃOFP4JOEVEB MBNJTNBOPDJÓOEFj.BOJàFTUPvTFFODVFOUSBTVKFUBBRVÎBVOBUPSTJÓOSBEJDBM BVOBBMUFSBDJÓOFOTV GPSNBPMJUFSBSJFEBETJRVJFSFEBSDVFOUBEFMDBSÃDUFSFTQFDUSBMEF MPDPOUFNQPSÃOFP1VFTEFFTPTFUSBUB EFBTJSFMBDPOUFDJNJFOUP IJTUÓSJDP EFEBSDVFOUBEFÊMFOMBWJHJMJBEFMEVFMP 4J MB QPTUNPEFSOJEBE TF DBSBDUFSJ[B QPS MB QSPGVTJÓO EF àMPTPGÎBT EFM BDPOUFDJNJFOUP FT QPSRVF MB NJTNB OPDJÓO EF BDPOUFDJNJFOUPRVFEFàOÎBMPNPEFSOPTFFODVFOUSBBMUFSBEBP DPONPWJEBFOMBFTQFDUSBMJEBEEFMQSFTFOUF:BTFEFàOBFMBDPO-
11
+BDRVFT3BODJÍSF Le partage du sensible 1BSÎT -B'BCSJRVF )BZEFO8IJUF j.BOJGFTUP UJNFv ,FJUI +FOLJOT 4VF .PSHBOE BOE"MVO .VOTMPX FET
Manifestos for History -POESFT 3PVUMFEHF QQ 220-231.
12
27
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
UFDJNJFOUP DPNP BMHP OP QSFTFOUF QFSP RVF CVTDB EBSTF FO MP RVFFTUÃQSFTFOUF ZBTFMPEFàOBDPNPDPOUSBSJPBMPTIFDIPT QFSPSFBMJ[ÃOEPTFFOFMMPT BERVJSJFOEPBDUVBMJEBEZQSFTFODJBFO FMMPT QFSPJOWBSJBCMFNFOUFEFGPSNBQSPWJTJPOBMZNPEJàDBCMF TJFNQSFTFUSBUBEFFMBCPSBSVODPODFQUPEFBDPOUFDJNJFOUPQPS GVFSBEFMBMFZEFMBUFNQPSBMJEBE EFVOBDPOUFDJNJFOUPTJFNQSF QPSWFOJS TJFNQSFTVTQFOEJEPFOFMNPNFOUPEFTVSFBMJ[BDJÓO -B BOHVTUJB RVF QSPEVDF MB SFQSFTFOUBDJÓO EFM BDPOUFDJNJFOUP FOMBQPTUNPEFSOJEBEFTUÃÎOUJNBNFOUFBTPDJBEBBMQSPCMFNBEF MBJOTDSJQDJÓOEFMBDPOUFDJNJFOUP BMBMJUFSBSJFEBEQPSWFOJSRVF PSHBOJ[BSÃMPTNPEPTEFTVSFQSFTFOUBDJÓO .ÃT BÙO DPNP FTDSJCF )BZEFO 8IJUF FO Tropics of Discourse FMBDPOUFDJNJFOUPIJTUÓSJDP USBEJDJPOBMNFOUFDPODFCJEP DPNPVOBDPOUFDJNJFOUPRVFGVFOPTPMPPCTFSWBCMFTJOPUBNCJÊOPCTFSWBEP FTQPSEFàOJDJÓOVOBDPOUFDJNJFOUPRVFZBOPFT NÃTPCTFSWBCMFZ QPSUBOUP OPQVFEFTFSWJSDPNPPCKFUPEFVO DPOPDJNJFOUPUBOTFHVSPDPNPFMEFMPTBDPOUFDJNJFOUPTQSFTFOUFT MPTDVBMFTBÙOQVFEFOTFSPCTFSWBEPT1FSPFTBRVÎ DPOUJOVB 8IJUF EPOEF MB EJTUJODJÓO FOUSF IFDIP Z BDPOUFDJNJFOUP EFCF TFSTVCSBZBEB-BOPDJÓOEFBDPOUFDJNJFOUPIJTUÓSJDPIBTVGSJEPVOBUSBOTGPSNBDJÓOSBEJDBMDPNPSFTVMUBEPEFMBPDVSSFODJB FOFMTJHMP XXEFBDPOUFDJNJFOUPTEFVOBMDBODF FTDBMBZQSPGVOEJEBEJOJNBHJOBCMFTQBSBIJTUPSJBEPSFTEFPUSPTUJFNQPT%F JHVBMNPEP FMTJHMPXXIBTJEPUFTUJHPEFVOEFTNBOUFMBNJFOUP EFM DPODFQUP EF BDPOUFDJNJFOUP DPNP PCKFUP EF DPOPDJNJFOUP FTQFDÎàDBNFOUFDJFOUÎàDP13-BTUSBOTGPSNBDJPOFTUFMFUFDOPNFEJÃUJDBTEFMBTPDJFEBEDPOUFNQPSÃOFBTVQPOFO OFDFTBSJBNFOUF USBOTGPSNBDJPOFTPGSBDUVSBTJOJNBHJOBCMFTFOMPTNPEPTEF SFHJTUSP DPOTJHOBDJÓO àHVSBDJÓO MFDUVSBFJOUFSQSFUBDJÓOEFMPT BDPOUFDJNJFOUPT &TUB BàSNBDJÓO JODVNCF QSJODJQBMNFOUF B MB IJTUPSJB TJTFIBEFBEWFSUJSRVFMBEJTDJQMJOBIJTUPSJPHSÃàDBOPFT TJOPFMSFTVMUBEPEFVOBSFWPMVDJÓOUFMFUFDOPNFEJÃUJDB 1PSPUSBQBSUF MBQSPQJBEJTUJODJÓOFOUSFMPTBTQFDUPTGFOPNÊOJDPTEFMBDPOUFDJNJFOUP TVFYUFSJPS ZTVTFOUJEPPTJHOJàDBEP TVJOUFSJPS IBTJEPTFSJBNFOUFDVFTUJPOBEBFOMBTEJTDVTJPOFT DPOUFNQPSÃOFBT&MTJHOJàDBEPEFMPTBDPOUFDJNJFOUPTOPQVFEF 13
)BZEFO8IJUF Tropics of Discourse #BMUJNPSF +PIOT)PQLJOT6OJWFSTJUZ 1SFTT QQ
28
Historiografía postmoderna
EJTUJOHVJSTF EF TV PDVSSFODJB QFSP FTUB FT JOFTUBCMF áVJEB FTQFDUSBM5BO FTQFDUSBM DPNP FM NPWJNJFOUP FO DÃNBSB MFOUB FM ÃOHVMPJOWFSTP FMzoomZMBSFJUFSBDJÓOEFMBTSFQSFTFOUBDJPOFT FOWJEFPEFMBUBRVFBMBT5PSSFT(FNFMBTFO/VFWB:PSLPEFM CPNCBSEFPBM1BMBDJPEFMB.POFEBFO4BOUJBHPEF$IJMF 4J FTUB EFTNBUFSJBMJ[BDJÓO EFM BDPOUFDJNJFOUP NPEFSOP FT BOÃMPHBBMBEFTNBUFSJBMJ[BDJÓOEFMBPCSBEFBSUF TJFMMBFTQSPEVDUP EF MBT USBOTGPSNBDJPOFT UFMFUFDOPMÓHJDBT Z EF MBT USBOTGPSNBDJPOFT FO MB MJUFSBSJFEBE RVF MB MJUFSBUVSB BEFMBOUB DPNP SÊHJNFOEFMPTFOTJCMF FTBMHPRVFBÙOFTUÃQFOEJFOUFFOMBEJTDVTJÓO4JOEVEB FO$IJMFMPTBDUVBMFTEFCBUFTTPCSFMBTSFMBDJPOFT FOUSF BSUF QPMÎUJDB F IJTUPSJB TPCSF MB SFMBDJÓO FOUSF BDPOUFDJNJFOUPFJOTDSJQDJÓO TJUPEBWÎBDBCFIBCMBSFOFTUPTUÊSNJOPT
UJFOFO QPS DFOUSP FTUBT DVFTUJPOFT14 2VJ[Ã QPS FMMP DPOWFOHB USBFSBMBNFNPSJBVODPNFOUBSJPEF8JMMZ5IBZFSTPCSFFMBDPOUFDJNJFOUPFOFMUJFNQPUFMFUFDOPNFEJÃUJDPEFMBFTQFDUSBMJEBE EFM QSFTFOUF j-B GPUPHSBGÎB DPO RVF FM OÙNFSP FTQFDJBM EF El MercurioEFMEFTFQUJFNCSFEFMIJ[PDJSDVMBS VOBWF[ NÃT MBJNBHFOUFMFEJHJUBMEFMDJFMPEF/VFWB:PSLRVFNBOEPMBT QBOUBMMBTZMBTQPSUBEBTEFMQMBOFUB JNBHFORVFEVSBOUFUPEPFTF BÒPOPEFKBNPTEFWFSVOBZPUSBWF[FOMB 57EFMFTDBQBSBUFP EFMSFTUBVSBOUF PFOFMTPGÃEFMBDBTB PFOMBJNBHJOBDJÓOUBM GPUPHSBGÎBOPDJUBUBOUPFMFTUBMMJEPEFMBTUPSSFT TJOPFMFWFOUPEF TVNFEJBDJÓO FMBDPOUFDJNJFOUPDPNPNFEJBDJÓO MBNFEJBDJÓO DPNPBDPOUFDJNJFOUP w &TUPOPRVJFSFEFDJSRVFZBOPIBZ NÃTBDPOUFDJNJFOUPBMRVFEBSÊTUFTVCTVNJEPFOMBNFEJBDJÓO 2VJFSFEFDJSRVFMBNFEJBDJÓOBDPOUFDF OPDFTBEFBDPOUFDFS OP EFKBEFDPJODJEJSMBNFEJBDJÓOFOFMBDPOUFDJNJFOUPZFMBDPOUFDJNJFOUPFOMBNFEJBDJÓOv15. -PTQSPCMFNBTPBQPSÎBTRVFFTUBTDVFTUJPOFTQMBOUFBOBMB EJTDJQMJOB PCMJHBBIJTUPSJBEPSFTFIJTUPSJBEPSBTBSFJOJDJBSVOB DPOGSPOUBDJÓO DSÎUJDB DPO FM DPOKVOUP EF MB USBEJDJÓO IJTUPSJPHSÃàDBPDDJEFOUBM&TUBDPOGSPOUBDJÓOOFDFTBSJBNFOUFTJUÙBBMB 14
/FMMZ3JDIBSE Fracturas de la memoria #VFOPT"JSFT 4JHMP99*&EJUPSFT .JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB Modernismos historiográficos 4BOUJBHPEF$IJMF 1BMJOPEJB 8JMMZ5IBZFS Tecnologías de la crítica 4BOUJBHPEF$IJMF &EJDJPOFT.FUBMFTQFTBEPT 15 8JMMZ5IBZFS El fragmento repetido 4BOUJBHPEF$IJMF &EJDJPOFT.FUBMFT QFTBEPT QQ
29
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
IJTUPSJPHSBGÎBFOVO FTQBDJP EFJOUFSSPHBDJÓO QPTUNPEFSOP ZB TFFOUJFOEBFTUBEFTJHOBDJÓOFOUÊSNJOPTQPTUOBDJPOBMFT FOVOB DMBWFEFMFDUVSBDFSDBOBB+FBO'SBOÉPJT-ZPUBSEPB'SFESJD+BNFTPO
PZBTFMBFOUJFOEBFOUÊSNJOPTQPTUDPMPOJBMFTPEFDPMPOJBMFT FOVOBMÎOFBEFMFDUVSBRVFFODVFOUSBFOMPTUSBCBKPTEF (BZBUSJ $IBLSBWPSUZ 4QJWBL Z8BMUFS .JHOPMP EPT GVFOUFT EF QPTJDJPOBNJFOUPDFOUSBMFT 4FUSBUBFOPUSPTUÊSNJOPTEFJOTJTUJSFOSFNBSDBSFMHJSPDSÎUJDP RVF BGFDUB IPZ B MB EJTDJQMJOB FO BEWFSUJS DÓNP FTUF HJSP DSÎUJDP USBTUPDB Z TVCWJFSUF MPT DJNJFOUPT NJTNPT EFM PSEFO EF TVEJTDVSTP16&TUFHJSPDSÎUJDPFOFMQFOTBNJFOUPIJTUPSJPHSÃàDP DPOUFNQPSÃOFP UJFOF QVOUPT EF QBSUJEB NÙMUJQMFT àMJBDJPOFT Z MFHBEPTBBNCPTMBEPTEFM"UMÃOUJDP FOFM/PSUFZFOFM4VS FO &VSPQB "TJB ¦GSJDBZ"NÊSJDB-BUJOB1PSMBNJTNBSB[ÓO QVFEF PCTFSWBSTF RVF DVBMRVJFS USBEJDJÓO DSÎUJDB QPESÎB FWFOUVBMNFOUFTFSWJSEFQVOUPEFQBSUJEBEFMBDSÎUJDBEJTDJQMJOBS DPOUBM RVFFTUFQVOUPEFQBSUJEBTFBDBQB[EFJOUFSSPHBSZDPONPWFSMB JOGSBFTUSVDUVSB DPODFQUVBM Z NFUBGÓSJDB RVF PSHBOJ[B MBT PQFSBDJPOFT EF DPOPDJNJFOUP EF MB IJTUPSJPHSBGÎB NPEFSOB :B TF UPNFDPNPSFGFSFODJBBMBTUSBEJDJPOFTEFMQPTUFTUSVDUVSBMJTNP GSBODÊTZFTUBEPVOJEFOTF ZBTFUPNFDPNPQVOUPEFJOáFYJÓOEF MBBDUVBMEJTDVTJÓOIJTUPSJPHSÃàDBMBDSÎUJDBEFMBSFQSFTFOUBDJÓO IJTUÓSJDB RVFUFÓSJDBTDPNP/FMMZ3JDIBSEP#FBUSJ[4BSMPIBO WFOJEP EFTBSSPMMBOEP EF MBT QSÃDUJDBT DVMUVSBMFT MBUJOPBNFSJDBOBT EFTEF NFEJBEPT EF MPT BÒPT PDIFOUB17 TJFNQSF TF USBUB EF JOUFSSPHBSMPTFGFDUPTEFSFQSFTFOUBDJÓOEFMBSB[ÓOIJTUÓSJDB MPT NPEPTEFQSPEVDDJÓOZSFQSPEVDDJÓOEFTVTQPMÎUJDBTEFJOUFSQSFUBDJÓO &OTÎOUFTJT QPESÎBEFDJSTFRVFCBKPMBEFTJHOBDJÓOEFIJTUPSJPHSBGÎB QPTUNPEFSOB OP TF CVTDB PUSB DPTB RVF QSFTFOUBS VO BNQMJPFTQFDUSPEFUSBCBKPTRVFUJFOFOÙOJDBNFOUFFODPNÙOMB JEFBEFRVFFTQSFDJTPBCBOEPOBS EFVOBWF[QPSUPEBT FMQSPHSBNBNJNÊUJDPFOIJTUPSJPHSBGÎB&TUFBCBOEPOPTVQPOFBCSB16
-VJT(EF.VTTZ FE
Balance historiográfico chileno. El orden del discurso y el giro crítico actual 4BOUJBHPEF$IJMF &EJDJPOFT'JOJT5FSSBF 17 1BSBFTUBDSÎUJDB WÊBTF /ÊTUPS(BSDÎB$BODMJOJ j&TUVEJPT$VMUVSBMFTyVO TBCFS FO FTUBEP EF EJDDJPOBSJP v /FMMZ 3JDIBSE FE
En torno a los estudios culturales. Localidades, trayectorias y disputas 4BOUJBHP EF $IJMF $-"$40&EJUPSJBM"3$*4 QQ
30
Historiografía postmoderna
[BSDJFSUPmodernismo historiográfico NPEFSOJTNPRVFQPOESÎB FO DPOUBDUP B MB EJTDJQMJOB IJTUÓSJDB DPO MBT BSUFT WJTVBMFT Z MB MJUFSBUVSB DPOFMDJOFZMPTNFEJPT DPOMBTJNÃHFOFTZMPTEJTQPTJUJWPTNFEJBMFT&TUFDPOUBHJP RVFOPFTPUSBDPTBRVFMBFOUSBEBEFMBEJTDJQMJOBFOFMTJHMP 99* PUSPNPEPEFQMBOUFBSFM MMBNBEPEF*NNBOVFM8BMMFSTUFJOBJNQFTBSMBTDJFODJBTTPDJBMFT FT EFDJS B TBDBSMBT EFM TJHMP 9*9
EFNBOEB FM FKFSDJDJP EF VOB QSÃDUJDB BQPSÊUJDB B MB WF[ JOEJTDJQMJOBEB Z EJTDJQMJOBS SBEJDBM ZDPOTFSWBEPSB FYQFSJNFOUBMZUSBEJDJPOBM1SÃDUJDBEFMBBQPSÎB EFVOQBTPJNQPTJCMFRVFFOFMFYUSFNPEFTVFKFSDJDJP FO FMFYUSFNJTNPEFTVSBEJDBMJEBE QFSNJUJSÎBBCSJSMBEJTDJQMJOBB UPEPBRVFMMPRVFFOTVUSBEJDJÓOJNQJEFMBTNVUBDJPOFT MPTFOHFOESPT MBNPOTUSVPTJEBE MBTNFUBNPSGPTJT -B BàSNBDJÓO EF VOB SFUÓSJDB EF MB GPSNB EF VO EFWFOJS cyborgIJTUPSJPHSÃàDP FT MB BàSNBDJÓO EF VOB USBOTGPSNBDJÓO ZB FO DVSTP FO MB EJTDJQMJOB FT MB BDFQUBDJÓO EFM DBNCJP EFM DBNCJPSBEJDBM DPNPWFDUPSQFSGPSNÃUJDPEFMBQSÃDUJDBIJTUPSJPHSÃàDB&TUBBàSNBDJÓOFTUÃFOMBTBOUÎQPEBTEFBRVFMMBTSFWJTJPOFTDPTNÊUJDBTEFMBIJTUPSJB DPOTJTUFOUFTFOBHSFHBSOVFWPT DBNQPTEFJOWFTUJHBDJÓOPOVFWBTGPSNBTEFQSFTFOUBDJÓOBMPT QSPDFEJNJFOUPT Z MBT QSÃDUJDBT FTUBCMFDJEBT EF MB IJTUPSJPHSBGÎB USBEJDJPOBMPDPOWFODJPOBM&OPQPTJDJÓOBMPRVFQVFEBOQFOTBS IJTUPSJBEPSFT QSPGFTJPOBMFT EF UFOEFODJB DPOTFSWBEPSB FO FQJTUFNPMPHÎB DPNP (BCSJFM 4BMB[BS $SJTUJÃO (B[NVSJ P .BOVFM 7JDVÒB FTUBNVUBDJÓOEJTDJQMJOBSOPTVQPOFVOBNPEFSOJ[BDJÓO EF MB EJTDJQMJOB VOB QSPGFTJPOBMJ[BDJÓO EF TVT QSÃDUJDBT P VOB QSPZFDDJÓO EF jSFTQPOTBCJMJEBE TPDJBMv FO TV RVFIBDFS IJTUPSJPHSÃàDP18.VDIPNFOPTTVQPOFSFQSPEVDJSWJFKBTGPSNBTEF IBDFSIJTUPSJBFOOVFWPTGPSNBUPTNFEJBMFT DPNPBMHVOPTIJTUPSJBEPSFTSFDJFOUFNFOUFIBODSFÎEPBàSNBSDPODJFSUPPSHVMMP 5BNQPDPTFUSBUBEFVODBNCJPEFFTDBMBFOMPTNPEPTEFPSHB-
18
-BJEFBEFVOQSPHSBNBEFSFTQPOTBCJMJEBETPDJBMFIJTUÓSJDBQBSBMBEJTDJQMJOB FO UBOUP jDJFODJB TPDJBMv TF SFWFMB QSPGVOEBNFOUF DPOTFSWBEPSB BMOPDVFTUJPOBSFMTVQVFTUPBOUSPQPMÓHJDPRVFMBSJHFZEFUFSNJOB MBJEFB EFIVNBOJEBE
