Histórias Da Gente Brasileira - Império

 

B

lpârbf! ]l Irgsb` lmobof ofs prblmbrfs pgssfs pgrg sug gutfoflbg hflf ogåèf: ulg pçtrbg-lèm tmlmrfsg amssm hrmshblmotf, qum blp`bhg smpgrgåèf m pmrag: ulg sfhbmagam ml dfrlgåèf, girbegag sfi f lgotf vmram af hgdâ, lgohngag pm`g mshrgvbaèf. Tmong ghflpgongr pgssfs, emstfs m grrfuifs am a. [marf B, ul cfvml m bod` glgaf prìohbpm, lmofs

smeurf amdglb`bgrms, sb af qum am m`m smonfrms lmslf efstgrbg. Fismrvgr gs `motgs luagoågs qum ogs rm`gåýms m mshrgvfs, am pgtrýms m mlprmegafs hflmågl g ghfotmhmr. Ml g`eul lflmotf, ulg ifg surprmsg3 f glfr sm gssmonfrg am hgsglmotfs, ambxgoaf am `gaf botmrmssms m prmhfohmbtfs. Amstghg-sm g smpgrgåèf motrm pói`bhf m prbvgaf. Ymim`býms... m`gs dfrgl lubtgs. Lfvblmotfs smpgrgtbstgs gssf`gvgl f pgìs. F lmaf am rmvf`tgs lgrhfu g prblmbrg lmtgam af sâhu`f ^B^. ]lg ags nbstfrbgafrgs lgbs blpfrtgotms ag gtug`bagam, Lgry am` [rbfrm qumr ofs gprmsmotgr ulg futrg lgombrg am hfotgr g nbstørbg af Irgsb`3 amshfrtbogoaf f ofssf abg g abg m dfrlgoaf ul lfsgbhf ag emotm irgsb`mbrg, m`g ofs trgospfrtg abrmtglmotm pgrg f Blpârbf, ul afs pmrìfafs lgbs rbhfs ag ofssg nbstørbg.

 

  Hfpyrbent © 9;74 Lgry am` [rbfrm © 9;74 @mRg Mabtfrg @tag. Qfafs fs abrmbtfs rmsmrvgafs m prftmebafs pm`g @mb 2.47;, am 72.9.722>. Â prfbibag g rmprfauåèf tftg` fu pgrhbg` sml g mxprmssg gouãohbg ag mabtfrg. [rmpgrgåèf Tmrg Hrbstbog Yfarbeums Dmbtfsg Ymvbsèf Içrigrg Gogbssb [rfcmtf erçdbhf am erçdbhf am lbf`f m am am hgpg Tbhtfr Iurtfo Abgerglgåèf Garbgog Lfrmof m Goamrsfo Cuoqumbrg [msqubsg bhfoferçdbhg Ymogtf Tmogohbf [msqubsg afhulmotg` Hgr`fs Lb`nfof Agafs Botmroghbfogbs am Hgtg`fegåèf og [ui`bhgåèf (HB[) Goeâ`bhg B`ghqug HYI->/5;=5 Am` [rbfrm, Lgry Nbstørbgs ag emotm irgsb`mbrg3 vf`ulm 93 Blpârbf / Lgry am` [rbfrm. ‑ Xèf [gu`f3 @mRg, 9;74. =9; p. BXIO3 25>->=-117-;1>>-; 7. Irgsb` ‘ Nbstørbg 9. Irgsb` ‘ Blpârbf, 7>99-7>>2 7>99-7>>2 ‘ ]sfs m hfstulms B. Qìtu`f 74-7975

Ìoabhms hgtç`fef sbstmlçtbhf 7. Irgsb`pgrg ‘ Nbstørbg Qfafs fs abrmbtfs rmsmrvgafs ë @MRG MABQFYG @QAG. Gv. Goeâ`bhg, 987> ‘ 79³ goagr ;799>-9;; ‘ Xèf [gu`f ‘ X[ www.`myg.hfl.ir

HAA 2>7

 

 Gfs lmus hf`megs m g`uofs ag ]obvmrsbagam Xg`egaf am F`bvmbrg pm`f  pmrlgomotm gpfbf m hgrbonf.  G Ymogtf Tmogohbf Tmogohbf pm`g bhfofergdbg.  G Hgr`fs Lb`nfof pm`g gcuag og hf`mtg afhulmotg`.  G @bzbr Grhgocf Grhgocf pm`gs emomrfsgs m rgrgs boabhgåýms afhulmotgbs.  Gfs glbefs Grog`af Agomlimre, Có`bf Igoambrg m Tbhtfr Goargam am  Lm`f pm`gs suemstýms ibi`bferçdbhgs.  Gf Lusmu Blpmrbg` pm`g prmstblfsg prmstblfsg hmssèf am blgemos.

 

X]L X]LÇYBF ÇYBF [YMDÇHBF [YMDÇ HBF [GYQM 7 QMYYG M QYGIG@N QYGIG@NF F 7. Ymtrgt  Ymtrgtff am ul Blpârbf qugoaf cfvml 9. Qmlpf  Qmlpf am lmaf, dfef m sgoeum 8. F blpmrgafr blpmrgafr m f ‐rmb“… 1. F hgdâ gotms hgdâ gotms af Blpârbf…  G mxp`fsèf mxp`fsèf vmram =. Ampfb  Ampfbss af furf3 tmrrgs m emotm lbombrg 4. ‐Foam  ‐Foam tuaf  tuaf mrg tèf abdìhb`“3 vbvmr ofs smrtýms ofs smrtýms 5. Yulf  Yulf gf  gf Ofrtm, ul lbssbfoçrbf ul lbssbfoçrbf mspmhbg`… >. Moqug  Moqugotf otf ogs hgpbtgbs af Blpârbf… Blpârbf… 2. G Ofvg Ofvg Hgrtb`ng Gerìhf`g m f boìhbf boìhbf af dbl af ‐lfofhu`tbvf“ 7;. Bostg  Bostgotéomfs otéomfs af blpmrgafr m am sug dglì`bg sug dglì`bg [GYQM 9 F X][ X][ÂYD@]F ÂYD@]F M F FYABOÇYBF3 GX HFBXGX IGOGBX M F OGXHBLMOQF AF HFOX]LF 7. Ags hgsgs-ergoams gfs sfirgafs 9. Hgsg m cgrabl 8. Çeug am imimr 1. Hgotgoaf of igonmbrf =. Xurprmsgs og hfzbong 4. [gssgoaf ë lmsg  Ofvbagams egstrfoñlbhgs 5. Ghmoag g `uz! >. Nflm  Nflm swmmt nflm 2. Abvmrsèf3 afs igb`ms gfs spfrts spfrts… … 7;. Hfbsgs am nflml3 hgdâs m `bvrgrbgs

 

77. [rgzmrms lgshu`bofs3 gs hfhfttms 79. Hfbsgs am lu`nmr 78. Agos  Agos `m gpgeumr ams `ulbîrms3 `ulbîrms3 f rbsf motrm g drgohfdb`bg m `usfdfibg [GYQM 8 YBQLFX AG TBAG3 OGXHMY, HYMXHMY, HGXGY M LFYYMY  7. Xfdrmr of pgrgìsf m… of bodmrof 9. Db`nfs & Hbg. 8. Hrbgoågs m cfvmos of luoaf afs gau`tfs 1. Gshmosèf m qumag af pgb =. M`ms & M`gs 4. G hglbonf af g`tgr… 5. G`bgoågs, modbl… >. @foem af lm`nfr afs luoafs… 2. G drgeb`bagam ag hgrom 7;. Xmxug`bagam m lgtrblñobf Tbag hfocueg` hfocue g` motrm mshrgvfs  Glfrms lu`gtfs  Glfrms ml moemonfs m sfirgafs af Oframstm 77. Nflfssmxug`bagam & afmoåg 79. F Blpârbf3 pgom`g dmrvb`ngotm am lf`âstbgs m mpbamlbgs 78. G aglg am irgohf 71. G lfrtm m fs gdrfamshmoamotms 7=. Luagoågs of lfrrmr… 74. F g`âl3 hrmoågs m rm`bebfsbagams GX NBXQØYBGX HFOQBO]GL E`fssçrbf Ymdmrãohbgs ibi`bferçdbhgs

 

 [grgag of abg 9 am amzmlirf of  @gref af [gåf. GYOF]Q, @fubs Cu`ms. [grgag Cu`ms. [grgag of abg 9 am amzmlirf. amzmlirf. Ybf am Cgombrf3 Blp. @mlmrhbmr, Z7>--6\. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\.

 

[YMDÇHBF glfs blgebogr qum vfhã mstç oulg prgbg f`ngoaf f lgr3 ul `moåf` gzu` am hmtbl. Tã, gboag, g`eulgs pmqumogs foags m sug mspulg. Lgs, smrç bssf f fhmgof6 Oèf. Om`m, gqub`f qum oèf mstç vbsìvm` â f qum hfotg. Hfrrmotms suilgrbogs grrgstgl smrms vbvfs, hfrrmotmzgs prfvfhgl rmamlfbonfs, f duoaf af lgr dmrvb`ng am hrbgturgs, lgrâs vãl m vèf, trgzmoaf m `mvgoaf hfbsgs. G nbstørbg hgim hflf ulg `uvg omssg blgeml. [fr vmzms, f qum vmlfs og supmrdìhbm afs dgtfs, óobhfs m mspmtghu`grms ‘  [rfh`glgåèf ag Boampmoaãohbg, Gif`båèf ag Mshrgvbaèf mth. ‘, mohfirm ul luoaf bovbsìvm` dmbtf am lb`nýms am pmrsfogemos goñoblfs, pmqumofs emstfs rmpmtbtbvfs, ficmtfs af hftbabgof qum msqumhmlfs. G supmrdìhbm `bsg mohfirm lfvblmotfs prfduoafs qum gcuagl g hflprmmoamr f pgssgaf. Mssm ofssf pgssgaf ml qum foags vboags af Gt`éotbhf Ofrtm trfuxmrgl ofvbagams3 g dglì`bg rmg` pfrtueumsg, qum, dueboaf ags eumrrgs ogpf`mñobhgs, lberfu pgrg f Irgsb`, gqub hnmegoaf of abg > am lgråf am 7>;>. G`merbgs m trbstmzgs vbvbags pm`fs Irgegoåg ofs trøpbhfs dfrgl hubagafsglmotm rmebstrgags pm`g pmog af hñomef @uìs Efoåg`vms afs Xgotfs, prfdmssfr am erglçtbhg `gtbog af smlboçrbf ag @gpg, lgbs hfonmhbaf pfr ‐pgarm [mrmrmhg“. Ifags, gobvmrsçrbfs, motmrrfs, dmstgs hfl `ulboçrbgs m dfeumtørbf, pflpgs dóomirms, tuaf dfb pfr m`m lbouhbfsglmotm amshrbtf. Aurgotm sug pmrlgoãohbg of Irgsb`, a. Cfèf amlfostrfu smu zm`f pm`g mauhgåèf, grtms m hu`turg. Bohmotbvfu f gulmotf ags mshf`gs râebgs ‘  mqubvg`motms, nfcm, gf Mosbof Lâabf ‘ m gs hgambrgs am grtms m fdìhbfs. Gboag hflf prìohbpm rmemotm, hrbfu, tgliâl, og Ignbg m of Ybf am Cgombrf, fs ofssfs prblmbrfs mstgim`mhblmotfs am mosbof lâabhf, hfl tìtu`fs am Mshf`g am Hbrurebg m Mshf`g Gogtñlbhg, Hbrórebhg m Lâabhg. Of Ybf am Cgombrf, glp`bfu g Ghgamlbg Lb`btgr, trgosdfrlgag ml Ghgamlbg Ymg` Lb`btgr, moqugotf, og Ignbg m of Lgrgonèf, sf`babdbhgrgl-sm Mshf`gs am Grtb`ngrbg m Dfrtbdbhgåèf. Ibi`bftmhgs m tbpfergdbgs motrgrgl ml gtbvbagam, smoaf g Blprmosg Yâebg, og hgpbtg`, rmspfosçvm` pm`g blprmssèf am `bvrfs, df`nmtfs m

T

pmrbøabhfs. Ml 7>74, hnmefu g Lbssèf Drgohmsg hfl smus grqubtmtfs,

 

mshu`tfrms m pbotfrms. Mstms ofs `megrgl gs blgemos lgbs vbvgs qum tmlfs ag pgbsgeml urigog m rurg` irgsb`mbrg, of boìhbf af sâhu`f ^B^. Ml 7>7=, dfb hrbgaf f Ymbof ]obaf am [frtueg`, Irgsb` m G`egrvms, prmouohbgoaf f dbl ag hfoabåèf hf`fobg`. F Irgsb`, hfotuaf, hfotbougvg lg` uobdbhgaf botmroglmotm. G hfrtm hgrbfhg lgotbong ul hfotrf`m rìebaf sfirm gs hgpbtgobgs, mohgrefs dbshgbs m lfofpø`bfs. Fs hf`fofs rmgebglsfirmhgrrmegoaf-gs gf efvmrof af Ybf hfl am Cgombrf, ghulu`gvgl-sm hrìtbhgs gfs ofvfs aflbogafrms. Ampfbs af dbl ags eumrrgs ogpf`mñobhgs, g qumag af prmåf af gåóhgr m af g`efaèf sø lu`tbp`bhfu tmosýms. F gulmotf am blpfstfs pgrg hustmgr g botmrvmoåèf lb`btgr qum vg`mu g bohfrpfrgåèf af ]rueugb gf Irgsb`, hflf [rfvìohbg Hbsp`gtbog, ghmoamu f rgstb`nf am pø`vfrg qum amu of prfhmssf am mlgohbpgåèf. G vboag afs Irgegoåg m ag hfrtm pfrtueumsg tmvm amsafirglmotfs. Gs augs smams, ulg ml @bsifg m futrg of Ybf am Cgombrf, vbrgl smus prfi`mlgs sm lu`tbp`bhgrml hfl g amrrftg am Ogpf`mèf. G cfvml prfauåèf hgdmmbrg bohmotbvfu lubtfs hfrtmsèfs g gaqubrbrml smslgrbgs af rmb, qum sm trgosdfrlgrgl ml blmosgs dgzmoags am hgdâ. Lmlirfs ag hfrtm hrbgrgl rgìzms of Irgsb`. Hgsglmotfs hfl g m`btm `fhg` dbzmrgl f rmstf og hflpfsbåèf ag emotm irgsb`mbrg. G Ymvf`uåèf @bimrg` af [frtf, lfvblmotf vf`tgaf pgrg g hfovfhgåèf am ulg gssmli`mbg hfostbtubotm, mxbebg f rmtfrof blmabgtf am a. Cfèf ë lmtrøpf`m. Oèf tmoaf sbaf mxtbotg g aug`bagam am pfamr, f rmb vf`tfu gf Ymbof m gqub ambxfu hflf rmemotm smu db`nf, a. [marf. M ags foags pgssglfs gfs rmamlfbonfs m lgrâs. Mbs qum g prmssèf lmtrfpf`btgog vf`tfu-sm pgrg f rmemotm3 ml 97 am smtmlirf am 7>97, ul amhrmtf amtmrlbogvg smu rmtfrof blmabgtf. A. [marf rmsbstbu m, ml 2 am  cgombrf am 7>99, tfrofu pói`bhg sug amtmrlbogåèf am pmrlgomhmr of o f Irgsb`. Oèf hfl g drgsm pui`bhgag ofs cfrogbs ‘ ‐Xm â pgrg f iml am tfafs m dm`bhbagam emrg` ag ogåèf, mstfu prfotf! Abegl gf pfvf qum dbhf.“ ‘, lgs hfl pg`gvrgs lgbs blprmhbsgs3 ‐Hfovmohbaf am qum g prmsmoåg am lbong pmssfg of Irgsb` botmrmssg gf iml am tfag g ogåèf pfrtueumsg, m hfovmohbaf am qum g vfotgam am g`eulgs prfvìohbgs gssbl f rmqumr, amlfrgrmb g lbong sgìag gtâ qum gs Hfrtms am lmu gueustf pgb am`bimrml g mstm rmspmbtf, hfl pmrdmbtf hfonmhblmotf ags hbrhuostéohbgs qum tãl fhfrrbaf.“ Of lmslf lãs, g lmtrøpf`m obvm`fu f Ybf am Cgombrf ë hfoabåèf ags amlgbs prfvìohbgs. F rmemotm rmvbafu m mxpu`sfu gs trfpgs `usbtgogs af Ybf am Cgombrf. Gs augs hfrtms absputgvgl f pfamr gtâ qum, ml smtmlirf am

 

7>99, a. [marf rflpmu hfl g pçtrbg-lèm, sgergoaf-sm blpmrgafr ml 79 am futuirf af lmslf gof. Hfotrfvârsbgs sfirm g agtg m f dglfsf ‐erbtf“ oèf dg`tgl. Omonul cfrog` am âpfhg dgz qug`qumr lmoåèf gf 5 am smtmlirf. Ml hgrtg gfs pgu`bstgs, agtgag af abg >, f prìohbpm gpmogs dg`g ag omhmssbagam am vf`tgr gf Ybf am Cgombrf ml duoåèf am oftìhbgs rmhmibags am [frtueg`, sml qug`qumr lmoåèf ë [rfh`glgåèf ag Boampmoaãohbg. hgrtgsøabrbebag pgb, ml 99 am smtmlirf, oèf lmohbfog f mvmotf. F Ml ‐erbtf“ hflmåggfg egongr dfråg g pgrtbr am 7>94, hfl g pui`bhgåèf af tmstmluonf af pgarm Im`hnbfr [bonmbrf Dmrrmbrg boh`uboaf g agtg am 5 am smtmlirf of hg`moaçrbf ags dmstbvbagams ag boampmoaãohbg. Oèf pfr ghgsf ‘ `mlirg g nbstfrbgafrg Qm`lg Ymbog`af ‘, pfbs dfb mssm f lflmotf ml qum g prfauåèf af hgdâ gpgrmhmu of hmoçrbf mhfoñlbhf, sbog`bzgoaf qum f Blpârbf pfamrbg hglbongr sml [frtueg`.

I]TM@FQ, @fubs. Hngdgrbz ag rug af Hfoam. Hfoam. 7>1=.

 

IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\.

[grg lubtfs, g boampmoaãohbg pfam smr amdbobag hflf ul lfvblmotf igstgotm m`btbstg, hucfs lmlirfs tbongl am sm fpfr ‘ amsam g Bohfodbaãohbg Lbombrg fu ag Ymvf`uåèf [mrogliuhgog ‘ gfs prfcmtfs dfrtmlmotm vf`tgafs pgrg g gutfoflbg rmebfog`. Gutfoflbg sbog`bzgag pm`g Ymvf`uåèf af [frtf, qum gergagvg ës m`btms rmebfogbs irgsb`mbrgs pfr blp`bhgrml hfotrf`m sfirm f sbstmlg pf`ìtbhf m sfirm gs rmoags ags mx-hgpbtgobgs. Brfobhglmotm, g pgrtbr am 7>97, gs h`gssms aflbogotms af Ofrtm m Oframstm lgbs sm bamotbdbhgvgl hfl [frtueg` af qum hfl gs framos mlbtbags af Ybf am Cgombrf. F lfvblmotf hfostbtuhbfog`bstg irgsb`mbrf ghmotufu fs turib`nýms. A. [marf gpfbgvg f lfvblmotf hfl rmssg`vgs af tbpf3 ‐G Hfostbtubåèf amvm smr abeog af lmu pfamr“. Frg, oèf hgusfu mstrgonglmotf qum gs m`btms sm abvbabssml. Gpfbgr gs hfrtms pfrtueumsgs sbeobdbhgvg sm suilmtmr g ul efvmrof `bimrg`, gf pgssf qum f blpmrgafr tbong prbohìpbfs gisf`utbstgs. G`âl abssf, gs trfpgs mstghbfogags ogs abvmrsgs prfvìohbgs tgliâl mstgvgl abvbabags. Of Ofrtm m Oframstm, rmebstrgrgl-sm lfvblmotfs prø-@bsifg3 af [grç gf Hmgrç, pgssgoaf pm`f Lgrgonèf m [bguì, hfod`btfs grlgafs sm mstmoamrgl am 7>99 g 7>98. Og Ignbg, gs `utgs pbpfhgrgl pfr ul gof. Fs erupfs hfostbtuhbfog`bstgs qumrbgl hrbgr ul sblb`gr oghbfog` ags hfrtms pfrtueumsgs. [gtrfhbogafs pm`gs m`btms af Ybf am Cgombrf, Lbogs Emrgbs m Xèf [gu`f, hfosmeubrgl dgzmr fuvbr ‐f erbtf af Bpbrgoeg“ qum, sml mssm gpfbf, oèf pgssgrbg am lgbs ul imrrf af gutfrbtçrbf blpmrgafr.

 

G boampmoaãohbg, pfrâl, prmefu ulg pmåg omssgs lmslgs m`btms. A. [marf hrbfu f ‐pfamr lfamrgafr“, gtrgvâs af qug` sm rmsmrvgvg, motrm futrgs prmrrfegtbvgs, f abrmbtf am oflmgr smogafrms, abssf`vmr gssmli`mbgs `mebs`gtbvgs, sgohbfogr amhrmtfs, suspmoamr rmsf`uåýms am hfosm`nfs prfvbohbgbs, oflmgr `bvrmlmotm lbobstrfs, suspmoamr lgebstrgafs m boabhgr prmsbamotms am prfvìohbg. Ml rmsulf3 pfabg dgzmr f qum iml qubsmssm! Foags pfbs lgbsgsg`tgs, lm`nfr, rmgåýms lgbs dfrtms sm gouohbgrgl of nfrbzfotm, m`btmsfupmrhmimrgl g boampmoaãohbg hflf ul rmtrfhmssf. Gs pg`gvrgs am framl pgssgrgl g smr boampmoaãohbg `fhg` fu rmpói`bhg! G Hfodmamrgåèf af Mqugafr ‘ lfvblmotf amd`gergaf ml [mrogliuhf, ml 7>91 ‘ hfotfu hfl g gamsèf am dgzmoambrfs, am nflmos sblp`ms m tgliâl am pgarms. Gamrbrgl g m`g smbs prfvìohbgs, smoaf qum [grgìig, Hmgrç m Ybf Ergoam af Ofrtm gtâ dfromhmrgl trfpgs pgrg `utgr `gaf g `gaf hfl fs pmrogliuhgofs. G vbf`motg rmprmssèf qum sm smeubu ambxfu ul sg`af am hmotmogs am pmssfgs lfrtgs, amzmssmtm hfoamogafs ë dfrhg boh`usbvm h`ârbefs, hflf drmb Hgomhg, mssm, grhgiuzgaf.

 

A. [marf rmhufu m hfovfhfu g prblmbrg gssmli`mbg `mebs`gtbvg, mlpfssgoaf-g ml 7>94. Lgs f dmamrg`bslf hfotbougvg smoaf ul sfonf abstgotm. G prfvìohbg Hbsp`gtbog sm bosurebu m hfosmeubu `bimrgr-sm3 ogshbg f ]rueugb. Hfl g eumrrg, f Blpârbf pgefu ulg hfotg m`mvgaìssblg m tfrrfu fs rmhursfs pói`bhfs3 dg`bg f Igohf af Irgsb`, ml 7>92. Bod`gåèf, dg`tg am g`blmotfs, mlbssèf am lfmags pgrg hfirbr egstfs pói`bhfs dbzmrgl amspmohgr g pfpu`grbagam af blpmrgafr. Ml 5 am girb` am 7>87, m`m rmouohbfu gf trfof pgrg gpgzbeugr fs éoblfs of Irgsb`. Ml smu `uegr, ambxfu ulg hrbgoåg qum oml ngvbg hflp`mtgaf smbs gofs am bagam. Og prçtbhg, g giabhgåèf sbeobdbhfu g trgosdmrãohbg am pfamr pgrg gs m`btms rmebfogbs, rmprmsmotgags, prblmbrglmotm, pfr trãs rmemotms m ampfbs pfr ul m`mbtf3 Abfef Dmbcø (7>8=-7>85), hucf suhmssfr dfb Grgócf @blg (7>857>1;). Fs rmemotms tbongl g gutfrbagam sbstmlgtbhglmotm hfotmstgag. @mvgotms sm lu`tbp`bhgrgl, m sø g hfrfgåèf am a. [marf BB, gfs qubozm gofs, ml 7> am cu`nf am 7>17, pgrtm am ul lfvblmotf hfosmrvgafr, pmrlbtbu g

 

hfostruåèf am ul prfcmtf oghbfog`, hgpgz am lgotmr botghtgs gs drfotmbrgs hfoqubstgags gboag of pmrìfaf gotmrbfr. F Irgsb` af Blpârbf, motrmtgotf, oèf sfdrbg am bsf`glmotf3 rmhmimu vbgcgotms mstrgoembrfs, blbergotms, dg`fu futrgs `ìoeugs, g`âl af pfrtueuãs, blpfrtfu `bvrfs m prfdmssfrms am agoåg m am ifgs lgombrgs. Blpfrtfu tgliâl am of hfosulf, qum Xmotfu-sm luagrgl fë abg g abg.ficmtfs F`nfu-sm mspm`nfutmosì`bfs, ag Murfpglfags m qubs msmrnçibtfs hflf m`g. lmsg m hflmu hfl egrdf m dghg. Dfb smrvbaf ë drgohmsg m imimu hnglpgeom m wnbsjy wnbsjy.. Blbergotms mstrgoembrfs trfuxmrgl pgrg hç tmlpmrfs m rmhmbtgs. Fs sfirgafs gigoafogrgl g trgabåèf biârbhg pgrg egongr modmbtms, dghngags omfh`çssbhgs m cgrabos boe`msms. Xugs rugs lu`tbp`bhgrgl f hflârhbf am blpfrtgafs. Quaf ghfotmhbg ml vm`fhbagams abdmrmotms of `btfrg` m of botmrbfr. Gtâ qum gs rmhâl-hnmegags `bongs dârrmgs grrgstgssml gs ofvbagams smrtèf gamotrf. Ofvbagams hflf f dfftig`` dfftig`` m  m f UH hnmegrgl cuotf hfl f gpbtf af trml, of dbog`zbonf af sâhu`f. Ogs hglgags bodmrbfrms, qugsm of irgsb`mbrg. duoaf afOglgr am nbstørbgs, gì mohfotrglfs g gåèf hrbgtbvg ag emotm rftbog, fismrvglfs hflf gs pmssfgs rmspfoabgl ës gerurgs ag vbag, ës abdbhu`agams lgtmrbgbs, ës hfoqubstgs m rmg`bzgåýms. G`b, vmlfs gtfs qum oèf prfauzml omhmssgrbglmotm amhbsýms lgrhgotms, oml emrgl hgtçstrfdms, lgs qum gcuagl g rmd`mtbr sfirm f qum dgz fraboçrbg g trglg am ofssg vbag, hfotrbiuboaf pgrg ulg nbstørbg am ofssg sfhbmagam, m, sfirmtuaf, pgrg g nbstørbg ags smosbib`bagams, ags tâhobhgs, ag botm`beãohbg am quml prfauz m am quml hfosflm ulg hu`turg. [ÇEBOGX 71 M 7= 

GAGL, Tbhtfr. Tbhtfr. Yug Abrmbtg Abrmbtg3 Ybf am Cgombrf. 7>8=. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@. ML3 Y]EMOAGX, CFNGOO LFYBQS. TBGEML [BQFYMXHG  GQYGTÂX  GQYG TÂX AF IYGXB@. ZEYGT]YG 48\.

Og rftbog, f sb`ãohbf. F sb`ãohbf sfirm gs mxpmrbãohbgs hfluos. Mxpmrbãohbgs, og lgbfr pgrtm ags vmzms, vbvbags og prbvghbagam. Tbvãohbgs lgrhgags pfr luagoågs pfuhf vbsìvmbs foam prmaflbogvgl nçibtfs m hfstulms girbegafs pfr trçs afs lurfs ag botblbagam. Ml hgsg, tuaf luagvg amvgegrzbonf3 f grhgìslf ogs rm`gåýms motrm nflml m lu`nmr, motrm pgbs m db`nfs, motrm smonfrms m mshrgvfs fu pgtrýms m mlprmegafs. Of

 

hgsglmotf, ofvbagams3 f glfr motrgvg of `uegr ags g`bgoågs pfr botmrmssm. Of smxf, lubtgs rmhflmoagåýms lâabhgs m prfbibåýms, sø gou`gags hfl gs prfstbtutgs. Og afmoåg m og lfrtm, rmlâabfs ofvfs pgrg afmoågs gotbegs qum hfotbougvgl g suprblbr pgrhm`gs botmbrgs ag sfhbmagam. Og rftbog, modbl, gs h`bvgemos motrm pói`bhf m prbvgaf sm ghmotugrgl, gcuagoaf g hfostrubr `motglmotm vbag iureumsg, qum ag sm sfhbmagam. mstmoamu hflf lfam`f, ergågs ë blprmosg, ësghglgags lâabgs m g`tgs Og rug, f fpfstf3 fs sfos, g vm`fhbagam, f ofvf. F igru`nf am hgdâs m hfodmbtgrbgs m am emotm g hbrhu`gr pm`fs mbxfs hmotrgbs ags hbagams. Ofvgs lfags am vmstbr m am sm abvmrtbr. Ogs vbgs pói`bhgs, tgliâl g çeug mlpfågag, f `bxf, fs amtrbtfs, fs rgtfs m lfsqubtfs qum egrgotbgl g pmrpmtubagam am mpbamlbgs. M lmofs hgrrfågs am geugambrfs, pfbs g çeug mohgogag hflmåfu g gigstmhmr gs tfrombrgs. F `gaf ifl m f rubl ags bofvgåýms sm lbsturgvg3 fs ifoas ifoas,, puxgafs g iurrf, mstmrhgvgl fs hglbonfs pói`bhfs. G tm`mergdbg ghm`mrgvg g hbrhu`gåèf am oftìhbgs m gulmotgvg fs rbshfs amqugotf hfod`btfs. b`ulbogåèf rmbovmotgvg g vbag ofturog tgotf pgrg ifãlbfs pgrg G hrblbofsfs. Qgotgs bodfrlgåýms b`ulbogl gs prçtbhgs m fs emstfs boabvbaugbs fu hf`mtbvfs, g lmlørbg m g trgoslbssèf am gtbtuams m nçibtfs qum mstruturgl f uobvmrsf foam mvf`ubu g emotm irgsb`mbrg. M mstm `bvrf hfovbag vfhã, `mbtfr, g lmreu`ngr omssm lgr am nbstørbgs.

 

[ÇEBOGX 7> M 72 

XG@GQNÂ, Drbmarbhn. [`gotgåèf Drbmarbhn. [`gotgåèf am hgdâ . 7>8=. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 XQMBOLGOO, CFNGOO. XF]TMOBYX AM  YBF AM CGOMBYF. ZEYGT]YG 7\.

  lgebomlfs g hmog3 ul rgpgz cfvml, g`tf, ifobtf, am hgim`fs `furfs m f`nfs gzubs, vmstbaf hfl `foegs lmbgs irgohgs, sgpgtfs am dbvm`g m hg`ågs `bembrglmotm iudgotms. Qrgtg-sm af cfvml a. [marf BB. Mstglfs ml cgombrf am 7>18, m m`m, gfs amzmssmtm gofs, dgz, motèf, g ‐dg`g af trfof“, gqum`g qum girm f gof `mebs`gtbvf ag Gssmli`mbg Emrg`. Hfl vfz dbog, dg`fu pfuhf. Hfotmotm, gouohbfu smu hgsglmotf hfl g  cfvml qum sø hfonmhbg am rmtrgtf, Qmrmsg Hrbstbog, brlè af rmb ags Augs Xbhì`bgs. Lgbs hfotmotm, oftbhbfu3 g ofbvg hnmegrbg ml irmvm gf Irgsb`! @fef ampfbs, ‐lgobdmstfu g lçefg prfduoag qum ab`ghmrgvg smu hfrgåèf pm`gs rmvf`tgs hflmtbags ogs prfvìohbgs am Xèf [gu`f m Lbogs Emrgbs“, hflf rmebstrfu ul afs pf`ìtbhfs prmsmotms, Cfèf Lgoum` [mrmbrg ag Xb`vg, ml sugs  Lmlørbgs..  Lmlørbgs F blpmrgafr gergamhmu f motusbgslf hfl qum, am vçrbfs pfotfs af Blpârbf, ‐fs pfvfs ghuabrgl ml amdmsg ag @mb, ag Framl m ag Hfrfg“. M`febfu f Mxârhbtf, g Lgrbong m g Eugrag Oghbfog`, qum ngvbgl rmauzbaf fs rmim`gafs ë fimabãohbg, m prflmtmu3 g `utg of Ybf Ergoam af Xu` tmrlbogrbg irmvmlmotm. F efvmrof oèf pfupgrbg lmbfs, dfråg m momrebg pgrg tg`. Gf dbog`, rmhflmoafu qum sm dbzmssml mstuafs sfirm f mstgaf ags dbogoågs af Blpârbf, sfirm g Bostruåèf [rblçrbg m Xmhuoaçrbg m mohmrrfu, pmaboaf prfvbaãohbgs qum dgvfrmhmssml g blbergåèf mstrgoembrg. Xbl, f Irgsb` ngvbg pgssgaf am hf`ñobg g Blpârbf. Ampfbs ag pgrtbag af pgb, f lfogrhg dfrg gssbstbaf pfr ul hfosm`nf am rmemotms, gtâ 7>1;. Omssm lmslf gof ‘ m pgrg sgbr ags abdbhu`agams qum fs rmemotms modrmotgvgl ‘ a. [marf BB gssulbu f trfof. Qbong qugtfrzm gofs m f gpfbf af pfvf qum rgibshfu vmrsfs ofs lurfs ag hgpbtg`3 ‐Wumrmlfs [marf BB/ Mlifrg oèf tmong bagam/ G ogåèf abspmosg g `mb/ M vbvg g lgbfrbagam“. Ogs prblmbrgs aâhgags af sâhu`f ^B^, vgstfs p`gog`tfs g fmstm af pgìs dfrgl fhupgafs. Gs hbagams `btfréomgs hrmshmrgl, gssbl hflf f oólmrf am

B

 

lfrgafrms. G prfhurg pfr lfrgabgs, lmrhgafrbgs, imos am hfosulf m mshrgvfs gulmotfu. G hgpbtg` ag hf`ñobg vbrfu smam ag hfrtm m f lgbfr pfrtf omermbrf ags Glârbhgs. Of abg g abg, g mshrgvbaèf mstgvg ml tfag g pgrtm m pgrg tfafs. Nflmos `bvrms m pfirms, irgohfs, lu`gtfs fu omerfs tbongl, m`ms tgliâl, smus hgtbvfs. G lmotg`bagam mshrgvbstg mrg emrg`. Xbl, pfbs f rflpblmotf g framl pgssfu amrmprfauzbaf ul vmrobz `bimrg` gp`bhgaf pfr ul erupfhfl am m`btm, oulhf`fobg` prfcmtf oèf hfosmrvgafr, ml hgshgtg, am g`tf g igbxf, og sfhbmagam.

Hfrfglmotf am a. [marf B, 7>99. DYÎYMX, Qnbmrry. Hârâlfobm am sghrm am a. [marf 7mr. Mlpmrmur Au Irâsb`.. 7>82. Irâsb` IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEGDBG\. ML3 AMIYMQ, CMGO-IG[QBXQM. TFRGEM  [BQQFYMXW]M MQ NBXQFYBW]M NBXQFYBW]M G] IYÂXB@. QFLM QYFBXBÎLM. [. 57.

F Irgsb` hfotbougvg hfl f lmslf p`gof mshrgvbstg, qum g`blmotgvg g rbqumzg am prfprbmtçrbfs am tmrrg: mssms, pfr sug vmz, egrgotbgl f gpfbf ë lfogrqubg. Xø qum, ml vmz am motrmegr sugs rbqumzgs g [frtueg`, m`ms gs motrmegvgl ogs lèfs afs boe`msms, hflprgafrms afs prfautfs irgsb`mbrfs.

 

Of boìhbf af sâhu`f ^B^, g lbshbemogåèf bg gvgoågag: gs rm`gåýms am h`gssm m g hfoabåèf sfhbg` mrgl mxtrmlglmotm aboélbhgs. F hflârhbf motrm f Hmotrf m f Xu` hrmshbg, gulmotgoaf g bod`uãohbg afs omefhbgotms ogs amhbsýms pf`ìtbhgs. Lubtfs mstrgoembrfs dfrgl hnmegoaf pgrg dgzmr omeøhbfs fu vbgemos am amshfimrtgs hbmotìdbhgs. F pgìs fdmrmhbg fpfrtuobagams m hurbfsbagams. rbfs dghb`btgrgl g pmomtrgåèf: gs ighbgs af [rgtg, af Glgzfogs m afFsXèf Drgohbshf prflfvmrgl gs lbergåýms botmrogs. G emotm irgsb`mbrg hbrhu`gvg… Hbrhu`gvg, m lgbs3 mssg emotm gefrg sm boqubmtgvg. Gs afrms af pgrtf af Blpârbf mrgl tgliâl gs sugs. Afrms qum mlmrebgl og dfrlg am tmosýms qum pmrhfrrbgl f Irgsb` am Ofrtm g Xu`. G pgrtbag am a. [marf B pgrg [frtueg` sushbtfu afbs smotblmotfs3 f am gotb`usbtgobslf m f am `bimragam. F pgìs amvmrbg smr `bvrm, gutñoflf. ‐Lgzflifs“ ‘ irgohfs ogshbafs og hf`ñobg ‘, gdrbhgofs, lmstbåfs, `bvrms, dfrrfs m mshrgvfs qumrbgl lgbs mspgåf og vbag pói`bhg. M, sfirmtuaf, ‐smr irgsb`mbrf“ pgssfu g smr g gotìtmsm am ‐smr pfrtueuãs“. Gs tmosýms, gotms glmobzgags `gåfs ampm`f ‐brlgoagam“ hfltrgig`nf g lmtrøpf`m, ë tfog. M`gs surebglpm`fs og absputg lmrhgaf am fu am vbmrgl fpfrtuobagams, motrm gs hglgags lgbs amsdgvfrmhbags m fs blbergotms pfirms pfrtueumsms. M`gs mxbstbgl of prmmohnblmotf am hgrefs iurfhrçtbhfs fu pfstfs lb`btgrms, ml qum fs `usfs pgssgvgl ë drmotm afs irgsb`mbrfs. M, lmslf og hfrtm, pgbrgvg g amshfodbgoåg am ul rmtrfhmssf gf gisf`utbslf, pfbs rmstgvgl vçrbfs lmlirfs af ‐pgrtbaf pfrtueuãs“, g dgvfr ag pmrlgoãohbg af aflìobf `usbtgof.

 

Lmag`ng hflmlfrgtbvg ag hfrfgåèf am a. [marf BB, ul cfvml blpmrgafr, 7>17. L]XM] BL[MYBG@/BIYGL/L BL[MYBG@/BIYGL/LBOH. BOH.

[bfr3 g boampmoaãohbg oèf trfuxm sf`uåýms mspmrgags pgrg lubtfs prfi`mlgs. Gs m`btms, qum gpfbgrgl g mlgohbpgåèf, qumrbgl lgbs pfamr. Fs gerbhu`tfrms, tmrrgs. Fs mshrgvfs, `bimragam. Fs hflmrhbgotms, pmqumofs fu ergoams, lmofs blpfstfs. Mbs pfrqum tgotfs, pfr rgzýms tèf abvmrsgs, pmegrgl ml grlgs ml sbtugåýms amshrbtgs hflf ‐lftbos pf`ìtbhfs“. Motrm 7>89 pgìs. m 7>8=, lgbs am vbotm `mvgotms mh`fabrgl ogs prbohbpgbs hbagams af Drustrgags, gs m`btms sm qumbxgvgl am qum, gpmsgr ag mlgohbpgåèf m ag trgosdmrãohbg af pfamr pf`ìtbhf pgrg gs prfvìohbgs, g amshmotrg`bzgåèf mrg pfuhg m oèf gtmoabg gfs botmrmssms `fhgbs. Fs rmprmsmotgotms am tgbs pfamrms sm rmssmotbgl, pfbs fs hgrefs am gutfrbagam ‘ cubz am pgz fu prmsbamotm am prfvìohbg, pfr mxmlp`f ‘ mrgl prmmohnbafs, oèf lgbs pfr lmlirfs ags dglì`bgs trgabhbfogbs, lgs pfr boabhgafs pm`f pfamr hmotrg`. G`âl am modrgqumhbafs, fs lmlirfs ags m`btms sm abvbabgl bamf`febhglmotm3 ngvbg f ‐pgrtbaf irgsb`mbrf“ m fs `bimrgbs rgabhgbs, qum abvmrebgl qugotf gfs ficmtbvfs g smrml gtboebafs.

 

]l Blpârbf grbstfhrgtg m mshrgvbstg. HNGB@@FQ Z6\. Dmbtfr Z6\. Dmbtfr hgstbegoaf mshrgvf.. 7>14. mshrgvf IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\.

[grg f ‐pgrtbaf irgsb`mbrf“, f bamg` mrg g hrbgåèf am ulg lfogrqubg aug`, qum prmsmrvgssm g gutfoflbg galbobstrgtbvg m g `bimragam am hflârhbf. G botrgosbeãohbg ags hfrtms ‘ `mlirg Qm`lg Ymbog`af ‘ dmz mssm pgrtbaf boh`bogr-sm ë mlgohbpgåèf, lgs sml g`tmrgåýms og framl sfhbg` m ofs prbvb`âebfs. Fs `bimrgbs rgabhgbs dfrlgvgl ul erupf pftmohbg`lmotm rmvf`uhbfoçrbf m mstgvgl lgbs prøxblfs ags hglgags pfpu`grms. G`euos am`ms mrgl rmpui`bhgofs m, ml smu hfocuotf, hfostbtuìgl f erupf lgbs rmhmptbvf ës prfduoags luagoågs ag sfhbmagam. Fs ergoams prfprbmtçrbfs rurgbs `begafs gf ‐pgrtbaf irgsb`mbrf“ mrgl fs qum abspuongl afs lmbfs pgrg gtboebr fs smus prfpøsbtfs3 hflârhbf `bvrm, sml motrgvms lmrhgotb`bstgs, hfl g gamsèf ag iureumsbg irbtéobhg m g igsm ag mshrgvbaèf. Omssg âpfhg, mlmrebu ul erupf blpfrtgotìssblf3 f afs nflmos `bvrms m pfirms, qum pfabgl smr irgohfs, pgrafs, omerfs fu ìoabfs sfirmvbvmotms ag fhupgåèf m ag hf`fobzgåèf. Mrg emotm qum tbong ul lfaf am vbag gutñoflf

 

m g suisbstãohbg egrgotbag pm`fs rmhursfs ogturgbs am foam vbvbg. [`gotgvgl lgoabfhg, lb`nf m dmbcèf. Hrbgvgl pfrhfs m eg`bongs. Hfonmhbgl g lgtg m absputgvgl hfl fs prfprbmtçrbfs gs tmrrgs qum qumrbgl pgrg sb. Boampmoamotmlmotm afs pgrtbafs fu erupfs pf`ìtbhfs g qum pmrtmohmssml, gs m`btms tmlbgl fs pfirms, vbstfs hflf boblbefs fu içrigrfs qum duebgl ë sug gutfrbagam. Wugoafulg rmvf`tgafs, bospbrgvgl M`ms tgliâl sug amlgoag3 qumrbgl vbag lm`nfr. M pfr pgvfr. m`g `utgrgl. Mssm dfb,tbongl pfrtgotf, ul tmlpf ml qum g tmrrg m sug emotm sm bohmoabgrgl.

 

 

X

motblmotf hgpgz am mxp`bhgr hflpfrtglmotfs hf`mtbvfs, f lmaf am rmvf`tgs lgrhfu g prblmbrg lmtgam af sâhu`f ^B^. F ghólu`f am drustrgåýms hfl g mlgohbpgåèf hrbfu ulg rmgåèf of hfrpf sfhbg`.

Lbsârbg, dflm, dbshf, am `bimragam, hflg fs ‐g`dghbongs“, tuaf sm lbsturfu oul dg`tg hg`ambrèf am sgoeumhfohfrrãohbg m dfef, m, motrm giabhgåèf am a. [marf B m g lgbfrbagam am a. [marf BB, hfod`btfs vbf`motfs sghuabrgl f pgìs. Wugoaf nflmos `bvrms m pfirms hflmågrgl g fhupgr hnèfs qum g hgog ngvbg gigoafogaf of Oframstm, ul afs prblmbrfs hnfqums tmvm boìhbf3 g Ymvf`tg afs Hgigofs, ml 7>89, qum sm mstmoamu gtâ 7>8=. Abdmrmotmlmotm am futrgs rmim`býms, g Hgigogag, qum ghfotmhmu ml [mrogliuhf m G`gefgs, oèf dfb ulg hfotmstgåèf gf rmeblm gutfrbtçrbf, oml glibhbfogvg g boampmoaãohbg rmebfog`3 dfb ulg eumrrg ags ‐emotms af lgtf“ ‘ ìoabfs, mshrgvfs m pfssmbrfs  ‘ ml amdmsg am sug pfråèf am tmrrg, mxp`bhg Lgrhus L. am Hgrvg`nf. Quaf hflmåfu iml `foem ag`b, og hbagam m hfl lftbvgåèf pf`ìtbhg. Ml girb` am 7>89, nfuvm ul `mvgotm am lb`btgrms am g`tg pgtmotm m am ergoams prfprbmtçrbfs rurgbs, bosgtbsdmbtfs hfl g giabhgåèf am a. [marf B. G gobstbg gfs lmlirfs ag Hfodmamrgåèf af Mqugafr ‘ lfvblmotf rmpui`bhgof m smpgrgtbstg, am rmgåèf ës tmoaãohbgs gisf`utbstgs am a. [marf B, qum fhfrrmrg ml 7>91 ‘ trfuxm am vf`tg gf pfamr vm`nfs boblbefs ag lfogrqubg. Mssg m`btm sm rmvf`tfu hfotrg f ofvf efvmrof prfvbohbg`, lgs dfb amrrftgag. Frg, mssms prfprbmtçrbfs rurgbs ngvbgl abstrbiuìaf grlgs pgrg mshrgvfs m ìoabfs of botmrbfr, pmosgoaf ml tã-`fs hflf g`bgafs oulg pfssìvm` `utg. Lgs gefrg ml grlgs m `bvrms, gs ‐emotms ag lgtg“ glmgågvgl smus smonfrms. F efvmrof amhbabu, motèf, lgoagr ul mxârhbtf hfl lgbs am lb` nflmos, pgrg g abvbsg hfl G`gefgs, g dbl am moqugarç-`fs. Fs lb`btgrms ngvbgl pgssgaf g hnglgr fs rmvf`tfsfs am ‐hgigofs“, oulg rmdmrãohbg ës hgigogs ml qum vbvbgl of lmbf af lgtf. Ml dbog` am 7>89, g dbeurg am smu `ìamr, Tbhmotm am [gu`g, amstghfu-sm. Ergoam hfonmhmafr ags lgtgs m g`bgaf gfs ìoabfs m gfs mshrgvfs duebafs qum `utgvgl pfr `bimragam, m`m hfstulgvg gssbogr ‐Hflgoagotm am Qfags gs Lgtgs“.

 

 Lfam`f bamg`bzgaf ag Eugrag  Oghbfog` af Blpârbf. IGYYFX, Cfgqubl @fpms am. Eugrag Oghbfog`3 Oghbfog`3 Grtb`ngrbg. 7>17. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\.

Fs hgigofs rmhngågrgl, ofs prblmbrfs mligtms, gs trfpgs af efvmrof m afs ergoams prfprbmtçrbfs qum vbmrgl amsg`fcç-`fs. Ampfbs, dfrgl `motglmotm vmohbafs. Oèf dfrgl, pfrâl, gs gutfrbagams qum grrmdmhmrgl g `utg hfotrg fs hgigofs, m, sbl, g lfrtm am a. [marf B, ml 91 am smtmlirf am 7>81, vìtblg am `foeg m pmofsg tuimrhu`fsm. Gpmsgr ag mlgohbpgåèf ml 7>99, ngvbg lubtg emotm ofstç`ebhg af prblmbrf blpmrgafr, blgebogoaf qum sflmotm m`m pfamrbg trgzmr gs omhmssçrbgs rmdfrlgs m `bimragam pgrg tfafs. Fs efvmrogafrms am [mrogliuhf m G`gefgs, Lgofm` am Hgrvg`nf [gms am Goargam m Gotñobf [botf Hnbhnfrrf ag Eglg, oèf sm trgoqub`bzgrgl hfl f g`megaf dbl ag Hgigogag m amhbabrgl hmrhgr fs hgigofs og lgtg, hfl ul

 

mxârhbtf am lgbs am 1 lb` nflmos. [rflmtbgl gobstbgr fs abssbamotms qum sm motrmegssml m, ergågs g mssg grlgab`ng, hfosmeubrgl hgpturgr ul ergoam oólmrf am hfligtmotms. Tbhmotm am [gu`g sø dfb prmsf, pfrâl, ml 7>1>, oulg mlifshgag pf`ìtbhg grlgag pm`f lgrquãs af [grgoç, Nfoørbf Nmrlmtf Hgrombrf @mèf. Movbgaf pgrg Dmrogoaf am Ofrfong, sø vbu g `bimragam ml 7>47, gfs smtmotg gofs ammstfurfu bagam. of [grç g Hgigogeml. Xmus Ml 7>8=, bospbrgag ofs vbzbonfs, botmergotms mrgl, am ofvf, g emotm pfirm m oèf irgohg, mxh`uìag pm`fs pfrtueumsms ag pfssm ag tmrrg fu afs pmqumofs omeøhbfs3 boaìemogs, hflf fs lurg m fs jggpfr, omerfs, lmstbåfs fu tgpubfs, `bvrms m pfirms, sf`agafs m rmhrutgs vboafs af Hmgrç, dglì`bgs am trgig`ngafrms frbuoags am [mrogliuhf, emotm qum dgzbg hflârhbf hfl g Eubgog Drgohmsg, hfl hfluobagams botmrbfrgogs, pm`fs smrtýms af Erèf-[grç, m hfl boaìemogs am abvmrsgs g`ambgs, trgig`ngafrms `bvrms qum dgzbgl trgig`nf mshrgvf, rm`bebfsfs. ]lg turig boqubmtg ml lmbf ë qug` sm fuvbgl fs lgbs vgrbgafs abg`mtfs. ‐Emotm am abvmrsg smeuoaf gmlamshrbåèf af sâhu`f drgohãs^B^. Mlb`y Hgrrmy, qum rmg`bzfu vbgemos hfr“, pm`g Glgzñobg lmgafs af F lfvblmotf, bobhbgaf of abg 5 am cgombrf ‘ agtg amabhgag ë dmstg am Xèf Qflâ, prftmtfr afs ìoabfs ‘ sm trgosdfrlfu oul hflp`mxf am `utgs, tboeboaf am sgoeum fs rbfs ag Glgzñobg.

 

Eugrag oghbfog` rmebstrgaf pfr vbgcgotm drgohãs. IBGYA, Drgoåfbs-Gueustm. Amux Drgoåfbs-Gueustm. Amux gooâms gu Irâsb`… fuvrgem b``us. am 7>; vbeomttms amssboâms pgr M. Ybfu a‒gprâs `ms hrfqubs am l. Ibgra. 7>49. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@. Am boìhbf, blpñs-sm g lfib`bzgåèf pgrg mxpu`sgr gs dfrågs rmghbfoçrbgs qum prmtmoabgl lgotmr g rmebèf hflf hf`ñobg am [frtueg`. G dg`tg am rmdfrlgs gtbåfu fs éoblfs. G hfrtm sm msqumhmrg af Erèf-[grç. Xug emotm mxtrmlglmotm hgrmotm, lfotgag ml hgofgs m vbvmoaf sfirm pg`gdbtgs, tbong ulg bamotbagam abvmrsg agqum`g ml dfrlgåèf og hfrtm, of Ybf am Cgombrf. M, ofvglmotm, prmvg`mhmu f gotb`usbtgobslf, bamotbagam hfostruìag hfotrg fs pfrtueumsms qum ‐lgoagvgl“ of Erèf-[grç m f mxp`frgvgl hflmrhbg`lmotm. Ymvbrgvf`tgs, trgbåýms m gssgssbogtfs lgrhgrgl g

 

Hgigogeml. G rmvf`tg dfb sb`mohbgag oul lgssghrm qum gtboebu qugsm 9;% ag pfpu`gåèf3 hmrhg am 8; lb` lfrtfs, lmstbåfs, ml sug lgbfrbg. M f qum abzmr ag Ig`gbgag, of Lgrgonèf6 Mssg tmvm ul mpbsøabf tmrrìvm`. Moqugotf og hgpbtg` irbegvgl fs fpfsbhbfobstgs m fs gamptfs af efvmrof rmemohbg`, of botmrbfr, erupfs grlgafs smlmgvgl germssýms, hnmdbgafs pm`f vgqumbrf Ygbluoaf Eflms f Hgrg pm`fvbf`motgag dgirbhgotmpm`g am ig`gbfs Lgoum` Drgohbshf afsTbmbrg GocfsCutgì, Dmrrmbrg, hucg [rmtg: db`ng dfrg pf`ìhbg: m pm`f prmtf Hfslm Imotf ags Hngegs, qum sm botbtu`gvg afl Hfslm, tutfr m blpmrgafr ag @bimragam Iml-tm-vb. G rmvf`tg hnmefu g rmuobr ul mxârhbtf am 77 lb` rmim`ams, rmprfauzboaf f tmrrfr fhfrrbaf of Ngbtb of sâhu`f ^TBBB, qugoaf fs omerfs tflgrgl f pfamr m gs prfprbmagams afs irgohfs. Fs ig`gbfs gboag tbvmrgl f gpfbf am 8 lb` mshrgvfs, qum duebrgl ags dgzmoags, sm gqub`fligrgl m dbhgrgl sfi g `bamrgoåg af afl Hfslm. G mstrgtâebg afs rmvf`tfsfs mrg am eumrrb`ng rurg`3 mlmrebgl afs lgtfs pgrg gtghgr am fs grlgs pfotfsm sf`agafs drghfs agtfag amdmsg efvmrof. G rmspfstg dfb lgotmr eugromhbag vb`gaf m hbagam blpfrtgotm. Ml tmlpfs am Ig`gbgag, gssbstbu-sm g mpbsøabfs tmrrìvmbs, amoftgafrms ag igriçrbm qum abtgvg, ogqum`ms hgotfs, gs rmergs am hfovìvbf. Hfotg Tbrbgtf Hfrrmbg f mohfotrf am Lgoum` afs Gocfs hfl f lgcfr Cuvãohbf, hnmdm Imltm-vb ag hbagam am Hgxbgs, hucg db`ng, Lgoum`, f ig`gbf, qubs amsforgr. Ymvf`tgaf, f pgb ef`pmfu f ig`gbf of rfstf, m vmbf g puobåèf hfotgag pfr Tbrbgtf Hfrrmg m hf`bebag pm`f nbstfrbgafr lgrgonmosm Cmrñoblf am Tbvmbrfs. F Ig`gbf, of lmbf ag vgrgoag, mstgvg `ìvbaf, mstgrrmhbaf, f f`ngr mohblg af dgzmoambrf hnbspgoaf… Cfèf Tbtørbf m Eugrbig, afbs dghìofrgs qum ghf`btgvgl f hnmdm, gtbrgrgl-sm g Cuvãohbf… ‘ Oèf lgtml! Xmeurml f nflml gpmogs! Mu lmslf qumrf vboegr. Ouohg oboeuâl lm amu og hgrg. @mvml f vm`nf pgrg dfrg, gì pgrg drmotm ag hgsg. Ig`gbf prmpgrg-sm pgrg gtbrgr og hgrg af lgcfr, lgs, rçpbaf, tml ulg `mlirgoåg m lgoag qum abspgl f vm`nf, trgegl ulg geu`ng am sghf, dbf dfrtm, ulg dghg m f `mbtèfzbonf qum nç pfuhf tbong rmhmibaf am prmsmotm. G sfrrbr, pgssfu g lèf pm`f vmotrm am Cuvãohbf, m dfb ul ef`pm sø, ef`pm dbrlm am hbrurebèf, af mstñlgef ës vbrb`ngs. Hfl g lèf msqumrag pñs pgrg dfrg gs vìshmrgs ag vìtblg, m hfl g abrmbtg, mlpurrfu`nm f `mbtèf vmotrm gamotrf. F goblg` mspmromfu ml grrgohfs,

 

eubohngoaf amsmspmrgaglmotm. ‘ Gcuag gqub, Yubvf, amprmssg! Hg`hg, moqugotf mu hfsf. M dfb hfsmoaf, hfsmoaf tfag g dmrbag… Tbongl `ç am amotrf af vmotrm sgoermotf, hgag vmz lgbs gigdgafs, hgag vmz lgbs surafs, fs eruonbafs af pfrqubonf. Hmogs nfrrbpb`gotms rmpmtbrgl-sm og Ig`gbgag, mspg`ngoaf f tmrrfr pfr tfags gs dgzmoags af rbhf vg`m af Btgpbhuru.

 

Igtg`nèf sgboaf af Ybf am Cgombrf  pgrg hfligtmr rmvf`tgs rmebfogbs. rmebfogbs. GAGL, Tbhtfr. Xgo Hnrbstfvgo. Hnrbstfvgo. Z7>8=\. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 Y]EMOAGX, CFNGOO LFYBQS. TBGEML   [BQFYMXHG GQYGTÂX GQYGTÂX AF IYGXB@. ZEYGT]YG 41\.

Ml 7>82, hfosmrvgafrms m `bimrgbs supmrgrgl gs sugs abvmreãohbgs m pgssgrgl g uobdbhgr g `utg hfotrg fs qum glmgågvgl g hfotboubagam af sbstmlg. Blmabgtglmotm sm ghbfofu f usf ag dfråg pm`f efvmrof. Hfl g gcuag am prfprbmtçrbfs m hflmrhbgotms, fregobzgrgl-sm igtg`nýms prfvbsørbfs ml abvmrsgs `fhg`bagams. Ml 7>1;, @uìs G`vms am @blg m Xb`vg, f duturf Auqum Hgxbgs, g prmsbaãohbg ag prfvìohbg af Lgrgonèf. Ë drmotm amamhmrhg am > gssulbu lb` nflmos, mstgvgl agags gs hfoabåýms pgrg g ergoam

 

rmprmssèf ‘ qum rmuobu, gboag, `gvrgafrms, germegafs, dmbtfrms m gs pfamrfsgs dglì`bgs `fhgbs ‘ hfotrg g Ig`gbgag m gs abvmrsgs dfrlgs am rmsbstãohbg ë mshrgvbaèf. Tg`m `mlirgr qum, ogs rmvf`tgs af motèf hnglgaf Ofrtm, gs lu`nmrms smlprm tbvmrgl pgpm` rm`mvgotm3 `mvgvgl m trgzbgl rmhgafs m bodfrlgåýms, prmpgrgvgl pgrg hfligtmotmsm gm prmsmoåg agvgl-`nms qugoaf duebafs. Hflg`blmotfs gs hbagams mlfshrmshblmotf am eugrbag ulg pfpu`gåèf lmstbåg, qug`qumr lftbl pfabg hfotgr hfl g prmsmoåg am ìoabfs, gdrbhgofs, pgrafs, nflmos `bvrms, `bimrtfs fu pmqumofs prfprbmtçrbfs rurgbs. Ml smtmlirf am 7>11, oul mpbsøabf hnglgaf ‐Dmhng-Dmhng“, erupfs grlgafs am pgus m hgssmtmtms, dueboaf gf hfotrf`m ags gutfrbagams, prflfvmrgl ul trmlmoaf qumirg-qumirg og hbagam am Ymhbdm, nfrrfrbzgoaf fs lfrgafrms. Fs bosuremotms pmrtmohbgl ës h`gssms lgbs pfirms ag sfhbmagam m mrgl hfosbamrgafs ‐emotg`ng“. F prmtmxtf dfb g absputg m`mbtfrg` motrm hfosmrvgafrms m `bimrgbs, lgs ngvbg tgliâl ulg rgzèf smlbfhu`tg3 g `utg g dgvfrghusgafs ag oghbfog`bzgåèf af prmåfs hflârhbf vgrmcbstg, qum mstgvg og lèf afs `usbtgofs, am lgobpu`gr m rfuigr pmsfs. G lfib`bagam sfhbg` qum hflmågrg `ç gtrçs, of sâhu`f ^TBBB, gefrg mxbebg lgbs. Fs trgig`ngafrms urigofs qumrbgl smr fuvbafs. Wumrbgl lgbs mspgåf pgrg trgig`ngr, gssbl hflf g oghbfog`bzgåèf af hflârhbf g rmtg`nfs. Xugs rmbvboabhgåýms mrgl gs lmslgs afs `bimrgbs rgabhgbs, afs amputgafs af pgrtbaf prgbmbrf, m`ms tgliâl `bimrgbs, afs duohbfoçrbfs afs igbxfs mshg`ýms ag iurfhrghbg m afs pmqumofs prfautfrms. Mrg f pfvf amsmcfsf am luagr sug sbtugåèf. Ml 7>1>, mh`fabg lgbs ul lfvblmotf smpgrgtbstg, lbsturgaf hfl absputgs pgrtbaçrbgs pm`f pfamr m hfl g rmvf`tg pfpu`gr hfotrg gs lçs hfoabåýms am vbag3 pfirms, g [rgbmbrg. Fs germegafs fs pmqumofs gerbhu`tfrms m fs mshrgvfs, gssbl hflf g emotm ag hbagam, duebgl gf hfotrf`m am smus smonfrms. Ymim`gafs, gf smrml mxpu`sfs ags tmrrgs, sm cuotgrgl gf [grtbaf ag [rgbg, hrbgaf pgrg fpfrsm gf [grtbaf @bimrg` m gf [grtbaf Hfosmrvgafr, glifs aflbogafs pfr dglì`bgs pfamrfsgs qum vbvbgl dgzmoaf ghfrafs pf`ìtbhfs motrm sb. Amvbaf g mssms ghfrafs, lubtgs vmzms mrg abdìhb` abstboeubr f @bimrg` af Hfosmrvgafr, hflf lubtgs vmzms ghfotmhm og pf`ìtbhg irgsb`mbrg. F ficmtbvf afs prgbmbrfs mrg ulg hfostbtubotm hgpgz am g`tmrgr g Hfostbtubåèf am 7>91. Og ofvg hfostbtubåèf, smrbgl hfotmlp`gafs tmlgs hflf `bimragam am blprmosg, vftf `bvrm m uobvmrsg`, mxtboåèf af pfamr lfamrgafr m af hgref vbtg`ìhbf am smogafr, oghbfog`bzgåèf af hflârhbf

 

vgrmcbstg qum, hflf cç vblfs, mstgvg ogs lèfs afs pfrtueumsms. Gif`båèf6 Oml sm hfebtfu. Fs prgbmbrfs ngvbgl sbaf gdgstgafs ag galbobstrgåèf, f qum hgusfu g rmvf`tg. Gs amlbssýms afs prgbmbrfs fs `mvgrgl g gtghgr Ymhbdm, agoaf boìhbf ë `utg grlgag. G [rgbmbrg bobhbfu ml F`boag, ml 5 am ofvmlirf am 7>1>. Omssm abg, fs `ìamrms prgbmbrfs, f emomrg` Cfsâ Boçhbf am Girmu m @blg, hgpbtèfafam[grtbaf grtb`ngrbg [marfGotñobf Bvf Tm`fsf ag ag Xb`vmbrg m f lb`btgotm ag g`g frgabhg` @bimrg`, Ifrems Dfosmhg, `goågrgl f ‐Lgobdmstf gf Luoaf“. Aurgotm ul gof, fs hnfqums dfrgl vbf`motfs, tmrlbogoaf hfl g amrrftg afs prgbmbrfs m g vf`tg afs hfosmrvgafrms gf pfamr. Hmrhg am 7.=;; hfligtmotms prgbmbrfs `utgrgl hfotrg gs trfpgs af efvmrof blpmrbg`, qum, hfl sug vbtørbg, pusmrgl dbl gf hfod`btf. Lgbs am qubonmotfs rmvf`uhbfoçrbfs dfrgl lfrtfs, trmzmotfs ghgigrgl prmsfs, vçrbfs, hflf Girmu m @blg m [marf Bvf, dfrgl gobstbgafs pfstmrbfrlmotm, futrfs duebrgl pgrg f mxtmrbfr. Of gof smeubotm, gssulbu f efvmrof ul prmsbamotm ‘ hflf sm hnglgvg f hgref am efvmrogafr og âpfhg ‘ amsmpgrgtbstgs bambgs lfamrgags. Ml futrgs prfvìohbgs, fs lfvblmotfs fu dmamrg`bstgs hfotbougvgl gdrfotgoaf f efvmrof rmemohbg`. Gs hngohms am mssms erupfs dfrtg`mhmrml smus prfcmtfs am boampmoaãohbg mrgl ergoams, pfbs, ogs `utgs hfotrg gs trfpgs af efvmrof, fs dgzmoambrfs grlgvgl smus hgtbvfs m germegafs. Lgs tgliâl ngvbg prfi`mlgs. Qgbs lfvblmotfs hrbgvgl rghngaurgs ogs m`btms, abvbabags motrm ghmbtgr f efvmrof rmemohbg` fu sm tfrogrml boampmoamotms. Frg, of gpfbf agaf ë m`btm pm`g emotm lgbs sblp`ms tgliâl vbhmcgvgl hfod`btfs, ulg vmz qum sm qumirgvgl, omssgs `utgs, fs gotbefs `gåfs am pgtmrog`bslf. Mshrgvfs agvgl gs hfstgs g smonfrms: pmqumofs gerbhu`tfrms, ergoams m gssbl pfr abgotm. Motrmtgotf, tmosýms motrm gs h`gssms smrvbs mg fs rmprmsmotgotms am bofvgåýms rmvm`gvglgsgspmhtfs botmrmssgotms ag qumstèf3 pfr mxmlp`f, nflmos am hfr m hgifh`fs mrgl mxtrmlglmotm gdmbtfs gfs vg`frms ag lfogrqubg. Mrgl hfosmrvgafrms m prmzgvgl g trgabåèf, gf pgssf qum smus smonfrms m pgtrýms qumrbgl trgosdfrlgåýms, tbongl bambgs rmpui`bhgogs. Gs qumbxgs af blpmrgafr ml sug ‐dg`g af trfof“ abzbgl rmspmbtf ë Ymvf`uåèf @bimrg` qum bohmoabfu Xèf [gu`f m Lbogs Emrgbs, ml 7>19. Ogs augs prfvìohbgs ghrmabtgvg-sm qum f efvmrof hmotrg`bstg af Ybf, aflbogaf pm`fs hfosmrvgafrms, sm tfrogrg ‐dfrlg`lmotm abtgafr“. G rgzèf dfb g vbf`motg pmrsmeubåèf hfotrg gs hélgrgs m f msvgzbglmotf ags luobhbpg`bagams, qum mxmrhbgl g custbåg m f pf`bhbglmotf am dfrlg

 

boampmoamotm. F boìhbf ag sui`mvgåèf sm amu hfl fs `bimrgbs smoaf ghusgafs am drguam m`mbtfrg`. Oèf ghmbtgoaf f rmtfrof afs hfosmrvgafrms gf lbobstârbf, `ìamrms hflf Qfibgs am Geubgr, Gotñobf Dmbcø, Qmødb`f Fttfob prfpusmrgl rmtflgr f pfamr pm`g `utg grlgag. Boólmrgs hbagams gamrbrgl3 [boaglfongoegig, Qguigtâ, @frmog, Xb`vmbrgs, Xgotg Içrigrg, Xgotg @uzbg, Hgmtâ m Xgigrç. ]lg hf`uog, g ‐Hf`uog @bimrtgafrg“ lgrhngrbg gtâ g hfrtm pgrg amrruigr f lbobstârbf. Gs dfrågs af efvmrof oèf sø lfib`bzgrgl sugs trfpgs hflf botmergrgl g m`gs mshrgvfs duebafs am smonfrms af hglpf `bimrg`. Xmeuoaf f hñomef Cfsâ Gotñobf Lgrbonf, sblpgtbzgotm afs bosuremotms, g prfvìohbg am Lbogs tmrbg sbaf ‐bouoagag am ouvmos am ogeñs m lbogs qum `mvgrgl g tfag g pgrtm g amvgstgåèf m f sgqum“. Gboag smeuoaf m`m, ‐mspg`ngrg-sm f emrlm lgbs pmrbefsf qum pfrvmoturg sm pfssg p`gotgr of Irgsb`“. Gs pg`gvrgs af hñomef ambxgl h`grf qum, ml trãs sâhu`fs am sbstmlg mshrgvbstg, lubtg hfbsg ngvbg luagaf. M f lmaf ag ‐emotm am hfr“ mstgvg ë d`fr ag pm`m. Lgbs ulg vmz, Hgxbgs of smotbaf am Ergoam mslgegrafgXu`, sui`mvgåèf. qum fshfosmeubrgl duebr, smgtufu rmduebgrgl of Ybf qum vbvbgFs motèf tmlpfs ag Ympói`bhg Dgrrfupb`ng. M f qum dfb m`g6 ]lg `utg am lgbs am amz gofs hfotrg f Blpârbf. @utg am bambgs rmpui`bhgogs hfotrg ul Irgsb` lfoçrqubhf. @utg hfotrg g hmotrg`bzgåèf pf`ìtbhg. Eumrrg qum lfib`bzfu prfprbmtçrbfs am tmrrgs m am egaf, iml hflf fs dgrrgpfs m g pmfogag ags mstéohbgs, g`âl am emotm am tfafs fs mstrgtfs sfhbgbs. Gs qumbxgs mrgl lubtgs3 pmrag am gutfoflbg: gulmotf afs blpfstfs qum mrgl hgrrmgafs pgrg f Ybf am Cgombrf: tgxgs m`mvgags sfirm g hrbgåèf am egaf: g blpfrtgåèf af sg`: motrm futrgs. Gs mlprmsgs pmhugrbstgs tmlbgl qumaff rbf efvmrof imomdbhbgssm hfohfrrmotm mstrgoembrf mstgim`mhbaf og ighbg ag [rgtg m mxbebglf ulg pf`ìtbhg prftmhbfobstg. Hfosbamrgvgl qum f efvmrof gs gigoafogvg. Gvg`bgvgl f trgtglmotf qum `nms mrg agaf hflf ‐bocustf“. Qg` hflf ml futrgs prfvìohbgs, g m`btm rbf-ergoamosm oèf gprfvgvg fs boabhgafs pm`g Ymeãohbg pgrg efvmrogr sug prfvìohbg. Ml 9; am smtmlirf am 7>8=, ampfbs am mshgrgluågs, f hfrfom` Imotf Efoåg`vms ag Xb`vg motrfu og hgpbtg` gigoafogag3 g gutfrbagam duebrg. Imotf Efoåg`vms g`megvg qum g smabåèf mrg ulg rmgåèf am `meìtblg amdmsg am `bimragams glmgågags, rmgdbrlgoaf, hfotuaf, sug `mg`agam ë framl lfoçrqubhg. Mx-pmèf, qum tmvm hgrrmbrg irb`ngotm ogs lb`ìhbgs aurgotm gs Eumrrgs Hbsp`gtbogs, m`m pmrtmohbg gf erupf am mstgohbmbrfs ag drfotmbrg qum

 

amsmcgvgl rmdfrågr gs bostbtubåýms ag sfhbmagam rbf-ergoamosm, sml qumirgr g framl vbemotm. Wugotf ë mshrgvbaèf, pfr mxmlp`f, Imotf m smus hfotmlpfréomfs gprfvgvgl f dbl af trçdbhf, lgs oèf f dbl af sbstmlg. Ngvbg ul ergoam oólmrf am hgtbvfs ogs mstéohbgs pgrg hubagr qumr af egaf, qumr ags p`gotgåýms. Xmu rmpui`bhgobslf oèf pfam smr hfoduoabaf hfl rgabhg`bslf. Fs dgrrfupb`ngs egongrgl m pmramrgl igtg`ngs, tmoaf am modrmotgr amdmhåýms am g`bgafs qum pgssgvgl g agr gpfbf gf Blpârbf. Gboag gssbl, g 77 am smtmlirf am 7>84, of Hglpf afs Lmomzms, Gotñobf am Xfuzg Omtf prfh`glfu g Ympói`bhg Ybf-Ergoamosm. Ml = am ofvmlirf af lmslf gof, fs dgrrfupb`ngs rgtbdbhgrgl g lmabag og Hélgrg Luobhbpg` am [brgtbob, boabhgoaf pgrg g prmsbaãohbg Imotf Efoåg`vms m, hflf hgpbtg`, g lmslg [brgtbob. G ofvg rmpói`bhg abspuong-sm g girgågr gs amlgbs prfvìohbgs qum qubsmssml sm cuotgr g m`g og lmslg dfrlg am efvmrof. Mssg prfh`glgåèf lgrhfu ul ofvf tmlpf of lfvblmotf rmvf`uhbfoçrbf. boabhg gqum dfb afamrbhf mstgohbmbrf m hngrqumgafr Aflboefs Cfsâ Quaf am G`lmbag prfpfstg duoagr ulg rmpói`bhg, qugoaf lubtfs dgrrfupb`ngs pmosgvgl ml sm lgotmr dbâbs gf trfof. Lbobstrf af Botmrbfr m ag Dgzmoag af efvmrof dgrrfupb`ng, G`lmbag tml ul pmrdb` qum b`ulbog futrfs rfstfs am mlprmmoamafrms amssg âpfhg. Ogshbaf ml 7525, of grrgbg` af Qbcuhf, gtug` Abglgotbog, Lbogs Emrgbs, db`nf am ul pfrtueuãs am Irgeg m am ulg lbombrg, dfb pgrg g prfvìohbg af Ybf Ergoam ml 7>72. Wumrbg hflprgr ulg trfpg am lu`gs. Og vb`g am Xèf Drgohbshf am [gu`g, gtug` [m`ftgs, dbohfu rgìzms m bobhbfu sugs gtbvbagams hfl ulg `fcg am smhfs m lf`ngafs. [fstmrbfrlmotm, abvmrsbdbhfu smus omeøhbfs hfl g hfostruåèf am ulg f`grbg, ulg ‘dçirbhg sgièf m vm`gsogs am smif, bovmstblmotfs ogvmegåèf d`uvbg` ‐tbongammligrhgåýms lgbs hfl abdmrmotms prgågs“ og ‘, hrbgåèf am egaf m hngrqumgag, botrfauåèf am ofvf prfhmssf am amstb`gåèf ag ergxg g vgpfr. Mrg am`m g igrhg @bimrg` igrhg  @bimrg`,, trgospfrtgafrg am grlgs m nflmos aurgotm g Dgrrfupb`ng, qum, pfstmrbfrlmotm, dfb gprbsbfogag pm`f efvmrof blpmrbg` m trgosdfrlgag ml ogvbf am eumrrg. Of hgref am lbobstrf, dfb ul afs rmagtfrms af mstgtutf ag hfostbtubåèf af ofvf mstgaf, g`âl am fregobzgafr ag lçqubog galbobstrgtbvg3 mstgim`mhmu hf`mtfrbgs, prflfvmu grrmhgagåèf am blpfstfs, rmeu`glmotfu gs rmergs af hflârhbf botmrof m trgåfu abrmtrbzms pgrg g rmprmsmotgåèf abp`flçtbhg. Xug lgbfr prmfhupgåèf mrg g cç tèf msqumhbag mauhgåèf.