ZBMOPSFWJTBSDSÎUJDBNFOUFMPTEJTQPTJUJWPTJOTUJUVDJPOBMFT RVFMBTPQPSUBO6OàFMSFQSFTFOUBOUFEFFTUBQPTJDJÓODPOTFSWBEPSBFOMB IJTUPSJPHSBGÎBDIJMFOBFT(BCSJFM4BMB[BS7ÊBTF (4BMB[BS j)JTUPSJPHSBGÎB DIJMFOBTJHMP99*USBOTGPSNBDJÓO SFTQPOTBCJMJEBE QSPZFDDJÓOv -VJT(EF .VTTZ FE
Balance historiográfico chileno PQDJU QQ
31
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
OJ[BSZSFQSFTFOUBSMBQSÃDUJDBIJTUPSJPHSÃàDB QVFT FTUFDBNCJP EF FTDBMB BM OP DVFTUJPOBS MBT QPMÎUJDBT EF FONBSDBNJFOUP RVF EFUFSNJOBOMBQSPEVDDJÓOEFMDPOPDJNJFOUPIJTUÓSJDP EFKBàOBMNFOUFJOUBDUPFMOÙDMFPDPODFQUVBMZNFUBGÓSJDPRVFPSHBOJ[ÓFO MBNPEFSOJEBEMBQSÃDUJDBZMBUFPSÎBIJTUPSJPHSÃàDB19. 4J MBT USBOTGPSNBDJPOFT FO FM PSEFO EFM EJTDVSTP EF MB EJTDJQMJOB DPOTUJUVZFO EFTQMB[BNJFOUPT P SVQUVSBT FO VO EFUFSNJOBEPTJTUFNBEFDMBTJàDBDJÓOZSFQSFTFOUBDJÓOIJTUÓSJDB TJFTUBT SVQUVSBT P EFTQMB[BNJFOUPT CVTDBO SFEFàOJS JODFTBOUFNFOUF FM SÊHJNFOEFWJTJCJMJEBEEFMBSFQSFTFOUBDJÓOIJTUPSJBEPSB QPESÎB BEWFSUJSTF FOUPODFT RVFMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBQPTUNPEFSOBOPCVTDB TJOPMMBNBSMBBUFODJÓOTPCSFMBTQPMÎUJDBTEFFONBSDBNJFOUPZ SFFONBSDBNJFOUPEFMBEJTDJQMJOBIJTUPSJPHSÃàDBQBSBJOUFSSVNQJSMBT EFàOJUJWBNFOUF 4J MBT USBOTGPSNBDJPOFT FO MB EJTDJQMJOB QVFEFO TFS WJTUBT DPNP jTBMJEBT EF NBSDPv DPNP RVJFCSFT Z GSBDUVSBTFOMPTTJTUFNBTEFSFGFSFODJBDPORVFMPTIJTUPSJBEPSFT ZMBTIJTUPSJBEPSBTBDPTUVNCSBOSFQSFTFOUBSFMNVOEP MPTmodernismos historiográficosQPSWFOJSEFMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBQPTUNPEFSOB QVFEFO TFS EFTDSJUPT FOUPODFT BOÃMPHBNFOUF DPNP VO DPOKVOUPTPTUFOJEPEFFTGVFS[PTQPSWPMWFSBJOUFSSPHBSSBEJDBMNFOUFMBIJTUPSJDJEBEEFMBIJTUPSJB&OPUSBTQBMBCSBT TJOPNCSFTQSPQJPTDPNP)BZEFO8IJUF 'SBOL"OLFSTNJUZ.JDIFMEF $FSUFBV JNQPOFO B MB EJTDJQMJOB VOB SFáFYJÓO TPCSF FM medio FTUPFT TPCSFMBFTDSJUVSBZFMUFYUPIJTUÓSJDP FMQSPQJPEFWFOJS EFMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBQPTUNPEFSOBQBSFDFSÎBJNQPOFSOVFWBTSFMBDJPOFTBOBMÓHJDBT OVFWPTDPOUBHJPT OVFWPTQVOUPTEFGVHBT OVFWPT SFQBSUPT Z USBZFDUPSJBT EF MP TFOTJCMF"TÎ TJ MB QSPCMFNÃUJDB EF MB jTBMJEB EF NBSDPv FO IJTUPSJPHSBGÎB SFNJUÎB FO MB NPEFSOJEBEBMBJEFBEFSFWPMVDJPOFTIJTUPSJPHSÃàDBT BEFTDSJCJS OVFWBTPQFSBDJPOFTEFEFTFONBSDBNJFOUPZSFFONBSDBNJFOUP EF MB SFQSFTFOUBDJÓO IJTUPSJBEPSB Z QPS MP UBOUP B JEFOUJàDBS USBOTGPSNBDJPOFTQPMÎUJDBTFOMBQSPQJBSFQSFTFOUBDJÓOIJTUÓSJDB MBQSPCMFNÃUJDBEFMNBSDPFOMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBQPTUNPEFSOBSF19
1BSB VOB EFDPOTUSVDDJÓO EF MB USBEJDJÓO FQJTUFNPMÓHJDB EPNJOBOUF FO MB IJTUPSJPHSBGÎBNPEFSOB .JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB Posthistoria. Historiografía y comunidad 4BOUJBHPEF$IJMF 1BMJOPEJB -VJT(EF.VTTZ j)JTUPSJPHSBGÎBT DPNQBSBEBT &MAUPUBM DFSP EF MB IJTUPSJPHSBGÎB DIJMFOB BDUVBMv ARBOR. Ciencia, pensamiento y cultura $-999*** / .BESJE QQ
32
Historiografía postmoderna
NJUJSÎB FODBNCJP BMBTVTQFOTJÓOEFUPEPNBSDPEFSFQSFTFOUBDJÓOIJTUÓSJDB&TUBTVTQFOTJÓOPJOUFSSVQDJÓOEFMBQSPCMFNÃUJDB EFMNBSDPFOIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBSFQFUJSÎB BMUFSÃOEPMB MBQSPCMFNÃUJDBEFMBQJOUVSBEFMTJHMPQBTBEP%FBIÎRVFTJMBQSFHVOUBQPS FMmedioFOQJOUVSBGVFFMNFEJPRVFMBEJTDJQMJOBEFMDBCBMMFUF TF EJP B TÎ NJTNB QBSB TBMJS EFM NBSDP Z EF MB SFQSFTFOUBDJÓO QJDUÓSJDB QVFEFEFDJSTFEFJHVBMNBOFSBRVFMBQSFHVOUBQPSFM medioFOIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBTFSÃFMNFEJPRVFMBEJTDJQMJOBTFEBSÃB TÎNJTNBQBSBBCBOEPOBSFMQSPHSBNBNJNÊUJDPZBUSFWFSTFEF VOBWF[QPSUPEBTBDPSUFKBSTVQSPQJPàO-BDSJTJTEFMBQJOUVSB EFDBCBMMFUFEFMBRVFEBDVFOUB$MFNFOU(SFFOCFSHBàOFTEFMPT BÒPTDVBSFOUBEFMTJHMPQBTBEP20 GVFBMNJTNPUJFNQPVOFTGVFS[PEFTFTQFSBEPEFMPTBSUJTUBTQPSMMFWBSBTVTMÎNJUFTMBTQSPQJFEBEFTEFQMBOJUVEZGSPOUBMJEBEEFMBQJOUVSBCJEJNFOTJPOBM3FTVMUBFWJEFOUFRVFFMDPMPSZMBQJODFMBEBTFWVFMWFOJNQPSUBOUFT FOQJOUVSBTPMPDVBOEPFMJMVTJPOJTNPSFUSPDFEJÓDPNPPCKFUJWP EFMBQJOUVSBZMBNJNFTJTSFUSPDFEJÓDPNPUFPSÎBEFàOJUPSJBEFM BSUF¼OJDBNFOUFDVBOEPMBQJOUVSBFOTÎNJTNBMMFHÓBTFSVO àONÃTRVFVONFEJP ZDVBOEPMBQJODFMBEBJOEJDÓRVFTFEFCÎB NJSBSMBQJOUVSBBOUFTRVFNJSBSBUSBWÊTEFFMMB FOFMTFOUJEPFO RVFjBUSBWÊTEFvJNQMJDBUSBOTQBSFODJB MBQJOUVSBTFMJCFSÓEF MBSFQSFTFOUBDJÓOZTFWPMWJÓBCTUSBDUBFOVOTFOUJEPNBUFSJBMJTUB-BHÊOFTJTEFMPBCTUSBDUPFOMBQJOUVSBNPEFSOJTUBFTBTÎMB HÊOFTJT EF MP BCTUSBDUP NBUFSJBM EPOEF MBT QSPQJFEBEFT GÎTJDBT EFMBQJOUVSBmTVGPSNB TVTVQFSàDJFQMBOB flat surface
TVNBUFSJBmTFWVFMWFOMBFTFODJBJOFWJUBCMFEFMBQJOUVSBDPNPBSUF21. "SUIVS%BOUPIBPCTFSWBEP DPODJFSUBTPSQSFTB RVFFMMFHBEP EFMNPEFSOJTNPTFIBJEFOUJàDBEPFOUJFNQPTSFDJFOUFTDPOjMB NVFSUF EF MB QJOUVSBv &TUB JEFOUJàDBDJÓO OP FT B[BSPTB QVFT FMMBOPFYQSFTBTJOPDPOPUSBTQBMBCSBTMBSFWPMVDJÓONFEJBMRVF
20
$MFNFOU(SFFOCFSH j5IF$SJTJTPGUIF&BTFM1JDUVSFv The Collected Essays and Criticism WPM Arrogant Purpose, 1945-1949 $IJDBHP 5IF6OJWFSTJUZPG$IJDBHP1SFTT QQ1BSBVOBFYQPTJDJÓODSÎUJDBEFMBT UFTJTEF(SFFOCFSH WÊBTF "SUIVS%BOUP j.PEFSOJTNBOEUIF$SJUJRVFPG 1VSF"SU5IF)JTUPSJDBM7JTJPOPG$MFNFOU(SFFOCFSHv After the End of Art. Contemporary Art and the Pale of History 1SJODFUPO 1SJODFUPO6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT QQ 21 "SUIVS %BOUP j.PEFSOJTN BOE UIF $SJUJRVF PG 1VSF"SU5IF )JTUPSJDBM 7JTJPOPG$MFNFOU(SFFOCFSHv After the End of Art PQDJU Q
33
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
BGFDUBIPZBMBQJOUVSBZBMBTBSUFTWJTVBMFTZ QPSFYUFOTJÓO BMB IJTUPSJPHSBGÎBZMBTEJTDJQMJOBTTPDJBMFT &OVOFTGVFS[PQPSEFTBSSPMMBSVOBOÃMJTJTEFMUFYUPIJTUÓSJDP DPNPUPUBMJEBEEFTFOUJEP 'SBOL"OLFSTNJUIBQSPQVFTUPFYBNJOBSSFDJFOUFNFOUFMBOBSSBDJÓOIJTUPSJPHSÃàDBEFTEFMBQFSTQFDUJWBEFMBTBSUFTWJTVBMFT EJGFSFODJBOEPBTÎFMBOÃMJTJTQJDUÓSJDPEFMUFYUPEFVOBOÃMJTJTMJUFSBSJPDFOUSBEPFOMBTFTUSVDUVSBT EFTJHOJàDBDJÓOEFMBOBSSBDJÓO1BSBFMMP EJTUJOHVFFMTJHOJàDBEPjJOUFHSBMvEFMUFYUPIJTUPSJPHSÃàDPEFMTJHOJàDBEPQBSDJBMEF DBEB VOB EF TVT PSBDJPOFT P FTUSVDUVSBT WFSCBMFT %F BDVFSEP BFTUBEJTUJODJÓO FMTJHOJàDBEPJOUFHSBMEFMUFYUPDPOTUJUVJSÎBMB jTVTUBODJBOBSSBUJWBvEFMBSFQSFTFOUBDJÓOIJTUÓSJDB FTUBTVTUBODJBWFOESÎBBTFSVOanalogonEFTJHOJàDBDJÓOEFMBQJOUVSB&O QBMBCSBTEF"OLFSTNJU jZBRVFMBTVTUBODJBOBSSBUJWBDPNPTJHOPEF VOBQBSUFEF MBSFBMJEBEIJTUÓSJDBFTFYQSFTBEBTPMPFO FMUFYUPIJTUÓSJDPUPUBM MBQSFHVOUBQPSMBAEFOTJEBEEFMTJTUFNB EFTJHOJàDBDJÓOIJTUÓSJDPOPFTVOBQSFHVOUBQPSMBSFMBDJÓOFOUSF EJTUJOUPT FMFNFOUPT EF VO NJTNP UFYUP IJTUÓSJDP TJOP VOB QSFHVOUBQPSFMVOJWFSTPOBSSBUJWPEFMUFYUP&MFRVJWBMFOUFIJTUPSJPHSÃàDPEFMPTTJHOPTQJDUÓSJDPTRVFDPNQPOFOMBQJOUVSBFT FMUFYUPIJTUÓSJDPJOUFHSBMv22&MHJSPJOUSPEVDJEPEFFTUFNPEP FOMBUFPSÎBIJTUPSJPHSÃàDBPCMJHBSÎBBFYBNJOBSMBIJTUPSJBEFMB SFQSFTFOUBDJÓOIJTUPSJBEPSBBMBMV[EFMBIJTUPSJBEFMBSFQSFTFOUBDJÓO QJDUÓSJDB %JDIP FYBNFO EFCFSÎB QPOFS FO FM DFOUSP EFM BOÃMJTJTMBTOPDJPOFTEFjUFYUPvZjDVBESPvDPOUJOVBNFOUFWJODVMBEBTBFTBTIJTUPSJBTEFMBSFQSFTFOUBDJÓO"TÎ ZBDPHJFOEPMB SFUÓSJDBEFMNBSDPRVFFTUBTIJTUPSJBTEFKBOFOUSFWFS MBIJTUPSJB EFMBQJOUVSBTFSÎBJOEJDBUJWBEFMBIJTUPSJBEFMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎB: NÃTBÙO FMNJTNPDVFTUJPOBNJFOUPEFMDVBESPDPNPFTRVFNB QSPEVDUJWPEFMBSFQSFTFOUBDJÓOQJDUÓSJDBQPESÎBTFÒBMBSTFBRVÎ DPNPJOEJDBUJWPEFVODVFTUJPOBNJFOUPTJNJMBSEFMBOPDJÓOEF UFYUPDPNÙONFOUFBTPDJBEBBMBMÓHJDBEFMBSFQSFTFOUBDJÓOIJTUPSJBEPSB
22
'SBOL "OLFSTNJU j4UBUFNFOUT 5FYUT BOE 1JDUVSFTv 'SBOL "OLFSTNJU Z )BOT ,FMMOFS FET
A New Philosophy of History $IJDBHP 5IF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $IJDBHP 1SFTT QQ 'SBOL "OLFSTNJU Experiencia histórica sublime 4BOUJBHPEF$IJMF 1BMJOPEJB
34
Historiografía postmoderna
"QFTBSEFMBTJMVNJOBEPSBTDPOFYJPOFTRVFQSPNFUFFMBOÃMJTJT EF"OLFSTNJU FTUF FO ÙMUJNB JOTUBODJB EFCF TFS TVQFSBEP QVFT OPBEWJFSUFDPODMBSJEBEMBTDPOTFDVFODJBTRVFFMHJSPBCTUSBDUPNBUFSJBMUFOESÎBQBSBMBQJOUVSBZMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎB&OMB QJOUVSBMBTDPOTFDVFODJBTEFFTUFHJSPZBIBOTJEPBNQMJBNFOUF TFÒBMBEBTZEJTDVUJEBT BMQVOUPEFRVF"SUIVS%BOUPIBMMFHBEP BBTPDJBSFMTVSHJNJFOUPEFMNPEFSOJTNPFOMBQJOUVSBDPOjMB NVFSUFEFMBQJOUVSBv&OIJTUPSJPHSBGÎB FNQFSP MBTDPOTFDVFODJBTEFMHJSPIBDJBMBBCTUSBDDJÓOZMBNBUFSJBMJEBEBÙOOPIBO TJEPTVàDJFOUFNFOUFUFNBUJ[BEBTFOMPTEFCBUFTEFMBQSÃDUJDBZ MBUFPSÎBIJTUPSJPHSÃàDB&TUPTEFCBUFTTJCJFOFTUÃOÎOUJNBNFOUF BTPDJBEPTBMBSFWPMVDJÓONFEJBMFODVSTP ZBMBBUFODJÓOSFOPWBEB RVF MBT USBOTGPSNBDJPOFT UFMFUFDOPMÓHJDBT QSPEVDFO FO MB JEFB EF IJTUPSJB EFM QFOTBNJFOUP IJTUPSJPHSÃàDP NPEFSOP BÙO OPQFSDJCFOMPTRVJFCSFTFQJTUFNPMÓHJDPTRVFTVQPOFJOUFSSPHBS FMUFYUPZMBFTDSJUVSBFOIJTUPSJPHSBGÎB 4JO EVEB BMHVOB FM àO EFM QSPHSBNB NJNÊUJDP UFSNJOBSÃ UBSEFPUFNQSBOP QPSQPOFSFOFMDFOUSPEFMBEJTDVTJÓOIJTUPSJPHSÃàDBMBIJTUPSJDJEBEEFMBIJTUPSJB&TUBQSFHVOUBSFOPWBEBQPS MBIJTUPSJDJEBEEFMBEJTDJQMJOBFTVOBEFMBTDPOTFDVFODJBTNÃT WJTJCMFTEFMHJSPBCTUSBDUPNBUFSJBMFOIJTUPSJPHSBGÎB HJSPRVFBM DPMPDBSFOFMGPOEPEFMBEJTDVTJÓOMBNBUFSJBMJEBEEFMBTQSÃDUJDBTEFMBJOTUJUVDJÓOIJTUPSJBEPSB BMJOUFSSPHBSQBDJFOUFNFOUF MPTFGFDUPTRVFFTUBTQSÃDUJDBTQSPEVDFO MPTSFHÎNFOFTEFWFSEBE BRVFEBOMVHBS OPTPMPCVTDBJOUFSSPHBSFMNBSDPRVFPSHBOJ[B FTUBTQSÃDUJDBTEFTJHOJàDBDJÓO TJOPRVFBWBO[BOEPVOQBTPNÃT BMMÃ FTGPS[ÃOEPTFQPSWJTJCJMJ[BSFMNBSDPJOWJTJCMFRVFPSHBOJ[BUPEPNBSDPWJTJCMF CVTDBàOBMNFOUFJOUFSSVNQJSZBMUFSBSMB QSÃDUJDBIJTUPSJPHSÃàDBEFMBSFQSFTFOUBDJÓOIJTUÓSJDB &M HJSP DSÎUJDP FO IJTUPSJPHSBGÎB FO TÎOUFTJT OP FT NÃT RVF PUSPNPEPEFOPNCSBSFTUBBUFODJÓOEFTWFMBEBTPCSFMPTHFTUPT NÃTTJNQMFTEFMPàDJP"UFODJÓORVFIBEFWVFMUPBMBDJFODJBIJTUÓSJDBBMBFEBEEFTVJOPDFODJB PCMJHÃOEPMBBQMBOUFBSOVFWBNFOUFUPEBTFTBTQSFHVOUBTRVFEFTFONBTDBSBOTVJOPDFODJB MBT TJNQMFTQSFHVOUBTEFTVJOPDFODJByRVÊFTMFFS yRVÊFTFTDSJCJS 1MBOUFBSFTUBTQSFHVOUBTOPTVQPOFBàSNBSVOBFTFODJBjNÃT SFBMvEFMBIJTUPSJB OPFOUSBÒBPGSFDFSVOBSFTQVFTUBQPTUNPEFSOBBMBDMÃTJDBQSFHVOUB¿qué es la historia?1MBOUFBSFTUBTQSF-
35
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
HVOUBTFTTJNQMFNFOUFPUSPNPEPEFWFMBSMBWPDBDJÓOJONVOJUBSJBEFMBSB[ÓOIJTUPSJBEPSB1MBOUFBSFTUBTQSFHVOUBTFTRVJ[ÃT TPMPVOBNBOFSBEJGFSFOUFEFJOJDJBSFMUSBCBKPEFEFDPOTUSVDDJÓO EFMBQPMÎUJDBJEFOUJUBSJBRVFNPOUBHVBSEJBFOMBTGSPOUFSBTJOUFSJPSFTEFMBEJTDJQMJOB WJHJMBOEPZSFQSJNJFOEPUPEPBRVFMMPRVF BNFOB[BBDUVBMPQPUFODJBMNFOUFFMPSEFOEFTVTBCFS
36
Historiografía postmoderna
** $÷öëíøü÷û
37
Historiografía postmoderna
1÷úýöéöýíþéïúéõĕüñëé ìíôéðñûü÷úñ÷ïúéîġé
*öüú÷ìýëñúýöéïúéõĕüñëéQPTUNPEFSOBFOIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBFT JOUFOUBS EBS DVFOUB EF MBT NVUBDJPOFT EFM QBSBEJHNB QPMÎUJDP àMPTÓàDPIJTUPSJPHSÃàDPTPCSFMBIJTUPSJB&TUBTNVUBDJPOFTEFNBOEBOOFDFTBSJBNFOUFMBFMBCPSBDJÓOEFVOWPDBCVMBSJPIJTUPSJPHSÃàDPDBQB[EFBQSFIFOEFSMPTRVJFCSFTZUSBOTGPSNBDJPOFT RVFMBEJTDJQMJOBTVGSFDVBOEPZBOPQVFEFBQPZBSTFFOMPTTVQVFTUPT FQJTUFNPMÓHJDPT Z POUPMÓHJDPT RVF PSHBOJ[BSPO TV USBCBKPFOMBNPEFSOJEBE%JTDVUJFOEPFTUBTDFTVSBTZNVUBDJPOFT JOUFOUBOEPQFOTBSFMDBNQPEFQSPCMFNÃUJDBTRVFMBQPTUNPEFSOJEBEJNQPOFBUPEPQFOTBNJFOUPEFMPQPMÎUJDP "OUPOJP/FHSJ IBEFTDSJUPFTUFUJFNQPDPNPVOUJFNQPEFUSBOTJDJÓORVFFYJHF MBFMBCPSBDJÓOEFDPODFQUPTZDBUFHPSÎBTDBQBDFTEFWJTMVNCSBS MBTUSBOTGPSNBDJPOFTRVFIPZBGFDUBOBMBTTPDJFEBEFTDPOUFNQPSÃOFBT1&OFMPSEFOEFMBTIVNBOJEBEFT JOWFTUJHBEPSBTDPNP .JFLF#BM2P%POOB)BSBXBZ3SFDMBNBO EFJHVBMNPEP MBOFDFTJEBEEFGPSKBSOVFWBTIFSSBNJFOUBTDPODFQUVBMFTQBSBMPTDBNCJPTFODVSTP -BUBSFBFTJONFOTBZEFNBOEBHJHBOUFTDPTFTGVFS[PTDPMFDUJWPTEFJOWFTUJHBDJÓO DSVDFTEFGSPOUFSBT WJBKFTFOUSFDPODFQUPT GPSNBT JOÊEJUBT EF DPOUBHJP FOUSF EJTDJQMJOBT NVUBDJPOFT JOTPTQFDIBEBT SJUVBMFT EF QBTP TBDSJàDJPT Z USBOTàHVSBDJPOFT ZUBNCJÊOFYUJODJPOFT-BUFBUSBMJEBERVFFYJHFOFTUBTSFQSFTFO1
2
3
"OUPOJP/FHSJ La fábrica de porcelana. Una nueva gramática de la política #BSDFMPOB .JFLF#BM Conceptos viajeros en las humanidades. Una guía de viaje .VSDJB $FOEFBD %POOB )BSBXBZ The Companion Species Manifesto. Dogd, People, and Significant Otherness $IJDBHP 1SJDLMZ1BSBEJHN1SFTT
39
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
UBDJPOFT MBESBNBUVSHJBRVFSFDMBNBQPOFSFONPWJNJFOUP MBT performancesBRVFEBOMVHBS PCMJHBOBFMBCPSBSVOQFOTBNJFOUPRVFCVTRVFSFTQPOEFSFOUPEPNPNFOUPBMBTFYJHFODJBTRVF JNQPOFMBDPOTUJUVDJÓOQPMÎUJDBFQJTUFNPMÓHJDBEFMQSFTFOUF&TUB FYJHFODJBEFQFOTBNJFOUPIBIFDIPEFFTUFUJFNQPEFUSBOTJDJÓO VO UJFNQP EF NBOJàFTUPT"TÎ MB UFNQPSBMJEBE EF un es tiempo de decirQBSFDFDPJODJEJSDPOMBUFNQPSBMJEBEEFun decir el tiempo#BKPFMNPEPEFDMBSBUJWP TFCVTDBBàSNBSMBPTBEÎBZ MBBVEBDJBEFVOQFOTBNJFOUP TFCVTDBIBDFSMVHBSBVOBQBTJÓO EFM DPODFQUP RVF TF FKFSDF FO MB VSHFODJB EF VO DPOUSBUJFNQP DPOUSB UPEP Z UPEPT Z RVF SFDMBNB QBSB TÎ ÙOJDBNFOUF MB OP DPOUFNQPSBOFJEBEenMPDPOUFNQPSÃOFP -B QBTJÓO EFM DPODFQUP EF DPODFQUPT RVF TF FTUSVDUVSBO B USBWÊT EF BGFDUPT Z QFSDFQDJPOFT EFNBOEB OFDFTBSJBNFOUF VO USBCBKP DPO MBT QBMBCSBT RVF TJFNQSF TF QSFTFOUB CBKP GPSNBT BQPSÊUJDBT P BOUJOÓNJDBT 1VFT FTUF USBCBKP FTUB QBTJÓO FTUÃ TJFNQSFBUSBQBEBFOVOEPCMFNPWJNJFOUPEFDPOTUSVDDJÓOZEFDPOTUSVDDJÓO EFDPSUFZDPOUJOVJEBE EFQFSNBOFODJBZUSBOTGPSNBDJÓO EFJNQPTJCJMJEBEZQPTJCJMJEBE "UFOEJFOEP B FTUBT EJàDVMUBEFT BEWJSUJFOEP MPT QSPCMFNBT RVF DPOMMFWB MB QSPQPTJDJÓO EF VOB OVFWB HSBNÃUJDB IJTUPSJPHSÃàDBEFSBÎ[QPTUNPEFSOB FTRVFCBKPFMUÊSNJOPConceptos TFIBRVFSJEPEBSÙOJDBNFOUFÊOGBTJTEFMFDUVSB TFÒBTPNBSDBT EJTUJOUJWBTEFPUSBGPSNBEFQFOTBNJFOUP EFVOBQSÃDUJDBIJTUPSJPHSÃàDBRVFJOUFOUBQPSUPEPTMPTNFEJPTBQSFIFOEFSMBDFTVSB EFMPQPTUNPEFSOP RVFTFFTGVFS[BQPSSFHJTUSBSMBFOVOOVFWP MFOHVBKF FOMBTJNQSFTJPOFTZTPCSFJNQSFTJPOFTEFVOBNFNPSJB OFDFTBSJBNFOUFGSBHNFOUBSJBZQBSDJBM 1BSBGSBTFBOEP B (BZBUSJ 4QJWBL4 QPESÎB BEWFSUJSTF RVF MB TFDDJÓOConceptos FOUPEPMPRVFUJFOFEFjGBDDJÓOv jCBOEBv PjFTDVFMBv FTTJNQMFNFOUFVONPEPQBSUJEJTUBEFMMBNBSBMB BDDJÓO EFJODJUBSBMPTKÓWFOFTJOWFTUJHBEPSFTFJOWFTUJHBEPSBTB RVFTFEFDJEBOEFVOBCVFOBWF[BEBSMBFTQBMEBBVOBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBGVOEBEBFOFMTJHMP 9*9 ZDPNJFODFOBUSBCBKBSFOMB SFEBDDJÓOEFVOOVFWPWPDBCVMBSJPQPTUNPEFSOPEFMBIJTUPSJP-
4
(BZBUSJ$IBLSBWPSUZ4QJWBL Muerte de una disciplina 4BOUJBHPEF$IJMF 1BMJOPEJB
40
Historiografía postmoderna
HSBGÎB RVF CVTRVF SFTQPOEFS B MPT EFTBGÎPT Z MBT VSHFODJBT EFM UJFNQPQSFTFOUF &TUFWPDBCVMBSJP FTUFOVFWPMÊYJDPIJTUPSJPHSÃàDPTJRVJFSF SFBMNFOUFJNQPOFSTFFOMBEJTDJQMJOBEFCFSÃDPOTUJUVJSTFBQBSUJS EF VOB PUSB HSBNÃUJDB IJTUPSJPHSÃàDB EF VOB OVFWB GPSNB EF QFOTBSDPOTUJUVJEBZPSHBOJ[BEBBUSBWÊTEFVOBQSÃDUJDBQBSBEJHNÃUJDB RVFUFOHBQPSPCKFUJWPIBDFSJOUFMJHJCMFVOBTFSJFEF GFOÓNFOPTDVZPQBSFOUFTDPGPS[PTBNFOUFFTUÃGVFSBEFMDBNQP EFWJTJÓOEFMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBUSBEJDJPOBM
41
Historiografía postmoderna
"ë÷öüíëñõñíöü÷
Una manera de FYQMJDBS MP RVF TJHOJàDB FM QPTUNPEFSOJTNPFTEFDJSRVFFTVOBàMPTPGÎB EFMBDPOUFDJNJFOUP ZVONPEP EF FYQMJDBS MP RVF TJHOJàDB MB IJTUPSJPHSBGÎB QPTUNPEFSOB FT EFDJSRVFFTVOBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎB EFMBDPOUFDJNJFOUP&OUBMEFTDSJQDJÓO MP GVOEBNFOUBM FT MB OPDJÓO EF jBDPOUFDJNJFOUPv RVF FO BSBT EF MB CSFWFEBE QVFEF EFTDSJCJSTF DPNP VO BDPOUFDJNJFOUP OP FT FYBDUBNFOUFMPRVFPDVSSF RVFFTMP RVF MB QBMBCSB JOHMFTB TVHJFSF event
TJOP BMHP EBEP en MP RVF PDVSSF BMHP RVF IB TJEP FYQSFTBEP P SFBMJ[BEP P B MP RVFTFMFIBEBEPGPSNBFOMP PDVSSJEP &O PUSBT QBMBCSBT FM BDPOUFDJNJFOUP OP FT BMHP QSFTFOUF TJOP BMHP RVF CVTDB EBSTF FO MP RVF FTUÃ QSFTFOUF 6O BDPOUFDJNJFOUP OP FT VO IFDIP TJOP BMHP RVF BDUÙB FO VOIFDIP-PTBDPOUFDJNJFOUPT TF SFBMJ[BO FO MPT IFDIPT BERVJFSFOBDUVBMJEBEZQSFTFODJB 43
FOFMMPT QFSPTJFNQSFEFGPSNB QSPWJTJPOBM Z NPEJàDBCMF EF NPEPRVFMBJORVJFUVEEFMáVJS EFMPTIFDIPTTFFYQMJDBBUSBWÊTEFMPTBDPOUFDJNJFOUPTRVF BMCFSHBO 3FTQFDUP B TV UFNQPSBMJEBE MPT BDPOUFDJNJFOUPT TJO FTUBS OVODB QSFTFOUFT QBSFDFO SFDMBNBS VO QSFTFOUF CVTDÃOEPMP Z EFTCPSEÃOEPMP BMBWF[%FTEFDJFSUBQFSTQFDUJWB EFDPOTUSVDUJWB MPT BDPOUFDJNJFOUPT UJFOFO MB FTUSVDUVSB EF MB QSPNFTB EF MP RVF %FSSJEB MMBNB MP JNQSFWJTJCMF jQPSWFOJSv à venir &OPUSBT QBMBCSBT MBT EF"MBJO #BEJPV MPTBDPOUFDJNJFOUPTTPOTJOHVMBSJEBEFTJSSFEVDUJCMFT jGVFSB EFMBMFZv EF MBT TJUVBDJPOFT "MBJO#BEJPV L’Ethique -B EJTDVTJÓO UFÓSJDB DPOUFNQPSÃOFBTPCSFMBOPDJÓOEF BDPOUFDJNJFOUP UJFOF QPS GVFOUFT QSJODJQBMFT MBT Tesis TPCSF MB IJTUPSJB EF8BMUFS #FOKBNJO MBT àMPTPGÎBT EF (JMMFT %FMFV[F GVOEBNFOUBMNFOUF La lógica
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
del sentido
"MBJO#BEJPV QSJODJQBMNFOUF TPCSF UPEP TVT EPT jHSBOEFTvMJCSPTTPCSFFMBDPOUFDJNJFOUPEl ser y el acontecimiento y Lógica de los mundos Z +BDRVFT %FSSJEB Fuerza de ley y Espectros de Marx &OMB EJTDVTJÓOIJTUPSJPHSÃàDB QVFEF DPOTJEFSBSTF RVF MB SFáFYJÓO QSJODJQBM EF )BZEFO 8IJUF Z 'SBOL "OLFSNJTU IB HJSBEP FO MPT ÙMUJNPT BÒPT FO UPSOP B MB QSFHVOUBQPSFMBDPOUFDJNJFOUP FO MB OBSSBDJÓO IJTUPSJPHSÃàDB &O FTUF TFOUJEP DFOUSBMFT B MB EJTDVTJÓOIJTUÓSJDBTFSÎBOMPTFOTBZPTEF)BZEFO8IJUFDPOUFOJEPTFOFigural Realism ZFMUFYUPQJPOFSPEF"OLFSTNJU Narrative Logic &O PUSBT QBMBCSBT CJFO QVFEF BàSNBSTF RVF MB EJTUJODJÓO FOUSF IFDIPT Z TJHOJàDBEPT VTVBMNFOUF DPOTJEFSBEB DPNPVOBCBTFEFMSFMBUJWJTNP IJTUÓSJDP OPUJFOFPUSPPCKFUJWP FO )BZEFO 8IJUF Z 'SBOL "OLFSTNJU RVF EBS MVHBS B MB QSFHVOUB QPS FM BDPOUFDJNJFOUP FO MB IJTUPSJB 1VFT FT MB NJTNB OBUVSBMF[B BOÓNBMB EF MPT BDPOUFDJNJFOUPT TV FTUBS GVFSBEFMBMFZ EF MB TJUVBDJÓO MB RVF PCMJHB B QMBOUFBS MB QSFHVOUB QPS MB GVODJÓO EFM TJHOJàDBEP BTJHOBEP B MPT BDPOUFDJNJFOUPT %FTEF FTUB QFSTQFDUJWBMPTIFDIPTTPOVOB
44
GVODJÓO EFM TJHOJàDBEP BTJHOBEP B MPT BDPOUFDJNJFOUPT Z OP VO EBUP QSJNBSJP RVF EFUFSNJOB RVÊ TJHOJàDBEPT QVFEB UFOFS VO BDPOUFDJNJFOUP .ÃTBÙO DPNPFTDSJCF8IJUF FM BDPOUFDJNJFOUP IJTUÓSJDP USBEJDJPOBMNFOUF DPODFCJEP DPNP VO BDPOUFDJNJFOUP RVF GVF OP TPMP PCTFSWBCMF TJOP UBNCJÊOPCTFSWBEP FTQPSEFàOJDJÓOVOBDPOUFDJNJFOUPRVF ZBOPFTNÃTPCTFSWBCMFZ QPS UBOUP OP QVFEF TFSWJS DPNP PCKFUPEFVODPOPDJNJFOUPUBO TFHVSPDPNPFMEFMPTBDPOUFDJNJFOUPTQSFTFOUFT MPTDVBMFT BÙO QVFEFO TFS PCTFSWBEPT 1FSP FT BRVÎ DPOUJOVB 8IJUF EPOEFMBEJTUJODJÓOFOUSFFMIFDIP Z FM BDPOUFDJNJFOUP EFCF TFS TVCSBZBEB -B OPDJÓO EF BDPOUFDJNJFOUP IJTUÓSJDP IB TVGSJEPVOBUSBOTGPSNBDJÓOSBEJDBMDPNPVOSFTVMUBEPEFMB PDVSSFODJBFOOVFTUSPTJHMPEF BDPOUFDJNJFOUPTEFVOBMDBODF FTDBMB Z QSPGVOEJEBE JOJNBHJOBCMFT QBSB IJTUPSJBEPSFT EF PUSPTUJFNQPTZEFMEFTNBOUFMBNJFOUPEFMDPODFQUPEFBDPOUFDJNJFOUPDPNPPCKFUPEFVO UJQP FTQFDÎàDBNFOUF DJFOUÎàDP EF DPOPDJNJFOUP )BZEFO 8IJUF El texto histórico como artefacto literario -BT USBOTGPSNBDJPOFT UFMFUFDOPNFEJÃUJDBTEFMBTPDJFEBEDPOUFNQP-
Historiografía postmoderna