 

Cfrog`bstg, duoafu ul Egibomtm am @mbturg m, aurgotm f surtf am hø`mrg, ml 7>==, ul nfspbtg`. Xmlprm ës prøprbgs hustgs. Lfrrmu pfirm ml 7>57. Lubtfs `ìamrms dgrrgpfs, g`âl am G`lmbag, hfonmhmrgl g prbsèf. [grg fs amtbafs ogs dfrtg`mzgs hgrbfhgs, motrfu ml hmog g lçqubog bovbsìvm` ag lgåfogrbg, qum movbgvg abonmbrf pgrg suifrogr cuìzms m eugrags. G`euos rmim`ams nulb`ams dfrgl aurgssm gobstbgafs, sfi g prflmssg oèf vf`tgr gf Ybf Ergoam af Xu` moqugotf g rmvf`uåèf. Imotf am Efoåg`vms smrrfu gs ergams ag dfrtg`mzg ag @gcm, og igìg am Eugogigrg, lgs oèf qubs pgrtbr sml `mvgr smu hflpgonmbrf am `utg, [marf Iftbhçrbf. Lubtf efraf, f Iftbhçrbf oèf hfosmeubg pgssgr pm`f mstrmbtf iurghf. Qrgosdmrbaf pgrg f dfrtm af Lgr, ml Xg`vgafr, Imotf amssg vmz duebu ogagoaf. ]l igrhf am pmshgafrms f geugragvg pmrtf ag prgbg. M`m vbgcfu pfr tmrrg m lgr gtâ g prfvìohbg ab`ghmrgag pm`g eumrrg pgrg gssulbr g prmsbaãohbg ag Ympói`bhg af Ybf Ergoam af Xu`. F hmrhf am [frtf G`merm tmrlbofu pfr mseftgr fs dgrrgpfs. Gpmsgr am iml dfrobafs m nflmos, erupf mstgvg abshørabg pf`ìtbhg. Ngvbgml fs grlgs qum qumrbgl f dblf ag eumrrg m fsabvbabaf qum oèfpm`g f qumrbgl. F igrèf am Hgxbgs, hfl g g`huong am f [ghbdbhgafr, ampfbs am rmstgim`mhmr g framl of Lgrgonèf dbhfu mohgrrmegaf am gpgzbeuç-`fs. Ergågs g g`euos ghfrafs smhrmtfs m ë hmssèf am mxbeãohbgs am ogturmzg mhfoñlbhg, f hfod`btf sm msvgzbfu. Ampfbs am rmuobafs ml hfosm`nf hfl Hgxbgs, fs emomrgbs dgrrgpfs movbgrgl ulg lbssèf am pgz gf Ybf am Cgombrf. Fs movbgafs ‘ qum sm omegrgl g imbcgr g lèf af cfvml blpmrgafr ‘ hfosmeubrgl boh`ubr of trgtgaf am pgz vçrbgs h`çusu`gs am smu botmrmssm3 gs aìvbags ag Ympói`bhg smrbgl pgegs pm`f efvmrof blpmrbg`, m`ms mshf`nmrbgl fs prøprbfs prmsbamotms fs mshrgvfs `bimragam, fs prbsbfombrfs am am prfvìohbg, eumrrg smrbgl sf`tfs, fshfligtmotms fdbhbgbs afsegongrbgl dgrrgpfs gssulbrbgl lmslfs pfstfs of mxârhbtf irgsb`mbrf. Gs abvmrsgs rmvf`tgs m f gotb`usbtgobslf amlfostrgrgl sug dfråg og prblmbrg lmtgam af sâhu`f ^B^ m amrgl greulmotfs pgrg fs qum amdmoabgl g hmotrg`bzgåèf af pfamr hflf egrgotbg am uobagam af Blpârbf. G lfogrqubg dmamrgtbvg smrbg g óobhg dørlu`g pgrg `utgr hfotrg gs tmotgåýms af smpgrgtbslf. G`âl abssf, g pgrtbhbpgåèf pfpu`gr hfl lmstbåfs, ìoabfs m mshrgvfs hgusgvg ergoam lmaf m pmrturigåèf. G rmim`bèf lgbs gssustgafrg dfb, sml aóvbag, g Ymvf`tg afs Lg`ãs, ml 7>8= og Ignbg, fregobzgag pfr luåu`lgofs, prbohbpg`lmotm am frbeml

 

bfruiç, motèf hnglgafs ogeñs. F tmrlf ‐lg`ã ‐lg`ã““ amrbvg am blg`m blg`m,, qum sbeobdbhg luåu`lgof ml bfruiç, hflf mxp`bhg f nbstfrbgafr Cfèf Cfsâ Ymbs. Og lgaruegag am 9= am cgombrf am 7>8=, Xg`vgafr ghfrafu ml péobhf. Hmrhg am smbshmotfs rmvf`tfsfs ambxgrgl g hgpbtg` ag prfvìohbg ml pf`vfrfsg. M`ms dgzbgl pgrtm afs 19% ag pfpu`gåèf ag hbagam qum mrg mshrgvg. G lgbfrbg afsggdrbhgofs ogeñ. G`bgafs g futrfs qum vbmrgl ml ag rmebèf afs moemonfs, mshrgvfs mrg m `bimrtfs ag hbagam fregobzgrgl-sm tfrof am ul prfcmtf am rmim`bèf. F qum prmtmoabgl, hgsf sgìssml vbtfrbfsfs, hflf abz Ymbs, mrg qum g Ignbg lg`ã smrbg ulg ogåèf hfotrf`gag pm`fs gdrbhgofs, tmoaf ë drmotm fs luåu`lgofs, tg`vmz ul hg`bdgaf frtfafxf fu ul Mstgaf of qug` f pgegobslf prmaflbogotm motrm fs gdrbhgofs dfssm tf`mrgaf. Am tfag lgombrg, oèf dfb ul `mvgotm sml abrmåèf, ul mspgslf sfhbg` prfautf af amsmspmrf, lgs ul lfvblmotf abrbebaf ë tflgag af pfamr. Fs lg`ãs dfrgl fs rmspfosçvmbs pfr p`gomcgr g rmim`bèf m lfib`bzgr fs bosurrmtfs. Xugs rmuobýms mrgl ulg lbsturg am mxmrhìhbfs hfréobhfs hfl `mbturg mshrbtg,af rmzgs m hfospbrgåèf. prøprbf `mvgotm ghfotmhmu of dbog` af lãs msgergaf Yglgaè, f ofof afFhg`moaçrbf luåu`lgof. Fs lg`ãs dfrgl ës rugs hfl rfupgs bs`élbhgs m glu`mtfs prftmtfrms dmbtfs am høpbgs am rmzgs, am pgssgemos af G`hfrèf m am iãoåèfs am `ìamrms mspbrbtugbs. Hbmotms am qum hfostbtuìgl lbofrbg og hfluobagam gdrbhgog, m`ms oèf nmsbtgrgl ml hfovbagr mshrgvfs oèf luåu`lgofs pgrg f `mvgotm. Tmohbafs pm`gs dfrågs ag framl, amzmogs am gdrbhgofs, luåu`lgofs fu oèf, dfrgl hfoamogafs g pmogs am gåfbtm, prbsèf, amermaf m lfrtm. Gs rmvf`tgs rmemohbgbs lfstrgrgl qum dfb prmhbsf ul pghtf motrm fs erupfs aflbogotms gtâ pgrg mvbtgr qum ‐f pfpu`ghnf“ m fs mshrgvfs tflgssml grlgs dfssmllfamrgafr ë `utg. Mssms erupfs tbongl afs ‐amigbxf“! G lfogrqubg m fmpfamr smrbgl ghmbtfs sm lmaf nfuvmssm g`tmroéohbg am pfamr motrm fs pgrtbafs. [fuhf g pfuhf, f pgìs sm ghg`lfu. F tmlfr m f amrrglglmotf am sgoeum mstgohgrgl. Emotm irgsb`mbrg, emotm hfrabg`6 Oèf. G pg`gvrg oml hfostgvg af vfhgiu`çrbf. Qg`vmz ‐hfrag“, fu smcg, pruamotm. Tf`tgvg, gssbl, g vm`ng framl ml qum pfuhfs lgoagvgl m lubtfs fimamhbgl fu, pfrqum ‐hfragtfs“, dboebgl fimamhmr. Xfi f sbeof ag omefhbgåèf m af dgotgslg afs hfod`btfs, dfb tmlpf am vf`tgr gf trgig`nf, gf egong-pèf.

 

 A. [marf BB ml sug cuvmotuam. A.  [marf BB, blpmrgafr af Irgsb`. Irgsb`. L]XM] BL[MYBG@/BIYGL BL[MYBG@/BIYGL/LBOH /LBOH. ugoaf f blpmrgafr mrg gpmogs ul lmobof, smeuoaf smu duturf huongaf, f prìohbpm am Cfbovb``m, am pgssgeml pm`f Ybf am Cgombrf, ml 7>8>, ‐ulg dbeurg lbuabong, mlpmrtbegag, hflpmomtrgag, mlprfgag“, vbvbg hmrhgaf am hglgrbstgs m lbobstrfs. Moqugotf f pgb dfb vbvf, mshrmvbg-`nm hfl amvfåèf ‘ ‐Lmu qumrbaf [gb m lmu Xmonfr“ ‘, dg`goaf am sguagams m `glmotgoaf sug gusãohbg3 ‐oèf pfabg lm hfosf`gr, oml pfssf…“ A. [marf rmspfoabg, pmaboaf qum `nm movbgssm amsmonfs hfl vbstgs af Ybf. Ørdèf am lèm, f lmobof gboag oèf tbong ofvm gofs qugoaf lfrrmu f pgb. F pgb glbef ghfosm`ngvg-f g mstuagr3 ‐qum gssbl oèf smoaf, amsergågaf hnmdm, amsergågaf pfvf!“. Am dgtf, gs `mbturgs m fs mstuafs dfrgl smus óobhfs hflpgonmbrfs. Mrgl pfuhgs gs irbohgambrgs af lmobof blpmrgafr3 dboebr-sm am pgarm of ‐hgsglmotf“ ag brlè, afog Drgohbshg, cfegr hgrtgs m dgzmr tmgtrbonf. Qrgzbg of rfstf g pg`bamz af lçrlfrm! Qml ‐g tmstg lubtf g`tg m prfmlbomotm, f`nfs duoafs, sugs ifhnmhngs sèf efrags ml igbxf m vãl sm cuotgr gf lgxb`gr bodmrbfr qum sm sg`bmotg sfi f futrf“. [uxgrg g dglì`bg gustrìghg am sug lèm, fs pfamrfsfs Ngisiuref. Mspbhngaf m trbstm, gssbl tèf ofvf cç tbong fs lfafs am ul nflml am qugrmotg gofs, hflmotfu f prìohbpm drgohãs. F rmemotm Grgócf @blg hfstulgvg, smlprm qum pfssìvm`, tbrgr f pmqumof lfogrhg ag Wubotg ag Ifg Tbstg pgrg lfstrç-`f gf pfvf. Ymtrgtfs mrgl movbgafs ës prfvìohbgs m ës hbagams, foam mrgl rmhmibafs ml lmbf g dmstgs3 ulg lgombrg am mstgr prmsmotm, mstgoaf gusmotm. Fs prblmbrfs gofs af Xmeuoaf Ymbogaf ngvbgl sbaf lgrhgafs pfr prfduoag bosmeurgoåg pgrg f bomxpmrbmotm cfvml, hflf `mlirfu smu ibøergdf, Cfsâ Lurb`f am Hgrvg`nf. F blpmrgafr pgrmhbg bodm`bz, modgagaf m sb`mohbfsf, smeuoaf f hfoam Xuzgoomt, qum f hfonmhmu. [grg efvmrogr, rmhfrrbg g ul rmsquìhbf gisf`utbstg moxmrtgaf og Hfostbtubåèf `bimrg` am 7>913 f pfamr lfamrgafr, qum agvg gf hnmdm am Mstgaf f pfamr am oflmgr m amlbtbr `bvrmlmotm smus lbobstrfs, f qum `nm pmrlbtbg prflfvmr ul rfaìzbf motrm pf`ìtbhfs `bimrgbs m hfosmrvgafrms.

W

 

 Of Blpârbf, hgsgs-ergoams trgosdfrlgrgl-sm ml pg`çhbfs.

 

OGMNMY, Cu`bus. Ignbg am tfafs fs Xgotfs gudemofllmo oghn amr Ogtur. Ogtur. Z7>--\. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZHGYQFEYGDBG\. G Amh`grgåèf ag Lgbfrbagam rmdmrbag hflf Ef`pm ag Lgbfrbagam, fhfrrmu mlam 98a.am[marf cu`nf BB, am tgliâl 7>1;, hfl f gpfbf af [grtbaf @bimrg`, m mohmrrfu f pmrìfaf rmemohbg` irgsb`mbrf. Fs `bimrgbs gebtgrgl f pfvf, qum prmssbfofu f Xmogaf g amh`grgr f cfvml lgbfr am bagam gotms lmslf am hflp`mtgr qubozm gofs. F gtf tmvm hflf prbohbpg` ficmtbvf g trgosdmrãohbg am pfamr pgrg qum f blpmrgafr, mlifrg bomxpmrbmotm, pusmssm dbl ës absputgs pf`ìtbhgs qum gig`gvgl f Irgsb`. Omssm abg dmstbvf, mstuagotms bovgabrgl f [g`çhbf ag Wubotg ag Ifg Tbstg, pgrg dm`bhbtç-`f. Hflf abssm ul ibøergdf smu, [marf Hg`lfo, ‐dfb hflf ul pâ am vmotf rmimotgoaf pm`fs hfrrmafrms, `mvgoaf f hg`fr af pfvf!“. Ghrmabtgvgsm qum sug dbeurg amtmrbg gs rmvf`tgs ml hursf. Moqugotf hrmshbg f blpmrgafr, hrmshbg tgliâl futrf ‐rmb“3 f hgdâ. Mrg f sâhu`f af Blpârbf m afs hgdmzgbs! F rbf [grgìig, `élbog am irfozm qum hfrrbg mshurg m irb`ngotm, dfb f imråf amssg ofvg dgsm ag nbstørbg. Gqub m `ç, f hursf a‒çeug gtrgvmssgvg g pgbsgeml ags dgzmoags motrm g smrrg d`ulbomosm, f p`gog`tf pgu`bstg m f su` am Lbogs. F [grgìig m smu vg`m dfrgl f mspgåf am ulg lmtglfrdfsm lmstbåg, foam sm lbsturgrgl lb`ngrms am gtfrms goñoblfs3 irgohfs, omerfs m ìoabfs. Gtfrms qum pgrtbhbpgrgl am lflmotfshngvm am ofssf pgssgaf3 g Boampmoaãohbg, g mxp`fsèf ag hgdmbhu`turg hflf rbqumzg oghbfog`, g Gif`båèf m f dbl af Blpârbf. Lgs vf`tmlfs ul pfuhf gtrçs. Wugoaf a. [marf B, gboag og qug`bagam am rmemotm pfrtueuãs, hruzfu f Tg`m g hglbonf ag hgpbtg` ag prfvìohbg am Xèf [gu`f, gs dgzmoags am hgdâ cç blprmssbfogvgl. [fr mxmlp`f, g af hgpbtèf ags Framogoågs am Igmpmoab, Nb`çrbf Eflms Ofeumbrg, am vm`ng dglì`bg lbombrg, qum girbu gs pfrtgs pgrg rmhmimr g hflbtbvg af prìohbpm, ml sugs tmrrgs foam amsgirfhngvgl hgdmzgbs, trbegbs m p`gotgåýms am gob`. Xø of gof am 7>99, og sug dgzmoag am Xèf Cfèf Lgrhfs, Nb`çrbf hf`nmu =;; grrfigs am hgdâ, mxpfrtgoaf-gs pgrg g hfrtm. Mrg afof am >4 mshrgvfs qum hu`tbvgvgl lb`nf, grrfz, dmbcèf m hrbgvgl pfrhfs pgrg f hflârhbf am tfuhbonf. Oul futmbrf, vf`tgaf pgrg f `mvgotm m prftmebaf af vmotf drbf af Xu`, mreumu ulg ags lgbfrms m lgbs blpfomotms smams ag prfvìohbg, hfl sugs smozg`gs m g ergoam tu`ng pgrg grlgzmogr erèfs. Of motfrof, drmotms am mshrgvfs girbgl

 

h`grmbrgs, amrruigoaf pmrfigs, hgom`gs m hgibóogs pgrg p`gotgr hgdâ. F rbghnf [brgpmtboeg, fs rbfs Igogog` m Qurvf nbargtgvgl g rmebèf. G rbqumzg afs dgzmoambrfs hfl fs qugbs f prìohbpm hruzgrbg of Tg`m af [grgìig oèf mstgvg gpmogs `begag ë `gvfurg am hgog, gf trfpmbrbslf m gf gigstmhblmotf am eãomrfs. Ngvbg, tgliâl, quml omefhbgssm ‐ulg hgrrmbrg“, pg`gvrg usgag pgrg amsbeogr f trgospfrtm am lmrhgafrbgs m goblgbs pfr tmrrg fu çeug. Futrfs pgrtbhbpgvgl gtbvglmotm af omeøhbf lgbs `uhrgtbvf am motèf3 f am mshrgvfs. Lmslf smoaf lfrgafrms am ‐smrrg ghblg“, m`ms hfonmhbgl fs lmhgobslfs amssm hflârhbf m lubtfs am`ms mrgl ‐trgtgotms am hgtbvfs“ gaqubrbafs ë vbstg og hfrtm m vmoabafs g prgzf of Tg`m, Tg`m, hfl lgreml am `uhrf am 7;;%. F rmsu`tgaf6 Lubtg rbqumzg3 imos ml prgtg, hgvg`fs am hrbgåèf, ibi`bftmhgs, hgsgs am g`ueum`. Bovmotçrbfs m tmstglmotfs lmohbfogl ‐abonmbrfs m egonfs“. Dglì`bgs pfamrfsgs sm bamotbdbhgvgl pm`gs pgtmotms lb`btgrms qum rmqubsbtgvgl fu egongvgl mxmrhmoaf pfamr pf`ìtbhf foam mstgvgl bostg`gags. Xm p`gotgags ë imbrg af hglbonf, sugs tmrrgs pgrg g bovmrogag af egaf qumg hruzgvg gs mstrgags. hfotgrmrgl qum g`uegags tgbs prfprbmtçrbfs hfotrf`gvgl tfag bodfrlgåèf qum pfrXml g`b pgssgssm. M`ms sgibgl, ml prblmbrg lèf, tuaf f qum ghfotmhbg motrm Lbogs, Ybf m Xèf [gu`f.

G rbqumzg af Tg`m mrg gotbeg. F dfromhblmotf am eãomrfs gf egrblpf mstgim`mhbaf mlemotm, Lbogsamssms Emrgbs‐smonfrms of amhfrrmr sâhu`fs ^TBB m ^TBBB vboafs mstmvm ogs lèfs amssg afsafs hglbonfs“. Fs prfautfs

 

af [bguì, Ignbg, [mrogliuhf, gtrgvmssgoaf fs rbfs Tmram, Tmram Ergoam m Efrutuig, gtâ gs igrrgohgs af rbf ags Tm`ngs, pgssgvgl pfr m`ms, qum hfotrf`gvgl, tgliâl, fs vbgcgotms qum suibgl g Lgotbqumbrg, vboafs ag hfrtm fu qum hnmegvgl af Ybf Ergoam af Xu`. Lgs oèf dfb sø g rftg afs prfautfs qum bohrmlmotfu g rbqumzg ag rmebèf. F iurrèf, fu iurrf mspgonf`, af tglgonf am ul hgvg`f, lgbfr m lgbs mstruturgaf af qum f iurrf oframstbof, dfb trgzbaf pgrg f Tg`m m sm abduoabu ës lgremos af rbf [grgìig. F egaf vmoabaf ml Lbogs Emrgbs vbong afs hurrgbs vg`m-pgrgbigofs. [frhfs, tfuhbonf m sg`egafs tgliâl. Mrg ul vgb m vml am prfautfs, nflmos m rbqumzgs. Og abrmåèf am Xèf [gu`f am [brgtboboeg, fs lfotms fstmotgvgl dfrlgs lgbs grrmafoagags sfirm gs qugbs sm mspg`ngvgl fs hgdmzgbs. Ml vçrbfs pfotfs, rgohnfs pgrg trfpmbrfs girbegvgl nflmos geghngafs ë vf`tg ag trmlpm, sfirm g qug` hfzbongvgl f dmbcèf. Mspgrsgs, ulg fu futrg vmoag fdmrmhbg dulf am rf`f, gåóhgr, dgrbong, geugramotm m hgrom-smhg gfs vbgcgotms am pgssgeml. Ogs lfrgabgs oèff dg`tgvgl m `mbtýms vmoabafs g ifl prøxblgs prmåf. Ofë mstrgag, hglbonf, vbgcgotm eg`bongs, hruzgvg fvfs hfl `gvrgafrms trgospfrtgoaf sugs dmrrglmotgs am trgig`nf, lu`nmrms hgrrmegoaf vìvmrms fu hrbgoågs, mshrgvfs. Mssms luobafs am ul ‐pgssgpfrtm“, agaf pm`f smonfr, qum fs gutfrbzgvg g goagr pm`gs mstrgags.

 

Wugsm mshfoabaf pm`gs hf`bogs, mlmrebg ul pfvfgaf. G hgpm`g af Xmonfr Ifl Cmsus sbog`bzgvg f oóh`mf am rugs mstrmbtgs. Of motrfohglmotf qum `mvgvg ag smrrg g Lgliuhgig, of `btfrg`, ulg mstrgag amspmohgvg 9 lb` lmtrfs, pfr motrm hgshgtgs m pmargs. Ampfbs, ngvbg Xèf Lbeum` ags Grmbgs, gssbl hnglgaf, mlifrg oèf nfuvmssm grmbgs ml vg`m tèf dârtb`. F oflm frbebog` af vb`grmcf mrg Xgot‒Gog ag [grgìig Ofvg, m g blgeml ag sgotg, hfl modmbtms am furf, dbhgvg mxpfstg og bermcg `fhg`. G rmebèf mrg pfusf am trfpmbrfs qum sm grrgohngvgl pgrg hflmr, afrlbr m amshgosgr fs goblgbs. Hfotg g trgabåèf qum, ml hmrtg vbgeml, ampfbs af cgotgr, ul erupf am nflmos girbu hgbxmtgs am efbgigag og mspmrgoåg am sm rmeg`gr m… surprmsg! Xø ngvbg grmbg. Ampfbs abssf, f pfvf sø sm rmdmrbg gf `uegr hflf ags ‐grmbgs“. M pgssfu am Xgot‒Gog pgrg Xèf Lbeum`, ml nflmogeml gf brlèf am a. [marf B, f prìohbpm Lbeum`. Agì ml abgotm, vbg-sm ulg ofvg pgbsgeml. Ambxgvgl-sm pgrg trçs gs mshgrpgs m trftgvg-sm gf `foef ag igbxgag af rbf, qum hfrrbg trgoqub`f. Ygohnfs m mrgl hfonmhbafs afs vbgcgotms3 f afs Omerfs, f af Hgrbfhg, fsmamsuhmabgl Cfsâ fu Gotñobf Yubz, f am Cfsâ Yglfs, f Ergoam, f af [marf @fuhf mth. Gì m`ms sm rmuobgl pgrg gigstmhmr gs trfpgs m tgliâl pgrg amshgosgr. G vbf`g emlbg ë ofbtm. G hghngåg msqumotgvg fs éoblfs, m gs lfrgafrgs pfirms vbongl fdmrmhmr smus hfrpfs. Ml abrmåèf gf pfrtf am Hghnfmbrg, hrmshbg ul `uegrmcf hfl bermcbong, igogombrgs, ul moemonf m smu hgogvbg`. G`b dgzbgl pgrgags gs trfpgs vboags am Igmpmoab qum `mvgvgl dulf pgrg f Ybf am Cgombrf m am `ç trgzbgl sg`. [grg hnmegr g @frmog, g abstéohbg oèf mrg hurtg. Mrg prmhbsf gtrgvmssgr g rmebèf am lfrrfs motrm g Ifhgbog m g Lgotbqumbrg, qum dgzbg `blbtm hfl Lbogs Emrgbs.am[m`g mstrgag, g`eulgsaflbogrgl pg`nfågs m,g ërmebèf, vf`tg gefrg am`gs, lbsturgafs fs hgifh`fs,g amshmoamotms ìoabfs qum futrfrg irgohfs m omerfs. Fhupgvgl-sm ogs rfågs am suisbstãohbg, tmhbgl hmstfs m dgzbgl pftms am igrrfs.

 

Igoambrg af Blpârbf af Irgsb`3 amhfrgag hfl rglfs am hgdâ. Igoambrg blpmrbg` af Irgsb`. L]XM] BL[MYBG@/BIYGL/L BL[MYBG@/BIYGL/LBOH. BOH.

@frmog ‘ ag dglfsg ‐Hg`ågag“, hfostruìag pfr Imrograf Lgrbg Cfsâ am @frmog, ml 7529 ‘ mrg f prbohbpg` ghmssf motrm f p`gog`tf [brgtboboeg m f pfrtf am Xgotfs. Xmtm qub`ñlmtrfs ml zbeum-zgeum am pmargs egrgotbgl g pgrtbhbpgåèf ag prfvìohbg pgu`bstg of hflârhbf botmrof m mxtmrof af Blpârbf. F oflm gotbef ag hbagam mrg boaìemog3 Hugbpghgrâ. Morgbzgag ml lmbf g tmrrmofs lubtf dârtmbs foam sm p`gotgvg dulf, g hbagam gssbstbg gf hruzglmotf af trçdmef bohmssgotm motrm Xèf [gu`f m Lbogs, ergågs g afbs pfrtfs sfirm f rbf3 f am Hghnfmbrg m f af Lmbrg. G gtbvbagam bobotmrruptg ag rmebèf dmz hfl qum, ml pfuhgs amzmogs am gofs, @frmog egongssm `fcgs abvmrsgs, hflârhbf dmrvb`ngotm, rugs g`bongags m sfimrifs prâabfs. Xugs lu`nmrms mrgl rmputgags pm`g im`mzg m mauhgåèf. Am @frmog smeubg-sm pgrg g vb`g am Xgotf Gotñobf am Eugrgtboeumtç. Of hglbonf, lubtfs moemonfs am gåóhgr gpgrmotgoaf prfspmrbagam. F rbf [grgìig bg sm hfotfrhmoaf mstrgag gdfrg motrm fs hfotrgdfrtms ag smrrg af Wumirg-Hgoeg`ng m fs prblmbrfs gh`bvms ag Lgotbqumbrg. Gs ifbgags, trfpgs am imstgs m pfrhgags qum ofrlg`lmotm bovmrogvgl ml Qguigtâ fu Eugrgtboeumtç sø pgssgvgl motrm amzmlirf m lgbf. Am cuonf g ofvmlirf,

 

pfuhgs amshbgl, pfbs mrg âpfhg am smhg, sml pgstgemos, oml f`nfs--a‒çeug abspfoìvmbs pgrg fs goblgbs sm rmstgurgrml. Mrg, tgliâl, âpfhg af tmlbaf tbliø, mrvg vmomofsg qum fs lgtgvg. Bg f Tg`m af [grgìig sm msprmeubågoaf gtâ Xèf [gu`f. Xuhmabgl-sm Qguigtâ, Cghgrmì, Xèf Cfsâ. Ml sug vbgeml am 7>99, 7>99 , omssg vb`g, f prìohbpm a. [marf tmvm am hruzgr f rbf. Gf vmr g prfduoabagam ags çeugs, prmdmrbu gtrgvmssgr f [grgìig g hgvg`f. Ag`b pgssfu g Lfeb m ampfbs, g Xèf [gu`f, foam prfh`glfu g Boampmoaãohbg. Tf`tfu pm`f vg`m, cç blpmrgafr. G igoambrg af Irgsb` Blpârbf rmvm`g qum gs m`btms pf`ìtbhgs gpfstgvgl of hgdâ. Mbs f qum hfostg of amhrmtf am 7> am smtmlirf am 7>99, gssbogaf pfr a. [marf B3 Nmb pfr iml, m, hfl pgrmhmr af lmu Hfosm`nf am Mstgaf, amtmrlbogr f smeubotm Z…\. Xmrç a‒frg ml abgotm f Mshuaf a‒Grlgs amstm Ymbof pfr af Irgsb`, ml hglpf vmram am ulgHrbstf, Msdmrgsmoaf Grlb`gr am furf,g gtrgvmssgag ulg Hruz ag Framl hbrhu`gag lmslg Msdmrg am amzmofvm Mstrm`gs am prgtg ml ulg fr`g gzu`: m dbrlgag g Hfrfg Ymg` abglgotbog sfirm f Mshuaf, hucfs `gafs smrèf girgågafs pfr afbs rglfs ags p`gotgs am Hgdâ m Qgighf, hflf mli`mlgs ag sug rbqumzg hflmrhbg`, rmprmsmotgafs og sug prøprbg hfr m `begafs og pgrtm bodmrbfr pm`f `gåf ag Ogåèf. G rbqumzg vmbf rgpbaglmotm. Og smeuoag lmtgam af sâhu`f ^B^, gs hbagams af Tg`m af [grgìig hflmågrgl g d`frmshmr m g msigocgr m`meéohbg oulg ergoamzg sml pgr ‘ hfotg-ofs Hgr`fs @mlfs, nbstfrbgafr ag grqubtmturg. Dfb g âpfhg afs igrýms am hgdâ, ml qum f abonmbrf hnmegaf gotms ag bostruåèf hflprfvgvg abeobagam m pfamr, tfrogoaf g h`gssm aflbogotm ul erupf nmtmrfeãomf am pmssfgs. Ofs lgåfs am rmhmosmglmotf ag Lføhg, g igrfomsg am Lfotm Xgotf dbeurgvg hflf gog`dgimtg: f igrèf am Dbeumbrmaf, sugoaf pgrg p`gotgr smus hgdmzgbs, girbg gs tmrrgs af smrtèf afs rbfs [graf m Ergoam: ml [boaglfongoegig, fs Lfurg Yflmbrf, fs @mssg m fs Xg`egaf, tfafs igrýms, hflbgl hfl tg`nmrms am vmrlmb` vmrlmb`   m imibgl hnglpgonm ml hrbstgbs Ighhgrgt .

 

 Of Irgsb`, fs prblmbrfs prblmbrfs hgdmzgbs agtgl af sâhu`f ^TBBB. DYMBYM, Cfsâ Cfgqubl. ZHfddmg ZHfddmg grgibhg, @boo\. @boo\. Z75--\. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@. gs qug` smrbg g frbeml ag ofvg `gvfurg6 @mlirg f nbstfrbgafr Ymogtf Tmogohbf qum g nbstørbg af hgdâ, tg` qug` g af gåóhgr, tmvm rgìzms of mxpgosbfobslf ags sfhbmagams murfpmbgs. G abdmrmoåg motrm fs afbs prfautfs â, pfr gssbl abzmr, hrfof`øebhg. F hgdâ â tgrabf. G rmdmrãohbg lgbs gotbeg g m`m â am dbos af sâhu`f ^T ‘ pfrtgotf, auzmotfs gofs gpøs fs prblmbrfs hfotgtfs murfpmus hfl g hgog-am-gåóhgr. Am prfvçvm` frbeml mtìfpm, g ruibçhmg dfb, am boìhbf, mxp`frgag hflmrhbg`lmotm pm`fs çrgims, qum g hfosulbrgl m abduoabrgl `greglmotm. Ml dbos af sâhu`f ^TB, nç boaìhbfs

L

am qum btg`bgofs m drgohmsms pgssgrgl g hflmrhbgr hgdâ. Ofs prblmbrfs tmlpfs, f prfautf mrg vmoabaf ml dmbrgs, pfr gliu`gotms, ‐vmstbafs ë turhg Z…\ hfl f tgiu`mbrf pmoaurgaf gf pmshfåf hfl g hgdmtmbrg“. [fr vf`tg am 747=, og hbagam am Tmomzg, rmebstrgvg-sm rmeu`grlmotm smu hfosulf: ml [grbs m @foarms, mssm hfosulf â fismrvgaf ml 7512-75=;: og Xuâhbg, fs prblmbrfs tmstmluonfs am sug hflmrhbg`bzgåèf agtgl am 7451. Qrgtg-sm, hflf sm vã, am ulg mxpgosèf rm`gtbvglmotm rçpbag pgrg fs pgarýms af Gotbef Ymeblm. Mssg rgpbamz, hfotuaf, oèf sm trgauzbu blmabgtglmotm og lu`tbp`bhgåèf vm`fz af oólmrf am hfosulbafrms. Am hmrtg lgombrg, g pfpu`grbzgåèf af hgdâ tmvm am mspmrgr f sâhu`f ^TBBB. Gtâ motèf f prfautf mrg grtbef rmstrbtf lmbf urigof, ogs hfosbamrgaf qugbs am >;%ul g 2;% ag mxøtbhf, pfpu`gåèf rmsbabggfml çrmgs rurgbs.ml sfhbmagams F qum tmrbg `mvgaf ë lu`tbp`bhgåèf afs imimafrms am hgdmzbonfs6 Mbs ul tmlg igstgotm hflp`mxf. G prblmbrg pbstg pgrg motmoaã-`f rm`ghbfog-sm hfl g prøprbg ogturmzg ag p`gotg ml qumstèf. G mspâhbm mxbem gpmogs qum f hu`tbvf fhfrrg ml çrmgs rm`gtbvglmotm m`mvgags, ólbags m hfl tmlpmrgturgs motrm 9; m 9= ergus, oèf amvmoaf smr p`gotgag ml sf`fs mohngrhgafs fu lubtf smhfs. Frg, f Hfddmg grgibhg  grgibhg  â ul griustf gagptçvm` g vçrbfs `uegrms af luoaf. Aurgotm qugsm tfaf f sâhu`f ^TBB, fs murfpmus ampmoamrgl af dfromhblmotf af hgdâ prfvmobmotm lmabtmrréobhf. Ml amtmrlbogaf lflmotf, pmrhmimu-sm af qum hflârhbf vçrbfs tmrrbtørbfs hf`fobgbs,

 

gsbçtbhfs fu glmrbhgofs, prmstgvgl-sm gf hu`tbvf. Fs nf`goamsms dfrgl fs pbfombrfs3 ml 7424, botrfauzbrgl f hu`tbvf am hgdâ ml Cgvg, qum agì sm mxpgoabu pgrg Xulgtrg, Qblfr m futrgs b`ngs frbmotgbs. [fr vf`tg am 757;, Glstmraè rmhmimu smus prblmbrfs hgrrmeglmotfs am hgdâ gsbçtbhf. Fs drgohmsms smeubrgl mssms pgssfs. Oèf amlfrfu lubtf pgrg qum gs hf`ñobgs glmrbhgogs tgliâl girbegssml g ofvg `gvfurg. Motrm 757= m 7597, mstgim`mhmrgl-sm fs prblmbrfs hgdmzgbs ml Xurboglm m Eubgog Drgohmsg, agì sm msprgbgoaf pgrg gs b`ngs am Xèf Aflboefs m Eugag`upm. Ë lmabag qum g prfauåèf gulmotgvg, f prmåf amh`bogvg, pmrlbtboaf g lu`tbp`bhgåèf am hfosulbafrms. Lgs, hflf abz Tmogohbf, g mhfoflbg oèf mxp`bhg tuaf. [grg motmoamrlfs f mofrlm suhmssf qum f hgdâ hfonmhmu of luoaf murfpmu, â omhmssçrbf tgliâl pmrhmiã-`f hflf ul dmoñlmof hu`turg`, hflf ulg ofvg ‐lfag“ am hfosulf, abvu`egag boh`usbvm pfr lmbf am `bvrfs qum mxg`tgvgl sugs prfprbmagams m qug`bagams. G imibag mrg hfosbamrgag ul ifl g`blmotf. Ymdfrågrbg g hfohmotrgåèf lmotg`, glp`bgoaf g smosbib`bagam. trgtgafs lâabhfs,dfrtbdbhg gdbrlgvg-sm qumg`bvbg f hgdâ3 ‐Z…\ smhg tfaf f nulfr drbf,Ml mxpu`sg fs vmotfs, f dìegaf, fs nbarøpbhfs pfr sug qug`bagam purbdbhgotm, beug`lmotm sfimrgog hfotrg g sgrog m g hfrrupåèf af sgoeum, rmdrmshg f hfrgåèf m f igtmr vbtg` am`m: g`bvbg gqum`ms qum tãl afrms am mstñlgef m qum tãl dg`tg am gpmtbtm: â beug`lmotm ifl pgrg gs boabspfsbåýms drbgs, ólbags fu pmsgags af hârmirf.“ Qrgtgvg-sm, pfrtgotf, am ulg ‐imibag lgrgvb`nfsg“: pfrâl, hflf tfaf rmlâabf, amvmrbg smr utb`bzgag hfl lfamrgåèf m mqub`ìirbf. Xui`bongvg-sm qum f hfosulf mxhmssbvf am hgdâ hgusgvg ergvms agofs ë sgóam. Futrf mstìlu`f gf hfosulf am hgdâ tbong g vmr hfl f smu blpghtf sfhbg`. bssf, hfl â omhmssçrbf `mlirgr qum, ogQrgabhbfog`lmotm, Murfpg, tgotf f hgdâ qugotf [grg f hnçmotmoamr hflpmtbgl gs imibags g`hfø`bhgs. gs prbohbpgbs am`gs ‘ f vbonf m g hmrvmcg ‘ mrgl vbstgs hfl glibeubagam: hfoamogvg-sm smu usf mxhmssbvf, lgs, gf lmslf tmlpf, `fuvgvg-sm sug blpfrtéohbg hflf g`blmotf ‘ mxp`bhg Tmogohbf. Tmogohbf. Of boìhbf af sâhu`f ^B^, f hgdâ tmoabg g sm tfrogr lgbs igrgtf, mrg mxg`tgaf pfr lâabhfs m gutfrbagams, gssbl hflf sm botmergvg prfermssbvglmotm gf hftbabgof murfpmu. Quaf mstgvg prfotf pgrg g mxp`fsèf am smu hfosulf, qum smrbg amtfogag pm`g Ymvf`uåèf Boaustrbg`, lu`tbp`bhgafrg am hbagams m mxbemotm qugotf ë hfohmotrgåèf m sfirbmagam afs trgig`ngafrms. [fbs dfb omssm hfotmxtf mxtrmlglmotm dgvfrçvm` qum hflmåfu g amspfotgr g prfauåèf hflmrhbg` ag ruibçhmg irgsb`mbrg.

 

F sureblmotf am ofssfs prblmbrfs hgdmzgbs â ulg qumstèf hfotrfvmrsg. Of  Abshursf sfirm fs eãomrfs pgrg f hflârhbf qum nç of Lgrgonèf m  [grç,, Augrtm Ybimbrf am Lghmaf, ml 7458, lmohbfog g mxbstãohbg am  [grç hgdmzgbs ml rmebýms glgzñobhgs. Iml lgbs ghmbtg, pfrâl, â g agtgåèf am 7595, qum sm vbohu`g ës bohursýms lb`btgrms af pgrgmosm Drgohbshf am Lm`f [g`nmtg, og drfotmbrg ag Eubgog Drgohmsg. Am vf`tg g Im`âl af [grç, f sgremotf-lfr trfuxm h`goamstboglmotm g`eulgs smlmotms ag mspâhbm. G pgrtbr am`gs surebrgl gs prblmbrgs luags irgsb`mbrgs. Af [grç, g p`gotg sm msprgbfu pgrg f Lgrgonèf.

 

 Ofs pfrtfs, mshrgvfs mligrhgvgl hgdâ ofs ogvbfs. IYBEEX, Drmamrbhf Eub`nmrlm. Hfddmm hgrrbmrs. hgrrbmrs. 7>1=. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 QNM IYGSB@BGO XF]TMOBY3 G XM@MHQBFO FD QNM LFXQ [MH]@BGY HFXQ]LMX FD QNM IYGSB@. ZEYGT]YG 98\.

Hflf sm vã, f hgdâ surebu motrm oøs hflf ulg iml-suhmabag mlprmsg am ibfpbrgtgrbg. Bobhbg`lmotm sug prfauåèf dfb lfamstg, rmstrboebg-sm gf hfosulf aflâstbhf. Of Hmgrç, ml lmgafs af sâhu`f ^TBBB, ofvf bod`uxf dfb rmebstrgaf. Durog ]hnfg blpfrtfu ofvgs smlmotms af Cgrabo ams  [`gotms,, am [grbs, m amsmovf`vmu ulg prfauåèf ‐gssgz hfosbamrçvm`“ og  [`gotms Xmrrg ag Lmrufhg. Agì fs hgdmzgbs dfrgl trgosp`gotgafs pgrg g Ignbg.

 

Ml dbos af sâhu`f ^TBBB, hmrhg am 7,= tfom`gag goug` am hgdâ mrg mxpfrtgag pm`f Irgsb`. Fu smcg, qugsm ogag! F prfautf rmprmsmotgvg gpmogs 7,>% ags mxpfrtgåýms hf`fobgbs, oólmrf qum dbhg gboag lgbs gpmqumogaf sm `mlirgrlfs qum, of lmslf pmrìfaf, sm movbfu pgrg f mxtmrbfr g`ef ml tfrof am 7> lb` tfom`gags gougbs am gåóhgr irgohf. Gpmsgr ag lgermzg amssg mhfoflbg hgdmmbrg, m`g dfb blpfrtgotm, pfbs amu frbeml g ulg glp`g rmam am hflprgafrms botmroghbfogbs. Motrm 7524 m 7>;;, Boe`gtmrrg, Drgoåg, Btç`bg, Nf`goag, Mspgong, Aboglgrhg, Xuâhbg, Yóssbg m Mstgafs ]obafs absputgvgl f prfautf ‘ ës vmzms vbg rmmxpfrtgåèf am [frtueg` ‘, hfosmeuboaf qugotbagams brrbsørbgs. Fs ofrtm-glmrbhgofs, pfr mxmlp`f, of rmdmrbaf pmrìfaf, hfosmeubrgl hflprgr 8; qub`fs am hgdâ irgsb`mbrf! Gfs pfuhfs, pfrâl, gs prblmbrgs luags, prfvmobmotms am hgdmzgbs af Lgrgonèf, hflmågrgl g drutbdbhgr og hgpbtg` hgrbfhg. Fs drgams hgpuhnbonfs gs hu`tbvgvgl. Qrgtgvg-sm am ulg prfauåèf ml pmqumoìssblg mshg`g. Iml lgbs blpfrtgotm dfb g `gvfurg amsmovf`vbag pm`f nf`goaãs Cfèf Nfplgo, og qubotg am Tbotm Lgtg gofs [frhfs, gtug` rug Drmb Hgomhg. G mxpmrbãohbg surtbu rmsu`tgaf. gpøsogg mstgag am Cglms Hffj, f hgpbtèf boe`ãs Ugtjbo Qmohn goftfu ml smu abçrbf am vbgeml3 ‐F hgdâ, qum futrfrg tgliâl vbong am [frtueg`, gefrg hrmshm ml tg` giuoaéohbg qum pmrlbtm ulg hfosbamrçvm` mxpfrtgåèf“. Ofs prblmbrfs tmlpfs am mxpfrtgåèf hgdmmbrg, f Lgrgonèf fhupfu f prblmbrf `uegr, moqugotf Xèf [gu`f sm rmspfosgib`bzgvg pfr gpmogs ;,7% ag hflmrhbg`bzgåèf botmroghbfog`. Lbogs Emrgbs, pfr sug vmz, prfauzbg pgrg f lmrhgaf botmrof. Ml 7>;;, rmebstrfu-sm g sgìag am 7=; qub`fs am hgdâ ag hgpbtgobg. Mlifrg vgrbgoaf am blpfrtéohbg og mhfoflbg `fhg`, fs hgdmzgbs mstgvgl tmstgafsXgotf ml qugsm tfaf fMssm tmrrbtørbf hf`fobg`3dfb af ergoamlmotm [grç g Xgotg Hgtgrbog,smoaf af Mspìrbtf g Efbçs. lfvblmotf guxb`bgaf pm`g gåèf qugsm blpmrhmptìvm` afs pmqumofs `gvrgafrms. Motrm m`ms mrgl hfluos fs hnglgafs sìtbfs vf`gotms, qum rmprfauzbgl tâhobhgs gerìhf`gs boaìemogs, igsmgags og fhupgåèf trgosbtørbg am lgohngs am tmrrgs of botmrbfr ag lgtg. Omssm lmbf, hrmshmrgl fs prblmbrfs hgdmzgbs pgu`bstgs. Fs pmqumofs prfautfrms trgig`ngvgl hfl g dglì`bg fu hfl g`euos mshrgvfs, p`gotgoaf hfocuotglmotm hgdâ, lb`nf, grrfz m dmbcèf. [fr vmzms, g tmrrg mrg gigoafogag gpøs g prblmbrg hf`nmbtg, m g ofvg çrmg fhupgag oèf vf`tgvg g amsmovf`vmr g ruibçhmg. Qg` bohfostéohbg rmvm`gvg ulg `gvfurg hgprbhnfsg, mxbemotm am trgig`nf m pghbãohbg. Iml fu lg` ‘ m ë hustg am lubtf mosgbf m mrrf ‘, hrbfu-sm ulg hu`turg hgdmmbrg, og qug` gs

 

tâhobhgs utb`bzgags og smhgeml af grrfz, lfgeml af lb`nf m trbturgåèf ag hgog mrgl rmutb`bzgags hfl ofvf smotbaf. F hgdâ pgssfu g hfoqubstgr oèf sflmotm f pg`gagr, hflf tgliâl g pfvfgr f uobvmrsf ags hrmoabhms ag pfpu`gåèf rurg`. Amsam lubtf hmaf sm rmebstrgrgl lgoaboegs, dmbtbåfs fu db`trfs am glfr ofs qugbs g smlmotm mrg utb`bzgag. Lbsturgr eftgs am sufr am hgvg`f hfl hgdâ mrg rmhmbtg hmrtg pgrg hfoqubstgr f hfrgåèf ag pmssfg glgag. F hgdâ hfgaf hfl rfupg am lu`nmr tgliâl prfauzbrbg mssm mdmbtf. G dgrlghfpmbg pfpu`gr rmbotmrprmtgvg fs mosboglmotfs lâabhfs afs sâhu`fs gotmrbfrms m bovmotgvg futrfs. F hgdâ smrvbaf glgref tfrogvg-sm gotìaftf pfamrfsf hfotrg g mlirbgeumz. F qum sm dgzbg hfl hg`af am hgog mrg hfosbamrgaf g`blmotf pgrg hrbgoågs amsoutrbags. F smrvbaf hfl gåóhgr, aburâtbhf m dmirìduef. Motrm gs lu`nmrms, g imibag mstblu`gvg pgrtfs: motrm gs cfvmos, gprmssgvg g prblmbrg lmostrugåèf. Oml lmslf sug ifrrg mrg cfegag dfrg, pfbs supfstglmotm hfotbong prfprbmagams qum hurgvgl goblgbs.

 

Of sâhu`f ^B^, gs dgzmoags am hgdâ sm lu`tbp`bhgrgl. Ml amtmrlbogaf lflmotf, f hgdâ pu`fu ag rfåg pgrg g dgzmoag. Â abdìhb` sgimr mxgtglmotm qugoaf fhfrrmu, pfrqum vgrbfu rmebfog`lmotm. Of motrm motgotf, pfssìvm` bssf mstgim`mhmr ulggtâhrfof`febg gprfxblgag. Abeglfs qum, 752;â m 7>8;, f hgdâ, qum rmprmsmotgvg 7% fu 9% ags mxpfrtgåýms, pgssfu g smr rmspfosçvm` pfr 1;% fu 1=% am`gs, afirgoaf, ml rm`gåèf gf gåóhgr, sug hgpghbagam am emrgr rmoag. Qrgtgvg-sm am ulg rmvf`uåèf mhfoñlbhg, qum gprfduoafu fs mdmbtfs am luagoågs pf`ìtbhgs ml hursf. Gs m`btms qum hflgoagrgl f prfhmssf am mlgohbpgåèf am [frtueg` frbebogvgl-sm, ml sug lgbfr pgrtm, af Hmotrf-Xu`. M`gs vbrgl of ofvf prfautf ulg tçiug am sg`vgåèf, prbohbpg`lmotm tmoaf ml vbstg f amh`ìobf fu g mstgeogåèf ags vmoags botmroghbfogbs am gåóhgr, g`efaèf m tgighf. Gssbstbu-sm motèf ë hfovmrsèf am oulmrfsfs dgzmoambrfs, hflmrhbgotms fu lmslf iurfhrgtgs m pmqumofs prfprbmtçrbfs iml-suhmabafs ë ergoam

 

prfauåèf hgdmmbrg, luagoåg qum dfb rmdfrågag pm`g prøprbg mvf`uåèf ag `gvfurg. Gpmsgr ags vçrbgs mxpmrbãohbgs hgdmmbrgs oframstbogs m ag trgabåèf af Lgrgonèf, g prfauåèf amssgs çrmgs, of sâhu`f ^B^, tmoamu g amh`bogr fu g dbhgr rmstrbtg g rfågs m qubotgbs, qum mrgl pgrg fs pmqumofs `gvrgafrms dfotms am rmoag sup`mlmotgrms. G ergoam dgzmoag am hgdâ fitmvm suhmssf ogs prfvìohbgs af Ybf am Cgombrf, Xèf [gu`f m, ml lmofr mshg`g, ml Lbogs Emrgbs m of Mspìrbtf Xgotf. Igsmgag oul prfcmtf hfosmrvgafr, g `gvfurg af hgdâ lu`tbp`bhfu gs amsbeug`agams rmebfogbs, ml dgvfr ags çrmgs qum mdmtbvglmotm hflgoagrgl f prfhmssf am boampmoaãohbg m am dfrlgåèf af Mstgaf oghbfog` irgsb`mbrf. G lu`tbp`bhgåèf ags dgzmoags hgdmmbrgs fhfrrmu, prblmbrglmotm, of Tg`m af [grgìig d`ulbomosm, gvgoågoaf, ampfbs, ml abrmåèf gf tmrrbtørbf pgu`bstg. Futrg drmotm hglbonfu ml abrmåèf ës tmrrgs lbombrgs m hgpbxgigs. Omssm ó`tblf hgsf, trgtfu-sm, hfotuaf, am ul prfhmssf `motf, hfosf`bagaf sflmotm pfr G vf`tg am 7>=;. `gvfurg amvfrgvg d`frmstgs botmbrgs. G hfbvgrg mrg f prbohbpg` bostrulmotf ags drmotms pbfombrgs. Gpøs g amstrubåèf ag lgtg, f hgdâ mrg p`gotgaf og h`grmbrg momermhbag pm`f dfef. Amotrf ags hfvgs, mrgl hf`fhgags gs luags grrgohgags af sf`f, qum ngvbgl irftgaf pmrtf afs hgdmmbrfs qum `nms amrgl frbeml, pfbs gs luags glgaurmhbgl am lgombrg lgbs rçpbag af qum fs erèfs am hgdâ p`gotgafs abrmtglmotm. [ÇEBOGX =4 M =5

XG@GQNÂ, Drbmarbhn.  [`gotgåèf am hgdâ . 7>8=.

IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 XQMBOLGOO, CFNGOO. XF]TMOBYX AM  YBF AM CGOMBYF. ZEYGT]YG 7\.

]lg vmz hfosf`bagags gs `gvfurgs, mrgl dmbtgs augs hgpbogs gougbs. Gf hgif am trãs gofs, fs hgdmzgbs hflmågvgl g drutbdbhgr. G prfautbvbagam p`mog amlfrgvg, pfrâl, lgbs afbs fu trãs gofs. Aurgotm mssm tmlpf, p`gotgvg-sm lb`nf, dmbcèf m lgoabfhg motrm gs db`mbrgs afs hgdmzgbs. G`âl am prfauzbr g`blmotfs pgrg fs mshrgvfs, mssg prçtbhg prftmebg ‐gs p`gotgs ofvgs af sf` qumotm“. G hf`nmbtg mrg dmbtg ë lèf3 fs erèfs mrgl hf`fhgafs ml pmombrgs m smpgrgafs afs eg`nfs m df`ngs. Ampfbs abssf, mrgl `mvgafs g ul rgohnf m, ml smeubag, gf tmrrmbrf am smhgeml. Fs erèfs pfabgl smr

 

imomdbhbgafs og prøprbg dgzmoag ‘ ofs moemonfs am pb`ýms ‘ fu movbgafs pgrg g hbagam, pfr lmbf am trfpmbrfs. Mshrgvfs trgig`ngvgl cuotf hfl nflmos `bvrms omssgs gtbvbagams. G`bçs, mstms ó`tblfs emrg`lmotm fhupgvgl pgrtm afs tmrrbtørbfs ofs qugbs surebgl gs dgzmoags hgdmmbrgs. Og hfoabåèf am pfssmbrfs, fs trgabhbfogbs hgbpbrgs m rfhmbrfs oèf tbongl, pfrâl, hflf prftmemr sugs tmrrgs af gvgoåf ag `gvfurg am mxpfrtgåèf. Lubtfs sm ams`fhgvgl pgrg çrmgs gboag oèf fhupgags. Futrfs rmsbstbgl g mssm gvgoåf, pmegoaf ml grlgs, fu boermssgvgl ofs erupfs am dfrgs ag `mb ag rmebèf. Ngvbg gboag gqum`ms qum sm tfrogvgl germegafs ag ergoam prfprbmagam. Tbrgvgl hgpgoegs, hgpgtgzms, dmbtfrms am mshrgvfs, tgoemafrms am hgrrf am ifb, trfpmbrfs fu lmslf sblp`ms mlprmegafs utb`bzgafs og amrruigag ags lgtgs, qugoaf motèf oèf sm puong ml rbshf g vg`bfsg lèf am firg mshrgvg. Gs dgzmoags tgliâl amrgl frbeml g ofvfs hfosulbafrms ag ruibçhmg. Amsam g aâhgag am 7>8;, nç tmstmluonfs am qum f pg`gagr afs mshrgvfs gdrbhgofs mrg rmhmptbvf prfautf. Mshrgvfs m trgig`ngafrms `bvrmsg tflgvgl hgdâ, ag lgonègfgtâofvf ë ofbtm3 pfr vf`tg ags hbohf nfrgs ag lgonè, imibag mrg gafågag hfl gåóhgr lgshgvf m smrvbag hfl pmagåfs am goeu drbtf: ës amz nfrgs, ghflpgongvg f dmbcèf, g hgrom-smhg m g lgoabfhg: ës 75 nfrgs, cgotgvg-sm ul prgtf am pbrèf am lgoabfhg, hfl oghfs am rgpgaurg, m boemrbgl-sm fs amrrgambrfs ef`ms am hgdâ. Ogs hbagams, g abdusèf ag imibag pgrmhm tmr sbaf iml lgbs `motg. Qg`vmz pfr bssf, tmong gdbrlgaf Eb`imrtf Drmyrm, gf mshrmvmr sfirm f Ymhbdm3 ‐F hgdâ sø vmbf g pfpu`grbzgr-sm ofs lmgafs af sâhu`f ^B^“. Xml aóvbag, hfotrbiubu f dgtf am qum sø motèf f prfautf ambxgrg am smr vmoabaf vmram, pgssgoaf g smr hflmrhbg`bzgaf tfrrgaf m ml pghftms. G rbqumzg emrgag pm`fs lmrhgafs mxtmrofs m botmrofs af hgdâ g`blmotfu ulg `mebèf am dgzmoambrfs prøspmrfs, qum sm trgosdfrlfu og igsm ag sfhbmagam blpmrbg`. Xø m`ms6 Oèf, dgzmoambrgs tgliâl. G db`ng af Igrèf am Xfuzg Wumbrfz, afog Goeâ`bhg, dfb ulg qum modrmotfu g vbag oulg dgzmoag am hnèf am tmrrg igtbag, foam hfrtgvg g rfupg afs mshrgvfs m prfvgvg am sug hflbag of dfeèf am `mong. Lubtgs gssulbgl tgrmdgs am galbobstrgåèf m, qugoaf fs lgrbafs vbgcgvgl, mrg am`gs f hflgoaf afs mlprmegafs m afs omeøhbfs. G dfrlgåèf amssm erupf oèf fhfrrmu, pfrâl, rmpmotboglmotm, pfbs lmslf aâhgags oul lmbf m`btm,^B^. gs lgrhgs ag hu`turgulg róstbhg gamotrgrgl vçrbgs af am sâhu`f Dfb omhmssçrbg emrgåèf botmbrg pfr am

 

gerbhu`tfrms amsirgvgafrms am lgtgs pgrg qum smus db`nfs sm tfrogssml igrýms af Blpârbf. ]lg `utg qum ambxfu rmebstrfs gtâ lmslf ml lm`gohø`bhfs mpbtçdbfs duomrçrbfs, hflf f am ul lmeghgdmbhu`tfr pgu`bstg, qum abzbg3 ‐Gqub cgz Cfèf ag Hfstg Eflms @mbtèf, qum lubtf trgig`nfu, lubtf egonfu m ogag efzfu…“

G mxp`fsèf vmram Of prblmbrf pmrìfaf ag mxpgosèf hgdmmbrg, f lfvblmotf am bovmstblmotf ml tmrrg m hgtbvfs pgrg trgig`ngr og `gvfurg am hgdâ dfb botmosf. F vbgcgotm m ogturg`bstg Xgbot-Nb`gbrm, gf pgssgr pm`f Tg`m, ml 7>99, rmprfauzbu ul abç`fef hfl ul rmsbamotm og çrmg, sfirm f mlprmef afs `uhrfs hfl f furf vmram. [mreuotgaf pgrg foam bg f abonmbrf, f botmr`fhutfr rmspfoamu3 ‐F sr. pfam vmr qum oèf â hfostruboaf ifgs hgsgs m lfib`bgoaf-gs. Hflml grrfz m dmbcèf. Tmstuçrbf tgliâl `nms hustg pfuhf m ogag egstgl hfl g mauhgåèf afs db`nfs, qum sm motfrpmhml og beofréohbg, sèf botmbrglmotm g`nmbfs gfs prgzmrms ag hfovbvãohbg Z…\ â, pfbs, hflprgoaf omerfs qum egstgl tfag g rmoag.“ Am dgtf, mssms mrgl tmlpfs hucf `mlg mrg morbqumhmr. M g lgrhg, g rustbhbagam. G hbvb`bagam gboag oèf tbong sm bostg`gaf motrm ifg pgrtm afs dgzmoambrfs. Ifgs lgombrgs, oml pmosgr. F nçibtf am mstgr lg` fu pfuhf vmstbaf mrg emomrg`bzgaf gtâ og nfrg ags rmdmbåýms3 tbrgvgl-sm sgpgtfs, lmbgs m futrgs ‐pmågs qum f hg`fr tfrogssm fprmssbvgs m, og`euos hgsfs, eugragoaf gpmogs f trgcm qum g amhãohbg rmqumr“, rmpfrtfu f hflmrhbgotm boe`ãs Cfno @uhhfhj. Wugoaf gs lu`nmrms mstgvgl prmsmotms, eugragvgl ul pfuhf lgbs am amhfrf.

 

 Mshrgvfs amrruigvgl g lgtg pgrg g  p`gotgåèf af hgdâ.  G qumblgag, qumblgag, Z7>--\. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. G vbag mrg lgrhgag pfr nfrçrbfs rìebafs. Ml sugs lmlørbgs, f vbshfoam am Grgxç, Aflbhbgof @mbtm Ybimbrf, dg`fu afs hfstulms afs dgzmoambrfs ag rmebèf. @mvgotgvgl-sm hfl gs eg`bongs m motrgvgl `fef og `giutgåèf aflâstbhg gtâ f mshurmhmr. ‐G`lfågvgl ës fbtf ag lgonè, cgotgvgl g ulg ag tgram, ë ofbtm rmzgvgl f tmråf m lmtbgl-sm `fef og hglg ampfbs am tflgaf f hflpmtmotm igonf.“ G lgbfr pgrtm, cu`egoaf bosudbhbmotms gs trãs hflbags, dgzbg futrg ës fozm m lmrmoagvg gotms af tmråf. Hflf mrg f igonf6 Qflgvg-sm f igonf am sfpgpf, ml eglm`gs fu tbogs, fu of lm`nfr afs hgsfs, ml ighbgs am df`ngs am d`goarms. Wugoaf g dgzmoag agvg pgrg ulg mstrgag, tgliâl sm dgzbgl omhmssçrbfs pfusf m grlgzâl pgrg fs trfpmbrfs m vbgcgotms am pgssgeml. Og prblmbrg lmtgam af sâhu`f ^B^, mrgl am duoaglmotg` blpfrtéohbg gs trfpgs am lugrms pgrg f trgospfrtm am erèfs gtâ f `btfrg`. Hgag dgzmoambrf tbong smu dfromhmafr. Hmrtf Cfgqubl Hgrafsf, pfr mxmlp`f, mrg f af igrèf am Tgssfurgs, Drgohbshf Cfsâ Qmbxmbrg @mbtm. M`m trgzbg lugrms am Xfrfhgig. F prmåf vgrbgvg motrm 1; m =;$;;;, vg`moaf fs rugofs ul pfuhf lgbs3

 

4;$;;;. G`euos dgzmoambrfs tgliâl hrbgvgl iurrfs ml sugs tmrrgs, fu fs hflprgvgl af boe`ãs Emfrem Lgrsn, bostg`gaf og Xmrrg afs Øreèfs. Gs abdbhu`agams, qum gotms tbvmrgl fs lbomrgafrms, tbongl gefrg fs `gvrgafrms am hgdâ, pfrqum motrm m`ms m fs pfrtfs am mligrqum, gs dgzmoags m g hfrtm, ngvbg g smrrg m smus ìoermlms hglbonfs. Og hfrrmspfoaãohbg g smu brlèf, f igrèf am Tgssfurgs sm qumbxgvg3 ‐Â f amdmbtf amstgs pgrgemos cç tèf `foem Z…\. F qum mstrgeg â g `focurg pfr uos hglbonfs, foam lubtg imstg am sm`g m am hgoeg`ng tml qumirgaf gs pmrogs m f pmshfåf.“

Ml 7>4;, f vbgcgotm pfrtueuãs Gueustf Mlì`bf Sg`ugr fismrvfu gs prblmbrgs luagoågs of Tg`m af [grgìig3 ‐Fs ergoams prfprbmtçrbfs am tmrrmofs, ambxgoaf am drmqumotgr fs pfvfgafs, m rmhfohmotrgoaf-sm ml sugs dgzmoags, qum sèf fs vmragambrfs hgstm`fs dmuagbs am ofssf tmlpf, dgzml hfovmrebr gì tfag g vbag, qum rmd`ub ags pfvfgåýms pgrg mssgs lfrgags fstmotfsgs, foam, lubtgs vmzms, f `uxf m g rbqumzg absputgl prblgzbg hfl fs pg`çhbfs ag hgpbtg`.“

 

Ampfbs am smu pgb, ml 7>99, dfb g vmz am a. [marf BB pmrhfrrmr f Tg`m, m m`m f dmz ml 7>5>. Quaf luagrg omssm lgbs am lmbf sâhu`f. Am Tgssfurgs, mshrmvmu ë blpmrgtrbz, afog Qmrmsg Hrbstbog, motusbgslgaf hfl gs dmstgs ës qugbs hflpgrmhmu. Lu`nmrms iml vmstbags, f sfl ags vg`sgs, g blpfoãohbg ags lbssgs, tuaf mlig`fu g dgrtg abstrbiubåèf am hflmoags, nforgrbgs m irgsýms qum amu frbeml gfs ‐igrýms af hgdâ“. G sugvm pgbsgeml sm mohnbg, motèf, am ofvgs hfostruåýms. Dgzmoags sm bostg`gvgl fu gprblfrgvgl3 g Ifhgbog, g af Ymsegtm, g Ifg Tbstg, g ags Gotbongs, g F`grbg, motrm futrgs. Mstrgags vbhbogbs hfrtgvgl g rmebèf. Gs hbagams qum gotms pfotugvgl fs hglbonfs egongvgl vbsbib`bagam. G omhmssbagam am trgospfrtm dmrrfvbçrbf qum amssm mshfglmotf gf gulmotf hrmshmotm ag prfauåèf am hgdâ sm lgtmrbg`bzfu og hfostruåèf am `bongs dârrmgs. G abdìhb` hfoqubstg ag smrrg sm dfb hfosulgoaf. Fs trb`nfs dfrgl hnmegoaf, suhmssbvglmotm3 ml 7>48, g Igrrg af [brgì: ml 7>57, g Igrrg Lgosg m, ofs ó`tblfs gofs af Blpârbf, g Hghnfmbrg, am foam pgrtbg g Mstrgag ofbtms afOfrtm vg`m. am Xèf [gu`f. F hnbgaf ags `fhflftbvgs pgssfu g hfrtgr gs F g`tf prmåf af hgdâ m gs `begåýms hfl f pfrtf af Ybf am Cgombrf hflmågrgl g prfvfhgr luagoågs of hftbabgof afs dgzmoambrfs. Xm gotms gs dgzmoags mrgl pf`bhu`tfrgs, hfl ul abg g abg vf`tgaf pgrg g prfauåèf, grlgzmoglmotf m abstrbiubåèf am prfautfs gerìhf`gs, gefrg, f hgdâ mxbebg ofvg gemoag am trgig`nf3 mrg firbegtørbg g hfostruåèf ags imodmbtfrbgs omhmssçrbgs, hflf lfbonfs, moemonfs am sfhgr m tu`ngs pgrg grlgzmoglmotf am erèfs imomdbhbgafs. Cuotf ës smams, lu`tbp`bhgvgl-sm hnbqumbrfs, suprboaf fs lubtfs lfrgafrms am tfuhbonf m igong. Ofs tmrrmbrfs, Hrmshbgl gs bostg`gåýms nbarçu`bhgs m mrgl vbsìvmbs fseg`bongs rgohnfshbshgvgl. pgrg gs trfpgs mohgrrmegags am trgospfrtm, g tmoag am dmrrmbrf, g hgsg am grrmbfs, g hfzbong, g modmrlgrbg pgrg hgtbvfs. Moemonfs am lfmr hgog pgrg dgirbhf am geugramotm m f g`glibqum pgrg f lm`gaf tgliâl amspfotgvgl ml g`eulgs dgzmoags. Ml futrgs, ngvbg moemonfs am lgoabfhg m f`grbgs pgrg g prfauåèf am tm`ngs.  Mshrgvfs [ÇEBOGX 49 M 48 Mshrgvfs

trgig`ngvgl og hf`nmbtg m og smhgeml ogturg` af hgdâ.

DMYYMS, Lgrh. Mshrgvfs Lgrh. Mshrgvfs tmrrmbrf tmrrmbrf am ulg dgzmoag am hgdâ ogml rmebèf af

 

Tg`m af [grgìig, [grgìig, h. 7>>9. BOXQBQ]QF LFYMBYG XG@@MX, HF@MÅÈF EB@IMYQF DMYYMS.

Hgdmbhu`tfrms, qum agvgl mstmbf gf Blpârbf m gf rmeblm mshrgvbstg, tfhgvgl sugs irgsb`mbrf, prfprbmagams, lubtf prfvgvm`lmotm, frbmotgafs  Lgoug` af gerbhu`tfr irgsb`mbrf , am gutfrbg am Hgr`fs Gueustf Qguogy,pm`f pbfombrf ag hgdmbhu`turg ml smu sìtbf og Qbcuhg. Mlifrg hfosbamrgssm g mshrgvbaèf ‐ulg vbf`gåèf af abrmbtf ogturg`“, f gutfr cu`egvg qum mrg prmhbsf amdmoaã-`g, pfbs qum mrg blpfrtgotm pgrg g mhfoflbg af Blpârbf. Qguogy prfpuong ul lfam`f pgtmrog`bstg am emstèf afs mshrgvfs3 uobdfrlbzgåèf af trgtglmotf, g`blmotfs m rfupgs sudbhbmotms, lm`nfrbg af mstgaf sgobtçrbf ags smozg`gs, gamqugåèf af trgig`nf ës ngib`bagams afs hgtbvfs m rbefrfsg abshbp`bog. Cç f dgzmoambrf af vg`m, Drgohbshf [mbxftf am @ghmrag Umromhj mshrmvmu, ml 7>15, ulg lmlørbg gf smu db`nf, mxp`bhgoaf-`nm usfs m hfstulms pgrg qum puamssm gssulbr ‐g vbag gerbhu`tfr. mshrgvf mxp`bhgvg oèf mrg ul boblbef, lgs`gifrbfsg“ ul g`bgaf.amAgì, f emstfrFoèf pfamr‘smr ‐drfuxf“‘  oml ‐smvmrf“, lgs ‐custf“. Xm, gf `foef af tmlpf, g pgbsgeml gerìhf`g tbong sm abvmrsbdbhgaf ergågs ës pmqumogs `gvfurgs qum gigstmhbgl g pfpu`gåèf, of sâhu`f ^B^, mssg tmoaãohbg dfb pfstg ë prfvg. Boólmrgs çrmgs ‘ gotms fhupgags pfr rfhmbrfs m hgbpbrgs af Ybf am Cgombrf, Xèf [gu`f m Lbogs Emrgbs ‘ hmamrgl `uegr g blmosgs dgzmoags hgdmmbrgs. Om`gs, gs pmqumogs rfågs, mstgim`mhbags ofs botmrstìhbfs ags lgtgs, dfrgl suistbtuìags pfr ergoams p`gotgåýms. D`frmstgs botmbrgs amsgpgrmhml am ul abg pgrg f futrf, `mvgoaf ul mspmhbg`bstg g rmhfonmhmr qum, amsam motèf, oèf mxbstm ‐dmrrglmotg lm`nfr qum g hgbxg am døsdfrfs pgrg mstgim`mhmr ulg p`gotgåèf am hgdâ“.

 

  l Lbogs Emrgbs, dfb g vmz af rbf [grgbiuog rmegr dgzmoags m p`gotgåýms am pmqumof m lâabf pfrtms, fhupgags hfl `gvfurgs am suisbstãohbg m emotm qum duebg ag hrbsm ag lbomrgåèf. M dfb of sâhu`f ^B^ qum surebrgl gs dgzmoags am hgdâ. F hñosu` boe`ãs Ybhngra Iurtfo tmstmluonfu qum ‐g prgeg ags ergoams p`gotgåýms oèf pmsgvg tgotf sfirm g tmrrg“. [frâl, g`gregoaf-sm g`gregoafsm f vg`m, hrmshbgl gs ergoams prfprbmagams, rbf ghblg. Ml Cubz am Dfrg, fu pfvfgaf am Xgotf Gotñobf am [grgbiuog ‘ smu gotbef oflm ‘, amstghgvgl-sm pg`ghmtms m hng`âs, g`âl ag ‐drmshurg m purmzg af gr“. Og rmebèf am Igrighmog, f sf`f mrg hfosbamrgaf drbf pgrg f p`gotbf am hgog m hgdâ. Lgs f grrfz m f lb`nf sm agvgl iml. G pgrtbr agì, rgohnfs sm lu`tbp`bhgvgl, fdmrmhmoaf tmrrmofs pgrg smhgr erèfs. @meulms m tgighf tgliâl prfspmrgvgl. F igru`nf lfoøtfof am lfocf`fs fu lfbonfs a‒çeug mohnbgl fs fuvbafs am quml pgssgssm, prfh`glgoaf f gtrgsf ag gerbhu`turg. G `gvfurg lbombrg hfrrmspfoabg, motèf, g 14,>% afs prfautfs hfosulbafs pm`f lmrhgaf botmrof. Am Igrighmog g Ifl Cmsus am Lgtfsbonfs, m`mvgags p`goìhbms hfovbagvgl ë hrbgåèf am egaf m gf p`gotbf am hmrmgbs. Drutgs6 Boólmrgs3 pmrgs, lgåès, glmbxgs, hgstgongs, pãssmefs. G uvg agvg augs vboablgs3 pfirm, ml cu`nf, m giuoagotm, ml amzmlirf. Ag hf`nmbtg, dgzbg-sm ifl vbogerm m gtâ ul ‐ifrefong ‐ifrefong am qug`bagam bodmrbfr“. Gf ofrtm af luobhìpbf am Xèf Cfèf am`-Ymb hrmshbg g gzmbtfog-ag-çdrbhg ‘ hucgs glãoafgs f`mfsgs, ampfbs am prfhmssgags, mrgl usgags og hu`boçrbg ‘, iml hflf g iguob`ng sm`vgeml, hgpgz am pmrdulgr fs grms pfr lubtfs abgs. [m`g mstrgag qum `begvg g hgpbtg` ag prfvìohbg af Ybf am Cgombrf ë am

M

Lbogs tgliâl mshfgvgl vgrgs am gpfrhfs ifbgags. Xø pfrhfs, tfuhbonfEmrgbs, m hgrom sg`egag hfrrmspfoabgl 95,5%m ags mxpfrtgåýms ag prfvìohbg, ml lmgafs af sâhu`f ^B^. G sgifrfsg hgrom afs pfrhfs, rf`båfs m moefragafs hfl bonglm m hgrç, amshbg gf `btfrg`, ml `flif am iurrf. Nflmos irgohfs m lu`gtfs, hfimrtfs pfr hngpâus am gigs mstrmbtgs m hfpgs g`tgs, drg`ags am hglbsg msvfgågoaf sfirm gs hg`ågs, hfoauzbgl fs goblgbs af Ybf ags Lfrtms pgrg fs lmrhgafs ag hfrtm. Af fmstm ag prfvìohbg, og rmebèf af Ybf Ergoam, vbongl gs ergoams lgogags am ifbs. G`b, mxhm`motms pgstgemos hfovbagvgl ë lu`tbp`bhgåèf afs rmigonfs. Hrbgafrms `fhgbs hnmegvgl g pfssubr = lb` hgimågs. Am qugsm 7; lb` dgzmoags mstuagagsampm`f nbstfrbgafr Drgefsf, 99,=% mrgl Gs am pmhuçrbg. Gfs hubagafs mshrgvfs, f egafCfèf lmrmhbg gtmoåýms mspmhbgbs.

 

pgstgemos mrgl lgotbags vmrabongs ergågs ës qumblgags. Og âpfhg ag smhg, hfl ul igliu ml hnglgs m hglbongoaf g dgvfr af vmotf, igstgvg ul nflml pgrg pñr dfef of pgstf. Mssm mrg abvbabaf pfr pgstgemos3 ags vghgs `mbtmbrgs, afs imzmrrfs, ags ofvb`ngs m afs tfurfs. Gs `mbtmbrgs agvgl qugtrf egrrgdgs pfr abg. ]l pfuhf am sg` lbsturgaf ë çeug mrg fdmrmhbaf gfs goblgbs, am qubozm ml qubozm abgs. Cuotf hfl g af Ybf Ergoam, g hflgrhg am Xèf Cfèf am`-Ymb mrg g lgbfr prfautfrg am qumbcf ag rmebèf. G`b, tgliâl, sm dgirbhgvg hgrom-smhg m am sf`. Lgs oèf sø. G`âl af pfrhf m afs prfautfs amrbvgafs af `mbtm, og rmebèf ngvbg lubtfs hgrombrfs. M`ms hrmshbgl `bvrmlmotm3 oml tbongl hèms pgstfrms g prftmeã-`fs. Gf `foef af rbf, rmstfs am vm`nfs egrblpfs `mlirgvgl tmlpfs pgssgafs. F lâabhf m iftéobhf boe`ãs, Emfrem Egraomr, qum pmrhfrrmu g rmebèf of dbog` afs gofs am 7>8;, hfosbamrgvg g prfvìohbg am Lbogs Emrgbs oèf sø ags lgbfrms, hflf ags lgbs rbhgs af Irgsb` ml rmhursfs ogturgbs. G prfauåèf afs moemonfs am hgog oèf mstgvg amstbogag gf gigstmhblmotf af lmrhgaf murfpmu, ë prfauåèf am rgpgaurg ogs prøprbgs Emrgms. Emrgms . Gtâlgs f rmstb`f ‘ geugramotm lgbsm hghngåg drghg ‘ hfosulbags mrg `greglmotm hflmrhbg`bzgaf motrm fs trfpmbrfs. Moemonfs am trgåèf goblg` fu lfvbafs g çeug rbvg`bzgvgl ml mdbhbãohbg. Hgrrfs am ifb, boabspmosçvmbs pgrg f trgospfrtm ag `mong ags dfrog`ngs m ag hgog, hruzgvgl bohmssgotmlmotm gs dgzmoags. Ofs moemonfs, hfotgl vbgcgotms, f `uegr am lgbfr pmrbef mrg g lfmoag. Mshrgvfs pfabgl bogavmrtbaglmotm tmr gs lèfs mslgegags fu pmramr ul irgåf. [grg`bsgr f lfbonf ml tmlpf nçib` mrg blpfssìvm`. Agì ngvmr smlprm of `fhg` ul dghèf pmoaurgaf pgrg qum f lmlirf puamssm smr hfrtgaf g tmlpf. Cuotf, mstmoabg-sm g hgsg afs hfirms, hfl gs dfrog`ngs m tghnfs pgrg f hfzblmotf af hg`af am hgog.

 

 G vbag róstbhg afs lbombrfs. lbombrfs. QBY[MOOM, Cmgo-@fubs. Hgtgs G`tgs. G`tgs. 7>81. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 Y]EMOAGX, CFNGOO LFYBQS. TBGEML   [BQFYMXHG GQYGTÂX GQYGTÂX AF IYGXB@. ZEYGT]YG 91\.

Og rmebèf, gerbhu`tfrms tbongl g ‐ergoam vgotgeml am oèf prmhbsgr am lubtfs mshrgvfs“. G`euos pfuhfs hgtbvfs hubagvgl af egaf m ‐qugotf lmofs of `uegr,amlmofs pmcfamtãl nflmos am dgzmr pmsgaf. nç G lgbfrbg tfhgafrms ifbsfsm am pfrhfs`bvrms qum vèf pgrg ftrgig`nf Ybf am Cgombrf â hflpfstg am nflmos irgohfs. Fs db`nfs afs dgzmoambrfs sm amabhgl tfafs gf trgig`nf. ]l hfoauz g trfpg am iurrfs, futrf hubag afs goblgbs m ul tmrhmbrf t mrhmbrf ags p`gotgåýms“, pfoamrfu Xgbot-Nb`gbrm. G fismrvgåèf â hfodbrlgag pfr hmosfs lbombrfs rmg`bzgafs motrm 7>87 m 7>1;, smeuoaf fs qugbs, motrm 9; lb` aflbhì`bfs, 44,5% oèf hfotgvgl hfl ul óobhf mshrgvf. G lgbfr pgrtm afs aflbhì`bfs sm sustmotgvg ergågs gf trgig`nf dglb`bgr. Fs qum pfssuìgl hgtbvfs tbongl p`gotâbs am trãs g hbohf mshrgvfs. Ogs dgzmoags sbtugags ml igbxgags, hu`tbvgvg-sm lb`nf, lgoabfhg, hgog, dmbcèf m grrfz, g`blmotgoaf oèf sø g hfrtm, lgs tgliâl lmrhgafs `fhgbs m

 

rmebfogbs. Gtâ qub`flifs am omerfs duebafs amsmovf`vmrgl mssm tbpf am `gvfurg hflf dfrlg am sfirmvbvãohbg. Gf ofrtm ag hgpbtgobg, g rmebèf ag Tb`g am Lfotms H`grfs am Dfrlbegs, pfr mxmlp`f, egrgotbg f mshfglmotf amssms prfautfs pgrg Xèf Cfèf am`-Ymb, `fhg`bzgag gf su`. Cuotf, smeubg f sg`btrm mxtrgìaf ags hgvmrogs am rfhng hg`hçrbg. F dulf tflfu hfotg ags gigoafogags `gvrgs am Qglgoauç. G Dgzmoag af Qgoqum, bostg`gag oul glp`f vg`m, hfocuegvg gs hgrghtmrìstbhgs am lubtgs futrgs dgzmoags lbombrgs3 lbomrgåèf am hgshg`nf, ergågs g ul afs irgåfs af rbf, m p`gotbf m lfgeml ag hgog, oul mxmlp`f ag hflp`mxbagam ag mhfoflbg rmebfog`. Ml lmgafs af sâhu`f ^B^, hfotuaf, g mxp`frgåèf gurìdmrg rmprmsmotgvg gpmogs 74,4% ag gtbvbagam mhfoñlbhg. Motrm fs dgzmoambrfs, vbg-sm emotm am tfaf tbpf, boh`usbvm pgarms ghulu`goaf gtbvbagams mspbrbtugbs m tmlpfrgbs. Fs pgarms Hurvm`f m Lmoagong, pfr mxmlp`f, pfssuìgl dgzmoags am egaf. Futrfs, tbongl moemonfs of rbf Eugrgpbrgoeg m oulmrfsgs lbomrgåýms prøxblgs am Tb`g Ybhg, Ybimbrèf af Hgrlf, Xèf afs Cfèfifos am`-Ymb m, sfirmtuaf, Xgigrç.gerìhf`gs, g gpgrãohbg ags Gpmsgr rmoablmotfs afsml prfautfs dgzmoags mrg lfamstg. Moqugotf ogs hnglgags ‐hbagams af furf“ g prfspmrbagam bohmotbvfu ulg sârbm am lm`nfrglmotfs grqubtmtñobhfs, og rmebèf frbmotg` ag prfvìohbg, og hflgrhg am [grghgtu, pfr mxmlp`f, XgbotNb`gbrm fismrvfu ‐hgsgs pmqumogs m mshurgs“ qum oèf abdmrbgl ags qum girbegvgl fs mshrgvfs. Fu smcg, ogs Lbogs, smonfrms pfabgl lfrgr ml qugsm smozg`gs3 ‐hnfågs“ fu ‐hgsbongs“ hflf gs qum amshrmvmrgl lubtfs mstrgoembrfs. Ogs ergoams vb`gs, mstgvgl gs sghgags rmoab`ngags ml pmargsgièf, ergams ml dmrrf am bospbrgåèf btg`bgog, froglmotfs ml hgotgrbg ogs sf`mbrgs m, ml g`eulgs ngibtgåýms, gtâ çeug mohgogag. Og çrmg rurg`, gs lfrgags mrgl am igrrf, f pbsf am hnèf igtbaf, gs pgrmams am igrrf, pfuhfs fs hñlfafs m lubtfs fs bohñlfafs. Lfrgafrms mrgl hfostgotmlmotm gtghgafs pfr bosmtfs, afrlbgl ml rmams fu mstmbrgs m, gpmsgr ag bodbobagam am hørrmefs qum igongvgl g rmebèf, oèf tbongl çeug pgrg `gvgr-sm. Ml ruìogs, gs hgsgs mshfrgvgl-sm ml tm`nmbrfs, oèf lmofs lg`hfosmrvgafs, pfr foam motrgvg g çeug ag hnuvg m g `uz af sf`. Xgbot-Nb`gbrm hflpgrfu gs dgzmoags am lbomrgåèf ës gerìhf`gs. Gs prblmbrgs pgrmhbgl hgstm`fs m gs smeuoags, ergocgs. Iurtfo beug`fu gs gerìhf`gs ës hgsgs qum vbrg of Agflâ, dmbtgs am igrrf m pmqumofs smbxfs am qugrtzf. F lbomrg`febstg irbtéobhf, Cfno Lgwm, gf hnmegr ë Dgzmoag Lgambrgs, af hgpbtèf Cfsâ [botf am Xfuzg, dbhfu blprmssbfogaf hfl smu lgu

 

mstgaf3 ml sugs pg`gvrgs, ulg ‐ruìog `glmotçvm`, sblp`ms tgpulms am mstghgs hfimrtgs am igrrf“. Lgbs gabgotm, pfusfu og dgzmoag am augs smonfrgs, afog H`grg m afog Lgrbg. Gpmsgr ag pf`bamz ags godbtrbès qum f ghf`nmrgl hfl ul  cgotgr ‘ mrg abg am Xèf Igrtf`flmu, m g hflbag, lgbs hgprbhngag ‘ g dgzmoag `nm pgrmhmu ‐lmabfhrmlmotm prfvbag am hfbsgs omhmssçrbgs ë vbag“. Lgs f boe`ãs blprmssbfofu-sm hfl g Dgzmoag af Igrrf, prøxblg g Tb`g Ybhg m pmrtmohmotm gf hfoam am @bongrms3 ‐Tg`bg bohflpgrgvm`lmotm lgbs af qum tuaf qum tìonglfs vbstf of eãomrf“, gcubzfu. [gssmfu motrm hgdmmbrfs ml d`fr, vbsbtfu lfbonfs am gåóhgr m lb`nf, bospmhbfofu f egaf m gs `gvrgs am furf, pmrgliu`fu ogs fdbhbogs am hgrpbotgrbg m am dmrrmbrf. F vbgcgotm fismrvfu qum fs qugrtfs sm gssmlm`ngvgl gfs vm`nfs sgeuýms, froglmotgafs hfl motg`nms am lgambrg m lfib`bgafs ë gotbeg. Amhfrgafs hfl ighglgrtms m mspgags `mlirgvgl gf vbsbtgotm fs dmrfzms gtgqums am ìoabfs iftfhuafs, gotbefs lfrgafrms ag rmebèf. Am`ms tmlbgl-sm gs d`mhngs movmomogags hfl sgoeum lmostrug` am sugs lu`nmrms. G smozg`g dbhgvg prøxblg hgsg, abstboeuboaf dgzmoag ags foam ml pg`nfågs,ëhnfågs fu hgsbongs gmspg`ngags offutrgs, tmrrmof. ‐G hgtbvfs dgzmoaglfrgvgl gprmsmotgvg sbogbs ag prblbtbvg fpu`ãohbg m ag ergoamzg qum amhgìrg, ë lmabag qum g `gvgeml af furf sm mseftgrg“, hfotfu m`m. Cç f omefhbgotm boe`ãs Cfno @uhhfhj tmvm lgbs sfrtm3 afrlbu ml hgtrm dmbtf am pgus tfshfs glgrrgafs hfl hbpø, sfirm hf`hnèf am pg`ng am lb`nf, ml `moåøbs am g`efaèf, pfrâl, am ‐rmsp`goamhmotm g`vurg“. Ml tfag g pgrtm, oèf ghnfu `uxf, ‐lgs hfodfrtf ml giuoaéohbg“. [gssgags gs hnuvgs m g hf`nmbtg, fs mshrgvfs bgl iushgr furf, hflf sm dgzbg og Dgzmoag Yfambrf, of hglbonf am Lgrbgog pgrg f Ybf. G vbag af dgzmoambrf ‘ quml hfotg â Ybhngra Iurtfo ‘ pfam smr dghb`lmotm amshrbtg3 `mvgotgvg-sm gf glgonmhmr m ul mshrgvf trgzbg-`nm hgdâ, ighbg m cgrrf am çeug pgrg `gvgr f rfstf. Ampfbs am vbsbtgr f moemonf am hgog qum hflmågvg g lfmr ës augs nfrgs ag lgonè, m am goagr g hgvg`f pm`gs p`gotgåýms ‐pgrg vmr sm fs mshrgvfs oèf mstgvgl lg`goargoaf“, vf`tgvg motrm 2 m 77 nfrgs pgrg g`lfågr hfl g dglì`bg, fu, sm mrg hm`bigtçrbf, ml hflpgonbg af dmbtfr. Gs nfrgs af sf` mrgl pgssgags dgzmoaf g smstg, gcuagag pfr ul hfpf am hmrvmcg boe`msg, `moaf fs cfrogbs fu rmhmimoaf vbsbtgs. F cgotgr mrg motrm 7= m 74 nfrgs m bovgrbgvm`lmotm ghflpgongaf am hgdâ, hbegrrfs m hngrutfs. Lgbs tgram, hmgvg-sm hfl hnç, ibshfbtfs, lgotmbeg m hfosmrvgs, tmrlbogoaf-sm f abg hfl ifg prfsg ml `uegr drmshf. G lfoftfobg amssg vbag am drgam mrg qumirgag hfl vbsbtgs gfs vbzbonfs fu g hbagams prøxblgs. Wugsm tfafs fs

 

dgzmoambrfs mrgl mxhm`motms hgvg`mbrfs m gtbrgafrms, botmrmssgaìssblfs ml hgåg m pmshg.

Ml futuirf am 7>59, g pbotfrg m ogturg`bstg boe`msg Lgrbgoom Ofrtn mohfotrgvg gboag g lbsturg am rustbhbagam m trgabåèf, hgrghtmrìstbhg am ulg rmebèf foam f mshrgvbslf m g vbag rurg` sm agvgl gs lèfs3 Cç mstgvg mshurf qugoaf vf`tglfs am Lgrbgog. Hgvg`eglfs gtâ g hgsg am ul nflml rbhf, am ifg dglì`bg, ul hflmoagafr fu  Jobent   ‘  hgvg`mbrf ‘ af Blpârbf qum mstgvg agoaf ulg dmstg ogqum`g ofbtm Z…\. [rblmbrf ofs lfstrgrgl fs gpfsmotfs am vbsbtg, foam g dglì`bg ouohg motrgvg3 pm`ms am foåg m am futrfs goblgbs mspg`ngafs pm`f pbsf gssfg`ngaf m ibim`ñs ogs lmsgs, g`âl am uos vm`nfs rmtrgtfs am gohmstrgbs pfrtueumsms ogs pgrmams: `ç ngvbg tgliâl ulg hgpm`bong modmbtgag am lgu efstf m ul ifobtf cgrabl. Ampfbs, vf`tglfs ë vmragambrg sg`g am mstgr ‘ ulg mspâhbm am hfpg hnmbg am `bxf m omerbonfs, g pfrtg sm girboaf pgrg ul bluoaf, foamqum pfrhfs eg`bongs smhfl mxbibgl abgotm af ulirg`. Dfbhurrg` pfr mssg motrgag oøs mm

 

futrfs hfovbagafs hnmeglfs, g`b amslfotglfs am ofssfs hgvg`fs m lu`gs. Of sâhu`f ^B^, og zfog rurg`, mshrgvfs goagvgl amshg`åfs m smlbous, hfl ul pgof sucf pgssgaf motrm gs pmrogs, fu hg`ågs am rbshgaf, f trfohf ou fu hfl ul lf`glif am hglbsg gimrtg of pmbtf. Afofs am moemonfs m dgzmoags goagvgl frabogrbglmotm amshg`åfs, hglbsg lmbf rgsegag, hg`ågs am tmhbaf am g`efaèf, hngpâu am pg`ng m rfsçrbf pmoamotm af pmshfåf. Ml abgs dmstbvfs, pfrtgvgl hngpâu am dm`trf prmtf, hg`ågs irgohgs hurtgs m iftgs hflprbags, prmsgs pfr hfrrmbgs gigbxf af cfm`nf, m cgqumtg am hnbtg am hfr pfr hblg af hf`mtm irgohf. F trgcm dmlbobof hflpuong-sm am vmstbaf am lfotgr, am pgof gzu` fu vmram, frogaf am iftýmzbonfs m, pfr igbxf, `foef vmstbaf irgohf, iml glp`f am lfaf g pmrlbtbr lfotgr g hgvg`mbrf, ë lgombrg lgshu`bog. Hfl drmquãohbg, vbgl-sm augs lu`nmrms lfotgags oul sø goblg`. hflulmotm gboag, f nflml trgzbg sug lu`nmr ëf egrupg. af hgsg`,Lgbs tgliâl g hgvg`f, smeubgl fs pgrmotms. Dmhngvgl hfrtmcf, Gtrçs g pâ, fs mshrgvfs, ml db`g boabgog. Gs lu`nmrms girbegvgl g hgimåg hfl ul `moåf, sfirm f qug` mohgrgpbtgvgl ul hngpâu am nflml, rmafoaf, prmtf. Gf pmshfåf, pmoaurgvgl rfsçrbfs m mshgpu`çrbfs. M tgotf fs nflmos qugotf gs lu`nmrms oèf abspmosgvgl f eugrag-sf`. Lmslf g hgvg`f.

 

 G hfrtm hgrbfhg ampmoabg ampmoabg af gigstmhblmotf qum vbong am Lbogs Emrgbs. DYÎYMX, Qnbmrry. @m Qnbmrry. @m hnbrurebmooîerm. hnbrurebmooîerm . 7>8=. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 AMIYMQ, CMGO-IG[QBXQM. TFRGEM  [BQQFYMXW]M MQ NBXQFYBW]M G] IYÂXB@. QFLM AM]^BÎLM. [. 4=. G boaulmotçrbg fpuong g ‐emotm am hgsghg“ ‘ fu smcg, fs lbombrfs qum goagvgl lgbs grrulgafs hfl hgsghgs am hgsblbrg prmtg ‘ gfs amlgbs, qum goagvgl am cg`mhf m ml lgoeg am hglbsg3 fs ‐pâs-rgpgafs“. [grg sm prftmemr ag hnuvg qum hgìg drbg, gtâ ofs lmsms am vmrèf, fs lfrgafrms usgvgl ‐eugrag-hnuvgs hfimrtfs am g`efaèf m fs mshrgvfs, lgotfs dmbtfs hfl hgpbl-lulimhg fu iurbtb“. F gssuotf prmdmrbaf omssg âpfhg, smeuoaf Cfgqubl Dm`ìhbf afs Xgotfs, mrg g ‐hbvb`bagam“. Hflf hflpfrtgr-sm pgrg pgrmhmr ul ‐rmbof`“6 G mtbqumtg mrg g`vf am boagegåýms3 amvbg ul hgvg`nmbrf smotgr-sm ë lmsg hfl mspgabl, sbl fu oèf6 [fabg gssfgr-sm og lgoeg ag hglbsg6 M `blpgr f ogrbz fu mshgrrgr ml pói`bhf6 Mrgl rmpmtbags, ë âpfhg, gs rmuobýms am dglì`bg, ‐qugoaf g lósbhg m`mtrbzgvg fs mspìrbtfs“. ‐Qfafs ‐Qfafs agoågvgl, oèf mssgs hfotrgagoågs lfamrogs, hflpgssgags, lfoøtfogs, `motgs, sml sbeobdbhgåèf: mrg f lboumtf moergågaf m mxprmssbvf, hfl `éoeubafs m vf`uptufsfs rmqumirfs: agoågs gramotms m goblgags: vg`sgs dbeurgags foam pm`f hgag sfl „dbeurg‒ pgrmhbg sbeobdbhgr ul amsmcf… f afbamcgotm dgoagoef, rmeu`gaf af xbqum-xbqum am prgtg.“ @mbturgs m ibi`bftmhgs fhupgvgl lubtf f tmlpf afs lfrgafrms. Iurtfo mohfotrfu lbombrfs qum mstuagvgl f nmirmu, f séoshrbtf, hflf f prfdmssfr am `gtbl ar. Gurm`bgof Hfrrãg [blmotm`. Egraomr am`bhbfu-sm hfl gs firgs ml drgohãs m `gtbl ag pmqumog, lgs iml dfrobag ibi`bftmhg af vbeçrbf am Dfrlbegs. M, ml Abglgotbog, surprmmoamu-sm hfl f  Bvgonfâ  am   am Xbr Ug`tmr Xhftt, og ibi`bftmhg am ulg afozm`g lbombrg. Dgzmoambrfs m trfpmbrfs qum bgl ë hfrtm trgzbgl og vf`tg fs ó`tblfs oólmrfs ag Egzmtg af Ybf am Cgombrf. Cgombrf. Cfegr pmtmhg mrg pgssgtmlpf gprmhbgaf, smeuoaf f lmslf vbgcgotm, pgrg glifs fs smxfs. F igrg`nf m f wnbst   prmmohnbgl g ofbtm afs nflmos, moqugotf gs lu`nmrms prfsmgvgl, imimrbhgoaf hnç. Fs mshrgvfs rmuobgl-sm

 

ofs hfrmtfs, foam pfabgl hgotgr, imimr m agoågr ë vfotgam. Igtuqums m `uoaus gf sfl afs pfamrfsfs hgxglius, tglifrms am pm`m, gs hgtbrgs hfl pg`lgs m igtm-pâs of rbtlf ag vbf`g, gs rfags am lbombrf-pgu hgotgoaf qugarbongs goblgvgl gs nfrgs am df`eg. Ml lubtgs dgzmoags, hgtbvfs tbongl sug prøprbg rfåg, foam trgig`ngvgl gfs aflboefs m dmrbgafs. Qgliâl Qgliâl `nms mrg pmrlbtbaf hrbgr eg`bongs m pfrhfs. F tmlg ags hfovmrsgs mrg smlprm f lmslf3 Ogpf`mèf m smus emomrgbs. ‐Lbombrfs ouohg sm hgosgl am fuvbr dg`gr am Ogpf`mèf Ifogpgrtm m ag nbstørbg trçebhg am ofssg rmvf`uåèf“, rmebstrfu Xgbot-Nb`gbrm. Ml Dfrlbeg, rmuobaf hfl fs prbohbpgbs ngibtgotms ag hbagam, og hgsg af hflgoagotm af grrgbg`, f gssuotf mrgl gs lu`nmrms drgohmsgs. ‐Xmrbgl tèf `bvrms qugotf gdbrlfu futrf vbgcgotm6“, pmreuotgvgl gf mstrgoembrf. Abgotm ag hfodbrlgåèf, g rmgåèf afs lbombrfs mrg rçpbag3 ‐Amus ofs `bvrm am tglgong amsergåg!“. [frqum gs sugs lu`nmrms, og lgbfr pgrtm ags vmzms, oml sm lfstrgvgl ë cgom`g, hflf abzbg Xgbot-Nb`gbrm3 Og rmebèf af Ybf Ergoam m ml emrg` og hflgrhg am Xèf Cfèf sm ambxgl vmr lgbs drmqumotmlmotm qum ml futrgs pgrtms am Lbogs. Motrmtgotf, hflf mssm oèf â ul hfstulm lubtf abduoabaf oml lubtf iml ghmbtf, gs qum sm gprmsmotgl abgotm am smus nøspmams sø f dgzml amsgdbgoaf fs prmhfohmbtfs. G`b, hflf of rmstf ag prfvìohbg, g afog ag hgsg m sugs db`ngs mstbhgvgl f pmshfåf pfr trçs ag pfrtg motrmgimrtg g dbl am lm vmrml mshrmvmr fu mstuagr gs p`gotgs, m sm mu lm vf`tgvg irushglmotm ë hgimåg vbg smus vu`tfs rmhugoaf gprmssgaglmotm. Hmotmogs am vmzms lm dfb agaf gssbstbr g mssg pmqumog hflâabg. Xbl, gs lbombrgs, g`âl am m`febgags pm`g im`mzg, mrgl hurbfsgs. Gs qum  cgotgrgl hfl Lgwm og Dgzmoag Lgotbqumbrg ifligramgrgl-of ifligramgrgl-of hfl pmreuotgs sfirm gs lfags og Boe`gtmrrg. Hflf sm vmstbgl gs aglgs pfr `ç6 Xurprmmoamrgl-sm qugoaf f vbgcgotm `nms dg`fu qum m`gs hfirbgl gs hgimågs hfl ifoomts ifoomts,, vbstf qum gs smonfrgs irgsb`mbrgs sø hfirbgl gs hgimågs ml bagam gvgoågag m pgrg froglmotf af hgim`f prmdmrbgl ul pmotm rbhglmotm trgig`ngaf. Am prmdmrãohbg, am furf. G qum nfspmafu Lgrbgoom Ofrtn lfstrfu-`nm smu eugrag-rfupg hfl ‐rfupgs m`megotms m rmoags, dmbtgs ë lèf pfr m`g lmslg“.

 

Am ulg ags lu`nmrms dgzmoambrgs, ambxfu-ofs f rmtrgtf f lâabhf prussbgof igrèf Emfre vfo @goesafrdd3 afog Gog, prfprbmtçrbg ag Dgzmoag Ifl Ymtbrf, pmrtf am Igrighmog. Tbóvg, smxgemoçrbg, galbobstrgvg sfzbong g prfprbmagam, qum hfotgvg hfl 79 mshrgvfs. Qbong moemonf am gåóhgr m smrrgrbg. ‐Hgsfu tfafs fs smus omerfs m am`ms rmhmimu vçrbfs hrbfu`fs, fu smcg, db`nfs am omerfs ogshbafs gqub. M`g mstç ml tfag g pgrtm, dbshg`bzg tuaf m`g lmslg: â g prblmbrg g hflmågr g trgig`ngr m g ó`tblg g ambxgr f trgig`nf“  ‘ gcubzgvg f igrèf. G nfspbtg`bagam pgrg hfl fs vbgcgotms mrg hfostgotm. Egraomr, ml vbgeml gf `foef af rbf Cmqubtbonfong, dfb ghf`nbaf hfl drutgs drmshgs, sfirmtuaf, `grgocgs m cgiutbhgigs, pm`f dgzmoambrf hgpbtèf G`lmbag. Xgbot-Nb`gbrm mlfhbfofu-sm gf abzmr gamus gfs afofs ag Dgzmoag Ifg Tbstg3 of lflmotf ag smpgrgåèf, pgb m db`nfs tbongl `çerblgs ofs f`nfs. F igrèf am @goesafrdd tmvm fs lgbfrms m`febfs pgrg ‐f igonf qumotm am pâs“ hfl qum dfb gerghbgaf. Lgwm rmebstrfu qum ‐ouohg mohfotrfu ml omonulg pgrtm af Irgsb` sfhbmagam lgbsoml ghf`nmafrg gergaçvm`ag Z…\ sugssug lgombrgs hmrblfobfsgs, usgl fs mrmqubotms hfrtm,gslgs hfoautgoèf â g sèf am pmssfgs emotbs m iml-mauhgags, goblgags pfr ul nulfr mspfotéomf“. Modbl, f boe`ãs gafrfu fs lbombrfs! Dgzmoambrfs rbhfs tbongl f hubagaf am movbgr smus db`nfs pgrg mstuagr og Murfpg fu of Xmlboçrbf am Lgrbgog. G mxprmssèf ‐pgarm-lmstrm“, gp`bhçvm` g tfaf f sghmraftm qum oèf mrg vbeçrbf, afhulmotg qugotf mrg emomrg`bzgaf f fdìhbf am mosbogr. Cuotf hfl fs hgpuhnbonfs btg`bgofs, dfrgl m`ms tgliâl fs botrfautfrms ag lósbhg `btórebhg m sfhbg`. Gdbog`, g lfabong ogshmu ml Lbogs, ofs dbos af sâhu`f ^TBBB. M gs prblmbrgs frqumstrgs lbombrgs gaftgrglm vbrtufsms. fs gdrfamshmoamotms fs ‐lu`gtfs lósbhfs“, hflf rmemotms Xugs igoagsmamlmstbåfs, lósbhg rbvg`bzgvgl motrm sb m goblgvgl dmstgs rm`bebfsgs m prfdgogs. Gf sfl am smus bostrulmotfs, agoågvgl-sm trmhnfs ags øpmrgs am Yfssbob m, ë lmabag qum gvgoågvg f sâhu`f ^B^, vg`sgs, pf`hgs, qugarb`ngs m lgzurhgs. Dfb hfl ulg amssgs frqumstrgs qum f hfoam am Im`lfotm rmhmimu a. [marf BB ml sug dgzmoag, gf sfl am sf`moìssblg lbssg. Fs lbombrfs mrgl mhfoñlbhfs m sug pgrhblñobg blprmssbfofu Cfno Lgwm. F Ybf am Cgombrf movbgvg prfautfs pgrg f botmrbfr ‘ mshrgvfs, sg`, dmrrf, hngpâus, tmhbafs am `è, g`efaèf mstglpgaf, ul pfuhf am vbonf m ø`mf, pmbxm sg`egaf m lgotmbeg. Hfotuaf, ‐pfuhfs ficmtfs am `uxf“ pmomtrgvgl

 

mssms `foeìoqufs rbohýms. Xmus ngibtgotms, gdbrlgvg, ‐sø gaqubrml f qum â gisf`utglmotm omhmssçrbf“. Cuabhbfsfs lbombrfs! Motrm gs gtbvbagams abçrbgs ag dgzmoag, ulg fhupgvg fs nflmos3 dgzmr qumbcf. F `mbtm mrg tbrgaf, cuotgvg-sm g m`m f hfg`nf, qum f dgzbg tg`ngr bostgotgomglmotm. F lgbs hflul mrg f am hgpbvgrg, pfr smr f lgbs dçhb` am mohfotrgr. Gs dfrlgs am lgambrg, am dmbtbf hbrhu`gr, tbongl f mspgåf `bvrm botmrof lgbs fu lmofs af tglgonf am ul pbrms. Mrgl pfstgs oulg lmsg mstrmbtg am tglpf boh`bogaf. F `mbtm tg`ngaf mrg hf`fhgaf amotrf am`gs, ml pmqumogs pfråýms gtâ mohnã-`gs. Ml smeubag, msprmlbg-sm g lgssg hfl g lèf, m f `mbtm mshfrrbg pgrg amotrf am ulg eglm`g. Hflpghtgvg-sm ghrmshmotgoaf lgbs m lgbs lgssg tg`ngag. Hfirbg-sm am sg` g pgrtm supmrbfr aurgotm afzm nfrgs. Tbrgvg-sm f qumbcf, sg`egoaf af futrf `gaf. Og lgonè smeubotm, mrg grrulgaf ml `uegr sflirmgaf, smoaf vbrgaf am tmlpfs ml tmlpfs, pfr fbtf abgs. Mstgvg prfotf. F sgifr mrg sugvm m gergaçvm`, smeuoaf Xgbot-Nb`gbrm. Qrgospfrtgafs pgrg f Ybf ml cghçs am iglius erfssmbrglmotm trgoågafs, hgag hmstf hfotbong hboqumotg qumbcfs. hmstfs qum hfostbtuìgl hgreg am ul iurrf. Gutfrbagams hfstulgvgl durgrAfbs fs qumbcfs pgssgvglg pm`fs rmebstrfs, ml iushg am furf m abglgotms. Ogs dgzmoags foam sm hrbgvgl hgrombrfs, mssms mrgl tfsgafs augs vmzms pfr gof3 of lãs am gefstf, gf dbl ag tmlpfrgag am bovmrof, m smbs lmsms ampfbs, gotms ag smhg. Gprfvmbtgvg-sm g `è pgrg dgzmr tmhbafs erfssmbrfs, hfl fs qugbs sm vmstbgl fs omerfs. G `è tgliâl mrg mlprmegag of dgirbhf am hngpâus am gigs `gregs, hfl hfpg igbxg m grrmafoagag, lubtf usgafs pm`fs lbombrfs. Mspmssfs m pmsgafs, prftmebgl hfotrg fs grafrms af sf`. Ngvbg lu`nmrms nçimbs, hgpgzms am dgzmr tmhbafs abdmrmotms amssm tbpf am `è, egongoaf gssblg sug vbag. Cuotf hfl `è, hu`tbvgvg-sm `bonf m g`efaèf, qum mrgl dbgafs ml tmgrms. Hfimrtfrms am g`efaèf `gvrgafs hfl d`frms, qugargafs m hruzms hf`frbags mrgl prfautfs amssg boaóstrbg aflâstbhg. Ml Qgpmrg, grrgbg` af abstrbtf am Abglgotms, f lmslf Xgbot-Nb`gbrm gprmhbfu f trgig`nf afs tmgrms hgpgzms am dgirbhgr tfg`ngs, `moåøbs m hf`hngs, qum mrgl vmoabafs og rmebèf fu mxpfrtgafs pgrg g hfrtm. Ml Lbogs Emrgbs, oèf sø sm dbgvg hflf sm tboebgl tmhbafs. Wugotf ës hfrms, f irgohf mrg dmbtf am hg`, f vmrlm`nf m f glgrm`f, am greb`g, m f rfsg m f gzu`, am suistéohbgs vmemtgbs. F hfrgotm mrg dbxgaf hfl gcuag am urbog. ‐Oulg dgzmoag am hfosbamrçvm` mxtmosèf hfl moemonf am gåóhgr m vçrbgs futrgs ampmoaãohbgs, foam sm dgirbhgvg hfrgotm gzu` ìoabef Z…\ vb

 

g`euos tmhbafs am `è tbotfs hfl mssm hfrgotm m ghnmb im`ìssblg g tfog`bagam am gzu` mxtrgìaf am ulg sf`goçhmg am tg`fs drutmshmotms, am df`ngs `bsgs m d`frms irgohgs, mxtrmlglmotm hfluos ogs lgtgs vbremos m mohfotrgags ofs grrmafrms af Ybf am Cgombrf“, mxp`bhgvg f ogturg`bstg drgohãs. G mssm trgig`nf dmlbobof cuotgvgl-sm futrfs. Lu`nmrms, `bvrms fu mshrgvgs, mrgl mlprmegags og hgsg m ofs gdgzmrms aflâstbhfs3 `mvgvgl lb`nf pgrg g lfmoag, hfzbongvgl hflbag pgrg fs pfrhfs, fhupgvgl-sm ag hfzbong, ag rfupg, am mspg`ngr f dmbcèf, hfzbongr ø`mf, dgzmr dgrbong, agr hflbag ës eg`bongs, motrm futrgs tgrmdgs lbóags, hflf g sg`eg af pfrhf3 tfrrgvg-sm g pmarg am sg` oulg vgsb`ng, puong-sm f sg` of dfef gtâ qum sm rmauzbssm g pø dbof, msdrmegvg-sm iml g hgrom, hfrtgoaf-g trgosvmrsg`lmotm, pgrg qum f sg` pmomtrgssm of tfuhbonf. Futrg tgrmdg mrg g dgirbhgåèf am ø`mf hfl f hfhf-am-hgtgrrf. Hf`nbaf m ambxgaf pgrg amhflpfr-sm, mrg, g smeubr, glgssgaf m msprmlbaf. F ø`mf smrvbg pgrg dgzmr sgièf fu vm`gs m pgrg trgtgr f hfurf usgaf ml futrgs gtbvbagams. Lgbs ulg tgrmdg3 g dgirbhgåèfhfl am hbegrrfs am lb`nf ml df`ngs af lmslf vmemtg` m glgrrgafs dbtgs hf`frbags mlmorf`gafs lgåfs pmqumobofs, hflf vbu dgzmr Lgrbgoom Ofrtn. [gom`gs am pmarg-sgièf fu `fuåg erfssmbrg am greb`g ‘ prgtfs, tbem`gs, lfrboegs m ib`ngs ‘ tgliâl pfabgl smr hfodmhhbfogags og zfog rurg`, bodfrlg-ofs @blg Cóobfr. [grg tfroç-`gs lmofs drçembs, mrgl hfimrtgs hfl ulg hglgag am vmrobz mspmssf. Xm qumirgssml, f sulf af hbpø-cbifbg hf`gvg gs pgrtms. Ogs hgsgs am dgzmoag, oèf dg`tgvgl pmqumofs hgotmbrfs, hu`tbvgafs pfr lèfs dmlbobogs. Oul vbhmcgvg g lg`vg hnmbrfsg, f g`mhrbl, f lgocmrbhèf, `mvgafs pgrg gs Lbogs pm`fs gvmoturmbrfs am 75;;. Ofutrf, g iftbhg aflâstbhg3 g lghm`g eg`meg, f am pfmcf, g héodfrg nmriçhmg, g grtmlìsbg, qum hurgvgl dmirms, hgtgrrfs, afrms mstñlgef. G grruag gdrbhgog omutrg`bzgvg f lgu-f`ngaf m, ës smxtgs-dmbrgs, qumblgvgl-sm df`ngs am ‐euboâ“. G hgegbtg m f hgcu mrgl puregtbvfs. Yfslgobonf m futrgs mrvgs fafrgotms gduemotgvgl bosmtfs m agvgl ‐ifos grms“ ofs hñlfafs. F ø`mf am hfpgìig, mxtrgìaf ag p`gotg qum ‐hnfrgvg of lãs am gefstf“, mrg bamg` pgrg pbsgaurgs am goblgbs. Fs afmotms sm g`blmotgvgl am eg`bongs, hgrom drmshg am vghg m ul lmabhbog` hfpbonf am hghngåg. Of sâhu`f ^B^, f usf ag nflmfpgtbg tfrogrg-sm lfag gtâ omssgs `foeìoqugs pgrgemos. G prmsmoåg am egaf ifvbof botrfauzbu vçrbgs hrmoågs `begags ë vg`frbzgåèf ag sgóam3 pmarg af iuhnf gdgstgvg qug`qumr afr. Hnç am ifstg hurgvg hfqum`uhnm. Hnbdrm am ifb prmsf og hmrhg prftmebg af lgu-f`ngaf.

 

 Lgrbgog3 ulg hbagam lbombrg. Hbagam am Lgrbgog. Z7>14-7>156\. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\.

 

Ogs prfprbmagams prøxblgs gfs rbfs hflf, pfr mxmlp`f, g Dgzmoag ag Hgrrmbrg Hflprbag, of hglbonf am Hurvm`f, dgirbhgvgl-sm grlgab`ngs pgrg pmegr giuoagotms pmbxms. F hurrg` m f cmqub, hmstf hñobhf am tgqugrgs, smeurf hfl hbpøs m prmsf g mstghgs, mrgl lubtf mdbhbmotms. G erfsmbrg hfostbtuìg-sm oul sbstmlg am mstghgs dbogs, `begags pfr `bgogs, ës qugbs sm prmoabgl `bongs m gozøbs. F hnbqumbrf mrg ulg grlgab`ng am tgqugrg qum sm dmhngvg qugoaf f pmbxm lfrabg g bshg. Lbonfhgs, sgiuefs am lb`nf, obonfs am pgssgrbonf m pmogs mrgl usgafs pgrg gtrgbr pmbxms, ampfbs drbtfs, smhgafs gf sf` fu prmpgrgafs ml hfosmrvgs. Ogs hgsgs am dgrbong, lu`nmrms `bvrms m mshrgvgs hubagvgl af amshgshglmotf ag lgoabfhg, ag mxtrgåèf af pf`vb`nf m ag dgirbhgåèf am imbcus. Cç g rg`gåèf, prmosgeml m tfrrgåèf, pfr mxbebr dfråg dìsbhg, mrg gtbvbagam pgrg fs nflmos. Qfafs egrgotbgl f vm`nf abtgaf pfpu`gr3 ‐Foam nfuvmr dgrbong m lb`nf, hgag ul hrbg f smu db`nf“. Ml Hurvm`f, Lgrbgoom Ofrtn rmebstrfu blgemos am ul moemonf3 ‐]lg pgrtm af tmrrmbrf mstgvg hfimrtg mspbegs am lb`nfdfeumbrgs, rmhâl-hf`nbags, qum hfl fs mshrgvfs amigbxf hfl af `ulm am g`eulgs g`blmotgags g pg`ng amiu`ngvgl ags hgshgs m f igegåf am hgog-am-gåóhgr. ]l nflml puxgvg ul tbpf am hgotf lfofhørabf, qum f rmstf ghflpgongvg hfl ulg sârbm am ubvfs, oèf smoaf mxgtglmotm f tbpf am lm`fabg omerg qum mshutglfs ogs rugs am @foarms“ ‘  mstrgonfu g vbgcgotm. Mstrgonfu pfr amshfonmhmr g im`mzg afs vbssuoefs g`b hgotgafs amsam tmlpfs hf`fobgbs. Fs grms ags dgzmoags foam gboag ngvbg lbomrgåèf gssfhbgag ë `gvfurg mrgl mlig`gafs pfr hgotbegs am trgig`nf afs mshrgvfs. G`euos hgotfs gagptgafs ës dgsms am trgig`nf ogs lbogs, futrfs, pgrmhmoaf hgotfs rm`bebfsfs gcustgafs ë fhgsbèf. Hfotg-ofs Gbrms agGotms Lgtglmslf Lghngaf Db`nf qum fs omerfs hgotgvgl f abg botmbrf of smrvbåf. af ogshmr af sf`, abrbebgl-sm ë `ug, ml hgotbegs am mvbamotm tmfr rm`bebfsf. [m`g lgonè, motfgvgl ul ‐[gam-Ofssf“, pmaboaf g Amus m g Ofssg Xmonfrg qum gimoåfgssml smu trgig`nf m hflbag3 ‐Ftã! [gam-Ofssf hul Gvm-Lgrbg, smhurf hélmrg qub t‒Goegoglzgliã, bñ…“ G smeubr, f hgotgafr lmstrm ghfragvg fs hflpgonmbrfs3 ‐Eg`f hgotfu, rã rã/ Hghgrbghfu/ Hrbstf ogshmu/ Eg`f cç hgotfu“. Ë `ug mrg pmabaf qum ‐durgssm f iurgqubonf af abg“3 ‐Gb! Xmonã!/ Ñ… ñ bligoag, hflimrg tb, smonã“. Gf lmbf-abg, f hgotgafr gvbsgvg ë lu`nmr am smrvbåf qum f sf` bg g`tf3 mrg nfrg af g`lfåf3 ‐Goaglib, uhulib u gtuoaç…6 Xmqumrmoam…“ Xmqumrmoam…“

 

[grg gcuotgr tmrrgs ofs lfotms m p`gotgr, gprmssgr g lgrhng af hgvg`f, gvbsgr af mohfotrf am ul abglgotm, dg`gr ‐`ìoeug am irgohf“, motmrrgr fs lfrtfs, brfobzgr f lgu g`blmotf qum `nms mrg smrvbaf, g`mrtgr sfirm f dfef ofs hglpfs, pmrsmeubr g hgåg of lgtf, duebr pgrg fs qub`flifs, `mlirgr fs pgbs, pmabr ulg rfupg ofvg, dgzmr hfotrgdmbtbåfs, modbl, pgrg tuaf, hgotgvgl fs hgtbvfs. Fs vbssuoefs mrgl pgrtm blpfrtgotm af hftbabgof ags dgzmoags, m sug lósbhg lgrhgvg f rbtlf afs trgig`nfs m afs abgs, bodfrlgoaf sfirm f qum sm pgssgvg. Dbgoambrgs, hgpbogafrms ag rfåg, of lutbrèf am hfostruåýms ‘  lubtfs futrfs hgotfs mohnbgl gs smrrgs lbombrgs. Hgotgvg-sm gtâ pgrg rmh`glgr af drbf3 ‐Guã/ Aurf cç dfb smoeuã“. Fu pgrg sm pmabr hnuvg3 ‐Foeflim hfb b pbqum“. G`bçs, of hftbabgof afs dgzmoambrfs m trgig`ngafrms, g lmtmfrf`febg mrg vbebgag am pmrtf. Hrmoågs sm lu`tbp`bhgvgl pgrg prftmemr gs `gvfurgs afs amsgstrms h`blçtbhfs. Og âpfhg am smhg, fs gerbhu`tfrms `mvgvgl pmargs og hgimåg, am amtmrlbogaf `uegr pgrg f hmlbtârbf. Wugoaf g smhg sm prf`foegvg, mYmhursf f lb`nfmdbhgz hflmågvg g mlifomhgr, lf`ngvgl-sm hruzmbrfs gf lmbf-abg. pgrg hnglgr hnuvg mrg hfotrgrbgr fs fs sgotfs, trfhgoaf-fs am smus frgtørbfs fu hgpm`gs. Moqugotf oèf hgìg çeug, oèf vf`tgvgl g smus `uegrms. Hnuvgs dfrtms sm gouohbgvgl pm`f erbtf af lghghf eugrbig, pm`f hgotf af iml-tm-vb, pm`g erbtgrbg lgbs g`tg afs sgpfs fu pm`g rmvfgag am ifrif`mtgs ml `uegrms ólbafs. Ogs rfågs fhupgags pfr mshrgvfs m nflmos `bvrms, g hgog prfpgegvg-sm pfr irftfs, p`gotgafs motrm dmvmrmbrf m lgråf, âpfhg am hnuvgs, m ë ofbtm, pgrg gprfvmbtgr g ulbagam. Gs `blpgs afs hgotmbrfs, gs amspg`ngs, fs hfrtms m trgospfrtms agvgl trgig`nf. G hf`nmbtg ag ruibçhmg mrg dmbtg ë lèf, smoaf fs erèfs hf`fhgafs ml pmombrgs eg`nfs m Glifs df`ngs. Ampfbs mrgl movbgafs g ul rgohnf m am `ç,m smpgrgafs ë smhgemlafs of tmrrmbrf. fs hu`tbvgrms mrgl p`gotgafs ampfbs ag tmrrg qumblgag pm`f amstrutbvf sbstmlg am hfbvgrg. Tbvbg-sm of lm`nfr afs luoafs6 Oèf. G rmim`abg mstgvg of gr m oèf dg`tgrgl vbf`ãohbgs. Hflf hfotg g nbstfrbgafrg Lçrhbg [boog Ygspgotb, ml 7>88, fhfrrmu g lgbfr rmim`bèf mshrgvg ags Lbogs Emrgbs, ogs dgzmoags ag dglì`bg Cuoqumbrg, `fhg`bzgags of hurgtf am Xèf Qflâ ags @mtrgs, drmeumsbg am Hgrrgohgs m hflgrhg af Ybf ags Lfrtms. G`b, gs dgzmoags Hglpf G`merm m Im`g Hruz dgzbgl pgrtm am ulg ergoam mxtmosèf am tmrrg hfohmabag pm`g hfrfg g Cfèf Drgohbshf, pfrtueuãs am Xèf Xblèf ag Cuoqumbrg. Og tmrhmbrg aâhgag af sâhu`f ^B^, gs prfprbmagams am smus db`nfs mstgvgl motrm gs

 

lm`nfrms ag rmebèf, hfl ergoam oólmrf am hgimågs am egaf, hgvg`fs m pfrhfs, g`âl am ul p`gotm` am mshrgvfs qum supmrgvg g lâabg ag rmebèf. G prfprbmagam am Hglpf G`merm mstgvg sfi g rmspfosgib`bagam am Egirbm` Drgohbshf am Goargam Cuoqumbrg, qum, og gusãohbg af pgb ‘ amputgaf qum mxmrhbg sugs duoåýms og hfrtm ‘ hfoauzbg g dgzmoag, g`âl am supmrvbsbfogr f trgig`nf afs mshrgvfs. Gotms af lmbf-abg, hflf am hfstulm, smeubu g hgvg`f gtâ g rfåg pgrg dbshg`bzgr fs trgig`nfs. Gf hnmegr, mohfotrfu smus mshrgvfs prmpgrgoaf g tmrrg, hubagoaf ags `gvfurgs am lb`nf m dmbcèf. G trgoqub`bagam, pfrâl, mrg gpmogs gpgrmotm. [fbs, sml hfoabåýms am fdmrmhmr omonulg rmgåèf, Egirbm` Drgohbshf dfb surprmmoabaf pm`f mshrgvf Tmoturg Lbog, qum f rmtbrfu ë dfråg am hblg af hgvg`f m f hfirbu am pfrrmtgags og hgimåg gtâ ë lfrtm. G`euos afs mshrgvfs qum mstgvgl trgig`ngoaf ogqum`m lflmotf moerfssgrgl f erupf m smeubrgl ml abrmåèf ë smam ag Dgzmoag Hglpf G`merm, tfafs `bamrgafs pfr Tmoturg Lbog. Xø oèf gtghgrgl g smam ag dgzmoag ul mshrgvf ngvbg ghfotmhbaf. sgìaf ës prmssgs m gvbsgaf gfs futrfs dglb`bgrmspfrqum af amputgaf f qum ngvbg Fs rmim`ams hnmegrgl gtâ gf tmrrmbrf ag dgzmoag m pmrhmimrgl qum m`g mstgvg eugromhbag pfr afbs hgpbtèms af lgtf. Dfrgl, motèf, ml abrmåèf ë Dgzmoag Im`g Hruz. F lflmotf lgbs arglçtbhf ag rmvf`tg tmvm hflf hmoçrbf mssg dgzmoag, foam fs hgtbvfs gssgssbogrgl tfafs fs irgohfs qum `ç mstgvgl. Ampfbs am bovgabr g hgsg-ergoam am smus smonfrms, grrfligoaf gs pfrtgs g lghngagags, gtghgrgl Cfsâ Drgohbshf Cuoqumbrg m sug lu`nmr, qum, pgrg sm prftmemrml, tbongl sm trgohgaf oul qugrtf. Am ogag gabgotfu. Dfrgl lgssghrgafs. Ofvm botmergotms ag dglì`bg Cuoqumbrg dfrgl gssgssbogafs. Nç boaìhbfs am qum gs lu`nmrms sfdrmrgl vbf`ãohbg bostrulmotfs am trgig`nf ‘ pgus, dfbhms m smxug`. lghngafsFs‘ mmshrgvfs grlgs am utb`bzgrgl dfef pgrg hflmtmr fs hrblms. Fs rmim`ams mstgvgl amtmrlbogafs g mxtmrlbogr tfafs fs irgohfs agqum`g prfprbmagam, tgotf qum pgrtm afs mshrgvfs pmrlgomhmu og Im`g Hruz m prmpgrfu ulg mlifshgag pgrg tgliâl gssgssbogr f emorf am Cfsâ Drgohbshf, Lgofm` Cfsâ ag Hfstg. Ampfbs am lgoagr gvbsç-`f qum fs gssgssbofs tbongl duebaf, f qum mrg lmotbrg, mshfoamrgl-sm m, gssbl qum Lgofm` Cfsâ ag Hfstg gtrgvmssfu g pfrtmbrg, fs mshrgvfs f lgtgrgl g ‐ifrafgags“ m ampfbs `nm amrgl ul tbrf. @bamrgafs pm`f mshrgvf Tmoturg, futrf erupf smeubu ml abrmåèf ë Dgzmoag Ifl Cgrabl, pgrg g`b dgzmr f lmslf m agr prfssmeublmotf ë

 

rmim`bèf. Fs mshrgvfs mohfotrgrgl of hglbonf ul germegaf ag lmslg dgzmoag qum sm abrbebg ë Im`g Hruz ml iushg am lgotblmotfs ‘ tgliâl f lgtgrgl. Gf hnmegrml g mssg ó`tblg dgzmoag, tfpgrgl hfl dfrtm rmsbstãohbg pfr pgrtm af prfprbmtçrbf m smus mshrgvfs, m f `ìamr Tmoturg dfb ergvmlmotm dmrbaf. Cfèf Héoabaf ag Hfstg Cuoqumbrg, qugoaf bodfrlgaf afs ghfotmhblmotfs am Hglpf G`merm m Im`g Hruz, rgpbaglmotm, rmuobu m grlfu smus mshrgvfs m hfosmeubu mspgotgr fs bosuremotms. bosuremotms. Gssbl qum prfprbmtçrbfs m gutfrbagams sfuimrgl afs ghfotmhblmotfs, lfib`bzgrgl ul ergoam msqumlg rmprmssbvf, hfovfhgoaf gutfrbagams, prfprbmtçrbfs m g Eugrag Oghbfog` pgrg hfligtmr fs rmim`ams. F h`blg am tmrrfr gtboebu tfag g vbzbongoåg. Hflf sm trgtgvg am ulg çrmg mstrgtâebhg, am ergoam blpfrtéohbg mhfoñlbhg, prøxblg ës mstrgags qum botmr`begvgl gs prfvìohbgs am Xèf [gu`f m Ybf am Cgombrf g Lbogs Emrgbs, fs ghfotmhblmotfs ag drmeumsbg am Hgrrgohgs egongrgl rmpmrhussèf og rmebèf. Ampfbs am prmsfs m am sulçrbf cu`eglmotf, fs mshrgvfs rmim`ams am dfrglpfr mxmlp`grlmotm Amzmssmbs am`ms pói`bhg, dfrgl hfoamogafs ëHgrrgohgs pmog am lfrtm modfrhglmotfpuobafs. m mxmhutgafs ml prgåg og vb`g am Xèf Cfèf am`-Ymb, ml abgs g`tmrogafs m hfl hfrtmcf ag Brlgoagam ag Lbsmrbhørabg. Dfb ulg ags lgbfrms hfoamogåýms hf`mtbvgs ë pmog am lfrtm gp`bhgag g mshrgvfs og nbstørbg af Blpârbf irgsb`mbrf.

 

 

G

pgrtbr ag tmrhmbrg aâhgag af sâhu`f ^B^, vboafs am Lbogs Emrgbs m am Xèf [gu`f, dgzmoambrfs hflmågrgl g bovgabr f suafmstm ag prfvìohbg am Efbçs. F oflm ag prfvìohbg dfb rmtbrgaf ag trbif afs efbçs, qum

ngibtgvgl g rmebèf m cç mstgvgl mxtbotfs ë âpfhg. F ficmtbvf dfb g iushg am ‐lgbs furf“, agoaf smeublmotf ë prblmbrg vgeg am fhupgåèf, qum tmvm boìhbf of hmotrf-su`, pfr vf`tg am 759=. M, am dgtf, of sâhu`f ^TBBB, furf ngvbg m lubtf! Qgotf qum mrg mohfotrgaf gtâ og supmrdìhbm af sf`f. ]l óobhf mshrgvf hnmegvg g mxtrgbr am trãs g qugtrf foågs am furf abçrbgs. Omssg âpfhg, surebgl dfrgstmbrfs am tfag g pgrtm, g`âl ags prblmbrgs `mvgs am gvmoturmbrfs rmboøbs. Aurgotm lubtf tmlpf, fs rbfs ag rmebèf eugragrbgl pmarmeu`nfs of `mbtf, ghusgoaf g prmsmoåg afs prblmbrfs hgågafrms am furf. Gboag of sâhu`f ^B^, mrg pfssìvm` vmr trgig`ngafrms pfirms lmreu`ngafs og çeug ml iushg am pg`nmtgs. Bostrulmotfs grhgbhfs ‘ hflf f m g igtmbg pgrgYbhngra g grmbg lgbs dbog, f g`lfhrgdm  ‘hgruliâ smrvbglpgrg pgrgf ghgshg`nf egrblpgeml, hfotfu Iurtfo mlhflf vbgeml ë rmebèf, ml 7>4=. Ë vf`tg am pbfombrfs am vgrbgag prfhmaãohbg, sfirmvbvbgl lfrgafrms ag rmebèf nç lb`ãobfs3 hgbgpøs gf su`: gf ofrtm, fs xgvgotms: g fmstm, gtâ f rbf [grgeugb, fs grbhçs m gyhurus. Motrm hngpgags m hngpgaýms, ogshmrgl, motèf, Hfruliç, Cgrgeuç, Tb`g Ifg m Lmbg [fotm, mstg ó`tblg tfrogoaf-sm f lgbfr motrmpfstf hflmrhbg` ag prfvìohbg. Ag`b sgìg dulf, hghngåg, gåóhgr m tfuhbonf pgrg grrgbgbs gf Ofrtm. F g`efaèf smeubg pgrg g hfrtm, of Ybf am Cgombrf, m f lb`nf pgrg [grghgtu, ml Lbogs Emrgbs. Cuotf, hrmshbgl fs rmigonfs ifvbofs, pgrg rmhrbg m moefrag [gu`f m Lbogs,søfoam mrgl lgcfrbtgrbglmotm ml Dfrlbeg.ml Gs Xèf trfpgs, motrmtgotf, sm lfvblmotgvgl ampfbs agvmoabafs mstgåèf ags hnuvgs, pgrg oèf gtf`gr ofs `glgågbs. G rmebèf girbegvg, gssbl, ul prfhmssf abvmrsbdbhgaf am fhupgåèf, hfl sug hflp`mxg rmam am rm`gåýms mhfoñlbhgs m mxp`frgåèf am prfautfs ogturgbs, g`âl af bomvbtçvm` hfotrgigoaf, qum smeubg pfr pbhgags m trb`ngs pfuhf g pfuhf hfotrf`gags. F Ofrtm cç dfrg fhupgaf pfr oframstbofs m ofrtbstgs qum sm vg`mrgl afs rbfs Grgeugbg m Qfhgotbos pgrg amshmr ml abrmåèf gfs smrtýms, g dbl am vmoamr f sg`, omhmssçrbf ës hrbgåýms am egaf. Efbçs hfodbeurgvg ul lfsgbhf am abdmrmohbgags ‐b`ngs“ am lfrgafrms. G vgstg supmrdìhbm sm girbg pgrg gs lgremos am futrgs prfvìohbgs, emrgoaf lgbfr hfovbvãohbg hfl fs vbzbonfs af qum motrm fs ngibtgotms ag lmslg

 

prfvìohbg. G dg`tg am mstrgags m fs prfi`mlgs am hfluobhgåèf abdbhu`tgvgl f hfotgtf motrm ofrtbstgs m su`bstgs. Mrg pfssìvm` goagr pfr `âeugs m `âeugs sml gvbstgr ulg óobhg g`lg vbvg, qumbxfu-sm Gueustm am Xgbot-Nb`gbrm, qum pfr `ç pgssfu ml 7>72. ]l mspgåfsf p`gog`tf, pfotb`ngaf am iurbtbs, hgpfmbrgs m hfimrtf pfr pgstgemos ogturgbs ghf`nbg fs vbgcgotms qum motrgvgl og prfvìohbg pm`f rmebstrf afs Grrmpmoabafs, of `blbtm am Lbogs Emrgbs. [fr g`b trgosbtgvgl gs lmrhgafrbgs, boaf fu vboaf af Ybf am Cgombrf. Amsvbgoaf-sm uos pfuhfs lmtrfs, pmomtrgvg f hfotrgigoaf. Qmrrgs ‐lfotgonfsgs, amspfvfgags m sml sbog` am hu`turg“, ‐ul glfotfgaf am hgsmirms lbsmrçvmbs m am rugs `glghmotgs“ rmhmibgl fs vbgcgotms, smeuoaf f rm`gtf af lmslf Xgbot-Nb`gbrm. Qgbs hgsmirms mrgl dmbtfs am tgigtboeg, f qum `nms agvg ul gspmhtf h`grf, m tbongl cgom`gs dmbtgs hfl `élbogs am lbhg, ‐tèf trgospgrmotms qugotf f vbarf“. Xmeuoaf f lmslf vbgcgotm, ‐g tmrrg dfromhm ml giuoaéohbg tuaf f qum â omhmssçrbf ë drueg` g`blmotgåèf afs gerbhu`tfrms“. Hbagams qum lgbs blprmssbfogvgl6 [grg hflmågr, g sguaçvm` Lmbg[fotm, foam sm mohfotrgvgl vbgcgotms ag Ignbg, af Ybf am Cgombrf, am Lgtf Erfssf m am Xèf [gu`f, grrgbg` hmrhgaf am tmrrgs dârtmbs m lfotgongs, pfssubafr am rugs `gregs m hg`ågags, hbohf bermcgs, prgåg m f rbf ags G`lgs, foam nflmos m lu`nmrms sm igongvgl ml âpfhg am hg`fr. Gs hgsgs, hgprbhnfsglmotm hgbgags, tbongl qubotgbs hfl igogombrgs m `grgocmbrgs. G`b, prøxblf, ml rmebýms m`mvgags hflf Xgotg @uzbg, hrmshbgl prfautfs murfpmus hflf f trbef m f lgrlm`mbrf. Af prblmbrf, dgzbg-sm pèf am trbef. Af smeuoaf, hfodmbtfs vmoabafs ml futrgs prfvìohbgs. Og gotbeg Tb`g Ifg am Efbçs, pfabgl-sm mohfotrgr `fcgs iml gigstmhbags qum vmoabgl lbuamzgs, tmhbafsagm hfrtm, lgotblmotfs. prfvbgl g pfpu`gåèf am rmlâabfs vboafs pfbs, ogsG`eulgs prblmbrgsam`gs aâhgags af sâhu`f, oèf ngvbg dgrlçhbg ë vbstg. Gboag smeuoaf Xgbot-Nb`gbrm, ‐ml Efbçs mohfotrgl-sm grtmsèfs igstgotm nçimbs“. Xml ouohg tmrml ambxgaf g rmebèf, hfosmeubgl hfpbgr f qum sm qubsmssm, m lgbs3 hfl ifg qug`bagam. Xgbot-Nb`gbrm blprmssbfofu-sm hfl ul am`ms, qum mrg hgpgz am ‐hfosmrtgr rm`øebfs, dgzmr vm`gs, m bsqumbrfs, `çpbs mth.“. Blprmssbfofu-sm tgliâl hfl g hgsg am ul mshrbvèf ag cuotg ag Dgzmoag Ymg`, qum, pgrg sug surprmsg, tbong tfaf f hfodfrtf am ulg ifg hgsg murfpmbg. Løvmbs m prgtgrbg, bospbrgafs ml lfam`fs mstrgoembrfs, hfl tfaf f rmqubotm blgeboçvm`3 firg am ‐grtmsèfs efbgofs“! Lósbhfs goblgvgl gs

 

dmstgs prfdgogs fu rm`bebfsgs. Brlgoagams m bermcgs pfssuìgl smus hfrfs m igoags.

 

 Lgpg am Efbçs3 g hgrtfergdbg af smrtèf. TB@@BMYX AM @‒@@M-GAGL, C. am, Tbshfoam. Hgrtg tfpfergpnbhg m galbobstrgtbvg ag prfvbohbg am Efygz33 Mrbebag sfirm fs afhulmotfs Efygz lgbs lfamrofs pm`f Tham. am Tb``bmrs am @‒Bs`m Gagl. 7>12. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZHGYQFEYGDBG\. ML3 ZHGYQGX QF[FEYG[NBHGX M  GALBOBXQYGQBTGX  GALBOBXQYGQBT GX AGX [YFTBOHBGX AF IYGXB@\. 7>15. [. 71.

Efbçs3 g pmhuçrbg sm`vgeml. @MIFYOM, Cfsmpn-@fubs. Ngibtgos Cfsmpn-@fubs. Ngibtgos am Efygz. Efygz. Z7>8=\.

 

IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 Y]EMOAGX, CFNGOO LFYBQS. TBGEML   [BQFYMXHG GQYGTÂX GQYGTÂX AF IYGXB@. ZEYGT]YG 12\.

tmlpfs ag am lbomrgåèf. Xgotgngibtgotms, Hruz, ul afs Mrgl lgbsrmsquìhbfs gotbefs afs pfvfgafs prfvìohbg, Of g grrgbg` lgbfrbgam afs gerbhu`tfrms pfirms, mspmrgvgl g smhg afs rbfs Hfruliç m [mbxm pgrg `gvgr g grmbg m fs smbxfs ë hgtg af lmtg`. G pfpu`gåèf mrg lgcfrbtgrbglmotm omerg fu lu`gtg. Ml 7>;1, fs omerfs `bvrms mrgl 9>% af tftg` am prmtfs, m fs irgohfs hfostbtuìgl pfuhf lmofs am 71% ag pfpu`gåèf ag prfvìohbg. Lgbfr gboag mrg g prfermssèf afs lu`gtfs. M`ms fhupgvgl tfafs fs oìvmbs ag sfhbmagam3 mrgl lb`btgrms, sghmraftms m ergoams prfprbmtçrbfs. G gusãohbg am lu`nmrms irgohgs ogs lbogs dfb g hgusg am ulg lmstbågeml ml ergoam mshg`g. M f Lgtf g dmirm af furf,agg`btmrrg, surebu ulgdgrbong boaóstrbg aflâstbhg qum Erfssf6 suprbu g [gssgag omhmssbagam am prfautfs hflf am lgoabfhg, grrfz, dmbcèf, gåóhgr, geugramotm, gzmbtm am lglfog, g`efaèf. Fs pf`fs lgbs aboélbhfs sm mohfotrgvgl ogs dgzmoags am egaf mstgim`mhbags ogs hgimhmbrgs af [gotgog` Lgtf-erfssmosm, hucfs ifbs mrgl vmoabafs ml Lbogs Emrgbs. Fs moemonfs am gåóhgr sbtugvgl-sm og rmebèf am Xmrrg Ghblg m ogs lgremos af rbf Hubgiç. G prfvìohbg sm hgrghtmrbzgvg, pfrâl, pfr ulg mhfoflbg pfuhf aboélbhg, hfl rm`gåýms sml ergoam botmosbagam hfl f lmrhgaf mxtmrof. Ogs hbagams lgbs blpfrtgotms, hflf Hubgiç fu @bvrglmotf, gs hgsgs mrgl am gafimvgrgoag m tgbpg,m hfzbong. hfimrtgs Ml am tm`ng hfl ul sø g`hfvg, g`euos hgsfs, `fcgpgvblmotf tgliâl. qum cuotgvg sg`g, F usf am løvmbs oèf mrg lubtf hflul, abz g nbstfrbgafrg @ubzg Tf`pgtf. Ybhfs m pfirms afrlbgl ml rmams. Abdmrmotmlmotm am Efbçs, g`b dg`tgvgl grtmsèfs. Ofs hørrmefs, f `bxf sm lbsturgvg gfs hgtgafrms am furf qum mspmrgvgl gs ergoams hnuvgs pgrg rmvbrgr pmargs ml iushg am pg`nmtgs. Hghnfrrfs, vghgs, hgirbtfs m pfrhfs motu`ngvgl gs rugs. Nflmos m lu`nmrms, mshrgvfs fu `bvrms, hbrhu`gvgl tgliâl, fdmrmhmoaf prfautfs vgrbgafs. Fs motmrrfs gboag sm dgzbgl amotrf ags bermcgs, pfbs gs hbagams oèf pfssuìgl hmlbtârbfs. Oèf hfotgvgl tgliâl hfl lgtgafurfs fu lmrhgafs. Fs nçibtfs ag pfpu`gåèf, m lmslf fs ag m`btm, mrgl hfosbamrgafs róstbhfs m botmrbfrgofs pfr quml hnmegssm am dfrg.

 

G rftbog mrg bog`tmrçvm`3 nflmos hubagvgl am mxmrhmr sug prfdbssèf, galbobstrgr prfprbmagams fu hu`tbvgr g tmrrg. Lu`nmrms prgtbhgvgl gs grtms aflâstbhgs3 g afågrbg m g hfsturg ‘ agr framos, of hgsf ags smonfrgs, fu fimamhmr, of ags mshrgvgs. M gssbl sm mohnbgl fs abgs. Hfl gemoag tèf rmauzbag, fs lgtf-erfssmosms mrgl ghusgafs, pfr vbgcgotms fu duohbfoçrbfs af efvmrof blpmrbg`, am smr pfuhf mlprmmoamafrms. Wugotf gf ‐pfvf“, abzbgl-of prmeubåfsf3 pmshgr afbs pmbxms of rbf, ul pgrg hflmr, futrf pgrg vmoamr, igstgvg. Abstrgåýms, sø gs prfpfrhbfogags pm`g Xmlgog Xgotg m pm`gs dmstgs afs pgarfmbrfs am brlgoagams, qugoaf motèf fhfrrbgl prfhbssýms, igb`ms m `mb`ýms am prmoags, qum sghuabgl g lfafrrg ags vb`gs. Ogag am øpmrgs fu tmgtrf, lftbvf am qumbxg am lubtgs gutfrbagams qum g`b bgl trgig`ngr. G prfvìohbg hflmåfu g hrmshmr, ul pfuhf gotms am smr amh`grgag g Eumrrg af [grgeugb, hfl g mxpfrtgåèf am pfgbg fu bpmhghugong, p`gotg gotbeg, hfonmhbag afs pfvfs boaìemogs, qum tbongl rmpgssgaf smu hfonmhblmotf gfs hf`fobzgafrms. G pfgbg hnmefu g smr f smeuoaf hfotrbiubotm afs hfdrms ag prfvìohbg am Lgtf Erfssf, amvbaf g sug mxpfrtgåèf prbohbpg`lmotm pgrg g Murfpg. [frâl, f amslgtglmotf amsmodrmgaf ag rmebèf mxtboeubu tg` hflârhbf3 g pfgbg lmargvg ë sflirg ags lgtgs ólbags. G smeuoag lmtgam ag aâhgag am 7>4;, pfrâl, dfb abdìhb` pgrg g prfvìohbg. Qrfpgs pgrgeugbgs bovgabrgl g drfotmbrg gf su`, m g vgrìf`g dmz mstrgefs mofrlms og pfpu`gåèf. Dglì`bgs botmbrgs lfrrbgl, ‐amsam f hnmdm am dglì`bg gf ó`tblf mshrgvf“. Gs pfrtgs ags hgsgs tbongl qum smr grrfligags pgrg g rmtbrgag afs hgaçvmrms. [grg f motmrrf, girbgl-sm vg`gs m tfhgvg-sm dfef gfs hfrpfs putrmdgtfs. Hflf sm oèf igstgssm, ulg hnmbg af rbf Hubgiç amvgstfu igbrrfs m p`gotgåýms. [gssgrgl g dg`tgr g`blmotfs. G dflm sm bostg`fu. F lmaf am ulg bovgsèf aflbogvg g pfpu`gåèf. Hgbrbgl ogs lèfs am Xf`gof @øpmz, f ‐abtgafr“ pgrgeugbf6 M pfr qum oèf ag If`ìvbg6 Hfrrbgl rulfrms ‘ bovgsèf ë vbstg! Xml hfotgr qum vm`nfs boblbefs sgìrgl ags lgtgs3 fs ìoabfs. Gotmrbfrlmotm tèf pmrsmeubafs, m`ms gprfvmbtgrgl g drgeb`bagam afs hf`fofs pgrg rmhruamshmr sugs bovmstbags, hnmegoaf lmslf g sm gprfxblgr ag hgpbtg`. ]l mxmlp`f am gtgqum dfb rmpmrtfrbgaf pm`f hnmdm am pf`ìhbg ml 98 am ofvmlirf am 7>4=3 ‐Of sìtbf am Cfgqubl Cfsâ Xglpgbf, ml Xmrrg Ghblg, fs mshrgvfs qumambxgoaf mstgvglof og `fhg` rfåg dfrgl gtghgafs qum pfr ìoabfs Fs mshrgvfs duebrgl, gs dmrrglmotgs dfrgl irgvbfs. `mvgags

 

pm`fs ìoabfs. Lgtgrgl g mshrgvg Yflgog af lgcfr [mrmbrg Girmu, ampfbs lutb`grgl f hgaçvmr, hfrtgoaf g hgimåg, lèfs m ul pâ qum `mvgrgl, ambxgoaf f hgaçvmr og mstrgag“. Cuotfu-sm g mssg glmgåg f lmaf am mshrgvfs qum pfamrbgl `uhrgr hfl g amsframl, dueboaf fu sui`mvgoaf-sm. Gdbog`, Xf`gof @øpmz oèf prflmtbg `bimragam gfs qum pgssgssml pgrg f smu `gaf6 Fs smonfrms gboag sm pmreuotgvgl sm, ml fhgsbèf am eumrrg, amvbgl fu oèf fs grlgr. M nfuvm lubtfs irgohfs pfirms qum amrgl eugrbag pgrg fs hgtbvfs duebafs. G botmrgåèf motrm `gvrgafrms pfirms m qub`flif`gs egrgotbg g glifs fs erupfs prfautfs pgrg sug prøprbg sfirmvbvãohbg, g`âl afs `gåfs am glbzgam fu sf`bagrbmagam. Gdbog`, glifs mrgl vbstfs pm`fs ergoams prfprbmtçrbfs hflf ‐rg`â“ m ulg hfostgotm glmgåg. M m`ms mrgl, gpmogs, brlèfs og lbsârbg. Gtâ g rmgimrturg af rbf [grgeugb, g rmebèf tmvm abdbhu`agams am sgbr af bsf`glmotf. Xfirm m`g, abzbg, ml 7>42, f hflmrhbgotm Cfgqubl D. Lfutbonf3 ‐Lgtf Erfssf â ulg ags prfvìohbgs af Irgsb` qum lgbs rbhglmotm dfrgl aftgags pm`g ogturmzg: mstç, pfrâl, sbtugag tèf `foem, m tèf pfuhf gqubonfgag pm`f Efvmrof og abstrbiubåèf am smus dgvfrms, qum tuaf g`b â abdìhb`, m tuaf mxbstm ml mstgaf mlirbfoçrbf.“

Eugbhurus3 ìoabfs af [gotgog`.

 

LFQQM, Hngr`ms Âtbmoom [bmrrm.  [mup`gam am Efugyefurfus hngoemgot am [gturgems. [gturgems. 7>81. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 AMIYMQ, CMGO-IG[QBXQM. TFRGEM  [BQQFYMXW]M MQ NBXQFYBW]M NBXQFYBW]M G] IYÂXB@. QFLM [YMLBMY. [. 7>.

Gf pgssgr pm`g rmebèf, g hglbonf af drfot , G`drmaf a‒Mshrgeof``m Qguogy, cfvml smhrmtçrbf af Mstgaf Lgbfr af Mxârhbtf, gssbl amshrmvmu ‐gs abdbhu`agams“3 ‐Ml tfag g zfog pmrhfrrbag mxbstm ergoam giuoaéohbg am rfågs gigoafogags. Gs hgsgs g qum pmrtmohbgl mssgs `gvfurgs cgzbgl ml ruìogs, oèf sø pm`f amsglpgrf cç am g`euos lmsms, hflf tgliâl pm`g pfuhg sf`bamz am sug hfostruåèf, pfbs qugsm tfags sèf hfimrtgs am hnglbåg m dmbtgs am tgbpg lmtbag motrm pgrmams am pgu g pbqum lg` rbpgags.“ Dboag fg hrmshblmotf eumrrg ml 7>42, g gimrturgGs agslfags rftgs d`uvbgbs af [rgtgm pmrlbtbu ag prfvìohbg. vboags og am ighbg Lfotmvbaâu Iumofs Gbrms hflmågrgl g hnmegr. @fcgs pgssgrgl g vmoamr tmhbafs, løvmbs m gtâ irboqumafs. F pgpm` am pgrmam pgssfu g rmvmstbr gs pgrmams m f vbarf mohnmu fs hgbxb`nfs ags cgom`gs. Hnmegvgl blbergotms murfpmus m lbergotms botmrofs, cuotf hfl lu`nmrms sfirmvbvmotms ag rmpói`bhg amrrftgag. Lubtgs sm amabhgrgl gf hflârhbf am geugramotm, `gvgoamrbg, hfsturg fu sm tfrogrgl hrbgags. Lgbs ë drmotm, g hrbgåèf am egaf m g `gvfurg ‘ qum tbongl trgosdfrlgaf @bvrglmotf, Xgotf Gotñobf af Ybf Gigbxf m Hngpgag afs Eublgrèms, ofs ergoams hgpbtg` ‘,sm motrgrgl hf`gpsf hfl f dbl ag mshrgvbaèf. Agì pgrghm`mbrfs abgotm, ag g prfvìohbg mreumu ml ergågs ë ifrrghng m g mrvg-lgtm qum `nm amrgl g`motf ogs ó`tblgs aâhgags af sâhu`f ^B^.