SÃOFBTVQPOFO OFDFTBSJBNFOUF USBOTGPSNBDJPOFT P GSBDUVSBT JOJNBHJOBCMFTFOMPTNPEPTEF SFHJTUSP DPOTJHOBDJÓO MFDUVSB F JOUFSQSFUBDJÓO EF MPT BDPOUFDJNJFOUPT &TUB BàSNBDJÓO JODVNCF QSJODJQBMNFOUF TPCSF UPEP B MB IJTUPSJB TJ TF IB EF BEWFSUJS RVF MB EJTDJQMJOB IJTUPSJPHSÃàDB DPNPFTDSJUVSBEFM UJFNQP OPFTTJOPFMSFTVMUBEP EF VOB SFWPMVDJÓO UFMFUFDOP NFEJÃUJDB .JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB Heródoto y lo insepulto 1PS PUSB QBSUF MB QSPQJB EJTUJODJÓO FOUSF MPT BTQFDUPT GFOPNÊOJDPT EFM BDPOUFDJNJFOUP TV FYUFSJPS Z TV TFOUJEP P TJHOJàDBEP TV JOUFSJPS IB TJEP TFSJBNFOUF DVFTUJPOBEB FO MBT EJTDVTJPOFTDPOUFNQPSÃOFBT&MTJHOJàDBEPEFMPTBDPOUFDJNJFOUPT OP QVFEF EJTUJOHVJSTF EF TV PDVSSFODJB QFSPFTUBFTJOFTUBCMF áVJEB GBOUBTNBHÓSJDB 5BO GBOUBTNBHÓSJDB DPNP FM NPWJNJFOUPFODÃNBSBMFOUB FM ÃOHVMP JOWFSTP FM zoom y MBSFJUFSBDJÓOEFMBTSFQSFTFOUBDJPOFTFOWJEFPEFMBFYQMPTJÓOEFMChallenger FMBUBRVF BMBT5PSSFT(FNFMBTFO/VFWB :PSL P FM CPNCBSEFP BM 1BMBDJPEFMB.POFEBFO4BOUJBHP EF $IJMF 5PEP JOUFOUP EFQSPQPSDJPOBSVOBDPOTJEFSBDJÓO PCKFUJWB EFM BDPOUFDJ-
45
NJFOUP TFBPGSFDJFOEPBCVOEBOUFT EFUBMMFT P VCJDÃOEPMP FOTVDPOUFYUP EFCFUFOFSFO DVFOUB EPT DJSDVOTUBODJBT FMOÙNFSPEFEFUBMMFTJEFOUJàDBCMFT FO DVBMRVJFS BDPOUFDJNJFOUP TJOHVMBS FT QPUFODJBMNFOUFJOàOJUPZ FMDPOUFYUP EF DVBMRVJFS BDPOUFDJNJFOUP TJOHVMBS FT JOàOJUBNFOUF FYUFOTPPBMNFOPTOPEFUFSNJOBCMFEFNBOFSBPCKFUJWB &O $IJMF MB EJTDVTJÓO TPCSF FM FTUBUVUP EFM BDPOUFDJNJFOUP FO MB IJTUPSJB IB DPCSBEP FO FM ÙMUJNP UJFNQP HSBOJNQPSUBODJB1VFT EFBMHVOBGPSNBQVFEFEFDJSTFRVF FM TVSHJNJFOUP EF MB MMBNBEB j/VFWB )JTUPSJBv OP FT TJOP FMSFTVMUBEPEFPQPOFSVOBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎB BDPOUFDJNFOUBM B VOB IJTUPSJPHSBGÎB FTUSVDUVSBM -B WVFMUB BM jTVKFUP EF DBSOF ZIVFTPvSFDMBNBEBQPSIJTUPSJBEPSBT F IJTUPSJBEPSFT DPNP .BSÎB "OHÊMJDB *MMBOFT Z (BCSJFM 4BMB[BS OP TPMP TVQPOF VOB PQPTJDJÓO EFUFSNJOBEB B VOB DPNQSFOTJÓO FTUSVDUVSBMJTUB EF MB IJTUPSJB TJOP RVF BM NJTNP UJFNQP TVQPOF VOB BUFODJÓO QSJWJMFHJBEB B MB FNFSHFODJBEFMBDPOUFDJNJFOUP FOMBIJTUPSJB BBRVFMMBTTJOHVMBSJEBEFTJSSFEVDUJCMFTBVOEFUFSNJOBEPFTUBEPEFTJUVBDJÓO TPDJPIJTUÓSJDB
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
&OFMÃNCJUPEFMPTEFCBUFT DSÎUJDPTàMPTÓàDPT MB DVFTUJÓO EFM BDPOUFDJNJFOUP IB FODPOUSBEPVOMVHBSEFFYDFQDJÓOFO MB EJTQVUB TPTUFOJEB QPS /FMMZ 3JDIBSEZ8JMMZ5IBZFSTPCSFFM HPMQFEF&TUBEPEFMEFTFQUJFNCSF EF &TUB EJTQVUB
TF PSHBOJ[B FO UPSOP B MB QSFHVOUB QPS FM BDPOUFDJNJFOUP TPCSF MB QPTJCJMJEBE EF EJTUJOHVJS FOUSF VO BDPOUFDJNJFOUP Z VO QTFVEPBDPOUFDJNJFOUP Z BÙOIPZQFSNBOFDFTVTQFOEJEB TPCSF FM QFOTBNJFOUP IJTUPSJPHSÃàDPZàMPTÓàDPOBDJPOBM
r-FDUVSBTTVHFSJEBT/FMMZ3JDIBSE Fracturas de la memoria #VFOPT"JSFT 4JHMP99* 8JMMZ5IBZFS El fragmento repetido. Escritos en estado de excepción 4BOUJBHPEF$IJMF .FUBMFT1FTBEPT 4FSHJP3PKBT Pensar el acontecimiento. Variaciones sobre la emergencia 4BOUJBHPEF$IJMF 6OJWFSTJEBE"3$*4 .BSÎB "OHÊMJDB*MMBOFT j-BIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBAQPQVMBSVOBFQJTUFNPMPHÎBEFANVKFS$IJMF EÊDBEBEFv FOSolar. Estudios latinoamericanos / 4BOUJBHPEF$IJMF (BCSJFM4BMB[BS La historia desde abajo y desde dentro 4BOUJBHP EF $IJMF 6OJWFSTJEBE EF $IJMF .JHVFM 7BMEFSSBNB Heródoto y lo insepulto 4BOUJBHPEF$IJMF 1BMJOPEJB &MJ[BCFUI$PMMJOHXPPE4FMCZ El filo fotográfico de la historia 4BOUJBHPEF$IJMF &EJDJPOFT.FUBMFT1FTBEPT (JMMFT%FMFV[F La lógica del sentido .BESJE 1BJEÓT +BDRVFT%FSSJEB Decir el acontecimiento, ¿es posible? .BESJE "SFOB-JCSPT )BZEFO8IJUF El texto histórico como artefacto literario #VFOPT"JSFT 1BJEÓT 'SBOL"OLFSTNJU Historia y tropología. Auge y caída de la metáfora .ÊYJDP '$& 'SBOL "OLFSTNJU Experiencia histórica sublime 4BOUJBHPEF$IJMF 1BMJOPEJB %PNJOJDL-B$BQSB Historia en tránsito #VFOPT"JSFT 4JHMP99*
46
Historiografía postmoderna
"úëðñþ÷
&ö ûý ë÷öîñïýúéëñħö UÊDOJDB BSDIJWPMÓHJDB F IJTUPSJPHSÃàDB FM BSDIJWP OPNCSB FM GPOEP EPDVNFOUBM EF VO FTUBCMFDJNJFOUP : NÃT QSFDJTBNFOUF EFTDSJCFVODPOKVOUPEF EPDVNFOUPT TFBO DVBMFT TFBO TVT GPSNBT P TV TPQPSUF NBUFSJBM DVZP DSFDJNJFOUP TF IB FGFDUVBEP EF GPSNB PSHÃOJDB Z DVZB DPOTFSWBDJÓO SFTQFUB FTF DSFDJNJFOUP TJO EFTNFNCSBSMPKBNÃT&MBSDIJWPFTFO PUSPTUÊSNJOPTVOEFQÓTJUPEF FTDSJUPT VO DPOKVOUP EF UFTUJNPOJPT VOSFHJTUSPEFIVFMMBT JNÃHFOFTPTPOJEPT&YUFSJPSJEBE EF VO MVHBS DPOTUJUVDJÓO EF VOB JOTUBODJB EF BVUPSJEBE Z DPOTJHOBDJÓO MB DPOEJDJÓO EFM BSDIJWP FT MB EF VO BMNBDFOBNJFOUP EF JNQSFTJPOFT Z MBEFVOEFTDJGSBNJFOUPEFMBT NJTNBT%FBIÎRVF HVBSEBOEP àEFMJEBE BM TFOUJEP DPNQPSUBEP FO MB UÊDOJDB EF TV DPOàHVSBDJÓO 1BVM 3JDPFVS IB QPEJEP EFDMBSBS RVF UPEP 47
jBSDIJWPFTFTDSJUVSBv*ODMVTP BOUFTEFRVFMBQBMBCSBBSDIJWPSFNJUBIBDJBFMQBTBEP BMPT JOEJDJPTEFMBNFNPSJBDPOTJHOBEB BMBàEFMJEBEEFMBUSBEJDJÓO TV DPOàHVSBDJÓO UÊDOJDB ZB EFDMBSB RVF TV DPOEJDJÓO QSJNPSEJBM FT FM SFHJTUSP RVF MBGVODJÓOBSDÓOUJDBEFTVEFDJSTPMPFTQPTJCMFBDPOEJDJÓO EFMBJOTDSJQDJÓOZMBUSBOTDSJQDJÓO&MBSDIJWPBTÎSFTFÒBEPFT FMjIBZvEFMBSFQSFTFOUBDJÓO &O PUSPT UÊSNJOPT TJ TF BDVFSEB EFàOJS QPS BSDIJWP FM GPOEPEPDVNFOUBMEFVOBJOTUJUVDJÓO UFOESÎBRVFSFDPOPDFSTF EFJHVBMNPEP RVFMBTDPOEJDJPOFT EF QSPEVDDJÓO CBKP MBTDVBMFTTFPSHBOJ[BFMBMNBDFOBNJFOUP Z MB DPOTFSWBDJÓO EF MBT IVFMMBT EF MP ZB EJDIP DPSSFTQPOEFO HFOÊSJDBNFOUF B MBT DPOEJDJPOFT EF QSPEVDDJÓO EF TVT FOVODJBEPT &TUP BMNFOPT TJUBMZDPNPTVHJFSF +BDRVFT-F(PGG FTDJFSUPRVF USBT MB IBCMBEVSÎB MJCFSUJOB Z
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
QBSMBODIJOB EFM EPDVNFOUP TF FODVFOUSBMBJOTUSVDDJÓOQFEBHÓHJDBZNPSBMJ[BEPSBEFMNPOVNFOUP -B JEFOUJEBE RVF MB DSÎUJDB DPOUFNQPSÃOFB QBSFDF FTUBCMFDFSBTÎFOUSFEPDVNFOUP Z NPOVNFOUP OP WJFOF TJOP BEFWFMBSFOPUSPTUÊSNJOPTMB FTUSVDUVSBFMFNFOUBMEFEJTUJODJPOFT Z PQPTJDJPOFT RVF IJTUÓSJDBNFOUF IBO DPOTUJUVJEP B MB OPDJÓO NJTNB EF BSDIJWP &TUSVDUVSB FMFNFOUBM EF TJHOJàDBDJÓO RVF FODVFOUSB FO MB OPDJÓO EF jPCKFUJWJEBEv FM WBMPSGVOEBNFOUBMRVFIBBSUJDVMBEPVOTJOHVMBSSÊHJNFOEF QSPEVDDJÓO EF MB SFBMJEBE QBTBEB VOPSEFOZVOBNFUÓEJDB EFFOVODJBDJÓOEFMB)JTUPSJB : OP PCTUBOUF MB DSÎUJDB FO WFSEBEOPEFKBEFTFSQBSBEÓKJDB1VFT MBQBMBCSBEPDVNFOUP QPSUBEFTEFTVPSJHFOFMTJHOP EFVOBJOTUSVDDJÓO FMJNQFSBUJWPUFTUBNFOUBSJPEFVOBFOTFÒBO[B-BEFOVODJBEFMDPOUSBTFOUJEP OP JNQJEF DPOTJEFSBS TJOFNCBSHP BMPTFTDSJUPTEFM BSDIJWP DPNP EPDVNFOUPT FT EFDJS DPNPSFHJTUSPTPJOTDSJQDJPOFTQBTBEBTEFTQSPWJTUBTEF UPEBQSFUFOTJÓOFEJàDBOUF 1SFDJTBNFOUF BUFOEJFOEP B FTF DBSÃDUFS EF MPT FOVODJBEPT EFM BSDIJWP BM NVSNVMMP BOÓOJNPFJSSFTQPOTBCMFEFTV GB[ HFTUJDVMBOUF TF IB MMFHBEP B QSFTFOUBS FM BSDIJWP DPNP 48
VOTJTUFNBEFSFMBDJPOFTRVFTF DPOTUJUVZFBQBSUJSEFMPEJDIP ZMPOPEJDIP DPNPVOFTQBDJP àOJUPZQPTJCMFEFFOVODJBDJÓO IJTUÓSJDB %F BDVFSEP B FTUB DBSBDUFSJ[BDJÓO JTPNÓSàDB EFM NBUFSJBM EPDVNFOUBM FM BSDIJWP EFTJHOBSÎB FM NBSHFO FO RVFTFSFDPSUBZEFMJNJUBDBEB UPNB EF QBMBCSB : NÃT BNQMJBNFOUF OPNCSBSÎB FM TJTUFNB EF GVODJPOBNJFOUP EF VO DBNQP FOVODJBUJWP EBEP MB SFHVMBSJEBE RVF SJHF MB BQBSJDJÓO BDUVBMJEBEZUSBOTGPSNBDJÓO EF VO FOVODJBEP FO VOB ÊQPDBIJTUÓSJDBEFUFSNJOBEB &O MB UFPSÎB EF MB DVMUVSB QPTUNPEFSOB FM BSDIJWP FTUÃ FOFMDFOUSPEFMBTEJTDVTJPOFT EF MBT SFDJFOUFT UFPSÎBT DVMUVSBMFTEFjMPOVFWPvPjMPDPOUFNQPSÃOFPv%FBMHÙONPEP BRVFMMB QSFPDVQBDJÓO RVF FM IJTUPSJBEPSKVEÎPEFMBNFNPSJB :PTFG )BZJN :FSVTIBMNJ NBOJGFTUÓ TPCSF FM devenir archivo EF MBT TPDJFEBEFT DPOUFNQPSÃOFBTTFFODVFOUSBIPZ QSFTFOUF FO FM BDUVBM JOUFSÊT QPSMBjDVFTUJÓOEFMBSDIJWPv 4JOEVEBBMHVOB EFTQVÊTEFMB SFáFYJÓO EF .JDIFM 'PVDBVMU TPCSF FM BSDIJWP MB QSPCMFNÃUJDB BSDIJWPMÓHJDB QBSFDJFSB JNQMJDBS IPZ OP TPMP B MB IJQÓUFTJT RVF BEWJFSUF RVF FM BSDIJWPFTMBDPOEJDJÓOQSFWJB QBSBRVFQVFEBFYJTUJSBMHPBTÎ
Historiografía postmoderna
DPNPMBjIJTUPSJBv QVFT TPMP DVBOEP FM BSDIJWP FTUÃ EJTQPOJCMFQVFEFMMFWBSTFBDBCPFTB DPNQBSBDJÓO EF MP OVFWP DPO MPBOUJHVPRVFQSPEVDFMBIJTUPSJBDPNPUBM
TJOPRVF BEFNÃT MBOPDJÓONJTNBEFSFBMJEBEmZBTFBRVFTFMBDPOTJEFSF DPNP FYUFSJPS BM BSDIJWP ZB TFB RVF TF MB DPOTJEFSF DPNP FGFDUP EF VO PSEFO EF TJHOJàDBDJÓOEFUFSNJOBEPmQBSFDFSÎB
FTUBS DPOUFOEJEB P JNQMJDBEB FO MB EJTDVTJÓO DVMUVSBM EFM BSDIJWP &O QBMBCSBT EF #PSJT (SPZT FMBSDIJWPOPTPMPTFSÎB VOB NÃRVJOB EF QSPEVDDJÓO EF SFDVFSEPT VOB NÃRVJOB RVF GBCSJDB IJTUPSJB B QBSUJS EFMNBUFSJBMEFMBSFBMJEBERVF OPIBTJEPSFDPQJMBEP TJOPRVF TFSÎBVOBNÃRVJOBQSPEVDUPSB EFFTBEJGFSFODJBMMBNBEBjSFBMJEBEv
r-FDUVSBTTVHFSJEBT"OESFB(JVOUB Objetos mutantes. Sobre arte contemporáneo 4BOUJBHPEF$IJMF 1BMJOPEJB 1BVM3JDPFVS La memoria, la historia, el olvido .BESJE 5SPUUB
49
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
"ëüýéôñìéì
-é øéôéêúé éëüýéôñìéì es RVJ[ÃT VOB EF MBT NÃT EJGÎDJMFT EF BCPSEBS FO DVBMRVJFS TFNÃOUJDBIJTUÓSJDB&MQSPCMFNB QSJODJQBM EF TV BCPSEBKF OP SFTJEF UBOUP FO FM QFMJHSP TJFNQSF QSFTFOUF EF RVFEBS SF[BHBEP GSFOUF B FMMB NJTNB DPNP FO MBT DVFTUJPOFT RVF FM UÊSNJOP TVQPOF B MB BSRVJUFDUVSBNJTNBEFUPEBTFNÃOUJDB UFNQPSBM 1VFT MB QBMBCSB BDUVBMJEBEOPTPMPTVQPOFEJTUJOHVJSDPOGVFS[BFOUSFMPBDUVBM ZMPWJSUVBM OPTPMPTVQPOFEJGFSFODJBSMPBDUVBMEFMPQBTBEP TJOP RVF TVQPOF BEFNÃT GVOEBNFOUBMNFOUF EJTUJOHVJS FOUSFBDUPZQPUFODJB&TUBEJTUJODJÓO FT EF QPS TÎ DPNQMFKB QVFT FMMB UJFOEF B EFTEJCVKBSTFFOMBFYQFSJFODJB FOMPRVF 1BPMP7JSOPIBEBEPFOMMBNBS jFMSFDVFSEPEFMQSFTFOUFv 4JO FNCBSHP DPOWJFOF SFUFOFS MB OPDJÓO EF jBDUPv QBSB QFOTBS FM QSFTFOUF EF MB BDUVBMJEBE $PNP FTDSJ50
CF "SJTUÓUFMFT jFM BDUP FT FM FYJTUJS EF MB DPTBv &TUBS FO BDUPTJHOJàDBFTUBSQSFTFOUF&M WPDBCMP BDUVBMJEBE RVF FO FM VTPDPNÙOJOEJDBFMNPNFOUP FOFMDVBMTFFTUÃ FMIPZ BQVOUBBTÎBOUFUPEPBMDVNQMJNJFOUPEFVOBQPTJCJMJEBE BMBNBOJGFTUBDJÓOEFVOBGBDVMUBE FO TVNB B VOB SFBMJ[BDJÓO &TUB EFàOJDJÓO EF SBÎ[ BSJTUPUÊMJDB UJFOEFBWJODVMBSVOBIPSB BDUP ZVOFTUBEPEFQPUFODJB %F BIÎ RVF BMHVOPT DSÎUJDPT SFDIBDFO FTUÃ EFUFSNJOBDJÓO EFM UÊSNJOP BEWJSUJFOEP RVF VOBDUPTPMPHBOBQSFSSPHBUJWB UFNQPSBMEFQSFTFODJBBQBSUJS EF TV SFMBDJÓO OFHBUJWB DPO FM TFS QPUFODJBM FM DVBM FT TJFNQSFMBUFOUF JOBDUVBM &OPUSBT QBMBCSBT MB BDUVBMJEBE QBSB TFSUBM EFCFDPSUBSUPEPWÎODVMPDPOMBMBUFODJBEFMPQPUFODJBM6OBBDUVBMJEBETFSFMBDJPOBDPOFMQBTBEPZFMGVUVSP ZB TFB DPNP BDUVBMJEBE BOUJHVB ZB TFB DPNP BDUVBMJEBE QPS