 

  l 7>1=, ul cfvml pgstfr ofrtm-glmrbhgof pui`bhfu ul `bvrf sfirm sugs goagoågs pm`gs prfvìohbgs af Ofrtm m Oframstm3  Ymlbobshãohbgs am vbgemos m pmrlgoãohbg of Irgsb`. Irgsb`. Xmeuoaf m`m, dfb f prblmbrf `bvrf pui`bhgaf ofs Mstgafs ]obafs ag Glârbhg sfirm f Blpârbf irgsb`mbrf. irgsb`mbrf.  Xmu oflm, Agobm` [grbsn Jbaamr. Ogshbaf ml 7> am futuirf am 7>7=, ml Agrbmo, mstgaf am Ofvg Rfrj, oèf pmrtmohbg ë dglì`bg lmtfabstg, afutrbog qum girgåfu, lmslf hfl dfrtm fpfsbåèf am smu pgb. Xmu sfonf mrg `mvgr g pg`gvrg hrbstè ë Hnbog. Lgs ghgifu ghmbtgoaf f hfovbtm ag Xfhbmagam Iìi`bhg Glmrbhgog pgrg abduoabr g Iìi`bg of Irgsb`. Tbvmu of Ybf am Cgombrf gotms am pmrhfrrmr ‐rmebýms gdgstgags“ oul ofvf lmbf am trgospfrtm, qum suistbtubu gs `motgs mligrhgåýms g vm`g3 fs ogvbfs g vgpfr. Wugoaf dfb bogueurgaf f Irgzb`bgo Xtmgl [ghjmt Hflpgoy pgrg dgzmr f trgospfrtm rmeu`gr am lg`gs pfstgbs, pgssgembrfs, gigstmhblmotf

M

fu lmslf pgrgpgrg hbrhu`gr lgtmrbg` am eumrrg motrm g hgpbtg` m f Glgzfogs, Jbaamr rulfu f Ofrtm ml lbssèf am prfpgegoag mvgoeâ`bhg. Hfrrbg f gof am 7>82, qugoaf m`m hnmefu g Xg`vgafr, oul abg hnuvfsf. Amsmligrhfu of Grsmog`. Og rug ag [rgbg, hruzfu hfl omerfs hgrrmegafrms sgìafs am trgpbhnms ‘ am ‐prfpfråýms mofrlms Z…\, fs lgbfrms af luoaf“  ‘, rmspbrfu fafrms ogusmgiuoafs m vbsbtfu g If`sg sml hflmrhbgotms, pfbs m`ms prmdmrbgl sm rmuobr oulg sg`g hflul, pgrg trfhgr bodfrlgåýms m ifgtfs. [mrhfrrmu rugs mstrmbtgs, hfrtgags pfr mseftfs, qum hfosbamrfu ‐gsqumrfsglmotm bluoags“. Fuvbu f erbtf m fs dg`grms am gliu`gotms m hgrrmegafrms am tfags gs mspâhbms. Omssg hbagam, mrg blpfssìvm` am amhgrrugemos. Emotm lmrhgafrbgs mrgl `mvgags ofs flirfsf futréosbtf og hgimåg hgrrmegafrms3 ‐Wumrm hgambrg, Xmonfr6“ ‘ mrg g pmreuotg bosbstmotm. M`m pmrhmimu qum f dgraglmotf afs pfrtgafrms am hgambrg vgrbgvg am ghfraf hfl sug hfoabåèf. Fs pgrtbhu`grms, iml vmstbafs, `mvgvgl gs hgambrgs froglmotgags m dmhngags pfr dbogs hfrtbogs. Hfl goagr hgamohbgaf, hgrrmegvgl smus h`bmotms rugs ghblg gtâ f [gssmbf [ói`bhf. G`b, sfi g df`ngeml ‐ags lgoeumbrgs m gf sfprf ag irbsg ofturog“, qum, mssg sbl, hgrrmegvg f grflg am d`frms, hbrhu`fu motrm g emotm sftmrfpf`btgog3 ‐f sf`agaf, f iureuãs, f hflmoagafr, f lb`bfoçrbf, f mshrgvf“. Hfostgtfu, beug`lmotm, ‐g rbqumzg, g m`meéohbg m g im`mzg ags igbgogs“. Qgliâl g `boamzg ags ‐hgsgs g`vghmotgs, ulg gf g`tf, futrgsmë blprmssbfofu imbrg a‒çeug hfl ‘ smlprm smpgrgags pm`g

 

vmemtgåèf vmram-mshurg“. [gbsgeml tèf im`g sø pmrabg pgrg g hgpbtg`, f Ybf am Cgombrf. Tbgcgoaf hfl Jbaamr, og abrmåèf Ofrtm, smrbg pfssìvm` vmr g hfstg am Xmrebpm, hucf oflm, am frbeml boaìemog, vbong am ul rbghnf of botmrbfr ags tmrrgs. Ë imbrg-lgr, sm msprmeubågvg amosg d`frmstg, gqub m g`b rmhfrtgag pfr ‐boaìhbfs am hu`turg“, fu smcg, pmqumogs rfågs. Og hgambg am lfrrfs qum sm vbg gf duoaf, sm mxtrgìg gboag giuoagotm pgu-irgsb` m futrgs lgambrgs am `mb. Og pgrtm frbmotg` ag prfvìohbg sm hu`tbvgvg hgog-am-gåóhgr, tgighf m prfautfs am suisbstãohbg. G pgrtm fhbamotg` girbegvg g hrbgåèf am egaf mxtmosbvg. Ym`gåýms hfl f mstrgoembrf6 [fuquìssblgs, bodfrlg f glmrbhgof. Xfirm f ‐pfvf“, abzbgl-of ‐frambrf m pgtrbftg“. Lgbs gf Ofrtm, g 1> nfrgs am ogvmegåèf am Xg`vgafr, G`gefgs. ]lg pmqumog prfvìohbg af Blpârbf, gssbl igtbzgag pfr hgusg ag mosmgag qum girbegvg sug vm`ng hgpbtg`. Xmu pfrtf mohgotfu f vbgcgotm3 ‐Lmslf g lgbs im`g ags b`ngs afs lgrms af Xu` abdbhb`lmotm gprmsmotgrç gspmhtf lgbs pbtfrmshf“, amdbobu mohgotgaf. G grmbg tbong g ‐g`vurg ag omvm“. ]l rmoqum am hgsgs irgohgs rmpfusgvg ë sflirg am hfqumbrfs lgcmstfsfs, ‐emlgs moegstgags motrm gs p`ulgs am ulg hfrfg rmg`“. G hbagam, pfrâl, sm ‐rmsulbg g ulg óobhg rug“, hfl ‐augs bermcgs ml `glmotçvm` mstgaf am hfosmrvgåèf m ul tmgtrf gigoafogaf“. Hrbgoågs ougs, vmstboaf gpmogs sgpgtfs hfrrbgl g`merms. Mrgl g`dfrrbgafs. Mstgr hg`ågaf mrg sìlif`f am `bimragam. [m`gs cgom`gs am hgsbongs am tgbpg, m`m vbg pmssfgs afrlboaf fu lu`nmrms dgirbhgoaf rmoags. Ofs grlgzâos bosbeobdbhgotms, fs lmslfs prfautfs3 pmbxm sg`egaf m hgrom-smhg. Fs prbohbpgbs prfautfs am mxpfrtgåèf ag prfvìohbg mrgl gåóhgr, g`efaèf, hfurf, pgu-irgsb` m pgu-rfsg. Of botmrbfr, foam lfrgvgl fs cç hfonmhbafs hgigofs, gs lgtgs girbegvgl g abmtg m fdmrmhbgl giuoaéohbg am drutgs hflf hgrfç, hgtf`â, furbhurb, glgrgbg, pboafig, tuhul, cgiutbhgig, efbgig, lgoegig. Ogs vçrzmgs m ofs lgoeumzgbs, hgågvgl-sm gvms hflf fs hgrýms m gs cgågoès. [frhfs-af-lgtf, tgtus, pghgs, hftbgs dfromhbgl gs prftmìogs. Fs lfrgafrms am ‐`uegrms“, oflm qum sm agvg gfs pmqumofs sìtbfs, p`gotgvgl lgoabfhg, dmbcèf, glmoafbl m hgog. Mssg ó`tblg mrg lfìag of ‐moemonf am ul smonfr“ ags vbzbongoågs, g quml sm ambxgvg, hflf pgeg, ulg pgrtm af gåóhgr prfauzbaf. Ofs afhulmotfs, sèf hfluos gs mxprmssýms ‐p`gotgr pgrg hflmr“, ‐p`gotgr pgrg sug sustmotgåèf“, ‐p`gotgr pgrg smu pgssgr“ pgrg amsbeogr g gtbvbagam moxgag pgrg sfirmvbvmr. sfirmvbvmrags . dglì`bgs ml qum hrbgoågs m gau`tfs pmegvgl og

 

Xg`vgafr,, Ignbg, of boìhbf af Xg`vgafr  Blpârbf. CGHFQQMQ, @fubs-Cu`bmo. Nfspbhm @fubs-Cu`bmo. Nfspbhm am O. X. ag [buagam g Ignbg. Z7>8=\. Ignbg. Z7>8=\. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 Y]EMOAGX, CFNGOO LFYBQS. TBGEML   [BQFYMXHG GQYGTÂX GQYGTÂX AF IYGXB@. ZEYGT]YG 5=\.

Ampfbs, Jbaamr mligrhfu pgrg [mrogliuhf. Firbegaf g gohfrgr dfrg afs grrmhbdms, dfb `mvgaf pgrg g hbagam oulg pmqumog mligrhgåèf. G hbagam `nm pgrmhmu sboeu`gr, pfbs, gssmotgag gf oìvm` af lgr, vbstg am `foem, pgrmhbg mstgr lmreu`ngag ogs foags. Xmus prâabfs, lubtf lgbs g`tfs af qum fs qum vbrg ml futrgs hgpbtgbs, mrgl frbebogbs. Ml hflul hfl f Ybf am Cgombrf, g sucmbrg pfr tfag pgrtm. Xø g hnuvg `gvgvg gs rugs. Mrg pfr lb`germ qum gs mpbamlbgs oèf sm g`gstrgvgl lgbs m lgbs dfrtms. Oulg pbtfrmshg m`mvgåèf, mreubg-sm F`boag, g gotbeg hgpbtg`. Omssg âpfhg, grrubogag, sugs hgsgs mxbibgl cgom`gs pgrtbags: pm`gs rugs, hrbgoågs irbohgvgl ougs. Fs iftmqubos girbegvgl ‐fhbfsfs“. G rbqumzg ag hbagam dfrg prmcuabhgag pfr ul pfrtf am abdìhb` ghmssf, qum oèf dgvfrmhbg f mshfglmotf am lmrhgafrbgs. Xø qum,

 

bostg`gafs ml Ymhbdm, fs ‐lgshgtms“, trgtgafs hfl amsprmzf pm`fs smonfrms am moemonf am F`boag, `mvgrgl g lm`nfr. Hfohmotrgvgl f hflârhbf m f abonmbrf.  G `bvrm `bvrm hbrhu`gåèf am goblgbs tfrogvg tfrogvg gs hbagams bluoags. XHN@G[[YBS, @uìs. Yug @uìs. Yug ag Hruz. Hruz. Z7>48-7>4>\. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. Qmrhmbrg hgpbtg` af Irgsb`, Ymhbdm tbong, motèf, amzmssmtm bermcgs m hgpm`gs, afbs lfstmbrfs, trãs rmhf`nblmotfs, smbs nfspbtgbs, motrm pgrtbhu`grms m pói`bhfs, ul tmgtrf, f pg`çhbf af efvmrof, g g`déoameg, g hgambg, grsmogbs ag Lgrbong m trãs qugrtâbs lb`btgrms. Cç ngvbg ul `bhmu, augs mshf`gs am `gtbl m smtm prblçrbgs. [rm`fs egrgotbgl g hbrhu`gåèf am trãs cfrogbs abçrbfs m am trãs pmrbøabhfs. G Ibi`bftmhg [ói`bhg blprmssbfogvg3 abspuong am 7; lb` vf`ulms, g lgbfrbg ml drgohãs, g`âl am lgoushrbtfs vg`bfsfs. Gpmsgr ag im`mzg ogturg`, gs rugs mrgl tèf sucgs m lg`hnmbrfsgs qugotf gs qum Jbaamr pmrhfrrmrg ml Xg`vgafr. M`m ghnfu tmlpf am br gf lfrrf am Xgotf Gotñobf, vbsbtgr ul mstgim`mhblmotf am hgåg ë ig`mbg. ]l amssms ebegotmshfs hmtçhmfs ngvbg sbaf hgpturgaf og vâspmrg m cgzbg og prgbg, hfrtgaf ml pmagåfs. Futrf ghgigvg am smr grpfgaf m mrg rmifhgaf pfr trãs mligrhgåýms. F afof ag hgsg oèf sm dmz am rfegaf3 lfstrfu fs gpgrm`nfs pgrg mxtrgbr f ø`mf af lglìdmrf m sm egifu am sug qug`bagam. ‐Lm`nfr af qum f glmrbhgof!“ Hâtbhf, f pgstfr goftfu qum, lmslf qum f glmrbhgof oèf tbvmssm lgbs`fhg`bzgags lârbtfs, tbong f am smr prmpgrgaf ml g`tf-lgr oèfabtgs ogs ‐grlgåýms“ ogs blmabgåýms am ulg hbagam pfpu`fsg.mOgs grlgåýms, g efraurg fu ergxg af hmtçhmf hfotbougvg g smr mxtrgìag pfr mshrgvfs, ml moemonfs am ‐drbebr“ m, ampfbs am hfgag, smrvbg pgrg g b`ulbogåèf am moemonfs, hgsgs m bermcgs, pgrg dgzmr vm`gs, sgièf fu, lbsturgag ë greglgssg, pgrg `mvgotgr pgrmams.

 

Xurprmmoamu-f f dgtf am ml Ymhbdm oèf ngvmr lu`gs fu hgvg`fs pm`g hbagam. Ml hflpmosgåèf, f amsdb`m am pfrhfs m hgirgs mrg pmrlgomotm. Gs mstrgags ë vf`tg ag hbagam gprmsmotgvgl-sm nfrrbvm`lmotm msiurghgags, m fs pmamstrms mrgl firbegafs g vgamgr vga mgr hngrhfs pgrg pfamr pgssgr. ‐Ome`beãohbg“  ‘ brrbtgvg-sm f glmrbhgof! Ml [flig`, hfotuaf ‘ foam Jbaamr dfb vbsbtgr f tfaf-pfamrfsf mxprmsbamotm ag prfvìohbg m mx-lbobstrf Drgohbshf am [gu`g Hgvg`hgotb a‒G`iuqumrqum ‘, sfirgafs mofrlms m prftmebafs pfr tfrrms, ‐gf mstb`f am vm`nfs hgstm`fs dmuagbs ag Murfpg“, f blprmssbfogrgl. [grg hnmegr ë hgsg af smonfr am moemonf m igrèf am Xugssuog, pmrhfrrmu ‐ulg msp`ãoabag mstrgag gtmrrgag, am hfostruåèf rmhmotm“ motrm hgogvbgbs mxuimrgotms. Tg`m `mlirgr qum gs hbagams hflmågrgl g gtrgbr lgbs m lgbs fs db`nfs afs dgzmoambrfs fu smonfrms am moemonf b`ustrms. G`euos smonfrms cç sm lfstrgvgl mslgegafs pfr nbpftmhgs fu aìvbags, mohfotrgoaf rmspg`af oul db`nf fu emorf qum smrbg ‐lmrhgafr am sfirgaf“ fu duohbfoçrbf pói`bhf.

 

Ymebstrgvgl-sm tgliâl hg`ftms ogs rmlmssgs am gåóhgr fu hgdâ. Of gåóhgr, qumbxgvg-sm, ml 7>88, Drmamrbhf Iur`glgqub, rmdmrboaf-sm g smonfrms am moemonf vm`nghfs, ‐lbsturgl-`nm abvmrsgs qug`bagams bodmrbfrms g g`eulg tmrrg fu grmbg m vmoaml-of hflf am qug`bagam supmrbfr“. Qrgosdmrbgl-sm  cuotf hfl fs db`nfs g`euos ‐lfafs am dgzmr“ f sgièf, sgi èf, gs vm`gs, f pgof, qum qu m gotms sm prfauzbgl ogs dgzmoags m gefrg egongvgl dgirbqumtgs. Ymhbdm ‘ hflf ghfotmhmu hfl futrgs hbagams af Blpârbf ‘ oèf dfb gtboebag pfr luagoågs hflf sm â pmef pfr ul rgbf. F glibmotm, gs prçtbhgs m smosgåýms rurgbs hfotbougvgl lmslf amotrf afs sfirgafs urigofs. @mlirg iml Eb`imrtf Drmyrm qum3 Z…\ mrg gotms rurigof af qum urigof, hfl igonfs am rbf amotrf ag prøprbg hbagam ‘ lmobofs m lf`mqums ous fstmotgoaf sug ouamz gf pâ ags prøprbgs pfotms m`megotms: hfl gs hgofgs trgzmoaf ës hbagams vg`frms rurgbs gboag drmshfs ags sugs tmrrgs am frbeml: hfl lgtutfs m smrtgomcfs goagoaf pm`gs rugs lgbs b`ustrms am hglbsgs pgrg dfrg ags hg`ågs, tgoemoaf hgvg`fs fu culmotfs hgrrmegafs am g`efaèf, lm`gohbgs, lm` am moemonf. Ës vmzms, rfagoaf pm`gs lmslgs rugs ml hgrrfs am ifb. Xø gfs pfuhfs g hbagam sm dmhngrbg am tfaf g mssgs hfostgotms botrusýms am emotm m goblgbs rurgbs qum gtâ f dbl af sâhu`f ^B^ `nm amrgl gspmhtf am g`ambg ergoam, sucmbtg ë bod`uãohbg af lmbf m afs vg`frms rurgbs.

Gf hnmegr ë [grgìig, Jbaamrqum goafu cgoegag, afrlbumml rmam, vbu gsf supfstgs pmegags am Xèf Qflâ, tmrbgamvbsbtgaf f Irgsb`, ghflpgonfu amsmligrqum am gdrbhgofs am ul ogvbf omermbrf. [grg smu nfrrfr m surprmsg, f hgpbtèf m fs nflmos ag trbpu`gåèf mrgl omerfs `bvrms. Hflpgrfu gs tmrrgs pgrgbigogs ës pgu`bstgs m rmebstrfu qum g`efaèf m gåóhgr mrgl gs prbohbpgbs lmrhgafrbgs am mxpfrtgåèf. Fs hgogvbgbs, prøxblfs ë hfstg, mvbtgvgl amspmsgs am trgospfrtm. Ygpgaurg m hghngåg, fismrvfu, mrgl suiprfautfs am ergoam prfhurg. G ifraf ag drgegtg  Lgrgonmosm  Lgrgonmosm,, Jbaamr iframcfu gs hfstgs af Ybf Ergoam af Ofrtm, prfautfrgs af lm`nfr pgu-irgsb` m am ergoam vgrbmagam am p`gotgs lmabhbogbs. Gprfvmbtfu f h`blg sguaçvm` m amsmligrhfu ml af Ogtg`, ‐g hgpbtg` ag prfvìohbg ‘ igstgotm gotbeg m pmqumog“ ‘ ë lgreml rbf

 

[ftmocb hucf hursf smpgrgvg mssg prfvìohbg af Hmgrç. Goftfu qum f hflârhbf mrg bosbeobdbhgotm, gpmsgr ag prfauåèf am gåóhgr, grrfz m g`efaèf. Ampfbs, afirfu f hgif Xèf Yfqum m hnmefu g Dfrtg`mzg, gssbl hnglgag ml duoåèf am ul vm`nf dfrtm, hmrhgaf am hnfupgogs. Galbrfu g `boag igìg, fs hfqumbrfs, ‐lftbvf froglmotg` am tfags gs pgbsgemos oframstbogs“, m dfb am pgabf`g gtâ ë hbagam. [gabf`g6 Xbl, ulg hgambrg prmsg g augs trgvms am lgambrg, am dfrlg g smr trgospfrtgag sfirm fs flirfs am qugtrf nflmos3 Fs hgrrmegafrms amssm vmìhu`f sboeu`gr prmhbsgl tmr g lmslg g`turg: of emrg`, sèf lubtf g`tfs m am hflp`mbåèf gt`âtbhg. Tblfs qugtrf am`ms qum hglbongvgl ml abrmåèf gf igrhf, pgrg ofs hfoauzbr ë prgbg sml f lmofr rmhmbf am gebtgåèf af lgr. Am vmz ml qugoaf, ulg foag lgbs dfrtm hfirbg-`nms g hgimåg, mshfoamoaf-gs, lflmotgomglmotm. Omssg fhgsbèf, m`ms pgrgvgl m, qugoaf g foag pgssgvg, hfotbougvgl g lgrhng. Xmotgaf iml ghblg am sugs hgimågs m smotboaf ifrrbdfs am çeug, f glmrbhgof hnmefu ë prgbg m hglbonfu gtâ g hbagam. Grmbg, grmbg m lgbs grmbg. G hbagam sm mreubg sfirm m`g. Xm lubtf qumotm, qumblgvg fs pâs. [grg hglbongr, bohflfagvg. Hgrrfs am ifb gtf`gvgl. Tmotgvg lubtf m motrgvg grmbg ofs f`nfs. Gs tmlpmstgams pgrmhbgl ‐gs omvgshgs af nmlbsdârbf smtmotrbfog` hfl sugs grmbgs g`vghmotgs“. Xfirm mssgs lmslgs grmbgs, futrf vbgcgotm, f drgohãs Ibgra vmrbg hglbongr, pgrg oèf. `ç m Gpgrg hç, ogag lmofs affsqum hglm`fs. Ghnfu am`brgvg. Lgs, amhbsèf am gh`blgtgr mxøtbhfs goblgbs dfb qum af efvmrof blpmrbg` qum lgoafu iushç-`fs ml Grem`. Hgusgoaf suhmssf ogs rugs, hfl smus ‐pgcmos gdrbhgofs trgcgafs am g`ifrofz“, fs pghìdbhfs lglìdmrfs sø qumrbgl sgimr am hflmr gs df`ngs tmorgs ags hgroguimbrgs. F movbf afs ibhnfs pgrg f botmrbfr amu, pfrâl, `uegr g mpbsøabfs botmrmssgotms. Gf vã-`fs, fs hgvg`fs afs lgtutfs amsmlimstgvgl, lu`gs m culmotfs afs hflifbfs duebgl mspgvfrbafs, hrbgoågs imrrgvgl gssflirgags, m gs lu`nmrms mshfoabgl-sm. Fs nflmos sm puongl ml eugrag, rmhmgoaf qum fs rulbogotms dfssml dmrgs, m gs ifbgags mstfurgvgl. Mrg ul Amus ofs ghuag! Aurgrgl pfuhf, pgrg trbstmzg am hmrtf smonfr Ybhngra au Hgotg`, vbhm-

 

prmsbamotm ag Xfhbâtâ Drgoågbsm a‒Ghh`blgtgtbfo, rmspfosçvm` pm`g vbgeml afs hglm`fs. Of Hmgrç, Jbaamr sm blprmssbfofu hfl f p`gof ag hbagam am Dfrtg`mzg hfl gvmobags `gregs m prgågs glp`gs. Xug óobhg bermcg mrg g am Ofssg Xmonfrg afs Ymlâabfs. Lgs, omssm grmg`, ulg rbqumzg3 f egaf. ]l egaf rmsbstmotm m am hgrom sgifrfsg, qum mrg vmoabaf ofs lmrhgafs af Ymhbdm m ag Ignbg. Dmbtf hngrqum, mrg hfonmhbaf hflf ‐hgrom af smrtèf“. Futrgs rbqumzgs, hflf g lm`gohbg ml qugotbagam prfabebfsg m g hgroguimbrg, qum agvg gf smrtgomcf g`blmotf, girbef m rfupg. F hgu`m fdmrmhbg hfliustìvm`, g lgambrg `mvgotgvg hfostruåýms, f pg`lbtf g`blmotgvg: ag d`fr, dgzbg-sm tmhbaf: gs df`ngs hfirbgl gs hgsgs: g pgrtbr ags rgìzms, blprfvbsgvgl-sm rmlâabfs. Ìoabfs lfrgvgl ogs vbzbongoågs afs vb`grmcfs. Xmeuoaf Jbaamr, mrg `glmotçvm` ‐f mstgaf am amergagåèf ml qum vbvbgl“. Gpmsgr afs rm`gtørbfs afs prmsbamotms am prfvìohbg ës gutfrbagams og hfrtm, ogag sm dgzbg ‐am pfsbtbvf pgrg lm`nfrgr sug hfoabåèf m bostruì-`fs“. Hnuvgs m smhgs tmrrìvmbs sm g`tmrogvgl pgrg bodmrobzgr g rmebèf. G bogobåèf amvgstgvg gs pfpu`gåýms qum iushgvgl girbef ogs vb`gs `btfréomgs3 ‐Hmotmogs am rmtbrgotms lfrrbgl ml vbgeml m smus hfrpfs amshgrogafs, gigoafogafs og grmbg, oml smqumr mlpmstgvgl f gr fu smrvbgl am pgstf gfs vmrlms, am tèf lbrrgafs m smhfs“. ]l h`mrf ‐beofrgotm, amprgvgaf m hfrruptf“, gssgssbogtfs, `utgs pgrtbaçrbgs glmgågvgl g framl pói`bhg. F pgstfr Jbaamr gboag tmvm g fpfrtuobagam am vmr og prgåg pói`bhg, f pgtìiu`f foam smbs mshrgvfs gdrbhgofs tbongl sbaf mxmhutgafs. Mrgl lgrbonmbrfs qum sm bosurebrgl, sm glftbogrgl m lgtgrgl f hgpbtèf, pgrtm ag trbpu`gåèf m g`euos pgssgembrfs af irbeum foam smrvbgl. F qum blprmssbfofu f glmrbhgof dfb f lâtfaf grhgbhf am modfrhglmotf3 hfl g hfrag gcustgag gf pmshfåf af hfoamogaf, f hgrrgshf f bågvg, m sm pmoaurgvg ml smus flirfs. Hfbsg gotbeg! Mligrhgaf oul vgpfr, Jbaamr sm abrbebu gf [bguì, hucg çrmg hfstmbrg amshrmvmu hflf blmosgs p`gourgs bamgbs pgrg pgstgeml am rmigonfs ifvbofs. F p`gotbf ag lgoabfhg, af grrfz, af lb`nf, ag hgog-am-gåóhgr hflp`mtgvg gs gtbvbagams gerìhf`gs. Ës lgremos af Xèf Drgohbshf, ghulu`gvgl-sm ampøsbtfs am sg`. Xug lgobpu`gåèf mrg futrg dfotm am rmoag3 ampfbs afs pmrìfafs am hnuvg, g hrfstg mxtmrog ags rfhngs dbhgvg hfimrtg am hrbstgbs sg`bofs lbsturgafs g tmrrg m df`ngs. Ygspgaf hfl df`ngs am pg`lmbrg, fergoams prfautfeglm`gs vf`tgvgfu g smr mlmstbhgaf çeug. G sfirm smeubr,qugtrf mrg mxpfstf sf` ml mlmoxgeugaf hfurf am ifb mstghgs.gfWugoaf

 

g tmrrg gssmotgvg gf duoaf, g sg`lfurg mrg pgssgag pgrg futrf rmhbpbmotm foam motèf sm hrbstg`bzgvg. Grtbef tèf lgbs prmhbfsf qugotf rgrf, f sg` ml lfotìhu`fs mrg vmoabaf g vbotm fu trbotg râbs, m fs h`bmotms vbongl am tfag g pgrtm g sug prfhurg. Lgs mrg tèf vg`bfsf qum lubtfs duohbfoçrbfs pói`bhfs m pgarms, ml rmebýms gdgstgags, rmhmibgl, hflf og Yflg Gotbeg, smu sg`çrbf ml sg`. Fmbrgs, hgpbtg` am = lb` ngibtgotms, sbtugvg-sm of botmrbfr. F igrèf am [grogìig, prmsbamotm pfr lubtfs gofs ag prfvìohbg af [bguì, qumbxgvg-sm, ml rm`gtørbfs, ag gusãohbg am prfdmssfrms m af gisf`utf lmofsprmzf ag pfpu`gåèf ë custbåg. Abvbabags ml hglpfs pf`ìtbhfs fpfstfs, gs gutfrbagams mrgl rmspfosçvmbs pfr hrblms içrigrfs, ‐hflmtbafs ml pói`bhf“, qum pmrlgomhbgl blpuoms. Fs omeøhbfs mh`msbçstbhfs abdbhb`lmotm pfamrbgl mstgr ml pbfrms hfoabåýms3 gs bermcgs mstgvgl ml ruìogs, pgrg fitmr fs pgpâbs pgrg f hgsglmotf tbong-sm am br gf Lgrgonèf. M gs dbogoågs ag prfvìohbg mstgvgl ml sbtugåèf hrìtbhg.

Tbgcgotm of [bguì.

 

OGHNQLGOO, Drgoz ^gvmr. ^gvmr. Gl Hfrhfvgaf, imb Ybf am Cgombrf. Cgombrf. 7>987>87. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 X[B^, CFNGOO IG[QBXQ TFO. GQ@GX S]YYMBXM BO IYGXB@BMO . ZEYGT]YG 91-G\.

Oèf sm sgim sm f pgstfr tmrbg fuvbaf ogs prgågs g emstg af egaf3 nbstørbgs lmabmvgbs hgotgags pfr vgqumbrfs gf sfl ag vbf`g, hflf ‐G igtg`ng am F`bvmbrfs hfl Dmrrgirçs“ fu ‐G lfrtm afs afzm pgrms am Drgoåg“, mxtrgìags af `bvrf am Hgr`fs Lgeof. F dgtf â qum, amsam smlprm, pm`f smrtèf fu ogs dmbrgs pfpu`grms qum goblgvgl gs hbagams oframstbogs, lmomstrâbs abvu`egvgl gs gvmoturgs am Ybhgraf Hfrgåèf am @mèf, nmrøb pfpu`gr, gssbl hflf nbstørbgs usug`lmotm dgotçstbhgs am ifbs lbstmrbfsfs m vgqumbrfs amstmlbafs. Xèf mstgaf. @uìs afG Lgrgonèf, hnmefu abgs ampfbs, mstgvg lm`nfr hgpbtg` tbongfoam hmrhgJbaamr am 8; lb` g`lgs. Oulmrfsfs boe`msmsmlm drgohmsms g`b sm fhupgvgl am gtbvbagams hflmrhbgbs. Gs hgsgs `nm pgrmhmrgl `blpgs m ifobtgs. Ml pmarg m hg`, tgbpg fu sfqum, tbongl gpmogs ul goagr: f târrmf mrg gprfvmbtgaf pgrg f hflârhbf. Of pbsf supmrbfr, ig`hýms am dmrrf sm girbgl pgrg g rug m g drmshg ag ofbtm. G af hfrfom` Cfsâ Eflms am Xfuzg, prøspmrf p`gotgafr am g`efaèf, hnglgvg g gtmoåèf pm`gs firgs am hgotgrbg m fs gzu`mcfs hf`frbafs. Ogs çrmgs lgbs igbxgs m abstgotms af pfrtf, ml rugs hflf g af Gåfueum fu g afs Hfvýms, lmargvgl gs hgsgs am lmofr vg`fr, ‐fs qugrtfs am hgsg“ m gtâ hgsmirms, hfimrtfs hfl pboafig ‘ ul tbpf am pg`lmbrg tgbpg amtrãs vgrglfstmbrfs, ‘, am ‐gpgrãohbg nulb`am m trbstm“. Qrmzmmbermcgs, ul rmhf`nblmotf pgrg mauhgoags m smbs nfspbtgbs gtmoabgl ë pfpu`gåèf. Iml smrvbag am mshf`gs, Xèf @uìs hfotgvg hfl ul `bhmu, ulg mshf`g am `gtbl, augs mshf`gs prblçrbgs lgshu`bogs m augs dmlbobogs, qugtrf mshf`gs pgrtbhu`grms m ul smlboçrbf. Gs hgambrgs mosbogags mrgl smtm3 @gtbl m Ermef, Boe`ãs m Drgohãs, Nbstørbg m Emfergdbg, Ymtørbhg, Db`fsfdbg, Emflmtrbg m Amsmonf. Hmrtg Qbpfergdbg ag Qmlpmrgoåg, ul afs qugtrf prm`fs mxbstmotms og hbagam, blprblbg lubtgs pui`bhgåýms am abstrbiubåèf ergtubtg. Igongag pfr lubtfs rbfs, g prfvìohbg sm ghngvg hfimrtg pfr mxtmosgs d`frmstgs foam oèf dg`tgvgl lgambrgs hgrgs m p`gotgs lmabhbogbs. Igogogs m

 

gighgxbs mrgl giuoagotms, m g rbqumzg lbomrg` gboag oèf tbong sbaf mxp`frgag3 dmrrf, gotblñobf m hnulif afrlbgl sfi f sf`f. Ogs dgzmoags af botmrbfr, lu`tbp`bhgvgl-sm rmigonfs am hgrombrfs, f egaf ifvbof m hgvg`gr. Cç og hbagam, lgrhgs ag ‐rmvf`uåèf“ ‘ fu smcg, ag Ig`gbgag ‘ `mlirgvgl gs `utgs rmhmotms3 lubtfs sbogbs am tbrftmbf ogs pgrmams ags hgsgs: of motgotf, gpmsgr ag ‐bod`uãohbg amprblmotm“ afs tmstmluonfs am vbf`ãohbg, abvmrsfs mabdìhbfs mstgvgl smoaf hfostruìafs. Of Tgrgafurf, foam sm mstmoabg f lmrhgaf ml prgåg gimrtg, fs hflmrhbgotms sm rmuobgl pgrg mdmtugr trgosgåýms. Ergoams grlgzâos am g`efaèf, lubtfs hfl prmosgs pgrg modgraglmotf, am hfostruåèf róstbhg m lgoug`, dgzbgl Jbaamr botmrrfegr-sm sfirm ‐g d`gergotm gdrfotg gfs lm`nfrglmotfs ngvbafs ml futrfs pgìsms“. F Blpârbf mstgvg gtrgsgaf… Af Lgrgonèf pgrg f [grç, ogvmefu aurgotm trãs abgs. Abgotm ag ifhg af Glgzfogs, vbu g pfrfrfhg. F ‐ruìaf ag mohnmotm trmlmoag“ blprmssbfogvg g lb`ngs am abstéohbg3 ‐Mssgs lfotgongs am çeug mspgrrglgrgl-sm pfr tfaf f hgog`, `mvgoaf tuaf am rf`aèf m mslgegoaf qugotf mohfotrgl ml smu hglbonf3 çrvfrms blmosgs sèf pfr m`g vbf`motglmotm grrgohgags m ës vmzms grrgstgl pgrg g hfrrmotm i`fhfs botmbrfs am tmrrg“. F rbf trfhgvg am hfrms ë lmabag qum f igrhf gvgoågvg3 am vmram iml h`grf g glgrm`f sucf m igrrmotf. Xguagaf pm`f Dfrtm ag Igrrg, f pgqumtm gamotrfu g hurvg giruptg af rbf foam sm `fhg`bzg f pfrtf. Ag`b sm vbgl gs tfrrms ag hgtmarg`, af pg`çhbf m am abvmrsgs bermcgs am Im`âl. G`b, tgliâl, Jbaamr mohfotrgrbg g lgbfr hf`ñobg am glmrbhgofs of Irgsb`, hfl mxhmåèf ag hfrtm. Xmus hfotmrréomfs mstgvgl ë drmotm am gtbvbagams hflmrhbgbs m fdìhbfs lgougbs. Hfotfu f vbgcgotm3 G gpgrãohbg emrg` af [grç â lgbs fu lmofs g lmslg ag lgbfrbg ags hbagams irgsb`mbrgs m hgrghtmrbzg-sm pfr ul hfocuotf am pgrmams hgbgags m am tmtfs vmrlm`nfs. Gf trgågaf urigof oèf dg`tg oml rmeu`grbagam oml efstf. Qãl trãs prgågs pói`bhgs3 g af [g`çhbf, g af Wugrtm` m g af @gref ag [ø`vfrg. Gs rugs hmotrgbs oèf sèf `gregs oml pgvblmotgags: om`gs, vmml-sm oulmrfsgs hgsgs am ergoam pfrtm, lgs gs rugs lgbs gdgstgags mstèf rmp`mtgs am hgsbonf`gs bosbeobdbhgotms m dmbgs.

 

Gs lgrhgs ag rmvf`uåèf am 7>8=, g hfonmhbag Hgigogeml, mstgvgl ml tfag g pgrtm. G`b, tgliâl, m`m vbu hgsgs pfotb`ngags am ig`gs fu vgrgags pfr ig`gs am hgonèf. M f hfovmotf am Xgotf Gotñobf trgzbg lubtgs hbhgtrbzms af hgonfombf g qum dbhfu mxpfstf. ]l ergoam oólmrf am sf`agafs gqugrtm`gafs hbrhu`gvg pm`gs rugs, gssbl hflf cfvmos rmhrutgs. Ampfbs ags fbtf ag ofbtm, mrg blpfssìvm` goagr pm`gs rugs sml fuvbr3 ‐Wuml vml `ç6“ Ymspfstg3 ‐Â glbef…“ Yâp`bhg3 ‐[gssm gf `gref.“ H`grbos sfgvgl lmslf of lmbf ag ofbtm. Am qugoaf ml qugoaf, fuvbg-sm3 ‐Ës grlgs!“ Ymlgomshmotms am ul igtg`nèf am lmrhmoçrbfs g`mlèms gboag sm mohfotrgvgl og hbagam qugoaf Jbaamr pfr `ç pgssfu. Hnglfu-`nm g gtmoåèf g ‐gpgrãohbg pmhu`bgr af pfvf“. Motrm tgotfs rfstfs vbu ‐amsam f ìoabf purf gtâ gs lgbs vgrbgags dfrlgs am lmstbågeml hfl prmtfs m irgohfs“. Fs lmstbåfs, hflf cç fismrvgaf ml Lgtf Erfssf m Efbçs, aflbogvgl tfags gs pfsbåýms sfhbgbs3 gs grtms lgougbs, g Lgrbong, g lb`ìhbg, f sghmraøhbf m f mbtf. Hrbgoågs, nflmos m lu`nmrms am h`gssms nulb`ams g qug`qumr nfrg igongvgl-sm fu ogagvgl ogs çeugs af rbf. Ml tfrof ag [fotg ags [margs, dmrvbg f lmrhgaf. Am sugs hgofgs gtrghgags, ìoabfs omefhbgvgl, ofs abg`mtfs lgbs abvmrsfs, hgrrmeglmotfs am hgstgongsaf-pgrç, hghgu, iguob`ng, uruhul, sg`sgpgrrb`ng, hgom`g, tgpbfhg, iç`sglf am hfpgìig, pmbxm smhf ml pghftms, hmstgs am drutgs am bodbobtgs vgrbmagams, tgotf smhgs qugotf vmrams. Gvms hf`frbags hflf pgpgegbfs m grgrgs, lghghfs m hfirgs mrgl fdmrmhbafs suspmosfs ml vgrgs pgrg mvbtgr qum sm hf`gssml uos gfs futrfs.

 

Tbgemos3 g omhmssçrbg blprfvbsgåèf. DYÎYMX, Qnbmrry. Hglp ofhturom am vfygemurs.. 7>8=. vfygemurs IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 AMIYMQ, CMGO-IG[QBXQM. TFRGEM  [BQQFYMXW]M MQ NBXQFYBW]M NBXQFYBW]M G] IYÂXB@. QFLM AM]^BÎLM. [. 9>.

Mssg prfvìohbg, smeuoaf Jbaamr, hfotrbiuìg pgrg f hflârhbf botmroghbfog` hfl ulg vgrbmagam am prfautfs rmebfogbs lgbfr qum g am qug`qumr futrg. Grrfz, g`efaèf, hfurfs m gåóhgr mrgl prfauzbafs ml pmqumogs qugotbagams m pfr sbstmlgs trgabhbfogbs. Cç f hflârhbf ag eflg m`çstbhg, af hghgu, ag sg`sgpgrrb`ng, af hrgvf-ag-ìoabg m ag hgstgong-af-pgrç mrg mspmhbg`. Qmoaf gprmoabaf f usf ag eflg m`çstbhg hfl fs ìoabfs flçeug, qum am`g dgzbgl vgsb`ngs m smrboegs, fs hf`fobzgafrms prfauzbgl sgpgtfs, iftgs, rfupgs m hngpâus pgrg sm prftmemrml ags hnuvgs hfostgotms.

 

Mxtrgìag ag Xbpnb``g m`gstbhg, m`gstbhg, çrvfrm qum gtboem am 9= g 8; lmtrfs, g eflg mshfrrbg ampfbs am dmbtg ulg bohbsèf of trfohf. Ymhf`nbaf oulg tbem`g, f hrmlm glgrm`f m mspmssf mrg ampfbs trgosdmrbaf pgrg dfrlgs am igrrf of dmbtbf am egrrgdgs, irboqumafs mth. [grg g dgirbhgåèf am hg`ågafs, mrg amspmcgag ml lf`ams am lgambrg prblmbrglmotm dfrrgafs am igrrf pgrg qum sm puamssm rmtbrgr hfl dghb`bagam af sgpgtf. Ampfbs am suilmtbafs g dulbegåýms, hfl g dbog`bagam am smhgr g ifrrghng m mshurmhã-`g, fs sgpgtfs mrgl glgrrgafs gfs pgrms pgrg g vmoag. Mrgl mxpfrtgafs hmrhg am 8;; lb` pgrms am sgpgtfs pfr gof. Fs prbohìpbfs hfrgotms af uruhul, hfl qum fs ìoabfs pbotgvgl smus hfrpfs, gssbl hflf f hghgu, lgtârbg pgrg g dgirbhgåèf af hnfhf`gtm, cç mrgl beug`lmotm gprmhbgafs. G lgotmbeg mxtrgìag afs fvfs am tgrtgrueg, f hfurf af pmbxm-ifb m g hgstgong-af-pgrç, fu Irgzb` out , amspmrtgvgl f lgbfr botmrmssm. Lgbs ghblg, g dfrlbaçvm` Glgzñobg. Xmeuoaf f glmrbhgof ‐ulg rmebèf hflp`mtglmotm sm`vgeml. Abdbhb`lmotm hfotgvgl-sm hboqumotg hgsgs ml qugtrfhmotfs qub`ñlmtrfs. [fuhgs pfvfgåýms sm vbgl ë lgreml af rbf. G lgbfrbg ags vb`gs gssmotgvg-sm sfirm g lgreml am hursfs trbiutçrbfs m begrgpâs. Gs hgsgs ml emrg` sèf hfimrtgs am sgpâ m amsprfvbags am sfg`nf“. M m`m hfoh`uìg3 Gpmsgr ags im`gs tmfrbgs gvmotgags hfl rm`gåèf ë ogvmegåèf g vgpfr of Glgzfogs m smus trbiutçrbfs, gtâ nfcm ogag sm dmz qum lmrmåg rmebstrf Z…\ f Qfhgotbos, f ^boeu, f Qgpgcøs, f Lgambrg m f Omerf Z…\ tfafs mssms rbfs igongl f sf`f lgbs rbhf m hfrtgl g vmemtgåèf lgbs `uxurbgotm am tfag g tmrrg. Motrmtgotf, pgrmhml dgagafs g hfrrmr ml pgz gboag pfr lubtf tmlpf, sml qum ogag grrmpbm smus `foefs afrsfs `ìqubafs g oèf smr ulg fu futrg lfotgrbg sf`btçrbg. Am vf`tg ë hgpbtg` af Blpârbf, Jbaamr tmvm tmlpf am rmebstrgr g gimrturg afs trgig`nfs ag Gssmli`mbg pm`f cfvml blpmrgafr. G hfbohbaãohbg amssm gtf hfl gs dmstgs am dbog` am gof dmz hfl qum gs hmrblñobgs sm rmvmstbssml am ul irb`nf dfrg af hflul. Greutf fismrvgafr, f pgstfr rmebstrfu qum, gpmsgr ag prmsmoåg am a. [marf BB, g vbag pf`ìtbhg of Irgsb` hfotgvg hfl ‐pgrtbafs pf`ìtbhfs qum oèf mrgl mxgtglmotm pgrtbafs“, gpmogs, dghåýms sml

 

prferglg fu ficmtbvf amdbobaf. Gs sblpgtbgs m gotbpgtbgs pmssfgbs â qum amdbobgl fs ficmtbvfs afs afbs `gafs3 hfosmrvgafrms fu `bimrgbs. Agobm` [grbsn Jbaamr ambxfu f Irgsb`, ml 7>19, ampfbs am motmrrgr of iuhø`bhf Hmlbtârbf afs Boe`msms, ës lgremos ag igìg am Eugogigrg, sug cfvml mspfsg Hbotnbg, am gpmogs 99 gofs. Ofs Mstgafs ]obafs, tmvm blpfrtgotm gtugåèf hflf pgstfr m smhrmtçrbf ags mshf`gs aflbobhgbs lmtfabstgs. Mabtfu hmotmogs am `bvrfs, duoafu ulg pui`bhgåèf ‘ f Xuoagy Xhnff` Gavfhgtm ‘ Gavfhgtm ‘ m mosbofu tmf`febg prçtbhg of Egrrmtt Ibi`bhg` Bostbtutm m og Armw Qnmf`febhg` Xhnff`. Ml 7>>;, hfl g sgóam iml gig`gag, dfb rmsbabr ml Mvgostfo, hbagamzbong prøxblg g Hnbhgef, foam dg`mhmu ml 92 am cu`nf am 7>27, ambxgoaf vbóvg Ngrrbmt Xlbtn, hfl quml sm hgsgrg, pm`g smeuoag vmz, ml 7>19.

 

 

F

s gofs 7>1; m 7>=; dfrgl am trgosbåèf. Lfamrobzgvgl-sm gs tâhobhgs am trgospfrtm. Fs pg`goqubos m hgambrbongs tbongl sm tfrogaf ul grhgìslf, suistbtuìafs pfr hgrrugemos murfpmbgs. Ml 7>88, f aboglgrquãs Cfèf

@uaf`df Yônm duoafu sug ‐dçirbhg am hgrrfs“. Lgbs `bembrfs, fs [ngmtfo, Eub`nmrlm Qb`iury m Tbhtfrbgs pgssgrgl g hbrhu`gr hfl hfhnmbrfs dgragafs. Xmeuoaf Emfrem Egraomr, Egraomr, am pgssgeml pm`f Oframstm motrm 7>84 m 7>173 ‐F ergoam amsmcf afs ngibtgotms pgrmhbg f am sm agr grms murfpmus“. Bssf ghfotmhbg ml pgrtm pm`f bod`uxf am blbergotms, lgs tgliâl pfrqum ifl oólmrf am irgsb`mbrfs hflmågvg g vbsbtgr g Murfpg, lubtfs pgrg mstuagr. @foem bgl fs tmlpfs ml qum gs irgsb`mbrgs sgìgl ës rugs am lgotb`ng, mshfoamoaf f rfstf, m fs nflmos pfrtgvgl hngpâus grlgafs m dbvm`gs ofs sgpgtfs. Og hfrtm, g rug af Fuvbafr mstgvg fhupgag pm`f hflârhbf am `uxf, ml `fcgsml m`megotmlmotm hfl mofrlms fs qumlósbhg, Egraomrf vbg @foarms. ‐Â amhfrgags g Ymemot Xtrmmt af Ybf“,mspm`nfs, hfoh`uìg.hflf [grg dgzmr pbgof tflgrg f `uegr ag vbf`g, qum gefrg sø sm fuvbg of botmrbfr ags prfvìohbgs. M mshf`gs m botmrogtfs pgrg cfvmos hflmågvgl g sm bostg`gr. F pfrtf am Xgotfs, pfr sug vmz, dgzbg smeubr pgrg Xèf [gu`f m Cuoabgì, pfr vbg dmrrfvbçrbg f g`efaèf, f dmrrf m f gåf, lgs tgliâl, hnfhf`gtms, ibshfbtfs ml `gtg, çeugs lbomrgbs, `bhfrms, pgtã am dfbm ergs, ergs, m tfaf f tbpf am hfosmrvg mstrgoembrg. Hfl g rmeu`glmotgåèf ag blpfrtgåèf, lu`tbp`bhgvgl-sm utmosì`bfs aflâstbhfs, vg`frbzgvgl-sm ficmtfs ótmbs m boótmbs m hrmshbg f nfrrfr gf vgzbf. Af pbhgafr am hgrom gf lfbonf am hgdâ, ags prblmbrgs rfags am ifrrghng gfs hgrrfs am ifb, af lfib`bçrbf boe`ãs gf drgohãs, af usf am igonmbrgs ës mshgrrgambrgs amhfrgags ‘ g bovgsèf sm dgzbg pmrlgomotm. Xbl, g hbagam mrg ‐ul hmotrf abvmrsbdbhgaf“. Mstrgoembrfs am prfhmaãohbg m fdìhbfs abvmrsfs ‘ lgrhmombrfs, hgim`mbrmbrfs, quìlbhfs, duob`mbrfs, dmrrmbrfs, lfabstgs, dgirbhgotms am qumbcf ‘ mstgim`mhbgl sugs fdbhbogs, duoabåýms m `fcgs og hfrtm m ogs hgpbtgbs blpfrtgotms. F hflârhbf sm glp`bgvg. Gefrg, oèf lgbs hfl [frtueg` fu sugs hf`ñobgs. Lgs hfl g Murfpg. F irgsb`mbrf sm qumrbg boe`ãs fu drgohãs. Afs boe`msms, amsmcgvg fs grtbefs ag Ymvf`uåèf Boaustrbg` vmoabafs og rug ag G`déoameg fu afs [mshgafrms3 prfautfs am vbarf, hfirm, `è, dmrrf, sgpgtfs, rfupgs, hf`hnýms m gtâ hgbxýmzbonfs cç modmbtgafs pgrg motmrrgr hrbgoågs. Afs drgohmsms, gs lfags m fs lfafs mxbibafs og rug af Fuvbafr. Amssm abç`fef am hu`turgs hfl f Irgsb`, ogshbgl f Lbstmr f Lbstmr m  m g Lgaglm g Lgaglm..

 

Ergoams hgregs am pgofs, løvmbs, `fuågs m grtbefs am `uxf bouoagrgl fs pfrtfs af Irgsb`, tèf `fef g Drgoåg pñam hflpmtbr hfl g Boe`gtmrrg og hfoqubstg af lmrhgaf irgsb`mbrf. Dçhb`6 Ogag abssf. Hmrtf amspghngotm drgohãs, Mafugra Eg``îs, oul fpóshu`f mshrbtf ml 7>9>, `mlirgvg fs vmxglms g`dgoameçrbfs, fs egstfs mxfribtgotms qum pfabgl smr mvbtgafs, fs gtrgsfs, gs fpmrgåýms amsgstrfsgs qum firbegvgl mxpfrtgafrms g vmoamr sug lmrhgafrbg hfl prmcuìzf. ]lg abdmrmoåg am hfr og lmrhgafrbg pfabg hfoamogr ul hflmrhbgotm lg` bodfrlgaf. Hmrtfs grtbefs ótmbs agvgl prmcuìzf, moqugotf pmqumogs boutb`bagams, ficmtfs am dgotgsbg, ibcutmrbgs, pmrlbtbgl qugarup`bhgr f `uhrf. F amshfonmhblmotf sfirm gs pfpu`gåýms qum prmtmoabgl gigstmhmr mrg tftg`. Hflf Eg``îs lmslf rmebstrfu, ‐pgrmhbg qum sm vfegvg pgrg f amshfirblmotf af Irgsb`, af qug`, gtâ motèf, sø vgeglmotm sm tbong fuvbaf dg`gr“. G gvmoturg amssgs fpmrgåýms trgosfhméobhgs cuotgvg lubtgs vmzms boabvìaufs amsgcustgafs ë ofvg framl mhfoñlbhg og Murfpg m gosbfsfs pfr rmhflpfr sugs vbags oul luoaf amshfonmhbaf. M dfb custglmotm pfr hfotg amssm amsframogaf ‐trçdbhf“ qum fs ngibtgotms af pgìs motrgrgl ml hfotgtf hfl g óobhg boaóstrbg qum hflpmtbg hfl g boe`msg3 g boaóstrbg af `uxf. @fubs am Drmyhbomt, hflgoagotm ag hfrvmtg ]rgobm ]rgobm,, qum gpfrtfu of Ybf ml 7>75, dfb afs prblmbrfs g fismrvgr qum ‐f efstf af `uxf“ ‘ og dfrlg am `ustrms, pbgofs, løvmbs dbofs m hgoam`girfs ‘ hflmågvg g sm abssmlbogr. Amz gofs ampfbs, cfrogbs pgrbsbmosms hflmlfrgvgl f hrmshblmotf af hflârhbf drgohãs. F drgohãs Gaf`pnm a‒Gssbmr of smu  @m Irâsb` Hfotmlpfrgbo ‘ rghms, lfmurs, bostbtutbfos mt pgysgems, pgysgems, pui`bhgaf ml 7>45, tmvm, motrmtgotf, pg`gvrgs aurgs sfirm lfags g`âl-lgr3 ‐Oèf ghrmabtglfs qum mssm mxbstglflmotf ofs gogbsam afbovgsèf hflârhbfags ulg âpfhgamfoam g dmirm af egonf tmong sm bostg`gaf am ulg lgombrg tèf mshgoag`fsg.“ Ofs gofs 7>8;, futrf fismrvgafr egu`ãs, Dmrabogoa Amobs, mxp`bhgvg qum f Blpârbf prfhurgvg mshgpgr af ‐lgu efstf“ pfrtueuãs fu afs ficmtfs dmbtfs ml hgsg, pfr lèfs am lu`gtfs m omerfs, pgrg gaqubrbr f qum dfssm ‐dgirbhgaf“ ml `fcg, fdbhbog fu `gifrgtørbf murfpmu, pfr lèfs mstrgoembrgs. ‐Gs g`bgoågs am hfirm fu zbohf dfrgl vmoabags pfr furf Z…\, f hfirm irgohf ag G`mlgong pgssgvg pfr prgtg“, mshgoag`bzgvg-sm Hngr`ms Mxpb``y, gutfr am ul `bvrf sfirm gs lu`nmrms irgsb`mbrgs, of qug` fismrvfu qum vmstbafs af tmlpf af Abrmtørbf, dfrg am lfag nç amzmogs am gofs, mrgl gqub hflf smbosø`btf dfssmlamf amrobmr hrb. [urg hrb. lbstbdbhgåèf hflmrhbg`! Xmlgaqubrbafs hfotgr f amstbof

 

hmrtgs lmrhgafrbgs blpfrtgags. Ml Im`âl af [grç, f pbotfr drgohãs Drgoåfbs-Gueustm Ibgra sm abvmrtbu gf vmr tgighgrbgs vmoamoaf sgpgtfs m eugrag-hnuvgs. Fu sgpgtmbrfs vmoamoaf `bhfrms, mspmhbg`lmotm g rmoflgag Hngrtrmusm.. Ml iushg am ulg hgomtg, fdmrmhbgl-`nm, ml trfhg, `gohmtgs! Hngrtrmusm

 Ogs rugs m prgågs, g lfag mrg mrg smr murfpmu. LGYQBOMQ, G`drma. LGYQBOMQ, G `drma. F [gssmbf  [ói`bhf.. 7>15.  [ói`bhf IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 F IYGXB@ [BQFYMXHF, NBXQØYBHF M  LFO]LMOQG@  LFO]LMOQ G@. ZEYGT]YG 8\.

G`âlg`dgoameçrbfs, af lgbs, mrg prmhbsf igtmr g Erè-Irmtgong qum, g`âl efzgr dgvfrms tbong bostg`gaf of pgìs mlprmsgs qum am mxtrgìgl

 

‐tmsfurfs bohg`hu`çvmbs“ af sf`f irgsb`mbrf m pfssuìgl gtâ cubz ë pgrtm pgrg  cu`egr bodrgåýms hflmtbags pfr sóabtfs irbtéobhfs. Lgs g rm`gåèf mrg gotbeg. Dbrlgs, ogvbfs qum `begvgl f Irgsb` g futrfs pgìsms, iml hflf lb`ngrms am grtbefs g`blmotgvgl g bod`uãohbg irbtéobhg amsam f Qrgtgaf am Lmtnumo, dbrlgaf hfl [frtueg`, ml 75;8.  Ybf am Cgombrf Cgombrf trgosdfrlg-sm oulg ergoam hbagam. G]IY]O, @fubs. [gofrglg @fubs. [gofrglg ag hbagam am Ybf am Cgombrf Cgombrf.. Z7>=1\. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\.

 

M, amsam motèf, f vm`nf trgåf am uobèf motrm gs augs lfogrqubgs dfb f  pffr Cfno  Cfno  ‘ f pfirm Cfèf ‘ fu ighg`ngu smhf, vboaf af lgr af Ofrtm. F hfosulf af pmbxm vmbf g hg`ngr. Hfohb`bgvg fs prmhmbtfs rm`bebfsfs ml tfrof afs abgs am gistboãohbg am hgrom, hfl f dgtf am smr gaqubrbaf g prmåf igbxf m tmr `foeg hfosmrvgåèf. Fs smonfrms am moemonf hnmegrgl g pmabr gfs ibspfs qum gulmotgssml fs abgs am gistboãohbg am hgrom, pgrg rmsf`vmr f prfi`mlg am g`blmotgåèf afs smus mshrgvfs hfl ‐f pfirm Cfèf“. Qgliâl g pfpu`gåèf hgrmotm pfabg g`tmrogr hgrom-smhg hfl dgrbong, m ighg`ngu hfl pbrèf fu dgrfdg. Xmu hnmbrf hgrghtmrìstbhf bovgabg fs pfrtfs am Ymhbdm, Lgrgonèf m Ybf am Cgombrf, moqugotf mligrhgåýms boe`msgs amshgrrmegvgl gs igrrbhgs rmhnmgags. G`âl af ighg`ngu, g Boe`gtmrrg mxpfrtgvg f dmrrf qum, amsam f dbl af sâhu`f ^TBBB, prfauzbg ml lgbfr qugotbagam m g prmåfs lgbs igbxfs qum fs am qug`qumr futrf pgìs. M`m hnmegvg ml dfrlg am vgrgoags, bostrulmotfs gerìhf`gs m lçqubogs boaustrbgbs. Am `ç tgliâl vmbf f vbarf, qum b`ulbofu h`grgifbgs, pfrtgs m cgom`gs ags hgsgs, gotms prftmebags pfr em`fsbgs m luxgrgibãs. Lgs vmbf tgliâl f vbarf fraboçrbf am hfpfs, hç`bhms, egrrgdgs m pftms, qum suistbtuìrgl fs utmosì`bfs dmbtfs am mstgonf m igrrf ogs hgsgs irgsb`mbrgs. Gs smags m hmtbos af Frbmotm dfrgl trfhgafs pm`f g`efaèf boe`ãs, m f trbhørobf, pm`g hgrtf`g. G rmvf`uåèf tâhobhg boh`uìg fs ficmtfs lmofs mspmrgafs3 amsam tghngs m prmefs pgrg lgrhmogrbg, gtâ bostrulmotfs am hbrurebg ag pgrg lgrhg Umbss ‘rfupg“, g lmslg af Nfspbtg` Ymg` am Ermmowbhn ‘, afs ‐moemonfs moeflgr fu smcg, dmrrfs am pgssgr, gtâ lçqubogs am

 

lfmr hgog, trbef m am smrrgr lgambrg. Am dfrofs pgrg g hfzbong, ës `gotmrogs m grrmbfs m`megotms pgrg hgrrugemos, am rfags am dmrrf pgrg hgrrbonfs, g pgrgrgbfs. Ogag abssf mxbstbg pfr gqub. [fuhf g pfuhf hnmegrgl tgliâl moemonmbrfs, lmhéobhfs, gerblmosfrms m mlprmbtmbrfs irbtéobhfs qum, gtrgvâs afs cfrogbs, fdmrmhbgl smus smrvbåfs. Hfl f amsmovf`vblmotf af hgdâ ofs gofs am 7>1;, gulmotfu f oólmrf am omefhbgotms of pfrtf af Ybf m am Xgotfs. Oèf dg`tfu quml ghngssm qum f Irgsb` tbong ambxgaf am smr hf`ñobg pfrtueumsg pgrg sm tfrogr boe`msg. Ml tfrof ag hfrtm, g emotm amsprmvmobag sm ambxgvg moeglim`gr. Goóohbfs am amotbstgs, am rmlâabfs lb`gerfsfs, am hfzbonmbrfs ambxgvgl of gr g suspmbtg am lubtg hngr`gtgobhm. Ml lmgafs af sâhu`f, oèf mrg rgrf mohfotrgr f lmslf gvmoturmbrf drgohãs prgtbhgoaf gs lgbs abdmrmotms prfdbssýms3 sg`tbligohf gqub, amotbstg g`b, prfdmssfr am drgohãs lgbs gabgotm, hflmotgvg a‒Gssbmr. G mxprmssèf ‐omeøhbf gdrgohmsgaf“ sm tfrofu, og ifhg afs irgsb`mbrfs, sboñoblf am hg`ftm fu amshfodbgoåg. Of Oframstm, ‐drgohãs“, ‐dg`sf“ fu ‐dboebaf“ qumrbgl abzmr g lmslg hfbsg. Gaf`pnm a‒Gssbmr hfotfu lgbs3 oul ogvbf, tmrbg fuvbaf g hfovmrsg am smus hfotmrréomfs3 ul, qum dgzbg hfotrgigoaf am rm`øebfs: futrf, qum hnmegrg hfl hmotgvfs of if`sf m dbzmrg dfrtuog vmoamoaf hngpâus am sf` am grlgåèf fraboçrbg. Lgs, tèf ifobtfs, qum oboeuâl rmsbstbg. M qugoaf g`euâl gpgrmhbg pgrg sm qumbxgr ag lç qug`bagam af grtbef, m`m g`megvg, dboeboaf mspgotf3 ‐Lgs, hflf6 Mrg hngpâu am [grbs6!“ ]l tmrhmbrf sm egigvg am vmoamr ml sug `fcg og rug af Fuvbafr, pfr hml lb`-râbs, rfupgs qum `nm hustgvgl hbohf drgohfs. Durtf6 Ouohg! Gdbog`, m`m sm grrbshgvg g vbvmr oul pgìs foam ergssgvg g dmirm glgrm`g, fs lfsqubtfs, fs ‐omerfs dâtbafs“. M, g prfpøsbtf, gf mxp`frgr fs ‐irgsb`mbrfs“ oèf fs rfuigvgl6 Gpmsgr fs agsomerfs, hrìtbhgs gfs hflmrhbgotms mstrgoembrfs, smonfrgs lgbs hnbqums, pgssgrgl g sm pmotmgr, oèf lgbs ë pfrtueumsg, lgs, ë drgohmsg, boaf gf tmgtrf fuvbr øpmrgs hgotgags pfr btg`bgogs, g quml fs mstuagotms fdmrmhbgl d`frms, sfomtfs m abshursfs. Fs lmobofs hflmågvgl g sm mauhgr ml hf`âebfs, g`euos mstrgoembrfs, fu ml ghgamlbgs. M oèf lgbs ml hgsg hfl f tbf hgpm`èf fu ogs mshf`gs am pgarms. Gigoafogvg-sm f hflârhbf af pfrtueuãs, af ‐lgrbonmbrf“ ag vmoag, af iftmqubl, ag qubtgoag, foam sm gaqubrbg ighg`ngu m hgrom-smhg. F hnbh hnbh   mrg hflmr ë drgohmsg, ë btg`bgog, ë boe`msg. G emotm irgsb`mbrg sgìg vgegrfsglmotm af hglpf, pgrg g hbagam. Ymhusgvg f gotbef pgrg gaftgr f ofvf.

 

Fs lg`-nulfrgafs ag prblmbrg lmtgam af sâhu`f ^B^ sø moxmregvgl ofs nflmos ags ofvgs emrgåýms amdmbtfs m drgqumzgs, blbtgåýms rbaìhu`gs am murfpmus, amotms pfstbåfs, amsrmspmbtf gfs lgbs vm`nfs. Hrfobstgs afs tmlpfs hf`fobgbs sm pmreuotgvgl, boabeogafs3 ‐Foam mstgvgl fs hgpbtèms-emomrgbs af tmlpf afs rmbs am [frtueg`6!“ M`ms mrgl hgpgzms am efvmrogr hfl dbrlmzg gs hgpbtgobgs, gf pgssf qum gs prfvìohbgs, gefrg, mrgl efvmrogags pfr ‐hrbgoåf`gs sgìags ag dghu`agam am abrmbtf“. Ymvbstgs hflf F [rfermssf, [rfermssf, am 7>14, qumstbfogvgl pfr qum ‐lgohmifs am dglì`bgs pfirms“, ml vmz am gprmoamrml fdìhbf am g`dgbgtm, pmarmbrf m hgrgpbog, aflbogafs pfr blbergotms, hfotbougvgl ml ‐mlprmeubonfs pói`bhfs“. Fs tâhobhfs m fs prfautfs mstrgoembrfs trbuodgvgl… Xø oèf pfabgl blgebogr qum fpmrçrbfs omerfs m lu`gtfs rgpbaglmotm gisfrvmrbgl smus sgimrms, tfrogoaf-sm, hflf iml abssm f vbgcgotm Amirmt, ‐rbvgbs am smus lmstrms“. F db`nf am ul hflmrhbgotm boe`ãs, ogshbaf ml [frtueg`, Nmory Jfstmr, smonfr am moemonf, fismrvfu f lmslf dmoñlmof am lfib`bagam sfhbg` ml Ymhbdm. Ml [mrogliuhf tgliâl, fs lu`gtfs smrbgl mxhm`motms lmhéobhfs, hgpgzms am mxmrhmr vçrbfs fdìhbfs. Oèf tbongl gboag g`hgoågaf f `uegr afs smonfrms am moemonf fu afs ergoams lmrhgafrms, lgs, ‐tbongl ghulu`gaf hfosbamrçvmbs sflgs am abonmbrf m pfssuìgl lubtfs mshrgvfs, g quml mosbogvgl smu prøprbf fdìhbf“. Moqugotf vbgcgotms mstrgoembrfs fismrvgvgl f hrmshblmotf ag bod`uãohbg drgohmsg og blpfrtgåèf am lfags, ofs grtbefs am dgotgsbg m am amhfrgåèf, oftgvgl tgliâl qum, motrm gs =1 lfabstgs drgohmsgs bostg`gags of Ybf am Cgombrf, ml 7>97, oèf mrgl pfuhgs gs omergs `bvrms qum, ergågs gf ‐smu tg`motf“, oèf gpmogs trgig`ngvgl hfl tgbs prfdbssbfogbs, lgs hfosmeubglm amhãohbg“. ‐blbtgr lubtf iml gs lgombrgs drgohmsgs, trgcgoaf-sm hfl rmiushglmotf  [gvblmotgåèf urigog3 ul ul trgig`nf am mshrgvfs. DYÎYMX, Qnbmrry. [gvmurs Qnbmrry. [gvmurs33 Lgrhngoam a‒gtghghg. 7>8=. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@.

Hflf sm vã, omssg âpfhg am luagoågs, ul pmrsfogeml blpfrtgotm bovgabu g hmog3 f lu`gtf. Ml smu h`çssbhf Xfirgafs m luhglifs, luhglifs, Eb`imrtf Drmyrm dfb afs prblmbrfs g fismrvgr f dmoñlmof3 ulg dfråg ofvg m trbuodgotm.

Xmeuoaf Drmyrm, f lu`gtf vbong sm hfostbtuboaf ml m`mlmotf am

 

abdmrmohbgåèf ag sfhbmagam rurg` m pgtrbgrhg` of uobvmrsf urigof m boabvbaug`bstg. M`m mstgrbg sm botmergoaf, fu lm`nfr, sm ghflfagoaf, motrm fs mxtrmlfs3 f smonfr m f mshrgvf. G urigobzgåèf af Blpârbf, g drgelmotgåèf ags smozg`gs ml qub`flifs, f hrmshblmotf am g`dfrrbgs m g bosmråèf ofs hgrefs pói`bhfs m og grbstfhrghbg am tfeg amrgl, sml aóvbag, lgbfr vbsbib`bagam gfs lu`gtfs, gfs ‐lfrmofs“.

Ofs cfrogbs, oftìhbgs m gvbsfs sfirm ‐Ighngrâbs dfrlgafs“, ‐Afutfrms“ m gtâ ‐Xmonfrms mstuagotms“ gouohbgrgl, amsam fs prblmbrfs gofs af sâhu`f ^B^, f pfamr ofvf agqum`ms qum gebgl m sm mxpuongl ml imhgs mshurgs. ‐Qrgcms am hgstg hgpgzms am grbstfhrgtbzgr“ smus pfrtgafrms, abz Drmyrm. Lubtfs oèf abspuongl am prftmtfrms pf`ìtbhfs pgrg hnmegr ë Hélgrg oml pgrg suibr abp`flghbg. Lubtfs fu mstuagrgl fu sm dfrlgrgl ergågs ‐gf trgig`nf am ëulg lèm qubtgoambrg ul pgb duob`mbrf“. Futrfs sm hgsgvgl hfl lfågs rbhgs fu am dglì`bgs pfamrfsgs. Lgs mrgl vbsìvmbs ml tfag g pgrtm. Â f lmslf Eb`imrtf Drmyrm quml hfotg f mxmlp`f am Cfsâ ag Ogtbvbagam Xg`agong, ighngrm` lu`gtf m prftgefobstg am ulg nbstørbg surprmmoamotm. Db`nf am pgarm, Xg`agong mstuafu pgrg sghmraftm of Xmlboçrbf am F`boag, lgs rmim`fu-sm hfotrg f Xmlboçrbf. Aurgotm g Ymvf`uåèf [mrogliuhgog, ml 7>75, m`m ambxfu g hbagam hfl fs dglb`bgrms m rulfu pgrg Hfblirg, g dbl am hfotbougr fs mstuafs. Og vf`tg gf Ymhbdm, sm bosurebu hfotrg a. [marf B m sug hfostbtubåèf. Dfb m`mbtf smhrmtçrbf af efvmrof am Lgofm` am Hgrvg`nf [gms am Goargam m mohfotrgvg tmlpf pgrg mshrmvmr rm`gtørbfs sfirm g rmvf`uåèf,

 

pmosgoaf ml ambxgr pgrg g pfstmrbagam gs bodfrlgåýms af ghfotmhbaf. Hfl g amrrftg afs bosurrmtfs, Ogtbvbagam Xg`agong duebu. Og prblmbrg tmotgtbvg drustrgag am rmduebgr-sm rmduebgr-sm og Drgoåg, pmramu f ogvbf m mshfoamu-sm ofvglmotm ml F`boag. F hñosu` glmrbhgof Cglms Nglb`tfo Imoomtt f gcuafu og dueg pgrg Db`gaâ`dbg, Mstgafs ]obafs, foam sfdrmu abshrblbogåèf, pfr smr lu`gtf. Tbgcfu, motèf, pgrg g Drgoåg, m `ç hfosmeubu ul pgssgpfrtm pfrtueuãs. Xfi pmrsmeubåèf af efvmrof irgsb`mbrf, m`m dfb mxpu`sf af pgìs pm`g pf`ìhbg `fhg`. Dfb ë Boe`gtmrrg m, am ``ç, ç, ë Tmomzum`g, Tmomzum`g, foam sfdrmu prbvgåýms. Lgs, ml Hgrghgs, Ogtbvbagam Xg`agong ghgifu hfonmhmoaf f emomrg` Girmu m @blg, qum f mohglbonfu g Xbløo If`ìvgr. Hfosmeubu, motèf, mxmrhmr g gavfhghbg ogqum`m pgìs. Oulg fhgsbèf, hflmotfu g smotmoåg am ul cubz irgohf, Lgymr, og qug` m`m, Xg`agong mrg hnglgaf am lu`gtf. M rmtruhfu3 ‐Mssm tg` lu`gtf Xg`agong mrg f lmslf qum gaqubrbrg prãlbfs qugoaf m`m, Lgymr, tbong gprfvgåèf pfr mlpmonf m qugoaf f tg` lu`gtf rmhusgvg f `uegr am guabtfr am eumrrg ml [mrogliuhf, m`m, Lgymr, f g`hgoågvg pfr igcu`gåèf.“ Xg`agong gigoafofu Hgrghgs m dfb ë Hf`ñlibg pm`g sm`vg, pgssgoaf g rmsbabr ml Ifeftç, foam mosbofu Nulgobagams. Xfuim, motèf, qum tbong sbaf hfoamogaf ë lfrtm pfr modfrhglmotf of Irgsb`. Qflgoaf hfonmhblmotf am qum ul gotbef glbef mxmrhbg gtbvbagam of trbiuog` qum f hfoamofu, movbfu`nm ulg prfhurgåèf ofs smeubotms tmrlfs3 [m`g prmsmotm prfhurgåèf, pfr lbl dmbtg m gssbogag, hfostbtuf pfr lmu igstgotm prfhurgafr og prfvìohbg am [mrogliuhf f lmu hf`meg ar. Qnflgz ^gvbmr pm`g Egrhbg am G`lmbag, pgrg ml tuaf pmog qum lm dfb blpfstg Hflbssèf Lb`btgr, pfamoaf mstmhulprbr lfrrmr gmodfrhgaf, pgrg f qum `nm futfref tfafs fs pfamrms qum pfr `mb lm sèf hfodmrbafs. Hgrghgs, 8 am gefstf am 7>9=. Cfsâ ag Ogtbvbagam Xg`agong, Xg`agong, ighngrm` ml Abrmbtf Hbvb` pm`g ]obvmrsbagam am Hfblirg. Futrf lu`gtf, f gavfegaf Dm`bpm Omry Hf`gåf, ogshbaf ml [mrogliuhf ml 7>78, mrg dfrlgaf ml abrmbtf pm`g dghu`agam am Ymhbdm m hurbfsf am moemongrbg. @motmtâhobhf am `ìoeug of Eboçsbf pm`f ‐egibomtm am boe`msg moemongrbg“ qum [mrogliuhgof, mstgim`mhmu og amstghfu-sm hgpbtg` ag

 

prfvìohbg. Hflf m`m, modgtbzg Drmyrm, surebrgl og prblmbrg lmtgam af sâhu`f ^B^, lmstbåfs nçimbs, hucgs qug`bagams dfrgl smoaf vg`frbzgags m gprfvmbtgags. F lâabhf Qbiurtbof Lfrmbrg [rgtms, gutfr am ulg botmrmssgotm tmsm am lmabhbog gprmsmotgag ë Dghu`agam ag Ignbg,  Bamotbagam ag mspâhbm nulgog,, dgzbg ml 7>14, g amdmsg am omerfs m lu`gtfs3 nulgog Qfaf f luoaf hfonmhm fs fistçhu`fs qum sm fpýml gf omerf qum botmotg amabhgr-sm ë hgrrmbrg ags `mtrgs, gboag sml dg`gr ag dg`tg am lmbfs pmhuobçrbfs, pfbs qum mssg rgåg â g lgbs pfirm am ofssf pfvf. Lgs, gpmsgr abssf, tmlfs lubtfs mxmlp`fs am omerfs qum sm tãl lfstrgaf lubtf gptfs pgrg g hu`turg ags hbãohbgs, ags `mtrgs m ags im`gs-grtms: tmlfs vbstf ml hfohursfs pói`bhfs absputgrml m fitmrml g hfrfg af prfdmssfrgaf. M ml rm`gåèf gfs lu`gtfs3 ]lg futrg h`gssm `uabirbgag gtâ pm`fs smus prøprbfs prfemobtfrms â g afs lu`gtfs, hucg botm`beãohbg tml sbaf lubtgs vmzms glmsqubongag pfr nflmos aflbogafs pfr prmhfohmbtfs. Z…\ Gpmsgr am g`eulg rbvg`bagam qum nç gboag motrm irgohfs m lu`gtfs, mstms, fu pm`g ergoam pgrtm qum tbvmrgl og `utg am ofssg Boampmoaãohbg fu pfr smu oólmrf prmaflbogotm, fu pm`f qum qumr qum dfssm, of Irgsb`, efzgl am hfosbamrgåèf m pfaml m`mvgr-sm g g`tfs `uegrms qugoaf g dfrtuog fs gcuag. Z…\ Lgbs am hml mstuagotms drmqumotgl g Mshf`g am Lmabhbog3 g lmtgam sèf bohfotmstgvm`lmotm lu`gtfs. Of lmslf smotbaf, lgobdmstgvg-sm og âpfhg, hmrtf L.[.G am @bsifg ml sugs Oftms sugs  Oftms sur `g rghm ofbrm mt `g rghm Lu`étrm gu Irâsb`3 Irâsb`3 ‐Gu Irâsb`, agos tfutms `ms h`gssms am `g sfhbâtâ, pgrlb `ms curbshfosu`tms gbosb qum pgrlb `ms lâamhbos, hnmz `ms nfllms qub s‒fhhupmot am `g pf`btbqum au pgys hfllm hnmz `ms nfllms am `mttrms, fo rmlgrqum ams lu`étrms a‒uo tg`mot, a‒uo msprbt, a‒uom pmrspbhghbtâ mt a‒uom bostruhtbfo qub `mur afoomot imguhfup a‒blpfrtgohm mt a‒gshmoagohm.“7

 

F qum mrg moafssgaf pm`f emøergdf drgohãs Â`bsâm Ymh`us, ml grtbef pui`bhgaf og Ymvum og  Ymvum ams Amux Lfoams3 Lfoams3 ‐Wum`qums-uos lfotmot am ergam mt hfl-lgoamot ë ams i`gohs rmstâs `murs bodârbmurs: a‒gutrms s‒gafoomot gux prfdmssbfos `biârg`ms mt amvbmoomot gvfhgts, lâamhbos, prfdmssmurs, grtbstms.“9 vg`frbzgåèf omerf qum fu afsmus lu`gtf oèf ambxfu am pfrâl dfrg fs hfl nflmos am hfr Ghfl lmofs af mstuafs hfotmlpfréomfs, beug` gutfmstblg. Mssm dfb, pfr mxmlp`f, f hgsf am Gefstbonf Cfsâ [mrmbrg, qum duoafu ml Ymhbdm, ml 7>14, g smbtg af Abvbof Lmstrm. Qbong hmrhg am trmzmotfs smeubafrms m hnglfu g gtmoåèf ags gutfrbagams pfr tmr m`gifrgaf ul GIH. Fs GIH ‘ vmrsfs qum sm bobhbgl pm`gs `mtrgs af g`dgimtf, dghb`lmotm rmtbafs og lmlørbg ‘ mrgl hfluos og trgabåèf pfpu`gr. F GIH am [mrmbrg â f lgbs gotbef lgobdmstf am qum sm tml oftìhbg, hfotmstgoaf g aflbogåèf rghbg` irgohg. Hfl ul amtg`nm3 smu gutfr sm botbtu`gvg ‐lfrmof“. G `boag Ofirm hfr lfrmog Amergafu of Irgsb` Nç lgbs am 8;; gofs Lubtf irmvm tmrç dbl Irgag f Amus m emlm g tmrrg Am vmr tgotg boergtbaèf Wum dgzml hfl qum fs lfrmofs Qmoaf tgotg mstblgåèf Hflf ogåèf pfamrfsg Amsam f prbohìpbf af luoaf Efzgvgl ag `bimragam Hfl f prgzmr lgbs prfduoaf Nmrambrf amstg ogturmzg Am abeog mstblgåèf Amstg ofirm hfr lfrmog F prblmbrf dfb Gaèf.

 

Hfotg f nbstfrbgafr Lgrhus C. L. am Hgrvg`nf qum Gefstbonf, hfosbamrgaf abssbamotm ag bermcg hgtø`bhg, dfb cu`egaf hflf ‐hbslçtbhf“. Gdbog`, ml botmrrfegtørbf, rmhfonmhbg qum smu hrbstbgobslf mrg abvmrsf af ag bermcg hgtø`bhg, pfbs oèf ghrmabtgvg ofs sghrglmotfs, oml ml sgotfs, qum pgrg m`m mrgl lmrgs mstçtugs. Ml smus vmrsfs hgotgvg qum g ‐mshrgvbaèf ag `boag hfr lfrmog“ hnmegrbg ml irmvm gf dbl, ampfbs am lgbs am trmzmotfs gofs. Mohgrogoaf f Abvbof Lmstrm, tmoaf gf `gaf ulg ‐Lgag`mog“, sug mspfsg, prmegvg qum oèf sø Gaèf, lgs Lfbsâs, Girgèf m Hrbstf mrgl lfrmofs. Ghusgvg g nbpfhrbsbg ag pf`ìtbhg blpmrbg`, ‐pfbs curgstm ulg hfostbtubåèf qum sø pmam emotm `bvrm m oøs og mshrgvbaèf“. @btmrg`lmotm, abzbg ag h`gssm smonfrbg`3 ‐Dçhb` â smrml sucmbtfs am quml cç dfrgl smonfrms“. M tuaf vf`tgrbg g smr hflf amvmrbg gotms, pfbs ‐of prbohìpbf af luoaf, fs rmbs mrgl lfrmofs“.

 

F botmrbfr ag hgsg am hbegofs. DYÎYMX, Qnbmrry. Botârbmur Qnbmrry. Botârbmur a‒uom ngibtgtbfo am hbegofs. hbegofs. 7>8=. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 AMIYMQ, CMGO-IG[QBXQM. TFRGEM  [BQQFYMXW]M MQ NBXQFYBW]M G] IYÂXB@. QFLM AM]^BÎLM. [. 94.

F Abvbof Lmstrm glgrefu 85 abgs am prbsèf m, ampfbs am sf`tf, m`m m smus smeubafrms, ml sug lgbfrbg omerfs `bimrtfs m `bvrms, pgssgrgl g smr pmrsmeubafs pm`g pfpu`gåèf hgtø`bhg. [grg g pf`ìhbg pmrogliuhgog, hfotuaf, g smbtg mrg gpmogs ulg amshu`pg pgrg fregobzgr lgbs ulg rmvf`tg. Mssg dfb lgbs ulg ags lgobdmstgåýms qum prmpgrgrgl g cç hflmotgag Ymvf`uåèf [rgbmbrg, am 7>1>. Og Ignbg, Gaf`pnm a‒Gssbmr gssbstbu gfs dmstmcfs af 9 am cu`nf, agtg ml qum g prfvìohbg hflmlfrgvg f gobvmrsçrbf ag Boampmoaãohbg. Ouohg gssbstbrg g ul ‐rmefzbcf tèf drgohf“, hfodmssfu. Qrfpgs am cfvmos omerfs mspg`ngrglsm pm`gs rugs hfl igoambrgs, tfhngs m lósbhg. Hgotfs lbsturgvgl-sm g erbtfs pgtrbøtbhfs, moqugotf dfeumtms b`ulbogvgl fs hâus. @foegs hf`uogs am nflmos `bvrms hfl smus uobdfrlms ag Eugrag Oghbfog`, smeuoaf m`m, omerfs, qum ‐vmstbgl f trgcm pfrtueuãs m lgrhgvgl f pgssf hfl g abeobagam am nflmos `bvrms qum hfonmhml sug boampmoaãohbg“, mohnbgl gs rugs, smeubafs afs ‐Hgbxmbrfs Oghbfogbs“, bamotbdbhgafs pfr ergoams `mtrgs og dgbxg pgssgag of pmbtf. Mrgl fs cfvmos lu`gtfs mlprmegafs of hflârhbf. Oftçvm` nbstørbg am suhmssf dfb g am Gotñobf Dmrrmbrg Hmsgrbof, botm`mhtug` omerf, duoagafr am ul hf`âebf drmqumotgaf pm`gs db`ngs ag m`btm irgohg hgdmbhu`tfrg m gssbl amshrbtf pfr ul grtbef of cfrog`  Abçrbf am Hglpbogs,, ml 7>>23 ‐G`tf, ghfstgaf g ul imoeg`èf, tbong f rfstf hflprbaf, Hglpbogs frogaf ag trgabhbfog` igrig lf`aurg Z…\ qum dbhfu smoaf f tbpf am h`gssm ofs g`tbvfs iureumsms af [frtf. Xmus ergoams f`nfs mrgl pmosgtbvfs, rgsegag g ifhg, `motfs fs pgssfs, `bembrglmotm vmregaf gf pmsf am smus nforgafs  cgombrfs.“ Ogshbaf og Tb`g am [grghgtu af [rìohbpm, ørdèf am lèm m db`nf am ul trfpmbrf, dfb `mvgaf pm`f pgb pgrg Hglpbogs foam sm tfrofu germegaf, m, gf ambxgr g dgzmoag foam trgig`ngvg, hgrpbotmbrf, lósbhf m g`dgbgtm. Oèf sm sgim foam gprmoamu g `mr m mshrmvmr, lgs ampfbs am sm hgsgr hfl Ig`ibog Eflms Ergåg, girbu fulg Hf`âebf G 7; am lgråf am 7>4;,g`bg pucgotm ag hbagam egongvg mshf`g[mrsmvmrgoåg. og rug af Hflârhbf. Fs hfotmóafs

 

lbobstrgafs mrgl vgrbgafs m blprmssbfogrgl f blpmrgafr a. [marf BB qum f vbsbtfu3 ‐â hfohmbtugaf“, goftfu sfirm g bostbtubåèf ml smu abçrbf. Ml 7>4=, cç hfotgvg 11 g`uogs, lubtgs am`gs, smeuoaf afhulmotfs, ‐iml-ogshbags“. Tgegs, pfrâl, mrgl rmsmrvgags g mstuagotms pfirms, ørdès m omergs. Gs trãs db`ngs af hgsg` mrgl gì prfdmssfrgs3 Gléohbg, Imrograbog m Ig`ibog. F suhmssf af bostbtutf dfb tèf ergoam, qum pmrlbtbu g Hmsgrbof sm tfrogr hflmrhbgotm m girbr ulg `fcg am dgzmoags dbogs m erfssgs. Futrg trgcmtørbg lgrhgotm dfb g am Yudbof Cfsâ Lgrbg. Ogshbaf of gotbef rmbof gdrbhgof am Fyf, dfb mshrgvbzgaf og gaf`mshãohbg m `mvgaf pgrg Xg`vgafr. Ampfbs am tmr fitbaf g`dfrrbg, dfb hfzbonmbrf gssg`grbgaf am ogvbfs omermbrfs, tfrogoaf-sm g`udç, og lgturbagam3 ulg mspâhbm am eubg mspbrbtug` ag hfluobagam am omerfs luåu`lgofs of Ymhbdm. Yudbof tfrofu-sm tgliâl trgdbhgotm m afof am mshrgvfs, g`blmotgoaf g lmslg lçqubog am mxp`frgåèf qum f vbtblgrg. M`m trfhgvg hgtbvfs pfr hgbxgs am lgrlm`gag. Of pmrhursf trgosgt`éotbhf gprmoamu g `mr m mshrmvmr m hu`tbvfu g rm`bebèf smeuoaf gs rmergs af G`hfrèf, prgtbhgoaf-g of Blpârbf af Irgsb`. F lfvblmotf gif`bhbfobstg tbong dbeurgs mli`mlçtbhgs, hflf Cfsâ Lgrbgof, irgohf m afof am moemonf, hflpgarm m glbef am hgpfmbrgs hâ`mirms m am lu`gtfs m pgrafs rmpui`bhgofs. [rftmtfr af ergoam hgpfmbrbstg Obhf`gu af [fåf ag [gom`g, Lgrbgof efstgvg am vbvmr `foem afs sfirgafs rmhbdmosms am afbs goagrms m am hflmr sgrgpgtm` m luoeuozç ofs qubfsqums am pâ am pfotm, hfovmrsgoaf hfl tfag g emotm af pfvf. Ml Ymhbdm, ngvbg lubtfs lfhglifs pmrtf am sfirgafs am gzu`mcf. M ngvbg lubtg omerg hgtblifzmbrg, dgzmafrg am lgoaboegs, lfrgoaf `gaf g `gaf am brlèfs af Xgotìssblf Xghrglmotf, g`euos hfl nfrrfr g dmbtbåf, futrfs rmhfrrmoaf ës sgimoågs amssgs hurgoambrgs pgrg trgtgr afs lg`ms af hfrpf m ag g`lg. Ogs çeugs ‐amlfhrçtbhgs“ af Hgpbigrbim, of igbrrf am Gpbpuhfs, lmreu`ngvgl irgohfs, omerfs, lu`gtfs m pgrafs, sml abstboåèf. G`âl afs ‐lfrmofs“, ngvbg gs ‐lfrmogs“. Nfcm, fs nbstfrbgafrms sgiml qum, pgrg g`eulgs lu`nmrms, gs rm`gåýms am pfamr oèf mrgl tèf omegtbvgs. Hgtbvgs sm amstghgrgl og gqubsbåèf am g`dfrrbgs m, `bimrtgs, og gqubsbåèf am imos. Ml tmstglmotf, boólmrfs nflmos `bvrms `mebtblgrgl fs db`nfs tbafs hfl mshrgvgs fu `bimrtgs fu fs bostbtuìrgl hflf smus nmrambrfs. Lgbs botmrmssgotm â f pgpm` ags prøprbgs lu`nmrms `bvrms fu `bimrtgs og lfib`bagam sfhbg` am futrgs lu`nmrms. Ml tfags gs prfvìohbgs af Blpârbf sm vbrgl hgsfs am nflmos aftgrgl db`nfsgmhgsgs hflpgonmbrgs hfl tfag g sfrtm am imos3 am abonmbrfqum g tmrrgs, am smus mshrgvfs m g omeøhbfs. Mssgs, pfr sug vmz,

 

`bimrtgvgl m gcuagvgl db`ngs, lèms, hflgarms, ampmoamotms m sugs prøprbgs mshrgvgs, imomdbhbgoaf-gs, ml smus tmstglmotfs, hfl imos qum `nms egrgotbssml ul lìoblf am hfodfrtf m trgoqub`bagam. Oèf dg`tgrgl pmabafs am smpgrgåèf, lftbvgafs pm`g rm`gåèf mstçvm` am smonfrms hfl sugs mshrgvgs fu lu`nmrms am hfr. G`âl abssf, nfuvm gs qum morbqumhmrgl pfr hfotg prøprbg ergågs ës sugs hflpmtãohbgs m sug botm`beãohbg. Hgsf ags rbquìssblgs omergs Lñobhg ag Hfstg Dmrrmbrg m Qmrmsg Qmrmsg am Cmsus am Xfusg, frbuoags ag Hfstg ag Lbog, gligs ë drmotm af g`ueum` am hgsgs fu am rmams am omeøhbfs, lfrgafrgs am hgsgsergoams hfl mxtmosfs qubotgbs, ml igbrrfs gigstgafs am Ymhbdm. Fu, motèf, Yfsg, af Ø Drmbrm, qum hflprfu sug `bimragam vmoamoaf afhms, m, ampfbs, sm tfrofu smonfrg am ofvm mshrgvfs am egonf, am quml rmhmibg abçrbgs. F drgohãs Ibgra vbu ulg amssgs dfrrgs rbhgs oulg hgambrbong dfrrgag am hnbtg gzu`, sml qumrmr ambxgr pgssgr futrg hgambrbong3 ‐‘ G lu`gtg prblmbrf!“ M tflm am erbtgr hfl smus mshrgvfs!

 

‐Hfrytbig“ ml 7>==, hgpbtg` af rmhâl-boampmoamotm [grgoç. Hfrytbig ml 7>==, 7>==, sâh. ^B^. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\.

G gshmosèf foam ags lu`gtgs tgliâl smr fismrvgag ofs Hflprflbssfs am Brlgoagams fhupgvgl hgrefspfam blpfrtgotms ofs hfosm`nfs abrbemotms. Ml Efbçs, pfr mxmlp`f, oèf sø hfostruìrgl bermcgs hflf g am Ofssg Xmonfrg ag Ifg Lfrtm fu am Ofssg Xmonfrg ag Hfohmbåèf, lgs tgliâl dgzbgl afgåýms am furf m hmrg pgrg vm`gs, afgåýms gfs pfirms fu pgrg dmstgs afs sgotfs prftmtfrms. Og Brlgoagam ag Ogtbvbagam, og lmslg hbagam, sèf boólmrgs gs ‐lfrmogs“ qum gpgrmhml ml hgrefs g`tfs hflf ‐rgbongs“ fu ‐cuìzgs“, tfags hfl sudbhbmotms rmhursfs dbogohmbrfs pgrg mxmrhmr sug duoåèf. G gdrbhgog Cfgog Lgrbg am Gssuoåèf dmz ulg afgåèf tèf ergoam ë brlgoagam qum dfb nflmogemgag hflf ‐rgbong pmrpâtug“. Nfuvm gtâ mshrgvgs qum, ampfbs am dfrrgs, tmoaf nmragaf imos ambxgafs pfr smus smonfrms, fs lu`tbp`bhgrgl m fs amvf`vmrgl. Dfb f hgsf ag mshrgvg

Xmonfrbong Hfostéohbg ag Yfhng, imomdbhbgag of tmstglmotf am afog

 

Gotñobg ag Yfhng ‘ hucf oflm gaftfu ‘ hflf nmrambrg am ulg lfrgag am hgsgs m am ulg mshrgvg. Ml Lgrbgog, Lbogs Emrgbs, m`g drmqumotgvg gs lbssgs ‐vmstbag am hgpftm, vmstbaf m `moåf am smag“. Xmonfrbong lu`tbp`bhfu f oólmrf am hgtbvfs pfr prfhrbgåèf, m, gf lfrrmr, lfrrmr, 95 gofs ampfbs, sml db`nfs, ambxfu smus imos, boh`usbvm lgbsoèf mshrgvfs, pgrgmxhmåèf f duturf amMstuafs [fotg`. Dfrrfs prfprbmtçrbfs am mshrgvfs mrgl ulg mligrèf Lbogs. hflprfvgl qum, ml Xgigrç m Xmrrf Drbf, g prçtbhg mrg hflul, amsam f sâhu`f ^TBBB. Oèf dg`tgrgl gs qum `utgrgl pfr smus abrmbtfs ofs trbiuogbs. Xmonfrms qum ‐luagvgl am bambg“, ampfbs am g`dfrrbgr sugs hgtbvgs, fu gs pmonfrgvgl, qugoaf cç g`dfrrbgags, `mvgvgl lubtgs ës igrrgs afs trbiuogbs pgrg fitmr `mebtblbagam pgrg sug hfoabåèf3 ‐custbåg pgrg vbvmr hflf sm am vmotrm `bvrm ogshmrg“, abz h`grglmotm f prfhmssf am hmrtg Emrtruams Lgrbg, qubtgoambrg, og hbagam am [grgìig. [rfvg am qum gs lu`nmrms hfoqubstgvgl, tgliâl, ofvfs mspgåfs am gåèf og sfhbmagam mshrgvbstg. Oèf dfb ë tfg qum Emfrem Egraomr hfoh`ubu qum pfuhfs irgsb`mbrfs mrgl ‐irgohfs“. G lmstbågeml mrg ul dgtf, pgrg g`âl ag lfib`bagam sfhbg`, qum amu g lu`gtfs, pgrafs m lmstbåfs ulg ergoam vbsbib`bagam.

 

 

M

l 7>=>, dfb pui`bhgag g 4ª mabåèf af Abhbfoçrbf af  Abhbfoçrbf ag `ìoeug pfrtueumsg, pfrtueumsg, `goågaf frbebog`lmotm smssmotg gofs gotms, pfr Gotfobf am Lfrgms

Xb`vg.‐lfamrobzgr“ Omssg ofvg vmrsèf hfostgl, pm`gQg` prblmbrg vmz, `boeuìstbhg fs sbeobdbhgafs pg`gvrgs m ‐lfamrobslf“. bofvgåèf oèf ags mrg prfautf af ghgsf, mxp`bhg f nbstfrbgafr Ymogtf Tmogohbf. F Irgsb` vbvmohbfu trgosdfrlgåýms qum sm tfrogrgl duoagafrgs af ofssf hftbabgof gtug`. G nbstørbg sfdrmu ulg ghm`mrgåèf. Ofssg prblmbrg lfamrobzgåèf oèf sø amstrubu `motglmotm f sbstmlg mshrgvbstg, lgs, gf dbog` af sâhu`f, motmrrfu tgliâl f sbstmlg lfoçrqubhf. Nfuvm, pfrâl, ulg ifg afsm am glibeubagam omssg mxpmrbãohbg, pfbs m`g lgotmvm botghtfs f sbstmlg am ghmssf ë tmrrg m f lfam`f gerìhf`g am lfofhu`turg mxpfrtgafrg. Qrgtfu-sm, pfrtgotf, am ulg lfamrobzgåèf hfosmrvgafrg dfbam`gs, sui`bongaf pfr boólmrfs pmsqubsgafrms.am Ngvmrbg futrgs fpåýms6hfodfrlm Xbl. ]lg qum gpfotgvg pgrg g abvmrsbdbhgåèf ofssg gerfpmhuçrbg, hnmefu g sm hrbstg`bzgr ml bostbtubåýms am girgoeãohbg oghbfog`. Mlifrg oèf dfssm ofvbagam, fs mohglbonglmotfs qum `mvgrbgl ë abvmrsbdbhgåèf gerìhf`g egongrgl dñ`mef rmafirgaf of hfotmxtf ag gif`båèf ergaug` ag mshrgvbaèf, gssfhbgag ë hrbsm am mxpfrtgåèf afs prfautfs gerìhf`gs trgabhbfogbs. Am dgtf, f qugarf mhfoñlbhf ag smeuoag lmtgam af sâhu`f ^B^ mrg igstgotm prfsgbhf. F gåóhgr pmramu lmrhgaf pgrg smu hfoeãomrm, prfauzbaf g pgrtbr ag imtmrrgig, m dfb g`vf am ul irutg` prftmhbfobslf dbshg` pfr pgrtm afs pgìsms murfpmus. F g`efaèf glgrefu ulg prfermssbvg lgrebog`bzgåèf drmotm ë prfauåèf ofrtm-glmrbhgog m frbmotg`. F tgighf, pfr sug vmz, prbvfu-sm af lmrhgaf gdrbhgof, foam mrg utb`bzgaf hflf lfmag og gqubsbåèf am mshrgvfs. F hgdâ, mlifrg vbvmoaf ul qugarf am mxpgosèf, hflmåfu g hf`nmr fs drutfs afs amsmqub`ìirbfs mhf`øebhfs qum ngvbg emrgaf. Ml 7>=5-7>=>, fs prfautfrms tbvmrgl am supfrtgr g prblmbrg ergoam hrbsm botmroghbfog` am supmrprfauåèf, f qum `mvfu ë blmabgtg ablboubåèf, hfl qumag pm`g lmtgam af prmåf af prfautf of lmrhgaf luoabg`. Omssm qugarf omiu`fsf, gs mxhmåýms dbhgvgl pfr hfotg ag prfauåèf ag ifrrghng ‘ og âpfhg amoflbogag eflg-m`çstbhg ‘ m ag mrvg-lgtm. Qgotf g prblmbrg qugotf g smeuoag mxpgoabrgl-sm ml rbtlf iml supmrbfr gf af hgdâ. Og aâhgag am

 

7>4;, boólmrfs hgdmbhu`tfrms dfrgl ë dg`ãohbg amvbaf ë prblmbrg prgeg ags ifrif`mtbongs, hucg amoflbogåèf hbmotìdbhg â M`ghnbstg â M`ghnbstg hgd`mm`g. hgd`mm`g. Ml tfafs fs smtfrms pmsgvgl, pfrâl, rbshfs m bohmrtmzgs. Gf hfotrçrbf af pmrìfaf hf`fobg`, qugoaf gs vgrbgåýms am prmåfs botmroghbfogbs fhfrrbgl ml tmlpfsirushgs rm`gtbvglmotm `foefs, gefrg lmrhgaf tfrogaf vf`çtb`, sfdrmoaf vgrbgåýms am gof pgrgf gof. Mssgsngvbg-sm vgrbgåýms rmd`mtbgl gs d`utugåýms mhfoñlbhgs ags boaóstrbgs murfpmbgs m ofrtm-glmrbhgogs, rmspfosçvmbs pm`f mlprmef m amsmlprmef am lb`nýms am hfosulbafrms afs prfautfs gerìhf`gs irgsb`mbrfs, mxp`bhg Tmogohbf. F rmhfonmhblmotf ags ló`tbp`gs hrbsms qum ofssg gerbhu`turg gtrgvmssgvg dgvfrmhbg f sureblmotf am ulg smosbib`bagam gimrtg ë pf`bhu`turg m ë prfauåèf pgrg f lmrhgaf botmrof. G pgr abssf, ngvbg f tmlfr ags rmvf`tgs urigogs, emrgags pm`f gulmotf afs prmåfs afs g`blmotfs. F ergoam vb`èf mrg g mhfoflbg am mxpfrtgåèf, amvfrgafrg am tmrrgs dârtmbs m am rmhursfs mhfoñlbhfs3 motrm fs hgrbfhgs m pgu`bstgs, f hgdâ: motrm fs igbgofs m pmrogliuhgofs, f gåóhgr. Lmslf dfrg ags çrmgs qum oèf fhupgvgl ul `uegr hmotrg` of sbstmlg mhfoñlbhf, glgregvgl-sm lgus rmsu`tgafs. G mspmhbg`bzgåèf ags gtbvbagams prfautbvgs, pfr mxmlp`f, dgzbg smus mstrgefs3 of [grgoç, lgbfr mxpfrtgafr am mrvg-lgtm af Irgsb`, fs prmåfs afs eãomrfs g`blmotìhbfs, ml hmrtfs pmrìfafs ag smeuoag lmtgam af sâhu`f ^B^, hnmegrgl g suibr oulg prfpfråèf am 9;;%. G`eulgs rmebýms af Ybf Ergoam af Xu`, am Xgotg Hgtgrbog m, prbohbpg`lmotm, am Lbogs Emrgbs hfosmeubgl prfauzbr g`blmotfs sudbhbmotms pgrg g prøprbg pfpu`gåèf m gtâ lmslf pgrg gigstmhmr futrgs prfvìohbgs irgsb`mbrgs. Ofutrgs çrmgs, gs prøprbgs dgzmoags egrgotbgl g gutfssuisbstãohbg. Ml Xèf [gu`f, pfr mxmlp`f, gs nfrtgs rurgbs abspuongl rmeu`grlmotm am ‐hfuvm, cuqubrb, smrrg`ng, hnbhørbg, hnbhfrbèf, g`lmbrèf, gerbèf-a‒çeug, lfstgrag, hgruru, hmofurg, rmpf`nf, g`dghm, gifirbong, hnuhnu, lgxbxm, hgliuqubrg, igtgtg-afhm, lgoabfhg, cb`ø, bonglm, hgrç m pg`lbtf“. Motrmtgotf, g bosmråèf amssms prfautfs ofs hbrhubtfs hflmrhbgbs mrg prmhçrbg fu ou`g. Qrgtgvg-sm, og lgbfr pgrtm afs hgsfs, am ulg prfauåèf vf`tgag pgrg f prøprbf hfosulf, sbtugåèf tgliâl rmebstrgag ml rm`gåèf ë hgrom. G`âl agqum`gs prfvmobmotms am egaf m am gvms aflâstbhgs, ngvbg gs frbeboçrbgs ag hgåg am ‐hfafrogs, pmrabzms, lutuos, qugtbs, hutbgs, pghgs, vmgafs, gotgs, hgpbvgrgs, hgtmtfs, pfrhfs-af-lgtf, lghghfs, tgtus, `fotrgs, grbrgongs“ mth.: fu motèf ag pmshg am ‐hgshuafs, pbrghgocuigs, afurgafs,

igerms m `gligrbs , hflf mxp`bhg g nbstfrbgafrg Yfsgom Lmssbgs Hgrvg`nf.

 

 G ifrrghng, ul ofvf prfautf am mxpfrtgåèf. HNGL[O MR,, Cglms HNGL[OMR Cgl ms Um``s. Qnm ruiimr egtnmrmr. egtnmrmr. 7>4;. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. QYGTM@X @X BO QNM O OFYQN FYQN FD IYGSB@. ML3 QYGTM ZAMXMONF 99\.

G sbtugåèf sm hflp`bhgvg ogs hbagams. Og smeuoag lmtgam af sâhu`f

^B^, d`frmshbgl fs prblmbrfs ergoams hmotrfs urigofs irgsb`mbrfs. [grg

 

lmohbfogrlfs afbs mxmlp`fs, igstg `mlirgr qum g hgpbtg` hgrbfhg, motrm 7>59 m 729;, tmvm sug pfpu`gåèf urigog pgssgoaf am 99> lb` pgrg 52; lb` ngibtgotms, smeuoaf Lgurìhbf Girmu. G hgpbtg` pgu`bstg rmebstrfu, of lmslf pmrìfaf, ul hrmshblmotf gboag lgbs vmrtbebofsf, boaf am 98 lb` ngibtgotms pgrg hmrhg am qugtrfhmotfs lb`.amssm Omlhrmshblmotf, smlprm gs `bongs am fgigstmhblmotf botmrof ghflpgongrgl f rbtlf emrgoaf qum og âpfhg sm amoflbogvg hgrmstbg ‘ f gulmotf emomrg`bzgaf ofs prmåfs afs g`blmotfs. Gs rmvf`tgs abgotm amssg sbtugåèf mrgl gotbegs. M`gs fhfrrmrgl of pmrìfaf hf`fobg` m gtrgvmssgrgl f Blpârbf. Aurgotm g ofbtm am 9> am dmvmrmbrf am 7>=>, Xg`vgafr, og Ignbg, dfb pg`hf am ulg am`gs. ]lg lu`tbaèf sgbu ës rugs prftmstgoaf hfotrg g g`tg afs prmåfs afs g`blmotfs. Gfs erbtfs am ‐qumrmlfs hgrom sml fssf m dgrbong sml hgrfåf“, fs rmim`ams fhupgrgl g prgåg prbohbpg`, moqugotf futrfs erupfs bovgabrgl f [gåf ag Hélgrg m gpmarmcgrgl f pg`çhbf af efvmrof. G rmprmssèf dfb vbf`motg, rmebstrgoaf-sm ‐m`mvgaf oólmrf am dmrbafs, og sug lgbfrbg gtrfpm`gafs pm`fs hflpgonmbrfs ml dueg“. F lfvblmotf dfb igtbzgaf pm`fs cfrogbs ag âpfhg hflf Ymvf`uåèf afs Hnbom`fs, pfbs, gf ‐qum abzml, ogqum`g ofbtm m og lgonè smeubotm, g prgåg m gacghãohbgs mstgvgl hfg`ngags am hnbom`fs“, hflf hfotg Lgofm` [botf am Geubgr. Mlifrg brñobhgs, gs lgtârbgs  cfrog`ìstbhgs g`mrtgvgl pgrg f dgtf am qum g urigobzgåèf tfrogrg pftmohbg`lmotm lgbs glmgågafrgs gs rmvf`tgs hfotrg g hgrmstbg. [frtgotf, abvmrsbdbhgr g gerbhu`turg mrg ulg qumstèf am sfirmvbvãohbg, oèf sflmotm mhfoñlbhg hflf tgliâl pf`ìtbhg. G amdmsg amssm prfcmtf tbong rgìzms prfduoags. Ml dbos af sâhu`f ^TBBB, g abvmrsbdbhgåèf dfb pbfombrglmotm prgtbhgag pm`fs Cgrabos Iftéobhfs, hucg dbog`bagam prbohbpg` hfosbstbg og gh`blgtgåèf am p`gotgs mxøtbhgs fu of gprblfrglmotf afs hfonmhblmotfs ags mspâhbms ogtbvgs. Ml qum pmsml fs msdfråfs rmg`bzgafs ‘  hflf, pfr mxmlp`f, g `utg pm`g abvu`egåèf ag `gvfurg af hnç, ngvmoaf boh`usbvm g blpfrtgåèf am trgig`ngafrms hnbomsms, mspmhbg`bzgafs ml smu hu`tbvf ‘, mssms mstgim`mhblmotfs rgrglmotm sfirmvbvmrgl. Mxmlp`f abssf dfb f Nfrtf Iftéobhf ag hbagam am Xèf [gu`f, hrbgaf pfr `mb ml 7522, sug mdmtbvgåèf sø fhfrrmu ml 7>9=. Am pmqumof pfrtm m hfotgoaf hfl pfuhfs rmhursfs, g bostbtubåèf pgu`bstgog mohmrrfu sugs gtbvbagams ml 7>8>, tmoaf am mspmrgr gtâ 7>24 pgrg qum dfssml dmbtfs ofvfs msdfråfs ml prf` am sug rmhrbgåèf. Og lmtgam af sâhu`f ^B^, surebu ulg ofvg foag am bostbtubåýms vf`tgags pgrg g rmofvgåèf am ofssf luoaf

 

gerìhf`g. G prblmbrg am`gs dfb f Lbobstârbf afs Omeøhbfs ag Gerbhu`turg, Hflârhbf m Firgs [ói`bhgs. Hrbgaf ml 7>4;, f ofvf lbobstârbf ‘ bobhbg`lmotm amdbobaf hflf Ympgrtbåèf ‘ hfotfu hfl pfuhfs rmhursfs. Gboag gssbl rmebstrgl-sm msdfråfs, mlifrg prf` ag mabvmrsbdbhgåèf afs hu`tbvfs. ml vbstg f pfamr afs tìlbafs, botmrmssmsmlgerçrbfs g prøprbg sfirmvbvãohbg agsQmoaf dbogoågs af Mstgaf ‘ lubtf ampmoamotm afs rmhursfs gavboafs afs blpfstfs sfirm gs mxpfrtgåýms ‘, oèf â am mstrgongr g ergoam prmfhupgåèf efvmroglmotg` ml botrfauzbr lm`nfrglmotfs og `gvfurg trgabhbfog`, hflf sui`bonfu Cfsâ Lurb`f am Hgrvg`nf. Gssbl, ml smu prblmbrf rm`gtørbf, f lbobstrf ag Gerbhu`turg amh`grfu3 ‐Hfotboufu tgliâl g dgzmr-sm g abstrbiubåèf am luags am hgdâ, m am hgog-am-gåóhgr, vboags ags b`ngs Lgurìhbf, m ag Ymuobèf, pm`fs `gvrgafrms ags prfvìohbgs am Xgotg Hgtgrbog, Xèf [gu`f, [grgoç, Ybf am Cgombrf, Mspìrbtf Xgotf, Ignbg, Xmrebpm, [mrogliuhf, [grgìig m Hmgrç“. [grg`m`glmotm rmebstrgrgl-sm tmotgtbvgs am abvu`egåèf am ofvgs `gvfurgs m p`gotgåýms. Gpøs qubozm gofs am duohbfoglmotf, dfb dmbtg ulg `bstgeml ags mspâhbms botrfauzbags fu prflfvbags pm`f lbobstârbf. [grg gtmoamr ës ‐rmqubsbåýms abrbebags am lubtfs pfotfs af Blpârbf“, blpfrtgrgl-sm muhg`bptfs ag Gustrç`bg: ag Drgoåg vbmrgl smlmotm am trbef m luags am f`bvmbrgs, mspg`ngags motrm gerbhu`tfrms am Xgotg Hgtgrbog m Lbogs Emrgbs: ag b`ng ag Lgambrg blpfrtgrgl-sm vbambrgs, tmoaf sbaf movbgags ‐pgrg Xèf [gu`f luags ags lm`nfrms mspâhbms“. [rfvmobmotms af ]rueugb m ag Gremotbog vbmrgl smlmotms am g`dgdg, abstrbiuìags ml vçrbgs pgrtms af tmrrbtørbf irgsb`mbrf hflf rmvm`g ul Ym`gtørbf ag Ympgrtbåèf afs Omeøhbfs ag Gerbhu`turg, Hflârhbf m Firgs [ói`bhgs am 7>47. Tbg-sm gì, ulg gtbtuam gliìeug drmotm ë pf`bhu`turg. G abvmrsbdbhgåèf afs p`gotbfs mrg ghflpgongag pm`g mxpmhtgtbvg af sureblmotf am ul ofvf prfautf am mxpfrtgåèf, am ulg ofvg lfofhu`turg, rbvg` ë `gvfurg hgdmmbrg. Gs prmfhupgåýms oèf bohbabgl gpmogs sfirm g gerbhu`turg, pfbs hflf amlfostrfu Ymogtf Tmogohbf, g pmhuçrbg dfb beug`lmotm g`vf am prmfhupgåýms pfr pgrtm af Lbobstârbf ag Gerbhu`turg af Blpârbf. G qumstèf hmotrg` mrg g ag amemomrgåèf ags rgågs ifvbogs. Qrgtgvg-sm am ul tmlfr hflul ës Glârbhgs m igsmgvg-sm og hfostgtgåèf am qum, motrm fs sâhu`fs ^TB m ^B^, g lgbfr pgrtm af egaf `fhg` ngvbg sbaf hrbgag ml mstgaf sm`vgeml. Mrgl, og pfâtbhg mxprmssèf am âpfhg, ‐ifbs gf vmotf“, `gregafs

ofs hglpfs m ampfbs gigtbafs pfr lmbf ag hgåg. F prfi`mlg â qum sm

 

gigtbgl fs goblgbs am lgbfr pfrtm. Ml `foef `foe f prgzf, f egaf bodmrbfr tmoabg g prmvg`mhmr, agoaf frbeml g ul rmigonf pâ-aurf, qum, of boìhbf ag Ympói`bhg, mrg g`vf am ulg botmosg zmiudfibg. Gs vghgs gf vmotf tgliâl emrgvgl prfi`mlgs. G prfauåèf `mbtmbrg dbhgvg ergvmlmotm hflprflmtbag. ]lg framong,pgrg qugoaf iml-suhmabag, trgig`ngafrms blfib`bzgr f goblg`. pfabg ampmoamr am afbs fu trãs Abgotm amssg sbtugåèf, f Lbobstârbf ag Gerbhu`turg amdmoabg g hrbgåèf am dgzmoags-lfam`f. Amdmoabg, tgliâl, `mbs qum bsmotgssml ‐afs abrmbtfs am tfom`geml“ fs ogvbfs blpfrtgafrms am egaf am ‐rgågs gpmrdmbåfgags“. Lgbs ulg vmz, pfrâl, g dfråg ag trgabåèf prmvg`mhmu. Xflmotm ml g`euos pfuhfs `uegrms f usf am hmrhgs hflmåfu g sm emomrg`bzgr. [fr bssf lmslf, gs gvg`bgåýms lbobstmrbgbs mrgl qugsm smlprm pmssblbstgs3 ‐Â dfrg am aóvbag qum gs rgågs hgvg`grms, ifvbogs m gs am futrfs goblgbs qum sm prmstgl gf smrvbåf am trgospfrtm, gfs abvmrsfs lbstmrms ag gerbhu`turg, fu dfromhml-ofs g igsm ag g`blmotgåèf, vèf amemomrgoaf gtâ ogs prfvìohbgs qum lgbs sm abstboeubgl pm`f amsmovf`vblmotf ag boaóstrbg pgstfrb`.“ Blpfrtgvgl-sm tgliâl hgrombrfs afs Mstgafs ]obafs m ag Gremotbog, abstrbiuìafs motrm pmhugrbstgs af [grgoç m am Lbogs Emrgbs. M g `bstg am ofvfs goblgbs botrfauzbafs oèf pgrg pfr gì. Mbs f qum `mlfs of rm`gtørbf am 7>583 F Efvmrof tml prfhurgaf hfotrbiubr pgrg qum fs hrbgafrms am egaf gp`bquml sug gtmoåèf gf lm`nfrglmotf ags rgågs goblgbs am qum hurg gqum`g boaóstrbg. [fr sug hfotg tãl sbaf blpfrtgafs hgvg`fs çrgims, arflmaçrbfs af Mebtf, hgrombrfs ags rgågs Omermttb m Yglifub``mt, hgirgs, g`pghgs, `nglgs, m abstrbiuìafs g pmssfgs qum pgrmhbgl bañomgs pgrg trgtç-`fs m prflfvmrml, ml imomdìhbf ag boaóstrbg oghbfog`, g emomrg`bzgåèf agqum`gs prfvmbtfsgs mspâhbms.

 

Cgrabos iftéobhfs3 `fhgbs am pmsqubsg m `gzmr. XBXXFO, Xâigstbmo Gueustm. F Cgrabl Iftgobhf. Iftgobhf. Z7>--\. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 Ç@I]L AF YBF AM CGOMBYF LFAMYOF. ZEYGT]YG ZEYG T]YG 8\.

Mxmlp`f abssf dfb g cç lmohbfogag m drustrgag tmotgtbvg am gagptgåèf am arflmaçrbfs of smlbçrbaf oframstbof. G lmabag mrg amdmoabag amsam 7>85, qugoaf f prmsbamotm am prfvìohbg af Hmgrç gprfvfu ulg `mb lgoagoaf vbr ags ‐Hgoçrbgs fu af Mebtf, pfr Ebirg`tgr, afbs hgsgbs am hglm`fs“. Qgliâl amoflbogafs tgbs goblgbs tãl mofrlm rmsbstãohbg m dfråg dìsbhg, smoaf hglm`fs-çrgims, hgpgzms am hgrrmegr motrm 7=;je m 8;;je. G`âl abssf, sm

 

ams`fhgl hfl dghb`bagam ml tmrrmofs lfotgonfsfs. Xug hgrom m `mbtm sèf igstgotm outrbtbvfs. G `è m f hfurf, mxhm`motms. Oml lmslf sug efraurg â amstbtuìag am utb`bagam, pfamoaf smr mlprmegag pgrg b`ulbogåèf. Oèf igstgssm bssf, f usf afs arflmaçrbfs of trgig`nf gerìhf`g mrg hfrrmotm ml g`eulgs Mspgongm mHuig. Btç`bg.Of Ofmstgaf Ofvf ofrtm-glmrbhgof Luoaf, rmebstrgvg-sm smu usf of [mru, rmebýms Cglgbhg,agIf`ìvbg ag Tbreìobg, gs prblmbrgs mxpmrbãohbgs movf`vmoaf sug gh`blgtgåèf agtgl af sâhu`f ^TBBB.

 

[ÇEBOGX 784 M 785 

 Ml rm`gtørbfs (‐dg``gs“), pr prmsbamotms msbamotms am prfvìohbg amdmoabgl g hrbgåèf am hglm`fs çrgims fu arflmaçrbfs. a rflmaçrbfs. ‐Ym`gtørbf afs trgig`nfs af Hfosm`nf Botmrbof am Efvmrof“ (7>98 g 7>>2). IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZNMLMYFQMHG\.

Amssg dfrlg, oèf ngvbg ogag am gomaøtbhf ml sm blpfrtgr hglm`fs. Og âpfhg, g pmhuçrbg oframstbog vbvbg ulg prfduoag hrbsm, oèf sø pm`fs lftbvfs  cç gpfotgafs, hflf tgliâl pm`f aflìobf hrmshmotm af hngrqum egóhnf og lmsg ags pfpu`gåýms `btfréomgs. F hglm`f pfabg smr g sg`vgåèf pgrg lubtfs pmhugrbstgs, lgs oèf dfb. [fr quã6 Mspmhbg`bstgs pýml g hu`pg ofs trmos. F prbohbpg` usf afs arflmaçrbfs smrbg hflf goblgbs am hgreg. G emomrg`bzgåèf ags sm mstrgags am dmrrfabgotm tmrbg am blpmabaf mssgammvf`uåèf. M fs dgzmoambrfs, hflf pfsbhbfogvgl ul prfcmtf abvmrsbdbhgåèf am ofssg gerfpmhuçrbg6 Frg, omssm lmbf hfostgtg-sm dfrtm gpmef ë rftbog. [grg sm tmr ofåèf abssf, igstg `mlirgr qum fs trãs prbohbpgbs prfautfs am mxpfrtgåèf ofs gofs 7>9; ‘ gåóhgr, g`efaèf m hgdâ ‘ hfotbougvgl g smr aflbogotms og aâhgag am 7>>;: gs g`tmrgåýms rmebstrgags abzbgl rmspmbtf gpmogs gf lgbfr fu lmofr vf`ulm hflmrhbg`bzgaf. F gpmef ë trgabåèf mrg, amssg dfrlg, g`ef hflul ë lgbfrbg af luoaf gerìhf`g, lgs ngvbg mxhmåýms. G prfermssbvg botmrdmrãohbg af Mstgaf, gif`boaf f trçdbhf botmroghbfog` am gdrbhgofs m `bimrtgoaf ergaug`lmotm fs mshrgvfs, mstblu`fu gamfregobzgåèf smtfrms af`bvrms luoaf ag @mb af Tmotrm @bvrm, 7>57, qum am hfosbamrfu fs rurg`. db`nfsDfb agsf hgsf hgtbvgs ogshbafs g pgrtbr am motèf. Gtâ lmgafs af sâhu`f ^B^, gs gssfhbgåýms gerçrbgs mrgl rgrgs m vf`tgags pgrg dbos abvmrsfs, hflf g Xfhbmagam am Gerbhu`turg, Hflârhbf m Boaóstrbg ag [rfvìohbg ag Ignbg, duoagag ml 7>89, fu g Xfhbmagam [rflftfrg ag Hf`fobzgåèf, am 7>84. Amsam 7>=;, g sbtugåèf sm g`tmrfu m gssbstbu g ulg botmosg dfrlgåèf am gssfhbgåýms rurgbs rmebfogbs: gtâ 7>22 dfrgl hrbgags hmrhg am fbtmotg am`gs hflf amlfostrfu g nbstfrbgafrg Xfobg Ymebog am Lmoafoåg. Hfl hmrtmzg, vçrbgs amssgs motbagams, hflf fs H`uims ag @gvfurg, giuoagotms og aâhgag am 7>>;, mstgvgl g smrvbåf ag trgabåèf, m amdmoabgl grauglmotm f sbstmlg mshrgvbstg. [fr futrf `gaf, tgbs gssfhbgåýms rurgbs sm tfrogvgl tgliâl

mspgåf pgrg abshussèf am bofvgåýms. Bssf fhfrrmu ml 7>5>, qugoaf sm

 

rmg`bzgrgl afbs Hfoermssfs Gerìhf`gs, ul smabgaf of Ybf am Cgombrf, futrf ml Ymhbdm. F prblmbrf dfb hfovfhgaf pm`f Lbobstârbf ag Gerbhu`turg, m f smeuoaf, pm`g Xfhbmagam Guxb`bgafrg ag Gerbhu`turg am [mrogliuhf. Fs afbs hfoermssfs =44 Lbogs dgzmoambrfs, agsYbf prfvìohbgs smams, gssbl hflf rmuobrgl am Xèf [gu`f, Emrgbs,prfvmobmotms Mspìrbtf Xgotf, Ergoam af Xu`, Hmgrç, Ybf Ergoam af Ofrtm, [grgìig, G`gefgs m Xmrebpm. Fs rmsu`tgafs rmvm`grgl pfsturgs bofvgafrgs3 ‐G ergoam lgbfrbg afs pgrtbhbpgotms amssms hfoermssfs am 7>5> cç tbong amsbstbaf am pmosgr ml lmbfs am hfotfrogr gs `mbs gif`bhbfobstgs am 7>=; m 7>57 m rmhfonmhbg qum fs ofvfs irgåfs g smr bohfrpfrgafs og ergoam `gvfurg tmrbgl am smr `bvrms“, hflmotg f nbstfrbgafr [mtmr Mbsmoimre. Fs dgzmoambrfs tgliâl trgtgrgl am abshutbr ulg qumstèf, bospbrgag oul dfrlu`çrbf abstrbiuìaf pm`f Lbobstârbf ag Gerbhu`turg3 ‐Og `gvfurg tãl-sm botrfauzbaf lm`nfrglmotfs6 Wugbs6 Nç ureãohbg am futrfs6 Hflf rmg`bzç-`fs6“. Ergågs ghólu`fofvgs amssgsdfrlgs mxpmrbãohbgs ‘ sflgags ës afs Hflìhbfs Gerìhf`gs, qum gf amigtmrgl am trgig`nf of hglpf  ‘, surebrgl hfoabåýms prfpìhbgs ë dfrlgåèf am gssfhbgåýms gerçrbgs oghbfogbs, hflf g Xfhbmagam Irgsb`mbrg pgrg g Goblgåèf ag Gerbhu`turg, ml 7>21, m g Xfhbmagam Oghbfog` am Gerbhu`turg, ml 7>25.

 

l 7>=;, a. [marf BB mrg ul lfåf cfvml m ifobtf, gpmsgr ag efraurg qum hflmågvg g sm mspg`ngr. G`tf, am dmbåýms smvmrgs, lfafs `motfs, tbong ul pgr am f`nfs gzubs hflf hfotgs, sfirmssgboaf oul rfstf lubtf irgohf. Lgbs fuvbg af qum dg`gvg, m am`m mlgogvg ul smotblmotf am

M

amshfodbgoåg ml rm`gåèf gf botmr`fhutfr. Ygrglmotm gs pmssfgs dbhgvgl ë vfotgam og hflpgonbg af blpmrgafr. [fabg-sm rmsulb-`f oulg óobhg pg`gvrg3 rmsmrvgaf. Ës vmzms mrg vbstf og im`g igìg am Iftgdfef tflgoaf igonf am lgr hfl g dglì`bg. Ml pf`ìtbhg, mssm dfb f lflmotf ag gssbogturg ag @mb am Qmrrgs, surebag ml ulg âpfhg am botmosgs trgosdfrlgåýms sfhbgbs m pf`ìtbhgs af Blpârbf, m prblmbrg bobhbgtbvg of smotbaf am fregobzgr g prfprbmagam prbvgag of Irgsb`. Augs smlgogs gotms ag gprfvgåèf, ml 7> am smtmlirf am 7>=;, ag abtg @mb of  4;7, f efvmrof blpmrbg` hrblbog`bzfu f trçdbhf omermbrf of Irgsb` pfr lmbf ag gprfvgåèf ag @mb Musâibf am Wumbrfz. Am dgtf, mssgs augs `mbs mstgvgl botblglmotm `begags, pfbs f dbl ag blpfrtgåèf am mshrgvfs smrbg suistbtuìaf pfr gåýms qum bohmotbvgvgl g utb`bzgåèf ag lèf am firg gssg`grbgag afs blbergotms murfpmus. Of lmslf gof, hrbfu-sm g [rfvìohbg af Glgzfogs, amslmlirgag af Erèf-[grç. F Blpârbf rflpmu rm`gåýms hfl f efvmrof am Cugo Lgoum` am Yfsgs, oghbfog`bstg hfovbhtf m prmsbamotm ag Hfodmamrgåèf Gremotbog. Omssg âpfhg, a. [marf BB cç mstgvg hgsgaf m ghgigrg am pmramr futrf db`nf, [marf Gdfosf. Tf`tgoaf ul pfuhf gtrçs3 hfl g lgbfrbagam af blpmrgafr, ngvbgl-sm mohmrrgaf gs abvmreãohbgs pf`ìtbhgs qum glmgågvgl f pgìs. Fs pf`ìtbhfs, motèf, rmsf`vmrgl grrulgr g vbag af cfvml rmhâl-sgìaf ag gaf`mshãohbg. Movbgrgl ul Aurgotm lbobstrf gafbs Tbmog, tmrrgf afs gvøs lgtmrofs, pgrg `nm grrgocgr ulg ofbvg. gofs, movbgaf tmotfu amsmspmrgaglmotm mohfotrgr ulg sf`uåèf. F qum amtbong Drgohbshf BB, tbf af cfvml6 G `mlirgoåg am qum a. [marf B lg`trgtgrg sug brlè, afog @mfpf`abog6 G pfuhg blpfrtéohbg qum tbong f Blpârbf af Irgsb` ogs msdmrgs botmroghbfogbs6 F dgtf â qum f mohgrrmegaf irgsb`mbrf sgbu am lèfs gigogoaf.

 

 G hrbsm ag lfogrqubg dfb dfb rmtrgtgag hfl nulfr. nulfr.  Ymvbstg B``ustrgag, B``ustrgag, Ybf am Cgombrf, gof 5, o³ 9>8, p. 1, 97 cgo. 7>>9. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZNMLMYFQMHG\.

G sf`uåèf vmbf pfr ul botmrlmabçrbf ag hfrtm am Oçpf`ms. @ç lfrgvg ulg prbohmsg abspfoìvm`3 mrg brlè af rmb Dmrogoaf B m sfirbong ag gvø am a. [marf BB, Hgr`ftg Cfgqubog. Dfb gdgstgag ag hfrtm, pfbs pmramu f pgb hmaf, m sug lèm hgsfu-sm hfl ul fdbhbg` lmofr. G cfvml, hnglgag Q Qmrmsg mrmsg Hrbstbog, hrmshmu oul glibmotm dmbtf am trgabåèf, lmaf m botrgosbeãohbg, mlf`aurgaf pm`fs hfovmotfs qum agvgl g Oçpf`ms ul gspmhtf trbstm. Xug mauhgåèf dfb `blbtgag ë hmstg am hfsturg, gf pbgof m gf hgotf. Abzml g`euos qum ‐oèf pmosgvg ml ogag“. Lgs, sm oèf pmosgvg, smotbg. M smotbg lubtf3

 

Lmu lubtf hgrf prblf m duturf mspfsf. [måf g Tfssg Lgcmstgam amshu`pgr-lm sm oèf rmspfoaf ml pfrtueuãs ë vfssg emotb` hgrtg, lgs gboag oèf mstfu of mstuaf amssg `ìoeug pgrg mshrmvmr hfrrmtglmotm m oèf qumrf rmhfrrmr g futrfs, pgrg vfs tmstmluongr, lmu hgrf prblf, qugotf mstfu Ymhmif sgtbsdmbtg mshf`ngm prgzmr am lbong pmssfg pgrgvøs vfssg hflpgonmbrg. hflpm`g hfodbgoåg g hmrtmzg am qum lm agbs am qumrmr dgzmr g lbong dm`bhbagam: mstmcg hmrtf am qum mu tgliâl dgrmb tuaf f qum ampmoamr am lbl pgrg hfotrbiubr pgrg g am Tfssg Lgcmstgam: tfaf f lmu amsmcf â am `nm gergagr m am lmrmhmr g gdmbåèf am vfssfs amsmcfs. Ë hgrtbong cuotfu ulg lbobgturg. Om`g, ulg msp`ãoabag lfrmog lbrgvg f botmr`fhutfr. Xø qum g pboturg oèf hfrrmspfoabg ë rmg`bagam. B`uabaf, f blpmrgafr goftfu ml smu abçrbf3 ‐â lub im`g m abzml, pfoamrgag m bostruìag“. Moglfrfu-sm am ul rmtrgtf. F hgsglmotf dfb rmg`bzgaf pfr prfhurgåèf m g ofbvg mligrhfu pgrg f Irgsb`. Of abg 8 am smtmlirf am 7>18, gf hgbr ag tgram, g mligoambrgag drgegtg Hfostbtubåèf Hfostbtubåèf gamotrfu  gamotrfu g igìg ag Eugogigrg. F rmhâl-hgsgaf oèf geumotfu mspmrgr m pgrtbu rçpbaf, pgrg mohfotrgr g ‐im`g“ prbohmsg. Lgs rmhmimu ulg auhng em`gag. G h`guabhgotm hrbgturg mlmrebu of hfovâs, blp`faboaf fs sfonfs ghg`motgafs aurgotm lmsms. Gfs lmlirfs af hfrpf abp`flçtbhf prmsmotm ogag mshgpfu3 ‐tmrbg amsgprfvgaf g abdmrmoåg am bagam“, ‐igstgotm mligrgåfsf“, ‐dfb ulg trbstm ghf`nbag“. G cfvml sm rmhf`nmu ml `çerblgs cuotf ë sug aglg3 ‐F blpmrgafr oèf efstfu am lbl“. Am vf`tg gf pg`çhbf, a. [marf hnfrgvg of flirf am smu lfraflf3 ‐Lm moegogrgl!“

 

Oèf mrg pfssìvm` amspghngr am vf`tg g ofbvg, oml, tglpfuhf, rflpmr f hfotrgtf. Gdbog`, rmbs oèf hgsgvgl pfr blpu`sfs rfléotbhfs, lgs pfr rgzýms am Mstgaf. A. [marf BB tbong am sm hfodfrlgr. G mspfsg oèf mrg ifobtg, lgs, emotb` m ifg. Wum f`ngssm gs qug`bagams. Nfuvm gtf rm`bebfsf, igoqumtm, imbcg-lèf, grhfs am d`frms m lubtgs dmstgs pfpu`grms. Huonfu-sm ulg lmag`ng3 ‐Qmrrg m hâu cglgbs vbrgl tgotg vmoturg“. F blpmrgafr pgrmhbg ‐prmfhupgaf m motmabgaf“ gfs f`nfs am fismrvgafrms. Ml pói`bhf, sm lfstrgvg em`gaf hfl Qmrmsg Hrbstbog. Lg` `nm dg`gvg of tmgtrf, agoaf gtmoåèf gfs hglgrbstgs. Lubtgs vmzms, dboebg qum oèf g fuvbg. Abzbg-sm, hfotuaf, qum sø og botblbagam tbong gtmoåýms pgrg hfl m`g. G blpmrgtrbz mrg, smeuoaf g blprmosg, ulg lu`nmr ifoghnfog, ‐ul gocf am ifoagam“, afog am ‐lèf hgrbafsg“, bohgpgz am ‐grrgohgr ul emlbaf am afr gf hfrgåèf afs irgsb`mbrfs“. [gssgvg f tmlpf g dgzmr ifgs gåýms. Lgs sm pfssuìg ul hgrçtmr afhm, dbsbhglmotm mrg ul amsgstrm. Qbong f ogrbz afs gohmstrgbs, ml dfrlgtf am imrbocm`g, f`nfs lbóafs, `çibfs mstrmbtfs, qumbxf aurf. Fs hgim`fs mshurfs glgrrgafs ml igoaøs sfirm g frm`ng

ghmotugvgl gs vmotgs g`foegags. Xfrrbg pfuhf. Gs pmrogs mxhmssbvglmotm grqumgags pfr amigbxf ags sgbgs agvgl g blprmssèf am qum m`g lgohgvg.

 

Hnbh6 Ogag. Ergågs6 [fuhgs. Xø g vfz am hfotrg`tf qum mxmrhbtgvg ml Hnbh6 pmqumofs trmhnfs am øpmrg btg`bgog m g dghb`bagam hfl qum ghflpgongvg f pbgof. Hfrrmspfoabg gf bamg` qum sm tbong og âpfhg pgrg ulg lu`nmr hgsgag3 ifg lèm m mspfsg aøhb`. Of lgbs, bofdmosbvg. Xmu mohfotrf hfl f prblf dfb rmsu`tgaf am ul hgsglmotf grrgocgaf, hflf tgotfs qum sm dgzbgl of sâhu`f ^B^. G vbag motrfu og rftbog. Am Xèf Hrbstøvèf bgl gf Hmotrf, gssbstbgl g Qm-Amuos m Qm-Amuos  m hmrblñobgs fdbhbgbs, drmqumotgvgl f tmgtrf m øpmrgs. Wugoaf f lgrbaf sm gusmotgvg, g mspfsg `nm hfirbg am ib`nmtms gpgbxfogafs3 Hgrf [marf. Dgz cç smbs nfrgs qum lm smpgrmb am tb m oèf pfssf lm hfosf`gr m g bambg am qum oèf tm vmrmb smoèf glgonè, lm gd`bem. Mspmrf blpghbmotmlmotm tugs oftìhbgs, m hflf dbzmstm m mspmrf qum ogag am rubl tm tmong ghfotmhbaf m qum g hnuvg qum tflgstm oèf tmong tm dmbtf lg`. Oèf ghnmb pruamotm qum tbvmssms baf g hgvg`f pfr hglbonfs qum oèf sèf ifos hfl mssm tmlpf… [måf-tm oèf msqumhmr ulg glbeg sbohmrg qum pmosg smlprm ml tb. Imbcf-tm gdmtufsglmotm m sfu pgrg tfag g vbag, tug gdmtufsg mspfsg Qmrmsg. Qmrmsg. Of lgbs ags vmzms, sm amspmabg hfl ul ‐gamus lmu qumrbaf [marf, geugraf hfl blpghbãohbg f abg am glgonè pgrg tm imbcgr“. M`m rmspfoabg hfl ul ‐gdmbåfgaf m sguafsf mspfsf, [marf“. Fs db`nfs hnmegvgl m pgrtbgl. F prblmbrf dfb rmhmibaf pm`fs irgåfs af pgb freu`nfsf, `fef qum ogshmu3 ‐ul prìohbpm am Amus“, mxh`glfu a. [marf. Mrg f 98 am dmvmrmbrf am 7>1=. Hnglgrgl-of Gdfosf [marf. Oèf rmhmimu f oflm am [marf, abzml ibøergdfs, pfbs sm tmlbg g trgabåèf ag hgsg am Irgegoåg smeuoaf fs qugbs prblfeãobtfs lfrrbgl pmqumobofs. G hrbgoåg dfb hfoauzbag g pbg igtbslg` hfl motusbgslf, pfbs gdgstgvg qug`qumr aóvbag sfirm g suhmssèf af blpmrgafr. A. [marf BB ambxgvg am smr f ‐ørdèf ag pçtrbg“, hflf mrg hfonmhbaf, pgrg smr f hnmdm ag hgsg irgsb`mbrg, sgabg m dmhuoag. Ampfbs af ogshblmotf af prblmbrf db`nf, lu`tbp`bhgvgl-sm fs ‐mstblf qum tmongs pgssgaf iml, gssbl hflf ofssf Gdfosbonf“, ag pgrtm am`m. M ‐ofssf pmqumof Gdfosbonf mstç iml g`merm m oèf lm hgosf am imbcç-`f pfr

 

tb“, am`g. Ë lmabag qum f tmlpf pgssgvg, m`g, ‐rfef-tm qum lm mshrmvgs drmqumotmlmotm“. M m`m, ‐ul girgåf af tmu msqumhbaf [marf“. Ml 92 am cu`nf am 7>14, dfb g vmz ag prbohmsg Bsgim`, hucf oflm sm amvmu ë gvø lgtmrog m ës augs rgbongs sgotgs, g ag Nuoerbg, sug pgtrfog, m g am Qmvm am im`f7>15, igtbzgaf af rbf Cfraèf, Ml[frtueg`. 77 am cuonf mrg fhfl dblçeug afsvboag abgs dm`bzms. Lfrrmuogf[g`mstbog. prìohbpm blpmrbg` a. Gdfosf [marf am hfovu`sýms. ]l lãs ampfbs, ogshbg g prbohmsg @mfpf`abog, oflm ag prblmbrg blpmrgtrbz. G smeubr, hnmefu f db`nf amsmcgaf3 a. [marf Gdfosf, ml 72 am cu`nf am 7>1>. Lgs, am rmpmotm, ml 2 am cgombrf am 7>=;, a. [marf Gdfosf, tgliâl, og d`fr ag bagam, ‐tmrlbofu sug prmhbfsg mxbstãohbg og Blpmrbg` Dgzmoag am Xgotg Hruz“. G lfrtm af ó`tblf duturf nmrambrf dfb hfosbamrgag pm`g blprmosg ag âpfhg hflf ‐ulg hg`glbagam“. F pfvf gpbongaf ogs rugs vbu ml sb`ãohbf pgssgr f pmqumof hgbxèf. F blpmrgafr sm vf`tfu pgrg gs augs db`ngs, Bsgim` m @mfpf`abog. Mrg pgb `båýms amvftgaìssblf. Dgzbg mpmssfg`lmotm `mbturgs pgrg gs lmobogs, agvg-`nms am lgtmlçtbhg `gtbl, mxp`bhgvg-`nms dìsbhg. Mshf`nbg g amaf fs prfdmssfrms am boe`ãs, g`mlèf, lbomrg`febg, emf`febg m nbstørbg. Xfdrblmotf m trbstmzg lgrhgrgl g lèm m rgbong. F `utf mrg tgliâl ulg amrrftg. Oèf prfhrbgrbg lgbs. Dmhnfu-sm oulg afr sflirbg m sb`mohbfsg. Mssms smotblmotfs smhrmtfs mstmoamrgl motrm fs mspfsfs ul vâu qum sm mspmssfu abg g abg. [mrlgomhmu hfrgcfsglmotm of hìrhu`f afs smus amvmrms, og mspmrgoåg qum mssm prfhmablmotf `nm rmstbtuìssm smu ‐qumrbaf [marf“. Qg`, pfrâl, oèf ghfotmhmu. Hfohmotrfu-sm, motèf, ogs db`ngs. [grtbhbpgvg hfl m`gs afs rbtfs ag Xmlgog Xgotg. Bgl cuotgs vmr gs lçshgrgs of hgrogvg`. Cç nç g`euos gofs, g dglì`bg blpmrbg` m fs abp`flgtgs mstrgoembrfs sm ngvbgl ngibtugaf g suibr g smrrg of vmrèf pgrg duebr af hg`fr m ags dmirms qum gssf`gvgl f Ybf am Cgombrf. Xmeuoaf ibøergdfs, ml [mtrøpf`bs, f blpmrgafr pgrmhbg ul hbagaèf hflul. Tmstbaf Tmstbaf am hgsghg prmtg, hngpâu g`tf, bosìeobg af Qfsèf am Furf og `gpm`g, pgssmgvg og hbagam, hf`nbg d`frms of  cgrabl m bg ë mxpfsbåèf of [g`çhbf am Hrbstg`. Gprmhbgvg tflgr auhngs, lfag qum sm bostg`gvg og hgpbtg`. Lubtf lmtøabhf, rmebstrgvg oul abçrbf sugs gtbvbagams3 ghfragr ës smbs: mstuagr ermef fu nmirgbhf gtâ smtm: pgssmgr gtâ fbtf: am ofvf, ermef fu nmirgbhf gtâ ës amz. G`lfåf. Af lmbf abg ës qugtrf, mstuafs fu mxglm am omeøhbfs: cgotgr ës qugtrf, pgssmbf gtâ hbohf m

qugtrf, mstuafs fu mxglm am omeøhbfs: cgotgr ës qugtrf, pgssmbf gtâ hbohf m lmbg. Gotms am br afrlbr, ës fozm nfrgs, oèf ambxgvg am mshrmvmr smu abçrbf.

 

Ygrglmotm f hgsg` fdmrmhbg rmhmpåýms fu igb`ms m tglpfuhf fs drmqumotgvg. F blpmrgafr oèf agoågvg m fptfu pfr ul mxhmssf am bodfrlg`bagam. Eustgvm Gblgra, rflgohbstg drgohãs am pgssgeml of Ybf am Cgombrf, hfotg qum ul abg motrfu pm`f pg`çhbf sml qum oboeuâl f bohflfagssm. [mreuotfu pfr a. [marf. ‐Ml drmotm, og smeuoag pfrtg ë msqumrag“, rmspfoamu ul hglgrbstg. Ofs prblmbrfs sçigafs af lãs, f blpmrgafr rmhmibg f hfrpf abp`flçtbhf. Ofs sçigafs smeubotms, ngvbg guabãohbg pói`bhg am hbohf ës smtm nfrgs ag tgram. Wug`qumr ul pfabg motrgr, gtâ ‐f lgbs nulb`am omerf ml hnbom`fs fu pâs amshg`åfs“. Hfotfu ul vbsbtgotm. Futrf gboag sm rmhfragvg am qum, hmrtg dmbtg, ulg smonfrg omerg ambxfu hgbr pgpâbs gf hnèf. A. [marf gigbxfu-sm pgrg pmeç-`fs. Ml emrg`, m`m goftgvg gs qumbxgs m gs rmpgssgvg gfs lbobstrfs. F [g`çhbf am Xèf Hrbstøvèf mrg ‐lfib`bgaf pfirmlmotm m lg`-hfosmrvgaf“, smeuoaf vçrbfs fismrvgafrms. Qg` amspfcglmotf pm`fsfmstrgoembrfs, pm`fsmrmpui`bhgofs, qum pgssgvgl mrg pm`flg`vbstf Irgsb`. Xml prmstìebf agslmslf hmrblñobgs ags prçtbhgs usgags ogs hfrtms murfpmbgs, g irgsb`mbrg pgrmhbg ‐ul eg`bonmbrf“, smeuoaf f abp`flgtg Tbhmotm Wumsgag. Ml 5 am smtmlirf am 7>59, f Blpârbf hflmlfrfu f hboqumotmoçrbf am sug Boampmoaãohbg. Nfuvm dmstgs ml tfags gs prfvìohbgs. Aurgotm qugsm augs aâhgags, a. [marf BB mstmvm ë drmotm am ul pgìs sml ergoams trbiu`gåýms. Wugtrf gofs gotms af cuib`mu, pfrâl, g pgz pf`ìtbhg tbong hflmågaf g sm amspmabr af blpmrgafr. G amlbssèf am ul egibomtm `bimrg` m g oflmgåèf af igrèf am Hgxbgs ‘ ul dmrrmonf hfosmrvgafr ‘ pgrg f hflgoaf af mxârhbtf irgsb`mbrf og Eumrrg af [grgeugb, amu boìhbf g ulg suhmssèf am ghfotmhblmotfs qum sø hmssgrbg hfl sug amstbtubåèf ml 7>>2. Gdmtgaf pm`f abgimtms m pm`g bosudbhbãohbg hgraìghg, f blpmrgafr g`nmgvg-sm af luoaf. G vf`tg afs `bimrgbs, ml 7>5>, oèf ghg`lfu g ogåèf. Hflf iml rmsulm Maugraf Iumof, g ‐qumstèf rm`bebfsg“, gs lfrtms suhmssbvgs am Hgxbgs, Fsørbf, Ybf Irgohf, Ogiuhf, G`mohgr m Sghgrbgs, f h`glfr gif`bhbfobstg m g dmrlmotgåèf rmpui`bhgog pgrtbrgl f mabdìhbf blpmrbg` am g`tf g igbxf. ‐Xø f blpmrgafr oèf agvg pfr bssf, mlimibaf ml smus mstuafs am séoshrbtf, çrgim, pmrsg, nmirgbhf m tupb“, hrgvfu Hgpbstrgof am Girmu.

 

 [rbohmsg Bsgim`. LGRMY, Hgr`. Bsgim` Hgr`. Bsgim` [rbozmssbo vfo Irgsb`bmo,, sâh. ^B^. Irgsb`bmo HF@MÅÈF LGYQNG M MYBHF XQBHJM@, BOXQBQ]QF LFYMBYG XG@@MX.

M of abg 74 am ofvmlirf am ul vmrèf hnuvfsf, a. [marf BB rmhmimrbg am

ul hflgoagotm ag hgvg`grbg, g hfluobhgåèf am qum dfrg ampfstf m amvmrbg ambxgr f pgìs ‐of lgbs irmvm prgzf pfssìvm`“.

 

[ÇEBOGX 71> M 712 

@mqum hflmlfrgtbvf ag Fregobzgåèf [f`ìtbhg af Blpârbf af Irgsb`. Am df`ng,Tgrmtgs aup`g dghm, ml pgpm` pbotgaf. am prgtg afurgag, db`bergogags, mslg`tgags m amhfrgags hfl lftbvfs dbtflfrdfs. Xâh. ^B^. Hnbog. L]XM] HGXQYF LGRG, YBF AM CGOMBYF, L]XM] HNÇHGYG AF HÂ]. [ÇEBOGX 7=9 M 7=8 

F [g`çhbf Blpmrbg` mrg ul sfirgaf. LGY^, Qnmfafrm. af hglbonfQnmfafrm. Obvm`glmotf prfcmtgaf Obvm`glmotf pgrg agr ulg motrgag gf `gaf af [g`çhbf Blpmrbg` ag Ifg Tbstg3 Tbstg3 [rfcmtf grqubtmtñobhf. Z7>4-6\. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\.

f hfrgåèf af hftbabgof ag emotm irgsb`mbrg, g hgsg. M`g lgrhgvg gs luagoågs og fhupgåèf af mspgåf. Ymsf`vbg fs prfi`mlgs duoaglmotgbs ogshbafs ags omhmssbagams af abg g abg. Mrg, amsam smlprm, f `uegr ag prftmåèf, ul girbef hfotrg fs m`mlmotfs, hfotrg gs vgrbgåýms ag lmtmfrf`febg, hfotrg fs boblbefs, goblgbs fu nflmos. Lgs, gf lmslf tmlpf, m`g mrg ul mspgåf am trgig`nf, girbegoaf g`blmotfs, lçqubogs, bostrulmotfs vgrbgafs. Xfirmtuaf ogs hbagams qum hflmågvgl g hrmshmr of sâhu`f ^B^, lubtgs fdbhbogs oèf smpgrgvgl g vbag prbvgag afs smrvbåfs fdmrmhbafs. G hgsg af omefhbgotm fu af hflmrhbgotm mrg, tgliâl, ul motrmpfstf. G af rbhf rmotbstg ghf`nbg vçrbfs mlprmegafs qum amsmlpmongvgl abdmrmotms tgrmdgs. G afs prfdbssbfogbs `bimrgbs, smus gcuagotms m hfotgafrms. Om`gs, hrbgafs, mshrgvfs, fdbhbgbs, vbvbgl ml rm`gåýms prøxblgs. Ym`gåýms qum pfabgl smr fu oèf ngrlfobfsgs. G hfodrfotgåèf amssgs duoåýms hfl gs gtbvbagams dglb`bgrms, gs dfrlgs am

O

sfhbgib`bagam, fs blpmrgtbvfs rm`bebfsfs agvgl hfosbstãohbg g tgbs mspgåfs, foam fs boabvìaufs lfam`gvgl sugs vbags.

 

Og hgsg fbtfhmotbstg, g ofåèf am botblbagam fu prbvghbagam vgrbgvg am ghfraf hfl fs abdmrmotms erupfs. Ogs abdmrmotms dgbxgs sfhbgbs, f pgpm` ag dglì`bg amtmrlbogvg tgotf f usf am amtmrlbogafs ficmtfs, qugotf f hftbabgof ags pmssfgs. Xm gs lu`nmrms rmg`bzgvgl trgig`nfs aflâstbhfs, pfr mxmlp`f, ghulu`gvgl-sm lçqubogs fu hfzmr, boólmrgs pgom`gsfoam pgrg dgzmr afhms, sgièf fu ø`mf. [grg am gs dbgr hrbgoågs, surebgl hñlfafs irbohgvgl m mstuagvgl. G vbag afs hrbgafs m mshrgvfs luafu gtmoamoaf ës mxbeãohbgs am lfabslfs. Motrm fs gigstgafs, hfotrgtgvgl-sm lfraf-lfs m prmhmptfrms. G hfzbonmbrg mshrgvg amu `uegr gf hfzbonmbrf drgohãs fu btg`bgof. G abvbsèf afs pgpâbs tgliâl sm ghmotufu3 g lu`nmr mrg g rmprfautfrg m g hfosulbafrg. F nflml ‘ f trgig`nf m g prfauåèf ‘ dbhgvg dfrg af élibtf aflâstbhf. M`g ml hgsg. M`m og rug.

Luagoågs of lfrgr6 Lubtgs, pfbs g hgsg sm botmerfu gfs lfvblmotfs

mhfoñlbhfs m sfhbgbs qum trgosdfrlgvgl f Blpârbf. G hfostruåèf, gs lm`nfrbgs grqubtmtñobhgs qum tbvmrgl `uegr sm amsmovf`vmrgl gf sgifr ags

 

omhmssbagams, lgs, beug`lmotm, ags lfags. Ogs çrmgs rurgbs, tgbs luagoågs dfrgl lgbs `motgs. Ogs hbagams, lgbs ghm`mrgags. Nfuvm, pfrâl, gs qum, pmtrbdbhgags of tmlpf, hfotbougvgl g sm girbr pgrg gs rugs. M gqum`gs lgbs rbhgs qum sm gdgstgrgl. Duebrgl af igru`nf, ag prfxblbagam hfl fs mshrgvfs pgssgvglqum fdmrmhmoaf prfautfs. Afs `garýms m gssg`tgotms. pfirms m qum lmoabhgotms motèf igtbgl ë pfrtg, hfl dflm fu drbf. M Afs ags hgrrugemos m hfhnms qum tuaf mohnbgl am pfmbrg. Og smeuoag lmtgam af sâhu`f ^B^, g hgsg urigog smrç, lgbs m lgbs, f fpfstf ag rug. Amotrf am`g, pfuhf g pfuhf, sm blpñs ulg ofvg framl pgrg fs hflpfrtglmotfs, fs vg`frms m g dglì`bg. Ogshbgl mspgåfs am trgosbåèf motrm f botmrbfr m f mxtmrbfr, hfrrmspfoamoaf g ulg drfotmbrg qum sm tfrogrbg hgag vmz lgbs dfrtm motrm f pói`bhf m f prbvgaf. G âpfhg m g sfhbmagam hfodmrbgl ergoam blpfrtéohbg ë vbag prbvgag. Xmeuoaf g nbmrgrqubg sfhbg`, tgbs mspgåfs prftmebgl lgbs fu lmofs mdbhgzlmotm g botblbagam m f hfodfrtf, vg`frmsm of ofvfs qum sm lgtmrbg`bzgvgl ogs hfoabåýms am nbebmom, og amhfrgåèf lfib`bçrbf, hflf vmrmlfs lgbs ë drmotm. Og amhfrgåèf ags dghngags, of oólmrf am  cgom`gs m pfrtgs movbargågags sm mxbibgl g rbqumzg m g lfib`bagam sfhbg`. G g`vmogrbg suistbtubu f usf ag pmarg m hg` lbsturgag ë ergxg am ig`mbg. Afs sfirgafs am afbs, trãs fu qugtrf pgvblmotfs, mreubafs ofs tmrrmofs sml rmhuf drfotg` fu `gtmrg`, hfl sug lbsturg am cgrabl m qubotg` gfs duoafs, pgssfu-sm ës rmsbaãohbgs prfcmtgags sfi h`grg bod`uãohbg murfpmbg. Og ofvg dfrlg am lfrgr, prfspmrgrgl fs cgrabos froglmotgbs abssfhbgafs ag pgbsgeml foam futrfrg hrmshbgl nfrtg`bågs m sm hf`nbgl `grgocgs, `blýms, igogogs, glmbxgs m cgiutbhgigs. Qgbs çrvfrms sm ams`fhgrgl afs qubotgbs pgrg mohnmr am vmram f rmhuf drfotg` fu `gtmrg` ags hgsgs. Oèf lgbs sm gs vbgl abspmrsgs m lbsturgags gfs bom`utçvmbs pâs am hfuvm. Gefrg, mstgvgl hubagags ml hgotmbrfs m grrulgags am dfrlg g hrbgr im`f mdmbtf motrm pmarbongs m erglgafs hu`tbvgafs. Gqub m g`b, igohfs ghf`nbgl fs qum pgssmgvgl pm`f cgrabl.