Historiografía postmoderna
WFOJS -B EJTDVTJÓO TF DPNQMJDBTJTFJOUFOUBEFUFSNJOBSMBT EJGFSFODJBT FOUSF MB BDUVBMJEBE ZMPDPOUFNQPSÃOFP MBBDUVBMJEBEZMPOVFWP MBBDUVBMJEBE ZFMQSFTFOUF PMBBDUVBMJEBEZ MBNPEB "QFTBSEFFTUBTDPNQMJDBDJPOFT Z EFM WÊSUJHP RVF QVFEFO QSPEVDJS FT ÙUJM SFUFOFS FM VTP DPNÙO EFM WPDBCMP BDUVBMJEBE TJ MP RVF TF CVTDB FT BEWFSUJSFMDBSÃDUFSDPOTUSVJEP EFMBNJTNB FMFOPSNFUSBCBKPJOWFSUJEPFOFMBDUPEFUPEB BDUVBMJEBE -B BDUVBMJEBE FT IFDIB 1PS FMMP FT JNQPSUBOUF TBCFS EF RVÊ FTUÃ IFDIB QFSP BÙONÃTJNQPSUBOUFFTSFDPOPDFSRVFFTUÃIFDIB-BBDUVBMJEBEOPFTBMHPEBEP TJOPBMHP BDUJWBNFOUF QSPEVDJEP &MMB FT PSEFOBEB JOWFTUJEB Z QFSGPSNBUJWBNFOUF JOUFSQSFUBEB QPSVOBTFSJFEFQSPDFEJNJFOUPT KFSBSRVJ[BOUFT Z TFMFDUJWPT RVF TJFNQSF FTUÃO BM TFSWJDJP EFQPEFSFTFJOUFSFTFTEJWFSTPT -BjSFBMJEBEvEFMBBDUVBMJEBE TPMPMMFHBBMQSFTFOUFNFEJBOUF EJTQPTJUJWPTEFàDDJÓO BSUFGBDUPTEFDBQUVSBZSFDPOPDJNJFOUP RVF PSHBOJ[BO FM jBIPSBv IJTUÓSJDP DPNPMBOPDJÓONJTNBEFBSDIJWP -P RVF MMBNBNPT BDUVBMJEBE FTDSJCF 8JMMZ 5IBZFS OP FT VO QSFTFOUF OJ TJRVJFSB VO UJFNQPj.ÃTCJFOFTVOFTQB51
DJP FO RVF DPOáVZFO NFUPOÎNJDBNFOUF QSFTFOUFT NPEPT EF QSPEVDDJÓO NFUPOÎNJDPT BTVWF[ EFEJWFSTPPSEFO"M FTUBS DPOTUJUVJEB QPS UJFNQPT EFEJWFSTPPSEFO MBBDUVBMJEBE OP QVFEF DPOTUJUVJSTF DPNP QSFTFOUF $VBOEP EFTDSJCJNPT MB BDUVBMJEBE DPNP FTQBDJP FO RVF DPOáVZFO UJFNQPT EF EJWFSTP PSEFO UBNQPDP DPNQSFOEFNPT FM FTQBDJP DPNP VOTVFMPDPNÙOQSFWJPFORVF EJWFSTPT UJFNQPT RVFEBO DPOUFOJEPT -B BDUVBMJEBE OP FT VOBQSJPSJFTQBDJBMRVFBDPHF JMJNJUBEBNFOUF UFNQPSBMJEBEFT NÙMUJQMFT -B BDUVBMJEBE QMVSJUFNQPSBMOPFTQSFWJBBMB NVMUJUVEKBMPOBEBEFUJFNQPT EFMNJTNPNPEPRVFFMDVFSQP EF'SBOLFOTUFJOOPFTBOUFSJPS BMPTUSP[PTRVFMPDPNQPOFO -BBDUVBMJEBEOPQSFDFEFBMPT BSDIJWPT RVF MB QVFCMBO Z TF DPOTUJUVZF EFTEF MB QMÊUPSB EF QSFTFOUFT MFKBOPT FOUSF TÎ MFKBOPT UBNCJÊO EF TÎ NJTNPT RVF DPJODJEFO BDUJWBOEP NFNPSJBT BCSJFOEP QBTBKFT RVF TF EJTHSFHBO TJO DFOUSP 'SBHNFOUPTEJTQVFTUPTFOVOKVFHP EFBDFMFSBDJPOFTRVFBMDIPDBS PSP[BSTFQSPEVDFONFNPSJBT EJTZVODJPOFT QFOTBNJFOUPT NÃTWFMPDFTRVFMBTÎOUFTJT RVF FYDFEFO VO PSEFO SFTVFMUP EF SFQSFTFOUBDJÓO &TB BDUVBMJEBE PQFSB BOUFT DPNP TVQFS-
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
NFSDBEP DPNP JEFB BCTPMVUB 4BOUJBHP EF $IJMF &EJDJPOFT RVF DPNP SFEFODJÓOv 8JMMZ .FUBMFTQFTBEPT 5IBZFS El fragmento repetido
r-FDUVSBTTVHFSJEBT8JMMZ5IBZFS El fragmento repetido. Escritos en estado de excepción 4BOUJBHP EF $IJMF &EJDJPOFT.FUBMFT QFTBEPT 1BPMP7JSOP El recuerdo del presente. Ensayo sobre el tiempo histórico #VFOPT "JSFT 1BJEÓT (JBDPNP.BSSBNBP Minima temporalia. Tiempo, espacio, experiencia #BSDFMPOB (FEJTB (JBDPNP.BSSBNBP Kairós, Apología del tiempo oportuno #BSDFMPOB (FEJTB (JPSHJP "HBNCFO Qu’ est-ce que le contemporain? 1BSJT 1BZPU3JWBMFT 3FJOIBSU,PTFMMFDL Los estratos del tiempo: estudios sobre la historia #BSDFMPOB 1BJEÓT +BDRVFT %FSSJEB j5IF %FDPOTUSVDUJPO PG "DUVBMJUZv Radical Philosophy / -POESFT QQ
52
Historiografía postmoderna
Antinomia
&ö íô ìíêéüí TPCSF MB QPTUNPEFSOJEBEFTZBVOBDPOWFODJÓOIBCJUVBMEJTUJOHVJSMBBOUJOPNJBEFMBDPOUSBEJDDJÓO-B BàSNBDJÓOFTEF'SFESJD+BNFTPO ZTFFODVFOUSBFOFMMBSHP FOTBZPRVFFOLas semillas del tiempoEFEJDBBDBSBDUFSJ[BSMB MÓHJDB EF MB QPTUNPEFSOJEBE -B BOUJOPNJB BàSNB EPT QSPQPTJDJPOFT RVF TPO SBEJDBM Z BCTPMVUBNFOUF JODPNQBUJCMFT &O FTUF TFOUJEP FMMB FTUÃ NÃT DFSDB EF MB PQPTJDJÓO Z EF MB DPOUSBEJDDJÓOMÓHJDBRVFEFMB DPOUSBEJDDJÓOEJBMÊDUJDB 'SFESJD +BNFTPO OP TF FRVJWPDBBMBEWFSUJSRVFMPRVF TF FODVFOUSB USBT MB DSFDJFOUF QPQVMBSJEBE EF MB BOUJOPNJB FO FM QFOTBNJFOUP DPOUFNQPSÃOFP FTFMEFTFPEFEFTQMB[BS P EFWBMVBS MB OPDJÓO EF DPOUSBEJDDJÓO EJBMÊDUJDB EFM BOÃMJTJTIJTUÓSJDP&OFTUFTFOUJEP FTUF FTGVFS[P EF DMBSJàDBDJÓO BOBMÎUJDBQPTUFTUSVDUVSBMJTUBFT QSPGVOEBNFOUFBOUJIFHFMJBOP 53
QVFTTFEFTBSSPMMBFOPQPTJDJÓO B UPEPT BRVFMMPT BOÃMJTJT IJTUÓSJDPT RVF UJFOFO FO MB EJBMÊDUJDB IFHFMJBOB mDPOTDJFOUF P JODPOTDJFOUFNFOUFm TV NBUSJ[ EF BOÃMJTJT &TUB PQPTJDJÓO FT àMPTÓàDBP BMNFOPT TFPSHBOJ[BFOUPSOPBMOÙDMFPàMPTÓàDPRVFPSHBOJ[BMPTEJTDVSTPT IJTUPSJPHSÃàDPTNPEFSOPT&O MPTEFCBUFTTPCSFMBTOPDJPOFT EF jBOUJOPNJBv Z jDPOUSBEJDDJÓOv TF KVFHB FO PUSBT QBMBCSBT VO PSEFO EF EJTDVSTP IJTUPSJPHSÃàDP VO NPEP EF SFQSFTFOUBDJÓO EF MB IJTUPSJB &TUB EJTDVTJÓO RVF 3BOBKJU (VIBEFTDSJCFFOUÊSNJOPTOBSSBUPMÓHJDPT FTEFDJS BUFOEJFOEPBMBFTUSVDUVSBQSPGVOEBEF TJHOJàDBDJÓO EF MB OBSSBDJÓO IJTUPSJPHSÃàDB OP TPMP BGFDUB P JODVNCF B MPT NPEPT EF SFQSFTFOUBS MB jSFBMJEBEv EF MB )JTUPSJB TJOP RVF UBNCJÊO EFUFSNJOBMPTQSPCMFNBTQSJODJQBMFT EF MB FQJTUFNPMPHÎB IJTUPSJPHSÃàDB ZBTFBBUSBWÊT
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
EFMBWBMJEBDJÓOEFMPTQSPHSBNBTEFJOWFTUJHBDJÓOEFMBEJTDJQMJOB IJTUÓSJDB FO UÊSNJOPT FQJTUFNPMÓHJDPT DBVTBMJEBE IJTUÓSJDB EFUFSNJOBDJÓO EF SFHVMBSJEBEFT TPDJPIJTUÓSJDBT KVTUJàDBDJÓO EFM FTUBUVUP DJFOUÎàDPEFMDPOPDJNJFOUPIJTUÓSJDP FUDÊUFSB
ZBTFBBUSBWÊTEF TV JOWBMJEBDJÓO B QBSUJS EF VO DVFTUJPOBNJFOUPEFMPTNBSDPT IJTUÓSJDPT RVF DPOEJDJPOBSPO MBDPOTUSVDDJÓOEFMBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎBNPEFSOB -B BDUVBMJEBE EF MB BOUJOPNJB TF EFCF QSJNBSJBNFOUF B MB EFDPOTUSVDDJÓO DVBOEP QBSUJDVMBSNFOUF FO NBOPT EF 1BVM EF .BO TF DPOWJSUJÓ FO FMJOTUSVNFOUPQBSBTBDBSBMB MV[ UPEP BRVFMMP RVF FTUVWJFSBFODPOáJDUPDPOTJHPNJTNP EFOUSPEFVOQFOTBNJFOUPZVO
MFOHVBKF BMBWF[RVFTFTVCSBZBCBTVFTFODJBMQBSÃMJTJTFJNQSPEVDUJWJEBE FO VOB FTQFDJF EF jFOUVNFDJNJFOUP DPODFQUVBMv 'SFESJD +BNFTPO %F MBT BOUJOPNJBT TF QVFEF DPODMVJS RVF PSHBOJ[BO DPODFQUVBMNFOUF MB SFQSFTFOUBDJÓO EFMPDPOUFNQPSÃOFP yPEFMP QPTUDPOUFNQPSÃOFP B QBSUJS EFM KVFHP EF PQPTJDJPOFT Z BMUFSOBODJBT FOUSF JEFOUJEBE Z EJGFSFODJB +VFHP EF PQPTJDJPOFTZBMUFSOBODJBTRVFQBSBDSÎUJDPTFIJTUPSJBEPSFTDPNP'SFESJD+BNFTPOP1FSSZ"OEFSTPO FYQPOF TJO EVEB VOB DJFSUB FTUSFDIF[PCMPRVFPEFMQFOTBNJFOUPQPTUNPEFSOP QFSPRVF QBSBIJTUPSJBEPSFTDPNP,FJUI +FOLJOTP)BZEFO8IJUFSFWFMBO MPT JNQBTFT Z BQPSÎBT EFM UJFNQPQSFTFOUF
r -FDUVSBT TVHFSJEBT 'SFESJD +BNFTPO Las semillas del tiempo .BESJE 5SPUUB 3BOBKJU(VIB Las voces de la historia .BESJE $SÎUJDB 1FSSZ"OEFSTPO Los orígenes de la postmodernidad #BSDFMPOB "OBHSBNB 1BVMEF.BO La ideología estética .BESJE 5FDOPT
54
Historiografía postmoderna
Aporía
$÷õ÷êñíöéìþñíúüí+BDRVFT %FSSJEB MB QBMBCSB jBQPSÎBv FT VOB QBMBCSB HSJFHB HBTUBEB EFUBOUPVTP jGBUJHBEBEFàMPTPGÎB Z EF MÓHJDBv -B QBMBCSB jBQPSÎBv BQBSFDF QPS QSJNFSB WF[FOFMUFYUPEFMBFísica IV CB EF "SJTUÓUFMFT &M DPOUFYUP EF BQBSJDJÓO EFM UÊSNJOP FT FM QSPCMFNB EFM UJFNQP EF TV EFàOJDJÓO Z OBUVSBMF[B "SJTUÓUFMFT FYBNJOB QBDJFOUFNFOUF MPT BUPMMBEFSPT MÓHJDPTBRVFTFFOGSFOUBDVBMRVJFSJOUFOUPEFEFUFSNJOBDJÓO EF MB FYJTUFODJB EFM UJFNQP B MBT jBQPSÎBTv V PQPTJDJPOFT RVF DPNQPSUB UPEP FTGVFS[P EF EFàOJDJÓO &TUBT BQPSÎBT BEWFSUJSÎBOEFMBJNQPTJCJMJEBE EFFMBCPSBSVODPODFQUPWVMHBS EF UJFNQP C
UBM Z DPNP QPESÎBFTQFSBSTFEFVOFYBNFO EFMPTTVQVFTUPTPBUSJCVUPTEF FYJTUFODJB EFM TFS %FSSJEB SFUPNBOEP TV EFàOJDJÓO MJUFSBM SFDVFSEB RVF jBQPSÎBv TJHOJàDB jTJO DBNJOPv jDBNJOP TJO 55
TBMJEBv jEJàDVMUBEv Apories. (BMJMÊF &O VO TFOUJEP àHVSBEP QPESÎBNPT BHSFHBS MB BQPSÎB FT FOUFOEJEB DBTJ TJFNQSFDPNPVOBQSPQPTJDJÓO TJOTBMJEBMÓHJDB DPNPVOBEJàDVMUBEMÓHJDBJOTVQFSBCMF -BBQPSÎBQPESÎBTFSMMBNBEBmZBTÎFGFDUJWBNFOUFMPBEWJFSUF FM àMÓTPGP FTQBÒPM +PTÊ 'FSSBUFS .PSBm BOUJOPNJB P QBSBEPKB "TÎ PDVSSF DPO MBT QBSBEPKBT EF ;FOÓO UBNCJÊO MMBNBEBTBQPSÎBTPEJàDVMUBEFT EF;FOÓOEF&MFB SFDVÊSEFTF FOUSFPUSBT MBGBNPTBQBSBEPKB EF j"RVJMFT Z MB UPSUVHBv &O FM ÃNCJUP EF MB USBEJDJÓO àMPTÓàDB MBjBQPSÎBvFTUÃBTPDJBEBBMFTDFQUJDJTNP&OMBFTDFOBEFEFCBUFTQPTUNPEFSOPT MBJOUSPEVDDJÓOEFMBTBQPSÎBT EF VO QFOTBNJFOUP EF MB BQPSÎB ZEFMPRVFUBNCJÊOQPESÎB MMBNBSTFVOBBQPSÊUJDB TFEFCF QSJODJQBMNFOUF B MPT USBCBKPT EFTBSSPMMBEPT FO MB BUNÓTGFSB EFM FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP Z FM QPTU
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP GSBODÊT 4JO QSFUFOEFS FTUBCMFDFS QBUFSOJEBEFT Z àMJBDJPOFT ZB +BNFT +PZDF OPT BEWFSUÎB RVF MB QBUFSOJEBEFTVOBjàDDJÓOMFHBMv VOFNQFÒPEFMBWPMVOUBE
QPESÎB SFDPOPDFSTF FO MPT OPNCSFTEF+BDRVFT-BDBOZ-PVJT "MUIVTTFS QVOUPT JNQPSUBOUFT EFSVQUVSBPJOáFYJÓOSFTQFDUP BMBUSBEJDJÓOEJBMÊDUJDBQSFEPNJOBOUFFOMPTBOÃMJTJTIJTUÓSJDPàMPTÓàDPT EFM TJHMP WFJOUF
BTÎ DPNP UBNCJÊO OP IBCSÎB RVF EFTDPOPDFS FO FM USBCBKP EFàMÓTPGPTDPNP+BDRVFT%FSSJEB Z +FBO'SBOÉPJT -ZPUBSE PUSPT NPNFOUPT JNQPSUBOUFT EF EFTBSSPMMP EF VOB BQPSÊUJDB EFM UJFNQP QSFTFOUF &O FM ÃNCJUP EFM BOÃMJTJT EF MB BQPSÎB RVJ[ÃMPTUSBCBKPTEF+FBO $MBVEF.JMOFSIBOTJEPGVOEBNFOUBMFT FO SFDPOPDFS MB SBÎ[ MJUFSBSJBEFFTUFQFOTBNJFOUP
r-FDUVSBTTVHFSJEBT+BDRVFT%FSSJEB Aporías. Esperarse en los límites de la verdad .BESJE 1BJEÓT +BDRVFT -BDBO El Seminario. Libro 11. Los cuatro conceptos fundamentales del psicoanálisis #BSDFMPOB &EJUPSJBM1BJEÓT +FBO$MBVEF.JMOFS Détections fictives 1BSJT EJUJPOTEV4FVJM +FBO'SBOÉPJT-ZPUBSE La diferencia #BSDFMPOB &EJUPSJBM 1BJEÓT 4MBWPK ;J[FL Mirando al sesgo. Una introducción a Jacques Lacan a través de la cultura popular .ÊYJDP &EJUPSJBM 1BJEÓT 2000.