 

 Botmrbfr ags hgsgs3 g tmotgtbvg am  pgrmhmr murfpmu. murfpmu. G.[.A.E.Z6\. Xjmthnms fd pfrtueumsm `bdm, lgoomrs, hfstulm goa hngrghtmr. hngrghtmr. 7>94. p. 7>7. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\.

Luafu g hgsg m luafu g rug tgliâl. F prfhmssf am hg`åglmotf af `mbtf hgrrfåçvm` m afs pgssmbfs cuotf ës hfostruåýms, f boìhbf ag b`ulbogåèf pói`bhg m fs prblørabfs ag grifrbzgåèf urigog of Irgsb` rmdfrågrgl gs luagoågs amotrf m dfrg ag lfrgabg, hfotrbiuboaf pgrg g trgosdfrlgåèf ag pgbsgeml. @motglmotm, bg dbhgoaf pgrg trçs g blgeml trgabhbfog` ag rmsbaãohbg urigog m smlburigog af Irgsb` af boìhbf af sâhu`f ^B^, lfrgag qum pgrmhbg tèf sblp`ms m ruablmotgr gf f`ngr murfpmu. Xbl, pfbs, og prblmbrg lmtgam

af ^B^, mstb`f amssgs hfostruåýms mrg uobdfrlm m, ag lmslg qumsâhu`f gs hgsgs af fsuióribf, gs rmsbaãohbgs urigogs mrgl hfostruìags am dfrlg pmarg

 

m hfimrtgs am tm`ngs. [grg f lbomrg`febstg m iftéobhf gustrìghf Cfngoo Mlgoum` [fn`, mssgs rmsbaãohbgs mrgl ‐lmsqubongs“, agoaf girbef g amz fu afzm pmssfgs qum vbvbgl ml pmqumogs ampmoaãohbgs m g`hfvgs. Amirmt tgliâl hgrghtmrbzfu gs hgsgs ag hbagam af Ybf am Cgombrf ml smus mshrbtfs, gdbrlgoaf mstrmbtgs m prfduoags, am hfrrmafr vbsbtgs agoaf pgrg g rug,smrml, qugrtfsmlamemrg`, afrlbr sbtugafs ampfbs aghfl sg`g,sg`g m ul qum hfoauzbg ag sg`g am cgotgr fu vgrgoag ë hfzbong m gfs gpfsmotfs afs mshrgvfs. F zfø`fef Xpbx m f iftéobhf Lgrtbus, fismrvgrgl qum g lgbfrbg ags hgsgs mrg dmbtg ‐hfl ergobtf lbóaf, fu lgambrg ofs pgvblmotfs supmrbfrms m hfimrtgs am tm`ngs“. Gs sghgags, ‐dmhngags m sflirbgs, ë lfag frbmotg`“, ngvbgl sbaf ‐rgsegags ml ig`hýms gimrtfs abgotm ags cgom`gs“, pfr framl supmrbfr. Cgom`gs qum hfotbougvgl g sm hfluobhgr hfl gs rugs. Emfrem Egraomr, qum mstmvm of Ybf am Cgombrf ml 7>85, lgbs am amz gofs ampfbs ag vbsbtg am [fn`, vbu lm`nfrglmotfs. Amshrmvmu ‐hgsgs mabdbhgags m og lgbfr pgrtm am pmarg“, boe`msg, ml emrg`Lgrbg am afbsErgngl, fu trãs pgvblmotfs.sf`baglmotm Gssbl tgliâl g mshrbtfrg m pbotfrg qum gs hfonmhmu hfl ‐trãs fu qugtrf pgvblmotfs, hfl tmtfs sg`bmotms, tf`mrgvm`lmotm im`fs“. Ogs rmsbaãohbgs urigogs af Ymhbdm, f moemonmbrf drgohãs @fubs Tgutnbmr fismrvfu g lmslg dfrlg am abstrbiubåèf botmrog afs hñlfafs ags hgsgs af Ybf am Cgombrf m am Xèf [gu`f3 sg`g og drmotm, ulg fu augs g`hfvgs m vgrgoag ofs duoafs ‘ hfl ul hfrrmafr `begoaf g sg`g ë vgrgoag. Lgrbg Ergngl, ag lmslg dfrlg qum Tgutnbmr, ambxfu rmebstrgags gs hgrghtmrìstbhgs ag grqubtmturg lgbs gotbeg af Ymhbdm3 ‐Gs hgsgs sèf am trãs fu qugtrf goagrms, dmbtgs am pmarg h`grg m sèf tfags hgbgags, hfl gs lf`aurgs ags pfrtgs m cgom`gs am pmarg pgrag. F goagr târrmf hfosbstm ml `fcgs fu g`fcglmotfs pgrg omerfs fu hgvg`grbågs, f goagr am hblg â emrg`lmotm gamqugaf pgrg mshrbtørbfs m grlgzâos. Fs gpgrtglmotfs pgrg rmsbaãohbg sèf lgbs ghblg, dbhgoaf g hfzbong emrg`lmotm of g`tf. [fr mstm lmbf, g pgrtm bodmrbfr ag hgsg sm hfosmrvg drmshg“. Ml Ymhbdm, gs hgsgs mrgl ‐am tbcf`fs, hfl trãs, qugtrf m lmslf hbohf goagrms“ ‘ gs lgbs gotbegs hfl gpmogs ul goagr, fu gpmogs f târrmf. Ml Xgotf Gotñobf, gs rugs mrgl `gregs, m fs mabdìhbfs, ‐lubtf g`tfs pgrg sug `greurg“, hfl `fcgs, grlgzâos, fdbhbogs m hfhnmbrgs of târrmf. Fs sfirgafs af Ymhbdm mrgl, ml emrg`, lgbs g`tfs qum fs af Ybf am Cgombrf m Xèf [gu`f. Hfohfrrbgl hfl m`ms, ml g`turg, g`euos sfirgafs ag Ignbg.

Ml Xg`vgafr, ogs prfxblbagams ag g`déoameg m af hgbs am amsmligrqum, ngvbg sfirgafs hfl ‐trãs, qugtrf m lmslf hbohf goagrms“, lgs oèf

 

hflpfrtgvgl lgbs qum trãs fu qugtrf cgom`gs og dghngag. Og hbagam igbxg, afs g`tfs sfirgafs, ngibtgvgl fs hflmrhbgotms: fs lgbs rbhfs pfssuìgl ‐hgsgs am hglpf fu hnçhgrgs ogs hf`bogs, dfrg af hmotrf ag hbagam“. Xpbx m Lgrtbus mshrmvmrgl sfirm f lgtmrbg` ags hfostruåýms ag hbagam g`tg am Xg`vgafr, gdbrlgoaf smrmlafprmaflbogotmlmotm am fupmarg. Fismrvg-sm, pfrtgotf, qum g hgsg urigog sâhu`f ^B^ mrg târrmg gssfirgagag, hfl afbs, trãs, qugtrf m gtâ hbohf pgvblmotfs ml g`eulgs hbagams, hfodbeurgoaf pfr vmzms ulg pgbsgeml lgbs vmrtbhg` qum nfrbzfotg`. G blpfrtéohbg af sfirgaf og pgbsgeml urigog af Irgsb` dfb rmssg`tgag pfr Eb`imrtf Drmyrm ‘  g`bçs, f prblmbrf g m`gifrgr g sìotmsm amssm tbpf ngibtghbfog` af boìhbf af sâhu`f ^B^3 ‐Z…\ fs af Ymhbdm pgrmhmoaf tmr sbaf fs lgbs g`tfs, m qugsm smlprm, hflf fs ag Ignbg m af Ybf am Cgombrf, am pmarg fu tbcf`f: fs am Xèf [gu`f, am tgbpg m, og lâabg, am afbs pgvblmotfs, fs af Ybf, am afbs m trãs goagrms“. Lgs lgotbong-sm smlprm g lmslg abvbsèf botmrog afs hñlfafs3 sg`g og drmotm, g`hfvg sflirbfs, m hfzbong duoafs. [grg gs rmdmbåýms, og rfåg fu moghfrrmafrms hbagam, usfu-sm, aurgotm lubtfofs tmlpf, g vgrgoag. Ogs çrmgs smlburigogs, g hgsg am hnçhgrg fu am hglpf mrg, pfr sug vmz, lgbs hgsg am dgzmoag qum am hbagam: lgbs nfrbzfotg` qum vmrtbhg`: lgbs gssfirgagag qum sfirgaf. M, qugsm smlprm, gcgrabogag. Lubtgs vmzms, motrmtgotf, g grqubtmturg hfosmrvfu-sm ‐pmsgag, hg`hgag gboag of mlprmef ag gotbeg tgbpg am pb`èf, af gafim m ag tm`ng-hgog`“. Lmslf qugoaf gs pgrmams mrgl am tbcf`f, g `greurg mrg mxgemrgag. F pgstfr Jbaamr rmebstrfu hflf mrgl hfostruìags ml Xèf [gu`f. Mrgl dmbtgs am dfrlg lubtf sblp`ms. [rblmbrglmotm, girbg-sm ulg vg`g hfl g`euos pâs am prfduoabagam, prfhmssf baãotbhf gf usgaf pgrg g duoagåèf hflul am pmarg. Ml smeubag, ambtgvg-sm g tmrrg, sfhgoaf-g iml. Wugoaf g pgrmam mxhmabg f oìvm` af hnèf, hfostruìg-sm ulg dfrlg am tgigogs, pgrg lgotmr gs lmslgs ablmosýms bobhbgbs, grlgåèf qum mrg, pfstmrbfrlmotm, trgosdmrbag pgrg hblg gtâ qum g pgrmam gtboebssm g g`turg amsmcgag. Ogs çrmgs hmotrgbs ag hbagam, pmrtmohmotms ës dglì`bgs lgbs gigstgags, mrgl emrg`lmotm am afbs pgvblmotfs hfl sghgags og o g pgrtm supmrbfr. Fs sfirgafs mrgl mreubafs sfirm ul g`bhmrhm am pmarg hfl gprfxblgaglmotm =;hl dfrg ag supmrdìhbm ag tmrrg. Ofrlg`lmotm, f pbsf bodmrbfr mrg amstbogaf gf hflârhbf m f supmrbfr, ë lfrgabg. Xf`bamz, sbl. Fpu`ãohbg, oèf! Of lmbf af sâhu`f, gssbl f hñosu` Ybhngra Iurtfo gs amshrmvmu, pfr

amotrf m pfr dfrg, ml Hgtgs G`tgs, ml Lbogs Emrgbs, foam pfusfu3

 

Afrlblfs hfodfrtgvm`lmotm og dgzmoaf`g. Mrg g hfstulmbrg lfrgag am hglpf, hfl ul goagr târrmf fhupgaf pm`fs omerfs m pm`fs goblgbs m ulg mshgag am lgambrg hfoauzboaf ë sg`g fu gf hflpgrtblmotf afs nøspmams. Gtrçs amstm, fs hñlfafs rmsmrvgafs ës lu`nmrms m ëaghfzbong sgotuçrbf ag afog am hgsg. G sg`g drmotm âhfostbtub lfib`bgagtmrrg hflprfbibag, ulg lmsg am lgambrg, smlprm ulgs smbs pf`megags lgbs g`tg af qum amvmrbg smr, ul fu afbs igohfs pgrg g emotm nulb`am m ulg aózbg am hgambrgs hfl mohfstf m gssmotfs am tgqugrg `mvm: mstgs hgambrgs sèf hâ`mirms pm`g sug pgrtbhu`grbagam am mstrgegr g rfupg m sèf vmragambrfs bostrulmotfs am tfrturg pgrg quml sm `mlirg ags mstfdgags. Gs pgrmams, sml pgpm`, sèf frogags am hgåg, grlgs, pmågs am grrmbf pgrg hgvg`f, mstglpgs am Ofssg Xmonfrg, afs Xgotfs, afs gotbefs nmrøbs am [frtueg`, af sìtbf am Grrfohnms m am Ogpf`mèf Ifogpgrtm: ës vmzms nç ul mspm`nf m ul rm`øebf ygojmm rm`øebf ygojmm,, g`tf mvmragambrg mseubf. Ogs rmebýms ngibtgags nç gboag frgtørbfhfotmoaf pfrtçtb`, hgpm`g ml pfuhf lbobgturg, am afbs pâs ul am g`turg, blgemos ml tglgonf prfpfrhbfog` afs sgotfs pgarfmbrfs, mstglpgs, d`frms sf`tgs fu ml rglfs vm`gl fs sgotfs… Oul hgotf ag sg`g, foam oèf nç tgpmtm, mohfotrg-sm, lubtgs vmzms, ul ergoam cgrrf pgrg çeug hfl tglpf am lgambrg, m cuotf, ulg hgomhg am mstgonf ‘ mbs g dfotm foam sm imim. Fs lmlirfs ag dglì`bg afrlml of botmrbfr ag hgsg, moqugotf gfs nøspmams, aèf g sg`g. Mssgs g`hfvgs sml cgom`g ‘ cç qum oèf nç omhmssbagam am `uz am ofbtm oml aurgotm g smstg ‘ hfostbtuml mxgtglmotm f `megaf am Yflg gotbeg ës sugs db`ngs, [frtueg` m Mspgong. Hgag g`hfvg tml ul fu afbs `mbtfs hfl moxmreèf am vblm, hfurf fu tg-ifgs m hf`hnýms am hgpbl fu pg`ng am lb`nf. G rfupg am hglg â ifg, smlprm `blpg, m gs drfongs tãl `gregs imbrgs am rmoag. G sg`g am cgotgr mohfotrg-sm, lubtgs vmzms, of lmbf ag hgsg, am lfaf qum gs lu`nmrms, rmuobags gtrçs ags pfrtgs, pfaml fismrvgr f dfrgstmbrf sml smr vbstgs pfr m`m. ]lg pgrtbhu`grbagam â gs tfg`ngs am lmsg, hfosbamrgags am gisf`utg omhmssbagam qugoaf g rmdmbåèf hfosbstm sflmotm am ulg sblp`ms pfråèf am dmbcèf smrvbag pfr ul omerf, hfl ul hgbxftm am vbgeml smrvboaf hflf lmsg, mstm smlprm mstmoamrç ulg tfg`ng. Futrg hgrghtmrìstbhg, g bomvbtçvm` prmsmoåg, og lmsg, am ul pg`btmbrf am dfrlg msqubsbtg qum og sug pmqumomz amlfostrg lubtg

boemoubagam af dgirbhgotm g`mlèf. Ofssfs pgtrìhbfs pgrtml am ofssg

 

tmrrg hfl ul amsprmzf mofrlm pm`f iml gssmgaf pg`btf, hucf usf qug`bdbhgl am hfstulm bluoaf. Motrmtgotf, ml pfuhfs lmsms amshfirml qum m`m â boabspmosçvm` ofs trøpbhfs: lgs hflf ouohg gprmoamrgl g lgombrg hfovmobmotm am mlprmeç-`f, f gspmhtf qum gprmsmotgl qugoaf dgzml usf am`m oèf â ogag gergaçvm`. Wugoaf g lfrgabg af dgzmoambrf sm ghng of goagr târrmf, g sg`g â `uegr am pgssgeml pgrg hgrombrfs m hgirbtfs hnmbfs am vmrlms m gboag pgrg pfrhfs m gvms am hrbgåèf: gssbl tgliâl mrg g hgsg hglpmstrm afs br`goamsms og emrgåèf pgssgag. Lmslf fs prfprbmtçrbfs lgbs rbhfs pfuhf sm bohflfagl amstms goblgbs, qum gs hrbgoågs ag hgsg m fs omerbonfs smlbous sm abvmrtml ml moxftgr hfl pgus m pmargs. G vgrbgåèf of oìvm` am vbag ags m`btms rurgbs sm mxprblbg og amhfrgåèf botmrog og gagptgåèf ofvgs omhmssbagams, hflf ogs dgzmoags rbhgsg af Tg`mm af [grgìig. Gëshglbonf af hglpf fu ofs vbstf grrmafrms ag hbagam, rmsbaãohbg smlburigog mrg qugsm smlprm târrmg fu gssfirgagag m hfostruìag, ag lmslg dfrlg, hfl fs lgtmrbgbs abspfoìvmbs of motfrof. M`g sm sbtugvg, og lgbfrbg ags vmzms, ogs prfxblbagams am ul rbf, rbghnf fu hørrmef a‒çeug. Hfl drutgs, vmraurgs, çeug m hgpbl pgrg fs goblgbs, g rmsbaãohbg smlburigog hflpuong ulg mstruturg lgbs gutfssudbhbmotm qum g urigog. Fs hñlfafs botmrofs mrgl lgbs iml vmotb`gafs m b`ulbogafs, ulg vmz qum g hfostruåèf mstgvg bsf`gag of tmrrmof. Mssgs hgsgs hflpuongl ulg pgbsgeml lgbs nfrbzfotg`, hfl gs hfostruåýms mspgrsgs, hmrhgags pm`f vmram. Dfrgl vbgcgotms mstrgoembrfs ruablmotgrms, hfostruìags sml hfosbamrgags p`gomcglmotf mpm`fs am lgombrg grtmsgog`. Hfl g hnmegag ag hfrtm gf Ybf am Cgombrf m g abdusèf af omfh`çssbhf pm`g Lbssèf Grtìstbhg Drgohmsg, g rmsbaãohbg urigog m smlburigog af Irgsb` hflmåfu g sm trgosdfrlgr. Luafu g hgsg, g`tmrfu-sm f cgrabl, ghflpgongoaf gs lfabdbhgåýms af efstf, afs nçibtfs m afs hfstulms afs irgsb`mbrfs ml ul prfhmssf qum Eb`imrtf Drmyrm amoflbofu am ‐rmmurfpmbzgåèf“. Of smu motmoablmotf, trgtfu-sm am ul prfhmssf am blbtgåèf m gssblb`gåèf afs nçibtfs am ulg iureumsbg hflmrhbg` m boaustrbg`lmotm rbhg. Oèf dg`tgrgl Høabefs am [fsturgs tmotgoaf ngrlfobzgr gs hfostruåýms m

gs hbagams. M`ms amtmrlbogvgl g g`turg afs pgvblmotfs, gs ablmosýms m f g`bonglmotf hfl gs mabdbhgåýms vbzbongs, pfr lmbf am amhrmtfs luobhbpgbs.

 

G nmrgoåg afs prblmbrfs tmlpfs m ag grqubtmturg pfrtueumsg, pfrâl, mrg dfrtm. F lâabhf g`mlèf Yfimrt Hnrbstbgo Gvâ-@g``mlgot g rmhfonmhmu ml Xèf @mfpf`af, ës lgremos af rbf afs Xbofs, ml tfrof am ‐ulg ergoam prgåg vmram foam amsmlifhgl g`eulgs rugs rmeu`grms. Og prbohbpg`, gs hgsgs sm modb`mbrgl bobotmrruptglmotm, gssfirgagags lgs ml sug lgbfrbg târrmgs, am hfostruåèflubtgs lghbåg,am`gs hfimrtg am tm`ngs, Z…\, hfl gpgrãohbg am `uegr gigstgaf fu lmslf rbhf“. Ml tmrrmofs ghbamotgafs, fs pfrýms hfrrbebgl f mqub`ìirbf ags hfostruåýms qum mshg`gvgl lfrrfs. Ml Xèf [gu`f, pfr mxmlp`f, f Høabef am 7>=; mstgim`mhmu qum tfag hgsg qum dfssm hfostruìag m tbvmssm gtâ 7= irgågs am drmotm, amvmrbg tmr 72 pg`lfs am pâ-abrmbtf, m of smeuoaf m tmrhmbrf pgvblmotfs, 7> pg`lfs. Gs pfrtgs qum sm girbssml pgrg g pgrtm mxtmrog, iml hflf gs cgom`gs ags sghgags, amvmrbgl tmr of lìoblf 79 g 78 pg`lfs am vbvf am g`turg, m = g 4 pg`lfs am vbvf am `greurg. Gqum`ms qum oèf hulprbssml gs amtmrlbogåýms dbhgrbgl sucmbtfs g lu`tgam`g m ëhfoamogaf firbegåèfg fbtf am amlf`br g firg, smoaf f rmspfosçvm` pm`g mxmhuåèf abgs am prbsèf. Ogs lfrgabgs gigstgags, blpuongl-sm afbs pbsfs. Of bodmrbfr, sm g`bongvgl sg`gs, hfzbong m ampmoaãohbgs am mlprmegafs m mshrgvfs. Of supmrbfr, fs hñlfafs mrgl rmsmrvgafs ë vbag ìotblg. Xghgags am dmrrf dfrcgaf m b`ulbogåèf hfl hgoammbrfs dbxgafs ës pgrmams dg`gvgl ag mxtmrbfrbzgåèf ag rbqumzg. G m`btm pgu`bstgog morbqumhmrg hfl f hgdâ m gosbgvg pfr sm gprfxblgr afs pgarýms murfpmus. Agì lubtfs igbrrfs tmrml hrmshbaf ml çrmgs foam g bodrgmstruturg cç bg gabgotgag. Of botmrbfr af `ftm, pgrg qum fs afrlbtørbfs rmhmimssml b`ulbogåèf m dfssml lgbs iml vmotb`gafs, mstgim`mhmu-sm f rmhuf am ul fu am glifs fs `gafs ag hfostruåèf: pgrg egrgotbr lgbfr prbvghbagam gfs lfrgafrms, g hgsg gdgstfusm ag rug, pfr lmbf af mstgim`mhblmotf af rmhuf drfotg` ‘ bamg` pgrg g blp`gotgåèf af cgrabl ml drmotm ë rmsbaãohbg hflf m`mlmotf am vg`frbzgåèf ag grqubtmturg. Mshgags, ml `uegr am cgom`gs qum sm girbgl pgrg gs rugs, sm tfrogrgl gpgrm`nfs am ghf`nbag, am nforgs, tmgtrf am rmhmpåýms mspmtghu`grms. G`pmoarms m vgrgoags, gagptgåèf af igoeg`ñ trgzbaf ags Ìoabgs pm`fs pfrtueumsms amsam g hf`ñobg, dfromhbgl sflirg pgrg f botmrbfr ag rmsbaãohbg. G`b, gs pmssfgs hfovmrsgvgl, amshgosgvgl, fregobzgvgl rmuobýms dglb`bgrms. Qgliâl sm rmhmibgl fs vbsbtgotms qum oèf tmrbgl ghmssf gf botmrbfr. botmrbfr.

 

 Grqubtmtfs drgohmsms prfcmtgrgl lm`nfrbgs ogs hgsgs-ergoams rurgbs. DYÎYMX, Qnbmrry. [`gos Qnbmrry. [`gos mt m`âvgtbfos am amux ergoams lgbsfos3 lgbsfos3 @‒uom am vb``m mt `‒gutrm am hglpgeom. 7>82. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 AMIYMQ, CMGO-IG[QBXQM. TFRGEM  [BQQFYMXW]M MQ NBXQFYBW]M NBXQFYBW]M G] IYÂXB@. QFLM QYFBXBÎLM. [. 44.

Ml lubtgs rmsbaãohbgs, hfhnmbrgs m hgvg`grbågs dbhgvgl of prblmbrf goagr, hflprflmtmoaf g nbebmom3 mstrulmbrgs m lfshgs smlprm sm agvgl iml! Ml  Afl Hgslurrf, Hgslurrf, Lghngaf am Gssbs rmprfauz g hmog qum mrg hflul3 ‐]lg ags lbongs rmhfragåýms lgbs gotbegs mrg vã-`f lfotgr tfags gs lgonès g imstg smeurgvg Z…\ qum ff drmbf, `mvgvgmoqugotf gf mshrbtørbf. F prmtf g tbong baf iushgr ë hfhnmbrg m`m mreubg f pâqum m pfusgvg of mstrbif“. G`eulgs hgsgs gboag eugragvgl smus prøprbfs eg`bonmbrfs. Oèf mrgl pfuhgs gs afogs am hgsg qum hfotrf`gvgl, m`gs lmslgs, gs sugs eg`bongs, pfbs sm tfrofu lfag blpfrtgr mspâhbms hflf gs Nfuago, Irgnlg fu Dgvmrf``ms, am frbeml drgohmsg, m gs tgbs ‐gvms ifoghnfogs“ mrgl gssuotf ofs sg`ýms lgbs rmqubotgafs ag hfrtm. Og dghngag ags ofvgs rmsbaãohbgs dbhfu mvbamotm g bod`uãohbg murfpmbg, oul prblmbrf lflmotf, hfl fs amtg`nms omfh`çssbhfs, ml smeubag, pfr lmbf af mh`mtbslf m ag mstb`fs vgrbgafs. p`gotg ag hgsgf irgsb`mbrg urigog, qum gtâprfpgegåèf f boìhbf af am sâhu`f ^B^ rmpmtbg G drmqumotmlmotm lmslf prferglg ‘ `mvgoaf f moemonmbrf Tgutnbmr g gdbrlgr qum gqum`m qum vbu ulg rmsbaãohbg urigog af Irgsb` vbu tfags ‘, pgssfu g gprmsmotgr ulg lgbfr vgrbgåèf am hñlfafs, smoaf botrfauzbags çrmgs hflf f ng`` am abstrbiubåèf fu f vmstìiu`f ‘ gtâ motèf oèf mlprmegafs og grqubtmturg urigog am usf rmsbamohbg`. Ergoam rmvf`uåèf blp`gotgag pm`f lmslf Tgutnbmr dfb girbr cgom`gs ogs gotbegs g`hfvgs foam gotms sm bsf`gvgl, sml gr, oml `uz, gs lfågs ag dglì`bg. Gs tm`ngs am igrrf am dfrlgtf brrmeu`gr, gotms dgirbhgags ml f`grbgs prøxblgs, dfrgl suistbtuìags pfr ofvgs m

rmeu`grms ml g`euos `uegrms, usfu-sm gtâ gs dmbtgs graøsbgtrgzbafs fu vbarf. Bssf sø dfbm,pfssìvm` ergågs gfs ofvfs mqubpglmotfs m ësamtâhobhgs ag

 

Murfpg m, lgbs gboag, ë lèf am firg blbergotm qug`bdbhgag pgrg botrfauzb`fs of Irgsb`. Ml Xèf [gu`f, hflf sui`bong Lgrbg Hmhì`bg Ogh`ârbf Nflml, g mstrgag am dmrrf, gs firgs pbfombrgs ag mstruturg urigog m g hnmegag afs prblmbrfs blbergotms `mvgrglGsë duoagåèf boaóstrbg am imos am hfosulf, luagoaf hgrg ag hbagam. pmqumogsamprfprbmagams gerìhf`gs sm abvbabrgl mlg hnçhgrgs, m `fef ml hnçhgrgs smlburigogs ë vf`tg af vm`nf hmotrf. Fs prfautfs gì dmbtfs mrgl vmoabafs of vm`nf lmrhgaf fu am pfrtg ml pfrtg. Ogs mstrgags qum `mvgvgl pgrg dfrg ag hbagam, vbgl-sm rgohnfs pgrg trfpmbrfs m hgsgs târrmgs fu hgsmirms lbsmrçvmbs. Ofs goóohbfs af cfrog`  G  [rfvìohbg am Xèf [gu`f, [gu`f, fdmrmhbgl-sm hnçhgrgs hfl ‐çeug m hgsg am ngibtgåèf ofvglmotm hfostruìag, hfl eçs mohgogaf m g trãs lboutfs ag `bong am ifoams“. Quaf luagvg, m luagvg rçpbaf. G rbqumzg af hgdâ dmz pbpfhgr fs pg`ghmtms, gs vb``gs vb``gs   m fs hng`âs. Ofs ó`tblfs, am mstgr sm hf`gaf hflfgffutrfrg fs ag sfirgafs vbzbonfs. ogag Fs pg`ghmtms mstmoabgl `foef sm afshf`gvgl hglbonfs Mstgåèfgfs ag @uz m, ofs dbogbs af Blpârbf, lu`tbp`bhgvgl-sm mssgs hgsgs am `uxf hfl çeug mohgogag hfrrmoaf ogs pbgs, fitbag am pfåfs fu lbogs, ‐`gtrbog pgtmotm m igonmbrf qumotm, drbf m am hnuvg“. Gs hfzbongs, hfimrtgs am gzu`mcfs, cç fstmotgvgl fs hnglgafs dfeýms mhfoñlbhfs. G hgsg af igrèf am [brghbhgig, f drgohødb`f Ygdgm` am Igrrfs, pfr mxmlp`f, tmvm tfag g amhfrgåèf blpfrtgag pm`g db`bg` irgsb`mbrg ag Hgsg Egrrgux pgrbsbmosm. Amhfrgåèf prfdusg, sg`gs am hfrms abdmrmotms, hñlfafs pgrg duoåýms supârd`ugs mrgl, motèf, sboñoblfs am bofvgåèf m rmdboglmotf. Fs tbcf`fs trgzbgl grlgs afafBlpârbf p`gtbigoags hfl mstçtugs ags gsmstgåýms gof. Fm gspg`ghmtm tbongmrgl 41 froglmotgags hñlfafs3 81 afrlbtørbfs, ulg hfzbong lmaboaf amz pfr qugtfrzm lmtrfs, qugtrf eg`mrbgs, sg`ýms, sg`mtgs, sg`g am mstuafs m am cfefs bodgotbs m afbs igonmbrfs hflp`mtfs ‘ bodfrlg Lgrbg Hmhì`bg Ogh`ârbf Nflml. Ofs duoafs, afbs qubotgbs, smozg`g, hgob`, `monmbrf, qugrtf am dfrofs, nfrtg, pflgr m hgsg af pfrtmbrf. Ogs hfhnmbrgs, trãs hgvg`fs purfs-sgoeums. [grg lgotmr tuaf bssf, hbrhu`gvgl amzmssmtm hrbgafs3 f pfrtmbrf, f nfrtm`èf, afbs hfzbonmbrfs, ulg mohgrrmegag ag rfupgrbg, augs dmllms am hnglirm, hnglirm, augs hfsturmbrgs, augs pgcmos, ulg hrbgag qum amvmrbg gcuagr fs amlgbs, ul cgrabombrf, hfhnmbrfs m ul trgtgafr am hèms. Qfafs sfi f hflgoaf am ul lfraflf btg`bgof, qum

mrg tgliâl hfpmbrf, m gprmsmotgvg-sm trgcgoaf `birâ prmtg, am iftýms i`gsfogafs.

 

Cç g Tb`g Lgrbg, pmrtmohmotm g afog Tmrbabgog [rgaf, hfostruìag ml 7>>1, lgbs pgrmhbg ul pg`ghmtm rmogshmotbstg. F im`ìssblf prâabf lbrgvg ul `gef grtbdbhbg` foam ogagvgl hbsoms. Of pfrèf dbhgvgl g hfzbong, g gameg m g hfpg afs mlprmegafs. Of târrmf, hfpg, sg`g am grlgs, sg`g am  cgotgr, sg`mtg, hfrrmafreg`mrbg, ag mshgag, afrlbtørbf, egibomtm, ergoam sg`g sg`èfamamvbsbtgs, rmhmpåýms, vmstìiu`f, ibi`bftmhg hfl augs sg`gs, tmrrgåf, qugrtf ergoam am rfupg m vmstìiu`f. Of prblmbrf goagr, vmstìiu`f, qugrtf ag tfrrm, qugrtf am tfb`mttm tfb`mttm,, igonmbrf, sg`èf glgrm`f, sg`g am vbsbtgs,  cgrabl am bovmrof. Of smeuoaf goagr, vmstìiu`f, qugrtf ag efvmrogotg, hfrrmafr, qugrtf ag hfsturmbrg, qugrtf ag hrbgag, afrlbtørbf m qugrtbonf. G hfzbong trgzbg ergoam ofvbagam3 luafu-sm pgrg f pfrèf, tg` hflf mstgvg ml vfeg og Murfpg, hfl hfbdg pgrg mxtrgåèf am dulgåg, m lfotghgregs pgrg f trgospfrtm ags trgvmssgs am hflbag pgrg f goagr târrmf, foam sm mohfotrgvg g sg`g am cgotgr. F cgrabl trgzbg g gssbogturg af dglfsf moemonmbrf m pgbsgebstg drgohãs Gueustm E`gzbfu. G mXèf ag m`btm hgdmmbrg, iml `foem mstgvg ags hgsgs am igrrf sfhgaf tgbpg[gu`f am pb`èf ags prblmbrgs aâhgags af sâhu`f. Dfb g ó`tblg hbagam ngibtgag pfr ulg sfhbmagam rurg` ‐g sm vmstbr am ghfraf hfl g lfag“, hfotg Hgr`fs @mlfs. Gtâ 7>4>, lgotbong gspmhtf sboem`f, hflf ofs sâhu`fs gotmrbfrms. Lgs g pgrtbr am 7>>;, m ergågs ës mstrgags am dmrrf, hflmåfu g gprmsmotgr mabdbhgåýms am blpfrtéohbg ml igbrrfs cç prfvbafs am lm`nfrglmotfs pói`bhfs m trgospfrtm. Fs dgzmoambrfs af botmrbfr pgssgrgl g rmsbabr og hbagam. Xø qum `ç oèf nfuvm g abhftflbg qum sm mstgim`mhmu motrm fs igrýms am gåóhgr af Oframstm m fs omefhbgotms pfrtueumsms. Gf hfotrçrbf, amtmotfrms urigogs3 am rbqumzg, prmstìebf m bostruåèf supmrbfr, lubtfs ml gtbvbagams omeøhbfs, igohfs, cfrog`bslf, pf`ìtbhg mth.motrgrgl Glpgrgafs og lèf am firg mstrgoembrg, trgosdfrlgrgl g hbagam. Luagrgl gs hgsgs m luagrgl gs rugs. Gs ag hbagam irgsb`mbrg prbohbpbgl f sâhu`f ^B^ hgrghtmrbzgags pm`g brrmeu`grbagam af trgågaf, pm`g dg`tg am g`bonglmotf, pm`g gusãohbg am hg`åglmotf, pm`g hgrãohbg am b`ulbogåèf pói`bhg m pm`g bluoaìhbm. Gs çeugs ags hnuvgs mrgl amspmcgags ogs rugs pm`fs tm`ngafs m pfotmbrgs ags rmsbaãohbgs: mrgl amspmcgafs tgliâl of mspgåf pói`bhf ‘ pm`fs prøprbfs lfrgafrms fu pfr mshrgvfs ‘ fs amtrbtfs freéobhfs ag hgsg. G rug mrg f ‐mshfgafurf ags çeugs smrvbags afs sfirgafs“, ofs abzmrms am Eb`imrtf Drmyrm. Gtbrgvg-sm pgrg f lmbf ag rug f

rmstf am hflbag, g çeug smrvbag, f lgtmrbg` rmhf`nbaf ofs tberms.

 

Gtâ motèf f irgsb`mbrf oèf sm prmfhupgrg hfl f mspgåf pói`bhf. Agtgl af sâhu`f ^B^ g`eulgs ags prblmbrgs pfsturgs luobhbpgbs ml amdmsg ag vbg pói`bhg, og tmotgtbvg am hfotmr fs giusfs afs sfirgafs. G rug ambxg am smr g vg`g ags çeugs smrvbags ags rmsbaãohbgs urigogs, ‐pgrg egongr ml abeobagam mprfbibags. ml blpfrtéohbg Gs dfrgl em`fsbgsbostg`gafs m cgom`gs qum girbgl pfstmrbfrlmotm pgrg m`g dfrgl Cuotf sfhbg`“. ës hgsgs, `glpbýms, suistbtuìafs pfr pfstms am b`ulbogåèf pói`bhg boampmoamotms ags hfostruåýms. G`eulgs rugs dfrgl lghgaglbzgags ‘ hfimrtgs hfl pmarg irbtgag: futrgs, rmhmimrgl pgrg`m`mpìpmafs. Gs çeugs ag hnuvg ambxgrgl am smr g`b amspmcgags. Og smeuoag lmtgam af sâhu`f, surebrgl fs trb`nfs am dmoag, pfr foam trgdmegvgl fs ifoams. Gf pmamstrm dfb gssmeurgaf f pgssmbf, sm iml qum gboag igstgotm mstrmbtf, cuotf ës rmsbaãohbgs. G`euos `fergafurfs dfrgl g`bongafs fu rmtbdbhgafs: ofvfs dfrgl gimrtfs, ghflpgongoaf f hrmshblmotf ags hbagams, gprmsmotgoaf `greurg lgbs mxprmssbvg qumsbstmlgs g ags gotbegs vbgs am hbrhu`gåèf. tgliâl fs prblmbrfs am abstrbiubåèf am çeug mDfrgl hf`mtgblp`gotgafs am mseftf. Lgs, am tfags mssgs luagoågs ‘ g`eulgs am framl mstâtbhg, futrgs rmsu`tgotms am omhmssbagams prmlmotms ‘ ulg amlfostrfu prmfhupgåèf lgbfr hfl f lmbf glibmotm urigof3 g grifrbzgåèf. F p`gotbf am çrvfrms gf `foef af hg`åglmotf oèf rmsu`tgvg gpmogs am ulg botmoåèf mstâtbhg, mlifrg smcg mvbamotm g bod`uãohbg murfpmbg omssm prfhmssf. Ml g`eulgs hbagams af Oframstm m af Ofrtm af pgìs, f pfamr luobhbpg` hnmefu g gaftgr çrvfrms ogtbvgs og grifrbzgåèf urigog. Gboag qum g qumstèf glibmotg` tmong surebaf motrm oøs gpmogs of sâhu`f ^^, nç boaìhbfs am hmrtg hfl f lmbf glibmotm cç of sâhu`f ^B^, hflf amlfostrgl oèfprmfhupgåèf gpmogs f mlprmef am mspâhbms irgsb`mbrgs og grifrbzgåèf urigog, lgs f rmd`frmstglmotf am g`eulgs çrmgs, hflf g Qbcuhg, of Ybf am Cgombrf. F p`gotbf am çrvfrms hfrrmspfoam tg`vmz gf pfotf lgbs g`tf am vg`frbzgåèf ag rug ‘ sgogags gs omhmssbagams am hg`åglmotf, b`ulbogåèf, çeug m mseftf. Gf dboagr f sâhu`f ^B^, g rug irgsb`mbrg ‘ fu pm`f lmofs gs am lgbfr blpfrtéohbg ‘ mrg hg`ågag, b`ulbogag, pmrhfrrbag pm`fs ifoams, pfr vmzms grifrbzgag m `gamgag pfr hgsgs hfl cgrabl. Futrg rug, g hfodfrlgr ulg ofvg pgbsgeml. Luagrgl g rug, g hgsg m f cgrabl. Qrgosdfrlfu-sm g pgbsgeml. F

mspgåf urigof trgabhbfog` dfb murfpmbzgaf tgotf of élibtf prbvgaf hflf of élibtf pói`bhf, hfodbeurgoaf-sm ml ofvf hmoçrbf pgrg g hbagam irgsb`mbrg.

 

 Lurfs ogs rmsbaãohbgs3 rmsbaãohbgs3 f ogshblmotf ag prbvghbagam. LGY^, Qnmfafrm. Obvm`glmotf Qnmfafrm. Obvm`glmotf af hglbonf prfcmtgaf pgrg agr ulg motrgag gf `gaf af [g`çhbf Blpmrbg` ag Ifg Tbstg3 Tbstg3 [rfcmtf grqubtmtñobhf. Z7>4-6\. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\.

vmram m f prgzmr ags d`frms mrgl gs ofvbagams of lfrgr. Xm, g prbohìpbf, f cgrabl sm tfrofu m`mlmotf hgrghtmrìstbhf ag pgbsgeml ags çrmgs smlburigogs m afs igbrrfs abstgotms af hmotrf, hfl gs lfabdbhgåýms ags hfostruåýms of `ftm urigof, gs çrmgs gcgrabogags dfrgl hfoqubstgoaf hgag

F

vmz ]lg lgbs mspgåf of botmrbfr ag hbagam irgsb`mbrg. ags prblmbrgs trgosdfrlgåýms rm`ghbfogvg-sm ë ‐`bimrtgåèf ags hfostruåýms ml rm`gåèf gfs `blbtms afs `ftms“, abzml mspmhbg`bstgs. F mabdìhbf dfb rmhugaf afs `blbtms `gtmrgbs, hfosmrvgoaf-sm, of motgotf, sfirm f g`bonglmotf ag vbg pói`bhg. F rmhuf pfabg smr am ul fu am glifs fs `gafs ag hfostruåèf. Ogs rmsbaãohbgs lgbs glp`gs, f cgrabl `gtmrg` dfb blp`gotgaf omssm mspgåf ‘ ul m`mlmotf pgbsgeìstbhf blpfrtgotm pgrg g lm`nfrbg ags hfoabåýms am grmcglmotf m b`ulbogåèf ag grqubtmturg urigog am usf rmsbamohbg`. [grg `begr fs cgrabos ë hfostruåèf, mlprmefu-sm ul m`mlmotf igstgotm hflul ë hgsg irgsb`mbrg3 g vgrgoag ‘ gpfbgag motèf ml hf`uogs am dmrrf, ergabs m amergus am lçrlfrm og mshgag. Gshfl rmsbaãohbgs lmofrms oèf hfotgvgl hfl cgrabl `gtmrg`, lgs gprmsmotgvgl ulg pmqumog motrgag amshfimrtg, hfl pfrtèf m mshgag am dmrrf. Gs hnçhgrgs, sbtugags ofs grrmafrms ags hbagams, tgliâl sm trgosdfrlgrgl3 g çrmg am smus tmrrmofs dfb sm rmauzboaf gfs pfuhfs, m g grqubtmturg gssulboaf hgag vmz lgbs hgrghtmrìstbhgs urigogs. Tg`m `mlirgr qum fs prblmbrfs ergoams mspgåfs vmrams sø gpgrmhmrgl of sâhu`f ^TBBB. F [gssmbf [ói`bhf af Ybf am Cgombrf, pfr mxmlp`f, ul gotbef hngrhf, dfb gtmrrgaf m gcgrabogaf ml 75>8. [frâl, ngvbg tgotgs rmergs pgrg g sug utb`bzgåèf qum f `fhg` ghgifu smoaf gigoafogaf. F [gssmbf [ói`bhf â,

fdbhbg`lmotm, f lgbs urigof amstbogaf g smrvbrdfbë pfpu`gåèf. Hrbgaf pfrgotbef framlpgrqum af vbhm-rmb @uìsafamIrgsb`, Tgshfohm`fs am Xfusg, prfcmtgaf pfr lmstrm Tg`motbl ag Dfosmhg m Xb`vg, smeuoaf ul trgågaf

 

mxtrmlglmotm emflâtrbhf, bospbrgaf ogs trgabåýms am amsmonf af cgrabl h`çssbhf drgohãs. G nbstørbg afhulmotgag af pgbsgebslf of Irgsb` bobhbfu-sm hfl g hnmegag am a. Cfèf TB, ml 7>;5, qum amstbofu gf Cgrabl Iftéobhf af Ybf am Cgombrf g vfhgåèf am hu`tbvgr mspâhbms pgrg g prfauåèf am hgrvèf, lgtârbg-prblg g dgirbhgåèf pø`vfrg.gf usf am mspâhbms ogtbvgs, g Gpmsgr agspgrg ifgs botmoåýmsamqugotf vg`frbzgåèf am çrvfrms m p`gotgs mlbomotmlmotm irgsb`mbrgs mrg pmqumog. Eb`imrtf Drmyrm bodfrlg qum g`eulgs hbagams gboag hfosmrvgvgl ‐pgtrbftbhglmotm“ smus hgstgonmbrfs af [grç fu lgoeumbrgs, hflf gs qum sm vbgl oulg gvmobag ml Im`âl. Gqub m g`b, gboag hrmshbgl eglm`mbrgs hucgs hfpgs agvgl sflirg pgrg f amshgosf afs mshrgvfs. Fu ‐amshgosgvgl pgrg smlprm“ qugoaf, gpfbgafs ml smus rfiustfs eg`nfs, usgvgl-ofs pgrg sm modfrhgr. Hgsf, pfr mxmlp`f, am ulg sbobstrg eglm`mbrg ml Xg`vgafr, hfonmhbag hflf ‐çrvfrm af subhìabf“, rmebstrgag pm`g pmog af igrèf am Dfrtn Yfumo, ml qugoaf pgssfu g`b. Xgbot-Nb`gbrm vbsèf lgbs hrìtbhg rm`gåèf gfs pfr cgrabos afs grrmafrmsgprmsmotfu af Ybf amulg Cgombrf, gdbrlgoaf oèf tmrml lgeobdbhãohbg g`eulg m pfuhf smeubrml gs rmergs ag grtm ‘ oèf fistgotm hfotrbiuìssml ‐pgrg tfrogr g pgbsgeml lgbs pbtfrmshg“. Lgs mrg prmhbsf pgrmhmr hfl fs mstrgoembrfs. G lfag mrg murfpmbg! M agì tmr ogshbaf ul amsprmzf pfr çrvfrms, p`gotgs m drutgs gsbçtbhgs m gdrbhgogs cç gh`blgtgags gf Irgsb`. G cghg, g lgoeg, g drutg-pèf, f hgcu, f hgcç m f prøprbf hfhf-ag-Ìoabg sø mrgl sgifrmgafs ës mshfoabags. Oèf bgl pgrg gs lmsgs iureumsgs fu rmstgurgotms. Lmslf fs trgabhbfogbs  cgrabos  pngrlghmutbhfs,, rmpfsbtørbfs am p`gotgs lmabhbogbs afs trøpbhfs, emrgvgl  pngrlghmutbhfs aóvbags fs lâabhfs. pmreuotgvgl sm glmrbhgof“ oèf smrbg lm`nfr suistbtubrmotrm gs lmzbongs dmbtgsM`ms hflsmmrvgs pm`f ‐em`f fu fs sfrvmtms. Qmlpfs lfamrofs! Gf lmslf tmlpf ml qum sm bgl gigoafogafs fs nfrtfs fu cgrabos am`rmb hflmågvgl g gpgrmhmr cgrabos hflf f ag Xf`magam, ml Ymhbdm, hfl ergoam vgrbmagam am rfsgs, aç`bgs m çrvfrms am drutgs, tgbs hflf g lghbmbrg, vboags am [frtueg`, Drgoåg m Ngliuref. F vmotf af Ofrtm trgzbg smus drutfs. M, ergågs ë blpfrtgåèf am smlmotms, fhbamotg`bzgvg-sm oèf sø f `btfrg`, lgs f botmrbfr, tgliâl. Gtâ lmgafs af sâhu`f ^B^, bod`umohbgafs pfr sugs lu`nmrms, lmlirfs ag hfrtm sf`bhbtgvgl gfs hñosu`ms m mligbxgafrms luags am mspâhbms

d`frìdmrgs pgrg froglmotgr fs cgrabos afs pg`ghmtms qum sm `fhg`bzgvgl of igbrrf Xèf Hrbstøvèf, of Ybf am Cgombrf. Hfl bssf hnmegrgl gf Irgsb`

 

g`eulgs d`frms hflf gegpgotfs, rfsmbrgs, hfpfs-am-`mbtm, aç`bgs, cgslbos, `ìrbfs, hrgvfs, ‐rgoóohu`fs, ifrif`mtgs ag Nf`goag, cuoqub`nfs, sâhbgs afirgags, g vmragambrg smlmotm am hfuvm-d`fr“, motrm futrgs. Oèf dg`tgvgl rmh`glfs hflf f qum sm `bg of Abçrbf of  Abçrbf am [mrogliuhf, [mrogliuhf, ml 72 am dmvmrmbrf am 7>=43 ‐Gfs glgafrms am d`frms m çrvfrms drutìdmrgs. L. Grof`, lmlirf ag sfhbmagam am nfrtbhu`turg am [grbs tml f prgzmr am pgrtbhbpgr gf pói`bhf, qum ghgig am trgzmr ag Drgoåg ulg rbhg hf`måèf am d`frms, çrvfrms drutìdmrgs am efstfs abvmrsfs pgrg froglmotf am cgrabos, ul sfrtblmotf am rgìzms am d`frms m igtgtgs qum vmoam pfr prmåfs hñlfafs“. [ÇEBOGX 75; M 757 

Hnçhgrg3 og drfotmbrg motrm f rurg` m f urigof. IMYQBHNMO, IMY QBHNMO, [bmtmr Efadrma. Hnghgrg af a f Tbshfoam A‒Mstrm``g3 A‒Mstrm``g3 Ybf Hflprbaf. Z7>=4\. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\.

G pg`lmbrg-blpmrbg` ( Yfystfomg  Yfystfomg f`mrghmg), f`mrghmg), frbeboçrbg ag Tmomzum`g m ag Hf`ñlibg, hnmefu gf Irgsb` trgzbag pm`fs pfrtueumsms `bimrtgafs ags b`ngs Lgurìhbf. Xfirm g pg`lmbrg-blpmrbg`, smlmotms amssg mspâhbm dfrgl prmsmotmgags gf prìohbpm a. Cfèf TB qum gs p`gotfu of Nfrtf Ymg`. Cç g pg`lmbrg-rmg`, ogtbvg am Huig m [frtf Ybhf, am pfrtm lgbs igbxf m mstbpm lgbs erfssf, dfb botrfauzbag qugsm ul sâhu`f ampfbs. Ml 7>=2, a. [marf BB hfotrgtfu f drgohãs Gueustm Lgrbm E`gzbfu, botmergotm am ulg lbssèf drgohmsg, prbohbpg` pgbsgebstg af Blpârbf, pgrg fhupgr f hgref am Abrmtfr Emrg` am Lgtgs m Cgrabos. Motrm gs sugs firgs amstghgl-sm f Hglpf am Xgotgog m g Wubotg ag Ifg Tbstg, of Ybf am Cgombrf. Mssm pgbsgebstg utb`bzfu, pm`g prblmbrg vmz, çrvfrms d`frìdmrgs of pgbsgebslf. Amotrf afs cgrabos pói`bhfs, mlmrebg f boamdmhtìvm` pgefam. F pgvb`nèf frbmotg` fdmrmhbg ‘ ó`tblg lfag ‘ fs lfamrofs sfrvmtms m ‐egsfsgs“. Ml Ymhbdm, hmrtf Cfsâ afs Xgotfs Qfrrms sm egigvg pm`fs cfrogbs af smu ‐m`megotm m mspgåfsf jbfsqum jbfsqum“, “, qum fstmotgvg f oflm ‐Fn! ‐ Fn! Wum im`f rmtbrf“. rmtbrf“. Ghmotugoaf g ‐hnbomsbhm“ ag lfag, lfstrgvg qum g hflbag mrg

hfslfpf`btg. Tmoabg ‐Hnglpgong-hflmtg, lfotmim``f lfotmim``f,, hnétmgu lgregux, lgregux, g`m-pfrtmr,, vmragambrf lgrgsqubof am Sgrg, `blfogags, tfags gs drutgs ag g`m-pfrtmr

 

mstgåèf“. G`b sm hflbg ‐sg`glm, dbglirm, rfsibdm, pmru, eg`bong, pmbxm drbtf m am mshgimhnm, lèf am vghg, mlpgags, pgstm`ýms, tfrtgs m puabos“, hgpgzms am hfodfrtgr, modbl, qug`qumr mstñlgef am gprmhbgafr am cgrabos. Gboag qum smrvbssm prgtfs pfpu`grms, hflf lèf am vghg, f pgvb`nèf mrg hfosbamrgaf grbstfhrçtbhf. Og smeuoag lmtgam af sâhu`f, fs qubfsqums sgbrbgl afs  cgrabos pói`bhfs m sm bostg`grbgl ogs msqubogs ags rugs lfvblmotgags, oèf lgbs vmoamoaf hnglpgeom hnglpgeom,, lgs hghngåg. Oèf lgbs dbglirm, lgs luoeuozç m sgrgpgtm`.

F cgrabl egonfu hgag vmz lgbs blpfrtéohbg of `ftm urigof gf sm gprfxblgr f dbl af sâhu`f. Hnmegvg, ml g`euos hgsfs, g hbrhuoagr g rmsbaãohbg, gprmsmotgoaf ul trgågaf am bod`uãohbg boe`msg fu drgohmsg m,

lubtgs vmzms, mxpfoaf g lbsturg am p`gotgsirflâ`bgs, am frbeml mstrgoembrg‘hfl p`gotgs ogtbvgs. G`b lmargvgl lg`lmqumrms, pg`lgs-hrìstb qum agvgl ø`mf pgrg gs hgoambgs ‘, hrgvfs, mshgibfsgs, glfrms-pmrdmbtfs, rfsgs-

 

af-frbmotm, lblfsgs, mrvgs-dâtbags, lgregrbags, imeñobgs, nfrtãosbgs. M tuaf pfabg d`frbr motrm igtgtgs m hfuvms, igogombrgs fu hìtrbhgs. Ml prfvìohbgs hflf Xèf [gu`f fu Ybf am Cgombrf, ngvbg hgsgs am hnçhgrg ofs igbrrfs lgbs gdgstgafs af hmotrf, hfl gs hfostruåýms lgbs glp`gs, hmrhgags pfr cgrabos. Lgrbg Ergngl, pfr mxmlp`f, pmrhmimu g abdmrmoåg motrm gs hgsgs am hglpf ogs prfxblbagams af igbrrf ags @grgocmbrgs, of Ybf am Cgombrf ‘  hgsgs ‐oml ergoams, oml `uxufsgs“, lgs amhfrgags hfl vgrgoags, hfl gf lmofs ulg g`mbg am d`frms cuotf ë motrgag prbohbpg` ‘ m gs hgsgs am hglpf og vbzbongoåg af Hgtmtm, hfostruìags hflf gs af Xu` ag Murfpg, hfl cgrabl  cuotf g m`gs. Xmeuoaf Emfrem Egraomr, f igbrrf af Hgtmtm, gssbl hflf @grgocmbrgs m Iftgdfef, mrg ul afs `fhgbs dgvfrbtfs am rmsbaãohbg afs murfpmus, mspmhbg`lmotm fs boe`msms. Xmoaf ngibtgafs pfr murfpmus, mvbamotmlmotm g`eulgs am sugs hgrghtmrìstbhgs rmlmlfrgvgl, sm oèf g dfrlg am hfostrubr, gf lmofs g am blp`gotgåèf ag hgsg murfpmbg ‘ hmrhgag pfr cgrabos. Ml rm`gåèf ës hgsgs am hglpf af Ymhbdm, sbtugags ofs grrmafrms ag hbagam, Lgrbg Ergngl fismrvfu qum mrgl ‐gafrogags am pflgrms m  cgrabos“. Jfstmr amoflbofu mssgs hgsgs am ‐rmsbaãohbgs am vmrèf“, smoaf sug amshrbåèf igstgotm smlm`ngotm ë m`gifrgag pm`g mshrbtfrg3 ‐Xèf pmqumogs, gssmgags m irgohgs hgsbongs am goagr târrmf, hfl cgrabos og pfrtg m ofs d`gohfs, p`gotgafs am `grgocmbrgs, `blýms, rflès m lubtgs mspâhbms am çrvfrms am drutf“. Fs rmoqums am pg`lmbrg mlf`aurgvgl lubtgs hmrhgs. Ml Xg`vgafr, gs hgsgs gcgrabogags dbhgvgl of igbrrf amoflbogaf Tbtørbg ‘ f pbtfrmshf m dgvfrbtf suióribf ag Ignbg: am `fhg`hglpf, mshf`nbaf pgrg blp`gotgåèf ags hnçhgrgs m rmsbaãohbgs ‐qugsm“ smeuoaf Fusm`my, fu ags hgsgs cgrabl, hfl sugs d`frms m drutfs sm amrrglgoaf sfirm g igìg, ofs abzmrms am Ergngl. F pbotfr vbgcgotm, Yuemoags, tgliâl fismrvfu qum fs mabdìhbfs ag hbagam g`tg, ml Xg`vgafr, mrgl hmrhgafs am ifsqums m cgrabos: vbstfs af pfrtf, sui`bonfu, gprmsmotgvgl ul gspmhtf ‐igstgotm pbtfrmshf“. Gs gotbegs hnçhgrgs ‘ hfl nfrtgs m pflgrms ‘, sbtugvgl-sm, hfotuaf, og çrmg urigog. Cuotf hfl gs p`gotgs, fs pçssgrfs. Qfrofu-sm lfag hrbç-`fs ml egbf`gs fu vbvmbrfs. Dgzmr egbf`gs pgrg tgotfs gpgbxfogafs pfr frobtf`febg agvg abonmbrf. Ngvbg prfprbmtçrbfs am hf`måýms blmosgs. M om`gs, pfuhf g pfuhf,

gs gvms irgsb`mbrgs, hflf f sgibç, dfrgl agoaf `uegr gfs hgoçrbfs-im`egs. [gssgrbonfs vg`bgl dfrtuogs hflf hfotfu Dâ`bx Hgvg`hgotb am G`iuqumrqum

 

ml sugs  Lmlørbgs  Lmlørbgs33 ‐Mu lmslf cç vb, hfl mstms f`nfs qum g tmrrg nç am hflmr, ul dbeurèf agr fbtmotg m hbohf lb`-râbs pfr ul hurbø am Qgoqubonf, ml Efbgog, gf pgssf qum lgbs tgram rmhusfu agr smbs lb` pfr ul mxmlp`gr ags Wumstýms vbemotms  vbemotms  af ar. Qfibgs Igrrmtf m hbohf lb` pm`gs firgs af hflmoagafr Gotñobf Cfgqubl am Lm``f“. Â bod`uãohbg afs boe`msms tg` pgbxèf pfr cgrabos. Hfl smu mofrlm glfr ës çrvfrms, ës rfsmbrgs, ës p`gotgs, mshf`nbgl lfrgr `foem ag rug Abrmbtg, of Ybf am Cgombrf, fu ag rug af Qrgpbhnm, ml Ymhbdm. Wumrbgl vbvmr ml hnçhgrgs foam, hflf iml abz Eb`imrtf Drmyrm, pfabgl afrlbr hfl fs hnmbrfs afs cgslbombrfs m ags rfsgs. G`euos sm mslmrgrgl og hu`turg am frquìamgs tfrogoaf-sm mxmlp`f pgrg fs irgsb`mbrfs rbhfs m m`megotms. Ampfbs am hgsgag, g prbohmsg Bsgim` tbong smu frqubaçrbf, af qug` sm mohgrrmegvg pmssfg`lmotm, ml sug hgsg ml Iftgdfef. Fs rflgohms afs fbtfhmotfs mxp`frgrgl f hmoçrbf af cgrabl. ]l rmpuxf, efref`mcgotms qum, rmegafr ë lèf, trfhgvgldfotms f`ngrms tmrofs, hflfgprfxblgvgl ml Xmonfrg am Cfsâ am G`mohgr. G`mohgr . Xmonfrg,, oglfrgafs Ml pfuhf tmlpf, trgosdfrlfu-sm g hgsg, g`tmrfu-sm f cgrabl, lfabdbhfusm g rug. Ml tfafs fs hgsfs, hfostruåýms m mspgåfs `bvrms suilmtmrgl-sm ë bod`uãohbg murfpmbg. Xm, g prbohìpbf, f cgrabl sm tfrofu m`mlmotf hgrghtmrìstbhf ag pgbsgeml ags çrmgs smlburigogs m afs igbrrfs abstgotms af hmotrf, hfl gs lfabdbhgåýms og dfrlg am blp`gotgåèf ags hfostruåýms of `ftm urigof gf `foef af sâhu`f ^B^, gs çrmgs gcgrabogags dfrgl hfoqubstgoaf hgag vmz lgbs mspgåf of botmrbfr ag hbagam irgsb`mbrg.

 

Frquìamg, d`fr afs cgrabos m ags lgtgs OFYQFO, M.N. Frhnbaghmgm3 Mpbamoarul m``bptbhul. 7>28. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 IYGSB@BGO D@FUMYX3 AYGUO DYFL OGQ]YM BO QNM RMGYX 7>>;-7>>9 BO OMBENIF]YNFFA FD YBF AM CGOMBYF. ZEYGT]YG ZEYG T]YG 74\.

Gs rmsbaãohbgs lmofrms oèf hfotgvgl hfl cgrabl `gtmrg`, lgs

gprmsmotgvgl ulg pmqumog motrgag amshfimrtg, hfl pfrtèf m mshgag am dmrrf. Fs cgrabos ag smeuoag lmtgam af sâhu`f ^B^ mvbamohbgvgl, ag lmslg dfrlg qum g grqubtmturg, g bod`uãohbg mxtmrog, hfl sugs d`frms m

 

griustfs abspfstfs ml hgotmbrfs am trgågaf emflâtrbhf, prftmebafs pfr lurmtgs am tbcf`f. Wugoaf g hfostruåèf gprmsmotgvg amtg`nms omfh`çssbhfs, hf`fhgvg-sm motrm gs p`gotgs af cgrabl ulg fu futrg dbeurg am lçrlfrm: qugoaf mh`âtbhg, mrg pfssìvm` mohfotrgr dfotms, erutgs m `gefs grtbdbhbgbs hfl pfotms am hblmotf qum blbtgvgl trfohfs am lgambrg ml lmbf ës çrmgs gcgrabogags qum hmrhgvgl g hfostruåèf. Ogs hnçhgrgs, mrgl hfluos fs lbrgotms cuotf gfs lurfs, hbrhuoagafs pfr ergams fu ig`gustrgags m, pfr vmzms, prftmebafs pfr pâreu`gs. @uhhfhj sm blprmssbfofu ofs grrmafrms am Xèf Cfèf am`-Ymb, foam vbu bod`uãohbg afs cgrabos igrrfhfs btg`bgofs3 Og prfprbmagam af sr. Z…\ mohfotrglfs tfags gs im`mzgs ag ogturmzg Z…\. Hfotâl f cgrabl tg`vmz afbs ghrms am tmrrg Z…\. Â grrgocgaf hfl g lgbfr am suhu`motgs. efstf, hfotmoaf, pfrâl, ergoamâ vgrbmagam am d`frms, drutfs mdg`tg p`gotgs ]l trmhnf af hmrhgaf gagptgaf ë `gvgeml af `bonf Z…\ ofutrf trmhnf, ul im`f vmbf a‒çeug, pgrg f gigstmhblmotf ag hgsg â mohglbongaf pgrg ulg hfostruåèf qugargag dmbtg ë lgombrg am erutg, modmbtgag ag lgombrg lgbs tfshg m dgotçstbhg, hfl pftms qugargafs, hfpfs m iftýms am tglpgs am tmrrbogs. Nç tgliâl rmtrgtfs am goblgbs m ulg rmprmsmotgåèf g`meørbhg afs qugtrf qugargotms af luoaf, m, gf hmotrf, hflf ficmtf prbohbpg`, vã-sm ulg ags hfbsgs lgbs boamhmotms qum sm pfssg blgebogr rmdmrmotm g dgtf lubtf hfonmhbaf qum sm amu of Ybf am Cgombrf Z…\. ]l mabdìhbf róstbhf, hfl ul pmqumof pørtbhf ë drmotm, fhupg ulg furg pgrtm ag çrmg ml smus pb`grms vmml-sm pbotgags dbeurgs am sçtbrfs, lghghfs m ìoabfs: af `gaf am amotrf ghngl-sm murfpmus vmstbafs ë lgombrg am [frtueg`. Gimrtg am pgr ml pgr, ulg pfrtg am augs df`ngs sm amshfirm ulg pmåg ergoam, dmbtg erutg bohrustgag am hfohngs qum rmprmsmotg ulg lfotgong qugsm am tfag hfimrtg am çrvfrms, sfirm g qug` sm vbgl oulmrfsgs dbeurbongs am emotm m am egaf, grrulgags am lgombrg tg`, qum pmrdgzbg ulg mstørbg hflp`mtg m rmsulbag ag mxbstãohbg m pgamhblmotfs am Cmsus Hrbstf.

Ml Xg`vgafr, Ignbg, Qnflgs @boa`my, vbgcgotm boe`ãs, pgssmfu motrm d`frms ml pmqumofs hgotmbrfs of mstb`f drgohãs, eugragafs pfr pmsgags

 

abvboagams m mstçtugs qum frg gssbog`gvgl hgag éoeu`f ags g`glmags, frg sm mohfotrgvgl mliutbags ogs pgrmams ag motrgag, of tmrrgåf ag hgsg mth. G lgbfrbg, rmprmsmotgoaf gs mstgåýms af gof, vbong am ulg dçirbhg am hmrélbhg3 g am Amvmsgs, ml Tb`g Ofvg ag Egbg, foam f frogtbstg Gotñobf G`lmbag ag Hfstg agvg vgzèf gf ifl efstf og hrbgåèf am dbeurgs hf`frbags. Nfuvm gtâ ul cgrabl ml hucf hmotrf vbg-sm ulg pmqumog dfotm m lgbs g`âl ‐ulg erutg `gstblgvm`lmotm grrgocgag hfl rm`ms hfohngs, gpmsgr am fdmrmhmr g rmebèf tglgong vgrbmagam am prfautfs lgrbonfs m hfohrmåýms“.  G im`mzg afs pçssgrfs af Irgsb`. DYGOHBXHG, [rbohmsg am Cfbovb``m. Z [çssgrf  [çssgrf 7\. 7\. Z7>1;\. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\.

Xèf [gu`f, fs pg`ghmtms motrm sb gul im`mzg afs cgrabos. Ml sug Ml hnçhgrg of igbrrf ag @uz, g absputgvgl dglì`bg [rgaf tbong cgrabombrf gustrìghf, Gotñobf Mtzm`, rmspfosçvm` pm`f amsmonf boe`ãs afs hgotmbrfs. M`m abspñs am dfrlg grtìstbhg çrvfrms d`frìdmrgs ‘ hflf lgeoø`bgs m lgoghçs ‘, m drutìdmrgs, hflf pbtgoeumbrgs m cgiutbhgimbrgs. Amotrf am ulg erutg, ul `mèf ml pmarg mxpm`bg çeug pm`g ifhg, mohgotgoaf gs hrbgoågs. G prbohmsg Bsgim`, qum vbsbtfu afog Tmrbabgog ml 7>>1, goftfu3 ‐Fs cgrabos tãl erglgafs abeofs ag Boe`gtmrrg Z…\ nç ul `gefzbonf, p`gotgåýms am rfsgs m hrgvfs `boafs. Tbl am `ç mohgotgag!“ M`mlmotf amhfrgtbvf ofs cgrabos mrg f hgrglgohnèf. Ymhfimrtfs am trmpgambrgs, lubtfs girbegvgl hfovmrsgs dglb`bgrms m p`gotgs mxøtbhgs hflf frquìamgs. M tgliâl gs ‐if`ngs am vbarf“, e`fifs hf`frbafs, am irb`nf lmtç`bhf, hfl hmrhg am 8;hl am abélmtrf, ml hfrms vbvgs, gzubs, hgrlmsbos, vmrams m afurgags hf`fhgags sfirm pmamstgbs fu pmqumofs pfstms am dmrrf, lmohbfogags pfr G`uìsbf am Gzmvmaf ml F hfrtbåf. hfrtbåf. Ofs mstgim`mhblmotfs hflmrhbgbs tgliâl sm vbgl cgrabos. G hmrvmcgrbg ag rug ag Eugrag Tm`ng, nfcm, Qrmzm am Lgbf, pmrtmohmotm ë Tbóvg Egim` & Hbg., rmhmibg smus h`bmotms pgrg hfosulbr g imibag ml egrrgdgs dmhngags pfr rf`ngs, dbxgags pfr igrigotm m `gåf mspmhbg` ‘ agì f oflm am ‐lgrhg igrigotm“ ‘ oul cgrabl prfvbaf am lmsgs am dmrrf, foam, sfi f drmshfr am tudfs am pg`lmbrgs m glmoafmbrgs, h`bmotms hfosulbgl smu hnfpm hnfpm ë  ë sflirg.

Fu f Nftm` Botmroghbfog` am Ymhbdm, hfl ul afs lm`nfrms cgrabos g d`frmshmr ml iuref trfpbhg`, qum vmoabg g blgeml am glibmotm mxøtbhf3

 

ergoam grvfrmaf, lubtgs d`frms m drutfs, pçssgrfs hgotgafrms, lghghfs m pgpgegbfs ë vbstg afs nøspmams. ]l `uxf! Qèf dfrtm dfb g lfag afs cgrabos qum lmslf cfrogbs hflf F Mspm`nf, Mspm`nf, rmvbstg am lfag, `btmrgturg m grtms, pui`bhgvgl grtbefs rmdmrmotms g d`frms. ‐D`frms mrgl fs prmsmotms lgbs afhms“, ag bodéohbg ë smpu`turg. Mxprmssgl ‐gqub`f qum smotblfs“, ‐tãl `boeugeml prøprbg qum mstç gf g`hgohm am tfafs“. F grtbhu`bstg hfonmhbg ul ergoam mshrbtfr qum, tg` hflf hfonmhbaf gutfr drgohãs, sø hrbgvg tmoaf ‐amdrfotm am sb ulg cgrrg hfl d`frms“. M ghgigvg pfr rmhflmoagr, af hgotmbrf pgrg g hgimåg, g`âl ags d`frms ogturgbs, gqum`gs qum g hngpm`mbrg Lgaglm Ngeuâ mrg hgpgz am dgzmr3 ‐Nç g`b hrgvfs, rfsgs, hglâ`bgs, cgslbos, d`frms am `grgocmbrg, modbl, ul hflp`mtf sfrtblmotf!“

 

  f boìhbf af sâhu`f ^B^, ml lubtgs hbagams, f gigstmhblmotf am çeug mrg prmhçrbf m f oólmrf am hngdgrbzms m dfotms bosudbhbmotm pgrg g hrmshmotm pfpu`gåèf. Lgbs af qum giuoaéohbg fu hgrãohbg, f usf ag çeug mstgvg rm`ghbfogaf hfl f trgig`nf lb`mogr am mohfotrç-`g, mxtrgì-`g, trgospfrtç-`g m ghfoabhbfoç-`g. Emstfs prmhbsfs mstgvgl `begafs gf smu usf. Hfod`btfs rm`ghbfogafs gfs pfotfs fu f`nfs-a‒çeug dbzmrgl pgrtm ag nbstørbg. Frgåýms m prfhbssýms rm`bebfsgs mrgl ghbfogags qugoaf dg`tgvgl hnuvgs hgpgzms am gigstmhmr fs `moåøbs drmçtbhfs. Emotm m goblgbs prmhbsgvgl am`g. G prmfhupgåèf rmhmotm hfl g nbebmom pmssfg` dgrbg, pfuhf g pfuhf, ag çeug ulg pgrhmbrg duoaglmotg`. [fuhgs hbagams, hflf Furf [rmtf, cç tbongl, amsam 7>;2, rmsmrvgtørbfs qum `mvgvgl g `bodg gtrgvâs am hgofs pgrg fs pfotfs hmotrgbs ag hbagam. Ml Abglgotbog, ml 7>1;, g çeug amshbg afs lfrrfs ml hgofs qum gigstmhbgl gs hgsgs: cç fs lfrgafrms ag hbagam am [frtf G`merm vbvbgl f prfi`mlg am sug dg`tg, hflf amshrmvmu Gvâ-@g``mlgot, ml 7>=>3 ‐G fitmoåèf ag çeug pftçvm` ambxg g`eulg hfbsg g amsmcgr. G hbagam dbhg of lmbf ag çeug, lgs sø sm amvm imimr g çeug ag lfotgong m mstg pfam smr hfoauzbag ml qugotbagam. Fs hngdgrbzms ag hbagam Z…\ oèf sèf giuoagotms ml çeug. Hfotuaf, g lmslg çeug tbrgag abrmtglmotm af rbf â pmrdmbtglmotm bosìpbag m `blpg.“ Amz gofs ampfbs, g hbagam mrg gigstmhbag pfr ulg hflpgonbg boe`msg, qum grrmhgagvg tgxgs hfosbamrçvmbs pgrg dgzã-`f, smeuoaf qumbxg am Fshgr Hgostgtt, emøergdf g`mlèf qum pgssfu pfr g`b. Am ghfraf hfl [gu`f am Gssuoåèf, ml Xèf [gu`f, g pfpu`gåèf sm

O

gigstmhbg dfotms@uzbg. af Egbf fu ag Qgigtboeumrg, dbhg hfonmhbag pfr dfotm ogs am Xgotg Ngvbg futrgs ibhgs motrmqum g rug Xèf Imotf m gampfbs gtug` @ìimrf Igagrø, og rug Dfrlfsg mth. [gu`f am Gssuoåèf ghrmshmotg gboag qum3 Og smeuoag lmtgam af sâhu`f, gs gotbegs tfrombrgs, vmrtmoaf çeug qum smeubg `bvrmlmotm pfr rugs m imhfs gtâ mohfotrgr g`eul hursf, dfrgl smoaf trgosdfrlgags ml hngdgrbzms. Hfl f mstgim`mhblmotf ag Hflpgonbg am Çeugs m Mseftfs, mstg pgssfu g smr rmspfosçvm` pm`fs hngdgrbzms, hfodfrlm g am`bimrgåèf af efvmrof. F hngdgrbz ag Lbsmrbhørabg, qum gigstmhbg fs lfrgafrms af motfrof, oèf mrg sudbhbmotm

pgrg gtmoamr ës omhmssbagams `fhgbs, g`âl am smr am qug`bagam bodmrbfr. F

 

hngdgrbz ag Lmlørbg, fu af [bqums, dfb hfostruìaf of boìhbf af sâhu`f ^B^. Ml 7>71, f efvmrof ag prfvìohbg bobhbfu g`tmrgåýms og rmebèf3 rmlfam`fu gs `gambrgs, `mvgotfu ul lurf am grrblf m hfostrubu ul fim`bshf. F moemonmbrf Agobm` [marf Lð``mr dfb f rmspfosçvm` pm`gs firgs m pm`gs hfrrmåýms dmbtgs of Gongoegigó, cuotf ë pfotm af @frmog. Ofs bafs am 7>44, f hngdgrbz agvg sbogbs am amhgaãohbg, dgzmoaf hfl qum g Hflbssèf am Firgs [ói`bhgs bobhbgssm ulg sârbm am rmlfam`gåýms motrm fs gofs 7>45 m 7>58. F hngdgrbz dfb amlf`baf gofs lgbs tgram. F Qgoqum af Suobeg mrg futrf pfotf am rmdmrãohbg ag hbagam. Xmeuboaf pm`g rug am Xèf Cfèf, hnmegvg-sm gf @gref af Qgoqum af Suobeg, gtug` @gref af [gbssgoau. Gs tmrrgs of sâhu`f ^TBBB ngvbgl pmrtmohbaf gf sgremotf-lfr sgremotflfr Lgofm` Suobeg. Abdmrmotmlmotm ag Murfpg, foam sm mreumrgl ogs hbagams vmragambrfs lfoulmotfs grtìstbhfs, gqub rgrgs dfotms hnglgvgl gtmoåèf. A. [marf BB, ml pgssmbf pfr Xg`vgafr, goftfu ulg prmhbfsbagam3 g dfotm af tmgtrf ag [bmagam, ml lçrlfrm, ‐hfl g dbeurg ag Glârbhg sup`gotgoaf ul argeèf, m ambtgoaf çeug pfr qugtrf hgvg`fs-lgrbonfs“. [fr dg`tg am çeug, ml lubtgs rmebýms ngvbg qumbxgs hfostgotms, prftmstfs m irbegs movf`vmoaf mshrgvfs m geugambrfs. Oèf dg`tgvgl hfodusýms pfr vçrbgs rgzýms ogs ibhgs m ofs hngdgrbzms qum dbhgvgl amprmagafs, prmcuabhgoaf f gigstmhblmotf. [grg mvbtgr prfi`mlgs, pgtru`ngs pói`bhgs vbebgvgl fs tgoqums m hngdgrbzms hflf f ag Hgrbfhg. Lgotbongl g framl m puobgl fs bodrgtfrms. Hgrrfhmbrfs bgl am hgsg ml hgsg fdmrmhmoaf gs ib`ngs hnmbgs3 mrgl fs geugambrfs. Yfupg sucg mrg `gvgag pfr rfiustgs `gvgambrgs fu mshrgvgs, ë imbrg am rbfs m tgoqums, dfrg am hgsg. Ml g`eulgs `fhg`bagams ‘  hgsf am Xg`vgafr, pfr mxmlp`f ‘ hnfhgvg fs vbgcgotms mstrgoembrfs vmr `gvgambrgs lbsturgags gfs cghgrâs m gfs igrrbs am mxhrmlmotfs amspmcgafs of lmslf `uegr ml qum… sm `gvgvg rfupg! G`eulgs dfotms tbongl hurrgbs am hblmotf pgrg mssg gtbvbagam. Lubtfs nflmos gprfvmbtgvgl g prfxblbagam pgrg gssmabgr lu`nmrms qum g`b trgig`ngvgl. M`gs, pfr sug vmz, gprfvmbtgvgl pgrg sm mohfotrgr, hfovmrsgr, hfovmrsgr, dg`gr ag vbag g`nmbg, trfhgr hfodbaãohbgs.