56
Historiografía postmoderna
"öéëú÷öñûõ÷
&ô éöéëú÷öñûõ÷ OP FYJTUF DPNP DPODFQUP JOEJWJEVBMJ[BEP mP DPNP FOUSBEB EF ÎOEJDFmFOMBTCJCMJPHSBGÎBTTPCSFFM UJFNQP FO MB UFPSÎB EF MB IJTUPSJPHSBGÎB EF #FOFEFUUP $SPDF FOMBàMPTPGÎBEFMBIJTUPSJB DPOUBEB QPS 3BZNPOE "SPO FO FM DPOPDJNJFOUP IJTUÓSJDP TFHÙO )FOSJ*SÊOÊF .BSSPV FOMBTDBUFHPSÎBTFOMBIJTUPSJB EF$IBJN1FSFMNBO FOMBNFUPEPMPHÎBEFMBIJTUPSJBEFMPT EJTDÎQVMPT EF 'FSOBOE #SBVEFM OJ FO MPT UFNBT EF MPT ÎOEJDFTEFMBSFWJTUBEFAnnales. *ODMVTP QPESÎB BHSFHBSTF FM DPODFQUP OP TF FODVFOUSB FO MB HVÎB EF MB IJTUPSJB EFDPOTUSVDDJPOJTUB PGSFDJEB SFDJFOUFNFOUFQPSFMIJTUPSJBEPSJOHMÊT "MVO .VOTMPX &M BOBDSPOJTNP FT VO UÊSNJOP NBMEJUP FO IJTUPSJPHSBGÎB &T VOP EF MPT NBZPSFT QFDBEPT RVF QVFEF DPNFUFSFMIJTUPSJBEPSPMBIJTUPSJBEPSB2VJ[ÃTQFSUFOF[DBB -VDJFO'FCWSFFMFYUSBÒPQSJWJ57
MFHJPEFIBCFSTJEPFMQSJNFSP FO GPSNVMBS DPO OPUBCMF DMBSJEBE MB DPOEFOB EFM UÊSNJOP "OBDSPOJTNP j-B FUJRVFUB NF FTDBOEBMJ[B &T VO QPDP HVBSEBOEP MBT QSPQPSDJPOFT DPNPTJTFRVJTJFSB FOFMDJOF NPTUSBSNFB$ÊTBSNVFSUPQPS VO EJTQBSP EF browning *ODMVTP NÃT HSBWF QVFT FM BOBDSPOJTNP EFM VUJMMBKF NBUFSJBM OPUJFOFFMNJTNPQFTPRVFFM BOBDSPOJTNP EFM VUJMMBKF NFOUBMv Annales %FàOJEP DPNP MB JOUSVTJÓO EF VOB ÊQPDB FO PUSB F JMVTUSBEP QPS FM FKFNQMP TVSSFBMJTUB RVF WF B$ÊTBSTJOMBDBKBDSBOFBOBZ DPO MPT TFTPT BM BJSF QPS DBVTBEFVOEJTQBSPEFbrowning FM BOBDSPOJTNP FT FYQVFTUP Z DPOEFOBEP EF VO NPEP NÃT FYQMÎDJUP QPS FM IJTUPSJBEPS GSBODÊT FO MB JOUSPEVDDJÓO EF TV DMÃTJDP FTUVEJP TPCSF MB SFMJHJÓOEF3FCFMBJTj-BIJTUPSJB FTIJKBEFTVUJFNQP/PMPEJHP FO WFSEBE QBSB SFCBKBSMB w
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
$BEBÊQPDBTFGPSKBNFOUBMNFOUFTVVOJWFSTP w -BFMBCPSB DPO TVT QSPQJPT EPUFT DPO TV JOHFOJP FTQFDÎàDP TVT DVBMJEBEFT Z TVT JODMJOBDJPOFT DPO UPEPMPRVFMBEJTUJOHVFEFMBT ÊQPDBT BOUFSJPSFT w FM QSPCMFNB DPOTJTUF FO EFUFSNJOBS DPO FYBDUJUVE MB TFSJF EF QSFDBVDJPOFT RVF EFCFO UPNBSTF ZEFQSFTDSJQDJPOFTBRVFVOP EFCF TPNFUFSTF QBSB FWJUBS FM QFDBEP NBZPS EF UPEPT MPT QFDBEPT FMNÃT JSSFNJTJCMF EF UPEPT FM BOBDSPOJTNPv -VDJFO 'FCWSF Le Problème de l’incroyance au XVI siècle. La religión de Rabelais 1BSJT "MCJO.JDIFM Q j$FTBSNVFSUPQPSVOEJTQBSPEFbrowningvFTFMFKFNQMP KVTUP EF BOBDSPOJTNP IJTUÓSJDP&MFKFNQMPTVQPOFVOB DPJODJEFODJB FTUSVDUVSBM FOUSF VOPSEFODSPOPMÓHJDPZVOPSEFONFOUBM/PTFQVFEFSFUSPDFEFSFOFMUJFNQPFJOUSPEVDJS FMFNFOUPTEFÊQPDBTGVUVSBTFO ÊQPDBT QBTBEBT /P TF QVFEF JOUSPEVDJS VO BSNB EF GVFHP DPOUFNQPSÃOFB FO FM UJFNQP EFM *NQFSJP 3PNBOP 1FSP BM NJTNP UJFNQP VO IJTUPSJBEPS P IJTUPSJBEPSB OP EVEBSÎB FO BàSNBS RVF VO BOÃMJTJT EF MB DPOKVSB QPMÎUJDB FO MB BOUJHVB 3PNB QPESÎB WFSTF CFOFàDJBEP EF MPT BOÃMJTJT Z FKFN-
58
QMPT EF MB DPOKVSB QPMÎUJDB FO MB ÊQPDB DPOUFNQPSÃOFB -B BQPSÎB RVF QBSFDF EFTQVOUBS FO FTUB PCTFSWBDJÓO FODVFOUSB TVNBOJGFTUBDJÓONÃTDMBSBFO MB JEFB DSPDFBOB RVF BEWJFSUF RVF UPEB IJTUPSJB FT IJTUPSJB DPOUFNQPSÃOFB y2VÊ BDUJUVE BEPQUBSGSFOUFBFTUBBQPSÎBEFM DPOPDJNJFOUP IJTUÓSJDP y4F QVFEF JHOPSBS MB BQPSÎB RVF QMBOUFB FM BOBDSPOJTNP y4F QVFEFSFJWJOEJDBSFMBOBDSPOJTNP FO IJTUPSJB )JTUPSJBEPSFT EFM BSUF DPNP (FPSHFT %JEJ )VCFSNBO P IJTUPSJBEPSBT EF MB BOUJHÛFEBE DPNP /JDPMF -PSBVY IBO FNQSFOEJEP SFDJFOUFNFOUF FM USBCBKP EF SFIBCJMJUBDJÓO EFM BOBDSPOJTNP &TUB SFIBCJMJUBDJÓO DPOMMFWB VO FTGVFS[P TVQSFNP EF USBTUPDBDJÓO P USBTUPSOBDJÓO EFM UJFNQP IJTUÓSJDP TVQPOF FO PUSBT QBMBCSBT QFOTBS RVF FYJTUFONPEPTEFDPOFYJÓOFO MB IJTUPSJB RVF QPEFNPT MMBNBSQPTJUJWBNFOUFBOBDSPOÎBT BDPOUFDJNJFOUPT OPDJPOFT TJHOJàDBDJPOFTRVFUPNBOFMUJFNQPBMSFWÊT RVFIBDFODJSDVMBS FM TFOUJEP EF VOB NBOFSB RVF FTDBQB B UPEB DPOUFNQPSBOFJEBE BUPEBJEFOUJEBEEFMUJFNQP DPOTJHP NJTNP -B QSPQJB JEFBEFNVMUJQMJDJEBEEFMÎOFBT UFNQPSBMFT EF UJFNQPT IJTUÓSJDPT EJWFSTPT JODMVJEPT FO
Historiografía postmoderna
VO jNJTNPv UJFNQP IJTUÓSJDP FT MB DPOEJDJÓO EFM IBDFS IJTUÓSJDP &M BOBDSPOJTNP FT EF FTUF NPEP QFOTBEP DPNP VO TFHNFOUP EF UJFNQP DPNP VOB FTRVJSMB EF TFOUJEP RVF JMVNJOBVONPNFOUPIJTUÓSJDP EFUFSNJOBEP&YQVFTUPFOVOB HSBNÃUJDBCFOKBNJOJBOB FOFM MFOHVBKF EFM #FOKBNJO EF MBT TesisTPCSFMBIJTUPSJB FMBOBDSPOJTNP FT MB QSÃDUJDB EF MB IJTUPSJBBDPOUSBQFMP FTVOTBMUPEFUJHSFIBDJBFMQBTBEP FT FMDFQJMMPNBUFSJBMJTUBVUJMJ[BEP BDPOUSBQFMPEFMBIJTUPSJB 1BSB IJTUPSJBEPSFT DPNP %JEJ)VCFSNBO FM BOBDSPOJTNP TVSHF FO FM QMJFHVF FYBDUP EF MB SFMBDJÓO FOUSF JNBHFO F IJTUPSJB&OTFOUJEPFTUSJDUP FM BOBDSPOJTNP OPNCSB MB TVTQFOTJÓORVFUPEBJNBHFOQSPEVDF FO MB IJTUPSJB RVF QPSUB MB TVQFSWJWFODJB EF NFNPSJBT NÙMUJQMFT Z DPOUSBEJDUPSJBT )JTUPSJB TJODPQBEB IJTUPSJB EF TÎOUPNBT MB MMBNB %JEJ )VCFSNBO &TUB IJTUPSJB TFSÎB VOB IJTUPSJB EF VOB IFUFSPHF-
OFJEBE SBEJDBM EF SVQUVSBT EF FNFSHFODJBT BM QVOUP RVF TÓMPIBCSÎBIJTUPSJBEFBOBDSPOJTNPT jIJTUPSJB BOBDSÓOJDBv %JEJ)VCFSNBO Ante el tiempo Q 1BSB/JDPMF-PSBVY VOB EFGFOTB EFM BOBDSPOJTNP FOIJTUPSJBPCMJHBSÎBBQSFHVOUBS QPSFKFNQMP QPSRVÊFOMPT USBCBKPT EF IJTUPSJBEPSFT UBO JNQPSUBOUFTQBSBFMEFTBSSPMMP BDUVBMEFMPTFTUVEJPTDMÃTJDPT DPNPTPO1JFSSF7JEBM/BRVFU Z+FBO1JFSSF7FSOBSU MBTSFGFSFODJBT B 'SFVE P B /JFU[TDIF FTUÃOBVTFOUFTPTJMFODJBEBT -BEJTZVODJÓOFOMBQSFTFODJBNJTNBEFMQSFTFOUF FTBFTQFDJFEFOPDPOUFNQPSBOFJEBE DPOTJHP NJTNP EFM UJFNQP FT BMHPRVFMBjBOBDSPOÎBvEJDFZ OPEJDFBMBWF[1BSBFYQSFTBSMPFOUÊSNJOPTEF%FSSJEB EFM %FSSJEBEFEspectros de Marx MB BOBDSPOÎB FO IJTUPSJB OPNCSBSÎBVOQFOTBNJFOUPBCJFSUP BMQPSWFOJSEFMBDPOUFDJNJFOUP BMBQSPNFTBEFTVSBEJDBMIFUFSPHFOFJEBE
r -FDUVSBT TVHFSJEBT8BMUFS #FOKBNJO La dialéctica en suspenso. Fragmentos sobre historia 4BOUJBHP EF $IJMF 6OJWFSTJEBE"3$*4-0.FEJDJPOFT "EPMGP8JMMZ Historia a contrapelo. Una constelación .ÊYJDP &EJDJPOFT&SB (FPSHFT %JEJ)VCFSNBO Ante el tiempo. Historia del arte y anacronismo de las imágenes #VFOPT"JSFT "ESJBOB )JEBMHP FEJUPSB +BDRVFT %FSSJEB Espectros
59
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
de Marx. El estado de la deuda, el trabajo del duelo y la nueva internacional .BESJE &EJUPSJBM 5SPUUB /JDPMF-PSBVY j&MPHFEF MBOBDISPOJTNF FO IJTUPJSFv Le Genre humain / 1BSJT QQ +BDRVFT 3BODJÍSF j-F DPODFQU EBOBDISPOJTNFFUMBWFSJUBEFMIJTUPSJFOv L’Inactuel / 1BSJT QQ-VDJFO'FCWSF El problema de la incredulidad en el siglo XVI. La religión de Rabelais .ÊYJDP 65&)" "OESÊ #VSHVJÍSF EJS
Diccionario de las Ciencias históricas .BESJE &EJDJPOFT"LBM +FTÙT /BWBSSP Cómo hacer filosofía con palabras. A propósito del desencuentro entre Searle y Derrida .ÊYJDP 'POEPEF $VMUVSB &DPOÓNJDB +BDRVFT %FSSJEB Z .BVSJ[JP 'FSSBSJT El gusto del secreto #VFOPT"JSFT "NPSSPSUV &MÎBT+PTÊ1BMUJ j%FDPOTUSVDDJPOJTNPv FO$BSMPT "MUBNJSBOP EJS
Términos críticos de sociología de la cultura #VFOPT"JSFT 1BJEÓT 3FOÊ#BF[B Resistencias: Economía de la inscripción en Jacques Derrida 4BOUJBHPEF$IJMF &EJUPSJBM"3$*4 *WÃO5SVKJMMP Jacques Derrida, estética y política 4BOUJBHPEF$IJMF 1BMJOPEJB +BDRVFT%FSSJEB Márgenes de la filosofía .BESJE $ÃUFESB +BDRVFT%FSSJEB La escritura y la diferencia .BESJE "OUISPQPT +BDRVFT%FSSJEB Espectros de Marx .BESJE 5SPUUB
92
Historiografía postmoderna
&ûüúýëüýúéôñûõ÷
Derivado deFTUSVDUVSB structura FO MBUÎO EFM WFSCP struere
UJFOFEFQBSUJEBVOTFOUJEP BSRVJUFDUÓOJDP -B FTUSVDUVSB EFTJHOB MB GPSNB FO RVF FTUÃ DPOTUSVJEP VO FEJàDJP &O MPT TJHMPT 97** y 97*** FM TFOUJEP EFM UÊSNJOP FTUSVDUVSB TF NPEJàDBZTFBNQMÎBQPSBOBMPHÎB DPOMPTTFSFTWJWPT&MUÊSNJOP BERVJFSFFOUPODFTFMTFOUJEPEF MBEFTDSJQDJÓOBDFSDBEFMBGPSNBFORVFMBTQBSUFTEFVOTFS DPODSFUP TF PSHBOJ[BO FO VOB UPUBMJEBE "VTFOUFFO)FHFM FMUÊSNJOP FTUSVDUVSB FT EFTBSSPMMBEP DPO QSPQJFEBE FO FM DBNQP EFMBUFPSÎBEFMBTPDJFEBEQPS &NJMF%VSLIFJN Las reglas del método sociológico -B FTUSVDUVSB EB PSJHFO FOUPODFT BMOFPMPHJTNPFTUSVDUVSBMJTNP &O FM ÃNCJUP EF MB QTJDPMPHÎB FM FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP OBDF FOUSF MPT QTJDÓMPHPT QBSB PQPOFSTF BMBQTJDPMPHÎBGVODJPOBMBDPNJFO[PT EFM TJHMP WFJOUF QFSP FMWFSEBEFSPQVOUPEFQBSUJEB
93
FOTVBDFQDJÓONPEFSOBFOMBT DJFODJBT IVNBOBT QSPWJFOF EF MBMJOHÛÎTUJDB &O TV DÊMFCSF MJCSP Antropología estructural $MBVEF -ÊWJ4USBVTT BTJHOBCB DPNP PCKFUP B MBT DJFODJBT FTUSVDUVSBMFTBRVFMMPRVFjQSFTFOUBVO DBSÃDUFS EF TJTUFNBv FT EFDJS UPEP DPOKVOUP EFM DVBM OJOHVOP EF MPT FMFNFOUPT QVFEF TFS NPEJàDBEP TJO QSPWPDBS VOBNPEJàDBDJÓOEFUPEPTMPT EFNÃT $PO UBM PCKFUJWP FO NFOUF FM BOUSPQÓMPHP GSBODÊT QSPQPOÎB DPNP JOTUSVNFOUP MB DPOTUSVDDJÓO EF NPEFMPT Z DPNP MFZ EF TV JOUFMJHJCJMJEBE MPT HSVQPT EF USBOTGPSNBDJÓO RVF HPCJFSOBO MB FRVJWBMFODJB FOUSF NPEFMPT Z QSFTJEFO TVT FOTBNCMBNJFOUPT 4J IVCJFSB RVF BUFOFSTF B FTUB EFàOJDJÓO FYUFOTB EF FTUSVDUVSB MB NBUFNÃUJDB Z MB GÎTJDB TFSÎBO TJO EVEBMBTDJFODJBTQJMPUPTEFMB FNQSFTBFTUSVDUVSBMJTUB*OUFOUBOEP QSFDJTBS DPO NÃT SJHPS FM jDBNQPv EF JNQBDUP RVF
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
MB JEFB EF FTUSVDUVSB DPOMMFWB FO MBT DJFODJBT IVNBOBT FO TV DPOUSJCVDJÓO B MB TFSJF RVF EJUJPOTEV4FVJMEFEJDÓBMNPWJNJFOUPFTUSVDUVSBMJTUBBàOFT EF MPT BÒPT TFTFOUB 'SBOÉPJT 8BIM EFàOJÓ FM FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP TJNQMFNFOUF DPNP FM SÓUVMPRVFBHSVQBBMBTjDJFODJBT EFM TJHOP EF MPT TJTUFNBT EF TJHOPTv %FTEF FTUB QFSTQFDUJWB MBT FTUSVDUVSBT PCKFUP EF DPOPDJNJFOUP TFSÎBO BRVFMMBT RVF TF QSFTUBO QBSB FM JOUFSDBNCJPFOUSFMPTIPNCSFTQPS FMIFDIPEFMBTJHOJàDBDJÓORVF FOHFOESBO-BDFTVSBFTUSVDUVSBMJTUB QFOTBEBFOTVFTQFDJàDJEBE QBTBSÎBFOUPODFTOFDFTBSJBNFOUFQPSFM signo François Wahl, Qu`est-ce que le structuralisme? Philosophie &O MBT DJFODJBT TPDJBMFT Z IVNBOBT FM FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP QBSFDFJNQPOFSTFTJODPOUSBQFTPBQBSUJSEFTVÊYJUPFO'SBODJBEVSBOUFMPTBÒPTDJODVFOUB ZTFTFOUB4FHÙO'SBOÉPJT%PTTF FM USJVOGP EFM QBSBEJHNB FTUSVDUVSBMJTUB FT FM SFTVMUBEP EFVODPOUFYUPIJTUÓSJDPQBSUJDVMBS NBSDBEPEFTEF àOFT EFM TJHMP 9*9 QPS MB JODMJOBDJÓO QSPHSFTJWBEF0DDJEFOUFIBDJB VOB UFNQPSBMJEBE GSÎB 1FSP BM NJTNP UJFNQP FT FM GSVUP EFM OPUBCMF EFTBSSPMMP EF MBT DJFODJBTTPDJBMFT ZEFTVBQMBTUBOUFWJDUPSJBTPCSFMBTIVNB94