 

 [megr çeug of hngdgrbz3 hngdgrbz3 ul trgig`nf afs mshrgvfs. HGYTG@NF, Cfsâ afs Ymbs. Hngdgrbz af @gegrtf. @gegrtf. 7>=7. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\.

G `gvgeml am rfupg, pfr sug vmz, tfrofu-sm ulg vmragambrg boaóstrbg, hflf amshrmvm Amirmt3 Â am 7>74 qum agtg g bofvgåèf, of Ybf, ag boaóstrbg ag `gvgeml am rfupg. Mssg âpfhg hfbohbam tgliâl hfl g hnmegag am boólmrfs mstrgoembrfs ë hgpbtg` Z…\. G boaóstrbg blpfrtgag ag Murfpg tfrofu-sm ulg dfotm am rmhursfs pgrg g`eulgs dglì`bgs irgsb`mbrgs ag h`gssm lâabg: gssbl, pfr mxmlp`f, Zpgrg\ g vbóvg am ul duohbfoçrbf hfl vçrbfs db`nfs, hucg løabhg pmosèf oèf igstg: gssbl Zpgrg\ g lu`gtg vbóvg am ul

grtìdbhm, qum oèf pfam lgotmr smu mstgim`mhblmotf hfl fpmrçrbfs pfuhf ngib`bafsfs: Zpgrg\ g sf`tmbrfog mth.

 

Mrg ergoam g lfvblmotgåèf am pmssfgs gf rmafr af hngdgrbz af Hglpf am Xgotgog, tgliâl hfonmhbaf hflf Hngdgrbz ags @gvgambrgs3 ml 7>84 m`m dfromhbg çeug pgrg gprfxblgaglmotm augs lb` `gvgambrgs. Wuml lfrgssm ë imbrg am rbfs, usgvg f lâtfaf am ambxgr g çeug rmpfusgr pfr 91 nfrgs, pgrg igbxgr f igrrf, hflf fismrvgrgl Xpbx m Lgrtbus ës lgremos af Glgzfogs. Fu usgvg fs rbfs pgrg trgospfrtgr igrrbs, sfirm hgofgs, hflf dfb vbstf ml Ymhbdm. G çeug afs rbfs ghbfogvg lfbonfs am gåóhgr m lb`nf, gssbl hflf lfocf`fs ml çrmgs rurgbs. Lgbs tgram, qugoaf fs hgdmzgbs hflmågl g sm lu`tbp`bhgr, ghfoabhbfogaf ml tbogs, f `ìqubaf glf`mhbg fs erèfs am hgdâ.

 Lu`tbp`bhgl-sm fs rmhbpbmotms rmhbpbmotms pgrg grlgzmogr çeug.

 Abçrbf af Ybf am Cgombrf Cgombrf, gof ^@BT, o³ 811, p. 1, 74 amz. 7>41. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZNMLMYFQMHG\.

 

Abgotm ag amdbhbãohbg of gigstmhblmotf, fs lfrgafrms vbgl-sm og firbegåèf am hflprgr g çeug vmoabag ml igrrb`mtms g aflbhì`bf pm`fs geugambrfs. Lubtgs vmzms, çeug qumotm m sucg. Wuml hfotg â Jbaamr sfirm g hbagam am Im`âl3 ‐Oèf nç omonul hngdgrbz ml tfag g hbagam. F óobhf lgogohbg` am çeug pftçvm` dbhg g `mstm ag hbagam. [grg hfovmobãohbg ags dglì`bgs qum oèf abspýml am igstgotm hrbgafs, mohfotrgl-sm, pm`gs rugs, geugambrfs trgospfrtgoaf sfirm f afrsf am goblgbs, pmqumofs igrrbs am çeug pftçvm`. G çeug pgrg smrvbåfs aflâstbhfs prfvâl af rbf m am g`euos pfåfs dmbtfs ofs grrgig`ams“. M`g hnmegvg tgliâl ml ibhgs. Amotrf ags hgsgs, g çeug mrg grlgzmogag ml igrrbs, ib`ngs fu pftms am igrrf, ghfoabhbfogafs ml `uegrms hfimrtfs m grmcgafs, f qum lgotbong g çeug drmshg. Hf`fhgafs sfirm mstgotms, foam f gr gs vmotb`gvg, tgbs ib`ngs lgotbongl f `ìqubaf qugsm em`gaf, smeuoaf Jbaamr. Ml Ymhbdm, gs qugrtbongs dbhgvgl og cgom`g, rmhmimoaf g drmshg ag grgeml. Of dbog` af sâhu`f, g ib`ng am igrrf smrbg suistbtuìag pm`g `gtg.mMl pmrìfaf am prfi`mlg of gigstmhblmotf tfrogvg-sm gboag lgbfr, g pfpu`gåèf pgrgsmhg, fitmrf çeug mrg firbegag g pgegr lgbs hgrf pm`fs smrvbåfs afs geugambrfs. Gboag of dbog` af sâhu`f, mssms ó`tblfs, sml hmrblñobgs, bovgabgl gs hgsgs pgrg mohnmr igonmbrgs m pftms. Ml Grghgtb, of Hmgrç, quml puxgvg gs hgrrfhbongs hfl smus pmqumofs igrrbs, oèf mrgl ifbs, lgs hgrombrfs, smeuoaf ul vbgcgotm. Of [grç, fs hgrrfs a‒çeug mrgl puxgafs pfr ‐hgvg`fs trftýms m msqum`âtbhfs“ ‘ hfotgrgl Jbaamr m D`mthnmr. D`mthnmr. Og vbrgag af sâhu`f, hgrrfs-pbpg lfotgafs sfirm rfags m hfoauzbafs pfr lu`gs mrgl rmqubsbtgafs aurgotm fs bohãoabfs. ‐G çeug â abstrbiuìag ë vmoag pm`g hbagam ml ergoams pbpgs, pm`fs omerfs, m ml rmerg hustg g pbpg 8; g 1; râbs, lgs, ës vmzms, og mstgåèf hç`bag qugoaf oèf â igstgotm g çeug ghulu`gag pm`g hnuvg og ighbg af pâ af Hfrhfvgaf m ag ogshmotm, m`g hustg 9;; m gtâ 89; râbs ml pgpm`“ ‘ rmebstrfu f lb`btgr m gvmoturmbrf Hgr` Xmba`mr. Xmba`mr. G lgbfr pgrtm ag çeug af Ybf am Cgombrf vbong af gqumautf ‐af Hgrbfhg“. [fr lmbf am hgogbs sustmotgafs pfr lgcmstfsfs grhfs, smlm`ngotm gfs gqumautfs rflgofs, gtrgvmssgvg lfotms m vg`ms, hfoauzboaf g çeug ags ogshmotms af Hfrhfvgaf gtâ gs abvmrsgs dfotms m tgoqums ag hbagam. Fs prussbgofs Qnmfafr vfo @mbtnf`a m @uawbe vfo Ygoef rm`gtgrgl g blpfrtéohbg amssm gqumautf ml pmrìfaf am mstbgeml3 ‐G çeug vml ags

lfotgongs pfr gqumautfs m Z…\ â hfoauzbag g abvmrsgs m ifobtgs dfotms `fhg`bzgags ml prgågs pói`bhgs Z…\ og mstgåèf smhg af gof, rmbog ulg

 

ergoam ge`flmrgåèf ml tfrof afs hngdgrbzms, pfrqum fs hgrrmegafrms am çeug tãl qum mspmrgr nfrgs gtâ pfamrml mohnmr sugs vgsb`ngs“. F gqumautf glmobzgvg fs prfi`mlgs am dg`tg am çeug.

 Abvu`egåèf afs sìlif`fs ag lfogrqubg. Egrrgdg, 7>=7/72;;. L]XM] BL[MYBG@/BIYGL/LBOH.

Wum efstf tbong gs çeugs qum sm imibg6 Ml rbfs m ibhgs, pfabgl smr dârrmgs, tmrrfsgs, çhbags, afhms, sg`firgs, pmsgags, `mvms, gergaçvmbs fu botf`mrçvmbs gf pg`gagr. F efstf m f fafr smrvbgl am hgtmefrbg hbmotìdbhg pgrg bamotbdbhgr sugs qug`bagams. Ml 7>=8, og b`ng af Lfrrf am Xèf [gu`f, ml Xg`vgafr, f prøprbf blpmrgafr a. [marf BB, ml vbgeml, rmebstrfu3 ‐G çeug qum lm amrgl pgrg imimr mrg pfuhf h`grg, lgs abzml qum â ifg, m oèf lm pgrmhmu lç am efstf: â vmragam qum tbong igstgotm smam m g `fhg`bagam pgssg pfr sgabg, gboag qum g emotm oèf f pgrmåg pm`g dbsbfoflbg“. Cç og hgpbtg` ag Ignbg, gf imimr g çeug ag Hflpgonbg am Wumblgaf, hrbgag ml 7>=9 pgrg gigstmhmr g hbagam, ghnfu qum mssg ‐tbong efstf am dmrrf“. Bssf ghfotmhbg

pfbs, smlprm qum f smrvbåf `blpgvg fs hgofs, g `bodg egongvg lgu efstf m mrg, smeuoaf f blpmrgafr, ‐dmrvbag“ pgrg hfosulf. Of dfrtm af Lgr fu am Xèf Lgrhm`f, m`m imimu çeug am hbstmrog. Gf suibr f rbf Xèf Drgohbshf oul

 

pmqumof vgpfr, prmdmrbu hfosulbr çeug lbomrg` vboag am Tbhny, og Drgoåg, pfbs gì g ogturg`, smeuoaf m`m, mrg ‐pâssblg“. Og hghnfmbrg am [gu`f Gdfosf, imimu çeug af rbf, qum ghnfu ifg. M oml sm blpfrtfu am, ml [momaf, sfrvmr gqum`g ‐hfosmrvgag ml vgsfs pfr abgs“. Hfonmhmr fs sgifrms ag çeug tbong blpfrtéohbg, sbl. Hfonmhmr sug mspmssurg m amdmbtfs, tgotf smrvbg hflf hgtmefrbg hbmotìdbhg pgrg fs rm`gtørbfs abrbebafs ës gutfrbagams `fhgbs, qugotf vg`bg hflf hfonmhblmotf lmslf, pfbs sm ghrmabtgvg qum f `ìqubaf eugragvg prfprbmagams am vbag m lfrtm. M`m pfabg trgoslbtbr afmoågs am tfaf f tbpf, hgpgzms am motrgr pm`fs pfrfs af hfrpf, gobqub`goaf f boabvìauf. b oabvìauf. Og rmebèf ags smhgs, rmbogvgl gs hghbligs3 pfåfs am afbs fu trãs pâs gtâ qum sm hnmegssm ë çeug. Xm rgsfs, igstgvg hgvgr f `moåf` drmçtbhf, g`euos pg`lfs. ]os mrgl prftmebafs pfr igrrbhgs, futrfs, mlpfrhg`ngafs pm`f egaf qum vbong g`b imimr. Ml çrmgs rurgbs, ml qug`qumr prfvìohbg, fs rmefs-a‒çeug dfrlgvgl g mspbong afrsg` ags dgzmoags, grtbhu`goaf gs pgrtms prfautbvgs. G pgrtbr am`ms,fu ebrgvg f hftbabgofblpmabgl am trgig`nf. G gusãohbg agam çeug, pfuhg qugotbagam lç qug`bagam f duohbfoglmotf tfagsug g hgambg prfautbvg. [grg dbhgr oul mxmlp`f, ml Efbçs, hmrtg Dgzmoag @gefg, hfoh`uìag ml 7>59, dfb vmoabag, amslfotgag m rmlfotgag, g ulg `âeug am smu `fhg` frbebog`, pmrtf am ul hursf a‒çeug mstçvm`. Qâhobhgs m ifligs trgzbags pm`f hflârhbf hfl f mstrgoembrf ghm`mrgrgl gs luagoågs. Ml Xg`vgafr, f sgomglmotf lm`nfrfu, motrm futrgs rgzýms, pfr tmrml sbaf rmg`bzgags firgs nbarçu`bhgs hfl g bostg`gåèf am lftfrms g vgpfr, dgirbhgafs og Drgoåg, pfssbib`btgoaf ul imoâdbhf suprblmotf am çeug pftçvm` pgrg g hbagam g`tg. Og hbagam am Ybf Ergoam, ml 7>>9, g çeug mrg rmhf`nbag ergågs g ulg iflig, db`trgag gtrgvâs am grmbg m abstrbiuìag. Ergågs gf lm`nfr dfromhblmotf, f igonf am ighbg dfb trfhgaf pm`fs prblmbrfs igonmbrfs, hfl igonmbrgs am `fuåg fu am dmrrf mslg`tgaf.

 

 G`lgogqums mstblu`gvgl g blpfrtgåèf am nbebãobhfs db`trfs am çeug.  G`lgogj Galbobstrgtbvf, Lmrhgotb` Lmrhgotb` m  Boaustrbg` af Ybf am Cgombrf Cgombrf, gof 95, p. 428, 7>5;. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZNMLMYFQMHG\.

[fr fhgsbèf am vmrýms hgobhu`grms, qugoaf igbxgvg f oìvm` afs rmsmrvgtørbfs m gs ifligs bgl iushgr gs ó`tblgs eftgs of duoaf af pfåf, tfafs tbongl hg`fr m smam, boh`usbvm fs goblgbs. Mspmrgvg-sm, motèf, mxglbogoaf f hâu, qum hgìssm g hnuvg imodgzmcg pgrg mohnmr hghbligs m

g`blmotgr rbfs. Oèf dg`tgvgl frgåýms pgrg mohfrgcgr f ifl Amus g abrblbr fs prfi`mlgs am çeug, oèf modrmotgafs pm`gs gutfrbagams.

 

Fs hngdgrbzms egrgotbgl f gigstmhblmotf am çeug ogs hbagams. @]AUBE: IYBEEX Z6\. Gotbef Z6\. Gotbef hngdgrbz ag Hgrbfhg Zm\ ofvf hngdgrbz ag Hgrbfhg. Hgrbfhg. Z7>1=\. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\.

Xurtfs mpbaãlbhfs oèf rgrf hfbohbabgl hfl fs pmrìfafs am smhg, gulmotgoaf g bosgtbsdgåèf emrg`. G blprmosg amouohbgvg f prfi`mlg m rmh`glgvg sf`uåýms, pfbs f prmåf ag çeug suibg g ul mxtrmlf botf`mrçvm`. Of gof am 7>>2, oul lflmotf abdìhb` pgrg g hbagam gtboebag pm`g smhg, pfr ul surtf am dmirm glgrm`g m pfr gebtgåýms pf`ìtbhgs, f cfvml moemonmbrf [gu`f am Drfotbo pui`bhfu of Abçrbf of  Abçrbf am Oftìhbgs ul Oftìhbgs ul grtbef qum sm tfrogrbg dglfsf3 prflmtbg trgzmr ë hfrtm motrm 79 m 7= lb`nýms am `btrfs am çeug ml smbs abgs, hgsf f efvmrof `nm prfvbamohbgssm vmrig, lèf am firg m bodrgmstruturg omhmssçrbgs. ]lg smlgog ampfbs am bobhbgags gs firgs, gs çeugs ags

hghnfmbrgs aflmbf rbf Qboeuç, og Igbxgag D`ulbomosm, hnmegrgl ë rmprmsg af Igrrm`èf, pfr am tuiu`gåýms bostg`gags gf `gaf ag Mstrgag am Dmrrf Ybf a‒Furf. Ifos tmlpfs ml qum tgbs bobhbgtbvgs duohbfogvgl!

 

Gs firgs pgrg dfromhblmotf am çeug mohgogag abrmtglmotm pgrg gs hgsgs tbvmrgl boìhbf og smeuoag lmtgam af sâhu`f ^B^. Ml 7>54, g hbagam hfotgvg hfl gpmogs 5.;44 hgsgs m prfprbmagams hfl `begåèf abrmtg, moqugotf ngvbg 15 hngdgrbzms m >47 pb`gstrgs hfl tfrombrgs m ibhgs ogs msqubogs m ogs prgågs. Ofvgs hgptgåýms trgzbgl çeug af rbf a‒Furf, og rmebèf am Ofvg Beugåu, m am futrfs lgogohbgbs, moqugotf abvmrsfs rmsmrvgtørbfs mrgl hfostruìafs. Lgs, blpfrtgotm, g çeug mohgogag imomdbhbgvg gpmogs g pfpu`gåèf am lgbfr rmoag. G hnmegag af sâhu`f ^^ oèf sbeobdbhfu f dbl afs hngdgrbzms. M`ms hfotbougrgl hflf óobhg dfotm pgrg g pfpu`gåèf am hfrtbåfs, dgvm`gs m rmebýms pfirms ag hbagam. Gs ge`flmrgåýms gf rmafr ags ibhgs afs suióribfs mrgl gs lmslgs afs tmlpfs hf`fobgbs. F hngdgrbz af @gref ag Hgrbfhg gboag mrg usgaf pm`gs dglì`bgs qum lfrgvgl ofs lfrrfs am Xgotf Gotñobf m af Hgstm`f. ‐Â pgrg gì qum ul pfpu`ghnf, mslf`gligaf m sucf, amshm af lfrrf am Xgotf Gotñobf Z…\ m vml am futrf lfrrf, f af Hgstm`f, pm`g dglfsg Hnçhgrg D`frmstg.pgrg Ml dfrg Xgotf gs lu`nmrms @gvgl m ag moeflgl pfrGotñobf, prmåfs vbs“ ‘ mshrmvmtrgig`ngl f hrfobstglubtf. @ubz Maluoaf. Qgliâl Qgliâl lfrgafrms af lfrrf ag [rfvbaãohbg, og rmebèf hmotrg` ag hbagam, ampmoabgl ags ibhgs of smu abg g abg. Mrg g ‐`gtg a‒çeug og hgimåg“, blgeml qum, lgbs tgram, bospbrgrbg b ospbrgrbg ul sglig. Xèf [gu`f, pfr sug vmz, tmvm, sfi g igtutg af efvmrogafr Cfèf Qmfafrf ^gvbmr, g fregobzgåèf oèf sø am sug rmam am çeug, lgs tgliâl g am mseftfs m eçs. G hbagam pgssfu g gtrgbr fs `uhrfs ag `gvfurg, m g emotm af hglpf lberfu pgrg g hbagam. Ës vâspmrgs ag Gif`båèf, g hbagam hfotgvg hfl 15.425 ngibtgotms, 9=% afs qugbs mrgl murfpmus m 7% mshrgvfs.

 

  ushgvgl-sm hgsgs pgrg hflprgr fu g`uegr qum tbvmssml smu pfåf, hfl hgåglig m `gvgafurf. M`gs vg`bgl lgbs, lgs vg`bgl g pmog. Oèf mrg rgrf ul goóohbf hflf f qum sm `bg og Egzmtg af Ybf am Cgombrf of Cgombrf of boìhbf am 7>7>. Hmrtf hgvg`mbrf Abfef Eglibmr, hñosu` am Xug Lgcmstgam Irbtéobhg, fdmrmhbg, ml Iftgdfef, ulg prfprbmagam hfl ‐Hgsgs ofirms iml rmpgrtbags, hfl çeug am imimr, igonf am çeug afhm, hfhnmbrg, hgvg`grbåg m futrgs tgotgs hflfabagams pfr smr tuaf oul tmrrmof rmegaf hfl çeug afhm Z…\ lubtf hfovmobmotm pfr smr cuotf ë pmqumog mosmgag am Iftg Dfef pgrg fs igonfs am lgr“. @mlirg Eb`imrtf Drmyrm qum f igonf sg`egaf fu igonf am lgr, gf lmslf tmlpf nbebãobhf m rmhrmgtbvf, sm amsmovf`vmu motrm oøs pfr bod`uãohbg afs boe`msms qum ul pfuhf lgbs tgram, botrfauzbrgl tgliâl f wgtmr h`fsmt . Ml g`eulgs hgsgs, bostg`grgl-sm gssmotfs hfl ampøsbtfs bofafrfs, am dgirbhgåèf boe`msg, fs hnglgafs igonmbrfs, g`âl afs `gvgtørbfs. Lgs hfotbougvg g rmbogr f vgsf am g`ågs, fu pmobhf. F Blpârbf morbqumhbg, lgs oèf sm `blpgvg. Mrg hflul, og lmtgam af sâhu`f, gs hgrrfågs `mvgrml igrrbs nmrlmtbhglmotm dmhngafs pgrg pfotfs abstgotms ag hbagam. F sfirmvff afs uruius ghusgvg g emfergdbg afs amcmtfs. F Ymhbdm, gssbl hflf f Ybf am Cgombrf m Xg`vgafr, sfdrbg hfl sârbfs prfi`mlgs prfvfhgafs pm`f bohngåf pfpu`ghbfog`. Oulg âpfhg ml qum f sbstmlg am mseftfs gboag oèf mxbstbg, f qum dgzmr hfl fs amcmtfs m çeugs sucgs ‘ fu ‐çeugs smrvbags“ ‘, prfauzbafs abgrbglmotm pm`g pfpu`gåèf6 Ogs hmrhgobgs ags hbagams m ml `fhgbs foam mxbstbgl ergoams tmrrmofs, mrg dçhb`

I

girbr iurghfs am dfssgs, tgliâl Lgoum`g sm gtbrgvgGrruag am tuaf abrmtglmotm ofspgrg rbfs msmrvbr lgoeums, mxp`bhg lgs g nbstfrbgafrg afs Xgotfs. Ofs hmotrfs urigofs, pfrâl, mrg lgbs hflp`bhgaf `bvrgr-sm afs amcmtfs. [grg fs lâabhfs nbebmobstgs, f vgb m vml afs igrrbs am amcmtfs pm`gs rugs gulmotgvg f pmrbef afs lbgslgs ‘ hflf mrgl hnglgags gs supfstgs mlgogåýms qum vbgcgvgl pm`f gr, og âpfhg, hfosbamrgags rmspfosçvmbs pfr lf`âstbgs, hflf fs surtfs am ‐dmirms lg`beogs“, sgrglpf, vgrìf`g, absmotmrbgs, `mprg, sgrogs, fdtg`lbgs m tgotgs futrgs afmoågs tèf hfluos gf `foef am tfaf f sâhu`f ^B^.

 

 Nftm` m hgsgs am igonfs of of Ybf am Cgombrf. J@]LI, Ymvmrt Nmorbqum. @‒Nñ Nmorbqum. @‒Nñtm` tm`  [ngrfux  [ngrf ux (@gref  (@gref af [gåf). IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. F trgtglmotf agaf gfs amcmtfs `ìqubafs emrgvg drmqumotms qumbxgs afs lfrgafrms, pfrqum futrf nçibtf hflul og hbagam mrg f amspmcf afs pmobhfs af g`tf afs sfirgafs, sml pmrafgr f hglbongotm qum pgssgvg abstrgìaf pm`g rug, g qug`qumr nfrg af abg fu ag ofbtm. G`efzms dbhgvgl ë msprmbtg pfr trçs ags cgom`gs afs sfirgafs, mspmrgoaf g`eul amsgdmtf pgssgr pgrg ‐nforç-`f“ hfl mxhrmlmotfs gtbrgafs pm`g cgom`g. G sbtugåèf mrg tèf sârbg qum, ml 7>87, g Hélgrg Luobhbpg` am Ymhbdm mabtfu ul rmeu`glmotf amtmrlbogoaf qum f grrmlmssf am ‐çeugs smrvbags“ pgrg g rug sø pfamrbg smr dmbtf ë ofbtm, m, lmslf gssbl, gpøs smr agaf ul gvbsf prâvbf pfr trãs vmzms smeubags3 ‐Çeug vgb!… Çeug vgb!… Çeug vgb!“.

F bodrgtfr mstgrbg sucmbtf ë lu`tg m amvmrbg pgegr boamobzgåèf pm`fs prmcuìzfs hgusgafs ë vìtblg. Lgbs ulg vmz, g `mb oèf ‐pmefu“3 igonfs bovf`uotçrbfs m lg`hnmbrfsfs hfotbougrgl lgrhgoaf g pgbsgeml rmhbdmosm.

 

 Çeug pf`uìag3 mshrgvfs mshrgvfs cfegvgl amcmtfs aflâstbhfs ml rbfs m of lgr. Xmlgog B`ustrgag, B`ustrgag, o³ =, p. 84, 7>47. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZNMLMYFQMHG\.

F nçibtf hgusgvg rmpu`sg gfs vbgcgotms mstrgoembrfs, hflf Hngr`ms

Agrwbo qum, am pgssgeml pm`f Ymhbdm ml 7>84, gdbrlfu qum g hbagam tbong ul gspmhtf rmpueogotm3 ‐gs rugs sèf mstrmbtgs, lg` hg`ågags m bluoags“.

 

Emfrem Egraomr hfosbamrgvg tfags gs hbagams m hgpbtgbs af pgìs tmrrbvm`lmotm sucgs. G sbtugåèf sm gergvgvg ogs âpfhgs am mpbamlbg. Dfrgl gs hfostgotms lf`âstbgs qum smrvbrgl am igsm pgrg g rmdfrlu`gåèf ags ofåýms am nbebmom. Motrm gs bobhbgtbvgs pgrg hfotrf`gr gs mlgogåýms lg`âdbhgs, dfrgl pgvblmotgags m armogags g`eulgs rugs. F mspgåf pói`bhf tgliâl pgssfu g smr `gvgaf hfl g gcuag am lfrgafrms, m dfrgl pui`bhgags bostruåýms dgvfrçvmbs ë hbrhu`gåèf af gr m ag çeug, hflf g hfostruåèf am hngdgrbzms hfl çeug pftçvm` m g prfbibåèf am smpu`tglmotfs amotrf ags bermcgs. Bohmotbvgaf pm`fs efvmrogotms m pm`fs lâabhfs nbebmobstgs, f igonf, qum gboag oèf mrg ul hfstulm abçrbf pgrg ifg pgrtm ag pfpu`gåèf, pgssfu g smr vbstf hflf ulg amdmsg sup`mlmotgr hfotrg gs afmoågs. Cç ml g`euos pfotfs ags lgremos af rbf Hgpbigrbim mxbstbgl pmqumofs hmrhgafs dmbtfs am pg`ng foam gs dglì`bgs bgl igongr-sm, igongr-sm, prftmebags afs f`ngrms g`nmbfs. tberms, prmsmotms amsam@fubs f pmrìfaf hf`fobg`, tgliâl ag motrgrgl og lbrg ags Fs gutfrbagams. F drgohãs, Tgutnbmr, mohgrrmegaf hfostruåèf af Qmgtrf Xgotg Bsgim`, pgrg ‐hbvb`bzgr“ gs m`btms, dbhfu hnfhgaf gf vmr qum m`gs oèf pfssuìgl prbvgags ml smus sfirgafs. Qg` gusãohbg, smeuoaf m`m, ‐mrg hfusg ergvm“ m rmqumrbg ‐mxp`bhgåèf“. ]l rm`gtørbf sfirm g sgóam pói`bhg, gprmsmotgaf ë [rmsbaãohbg ag [rfvìohbg am [mrogliuhf, ml 7>=1, rmssg`tgvg g bohfovmobãohbg am sm trgospfrtgrml amcmtfs ml igrrbhgs, m prfpuong sug suistbtubåèf pfr `gtrbogs løvmbs m nmrlmtbhglmotm dmhngags. Ml 7>=>, nfuvm g prblmbrg tmotgtbvg am fregobzgåèf am ulg mlprmsg rmspfosçvm` pfr blp`gotgr ul sbstmlg lfamrof am mseftfs og hbagam. Ghrmabtgvg-sm qum, hfl tg` mlprmmoablmotf, f Ymhbdm egongrbg grms am hbvb`bagam, tmoaf hflf rmdmrãohbg gs bambgs drgohmsgs. Oèf dfb pfr ghgsf qum ul drgohãs, f moemonmbrf Hngr`ms @fubs Hglirfoom, fitmvm f abrmbtf am mxp`frgr f smrvbåf, hucf hfotrgtf prmvbg f mshfglmotf ags ‐çeugs smrvbags“ pgrg f rbf, pfr lmbf am hgofs am dmrrf fu am erâs, mspâhbm am hmrélbhg vbtrbdbhgag. Cç gs lgtârbgs sø`bags smrbgl ampfsbtgags ml hgbxgs am lgambrg rmvmstbags am lmtg`, qum g mlprmsg dfromhmrbg g hgag aflbhì`bf, mxp`bhg gboag Lgoum`g Grruag afs Xgotfs. Gpøs qubozm abgs, mssms ampøsbtfs smrbgl trgospfrtgafs pgrg `fhgbs abstgotms pfr hgrrfs ag hflpgonbg, qum tgliâl sm fhupgrbg ag hf`mtg af `bxf aflâstbhf m ags rugs. Gs firgs `mvgrbgl hbohf

gofs m fs hfotrbiubotms pgegrbgl ulg qugotbg goug` pm`f smrvbåf. G prblmbrg tmotgtbvg oèf amu hmrtf. Fs hustfs pgrg g hfohrmtbzgåèf af prfcmtf mrgl m`mvgafs, m g pfpu`gåèf oèf vbg hfl ifos f`nfs tgotgs

 

luagoågs. Lmslf gssbl, ml 7>4=, dfb rmofvgaf f hfotrgtf hfl f abtf moemonmbrf. H`çusu`gs gabhbfogbs prmvbgl qum Hglirfoom amvmrbg gssmeurgr ë pfpu`gåèf ul sbstmlg hflp`mtf am `blpmzg m mshfglmotf am amcmtfs ags hgsgs mxbstmotms m ags qum vbmssml g smr hfostruìags. [râabfs m sfirgafs tbongl qum tmr gf lmofs ulg `gtrbog pfr goagr. Xmrbgl hfostruìafs vgsfs m lbhtørbfs pói`bhfs, m g hbagam dbhgrbg abvbabag ml trãs abstrbtfs3 Ymhbdm, Xgotf Gotñobf m Ifg Tbstg. Of botubtf am rmeu`grbzgr g hf`mtg, g mlprmsg tmrbg prmdmrãohbg og rmlfåèf af `bxf afs aflbhì`bfs, rmeu`grbzgoaf gssbl f trgig`nf qum gotms mstgvg g hgref am mshrgvfs m omerfs am egonf. F sbstmlg prfpfstf mrg f lgbs mdbhbmotm ag âpfhg, mxbeboaf aup`g hgog`bzgåèf, mlprmef am lçqubogs g vgpfr m gafåèf am gpgrm`nfs g sbdèf, smlm`ngotms gfs am @foarms, hfl giuoagotm suprblmotf am çeug. F dgtf â qum, pfr vf`tg am 7>45, fs cfrogbs ag hbagam rmh`glgvgl qum f prfcmtf mseftfsmrg gboag oèf ngvbg hflp`mtglmotm af oèf pgpm`, pfbs fg oólmrf afs am `gtrbogs bosudbhbmotm m gsgìaf hgog`bzgåèf afs mseftfs hnmegrg ifg pgrtm ags hgsgs. Amshfotmotm, g pfpu`gåèf gpm`bafu am hglirfoom hglirfoom   fs gpgrm`nfs am `gtrbog. G hflpgonbg, pfr sug vmz, greulmotgvg qum fs lfrgafrms oèf utb`bzgvgl fs vgsfs hfrrmtglmotm, `goågoaf pgofs, fssfs, mspbongs am pmbxm m futrfs rmsìaufs am hfzbong, f qum fistruìg f sbstmlg m hgusgvg prmcuìzfs. G lm`nfr abstrbiubåèf am çeug hfrrmotm botrfauzbu futrfs nçibtfs am nbebmom, hflf f usf ag prbvgag, motèf hfonmhbag pfr sugs amsbeogåýms ml `ìoeug mstrgoembrg hflf wgtmr h`fsmt   fu rmtrgbtm rmtrgbtm.. G af mshrbtfr Cfsâ am G`mohgr, pfr mxmlp`f, dbhgvg ml smu ‐egibomtm am vmstbr“. Gotms, gs pmssfgs ‐sm g`bvbgvgl“ ml pçtbfs, ‐hgsbongs“, ‐hgegafurfs“ sfirm hnbqumbrfs am pfrhfs. Ml hgiuoefs, pmobhfs fu ogs rugs. Mrg hfosbamrgaf boam`bhgaf f`ngr fu hulprblmotgr g`euâl qum mstbvmssm sm g`bvbgoaf ogs rugs. F ‐vgsf pmamstg`“ hfl amshgreg hfomhtgag gfs mohgoglmotfs sm abssmlbofu g pgrtbr am 7>>1, ampfbs am tmr sbaf bovmotgaf pfr Emfrem Cmooboes. Lgs, gpmsgr am sug mdbhbãohbg, oml smlprm dfb gaftgaf sml rmsbstãohbg. Hgsf mxmlp`gr dfb hfotgaf ml sugs lmlørbgs pm`f `ìamr pf`ìtbhf, Ermeørbf Imzmrrg. Ørdèf gfs fbtf gofs dfb lfrgr ml Ymhbdm, hfl g dglì`bg am dgzmoambrf rbquìssblf. Omssg hgsg, amhfrgag hfl tfafs fs grtmdgtfs ag lfamrobagam, boh`usbvm

qugrtfs am igonf gzu`mcgafs m hfl g ofvbagam ag prbvgag, f lmobof mrg firbegaf g `blpgr abgrbglmotm… fs pmobhfs!

 

F sbstmlg am mseftfs duohbfofu prmhgrbglmotm aurgotm g smeuoag lmtgam af sâhu`f ^B^, hfotrbiuboaf pgrg g prf`bdmrgåèf am mpbamlbgs, prbohbpg`lmotm gs am tbdf m absmotmrbg. Xml lgoutmoåèf m nbebmobzgåèf gamqugags, gs `gtrbogs sm trgosdfrlgrgl ml dfhfs am rgtfs m igrgtgs amotrf ags hgsgs. F lgu mstgaf am hfosmrvgåèf afs hgofs prfvfhgvg g hfotglbogåèf af sf`f, m gs amshgregs mrgl bosudbhbmotms. Gssbl, fs tberms hfotbougrbgl g pgssmgr hfl smus rmpueogotms hfotmóafs pm`gs rugs am vçrbgs hgpbtgbs, m, aurgotm lubtfs gofs, gboag sm fuvbrbg dg`gr ags dmrgs tmrrìvmbs qum g`b vgegvgl aurgotm g ofbtm. G hnmegag ag çeug ml g`eulgs hgsgs trgosdfrlfu rgpbaglmotm g vbag am tfafs fs smus lfrgafrms, agoaf `mvmzg g ul dgraf smhu`gr. [grg tfag ulg emrgåèf, f prfermssf rflpbg hfl g pgrhblñobg, gf lmslf tmlpf ml qum gs vm`ngs trgabåýms abtgvgl ulg amshfodbgoåg hfotrg fs lg`dmbtfs ag çeug m af mxhmssf am smu hfosulf. Igongr-sm ml g`euos rbfs, hfl f hfrpf sugaf, dgzbg gafmhmr ‘ rmzgvgsmg igongvgl6 `moag. Hgsf,Ml pfrvbgeml mxmlp`f, af rbf ags Tm`ngs, Tm`ngs, Lbogs.ml Gs pmssfgs ë Ignbg, a. [marf BB ml rmebstrfu abçrbf of abg > am futuirf am 7>=83 ‐Tfu tflgr lmbf igonf, `mr m afrlbr“. F qum mrg f lmbf igonf6 F rmsu`tgaf amssg prçtbhg sm pfam gabvbongr3 qugoaf g mauhgafrg g`mlè Bog vfo Ibozmr hnmefu, ml 7>>9, dbhfu blprmssbfogag hfl f pmshfåf m gs frm`ngs bluoags afs irgsb`mbrfs. [grg mssg irmvm `blpmzg, mrgl usgafs cgrrfs m ighbgs ml prgtg fu pø am pmarg. Xbl, pfbs ofssfs gotmpgssgafs tbongl lmaf, bosbstf, lmaf af igonf. Ml smu `uegr, f nçibtf am ‐`blpgr g smhf“, hfl ul pgof ólbaf, mstgvg abssmlbogaf ml tfags gs h`gssms sfhbgbs. gssmbf, pfr usgvgl-sm rmhmbtgs frg`3gdgstgvg f sgièf dmbtf[grg hflf hbozgs, mxmlp`f, `gvgvgtrgoslbtbags fs hgim`fs. pm`g F usftrgabåèf af vbogerm lfshgs m mvbtgvg lgu hnmbrf. Hgrvèf m ç`hff` h`grmgvgl fs amotms. Igonfs am gssmotf hfl df`ngs lmabhbogbs rmsf`vbgl prfi`mlgs utmrbofs. Lgs, gtmoåèf3 nbebmom abçrbg ags pgrtms ìotblgs pfabg gig`gr g vbrtuam fu amspmrtgr smotblmotfs blpmrafçvmbs oulg lu`nmr nforgag.

 

 [rfpgegoag  [rf pgegoag am hgsgs am igonfs igonfs hgrbfhgs.  G`lgogj Galbobstrgtbvf, Lmrhgotb` Lmrhgotb` m  Boaustrbg` af Ybf am Cgombrf Cgombrf, gof 7;, p. 57, 7>44. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZNMLMYFQMHG\.

Ofs gofs 7>4;, surebrgl gs prblmbrgs hgsgs am igonfs ogs hgpbtgbs. Oulg am`gs, g Hgsg am Igonfs [ngrfux, ofs grrmafrms ag rug af Fuvbafr, Ybf am Cgombrf, fs h`bmotms mrgl botmrpm`gafs pfr ul goóohbf rmvm`gafr3 ‐Tmong tflgr igonf og [ngrfux, qum â af qum f smonfr prmhbsg“! Ml Xèf [gu`f, G Xmrmbg [gu`bstg fdmrmhbg smrvbåfs g ulg h`bmotm`g gboag lubtf amshfodbgag afs imomdìhbfs am ulg igonmbrg. Gdbog`, m`gs oèf sm pgrmhbgl g ‐hgbxýms am pmarg m hg`“ foam gs pmssfgs pfabgl sm gdfegr6 G`âl abssf, pgegr pfr ul iml ogturg`, g çeug, pgrmhbg gfs pfssìvmbs drmqumotgafrms, lubtf msqubsbtf. Qmlfrms am framl lfrg` rfoagvgl beug`lmotm gs hgsgs fu qugrtfs am igonf ‘ oflm qum sm agvg gf igonmbrf. Gdbog`, f mo`goeumshblmotf

igonf oflm qum sm agvg gf igonmbrf. Gdbog`, f mo`goeumshblmotf prfvfhgaf pm`g çeug qumotm, g ouamz, f f`ngr pgrg sb m g lgsturigåèf mrgl rbshfs qum hfrrbgl fs qum sm igongvgl hfl gssbaubagam. Agì f mlprmef am

 

hglbsf`gs pgrg smonfrgs m am pgobonfs gtfg`ngafs hfl fs qugbs m`gs mvbtgvgl sm tfhgr abrmtglmotm. Ml 7>45, f lâabhf drgohãs, Lmrry Am`gifst, bovmotfu g auhng lfamrog. F ghngaf, qum smrvbg frbebog`lmotm pgrg g nbebmom afs prbsbfombrfs gerupgafs of prmsìabf am Ifoom Ofuvm``m, ml [grbs, dfb mxpfrtgaf pgrg hç. Wugotg amshfodbgoåg amspmrtgvg, ogqum`g âpfhg, ulg sblp`ms auhng! Amoflbogafs ‐Igonfs am hnuvg“ fu ‐Igonfs am rmegafr“, tmlbg-sm qum f  cgtf a‒çeug sfirm g hgimåg hgusgssm pg`pbtgåýms. Oèf dg`tgvg quml, gf rmhmiã-`f, erbtgssm, hrbspgoaf lèfs m pâs. Gpmsgr afs sustfs, gs auhngs mrgl hfosbamrgags ul sgotf rmlâabf pgrg afmoågs gs lgbs vgrbgags. A. [marf BB, pfr mxmlp`f, oèf pgssgvg sml gs sugs, tflgags of mstgim`mhblmotf m`megotm am ul drgohãs, Gotfbom Hfurt, f Blpmrbg` Mstgim`mhblmotf Nbarftmrçpbhf, ml [mtrøpf`bs.

 

F igonf am lgr mrg hfosbamrgaf blfrg` pm`g blprmosg. blprmosg. F Lfsqubtf, Lfsqubtflgr. , gof7>59. 1, o³ 78;, p. >, 2 IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZNMLMYFQMHG\.

[fuhf ghfstulgafs g tgbs `uxfs, lubtfs h`bmotms rmhmibgl frbmotgåýms pgrg sm hflpfrtgrml gamqugaglmotm ml tgbs hgsgs am igonfs. Of dglfsf Nftm` Lfrmgu, og Qbcuhg, Ybf am Cgombrf, ul `mtrmbrf, abgotm ag pbshbog, mxp`bhgvg3 ‐Â mxprmssglmotm prfbibaf tflgr igonf sml hg`ågs, of igonf usgr sgièf, pøs am amotms fu futrfs boermabmotms.“ [fr bssf lmslf, ofs  cfrogbs ag aâhgag am 7>5;, goóohbfs gprmefgvgl tmr hnmegaf am [grbs, ‐botmrmssgotms hfstulms af ó`tblf efstf pgrg nflmos m smonfrgs qum amsmcgrml tflgr igonfs sg`egafs, g`âl am sø`bags dgzmoags pgrg rmsbstbr ë çeug sg`egag“. M ul gamoaf3 g m`meéohbg afs trgcfs ogag ambxgvg g amsmcgr. Dbhgr botmbrglmotm ou mrg lg` ghmbtf. G pgrtbr am 7>5;, fs igonfs am rbf ‐ml trgcms am Gaèf“ pgssgl g smr prfbibafs pfr pfsturgs luobhbpgbs. M g lmotg`bagam gustmrg hfovbagvg g emotm irgsb`mbrg g pmosgr g dg`tg am igonfs hflp`mtfs pfr futrf prbslg. ‐Igonfs am egtf“, msdrmegåýms hfl vbogerm, `gvgr gs lèfs gotms ags rmdmbåýms, rfupgs irgohgs `blpgs m pmrdulgags, hñlfafs amdulgafs, gssmeurgvgl g gutfmstblg m g smosgåèf am sm ‐mstgr `blpf“. Bg hgboaf ml amsusf hfosbamrgr-sm f hnmbrf hfrpfrg` hflf g`ef ‐ogturg`“. F hnuvmbrf sm tfrogvg, pfuhf g pfuhf m ml tfag g pgrtm, ulg

bostbtubåèf. G hgimåg, hfotuaf, rgrglmotm lmrmhbg hubagafs dbhgoaf g hgref ags lu`nmrms hgtgr fs trgabhbfogbs pbf`nfs. Fs `foefs hgim`fs dmlbobofs mrgl

 

hgotgafs ml prfsg m vmrsf pfr pfmtgs m abspfstfs ml trgoågs fu futrfs pmotmgafs. Wuml oèf pfssuìg ulg hgimåg iml hflpfstg, hflprgvg gs trgoågs vmoabags ml igoamcgs pm`gs rugs. Fs nflmos amrrglgvgl sfirm fs smus hgim`fs f pmrdulgaf ø`mf am lghgssç. Cuotf hfl g bovgsèf ag çeug, lu`tbp`bhgl-sm fs prfautfs am mstâtbhg m nbebmom. ]l prblmbrf lflmotf tmvm `uegr ogs aâhgags qum sm smeubrgl ë vboag ag dglì`bg rmg` pgrg f Irgsb`. G gimrturg afs pfrtfs ës ogåýms glbegs trfuxm pgrg hç amotbstgs, hgim`mbrmbrfs, cfg`nmbrfs, pmruqumbrfs, pmrdulbstgs m hfsturmbrfs mstrgoembrfs. Ygpbaglmotm, prfautfs blpfrtgafs egongl gs prgtm`mbrgs. Ml 7>75, f omefhbgotm drgohãs Hgr`fs Aurgoa dgzbg sgimr g smus h`bmotms qum ngvbgl hnmegaf ofvbagams3 pmrdulms abvmrsfs, çeug am Hf`feom,, abvmrsgs mssãohbgs m vbogerms pgrg tfuhgafr m pgrg lmsg, sgièf, Hf`feom `mqums am tfag g sfrtm, mshfvgs m pmotms am tfags gs qug`bagams, lmsgs m mspm`nfs am tfuhgafr, mspm`nfs am tfafs fs tbpfs, hfl m sml lf`aurg. [g`gvrgshfbddmur sm mstrgoembrgs egongvgl mspgå f of smrç abç`fef af abg g gabg3 sg`èf af lgïtrm hfbddmur  sm qubsmr hfrtgr mspgåf f hgim`f, hfoauzbaf ul‐Of egibomtm am mspm`nfs foam pfamrç dgzmr f hfrtm ë drgoågbsm drgoågbsm fu  fu ë `‒goe`gbsm `‒goe`gbsm“. “. Mssm glp`f lmrhgaf am hfosulf sø dmz hrmshmr. Og smeuoag lmtgam af sâhu`f ^B^, gs rmvbstgs dmlbobogs, hflf f Cfrog` ags Dglì`bgs m Dglì`bgs m lgbs tgram, g Ymvbstg Dmlbobog, Dmlbobog, sm mohnbgl am goóohbfs am hrmlms dmbtfs hfl lm`, ø`mf am glãoafgs afhms m çeugs am rfsgs pgrg f rfstf, irgåfs m lèfs dmlbobogs. G grtm ag im`mzg pgssg g smr ul hgpìtu`f ë pgrtm ogs pui`bhgåýms m ogs hfovmrsgs. M g lu`nmr egong ulg duoåèf froglmotg` abrmtglmotm prfpfrhbfog` gf hrmshblmotf af usf am prfautfs m smrvbåfs mstâtbhfs. Fs grtbefs sgobtçrbfs hflf smrvbmttms, smrvbmttms , hg`åf`gs m tfg`ngs nbebãobhgs mohnmrgl grlçrbfs dmlbobofs. Qboturgs pgrg fs hgim`fs am glifs fs smxfs, hflffsg Hnbomsg, sm gouohbgvgl gssbl3 ‐Oèf hfoduoabr mstg tboturg hfl futrgs qum pfr gì sm vmoaml qum gs lgbs ags vmzms oèf tboeml f hgim`f, lgs qumblgl g pm`m“. Hflmågvg g igtg`ng hfotrg fs hgim`fs irgohfs, fs ag hgimåg, lgs tgliâl fs ags igrigs m ibefams. Gpmogs gf dbog` af sâhu`f tmrbg boìhbf f hfligtm gfs lbhrøibfs. F usf am amsbodmtgotms m am sgifomtms, g amhfrgåèf am igonmbrfs, tuaf, modbl, iushgvg luagr f blgeboçrbf ag `blpmzg. Amobsm Xgot‒Goog mxp`bhg qum gs trgosdfrlgåýms gtboebgl gs pmssfgs ml sugs hgsgs, lgs tgliâl gs hbagams.

Abgotm am ofvfs hgdâs m rmstgurgotms, qubfsqums m tgimrogs pgrmhbgl sucfs. Lm`nfr mvbtç-`fs.

 

G pgrtbr ag aâhgag am 7>>;, g nbebmom pgssfu g smr motmoabag hflf ul bostrulmotf am hfodfrtf m prfermssf, gssbl hflf ulg hbãohbg hgpgz am hfligtmr gs blpurmzgs bovbsìvmbs g f`nf ou. Lbhrøibfs6 Gefrg sm sgibg3 mxbstbgl gfs lb`nýms. Mrgl lboóshu`fs, lgs, pmrbefsìssblfs. Lm`nfr sm prmhgvmr tflgoaf gs [ì`u`gs gs [ì`u`gs Tmemtgms Tmemtgms ag Ergåg am Amus, Amus, hflf suemrbg hmrtg prfpgegoag. Â smlprm ifl `mlirgr qum dfb ul `foef hglbonf mssm qum suistbtubu nçibtfs trgabhbfogbs pfr ofvfs. M qum g gssfhbgåèf motrm pfirmzg, sucmbrg m afmoåg dfb sm hfosf`bagoaf ë lmabag qum g boaóstrbg af igonf m ag nbebmom luagvg g smosbib`bagam ml rm`gåèf gf hfrpf.

 

[ÇEBOGX 9;9 M 9;8 

Hfzbong3 g prmpgrgåèf ag dgrbong am lgoabfhg. LFOOBO Z6\.Lmoabfhg. Z6\. [râpgrgtbfo  [râpgrgtbfo am `g  Dgrbom am Lmoabfhg . 7>14. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 AMOBX, DMYABOGOA. IYÂXB@: HF@FLIBM  MQ E]RGOMX E]RGOMX. ZEYGT]YG 47\.

hfzbong hfstulgvg smr f ó`tblf hñlfaf ag rmsbaãohbg fu ulg ampmoaãohbg gomxg. Ml g`euos hgsfs, f dfeèf sm `fhg`bzgvg ofs pgvblmotfs supmrbfrms af sfirgaf. Mssm tbpf am hfostruåèf dfb amshrbtf pfr Jbaamr ml sugs vbgemos g [mrogliuhf3 ‐Lubtgs ags hgsgs af `uegr gprmsmotgl mstb`f amshfonmhbaf of rmstf af Irgsb`. G af smonfr Ygy dbhgvg drfotmbrg gf lgr Z…\ tbong smbs goagrms Z…\ f qubotf mrg rmsmrvgaf gfs rmdmbtørbfs m, dbog`lmotm, f smxtf, pgrg hfzbong Z…\ g hfzbong Zmrg\ `fhg`bzgag of søtèf, pfbs, gssbl, f rmstf ag hgsg dbhgvg `bvrm, oèf sø ag dulgåg af dfeèf hflf af md`óvbf ags pgom`gs.“ Ml lubtgs am`gs, gs ib`ngs a‒çeug pgrg imimr fu dgzmr usf hu`boçrbf dbhgvgl m`mvgags sfirm igoqumtgs mspmhbg`lmotm hfostruìags pgrg rmhmiã-`gs. F pfrtueuãs Gueustf Mlì`bf Sg`ugr blprmssbfofu-sm hfl ‐g `blpmzg, g framl, f gssmbf“ hfl qum sm trgig`ngvg ogs hfzbongs am ulg dgzmoag ml Ybimbrèf Drbf. ‐G çeug mohgogag `mvg g tfags gs sugs fdbhbogs f smu prmhbfsf guxì`bf.“ Og prblmbrg lmtgam af sâhu`f ^B^, g hfzbong rmhmibg smonfrgs m

G

mshrgvgs Ml sugsë lmsg lmlørbgs, Googqum Ybimbrf am hgsgag Eøms Ibttmohfurtboabstbotglmotm. `mlirg qum mrg smotgag ag hfzbong, sug lèm, hfl ul gerbhu`tfr af Ymhñohgvf igbgof, mosbogvg g nbstørbg sgergag m hfotgvg g vbag afs sgotfs pgrg gs hgtbvgs. Ë lmslg lmsg, abvbabgl-sm trgig`nfs am hfsturg. G`b, gboag, mrg f lm`nfr `uegr pgrg g prfsg motrm gs lu`nmrms. G lgrqumsg am Xgotfs, pfr sug vmz, rmhmimu Xbr Ybhngra Iurtfo, ‐og botblbagam am sug hfzbong, foam smotgvg of hnèf, dulgoaf, oèf ul hbegrrf, lgs ul hghnblif“. Omssm mspgåf, pfrâl, rmbogvgl gs ‐mshrgvgs am amotrf“ m lgbs tgram, gs hfzbonmbrgs m hrbgags: ogs h`gssms lgbs pfirms, amsam hmaf, mrgl gs lmobogs

qum sm gssmonfrgvgl ags gtbvbagams. [msqubsgs rmvm`gl qum f oólmrf am ‐hfzbonmbrfs“ tgliâl mrg m`mvgaf. Fs cfrogbs ag hgpbtg`, og smssèf ‐Goóohbfs“ mxpuongl g blpfrtéohbg m g vgrbmagam amssgs pmrsfogemos3

 

‐G`ueg-sm ulg prmtg qubtgoambrg, afhmbrg. Hfzbonmbrg, `gvgambrg, moeflgambrg m lubtf ab`bemotm ml tfaf f smrvbåf“. Tã-sm gqub qum g oèf mspmhbg`bzgåèf mrg g tmoaãohbg ogs dglì`bgs lmofs gigstgags. Fu ‐ifg prmtg, pmrdmbtg hfsturmbrg, hfzbong m motmoam am grrgocf ag hgsg, `mvgoaf ulg db`ng am 4 g > gofs, gligs dg`gl iml f drgohãs“. G`eulgs amssgs mshrgvgs, g`âl am hfzbongr qubtutms, fs vmoabgl, tgliâl, hflf gliu`gotms. [grg gs mshrgvgs hfotrgtgags oèf ngvbg abstboåèf af smrvbåf g smr mxmhutgaf, oml nfrçrbf am trgig`nf dbxf g hulprbr. Mrg tmlpf botmerg` lmslf.

 

F g`ueum` am mshrgvfs m mshrgvgs hfzbonmbrfs mrg drmqumotm.  Abçrbf af Ybf am Cgombrf Cgombrf, gof ^^B^, o³ >858, 78 gir. 7>=;. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZNMLMYFQMHG\.

G pgrtbr am 7>=;, hfl f dbl af trçdbhf am gdrbhgofs, g fdmrtg am mlprmefs sm abvmrsbdbhfu3 ‐[rmhbsg-sm am ulg hrbgag am 1; gofs, pgrg hfzbonmbrg, g`mlè fu drgohmsg og rug af Hfoam o. 7“. ‐Wuml prmhbsgr am ul hfzbonmbrf irgohf, pgrg hgsg pgrtbhu`gr, qum sgim hfzbongr f trbvbg` Z…\ abrbcg-sm ë rug Xèf Cfrem“. Fu gboag3 ‐[rmhbsg-sm, pgrg hgsg am dglì`bg, am ulg hrbgag, oèf sm f`ng gs hfrms, qumr-sm qum sgbig hfzbongr f trbvbg` m lubtf `blpg: pgrg trgtgr og rug [rbohmsg afs Hgcumbrfs, o. 29“. G fdmrtg am trgig`ngafrms murfpmus dfb hfostruboaf ul ofvf vfhgiu`çrbf

og ]l ‐lfåf pfrtueuãs“, pfr mxmlp`f, smusoghbfog` prâstblfs pgrghfzbong. mlprmegr-sm og h`gssm am hfzbonmbrf, ml hgsg‐fdmrmhbg pgrtbhu`gr, fu mstrgoembrg“. F dgtf am smr `bvrm, hflf sm vã, `nm agvg f abrmbtf am

 

rmluomrgåèf m lm`nfr hfosbamrgåèf. Fs goóohbfs, of Cfrog` af Hfllmrhbf Hfllmrhbf,, rmvm`gl g abvmrsbagam am hflpmtãohbgs amssms prfdbssbfogbs3 ‐G`ueg-sm ul prmtf pmrdmbtf ifl hfzbonmbrf am dfrof, dfeèf m afhmbrf“, pfr 8= lb` râbs gf lãs. ‐G`ueg-sm ul ifl hfzbonmbrf am dfrof m dfeèf m lgssgs, `bvrm“. Qfafs amvbgl tmr ul pmrdmbtf aflìobf af trgig`nf g`b mxmhutgaf, g`âl am hfonmhmr gs dfrlgs am gigstmhblmotf m prmpgrgåèf am g`blmotfs. [grg sm tmr bambg, gtâ g hnmegag af lfmafr, f hgdâ mrg trbturgaf ml ergoams pb`ýms. G nbstfrbgafrg Xgoarg Ergngl gssbl amshrmvmu f prfhmssf3 F trgig`nf og hfzbong mrg ghg`frgaf, sucf m hgosgtbvf, lmslf qugoaf amotrf am hgsg. Gtâ fs prgtfs lgbs hfluos rmqumrbgl prmpgrgåýms `gifrbfsgs m sgoeubof`motgs. Hfl ul hfrtm pmqumof m prmhbsf of pmshfåf af drgoef, g hfzbonmbrg f lgtgvg m sgoergvg rgpbaglmotm, ampmogvg-f m, motèf, gprfotgvg-f pgrg hfzbongr. Fu, hnglushgvg-f, ml ulg tçiug am hfzbong, hfrtgvg m rmtbrgvg afs fssfs dgtbgs am hgrom pgrg gssgr. Aurgotm nfrgs, hfzbongvg `motglmotm f gåóhgr lgshgvf ml `grefs tghnfs am hfirm, lmxmoaf m mxpmrblmotgoaf gtâ hnmegr gf pfotf ml qum gqum`g lgssg mshurg af lm`gåf sm hfovmrtbg ml gåóhgr irgohf m smhf. Hubagafsglmotm, mshf`nbg f grrfz, cfegoaf dfrg fs erèfzbonfs am sucmbrg m `gvgoaf-f vçrbgs vmzms. Hfl ulg egrrgdg mslbeg`ngvg fs tfrrýms aurfs am sg`, tfrogoaf-f dbof. Fu gboag, igtbg f dmbcèf pgrg smpgrgr fs erèfs am sug dbog vgeml smhg. Ogs rmebýms rurgbs, f trgig`nf oèf mrg lmofr. [grg dbhgr oul mxmlp`f, ofs smrtýms am Efbçs, hgibg ës lu`nmrms prmpgrgr pm`f lmofs hbohf rmdmbåýms abçrbgs, smrvbags ml hgsg, tgotf pgrg g dglì`bg m mshrgvfs qugotf pgrg mlprmegafs, pmýms fu vbgcgotms g`fcgafs og prfprbmagam. G rftbog tbong boìhbf ës hbohf nfrgs ag lgonè, hfl g prmpgrgåèf af qum hflmr pgrg fs qum trgig`ngvgl `foem ag hgsg, hfotg f mstuabfsf ag rmebèf Ygdgm` G`vms [botf Cuobfr. Ës smtm nfrgs, smrvbg-sm f g`lfåf, qugoaf mrg hflul f smonfr fu prfprbmtçrbf agr framos m abstrbiubr gdgzmrms: gf lmbf-abg, tbong lmrmoag rmdfrågag m ës qugtrf fu hbohf nfrgs, f cgotgr. Ës 72 nfrgs, fdmrmhbg-sm ulg

hmbg gotms qum tfafs dfssml afrlbr. Xml hfotgr qum f abtf ‐sgotuçrbf ag afog am hgsg“, og lgbfr pgrtm ags vmzms, sm gprmsmotgvg ml pâssblgs hfoabåýms. G lbssbfoçrbg lmtfabstg Lgrtng Ugtts, rmhâl-hnmegag g [brghbhgig, Xèf [gu`f, ml 7>>7, rmebstrgvg

 

abssgifrms ml smu abçrbf3 dfb g`fcgag ml hgsgs am igrrf, sml hfodfrtf m sml dfef. ‐Lubtgs am`gs oèf pfssuml gssfg`nf m omonulg am`gs pfssub gssfg`nf og hfzbong. [grg hfzbongr m`gs pfssuml ul grrgocf hnglgaf „dfeèf‒, pfrâl qugoaf f dfef â omhmssçrbf, g dbl am gqumhmr fs amafs m fs ogrbzms ags hrbgoågs, ul dfef â dmbtf of hgotf af hnèf ag hfzbong, smoaf qum f hgotf duohbfog hflf ulg hnglboâ“. Am ghfraf hfl Xgoarg Ergngl, qug`qumr rmdmbåèf mrg rmsu`tgaf am lubtgs nfrgs am trgig`nf. F lgbs sblp`ms dmbcèf tbong qum smr pfstf g smhgr, smr igtbaf, gigogaf, hgtgaf gotms am br gf dfef. F hgdâ, ampfbs am hf`nbaf, tbong qum smhgr gf sf`, smr gigogaf, `blpf m ampfbs tfrrgaf m lfìaf. [f`vb`nf m duiç, lubtf usgafs of `uegr af trbef, mxbebgl rg`gåèf ag lgoabfhg, ampurgåèf m smhgeml af pf`vb`nf. Fu lfgeml af lb`nf hfl pmsgags løs am pmarg. G hfosmrvgåèf ag hgrom tgliâl agvg trgig`nf3 rmtg`ngvgl-sm gs pmågs qum mrgl pfstgs g smhgr gf sf`, fu drbtgs. G igong mrg rmhf`nbag m grlgzmogag. Fs afhms tgliâl hfosulbgl emotm m tmlpf. m`gifrgafs tbrgvgl f glgrefr afs hìtrbhfs. G smeubr, dmrvbgl-sm pfr [rmpgrfs nfrgs gs drutgs gtâ qum fitbvmssml f pfotf hmrtf. G prfauåèf am qumbcfs, nçibtf trgzbaf am Lbogs Emrgbs, tgliâl mxbebg gtmoåèf3 mrg prmhbsf mvbtgr qum ‐bohngssml“. [grg bssf, mrgl vbrgafs m rmvbrgafs. Cç f rmqumbcèf ogshbg ag hfg`ngag drbtg ml lgotmbeg, gpurgag m igtbag hfl dfråg sfirm f dfef gtâ vbrgr lgssg m`çstbhg g smr `gvgag hfl `mbtm giuoagotm. Dfeýms bomxtboeuìvmbs g`ulbgvgl gs dgzmoags of smrtèf efbgof.

 

 Og hfzbong ag rfåg rfåg bovmotgvgl-sm ofvgs rmhmbtgs. IMOFBXQ, [nb`bppm. @g [nb`bppm. @g hubsbom g `g rfåg.. 7>47. rfåg IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. [grg usgr f dfeèf mrgl omhmssçrbfs sgimrms mspmhìdbhfs. F hfotrf`m ag tmlpmrgturg, g `mong smlprm ë lèf, f tmlpf pgrg hgag rmhmbtg, g dg`tg am`g, f lgousmbf afs utmosì`bfs m ag lgtârbg-prblg, tuaf bssf rmqumrbg fs hfonmhblmotfs am ulg pmssfg mspmhbg`3 g hfzbonmbrg fu f hfzbonmbrf. G trgosbåèf af trgig`nf mshrgvf pgrg f trgig`nf `bvrm, sfirmtuaf ogs hbagams, trgzbg ofvfs prfi`mlgs3 g rftgtbvbagam amssms mlprmegafs, g dg`tg am rmeu`glmotgåèf ogs rm`gåýms motrm m`ms m smus pgtrýms, f gigoafof am

mlprmef, durtfs. Agì, ofs goóohbfs am cfrog`, g mxbeãohbg am rmdmrãohbgs. Qmr Qmr ifl hflpfrtglmotf“, ‐smr sârbf, nforgaf m hgpgz“, ‐smr lubtf ngib`btgag m agr dbgoåg“, sèf mxprmssýms qum ghflpgongl g bamotbdbhgåèf am quml qubsmssm sm mlprmegr.

 

]lg prblmbrg tmotgtbvg am rmeu`glmotgåèf af qum dfssm ul hrbgaf, abdmrmohbgoaf-f am ul mshrgvf, vmbf hfl f Høabef Hbvb` am 7>>4. Amdbobaf hflf3 ‐Z…\ tfag pmssfg am hfoabåèf `bvrm, qum lmabgotm sg`çrbf hfovmohbfogaf, tbvmr fu qubsmr tmr fhupgåèf am lfåf am nftm`, nfspmagrbg fu hgsg am pgstf, hfzbonmbrf, hfpmbrf, hfhnmbrf, nfrtm`èf: am glg am `mbtm, glgsmhg, moeflgambrg, hfzbonmbrg, hfsturmbrg, m ml emrg` qug`qumr smrvbåf aflâstbhf“. F hgoabagtf, motèf, amvmrbg sm boshrmvmr hflf hrbgaf og Xmhrmtgrbg am [f`ìhbg, qum hfotrf`gvg f trgig`nf aflâstbhf. Foam afrlbg mssg emotm6 Ofs pfrýms m lgbs tgram ml maìhu`gs of duoaf af qubotg` fu sfirm gs hfhnmbrgs. Ogs hgsgs foam oèf ngvbg qugrtfs pgrg hrbgafs, afrlbgl ogs hfzbongs. Fs bovmotçrbfs rmvm`gl g vbag `uxufsg am lubtfs pgtrýms, gefrg smrvbafs pfr ulg hfrtm am hrbgafs qum bgl suistbtuboaf fs gotbefs ‐mshrgvfs am amotrf“ pgrg tfaf f smrvbåf. Xurebgl hfzbonmbrfs, pgcmos, hfsturmbrfs, g`dgbgtms, glgs, luhglgs, sgpgtmbrfs, `gvgambrgs, ` gvgambrgs, rmoambrgs, sm`mbrfs.

 

 Mshrgvgs m `bimrtgs aflbogvgl aflbogvgl f  pmqumof hflârhbf hflârhbf am g`blmotfs. [ÇEBOGX 9;> M 9;2 

HGY@X,  [gtmfDrgohbshf ag [mong (Lmrhgaf [mongNmorbqum.  (LmrhgafTbstg am af Tmraurgs). Z7>5>\. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. [ÇEBOG 97; Tmoamafrg

am drutgs of Ybf am Cgombrf. Cgombrf. h. 7>42.

HFOTÃOBF @MBIOBS-BOXQBQ]Q D]MY @GMOAMYJ]OAM, @MB[SBE/BOXQBQ]QF LFYMBYG XG@@MX.

Ogmhfzbong afFsâhu`f futrfsótb` pmrsfogemos f dfeèf amtgliâl dmrrf, g `mong f hgrvèf. dfeèf^B^, am dmrrf, oèf sø pgrgdfrgl hfzbongr, lgs, pgrg gqumhmr glibmotms, mrg blpfrtgaf ag Boe`gtmrrg m afs Mstgafs ]obafs. Fs blbergotms btg`bgofs sm mohgrrmegrgl am abduoab-`f, pfbs ogs hgsgs pmqumogs ml qum lfrgvgl, m`m hgibg of mspgåf mxìeuf amoflbogaf husbeog.. Hflpghtf m mhfoñlbhf, m`m usgvg lmofs `mong qum fs am igrrf fu husbeog tbcf`fs. Ml Xèf [gu`f, gf dbog` af sâhu`f, dçirbhgs cç prfauzbgl hmrhg am 8;; g 8=; dfeýms pfr gof. Ogs hgsgs pfpu`grms m hfrtbåfs, g hfzbong mrg hf`mtbvg m prmhçrbg. [grg amsmspmrf ags gutfrbagams qum tmotgvgl hfligtmr afmoågs m mpbamlbgs, m`gs lubtgs vmzms sm `fhg`bzgvgl gf `gaf ags `gtrbogs. F Ym`gtørbf F Ym`gtørbf ag hflbssèf am mxglm m bospmåèf ags ngibtgåýms fpmrçrbgs m hfrtbåfs of abstrbtf am Xgotg  Mpnbeãobg,, Xèf [gu`f, ml 7>28, amouohbgvg3 ‐]lg sg`g hfl vçrbfs dfeýms  Mpnbeãobg blprfvbsgafs pgrg efzf am tfafs, ulgs `gtrbogs pmssblglmotm bostg`gags m hflprbafs hfrrmafrms hfl b`ulbogåèf bosudbhbmotm“. Qgbs hfrrmafrms agvgl pgrg qugrtfs pmrdb`gafs pgrg g`ueum`. F nbstfrbgafr Cfèf @ubz Lçxblf ag Xb`vg dmz ulg `bstg am dfeýms ml usf omssm pmrìfaf, sfirmtuaf, ogs hgsgs lgbs pfirms3 dfeèf am trmlpm fu trbpâ am dmrrf, supfrtm pgrg pgom`gs hfl dfef am hnèf: dfeèf dmbtf am igrrf, pmarg, tgbpg fu tbcf`f, hfl dfrog`ng m ifhgs of tglpf, lfvbaf ë `mong: `gtg am qumrfsmom,

lubtf usgag ofs hfrtbåfs: dfeèf am g`vmogrbg, rmvmstbaf am gzu`mcfs m hfl usf am `mong. ‐Dfeèf mhfoñlbhf“, am dmrrf duoabaf hfl usf am `mong, hgrvèf vmemtg` fu hfqum: dfeèf am dmrrf hfl usf am qumrfsmom: dfeèf am dmrrf g eçs.

 

Ogs hgsgs iureumsgs, pmqumofs dfegrmbrfs g eçs mrgl usgafs ofs hñlfafs `foem ag hfzbong pgrg f prmpgrf am rmdmbåýms `mvms pgrg afmotms fu hrbgoågs.

 

[ÇEBOG 971 

 Gafåèf af hgraçpbf, lgbs ulg blpfrtgåèf murfpmbg.  G`lfåf af abg 9 am Zfutuirf\ am 7>>1.. 7>>1 IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\.

abg hflmågvg hfl ulg rmdmbåèf. Ogs hbagams, f hgdâ hfl pèf m lgotmbeg mrg firbegtørbf. Ml hgsgs gigstgags, fs tbpfs am pèf mrgl vgrbgafs. [grg afmotms, hrbgoågs m vm`nfs, mrgl smrvbags pgpbongs am dgrbong am lgoabfhg m pbrèf am `mbtm. Gs igogogs pfabgl ghflpgongr g prblmbrg rmdmbåèf. Fvfs qumotms hgusgvgl galbrgåèf, hflf lfstrfu Cfsâ am G`mohgr ml Xfonfs a‒furf3 a‒furf3 ‐Afog Cfgqubog dmz ulg surprmsg g smus nøspmams. Ngvbg qugtrf fvfs qumotms“. Cç ngvbg ‐gqumhmafrms am fvfs“, afog Tmrbabgog [rgaf tbong ul ml sug sg`g am cgotgr, lftbvf am freu`nf, gdbog` mrg hfosbamrgaf hfbsg hgrg m hnbh hnbh.. Luoeuozç, lb`nf hfzbaf hfl `mbtm am hfhf, hushuz am lb`nf, dgrbong am lgoabfhg hfl gåóhgr m rgpgaurg pbhgag, cmrblul, imbcu m irfgs am lb`nf mrg g rmdmbåèf lgtutbog af smrtgomcf m af hgifh`f. @mbtm6 Wugsm omonul. Og smeuoag lmtgam af sâhu`f ^B^, f hgdâ ag lgonè pfabg smr smrvbaf oulg igoamcg, of qugrtf, hflf f amshrmvm f mshrbtfr G`uìsbf Gzmvmaf of smu Hgsg am pmosèf. pmosèf. Motrm fs rbhfs, f hfpbonf am `bhfr drgohãs, g Hngrtrmusm,, suistbtuìg f hfpbonf am hghngåg qum lubtfs tflgvgl of Hngrtrmusm pmrìfaf hf`fobg` hflf dfrtbdbhgotm m lgtg-ibhnf. Fs lubtf rbhfs, pfabgl mshf`nmr motrm tflgr hnç, hgdâ fu hnfhf`gtm. G botrfauåèf amstm ó`tblf, of Lgrgonèf, lu`tbp`bhfu f usf ags hnfhf`gtmbrgs prmsmotms ml lubtìssblfs bovmotçrbfs. F prmhbfsf `ìqubaf mrg boemrbaf qumotm m ghflpgongaf am if`f am tgpbfhg, sfirmtuaf gfs aflboefs gpøs g lbssg. G `fuåg mrg tfag blpfrtgag3 xìhgrgs, iu`ms, lgotmbeumbrgs m gåuhgrmbrfs vbongl, og lgbfr pgrtm ags vmzms, ag Boe`gtmrrg, foam cç mrgl prfauzbafs boaustrbg`lmotm. Hfotbougvg og lfag g amhfrgåèf ë hnbomsg, og pfrhm`gog am duoaf gzu`. Of su` af Blpârbf, imibg-sm lgtm. Frg g iflib`ng pgssgvg am ifhg ml

F

ifhg, amspmrtgoaf f ofcf am vbgcgotms mstrgoembrfs, frg mrg fdmrmhbag boabvbaug`lmotm, oulg am ul nfspbtg`bagam. ‐G hng`mbrg qumotm mstç smlprm gf amlfostrgåèf dfef m `fef qum mstrgonf motrm og hgsg,amsmçeug `nm fdmrmhm f lgtm“, rmebstrfu f drgohãs Xgbot-Nb`gbrm.

 

Hgraçpbf am hmrblñobg fdbhbg`, hfl f irgsèf af Blpârbf m sflmotm hfl imibags blpfrtgags.  Lmou auabomr. auabomr. 7>>8.

IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\.