OJEBEFT DMÃTJDBT 4JHVJFOEP FM DPOTFKP RVF 3PMBOE #BSUIFT EB B MPT GVUVSPT IJTUPSJBEPSFT EFMFTUSVDUVSBMJTNP FTQPTJCMF QSFTFOUBS BM FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP B QBSUJSEFUSFTSBNBTPDPSSJFOUFT QBSBEJHNÃUJDBT VO FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP DJFOUJàDJTUB SFQSFTFOUBEP GVOEBNFOUBMNFOUF QPS $MBVEF -FWJ4USBVTT +VMJÃO (SFJNBT P +BDRVFT -BDBO VO FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP áFYJCMF POEVMBOUF P QMÃTUJDP FYQVFTUP FO MBT àHVSBT EF 3PMBOE #BSUIFT (ÊSBSE (FOFUUF 5[WFUBO 5PEPSPW P .JDIFM 4FSSFT Z VO FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP IJTUPSJ[BEP FODBSOBEP FO MPT USBCBKPT EF +BDRVFT %FSSJEB .JDIFM 'PVDBVMU +FBO1JFSSF 7FSOBOU 1JFSSF #PVSEJFV Z -PVJT "MUIVTTFS -B DMBTJàDBDJÓO PGSFDJEB QPS #BSUIFT FT JOEJDBUJWB EF RVF FM FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP NÃT RVF VOB jFTDVFMBv FT VO jNPWJNJFOUPv USBOTWFSTBM B EJTDJQMJOBT Z DVFSQPT UFÓSJDPT 1PS FTUÃ SB[ÓO OP QVFEF IBCMBSTF QSPQJBNFOUF EF VO jQBESF GVOEBEPSv EFM FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP UBNQPDPQVFEFIBCMBSTF EF DJTNBT P RVJFCSFT P SVQUVSBT FO FM DPSQVT EF TVT QSPQPTJDJPOFT &UJFOOF#BMJCBSQPMFNJ[BOEPDPO+FBO$MBVEF.JMOFSIB PCTFSWBEP SFDJFOUFNFOUF RVF FMFTUSVDUVSBMJTNPTFSÎBVONPWJNJFOUP FTFODJBMNFOUF àMP
Historiografía postmoderna
TÓàDP Z OP VO NPWJNJFOUP DPNPQFOTBSÎB.JMOFS RVFUFOESÎBFOMBTQSPQPTJDJPOFTEFMB MJOHÛÎTUJDBTVBYJPNÃUJDBCÃTJDBFTFODJBM-BEJTDVTJÓOFTEF JNQPSUBODJB TJOEVEB QPSRVF BUSBWÊTEFFMMBTFCVTDBGPSNBMJ[BS MPT DPOUPSOPT HFOFSBMFT EF VO NPWJNJFOUP JOUFMFDUVBM 1BSBFMàMÓTPGPBSHFOUJOP+PTÊ 4B[CÓO FTUÃ NJTNB QPMÊNJDB PCMJHBSÎBBOBSSBSFOQMVSBMMB IJTUPSJB EFM FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP "TÎ FOTVPQJOJÓO NÃTRVFEF FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP DBCSÎB IBCMBS EFFTUSVDUVSBMJTNPT1FTFBFTUB PCTFSWBDJÓO 4B[CÓO OP BCBOEPOB TJO FNCBSHP MB UFTJT EFM jNPEFMPFTUSVDUVSBMvQBSBEFàOJSFMNPWJNJFOUP&OTVTQBMBCSBT MBOPDJÓOEFFTUSVDUVSB DPNPVONPEFMPEFJOUFMJHJCJMJEBE MÓHJDB Z OP EF SFHJTUSP SFQSFTFOUBUJWP EF VO DPOKVOUP EF IFDIPT PCTFSWBEPT TFSÎB DPNÙO B UPEB EFàOJDJÓO NÎOJNB EFM FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP -BT OPUBT EFDJTJWBT EF VO NPEFMP FTUSVDUVSBM BTÎ DPODFCJEP FSBO FMDBSÃDUFSTJTUFNÃUJDPRVFQPTFÎBMBDPOFYJÓOEFMPTFMFNFOUPT DPNQSFOEJEPT FO ÊM TJ VO FMFNFOUPTFNPEJàDB TFNPEJàDBO MPT SFTUBOUFT Z MB QFSUJOFODJBEFMNPEFMPBVOHSVQP EFUSBOTGPSNBDJPOFT DBEBVOB EFMBTDVBMFTDPSSFTQPOEFBVO NPEFMP EF MB NJTNB GBNJMJB FM DPOKVOUP EF MBT USBOTGPS95
NBDJPOFT DPOTUJUVZF VO HSVQP EF NPEFMPT -B BDUVBDJÓO EF MBT QSPQJFEBEFT GPSNBMFT EF MPT NPEFMPT OP JNQMJDB OFDFTBSJBNFOUF MB BEIFTJÓO B BMHÙO UJQP EF GPSNBMJTNP +PTÊ 4B[CÓO Estructuralismo &TUB QFSTQFDUJWB EF BOÃMJTJT QVFEF TFSDBSBDUFSJ[BEBHFOÊSJDBNFOUFDPNPMFWJTUSBVTTJBOB &O ¿Cómo reconocer el estructuralismo? (JMMFT%FMFV[F BEWJFSUF RVF FOUSF RVJFOFT BDFQUBO FM UÊSNJOP jFTUSVDUVSBMJTNPv BMHVOPT FNQMFBO MB QBMBCSB jFTUSVDUVSBv Z PUSPT QSFàFSFO FM UÊSNJOP TBVTTVSFBOP jTJTUFNBv 5SBT FTUBT QSFGFSFODJBT TF FODVFOUSB jMB FYUSFNB EJWFSTJEBEv EF VO NPWJNJFOUPZEFEPNJOJPTFYQMPSBEPT$BEBVOPEFMPTRVF QBSUJDJQBO EFM FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP jTF PDVQB EF QSPCMFNBT NÊUPEPT P TPMVDJPOFT RVF NBOUJFOFO SFMBDJPOFT EF BOBMPHÎB DPNP TJ QBSUJDJQBTFO EF VOB NJTNB BUNÓTGFSB EF MB ÊQPDB EF VO FTQÎSJUV EF MPT UJFNQPT RVFTFEFUFSNJOBFOGVODJÓOEF EFTDVCSJNJFOUPT Z DSFBDJPOFT TJOHVMBSFTFODBEBVOPEFFTPT EPNJOJPT -BT QBMBCSBT BDBCBEBT FO –ismo FTUÃO FO FTUF TFOUJEP CJFOGVOEBEBTv (JMMFT %FMFV[F Q 4JO FNCBSHP IBZ DJFSUP BDVFSEP HFOFSBM FO TFÒBMBS B MB MJOHÛÎTUJDB DPNP FM PSJHFO
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
EFM FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP 4J FM FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP TF IB FYUFOEJEP SÃQJEBNFOUFBPUSPTEPNJOJPT FTQPSRVF FOSFBMJEBE OPIBZ NÃTFTUSVDUVSBRVFEFBRVFMMP RVF FT MFOHVBKF 4J FM JODPOTDJFOUF TF FTUSVDUVSB DPNP VO MFOHVBKF TJMBIJTUPSJBFODVFOUSBFOMBTFTUSVDUVSBTTVUJFNQP EFTJHOJàDBDJÓONÃTQSPQJB TJ MB TPDJFEBE QVFEF TFS EFTDSJUB DPNP VO KVFHP EF JOUFSDBNCJPT TJNCÓMJDPT FT QPSRVF UBOUPFMDVFSQP MBIJTUPSJBZMB TPDJFEBETFPSHBOJ[BOBMBNBOFSBEFTJTUFNBTEFTÎNCPMPT "IPSB CJFO QFSUFOFDF BM FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP FM EFTDVCSJNJFOUPZFMSFDPOPDJNJFOUPEF MPTJNCÓMJDP.ÃTBMMÃEFMBQBMBCSB FO TV SFBMJEBE Z FO TVT QBSUFTTPOPSBT NÃTBMMÃEFMBT JNÃHFOFT Z DPODFQUPT BTPDJBEPTBMBTQBMBCSBT FMMJOHÛJTUB FTUSVDUVSBM EFTDVCSF VO FMFNFOUP EF OBUVSBMF[B DPNQMFUBNFOUF EJGFSFOUF VO PCKFUP FTUSVDUVSBM&TUFPCKFUPFTUSVDUVSBM DPOTJTUF FO MB QPTJDJÓO EF VO FMFNFOUP FO VO PSEFO TJNCÓMJDP #VTDBOEP BDMBSBS MBOBUVSBMF[BEFFTUFFMFNFOUP FTUSVDUVSBM %FMFV[FPCTFSWBSÃ RVF FOQSJODJQJP FTUFFMFNFOUP OP FT VOB GPSNB QVFT MB FTUSVDUVSB OP TF EFàOF QPS MB BVUPOPNÎBEFMUPEP QPSFMQSJNBEPEFMUPEPDPOSFTQFDUPB TVTQBSUFT QPSVOBGestaltRVF 96
TF FKFSDFSÎB FO MP SFBM Z FO MB QFSDFQDJÓO-BFTUSVDUVSB QPS FMDPOUSBSJPTFEFàOJSÎBQPSMB OBUVSBMF[B EF DJFSUPT FMFNFOUPT BUÓNJDPT RVF QSFUFOEFO EBS DVFOUB BM NJTNP UJFNQP EFMBGPSNBDJÓOEFMPTUPEPTZ EF MB WBSJBDJÓO EF TVT QBSUFT 4FUSBUBEFFMFNFOUPTGPSNBMFT RVFOPUJFOFO FODVBOUPUBMFT OJ GPSNB OJ TJHOJàDBDJÓO OJ SFQSFTFOUBDJÓO OJ DPOUFOJEP OJ SFBMJEBE FNQÎSJDB EBEB OJ NPEFMP GVODJPOBM IJQPUÊUJDP OJ JOUFMJHJCJMJEBE USBT MBT BQBSJFODJBT &O TÎOUFTJT FM PCKFUP FTUSVDUVSBM FM FMFNFOUP TJNCÓMJDP EF MB FTUSVDUVSB FT ÙOJDB Z OFDFTBSJBNFOUF jQPTJDJÓOv /PTFUSBUBEFVOMVHBSFOVOB FYUFOTJÓO SFBM OJ EF FTQBDJPT FO FYUFOTJPOFT JNBHJOBSJBT TJOP EF MVHBSFT Z TJUJPT EF VO FTQBDJP QSPQJBNFOUF FTUSVDUVSBM FTEFDJS UPQPMÓHJDP-BTSFMBDJPOFTFOUSFMPTFMFNFOUPTOP FTUBSÎBO NFEJBEBT QPS VO FTQBDJPQSFFYUFOTJWPPJOFYUFOTJUP TJOPQPSVOFTQBDJPRVFFT BOUFUPEPPSEJOBM SFEEFSFMBDJPOFT%FBIÎRVFMBBNCJDJÓO EFMFTUSVDUVSBMJTNPTFBUPQPMÓHJDBZSFMBDJPOBM "MBJO#BEJPV FTIPZ TJOEVEB FMHSBOIFSFEFSPEFFTUBUSBEJDJÓO %FFTUFDSJUFSJPMPDBMPQPTJDJPOBMTFEFSJWBOWBSJBTDPOTFDVFODJBT&OQSJNFSMVHBS TJ
Historiografía postmoderna
MPT FMFNFOUPT TJNCÓMJDPT OP UJFOFO EFTJHOBDJÓO FYUSÎOTFDB OJ TJHOJàDBDJÓO JOUSÎOTFDB TJOPÙOJDBNFOUFVOTFOUJEPEF QPTJDJÓO IBEFQMBOUFBSTFQPS QSJODJQJPRVFFMTFOUJEPSFTVMUB TJFNQSF EF MB DPNCJOBDJÓO P SFMBDJÓO EF FMFNFOUPT RVF OP TPOFOTÎNJTNPTTJHOJàDBOUFT $PNPPCTFSWB+BDRVFT-BDBO j/P FT TPMBNFOUF FM TVKFUP TJOP MPT TVKFUPT UPNBEPT FO TV JOUFSTVCKFUJWJEBE RVJFOFT PDVQBOTVTQVFTUPT w ZNPEFMBO TV QSPQJP TFS B QBSUJS EFMNPNFOUPEFMBDBEFOBTJHOJàDBOUF RVF MFT SFDPSSF w &M EFTQMB[BNJFOUP EFM TJHOJàDBOUF EFUFSNJOB B MPT TVKFUPT FOTVTBDUPT FOTVEFTUJOP FO TVT SFDIB[PT FO TVT DFHVFSBT FOTVTÊYJUPTZFOTVTBMCVSFT TFBO DVBMFT TFBO TVT EPUFT JOOBUBTZTVTDPORVJTUBTTPDJBMFT TVDBSÃDUFSPTVTFYPv +BDRVFT -BDBO Q 4JFMTFOUJEPFTTJFNQSFVO SFTVMUBEP VO FGFDUP EF VOB QPTJDJÓO FO MB FTUSVDUVSB EF VOBSFMBDJÓOFOVOKVFHPEFSFMBDJÓO TJFNQSF IBZ FYDFTP EF TFOUJEP TJFNQSF FM TFOUJEP FT VOFGFDUPEFVOBTPCSFEFUFSNJOBDJÓOFTUSVDUVSBM 7PMWJFOEP BM NPEFMP MJOHÛÎTUJDP QPESÎB PCTFSWBSTF RVF MB VOJEBE EF QPTJDJÓO P FM FMFNFOUP FTUSVDUVSBM OP FT NÃT RVF FM FGFDUP EF EFUFSNJ97
OBDJÓOSFDÎQSPDBEFSFMBDJPOFT &OPUSPTUÊSNJOPT TJFMGPOFNB FTMBVOJEBEMJOHÛÎTUJDBNÎOJNB EFMBGPOÊUJDB FMMBOPTFJEFOUJàDB DPO MB QBMBCSB OJ DPO MB QBSUÎDVMB TPOPSB MFUSB TÎMBCB TPOJEP
QVFT FT FO TÎ NJTNP JOTFQBSBCMF EF MB SFMBDJÓO GPOPMÓHJDBRVFMFVOFBPUSPTGPOFNBT-PTGPOFNBTOPFYJTUFO JOEFQFOEJFOUFNFOUF EF MBT SFMBDJPOFT RVF NBOUJFOFO Z NFEJBOUFMBTDVBMFTTFEFUFSNJOBO SFDÎQSPDBNFOUF -BT DPOTFDVFODJBT EF FTUB UFTJT TPO NÙMUJQMFT 4J UPEB JEFOUJEBE IJTUÓSJDB QPMÎUJDB TPDJBM FYJTUFZFTQSPEVDUPEF VOB SFE EF SFMBDJPOFT EJGFSFODJBMFT Z PQPTJDJPOBMFT OP IBZ FOUÊSNJOPTFTUSJDUPTVOBQSPQJFEBEPBUSJCVUPEFFTUBJEFOUJEBEQPSGVFSBEFMBFTUSVDUVSB PTJTUFNBEFSFMBDJPOFTRVFMB DPOTUJUVZF TUB FOUSF PUSBT DPOTFDVFODJBT FT MB MFDDJÓO RVFBQSFIFOEF-PVJT"MUIVTTFS FO TV SFMFDUVSB EF .BSY %F JHVBMNPEP QPESÎBEFDJSTFRVF FTUBFTMBMFDDJÓOGVOEBNFOUBM RVF FM QPTUNBSYJTNP SFUFOESÃ NÃT UBSEF EFM QBSBEJHNB FTUSVDUVSBM WÊBTF &SOFTUP -BDMBVZ$IBOUBM.PVGGF Hegemonía y estrategia socialista 1BSB UFSNJOBS DBCF BEWFSUJS RVF FM FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP FT JOTFQBSBCMF EFM NBUFSJBMJTNP Z EFM BOUJIVNBOJTNP 1VFT
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
DPNP CJFO SFDVFSEB FM NJTNP %FMFV[F B QSPQÓTJUP EF MB GBNPTB TFOUFODJB EF /JFU[TDIF j%JPT IB NVFSUPv TJ FM MVHBS FT BOUFSJPS B RVJFO MP PDVQB OPCBTUBDPOQPOFSBMIPNCSF FOFMMVHBSEF%JPTQBSBDBNCJBSMBFTUSVDUVSB:TJFTUFMVHBS FT FM MVHBS EFM NVFSUP MB
NVFSUF %JPT TJHOJàDB UBNCJÊO MB NVFSUF EFM IPNCSF RVJÊO GVFIFDIPBTVJNBHFOZTFNFKBO[B /JFU[TDIFQSPGFUJ[ÓRVF MB TPNCSB EF FTF DBEÃWFS OPT BDPNQBÒBSÎBQPSNVDIPUJFNQP RVJ[ÃT FM FTUSVDUVSBMJTNP OPTFBTJOPMBWFMBPFMwakeEF FTBMBSHBOPDIFEFNVFSUF
r -FDUVSBT TVHFSJEBT (JMMFT %FMFV[F La isla desierta y otros textos. Textos y entrevistas (1953-1974) 7BMFODJB 1SF5FYUPT 'SBOÉPJTF %PTTF Historia del estructuralismo UPNP*Z** .BESJE "LBM +FBO$MBVEF.JMOFS El periplo estructural. Figuras y paradigmas #VFOPT"JSFT "NPSSPSUVFEJUPSFT 'SBOÉPJT8BIM ¿Qué es el estructuralismo? La filosofía antes y después del estructuralismo #VFOPT"JSFT -PTBEB &UJFOOF#BMJCBS Escritos por Althusser #VFOPT"JSFT /VFWB7JTJÓO .JDIFM'PVDBVMU La arqueología del saber .ÊYJDP 'POEPEF$VMUVSB&DPOÓNJDB -PVJT"MUIVTTFSZ&UJFOOF#BMJCBS Para leer el Capital .ÊYJDP 4JHMP99* #SVOP#PTUFFMT Badiou o el recomienzo del materialismo dialéctico 4BOUJBHPEF$IJMF 1BMJOPEJB +PTÊ4B[CÓO j&TUSVDUVSBMJTNPv $BSMPT"MUBNJSBOP EJS
Términos críticos de sociología de la cultura #VFOPT"JSFT 1BJEÓT &SOTU#SFJTBDI Sobre el futuro de la historia. El desafío posmodernista y sus consecuencias .BESJE 167
98
Historiografía postmoderna
'íõñöñûõ÷ íûëúñêñúôéðñûü÷úñéìíôéûõýòíúíû
Đ$ħõ÷ íûëúñêñú MB IJTUPSJB EF MBT NVKFSFT yDÓNP SFQSFTFOUBS B MB NVKFS FO MB OBSSBUJWB IJTUÓSJDB TJO SFQSFTFOUBS VOB Z PUSB WF[ VOB IJTUPSJB DPO jDJFSUB EFTWJBDJÓO NBTDVMJOBv yDÓNPIBDFSEFMBNFNPSJBOBSSBDJÓO IJTUÓSJDB VO jBDUPv EF USBOTGPSNBDJÓO EF MBTJEFOUJEBEFT &TFOFTUFQVOUP DVBOUPNÃTMBTJOUFSSPHBOUFTFOUPSOPBMBSFQSFTFOUBDJÓO EF MB NVKFS TF EJSJHFO IBDJB MBT QPTJCJMJEBEFT EF USBOTGPSNBDJÓO Z TVCWFSTJÓO EF MBT USBNBT IFHFNÓOJDP OPSNBUJWBT UBOUPNÃTFMGFNJOJTNPTF WVFMWFVOBJOUFSSPHBDJÓOTPCSF MB IJTUPSJB &O PUSBT QBMBCSBT FMGFNJOJTNPTFWVFMWFVOBFTUSBUFHJB EJTDVSTJWB DSÎUJDB RVF FO MB DPOTUBUBDJÓO EF BRVFMMB jEFTWJBDJÓO NBTDVMJOBv mUBM DPNP MB MMBNB ,JSLXPPEm TF DPODFOUSBSÃ FO MB USJQMF MBCPS EF FYQMJDJUBS MBT SFQSFTFOUBDJPOFTàHVSBT BTPDJBEBT B MB NVKFSQSPWJTUBTQPSMBIJTUPSJB
99
OBDJPOBM MFFS B DPOUSBQFMP MPT SFMBUPT EF MJCFSBDJÓO EF MB IVNBOJEBE QSFHVOUBOEP TJFNQSF QPS FM MVHBS BTJHOBEP B MB NVKFS FO FM TJHOJàDBOUF jIVNBOJEBEvZ QSFTFOUBS SFJOWFOUBSMBTIJTUPSJBTEFMBT NVKFSFT "MFKBOESB $BTUJMMP Julieta Kirkwood %F BMHÙO NPEP Z EJDIP QSPWPDBUJWBNFOUF FM feminismo es historia &TUP MP TBCÎB QPS FKFNQMP +VMJFUB ,JSLXPPERVJFOOPTÓMPFYQMJDJUBSÃMB EFTWJBDJÓONBTDVMJOBFOMBTFTDSJUVSBTEFMBIJTUPSJBOBDJPOBM TJOPRVFUBNCJÊOFOMBTjOVFWBTIJTUPSJBTvRVFTFDPNFO[BCBO B FTDSJCJS B DPNJFO[PT EF MPTBÒPTPDIFOUB&OSFMBDJÓOB FMMP OPEFCFTFSPMWJEBEPRVF +VMJFUB ,JSLXPPE GVF VOB EF MBTQBSUJDJQBOUFTEFMI Encuentro de HistoriadoresSFBMJ[BEP FO 'MBDTP FO FM BÒP &O BRVFMMB PQPSUVOJEBE EJSÃ B QSPQÓTJUP EF TV QBSUJDJQBDJÓO j:P TPZ VOB EF FTBT QFSTPOBT
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
mDPNP BMHVJFO EFDÎBm RVF jBTVTUBOvBMBIJTUPSJB QVFTUP RVF OP TPZ IJTUPSJBEPSB Z TPMBNFOUFNFIFJOUSPEVDJEPFO FM UFNB QPS JOUFSFTFT QSPQJPT $VBOEP NF QJEJFSPO RVF QBSUJDJQBSBFOFTUFTFNJOBSJP UVWF RVFPQUBSFOUSFDPOUBSMFTDVÃMFT IBCÎBO TJEP MPT TVQVFTUPT MPTNÊUPEPTRVFFMFHÎQBSBSFBMJ[BS MB JOWFTUJHBDJÓO TPCSF FM GFNJOJTNPFO$IJMFPOBSSBSMFT EJSFDUBNFOUFMPRVFFODPOUSÊv +VMJFUB ,JSLXPPE Feminarios $PO WPDBDJÓO EF IJTUPSJBEPSBJOUFSFTBEB MBIJTUPSJPHSBGÎB GFNJOJTUB OBSSBSÃWJTJCJMJ[BSÃ MB IJTUPSJB QPMÎUJDB EF MBT NVKFSFTEFDPNJFO[PTEFMTJHMP XXFO$IJMF&OFTUBPQFSBDJÓO IJTUPSJPHSÃàDB TF PQPOESÃ FO QSJNFS MVHBS B MB JEFB HFOFSBMJ[BEB EF MB BVTFODJB EF MBT NVKFSFT FO MB IJTUPSJB QPMÎUJDB DIJMFOB DPNP UBNCJÊO Z FO TFHVOEPMVHBS TFPQPOESÃBMB OBSSBDJÓO EF FMMBT jEFTEF GVFSBv FTUPFT EFTEFMBOBUVSBMJEBEPCKFUJWJEBE EF SPMFT QSF EFàOJEPTBMBQSPQJBOBSSBDJÓO IJTUÓSJDB &O FTUF TFOUJEP ,JSLXPPE JOEJDBSÃ jFM QSPCMFNBEFFTUFTFSnarrado desde fueraFTRVFIBEFUFSNJOBEP MBT NPEBMJEBEFT EF QBSUJDJQBDJÓO QPMÎUJDB EF MBT NVKFSFTv " FTUB OBSSBDJÓO IJTUÓSJDB EF MB NJSBEB NBTDVMJOB PGSFDFSÃ
DPNP BMUFSOBUJWB VOB OBSSBDJÓO jdesde adentro EF TVT NPWJNJFOUPT TV DPOUJOHFODJBv&TUFQSJNFSHFTUPEFWJTJCJMJ[BDJÓOEFMBIJTUPSJBEFMBT NVKFSFTmZBTFBFOTVTFTUVEJPT TPCSF FM NPWJNJFOUP GFNJOJTUB P FO TV JOWFTUJHBDJÓO TPCSF MPT QBSUJEPT QPMÎUJDPT GFNFOJOPT EVSBOUF MB QSJNFSB NJUBE EFM TJHMP 99m TFSÃ FYJUPTP FO TFÒBMBSMPTjPSÎHFOFTEFMPTMPHSPT BDUVBMFT FO MB DPOEJDJÓO EFMBNVKFSvDPNPUBNCJÊOFO FYQMJDJUBS RVF UPEB FTDSJUVSB EFMBIJTUPSJBJNQMJDBUBNCJÊO VOBQPMÎUJDB4JOFNCBSHP MVFHP EF FTUF QSJNFS NPNFOUP RVFCJFOQPESÎBNPTMMBNBSEF JEFOUJEBE EF FTUBCMFDFS RVÊ NVKFSFT RVÊ BDDJPOFT FO RVÊ UJFNQP
MFTFHVJSÃVONPNFOUP EF TPTQFDIB y&T QPTJCMF TVQFSBS MB IJTUPSJPHSBGÎB NBTDVMJOB VUJMJ[BOEP TVT NÊUPEPT Z FTUSBUFHJBT yBDBTP OP TPO DPNQMFNFOUBSJPT FM NÊUPEP IJTUPSJPHSÃàDPQPTJUJWJTUB EFTEFGVFSB DPOFMNÊUPEPIJTUPSJPHSÃàDP TVCKFUJWJTUB EFTEF EFOUSP &T ÙUJM EFTUBDBS RVF MPTQSJNFSPTUSBCBKPTEF+VMJFUB,JSLXPPEFOFMDBNQPEFMB IJTUPSJB EF MBT NVKFSFT BTVNJSÃOMBEJBMÊDUJDBJEFOUJUBSJBEFM GVFSBEFOUSP DPNP QVOUP EF QBSUJEBQBSBOBSSBSMBIJTUPSJB EF MBT NVKFSFT TJO FNCBSHP QSPHSFTJWBNFOUF TVTQFOEFSÃ
100
Historiografía postmoderna
EJDIB EJBMÊDUJDB EF MB FYUFSJPSJEBEJOUFSJPSJEBE FO QPT EF VO SFMBUP RVF DVFTUJPOBSÃ FM QSPQJPMVHBSEFRVJFOFOVODJB EF RVJFO OBSSB MB IJTUPSJB MBT NVKFSFT %FMBNBOPEFMGFNJOJTNP EF 4JNPOF EF #FBVWPJS FTUB jIJTUPSJBEPSB JOUFSFTBEBv OP TÓMPMMFHBSÃBEVEBSEFMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFVOBIJTUPSJBEFMBT jNVKFSFTvTJOPRVFUBNCJÊO Z RVJ[ÃTNÃTSFMFWBOUFBÙO EFMB QSPQJB QPTJCJMJEBE EF MB FYJTUFODJBEFFMMBTQPSGVFSBEFMSFMBUPQBUSJBSDBM&OFTUFTFOUJEP TFQSFHVOUBSÃjyRVÊFTPRVÊ TPOMBTNVKFSFT v.VZFODFSDBOÎBDPOEJDIBQSFHVOUB BÒPT NÃTUBSEF (BZBUSJ$IBLSBWPSUZ4QJWBLmQBSBFMDBTPEFMBT OBSSBUJWBT DPMPOJ[BEBT Z TVCBMUFSOBT EF MB *OEJBm BàSNBSÃ RVF jTJ FO FM DPOUFYUP EF MB QSPEVDDJÓO DPMPOJBM FM JOEJWJEVPTVCBMUFSOPOPUJFOFIJTUPSJBZOPQVFEFIBCMBS DVBOEP FTFJOEJWJEVPTVCBMUFSOPFTVOB NVKFS TV EFTUJOP TF FODVFOUSB UPEBWÎB NÃT QSPGVOEBNFOUF B PTDVSBTv 1FSP CJFO QPESÎB PCKFUÃSTFMFTBEJDIBTBàSNBDJPOFT UBM DPNPMPIJDJFSB)ÊMÍOF$JYPVT B DJFSUP GFNJOJTNP SBEJDBM GSBODÊT IBDF ZB BMHÙO UJFNQP jVOB NVKFS TJO DVFSQP VOB NVEB VOBDJFHB OPQVFEFTFS VOB CVFOB DPNCBUJFOUFv )
$JYPVT La risa de medusa %F BIÎ RVF TFB OFDFTBSJP RVF OPT EFUFOHBNPTZFODBSFNPTFMQPTJCMFFRVÎWPDP2VFTFEVEFEF MBQPTJCJMJEBEEFMBNVKFSNÃT BMMÃ EF MB USBNB FTDSJUVSBSJB QSPQVFTUB QPS FM QBUSJBSDBEP DPNPMPIBDF,JSLXPPE PRVF TFFOGBUJDFMBEJàDVMUBEEFMIBCMB EF MB NVKFS DPNP MP IBDF 4QJWBL OPRVJFSFEFDJSRVFMBT NVKFSFTOPFYJTUBOPOPIBCMFO DPNP QVEJFTF TFS DSFÎEP .ÃT CJFO MP RVF EFKBO FOUSFWFS EJDIBTBàSNBDJPOFTFTMBEJàDVMUBEBMBIPSBEFSFJOWFOUBSMBT EFTDSJQDJPOFTIFHFNÓOJDBTRVF OBSSBOBMBNVKFS&TUPQPSEPT SB[POFT6OBEFFMMBTEJDFSFMBDJÓODPOMBQSPQJBIJTUPSJDJEBE EFMBjEJGFSFODJBEFMPTTFYPTv Z EF MBT SFQSFTFOUBDJPOFT BEKVOUBT B FMMB %F BMHÙO NPEP UBM DPNP MP IB EFTBSSPMMBEP (FOFWJÍWF'SBJTTF MBJEFBEFMB EJGFSFODJBEFMPTTFYPT DFOUSBM QBSB FM QFOTBNJFOUP PDDJEFOUBM TF TJUÙB QBSBEÓKJDBNFOUF QPSGVFSBEFMUJFNQP BUFNQPSBMNFOUF BTJHOBOEP EF JHVBM NPEP BDUJUVEFT SPMFT F JEFOUJEBEFT 6OB TFHVOEB SB[ÓO TFSÃPGSFDJEBQSFDJTBNFOUFQPS (BZBUSJ4QJWBLBMNPNFOUPEF IBDFS GSFOUF B MPT NBM FOUFOEJEPT RVF HFOFSÓ TV Can the Subaltern Speak? &O SFTQVFTUB B BRVFMMBT Z BRVFMMPT RVF TVQPOÎBO RVF FM TVCBMUFSOP
101
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
FO FTUF DBTP MB NVKFS OP QPEÎB IBCMBS EJSÃ RVF MP RVF SFBMNFOUFRVFSÎBFYQSFTBSDPO BRVFMMBQPMÊNJDBQSFHVOUBFSB RVFFMBDUPEFUPNBEFQBMBCSB ZFOVODJBDJÓOQPSQBSUFEFMPT TVKFUPT TVCBMUFSOPT FTUBCB ZB EF BMHÙO NPEP FTUSVDUVSBEP QPS VO DJFSUP UJQP EF QTJDPCJPHSBGÎB EFBIÎRVFMBQSPQJB FOVODJBDJÓOTFSÎBJOUFSQSFUBEB EFMBNBOFSBFORVFIJTUÓSJDBNFOUFIBTJEPQSFàHVSBEB &ODPOTFDVFODJB OPTFUSBUBSÃ QVFT EF VO QVSP BDUP EF OFHBDJÓOPEFJOWFODJÓOEFMPT OPNCSFTEFMBNVKFSQPSGVFSB FO MPT NÃSHFOFT /P TF QVFEF FTDSJCJS FM GFNJOJTNP mZ FO FTUP $JYPVT UJFOF SB[ÓOm TÓMP IBCJUBOEP FO MPT NÃSHFOFT IBCJUBOEP MB USBORVJMJEBE EFM NBSHFOEFMBIJTUPSJB FOMBFTDSJUVSB EF MB jPUSB IJTUPSJBv IBCJUBOEP FO MPT NÃSHFOFT EF MB MFOHVB FO MB BVEBDJB EF
MB DSFBDJÓO EF PUSBT IBCMBT DBTJ TJFNQSF EF MPT TFOUJNJFOUPT IBCJUBOEP QPS ÙMUJNP FOMPTNÃSHFOFTEFMQPEFS FO MB DSFFODJB EF QPMÎUJDBT EF MB EJGFSFODJB /P FT QPTJCMF FM EJTDVSTP GFNJOJTUB UBM DPNP MP SFDPOPDF ,JSLXPPE TÓMP Z FO MB PCTUJOBEB jOFHBDJÓO BCTPMVUBv &T QPS FMMP RVF TV QPMÎUJDBFTDSJUVSB GFNJOJTUB OP EFTJTUJSÃ EF MBT SFUÓSJDBT EF MP VOJWFSTBM-BQPMÎUJDBEFMGFNJOJTNP TF FMBCPSBSÃ NÃT CJFO FOVODPNQMFKPKVFHPFOUSFMP FYDMVJEP Z MP JODMVJEP FOUSF MPQBSUJDVMBSZMPVOJWFSTBM FO VO NPWJNJFOUP RVF JSÃ EFTEF MPT NÃSHFOFT IBDJB FM DFOUSP Z FO FTF HFTUP JOUFOUBSÃ MB SF JOWFODJÓO OPTÓMPEFMBNVKFS TJOPRVFEFMBIJTUPSJBZEFMB EFNPDSBDJB TPCSFMPTCPNCBSEFPTEF)BNCVSHP FOMB4FHVOEB(VFSSB.VOEJBM DJFSUBNFOUFDVNQMFDPOMPTSFRVJTJUPTQBSBEJDIPUÎUVMP&OFGFDUP OPQBSFDFFTUSBGBMBSJPEFDJS RVF MB UFPSÎB QPTNPEFSOB EFM EJTDVSTP QVFEF TFÒBMBS FM DBNJOPmFOOVFTUSBÊQPDBmIBDJBMBSFTPMVDJÓOEFMQSPCMFNBEFMB PCKFUJWJEBEWFSTVTMBTVCKFUJWJEBEFOMBSFMBDJÓOEFMPTBDPOUFDJNJFOUPTIJTUÓSJDPT EFMQSPCMFNBEFMIFDIPWFSTVTMBàDDJÓOFO MBEFTDSJQDJÓOEFMPTBDPOUFDJNJFOUPTIJTUÓSJDPT ZEFMDPOáJDUP FOUSFFYQMJDBDJÓOZOBSSBDJÓOFOMBSFQSFTFOUBDJÓOEFMPTQSPDFTPTIJTUÓSJDPT .ÃT BMMÃ EF FTP MB FYQFSJNFOUBDJÓO QPTNPEFSOB FO MB SFQSFTFOUBDJÓOEFMBSFBMJEBEIJTUÓSJDBCJFOQPESÎBMMFWBSOPTNÃT BMMÃEFMBEJTUJODJÓOmTJFNQSFBMHPFTDBOEBMPTBmFOUSFFMIJTUPSJBEPS QSPGFTJPOBM QPS VOB QBSUF Z FM amateur FM EJMFUBOUF P FMjTFOTBUPvFTUVEJBOUFEFIJTUPSJB QPSMBPUSB/BEJFFTEVFÒP EFMQBTBEP ZOBEJFUJFOFFMNPOPQPMJPTPCSFDÓNPFTUVEJBSMP P FO DVBMRVJFS DBTP TPCSF DÓNP FTUVEJBS MBT SFMBDJPOFT FOUSF QBTBEPZQSFTFOUF$PNPEJDF&SNBSUI IPZFOEÎBUPEPTTPNPT
251
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
IJTUPSJBEPSFT4JFTUBNPTJOUFSFTBEPTFOEBSMFTFOUJEPBMNVOEP SFBM OPQVFEFTFSEFPUSPNPEP1FSPOPFTUBNPTBUBEPTBFTUBS BUBEPTQPSMBTDPOWFODJPOFTRVFBUBOBMIJTUPSJBEPSQSPGFTJPOBM BTVQSÃDUJDBUSBEJDJPOBMFOFMFTUVEJPEFMQBTBEP5BMDPNPFM #BSEPIBDFEFDJSB$PSJPMBOPFOMBWÎTQFSBEFTVFYJMJPj)BZVO NVOEPFOPUSPMVHBSv
252
-VJT(%F.VTTZr.JHVFM7BMEFSSBNB
Este libro se terminó de imprimir en los talleres digitales de
RIL® editores Teléfono: 225-4269 /
[email protected] Santiago de Chile, noviembre de 2010 Se utilizó tecnología de última generación que reduce el impacto medioambiental, pues ocupa estrictamente el papel necesario para su producción, y se aplicaron altos estándares para la gestión y reciclaje de desechos en toda la cadena de producción.
254
HISTORIOGRAFÍA POSTMODERNA
ŽŶĐĞƉƚŽƐ͕ĮŐƵƌĂƐ͕ŵĂŶŝĮĞƐƚŽƐ
ůĐƵĞƐƟŽŶĂŵŝĞŶƚŽĂůĂŝŶƐƟƚƵĐŝſŶŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĂĚŽƌĂƋƵĞƐĞĂĚŝǀŝŶĂĞŶůĂ ƉƌĄĐƟĐĂĚĞůĂŚŝƐƚŽƌŝŽŐƌĂİĂƉŽƐƚŵŽĚĞƌŶĂ͕ĞŶƚĞŶĚŝĚĂĞƐƚĂĐŽŵŽƉƌĄĐƟĐĂĚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟǀĂ͕ĞƐĚĞĐŝƌ͕ĐŽŵŽƉƌĄĐƟĐĂƉĂƌĂƐŝƚĂƌŝĂLJƐƵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƌŝĂĂůƐĂďĞƌĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĂƌ͕ŶŽƟĞŶĞŽƚƌĂĮŶĂůŝĚĂĚƋƵĞůĂĚĞĚĞƐŵŽŶƚĂƌůĂƐ ĞƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂƐĚĞƉŽĚĞƌƋƵĞŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂŶůŽƐĚŝƐƉŽƐŝƟǀŽƐĚĞĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĐŝſŶLJ ĚĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĐŝſŶĚĞůĂ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĂ͘ƐƚŽƐĚŝƐƉŽƐŝƟǀŽƐŶŽĞƐƚĄŶĨƵŶĚĂĚŽƐ ƷŶŝĐĂŵĞŶƚĞĞŶƌĞůĂĐŝŽŶĞƐĚĞƉŽĚĞƌĞũĞƌĐŝĚĂƐĐŽŶďƌƵƚĂůŝĚĂĚŽƌĞĮŶĂŵŝĞŶƚŽ͕ƐŝŶŽƋƵĞ͕ĞŶƚĂŶƚŽͨĂƉĂƌĂƚŽƐĚĞƐĂďĞƌ͕ͩŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂŶĂĚĞŵĄƐƐƵ ĞĮĐĂĐŝĂĂƉĂƌƟƌĚĞĐŝĞƌƚĂĐĞŐƵĞƌĂƐŽďƌĞůŽƐƉƌŽƉŝŽƐĞĨĞĐƚŽƐƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂƟǀŽƐĚĞůĂƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĐŝſŶŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĂĚŽƌĂ͘ƐƚĂĂĮƌŵĂĐŝſŶŽďůŝŐĂĂůĞĞƌĂ &ŽƵĐĂƵůƚũƵŶƚŽĐŽŶĞƌƌŝĚĂ͘ džƉƌĞƐĂĚŽĞŶŽƚƌŽƐƚĠƌŵŝŶŽƐ͕ůŽƋƵĞǀŝĞŶĞĂƐŽŵĞƚĞƌƐĞĂƵŶĂĚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐĐŝſŶƌĂĚŝĐĂůĞŶůĂŚŝƐƚŽƌŝŽŐƌĂİĂƉŽƐƚŵŽĚĞƌŶĂŶŽĞƐƐſůŽůĂƉƌŽƉŝĂ ŶŽĐŝſŶĚĞ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĂ;ĐŽŶƐƟƚƵŝĚĂƉŽƌĨƵĞƌĂĚĞƚŽĚŽƚƌĂďĂũŽĚĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĐŝſŶͿ͕ĞƐƉŽƌƐŽďƌĞƚŽĚŽůĂŵĂƋƵŝŶĂƌŝĂƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĐŝŽŶĂůƋƵĞŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂĞůĐƵĞƌƉŽĚĞƐĂďĞƌĞƐĚĞůĂŚŝƐƚŽƌŝŽŐƌĂİĂŵŽĚĞƌŶĂ͘ƐƚĂĚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐĐŝſŶƉĂƌĂĚſũŝĐĂŵĞŶƚĞƐƵƉŽŶĞƵŶĂŚŝƐƚŽƌŝnjĂĐŝſŶƌĂĚŝĐĂůĚĞůĂƐƉƌĄĐƟĐĂƐ ŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĂĚŽƌĂƐ͕ĚĞůĂƐĐĂƚĞŐŽƌşĂƐƋƵĞůĂĐŽŶĨŽƌŵĂŶLJĚĞůũƵĞŐŽĚĞŽƉŽƐŝĐŝŽŶĞƐLJƌĞůĂĐŝŽŶĞƐƋƵĞŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂŶůĂĐƌĞĂĐŝſŶĚĞǀĂůŽƌĞŶůĂŝŶƐƟƚƵĐŝſŶŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĂĚŽƌĂ͘WƵĞƐůĂƉƌŽƉŝĂŝĚĞĂĚĞ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĂƐƵƉŽŶĞLJĂĚĞƐĚĞƵŶ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉŝŽƵŶƉƌŽĐĞƐŽĚĞǀĂůŽƌŝnjĂĐŝſŶĚĞůĂǀŝĚĂƋƵĞŶŽĞƐĞdžƚĞƌŶŽĂůĂ ŵĄƋƵŝŶĂĂŶƚƌŽƉŽŐĠŶŝĐĂĚĞƉƌŽĚƵĐĐŝſŶĚĞůŽŚƵŵĂŶŽ͘