F pèf vbong ag rug. Gssbl tgliâl futrfs prfautfs, hflf gs drutgs, fs ibshfbtfs m sfrvmtms. Fs pgambrfs pmrhfrrbgl fs igbrrfs hfl sugs hgrrfhbongs am trãs rfags sfirm g qug` rmpfusgvg f hmstf am vblm rmhnmgaf hfl g ó`tblg dfrogag. G hfirgoåg af pèf mrg lmosg`, goftgag oul hgamrof. Hfohfrrbgl pm`f lgbfr oólmrf am h`bmotms3 hfstulgvgl sm gprmsmotgr ës afogs am hgsg m fdmrmhmr pmssfg`lmotm smus prâstblfs, hflf amshrmvm G`uìsbf am Gzmvmaf ml Hgsg am pmosèf. pmosèf. Qgliâl ag rug, vbong g hgrom ml

pghftms, abrmtf af gåfueum, qum amshfonmhbg g em`gambrg. F g`lfåf tbong `uegr og pgrtm ag lgonè, motrm ofvm m amz nfrgs. Wugoaf ngvbg lubtg emotm gf rmafr ag lmsg, ampmoamoaf af oólmrf am hgambrgs mxbstmotms, uos hflbgl am pâ, futrfs smotgafs, hflf vbu f smonfr

 

am moemonf Nmory Jfstmr, of Oframstm. Ml hgsgs iureumsgs, luhglgs dbhgvgl pfr pmrtf ë mspmrg am framos. Ml 7>82, Jbaamr cç tbong vbstf smonfrgs prmsbaboaf g lmsg, hfbsg rgrg gotms amssg âpfhg, qugoaf m`gs hflbgl of duoaf ag hgsg, ouohg sm ghnmegoaf gfs hfovbagafs. Hfl f gulmotf am ficmtfs am `uxf, gs lmsgs cç pfabgl smr grrgocgags hfl hgoam`girfs m vgsfs am d`frms. [grg cgotgrms am hmrblñobg pf`bgl-sm hgstbågbs m grgoam`gs, `gvgvgl-sm gs vgstgs lgoegs am vbarf, moeflgvgl-sm gs tfg`ngs am D`goarms, rmtbrgvg-sm g prgtgrbg afs grlçrbfs. Wugoaf ngvbg igoqumtms, igtbslfs m hgsglmotfs, tuaf luagvg. G lósbhg mohnbg fs sg`ýms iureumsms. G lgbfr gutfrbagam ag dglì`bg dgzbg irboams ml vfz g`tg. Dboag g rmdmbåèf, fs nflmos sm `mvgotgvgl ag lmsg pgrg dulgr hngrutfs, m gs lu`nmrms sm smotgvgl gf pbgof fu hgotgvgl pmqumogs çrbgs. Ogs hgsgs am hflmrhbgotms foam trgig`ngvgl eugrag-`bvrfs, gprmoabzms fu hgbxmbrfs, hnglgafs lgrågofs, puongl-sm augs lmsgs ë nfrg af g`lfåf3 ulg, pgrg f afof ag hgsg m sug dglì`bg: futrg, pgrg fs mlprmegafs. F rbtlf af trgig`nf lgrhgvg fs abgs m f nfrçrbf ags rmdmbåýms. ‐Ës smbs nfrgs ag lgonè cç mstgvg am pâ gf ig`hèf ag iftbhg Z…\ ës ofvm nfrgs suibg pgrg g`lfågr m lg` tmrlbogaf f g`lfåf, vf`tgvg gf trgig`nf“, ogrrg Gzmvmaf ml Hgsg am pmosèf. pmosèf. F óobhf igru`nf mrg f ag lgstbegåèf afs g`blmotfs. Hflbg-sm rgpbaglmotm. Mrg hfosbamrgaf am lgu efstf botmrrflpmr qug`qumr rmdmbåèf pgrg rmhmimr vbsbtgs. Og smeuoag lmtgam af sâhu`f, g hmbg sm tfrofu ul nçibtf m`megotm. m`megotm.  Lgbs ulg vmz â G`uìsbf Gzmvmaf quml hfotg sfirm sug pmrsfogeml ml G ml  G hfoamssg Tâspmr3 Tâspmr3 ‐Dgåglfs prblmbrf ulg hmbgzbtg ë `g ifnîlm   Z…\ m`g lmslg smrvbu fstrgs drmshgs, pèf, gspgrefs, lfrgoefs m ifnîlm hnglpgong. Ml smeubag dmz Egspgr gssmotgr-sm ë lmsg m, pfoaf-sm am ofvf gf `gaf am`m, pmabu-`nm qum girbssm g egrrgdg“. Lubtgs vmzms, ml `uegr am ulg hmbg, smrvbg-sm f hnç fu `gohnm ag ofbtm, motrm vbotm m vbotm m augs nfrgs. Hfosbamrgaf nçibtf am ‐emotm am trgtglmotf“, fu smcg, am qug`bagam, g bodusèf pmrdulgag mrg ghflpgongag am if`fs, pèf am `ø fu tfrrgags. Yfìgl-sm ibshfbtfs. Ngvbg quml gprfvmbtgssm fs rmstfs af cgotgr3 gs sfirgs, amsdbgags m hfl fvfs, mrgl trgosdfrlgags ml ‐rfupg vm`ng“. [fr vmzms, gotms am afrlbr, imibg-sm gboag

ulg bodusèf3 hgpbl-sgotf, `grgocg, hbarmbrg, mrvg-afhm. Ml hfotrgstm hfl g `fuåg dbog m fs blpfrtgafs, lfafs ‐erfssmbrfs m rmpueogotms“ gaftgafs ‐pfrg`blmotfs glifs fs smxfs mlfstfags gs h`gssms sfhbgbs“. [fr mxmlp`f, hflmr hfl gs lèfs, ‐ml vmz am usgr egrdfs m

 

dghgs, pfstf qum oèf nfuvmssm dg`tg amssms utmosì`bfs“, qumbxgvg-sm Qnflgs @boa`my, vbgcgotm boe`ãs. Moef`br f hfotmóaf afs hfpfs m, pfr vmzms, ag egrrgdg, am ul ef`m sø. Lmreu`ngr g hgrom m fs `meulms og dgrbong, dgzmoaf ul if`f qum mrg, ampfbs, rgpbaglmotm ame`utbaf. Fu ‐hgosgr-sm `fef“ af egrdf m ag dghg. Abvbabr g lmslg dghg pgrg hfrtgr g`blmotfs am abdmrmotms hflmosgbs. Hf`fhgr of prgtf af vbzbonf pmagåfs am hgrom am futrf prgtf, fu lmslf vmr f smu pmagåf am hgrom pgrtbr, hflf ghfotmhmu hfl Nmory Jfstmr3 ‐]l pmagåf sgifrfsf oèf mstç smeurf oul afs ofssfs prgtfs, pfamoaf smr grrmigtgaf m lmslf suistbtuìaf pfr futrf ml trfhg“. M @boa`my hfoh`uìg3 ‐Â vmragam qum, g mxmlp`f af Frbmotm, trgzml-`nms çeug gotms m ampfbs ags rmdmbåýms: lgs bssf oèf amshu`pg, am lfaf g`eul, mssm hfstulm içrigrf m pfuhf gssmgaf“. Xfofrfs grrftfs, `goågafs ‐hfl drgoqumzg“ gf rfstf afs hfovbvgs, hfoh`uìgl gs rmdmbåýms. Gf `mvgotgr ag lmsg, mrg am prgxm ulg frgåèf am ergågs fu f sbog` ag hruz. @foem afs sfirgafs rbhfs, hflbg-sm hflf agotms3 hfl fs amafs, f afof ag hgsg ml lmsg igbxg, g lu`nmr hfl f prgtf motrm fs cfm`nfs, smotgag ë gsbçtbhg, fu smcg, am pmrogs hruzgags of hnèf. M gs hrbgoågs, ambtgags fu am høhfrgs sm ‐`gliuzgvgl ë vfotgam hfl g pgstg am hflbag ogs lèfs“. Og dg`tg am lfib`bçrbf, g dglì`bg sm rmuobg smotgag oulg mstmbrg. Of hmotrf, tbem`gs, hgigågs m trgvmssgs am hflbag. ‐H`gssms pfirms“ amshfonmhbgl egrdfs m dghgs, hflmotfu Jfstmr. F ar. Gotñobf Cfsâ am Xfuzg qum, ml 7>=7, mstuafu f rmeblm g`blmotgr ags h`gssms pfirms m afs mshrgvfs of Ybf am Cgombrf, bodfrlgvg3 ‐G hgrom-smhg, f dmbcèf, g dgrbong am lgoabfhg, f grrfz, f pèf, f goeu, g`euos pmbxms m g`euos hrustçhmfs, mbs g g`blmotgåèf qugsm mxh`usbvg“ amssg pfpu`gåèf. Of mxtrmlf fpfstf, ml vbsbtg g Xg`vgafr, og Ignbg, f blpmrgafr smrvbusm ml igbxm`g am prgtg m tg`nmrms am furf mlprmstgafs pfr dglì`bgs b`ustrms ag hbagam. Cç of botmrbfr ag prfvìohbg, pgssfu gpmrtf3 ‐Mspmrf ul hg`af am eg`bong hfl ibshfbtfs, pfbs oèf nç grrfz oml pèf“. Xml prfi`mlgs, pfbs, a. [marf oèf mstgvg ghfstulgaf ë lmsg dgrtg. Fs cgotgrms of pg`çhbf mrgl rmhfonmhbaglmotm druegbs, ë igsm am hgocg abçrbg. Abdmrmotm am smu gvñ, a. Cfèf TB, qum trfuxm am @bsifg Tbhmotm [gu`bof, ‐lmstrm am hfzbongs“, ampfbs suistbtuìaf pfr [gtrìhbf G`vgrmoeg, ‐qum gssgvg drgoeubonfs of

pfotf qum Xug Lgcmstgam efstgvg , a. [marf BB oèf tbong mxbeãohbgs. Blpfrtgvgl-sm prfautfs mxprmssýms3 ifoom hnîrm, hnîrm , g, hgrom am ifg qug`bagam vbrfum‐ggaftgvgl-sm ifg-xbrg“, hflf sm `ã ml`g Wubohgs Ifrig Ifrig, am Lghngaf am Gssbs. G`bçs, hfl m`g pgssfu-sm g hfosulbr f ibdm hru m f

 

sgoauìhnm, ‐ulg hfrrupåèf afs tmlpfs“, hrbtbhgvg f lmslf mshrbtfr. Xmeuoaf Lghngaf, ul igoqumtm tg` hflf f qum amshrmvmu ml  Oftgs smlgogbs,, tmrbg qum tmr ‐`ìoeugs am rfuxbof`“, ‐hfxbongs am rf`g“, ‐pmbtf am smlgogbs pmrabz ë lb`gomsg“, ‐dgbsèf gssgaf“, ‐pgstm`bonfs“, ‐hflpftg am lgrlm`fs“. Fu, og mvfhgåèf am Irçs Huigs, ‐lmsgs gtu`ngags am afhms m drutgs, gqub f gogoçs ml dgtbgs, f lm`èf ml tg`ngags, gs hflpftmbrgs am hrbstg` ambxgoaf vmr f afhm am hfhf, dboglmotm rg`gaf, glgrm`f hflf ulg emlg ‘ fu motèf f lm`gaf mshurf m erfssf, oèf `foem af qumbcf m af hgrç“. Ngvbg lmslf quml rmhflmoagssm hgraçpbfs abdmrmotms pgrg nflmos m lu`nmrms, hflf f dmz Cfsâ Beoçhbf Yfqumttm ml smu `bvrf Høabef af ifltfl   am 7>1=3 pgrg m`ms ‐beugrbgs dfrtms m suhu`motgs“ g igsm am vmgåèf, tfl `flif am vghg m gssgafs. ‐Ogag am lgssgs `mvms m gboag lmofs, prgtfs lmbf afhms“. [grg m`gs, ghmpbpms drbfs m ‐am`bhgafs, vmraurgs ofvgs, hrmlms, ogtgs m lubtfs afhbonfs qum fs drgohmsms hnglgl iflifos“. Ergågs ë pmog rmg`bstg am G`uìsbf Gzmvmaf, ml F hfrtbåf, hfrtbåf, dbhglfs sgimoaf qum, gf ogshmr af abg, hnmegvgl ës hfzbongs fs tgiu`mbrfs am hgrom drmshg, am trbpgs m pfstgs am ifb, gs hmstgs am pmbxm m gs modbgags am sgrabongs. F vgbvâl afs lmrhgafrms m smus prmeýms goblgvgl fs dfeýms. Fs fpmrçrbfs amshbgl pgrg f g`lfåf ës ofvm nfrgs. Og hfzbong, g omerg Imrtf`mzg bg am pgom`g ml pgom`g, mohnmoaf fs prgtfs. Af `gaf am dfrg, f hgbxmbrf Cfèf Yflèf rmhbtgvg g `bstg am hflbags3 ‐]l hnmbrf dfrtm am gzmbtm drbtf prmaflbogvg. F pgrgtb hbrhu`gvg pfr tfags gs lmsgs, m hgag hgomhg am hgdâ, am `fuåg mspmssg, mreubg ul vu`hèf am dulf trmsgoagoaf g lf`nf qumblgaf. M smlprm g sgbr, m smlprm g motrgr emotm, m fs qum sgìgl, ampfbs agqum`g hflmzgbog erfssg, bgl rgabgotms am hfotmotglmotf, hfl g igrrbeg iml hnmbg g grrftgr.“ [uongl f mstñlgef ml abg ‘ hflf sm abzbg motèf. Qg` hflf og hfrtm, of botmrbfr fu ogs hgpbtgbs lmofrms, g hflbag hnmegvg ‐ml aflbhì`bf“. Lubtgs vmzms vbongl og egrupg am hgvg`fs fu lu`gs, trgospfrtgags ml egrgcgus m futrfs hmstfs, pmrus pgrg abgs am dmstg m eg`bongs pgrg g hgocg af afmotm fu am rmseugraf am pgrtf: gs drutgs drmshgs ‘  g `grgocg, f gighgxb, g lgoeg, g cghg: gs em`mbgs m fs if`fs am tgiu`mbrf, vmoabafs pm`g afhmbrg `blpg m hfonmhbag. Ml tmlpf am hm`mirgåýms rubafsgs, dmstmcgvg-sm hfl dbglirm,

lfrtgam`g, fstrgs, hglgrýms rmhnmgafs, pblmotýms, rfsibdms hfl dgrfdg. Ymstgurgotms mstrgoembrfs pu`u`gvgl. Fs @foarms, botm`mhtugbs pfr mxmlp`f,hfl mrglhnmdms ngibtuâs  ngibtuâs   af Lgoebob, af Hgdâ aghgrbfhgs, Lgbsfo Lfamrom. Ml sugs lmsgs sm vbg Grtur Gzmvmaf, Hfm`nf Omtf, Ygbluoaf

 

Hfrrmbg, [gu`g Omy, Cfsâ af [gtrfhìobf, Auqum-Mstrgag. Wuml pfabg, lgoagvg smus hfzbonmbrfs gprmoamrml hgraçpbfs murfpmus ml nftâbs mstrgoembrfs, hflf dmz afog Goeâ`bhg am Igrrfs, db`ng af igrèf am Xfuzg Wumbrfz, lgtrfog rbhg pgu`bstgog. F smu tmvm gprmoabzgaf hfl Eub`nmrlm @âimbs, afof af Nftm` am Drgoåg. Lgs ml sug lmsg oèf dg`tgvg g pgåfhg hfl igogog, irgsb`mbrìssblg! G gistboãohbg am hgrom og Xmxtg-Dmbrg Xgotg hfotbougvg firbegtørbg. F hñosu` Iurtfo, of vb`grmcf am Ifl Xuhmssf, prøxblf g Abglgotbog, ml Lbogs Emrgbs, vbu smonfrms m mshrgvfs hflpgrtb`ngoaf pmbxms m fvfs. Gf dbog` ag rmdmbåèf, tfafs sm pusmrgl am pâ, am lèfs pfstgs rmzgrgl m pmrsbeogrgl-sm. Ml Ymhbdm, gs hmbgs am Xmlgog Xgotg tbongl mofrlm blpfrtéohbg. Ë imbrg afs ergoams vbvmbrfs am Gdfegafs m Cbqubç sm rmtbrgvgl igrrbhgs am hglfrbos, hgrgpmigs, hurblès: pmrtf afs lgoeums, sm hflprgvgl eugbglus m hgrgoeumcfs. M ml F`boag, gs dglì`bgs sm gigstmhbgl af pmshgaf am g`tf-lgr, trgzbaf pm`fs cgoegambrfs, hflf hfotg Dâ`bx Hgvg`hgotb, ml sugs Lmlørbgs sugs Lmlørbgs.. Hélgrg Hgshuaf `mlirg qum ul hfocuotf am rmergs tmotgvg afutrbogr fs irgsb`mbrfs hfl ofrlgs ag mtbqumtg vboags af futrf `gaf af Gt`éotbhf. G ofåèf am ‐ifg mauhgåèf“ hflmågvg g sm sfirmpfr gf ‐mstgr ë vfotgam“. Xmotgr-sm ë lmsg oèf mrg sboñoblf am hflmr. [grg hflmr, mrg prmhbsf ‐tmr lfafs“. M quml rmhflmoagvg mrg f lgoug` am ifgs lgombrgs am C.B. Yfqumttm3 ogag am hf`fhgr f eugragogpf og hgsg af iftèf af hf`mtm, lgs, of hf`f. Oèf pgrtbr f pèf hfl g dghg, lgs, hfl g lèf. Oèf ambtgr f hgdâ of pbrms, pgrg tflç-`f gfs ef`bonfs! Oml moxuegr f lf`nf af prgtf hfl f pèf. [rfbibaf `glimr fs amafs. Ogag am sfprgr g sfpg pgrg msdrbgr fu moef`br g hflbag hfl prmhbpbtgåèf. F g`lfåf motrm glbefs mxh`uìg gs smonfrgs, pfbs sug prmsmoåg blpmabrbg gomaftgs fu hfodbaãohbgs pbtfrmshgs. Bgl pgrg g lmsg tfags gs hflbags, boh`usbvm gs hflpftmbrgs am afhms, fs `bhfrms, gs egrrgdgs am vbonf m gs lfrboegs a‒çeug. [fr pmrtf, g hgbxg am hngrutfs am Huig m fs døsdfrfs sumhfs ag lgrhg Côojôpboe. G rmdmbåèf tbong boìhbf hfl prgtfs qumotms m sml framl. Fs gssgafs mrgl smrvbafs gotms afs pmbxms. Gs motrgags drbgs, am efstf g`mlèf, sø dfrgl botrfauzbags ampfbs ag Eumrrg af [grgeugb, ml 7>5;. G pg`gvrg

am`bjgtmssmo,, gotms ofs hgraçpbfs am rmstgurgotms, rmdmrmotm gfs mliutbafs, am`bjgtmssmo pgssfu drmqumotgr gs hgsgs pgrtbhu`grms. F g`lfåf ìotblf abspmosgvg hrbgafs gpgrg f smrvbåf hfotìouf qum hflpgrmhbgl, hfotuaf, qugoaf

 

hnglgafs pfr hglpgbong fu erbtf. F vbonf af [frtf m f hgdâ mohmrrgvgl g rmdmbåèf. Ës lmsgs, hnmegvgl hfpfs abdmrmohbgafs. ]l pgrg vbonf tbotf m of hgsf am smr smrvbaf pmbxm, futrf, lmofr. G çeug mrg sf`bhbtgag m vbong ml hfpf ë pgrtm. Gf `gaf afs hfpfs sm mohfotrgvg g xìhgrg am hgdâ, pfbs g hgdmtmbrg vbong ë lmsg gf `gaf af pmsgaf gåuhgrmbrf. [g`btmbrfs am prgtg sm mspg`ngvgl sfirm g tfg`ng, prfvfhgoaf g brfobg am mstrgoembrfs. [grg fs qum gs amshfonmhmssml,  Ymergs am smrvbr ë lmsg  lmsg  mrg firg vmoabag ogs ifgs `bvrgrbgs cuotf hfl f Høabef af ifl-tfl  ifl-tfl  qum `mlirgvg sfirm f usf af pg`btf3 ‐Ouohg f ambxgrmbs dbhgr og ifhg, oml f pfrmbs of hgim`f, gtrçs ag frm`ng, og hgsghg mth. m lubtfs lmofs dg`mbs, tmoaf-f og ifhg“. Fs pgtãs, gs hfosmrvgs, gs imibags russgs, gs hflibogåýms lbrgif`gotms pgrg fs puohnms fs  puohnms dmstbvfs,  dmstbvfs, g lfotgong smautfrg ags am`bjgtmssmos am`bjgtmssmos g`mlès,  g`mlès, gs lgssgs btg`bgogs hfl smus lf`nfs mspmssfs, gs lgyfoogbsms lgyfoogbsms,,  pftgems  pftgems   m sutb`mzgs ag hu`boçrbg drgohmsg, amrrglgrgl-sm sfirm f Irgsb`, hflf mxp`bhfu Hélgrg Hgshuaf. Hfl g `birg mstmr`bog hftgag g smbs lb`-râbs, mrg pfssìvm` lfib`bzgr tfags gs eu`fabhms ag Murfpg, ogs hfodmbtgrbgs m rmstgurgotms ag hgpbtg` af Blpârbf. Fs sg`glms am @glmef m If`fong, gs fstrgs ag Lgohng, gs sgrabongs am Ogotms, fs vbonfs rgrfs, fs hfeoghs dboìssblfs, fs hnglpgeoms hnglpgeoms   afurgafs, tuaf f qugotf G`mlgong, Btç`bg m Drgoåg pfssuìgl ml sgifr m g`merbg af pg`gagr, vmoabg-sm of Ybf am Cgombrf. F usf am afhms m hrmlms em`gafs, fs sfrvmtms am drutgs, fs sgoawbhnms gtrgìgl sgoawbhnms  gtrgìgl aglgs m eg`gotms m mrgl vmoabafs of [gssmbf [ói`bhf, ë vbstg af lgr. Xbl, fs prfautfs mstgvgl `ç. Lgs sgibg-sm hfosulb-`fs gprfprbgaglmotm6 F hflmotçrbf sgrhçstbhf af hfoam am Efibomgu, ml vbsbtg g Cubz am Dfrg og hflpgonbg af hgsg` am blpmrgotms ml 7>42, oèf ambxg aóvbags3 ‐Tbonfs af Ymof, vbonfs am Hnglpgeom, vbonf am Iframgux, tgotf qugotf qubsâssmlfs, lgs og amsframl qum vfhã pfam blgebogr! Hflb ul pmagåf am prmsuotf hfl if`f am Xgvfbg, ul hfodmbtf am glmbxg, dgrbong am lgoabfhg, qumbcf af pgìs, pmru, trãs argeâms argeâms   am glãoafgs m ergågs ë Blpmrgtrbz qum lf-`g movbfu m rbg am tuaf, ul pmagåf am flm`mtm. [èf, vb am `foem: lgs, oèf hflb.“

Ofvbagams egstrfoñlbhgs

 

Amsam g Gimrturg afs [frtfs, g prmsmoåg am mstrgoembrfs trfuxm boólmrgs ofvbagams egstrfoñlbhgs. Jfstmr, ml 7>7;, â afs prblmbrfs g amstghgr lfafs am prmpgrf mspmhìdbhfs3 ‐prgtfs prmpgrgafs gf mstb`f pfrtueuãs, irgsb`mbrf m boe`ãs“. M of Ybf Ergoam af Xu`, Xgbot-Nb`gbrm fismrvfu f msdfråf am smpgrgr gs bod`uãohbgs hu`boçrbgs, oul cgotgr og hgsg af efvmrogafr. Tglfs fuvb-`f3 G hfzbong mrg ul lbstf am hflbag drgohmsg m pfrtueumsg. Gpøs g sfpg, vmbf ulg trgvmssg am hgrom lgerg hfzbag, dgtbgs am hgrom am pfrhf efrag m sg`egag m `boeubågs. Hfl mssm prgtf, grrfz dmbtf ml gzmbtm m vmraurgs drmshgs. Xmrvbu-sm rfgst-immd  lubtf   lubtf pfuhf gssgaf ml gtmoåèf gfs boe`msms. Xg`gags m pmbxms am vçrbgs qug`bagams dfrgl smrvbafs am lgombrg sboeu`gr. Gs gvms m gs amlgbs hfbsgs ë lfag drgohmsg. G sfirmlmsg dfb smrvbag ml futrg lmsg. G`âl am ofssgs sfirmlmsgs murfpmbgs am drutgs, if`fs m vbonfs, ngvbg tfafs fs puabos, pgstm`ýms m tfrtgs. Mstgvg grrmgag am d`frms m ngvbg ulg prfdusèf am hfodmbtfs am gåóhgr am tfags gs qug`bagams. Am dgtf, fs hflmrhbgotms irbtéobhfs hflmågrgl pfr botrfauzbr oèf sø ofvfs nçibtfs am hfosulf, lfamrogs dfrlgs am vbvmr m ofvf vfhgiu`çrbf pgrg amsbeogr gs ofvbagams. Of hglpf ags imibags, surebrgl f tmg tmg,, g çeug lbomrg` am Xm`tmr, f wnbsjy wnbsjy,, f ebo ebo,, f [frtmr, ul tbpf am vbonf af [frtf, f rul,, g. Am rul sfag wgtmr,oèf wgtmr , g prmshboabgl immr,, f igr immr igr,, af f arboj  . [grg usgvgl f aboomr  cghjmt  hflmr, prmsuotf am cgotgr, Rfrjsnbrm, af sg`lèf am mshgimhnm, ags igtgtgs am Cmrsmy, ag ‐lgotmbeg boe`mzg“ lgbs hgrg qum g drgohmsg m gtâ afs qumbcfs vboafs ag b`ng. G trgabhbfog` egstrfoflbg drgohmsg oèf dmz pfr lmofs. Drutgs hrbstg`bzgags, blpfrtgags af dgirbhgotm Egb``gra ag hbagam am H`mrlfotDmrrgoa, mrgl gprmsmotgags ml sug oflmoh`gturg frbebog`3 ‐girbhfts, ‐girbhfts,  pruoms, rmboms  rmboms  H`guam mt lbrgim``ms, hmrbsms, drubts gssfrtbs, pgstb``ms a‒girbhft, pgstb``ms am drubts mt d`murs sur pétm“: pétm “: hucfs prmåfs bgl am lb`-râbs

gtâ 8$=;; râbs gs hgbxgs lgbfrms. G h`bmotm`g lgbs gigstgag oèf pgssgvg sml ‐f dglfsfgs ofuegt am Lfotâ`blgr g 9$ i`goh, m 1$ ,  pbstghnm g hgbxbong am Lgrsmb``m hfotmoaf qugtrf vgrbmagams am ofuegt i`goh  pbstghnm, ,  prg`boâ mt ë `g rfsm““ rmhmibafs pm`f ‐ó`tblf pgqumtm drgohãs Mstrmlgaur rfsm drgohãs Mstrmlgaurmm“.

 

 @bvrf am `birgs `birgs rmebstrg gs ofvgs imibags3 hmrvmcg, çeug lbomrg`,

 

hnglpgonm mth. EGLG, D`gusbof Cfsâ ag.  Bhfofergpnbg afs sbeogms afs surafsluafs.. 7>5=. luafs

L]XM] BL[MYBG@/BIYGL/L BL[MYBG@/BIYGL/LBOH, BOH, IBI@BFQMHG.

Ofs ifos nftâbs fu rmstgurgotms ag hfrtm, f hgraçpbf mrg gprmsmotgaf ml drgohãs. Of igbrrf obtmrfbmosm am Xèf Aflboefs, prmdmrbaf pm`gs h`gssms lgbs rbhgs af Ybf am Cgombrf pm`f smu h`blg glmof m smus igonfs am lgr, g h`bmotm`g pfamrbg sgifrmgr, oul aflboef am vmrèf, am 7>=73 ‐nuïtrms ‐ nuïtrms drgbhnms, pftgems gux nuïtms drbtms, irgoagam am lfrum“ lfrum“ fu f pmsgaìssblf ‐ergs-afui`m ë `g lfam am Hgmo“3 Hgmo “3 ml ifl pfrtueuãs, iuhngag am ifb! G hf`ñobg pfrtueumsg, lubtf oulmrfsg, prmsmrvgvg smus efstfs g`blmotìhbfs m hfotrf`gvg g lgbfrbg ags ‐hgsgs am pgstf“, rmstgurgotms lmofs hnbqums. G`b sm hfosulbgl fs prgtfs trgabhbfogbs3 ‐sgrrgiu`nf, rbcýms, `mbtýms gssgafs, grrfz hfl pgtf of dfrof m lubtf lgbs pmtbshfs ifos“ gouohbgvg f Nftm` Xèf Aflboefs, og rug af Xgièf. Cç f Egliç af Xghf af G`dmrms, mstgim`mhbaf og rmebèf pfrtuçrbg, fdmrmhbg ‐tfafs fs abgs m g tfag nfrg lubtg vgrbmagam am hflbag, tgotf am pmbxm hflf am hgrom, dmbtg hfl f lgbfr gssmbf m prfotbaèf“. Xm fs boe`msms m drgohmsms hnmegrgl g pgrtbr am 7>;>, fs btg`bgofs hflmågrgl g amsmligrhgr g pgrtbr am 7>4;. Amsam g prfbibåèf af trçdbhf omermbrf ml 7>=;, g omhmssbagam am lèf am firg ml çrmgs gerìhf`gs `mvfu dgzmoambrfs, oftgaglmotm ag prfvìohbg am Xèf [gu`f, g amdmoamr f usf ag lèf am firg `bvrm. G`b, gs p`gotgåýms am hgdâ prfspmrgvgl m omhmssbtgvgl hgag vmz lgbs am trgig`ngafrms ml qugotbagam lubtf supmrbfr ë mxbstmotm. [fuhf gotms, f rmbof am Btç`bg ngvbg pgssgaf pm`gs eumrrgs ag uobdbhgåèf. Fs Mstgafs ]obafs, pfr sug vmz, motèf lgbfr rmhmptfr am blbergotms, pgssgrgl g hrbgr igrrmbrgs pgrg g motrgag am mstrgoembrfs. Hfl f dbl ags eumrrgs, g mhfoflbg btg`bgog sm mohfotrgvg amib`btgag, hfl g`tgs tgxgs am hrmshblmotf amlferçdbhf m am amsmlprmef mlpurrgoaf blbergotms og abrmåèf af Blpârbf af Irgsb`. F Xu` af Irgsb`, omssm pmrìfaf, gtrgìg fs

btg`bgofs, pfbs hfotgvg hfl abspfobib`bagam am tmrrgs, smauzboaf fs qum gspbrgvgl sm tfrogr prfprbmtçrbfs rurgbs. Gamlgbs, gs oftìhbgs am qum f h`blg of Irgsb` lmrbabfog` mrg sudbhbmotmlmotm smlm`ngotm gf btg`bgof, pgrg gssmeurgr f hu`tbvf am prfautfs gfs qugbs mstgvgl ghfstulgafs, hfotrbiubu

 

pgrg g hfrrmotm lbergtørbg btg`bgog tmr sm hfohmotrgaf qugsm qum mxh`usbvglmotm ofs mstgafs su`bofs, omssm prblmbrf pmrìfaf am blbergåèf. Mlifrg tmong sbaf g rmebèf Xu` g pbfombrg og blbergåèf btg`bgog, dfb g rmebèf Xuamstm gqum`g qum rmhmimu g lgbfrbg afs blbergotms. G prfvìohbg am Xèf [gu`f sm tfrofu, motèf, f amstbof am 11% ag blbergåèf motrm fs gofs am 7>9; m 7>>>, am 45% motrm 7>>2 m 7272, hfl ãodgsm motrm 72;; m 72;2, qugoaf gtrgbu 52%. F pmsf amlferçdbhf btg`bgof of mstgaf dfb mofrlm3 ml 7281, btg`bgofs m smus db`nfs rmprmsmotgrbgl =;% ag pfpu`gåèf am Xèf [gu`f. Hflf mxp`bhg g nbstfrbgafrg D`çvbg Gr`gohn am F`bvmbrg, f blpghtf ag hnmegag ml lgssg afs blbergotms amsmohgamfu ul prfhmssf am botmrgåèf motrm g hfzbong am glifs fs pgìsms. Lgbs blpfrtgotm3 fs btg`bgofs oèf trgzbgl hfosbef omonulg ‐trgabhbfog` egstrfoflbg“. Qrfuxmrgl, sbl, g mxpmrbãohbg ag pfirmzg g`blmotgr. G lgssg ag pfpu`gåèf dmbtg am hglpfomsms, sø vbg hgrom ulg vmz gf lãs m pgrg fs lmrbabfogbs, ulg vmz gf gof. [fr smu lmofr hustf m mdmbtf am sghbmagam, fs hglpfomsms af Ofrtm sm g`blmotgvgl am lb`nf m fs af Xu`, am pèf omerf am hmvgag, hfzbaf augs fu trãs vmzms pfr gof. Dfb g blbergåèf qum prfvfhfu mdmbtfs rmvf`uhbfoçrbfs og sug g`blmotgåèf. Og çrmg hmotrg` ag prfvìohbg am Xèf [gu`f, foam hrmshbgl dgzmoags am hgdâ qum gisfrvmrgl fs btg`bgofs, fs amrbvgafs am lb`nf dfrgl iml ghmbtfs. Gs dglì`bgs prfvmobmotms ag Btç`bg smtmotrbfog` m hmotrg` cç f utb`bzgvgl og pf`motg. M gs ag Btç`bg lmrbabfog`, pgrg lbsturgr duiç ë dgrbong og prfauåèf am irfgs. ‐Btg`bgof pf`motmbrf“ mrg xboeglmotf pgrg mstbelgtbzgr f rmhâlhnmegaf. Hfl g pfssbib`bagam am hu`tbvgr motrm fs pâs am Hfddmg grgibhg, grgibhg, m`ms tbvmrgl ghmssf gf dmbcèf, gf grrfz, ë igtgtg m g lubtgs vmraurgs drmshgs, g`âl am hrbgr pfrhfs m eg`bongs. Xurebgl g `boeubåg, f sg`glm m futrfs mliutbafs. Tbonf, sflmotm pgrg fs blbergotms rbhfs fu fs trgig`ngafrms ags çrmgs urigogs. Fs hf`fofs pfirms gpmogs hu`tbvgvgl gs vbambrgs. Ml 7>29, of bovmotçrbf am ul lfrgafr am Cgó, gpgrmhml sugs aìvbags of Grlgzâl @mèf3 egrrgdgs am vbonf btg`bgof, g`nf, lgåfs am døsdfrfs, qumbcf btg`bgof, `gtgs ergoams am sgrabong, gåóhgr rmafoaf, ‐abvmrsfs lgtg-ibhnfs“, grrfz, dgrbong am trbef, dulf amsdbgaf, hmif`gs. Lgs tgbs amspmsgs

oèf mrgl pgrg tfafs. ]l blbergotm trgig`ngoaf oulg dgzmoag am hgdâ, ml Im`âl ml pfr 7>>8, mshrmvbg gfs am pgrmotms ag lmslbhmafagAmshg`vgaf, abmtg3 ‐Mstgvg hfotg am hflmr lgonè qumbxgoaf-sm dmbcèf, lmbf abg dmbcèf, m ë tgram dmbcèf“. Dfrg abssf, ‐tuaf mrg hgrf“.

 

Am dgtf, f dmbcèf irgsb`mbrf sm lbsturgvg gfs nçibtfs afs blbergotms. Futrf blbergotm, ml Xèf Hgr`fs af [bong`, ml hgrtg gf sferf ml Tãomtf, rmebstrgvg3 ‐Gefrg tm dgåf sgimr qum, omstm gof, dbzmlfs ulg ifg hf`nmbtg am hmrmgbs m dmbcèf Z…\ m oèf omhmssbtglfs lgbs vmoaã-`f Z…\ tmlfs f qum hflmr, ul goblg` am `mbtm, eg`bongs m gvms, gefrg mstç tuaf iml“. Ofs qubotgbs, smeuoaf futrfs ampfblmotfs, sm hu`tbvgvgl vmraurgs3 g`lmbrèf, hfuvm, pblmotg, hmif`bong-vmram. Ogs prgtm`mbrgs, hfosmrvgs am hmif`g qum mrgl boemrbags hfl pèf, sfpg m grrfz m dmbcèf. Hgrom6 G am pfrhf qugoaf sm lgtgvg ul ml hgsg. G g`hghnfdrg m g róhu`g mrgl vmoabags pfr sug rgrbagam. M g prf`bdmrgåèf am nftâbs m pmosýms lgotbafs pfr btg`bgofs abduoabu gs ‐hflbags btg`bgogs m irgsb`mbrgs“, gssbl gouohbgags ofs hgraçpbfs3 ‐rgvbø`b, lghgrrèf ë ogpf`btgog, tg`ngrbl“. G blbergåèf g`mlè pgrg f Irgsb` dfb pmqumog ml hflpgrgåèf hfl g qum dfb pgrg fs Mstgafs ]obafs m tgliâl ml hflpgrgåèf hfl g blbergåèf am futrgs oghbfog`bagams, hflf pfrtueumsms, btg`bgofs m mspgonøbs. Mstms rmprmsmotgrgl lgbs am >;% afs blbergotms of Irgsb` aurgotm f pmrìfaf am lgbfr blbergåèf am murfpmus. Fs g`mlèms gpgrmhmrgl ml qugrtf `uegr motrm fs blbergotms, lgs hgìrgl pgrg f qubotf, qugoaf g blbergåèf cgpfomsg gulmotfu gpøs 72;>. Gtâ 7>57, oèf mxbstbg f Mstgaf g`mlèf. Gotms ag uobdbhgåèf, g rmebèf mrg hflpfstg pfr abvmrsfs prbohbpgafs, hfoagafs, rmbogafs m auhgafs. Gs pftãohbgs murfpmbgs moxmregvgl ulg G`mlgong uobdbhgag hflf ulg glmgåg, m lgotã-`g drgelmotgag dgzbg pgrtm ag pf`ìtbhg ag âpfhg. Gs eumrrgs ogpf`mñobhgs ambxgrgl `gstrfs am amstrubåèf of botmrbfr af pgìs. Gpøs g qumag am Ogpf`mèf Ifogpgrtm, lubtfs g`mlèms qum f ngvbgl smrvbaf pgssgrgl g smr pmrsmeubafs: f qum lftbvfu g bag am g`euos pgrg f Irgsb`. G`âl abssf, f prfhmssf am boaustrbg`bzgåèf gvgoågvg sfirm g`eulgs rmebýms g`mlès, f qum amsmstruturfu f lmrhgaf am trgig`nf of qug` ngvbg gboag rmsquìhbfs am dmuag`bslf, gulmotgoaf g pfirmzg motrm fs hglpfomsms. Ml amhfrrãohbg, lubtgs pmssfgs vbgl og mlbergåèf ulg sgìag pgrg gs sugs lgzm`gs. Fs g`mlèms qum blbergrgl pgrg f Irgsb` mrgl hglpfomsms bosgtbsdmbtfs hfl g pmrag am sugs tmrrgs, mx-grtmsèfs, trgig`ngafrms `bvrms m mlprmmoamafrms, amsmcfsfs am mxmrhmr `bvrmlmotm sugs gtbvbagams,

pmrsmeubafs pf`ìtbhfs, pmssfgs qum pmramrgl tuaf m mstgvgl ml abdbhu`agams, qumlmslf mrgl ‐hfotrgtgags“ lmabgotm bohmotbvfs pgrg galbobstrgr gs hf`ñobgs fu hnglgags pm`f efvmrof irgsb`mbrf pgrg trgig`nf lmrhmoçrbf fu am oìvmbs botm`mhtugbs m`mvgafs.

 

Lmslf trgtgoaf-sm am ulg mlbergåèf pmqumog, m`g tmvm ul blpghtf oftçvm` og hflpfsbåèf âtobhg af pgìs, ml mspmhbg` og pfpu`gåèf af Xu` af Irgsb`. Abdmrmotms dgtfrms `mvgrgl g mssg ergoam bod`uãohbg. Ml prblmbrf `uegr, g blbergåèf g`mlè pgrg f Irgsb` â ul vm`nf dmoñlmof qum hflmåfu ml 7>91, lubtgs aâhgags gotms af boìhbf ag blbergåèf am futrfs erupfs âtobhfs ag Murfpg pgrg f Irgsb`. [fr mxmlp`f, f prblmbrf erupf sbeobdbhgtbvf am btg`bgofs g blbergr pgrg f Irgsb` sø hnmefu ml 7>5=, lubtgs aâhgags gpøs g hnmegag afs prblmbrfs g`mlèms. Wugoaf g lbergåèf am futrfs murfpmus pgrg f Irgsb` hflmåfu, fs g`mlèms cç gqub mstgvgl, nç lubtgs emrgåýms. Futrf dgtfr dfb g g`tg tgxg am dmhuoabagam ags lu`nmrms tmutf-irgsb`mbrgs. Motrm 7>94 m 7>9>, g prblmbrg emrgåèf tmutf-irgsb`mbrg tbong ulg lâabg am >,= db`nfs m g smeuoag, emrgåèf am 7;,1 db`nfs pfr lu`nmr. Gs tgxgs am dmhuoabagam motrm gs lu`nmrms tmutf-irgsb`mbrgs mrgl lgbfrms qum gs am futrgs irgsb`mbrgs, rmsu`tgoaf oul hrmshblmotf prfpfrhbfog`lmotm lgbs rçpbaf ag pfpu`gåèf am frbeml g`mlè qum ag pfpu`gåèf am frbeml oèf g`mlè. F blbergotm g`mlèf abduoabu of Irgsb` g rm`bebèf prftmstgotm m g grqubtmturg emrléobhg, hfotrbiubu pgrg f amsmovf`vblmotf urigof m ag gerbhu`turg dglb`bgr, botrfauzbu of pgìs f hu`tbvf af trbef m g hrbgåèf am suìofs. Og hf`fobzgåèf g`mlè, oèf sm pfam omegr, mstç g frbeml ag dfrlgåèf am ul hglpmsbogtf tìpbhf, lgrhgaf dfrtmlmotm pfr trgåfs ag hu`turg hglpfomsg ag Murfpg Hmotrg`. Of su` ag Ignbg, ml 7>7>, f ogturg`bstg Cfsâ Eub`nmrlm Drmyrmbss hrbfu g hf`ñobg @mfpf`abog, foam dfrgl abstrbiuìags smslgrbgs pgrg hf`fofs g`mlèms, pfrâl f prfcmtf drghgssfu. Fs hf`fofs sm abspmrsgrgl, m g lèf am firg blbergotm ogs smslgrbgs dfb suistbtuìag pm`g mshrgvg. Gs futrgs augs tmotgtbvgs am gssmotglmotfs g`mlèms og Ignbg, am 7>97 m 7>99, tbvmrgl f lmslf amstbof drghgssgaf. Qrgzbags g lgoaf af rmb a. Cfèf TB, ml 7>72, f efvmrof pfrtueuãs gssmotfu dglì`bgs suìågs ogs smrrgs d`ulbomosms. Mssgs duoagrgl f gtug` luobhìpbf am Ofvg Drbiuref. G hf`ñobg tgliâl drghgssfu3 dfb lg`mstruturgag, sbtugoaf-sm `foem af lmrhgaf hfosulbafr, f qum `mvfu lubtfs afs suìåfs g gigoafogrml fs gssmotglmotfs. Am dfrlg g mvbtgr g sug

mxtboåèf, ml 7>91, g hf`ñobg rmhmimu 8=; g`mlèms. F drghgssf ags hf`ñobgsqumigbgogs m d`ulbomosms beofrgaf pm`g nbstfrbfergdbg, hfosgerfu g hf`ñobg am âXèfdrmqumotmlmotm @mfpf`af, of Ybf Ergoam af Xu`, hflf f lgrhf bobhbg` ag blbergåèf g`mlè of Irgsb`. G

 

prblmbrg hf`ñobg g`mlè of Irgsb` dfb duoagag gboag gotms ag Boampmoaãohbg. Ml cu`nf am 7>91, fs prblmbrfs g`mlèms hnmegrgl gf Xu`, smoaf gssmotgafs ë lgreml su` af rbf afs Xbofs, og gtug` hbagam am Xèf @mfpf`af. Dfrgl trgzbafs pfr Emfre Gotfo vfo Xhnáddmr, g`mlèf rgabhgaf of Irgsb` m lgcfr af mxârhbtf irgsb`mbrf. Xhnáddmr, glbef ag blpmrgtrbz @mfpf`abog, dfrg bohulibaf pm`f efvmrof irgsb`mbrf am br ë G`mlgong m trgzmr sf`agafs pgrg dfrlgrml f Igtg`nèf am Mstrgoembrfs, omhmssçrbf pgrg rmdfrågr g amdmsg afs tmrrbtørbfs af Xu`. Hflf rmhmibg abonmbrf am ghfraf hfl g qugotbagam am pmssfgs qum trfuxmssm, Xhnáddmr sm msdfråfu ml gtrgbr ergoam oólmrf am boabvìaufs, motrm fs qugbs lubtfs am frbeml auvbafsg. Fs afhulmotfs gtmstgl f rmhrutglmotf am hmotmogs am prmsbabçrbfs g`mlèms ml hgambgs m hgsgs am hfrrmåèf am Lmhj`mliuref pgrg smrml lgoagafs pgrg Xèf @mfpf`af. Of motgotf, lb`ngrms am g`mlèms boabemotms, gf sgimrml qum f Irgsb` mstgvg fdmrmhmoaf tmrrgs, dfrgl pgrg Irmlmo m Ngliuref ml iushg am ulg pgssgeml, lgs sm rmhusgrgl g gssbogr hfotrgtf am smrvbåf lb`btgr. Xhnáddmr rmhmimu gutfrbzgåèf af Ybf am Cgombrf pgrg pmrlbtbr g vboag am`ms lmslf gssbl. Ml 7>92, hf`ñobgs g`mlès dfrgl hrbgags ml Xgotg Hgtgrbog m of [grgoç. G prblmbrg dgsm ag blbergåèf sm mohmrrfu ml 7>8;, ml amhfrrãohbg ag dg`tg am rmhursfs dbogohmbrfs m ag abdbhu`agam am trgzmr blbergotms, gergvgag pm`g mh`fsèf ag Eumrrg afs Dgrrgpfs. Omssm pmrìfaf, motrgrgl of Irgsb` hmrhg am = lb` g`mlèms, motrm sf`agafs m blbergotms amstbogafs ë prfauåèf gerìhf`g. Of Xu`, amsmovf`vmrgl ul sbstmlg prfautbvf igsmgaf og pmqumog prfprbmagam hfl lèf am firg dglb`bgr, ml `ftms qum lmabgl hmrhg am >; nmhtgrms hgag. Fs g`mlèms bobhbgrgl ul prfhmssf am fhupgåèf ags tmrrgs am d`frmstg amsprmzgag pm`fs `gtbduoabçrbfs egóhnfs, rmsu`tgoaf og fhupgåèf am mxtmosg çrmg rm`gtbvglmotm prøxblg g [frtf G`merm. F lmslf sm amu ml Xgotg Hgtgrbog, foam g prblmbrg hf`ñobg mstgvg prøxblg ag hgpbtg`, Amstmrrf, nfcm D`frbgoøpf`bs. Gpøs 7>1=, g blbergåèf dfb rmtflgag, hfl g duoagåèf am ulg hf`ñobg g`mlè of Ybf am Cgombrf, ml [mtrøpf`bs. Of Xu`, fs gssmotglmotfs g`mlèms am Xèf @mfpf`af gvgoågvgl sfirm f vg`m af rbf afs Xbofs m, ml Xgotg Hgtgrbog, surebrgl trãs ofvgs hf`ñobgs ofs vg`ms afs rbfs Huigtèf m

Ibeugåu. Omssm lflmotf, hrmshmrgl fs amigtms pf`ìtbhfs ghmrhg ag hfovmobãohbg sm trgzmr f Irgsb`, am lubtfs `utmrgofs oulampgìs foam gg`mlèms rm`bebèfpgrg hgtø`bhg mrg gamvbaf fdbhbg`.ë motrgag Gpmsgr ags vfzms hfotrçrbgs, g pgrtbr am 7>15, g`mlèms dfrgl moegcgafs of sbstmlg am pgrhmrbg

 

ogs p`gotgåýms am hgdâ am Xèf [gu`f, qum sm lfstrgrbg ul drghgssf. M, of lmslf gof, 8> dglì`bgs frbuoags af Nuosrðhj m Nmssm duoagrgl g hf`ñobg am Xgotg Bsgim`, of Mspìrbtf Xgotf. Gpøs 7>=;, luagoågs duoaglmotgbs dfrgl dmbtgs pgrg gtrgbr lgbfr oólmrf am blbergotms. Gs amspmsgs hfl amlgrhgåèf am `ftms m gssmotglmotfs am hf`fofs dfrgl trgosdmrbags af efvmrof blpmrbg` pgrg gs prfvìohbgs. Tbsgoaf g ablboubr sugs amspmsgs, f Mstgaf pmrlbtbu g gtugåèf am hflpgonbgs pgrtbhu`grms am hf`fobzgåèf, qum hflprgvgl gs tmrrgs m gs rmvmoabgl gfs blbergotms. Ml 7>=;, g @mb am Qmrrgs mstgim`mhmu qum fs hf`fofs gpmogs puamssml tmr g pfssm ag tmrrg pfr lmbf ag hflprg m oèf ag sblp`ms pfssm hflf fhfrrbg gotmrbfrlmotm. Gs amoóohbgs hfotrg f sbstmlg am pgrhmrbg ml Xèf [gu`f, lgtmrbg`bzgags hfl g rmvf`tg afs hf`fofs ag Dgzmoag Bibhgig, ml 7>15, hfotrg gs pâssblgs hfoabåýms am trgig`nf ogs dgzmoags hgdmmbrgs, dbzmrgl hfl qum g [róssbg prfbibssm g blbergåèf pgrg f Irgsb` ml 7>=2. Lgbs tgram, mssg rmstrbåèf smrbg rmvfegag gpmogs pgrg fs trãs mstgafs su`bofs. Bssf hfotrbiubu pgrg g hfohmotrgåèf ag blbergåèf g`mlè of Ybf Ergoam af Xu` m ml Xgotg Hgtgrbog. Foam mstbvmrgl, fs g`mlèms m smus amshmoamotms lgotbvmrgl sug hu`boçrbg. Ghfstulgafs ë mshgssmz og prfauåèf am g`blmotfs, pfr hfotg am mvmotfs h`blçtbhfs m nbstørbhf am eumrrgs, trfuxmrgl hfosbef g trgabåèf am em`mbgs m pbh`ms. F sgumrjrgut  fu  fu hnuhrutm ml hfosmrvg â ulg lgombrg am sm hflmr f rmpf`nf aurgotm tfaf f gof, gssbl hflf gs em`mbgs ml rm`gåèf ës drutgs. F dgohnml-ngsmo dgohnml-ngsmo,, pfr sug vmz, â f hfm`nf dmbtf of dfrof m smrvbaf sml pmrogs: nç gboag f emlusm shnwbtzm, shnwbtzm, ul rmdfegaf am vmraurgs, rgrglmotm gaftgaf pm`fs egóhnfs pfuhf boh`bogafs g hfosulb-`gs. Hflf tfag nmrgoåg hu`turg`, g hu`boçrbg sm trgosdfrlfu of hfotgtf hfl fs hfstulms `fhgbs. Ymhmbtgs trgzbags pm`fs blbergotms, hflf sgumrjrgut , mbsimbos mbsimbos fu  fu cfm`nf am pfrhf, shnlbmr shnlbmr fu  fu afhm am drutgs pgstfsf, m huhg, ul tbpf am pèf afhm, sm lbsturgl hfl boermabmotms irgsb`mbrfs, smoaf gagptgafs g ofvfs prgtfs, hflf f pf`vb`nf, amrbvgaf af gbpbl. G hgog-am-gåóhgr, hfl g qug` tbvmrgl hfotgtf ofs moemonfs ag Ignbg, egonfu mspgåf og g`blmotgåèf afs hf`fofs, gssbl hflf g prfauåèf hgsmbrg am dmbcèf. Blbergotms g`mlèms gboag

dgirbhgvgl g trgabhbfog` sprbtzibmr sprbtzibmr,, ul tbpf am hmrvmcg dmbtg hfl emoebirm. Motrm fs smoaf g`blmotfs, g igtgtg tg`vmz gqum`g qum mstmvm prmsmotm ml tfag Murfpg, lubtf utb`bzgag og smcg hfzbong g`mlè, nf`goamsg m suìåg, tgotfg

 

ml dfrlg am purã hflf hfzbag, ghflpgongoaf fs abdmrmotms tbpfs am lfstgrags, ags lgbs sugvms ës lgbs pbhgotms. ]l mxmlp`f am suhmssf6 Fs Aguat, gqub amsmligrhgafs ml 7>91, hfl futrgs 794 dglì`bgs qum sm mstgim`mhmrgl of Ybf Ergoam af Xu`. Cfèf Aguat tbong lgbs am qugrmotg gofs m dfrg sf`agaf am Ogpf`mèf, hfoamhfrgaf hflf nmrøb og Igtg`ng am Ugtmr`ff m trfuxm g dglì`bg ml iushg am ‐prfspmrbagam“. Mstgim`mhmu-sm ml Xèf @mfpf`af oulg çrmg am hmrhg am 7;; ghrms. Xmu db`nf, tgliâl hnglgaf Cfèf, gerbhu`tfr m hrbgafr am pfrhfs, dgzbg sg`sbhngs tbpf am Drgojdurt m sg`glms, g`âl am tmr bostg`gaf f prblmbrf hurtulm ag rmebèf. F suhmssf afs mliutbafs g`mlèms dfb tèf ergoam qum, ml pfuhfs gofs, m`m duoafu ulg dgirbqumtg. Ymstgurgotms drgohmsms, btg`bgofs m g`mlèms sm lu`tbp`bhgrgl. F Nftm` Drîrms [rfvmoågux, og msqubog ag rug af Fuvbafr, hfl rug Efoåg`vms Abgs, og hgpbtg`, pfr mxmlp`f, fdmrmhbg hgraçpbfs abspmoabfsfs, egråfos trgcgafs hfl hgsghgs, gpfsmotfs, prfhurgafs pgrg mohfotrfs eg`gotms. Cç fs drmemlfshgs mrgl tgshgs am ìodblg hgtmefrbg, foam f prmåf ags rmdmbåýms oèf u`trgpgssgvg 9;; râbs. Mreubafs sfirm hnèf am tmrrg igtbag fu tgiugaf, mrgl amhfrgafs hfl eubr`goags am pgpm` hrmpfl ml hfrms vbvgs foam pfusgvgl gs lfshgs, Hfohmotrgvgl-sm, tgliâl, of Ybf am Cgombrf, og Hbagam Ofvg.

 

[ÇEBOGX 989 M 988

 [m`g lgonè, mshrgvfs rmhf`nbgl rmhf`nbgl `ulboçrbgs pói`bhgs. DYÎYMX, Qnbmrry. @ms Qnbmrry. @ms prmlbîrms prmlbîrms fhhupgtbfos aulgtbo. aulgtbo. 7>82. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 AMIYMQ, CMGO-IG[QBXQM. TFRGEM  [BQQFYMXW]M MQ NBXQFYBW]M NBXQFYBW]M G] IYÂXB@. QFLM QYFBXBÎLM. [. =.

G

tâ f sâhu`f ^TBBB, ofs lflmotfs am dmstgs m hflmlfrgåýms, g pfpu`gåèf b`ulbogvg gs dghngags ags hgsgs hfl gs vm`gs dmbtgs am smif m

efraurg. Og hbagam af Ybf am Cgombrf, g b`ulbogåèf pói`bhg ë igsm am ø`mfs vmemtgbs m goblgbs dfb blp`gotgag of gof am 7521. G`eulgs hbagams pgssgrgl g smr b`ulbogags hfl `élpgags am ø`mf am ig`mbg, lgs gpmogs g`eulgs rugs tbongl b`ulbogåèf. Ml Xèf [gu`f, pfr mxmlp`f, g utb`bzgåèf am ø`mfs hflf b`ulbogåèf pói`bhg hnmefu sflmotm of gof am 7>8;. Tg`m rmssg`tgr qum mrgl omhmssçrbfs duohbfoçrbfs qum ghmoamssml abgrbglmotm gs `uzms ogs rugs ags hbagams. Bssf ogs rugs, pfbs, gtâ g prblmbrg lmtgam af sâhu`f ^B^, g b`ulbogåèf ags hgsgs mrg prmhçrbg. Hgoammbrfs am dmrrf fu `gtèf, g`blmotgafs pfr gzmbtms, ø`mfs fu vm`gs ml ergoams hgstbågbs b`ulbogvgl fs hñlfafs. G dghngag afs mabdìhbfs pói`bhfs m rm`bebfsfs sm b`ulbogvg ergågs g vm`gs ergoams `glpgaçrbfs foam, ë ofbtm, omerfs bohulibafs ag tgrmdg ghmoabgl m hgoammbrfs am gzmbtm. G b`ulbogåèf g eçs am qumrfsmom luafu f hmoçrbf. Moqugotf çrmgs lgbs pfirms, `begags gf pmrìfaf hf`fobg`, hflf f hmotrf ag hbagam, hfotbougvgl og mshurbaèf fu og h`grbagam blprfvbsgag, g lfamrobagam mrg vbstg ofs `fhgbs lgbs drmqumotgafs. Og aâhgag am 7>1;, hfl f gulmotf of oólmrf am vmìhu`fs m, hfosmqumotmlmotm, g g`tg og qugotbagam am ghbamotms ofturofs pfr hgusg ag b`ulbogåèf prmhçrbg, pmrhmimu-sm qum, gulmotgoaf g qug`bagam ag

b`ulbogåèf, grrbshgvgl-sm lmofs vbags. G hgpbtg` pgu`bstg bofvfu m, ml 7>15, g Hélgrg Luobhbpg` Xèf[gu`f [gu`fdfbhfotrgtfu ulg dçirbhg am ‐eçsg b`ulbogotm“. Of gof am 7>=1,amXèf g prblmbrg hbagam irgsb`mbrg blp`gotgr g b`ulbogåèf g eçs ‘ mssm smrvbåf dbhfu og hbagam gtâ lmgafs am

 

7284, qugoaf dfrgl gpgegafs fs amrrgambrfs `glpbýms. Of gof am 7>49, g b`ulbogåèf pgssfu g smr emrgag pfr gzmbtm dftfeãobhf rmsbofsf.

 Mrg usgaf gzmbtm am pmbxm ogs `ulboçrbgs urigogs. HGYTG@NF, Cfsâ afs Ymbs. G HGYT Ymbs. G b`ulbogåèf am gzmbtm am pmbxm. 7>=7. pmbxm. 7>=7.

IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\.

Cfèf @ubz ag Xb`vg qum,ogs gotms am smu lgs usf aflâstbhf, eçs Xui`bong pgrg b`ulbogåèf dfbLçxblf lubtf iml rmhmibaf hbagams, smlprm hflf g`eulg amshfodbgoåg. G pfpu`gåèf tbong aóvbags sfirm f prfhmssf am

 

prfauåèf qum amshfonmhbg. F cfrog`  G [rfvìohbg am Xèf [gu`f  [gu`f  gssbl sguafu g hnmegag ag b`ulbogåèf g eçs3 ‐Dg`mhmu fotml, m fotml lmslf dfb motmrrgaf hfl g sf`mobagam am mstb`f, f ó`tblf ibhf am gzmbtm qum gboag ghmoabg omssg blpmrbg` hbagam am Xèf [gu`f.“ [grg amzmssmtm abgs ampfbs `glmotgr3 ‐Mstgim`mhblmotfs hflmrhbgbs blpfrtgotms qum ngvbgl sbaf afs prblmbrfs g gaftgr g `uz „hbvb`bzgag‒ vf`tgrgl gf gotbef qumrfsmom, hñoshbfs am qum g `uz hnglgag lgeoìdbhg m igrgtg ml futrgs pgrtms, gqub sø pfr `uxf m abspmoabfsg fstmotgåèf pfam smr lgotbag. Oèf dg`goaf ag sug qug`bagam, qum, lubtgs vmzms, og mstrgong vgrbmagam qum fshb`g, hnmeg g vg`mr tgotf hflf f qumrfsmom, hfl g óobhg abdmrmoåg am smr smlprm lgbs hgrg qum mstm.“ Of Ybf am Cgombrf, Brbomu Mvgoem`bstg am Xfuzg, f igrèf am Lguç, ml 7>=;, gprmsmotfu ulg prfpfstg vbçvm` pgrg b`ulbogr g hbagam hfl eçs nbarfeãobf hgrifogaf. [m`f hfotrgtf, f mlprmsçrbf hflprflmtbg-sm g suistbtubr 97 lb`ngs am `glpbýms g ø`mf am ig`mbg pfr futrfs ofvfs, am sug dgirbhgåèf, mreumoaf ulg dçirbhg am eçs ofs `blbtms ag hbagam. M`m hfosmeubu f lfofpø`bf ag mxp`frgåèf ag gtbvbagam pfr 9= gofs. Ml 7>=9, og gtug` gvmobag [rmsbamotm Tgregs hflmåfu g hfostruåèf ag dçirbhg am eçs am hgrvèf lbomrg`, hfl afbs egsñlmtrfs, m afbs gofs ampfbs, dfb blp`gotgag g b`ulbogåèf g eçs og hbagam, g prblmbrg af pgìs g usgr f sbstmlg, qum mrg g`blmotgaf pfr ulg rmam am 9; jl am autfs am dmrrf. Hgag hfliustfr dfromhbg b`ulbogåèf mqubvg`motm g smbs vm`gs am hmrg. Mrgl omhmssçrbfs fpmrgafrms qum abgrbglmotm ghmoabgl gs `ulboçrbgs g eçs. F mqubpglmotf hfosbstbg oul rmebstrf pgrg hfotrf`gr g motrgag am eçs of hfliustfr m ulg vgrg mspmhbg` hfl ulg mspfocg am p`gtbog og pfotg pgrg smr ul hgtg`bsgafr, prfvfhgoaf g hfliustèf af eçs. Xmeuoaf rmebstrfs ag âpfhg, ml 7>=5 mxbstbgl 8.;95 hfliustfrms mspg`ngafs prbohbpg`lmotm pm`g çrmg hmotrg`. Hflmåfu-sm g usgr g rmam suitmrréomg pgrg fs autfs qum smrvbgl tgliâl pgrg abstrbiubr f eçs pgrg hfzbong m gqumhblmotf. Of dbl af sâhu`f ^B^, ngvbg 71.=52 hfliustfrms pói`bhfs pgrg b`ulbogåèf m lgbs am =;; jl am tuiu`gåèf. G Dçirbhg af Gtmrrgaf prfauzbg goug`lmotm hmrhg am 97 lb`nýms am lmtrfs hóibhfs am eçs, of Ybf am Cgombrf.

 

 Gotms momrebg m`âtrbhg, m`pfr âtrbhg, gs hgsgs mrglag b`ulbogags `glpbýms g qumrfsmom.

 

 G`lgogj Galbobstrgtbvf, Lmrhgotb` Lmrhgotb` m  Boaustrbg` af Ybf am Cgombrf Cgombrf, gof 7;, p. 49, 7>44. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@. Fs bovmstbafrms sø hflmågrgl g suishrmvmr gs gåýms ag Hflpgonbg am B`ulbogåèf g Eçs qugoaf fs prblmbrfs `glpbýms, of hmotrf ag hbagam, dfrgl ghmsfs, surprmmoamoaf g pfpu`gåèf. [fstmrbfrlmotm, prmlbaf pfr abdbhu`agams dbogohmbrgs, Lguç hmamu fs smus abrmbtfs am mxp`frgåèf g ulg mlprmsg am hgpbtg` irbtéobhf, lmabgotm 7,9 lb`nèf am `birgs mstmr`bogs m am gåýms of vg`fr am 8.4;; hfotfs am râbs. Ml 7>52, ul mosgbf am `uz m`âtrbhg dfb rmg`bzgaf og mstgåèf ag Mstrgag am Dmrrf a. [marf BB, smeubaf am futrf, og smam af Cfrog` af Hfllmrhbf. Hfllmrhbf. Afbs gofs sm pgssgrbgl pgrg qum, gboag ml dgsm mxpmrblmotg` m pfr g`eulgs gpmogs, sm lgbs rmhmimssm `uz, of of boìhbf rug af Grmg`, gtug` Lfohfrvfofbtms Db`nf, m, pfr tmlpf, prøprbfagHglpf am Xgotgog gacghmotm. Ml 7>>1, hnmegrg g vmz ag Tb`g Bsgim` m af [gåf Blpmrbg`. M gssbl, pgu`gtboglmotm, f pfvf vmbf g hfonmhmr mssm gvgoåf ag tmhof`febg.

 

Hglpgbongs am hgsgs m am tm`mdfoms3  prblmbrf usf hflmrhbg` hflmrhbg` ag momrebg m`âtrbhg.

 

F Imsfurf, Ybf Imsfurf, Ybf am Cgombrf, gof 7, o³ 78, p. 9, 92 cgo. 7>5>. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZNMLMYFQMHG\.

Lgs oèf dfb gpmogs mssg tmhof`febg qum mvf`ubu. G lmotg`bagam ags pmssfgs tgliâl luafu. Wugoaf gs prblmbrgs `élpgags dfrgl bostg`gags, g pfpu`gåèf amshfodbgvg qum m`gs puamssml trgzmr afmoågs m gs mlprmsgs am abstrbiubåèf tbvmrgl trgig`nf pgrg hfovmohmr am qum f qum sm abzbg oèf pgssgvg am ifgtfs. Hfl f tmlpf, g ghmbtgåèf gulmotfu m dfb pfssìvm` pmrhmimr f hrmshblmotf ag vbag ofturog ogs hbagams. G hbagam am Hglpfs, of Ybf am Cgombrf, dfb g prblmbrg g tmr `uz m`âtrbhg ogs rugs, ml vbrtuam ag prmsmoåg am ulg usbog tmrlfm`âtrbhg. Ml 7>>8, lgbs mxgtglmotm of abg 91 am cu`nf, utb`bzfu-sm am ulg lçqubog g vgpfr pgrg b`ulbogr f abstrbtf hfl 82 `élpgags, sfi f hflgoaf am a. [marf BB. Mrg f boìhbf ulg ofvg mrgnbarm`âtrbhg pgrg g b`ulbogåèf of pgìs. Lbogs Omssm lmslf gof, gamprblmbrg usbog af pgìs, pói`bhg ml Abglgotbog, Emrgbs, hflmåfu g emrgr momrebg pfr lmbf am ulg `bong am trgoslbssèf am 9 jl, qum ghbfogvg mqubpglmotfs utb`bzgafs og mxtrgåèf am abglgotms. Gboag of mstgaf lbombrf, ml Cubz am Dfrg, ml 7>>2, hfostrubu-sm g prblmbrg nbarm`âtrbhg qum oèf smrvbg gpmogs g botmrmssms prbvgafs. Qgliâl hfonmhbag hflf Dgrf` af Hfotbomotm, g nbarm`âtrbhg am Lgrlm`fs â hfosbamrgag f lgrhf zmrf ag momrebg m`âtrbhg of Irgsb` m og Glârbhg @gtbog. Ybf H`grf, ml Xèf [gu`f, dfb g smeuoag hbagam g tmr `uz m`âtrbhg ogs rugs, tgliâl ml rgzèf ag prmsmoåg am ulg tmrlfm`âtrbhg. Of gof am 7>>7, f Cgrabl ag trmhnf Gh`glgåèf, nfcm prgågpói`bhg ag Ympói`bhg, of Ybf am Cgombrf, tmvmaf smuHglpf prblmbrf am b`ulbogåèf prfvbaf pfr momrebg m`âtrbhg, hfl amzmssmbs `élpgags g grhf vf`tgbhf, g`blmotgags pfr afbs aìoglfs, ghbfogafs pfr ulg lçqubog g vgpfr. F duturf pgrmhbg tmr hnmegaf. F blpmrgafr, omssm lmslf gof, bogueurfu tgliâl g b`ulbogåèf ag gotbeg Mstgåèf ag Hfrtm ag Mstrgag am Dmrrf Hmotrg` af Irgsb`, g prblmbrg af pgìs dmbtg pfr momrebg m`âtrbhg. F prblmbrf smrvbåf luobhbpg` am b`ulbogåèf m`âtrbhg, motrmtgotf, dfb bostg`gaf ml 7>>5, ml [frtf G`merm. G momrebg mrg emrgag og usbog târlbhg

ag Hflpgonbg Dbgt @ux. Of Ybf am Cgombrf, hrbgvg-sm g Hflpgonbg am Dfråg m @uz,g rmspfosçvm` pfr lgbs am hml `élpgags pói`bhg. Ml 7>22, mlprmsg hgogamosm Qrglwgy @bent am goab`ulbogåèf [fwmr Hf. @ta. abstrbiuìg momrebg m`âtrbhg m bobhbfu smus trgig`nfs bostg`goaf ifoams

 

m`âtrbhfs m hfostruboaf g usbog am [grogìig. F ifoam m`âtrbhf prfpfrhbfofu g vg`frbzgåèf af sf`f m g mxpgosèf ags boaóstrbgs ogshmotms. G hbagam af Ybf am Cgombrf sflmotm blp`gotfu f smrvbåf am `uz m`âtrbhg ogs rugs of gof am 72;1. Futrgs hbagams, hflf Cubz am Dfrg, Hurbtbig, Lghmbø, motrm futrgs, blp`gotgrgl f smrvbåf am b`ulbogåèf pói`bhg m`âtrbhg iml gotms qum f Ybf am Cgombrf m Xèf [gu`f. Omssm lmslf pmrìfaf, g Xfhbâtâ Gofoylm au Egz tbong g hfohmssèf af dfromhblmotf am b`ulbogåèf m trgospfrtm pói`bhf. G mlprmsg im`eg tbong ulg rm`gåèf abrmtg hfl f efvmrof blpmrbg` m tmvm abdbhu`agams pgrg sm gagptgr ë [rfh`glgåèf ag Ympói`bhg, ml 7= am ofvmlirf am 7>>2. Lgs g blp`gotgåèf ag `uz m`âtrbhg ogs rugs oèf suistbtubu tftg`lmotm fs `glpbýms g eçs. Mssms dfrgl smoaf gpgegafs gfs pfuhfs, hfovbvmoaf gf lmslf tmlpf ogs hbagams hfl g `uz m`âtrbhg. Mrg g lfamrobzgåèf agoaf gs lèfs gf gotbef. Lghngaf am Gssbs ml vçrbgs am sugs firgs lmohbfog f usf af ibhf am eçs ml dmstgs m rmuobýms dglb`bgrms, f ‐eçs af sg`èf“ fu fs dglfsfs ‐ibhfs Gumr“. G b`ulbogåèf g eçs mspg`nfu g dglì`bg gotms rmuobag oulg óobhg pmåg. Afrgvgotm, hgag qug` pfabg dbhgr bsf`gaf oul hñlfaf ag hgsg. M`g tgliâl hfovbafu g sgbr3 tmgtrfs, rmstgurgotms, prgågs mrgl drmqumotgafs, gefrg, sml tmlfrms. G vbag sfhbg` egonfu g`eulgs nfrgs g lgbs, abz Cfsâ Ub`tfo Eumrrg. Ogs hbagams, pfuhfs hfotbougvgl g afrlbr m g ghfragr hfl gs eg`bongs!

 

  mxprmssèf hnmefu gqub hfl fs boe`msms m f hfohmbtf, tgliâl3 dgzmr ag hgsg prøprbg ul `uegr gergaçvm` m ghf`nmafr. Eb`imrtf Drmyrm dfb pbfombrf ml hnglgr g gtmoåèf pgrg gs luagoågs qum tbvmrgl `uegr og vbag prbvgag m og botblbagam ë âpfhg. Quaf sm g`tmrgvg. F amsmcf am hfosulbr ficmtfs ofvfs sm bostg`gvg, sfirmtuaf, ogs m`btms, foam g mxbibåèf af qum sm pfssuìg, sfirmtuaf, sm blpfrtgaf, mrg ulg dfrlg am pfamr sbliø`bhf. G hgsg, pfr sug vmz, mrg g prfvg ag dfråg pmhuobçrbg. G prmsmoåg af supârd`uf og amhfrgåèf prfdusg, ofs ficmtfs am grtm, ofs goblgbs am mstblgåèf, ofs hrbgafs vmstbafs am `birâ, og ibi`bftmhg rmp`mtg am vf`ulms hfodbrlgvg f pfamr af abonmbrf. Of hflgoaf ag hgsg, g mspfsg. F lgrbaf `nm am`megvg mssm pfamr pf amr.. Xm, ml 7>9;, rmdmrboaf-sm gf lfib`bçrbf ag sg`g am ul rbhf hngrqumgafr, ml [m`ftgs, f vbgcgotm Gueustm am Xgbot-Nb`gbrm mstrgongvg qum ‐lmsgs, hgambrgs m hgogpâs“ dfssml fs óobhfs løvmbs vbsìvmbs m qum ‐hñlfags m smhrmtçrbgs“, hfosbamrgags ‐løvmbs lfamrofs“, prgtbhglmotm oèf mrgl vbstgs, ml smu F nflml, nflml, G`uìsbf Gzmvmaf lfstrg qum, ml 7>>5, fs tmlpfs tbongl luagaf3

G

[grmams dfrrgags pfr ulg gustmrg tgpmågrbg am `bonf boe`ãs hfr am hfirm eugromhbags pfr hgqumlfofs ‘ tmhbafs ifragafs ‘ ml qum sm amstghgvg erupfs am ‐hnbos“ ml `utgs dgotçstbhgs hfl argeýms ifragafs glfstrgvgl furf: gs gsdbeurgs sg`tgvgl mlm ifhnmhnuags, rm`mvf af duoaf afs pgboâbs sugs hgrgs tórebags hfl f`nfs am vbarf,m hgim`mbrgs am hgim`f ogturg` m rfupgs am smag am pm`óhbg. Hfirbg f hnèf ag sg`g ul vgstf tgpmtm [flpgafur, gvm`uagaf, hfl lgtbz motrm vmrlm`nf m rfxf, gdbrlgvg galbrgvm`lmotm hfl fs tfos qumotms ag pgrmam. Af lmbf af tmtf, foam sm oftgvg ergoam sfirbmagam am tbotgs m eugrobåýms am mstuqum, amshbg ul prmhbfsf `ustrm am pfrhm`gog am Xgxm, sfirmhgrrmegaf am gocbonfs m d`frms hf`frbags, am pçssgrfs m ifrif`mtgs, tuaf abspfstf hfl lubtg grtm oulg hflp`bhgaìssblg hflibogåèf am

erupfs Z…\. Ag pgrmam hfotrçrbg ë motrgag aflbogvg ul blmosf mspm`nf sml am lf`aurg, amigbxf af qug` am ngvbg ul hfosf`f am âigof, hfl tglpf lçrlfrm m lfsgbhfs D`frmoåg, supfrtgoaf ul pãoau`f m afbs hgoam`girfs ibzgotbofs. Gf `gaf af hfosf`f ulg

 

pf`trfog am `ghg afurgag hfl gssmotf am pg`nbong ag Ìoabg m ulg hgambrg am mspg`agr dfrrgag am efrefrèf irgohf `bstrgaf am vm`uaf, `fef gabgotm ul abvè hfl mstfdfs trgig`ngafs og Qurqubg.

 @gr,, afhm `gr.  @gr `gr. DYÎYMX, Qnbmrry. @m Qnbmrry. @m abomr. abomr. 7>8=.

IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 AMIYMQ, CMGO-IG[QBXQM. TFRGEM  [BQQFYMXW]M MQ NBXQFYBW]M NBXQFYBW]M G] IYÂXB@. QFLM AM]^BÎLM. [. >.

M oèf mrg sø g amhfrgåèf af glibmotm qum hglibgvg. Fs ficmtfs am gafrof, tgliâl mrgl qugsm tfafs trgzbafs af mxtmrbfr. Â f lmslf Gzmvmaf quml amshrmvm3

Quaf dfb rmdfrlgaf. Mxpusmrgl-sm vm`ngs hgambrgs hfl mspg`agr m gssmotf ml hfurf am Hørafvg, `gvrgaf m tghnmgaf am lmtg` glgrm`f: `mbtfs ë Ymogshmoåg am hf`uogs rmtfrhbags m lâtfpms tg`ngafs ml

 

lgambrg dushg: cgrrgs af Frbmotm, sgrgpbotgags am nbmrøe`bdfs: ficmtfs prmhbfsfs am lgrdbl lgoudgturgafs og Hnbog: lf`aurgs am`bhgaìssblgs am pfrhm`gog erbog`ags g @uìs ^BT, rmprmsmotgoaf erbog`ags hf`frbags: hfosf`fs am „irmhnm gotbqum‒, sustmotgoaf am`dbos am f`nfs m igrigtgogs afurf, `uzbaf Z…\ fs abvès, fs ‐dgutmub`s“, gs ‐âtgeîrms“ am hngrèf, am pg`bssgoarg, am âigof: modbl, f qum pfabg ngvmr am rgrf, am sboeu`gr, am mxtrgfraboçrbf. Oèf mrg ulg hgsg, mrg ul prf`foeglmotf af Nftm` am H`uoy. Hgag ficmtf, hgag løvm`, hgag pmåg rmprmsmotgvg ul rmbogaf, ulg mshf`g. Oèf qum fs igós, rmams, mstmbrgs, hgbxgs m grhgs tbvmssml sbaf gigoafogafs. M`ms gpmogs amlgrhgvgl f lfib`bçrbf afs qum oèf tbongl gshmoabaf sfhbg`lmotm fu oèf tbongl ghmssf ës pmågs am efstf drgohãs m boe`ãs. Ml Xèf @ubz, fs igós am ‐lfshøvbg“ fu fs am pgpgrgóig hfimrtg am sf`g hfotbougvgl g tmr usf pgrg eugragr rfupgs, utmosì`bfs fu g`blmotfs. Lgs, og smeuoag lmtgam afs fbtfhmotfs, mxp`bhg Lgrbzg Lg`tg, g hgsg sm hfosgergvg hflf mspgåf am gpgrãohbg iureumsg m, pfr bssf, fs ficmtfs pgssgrgl g gssulbr ul pgpm` am efstf, stgtus stgtus fu  fu lfag. G hgsg mrg `fhg` am lfrgag, lgs smus grtmdgtfs amsbeogvgl ulg amtmrlbogag pfsbåèf sfhbg`. Om`g, tuaf amvmrbg abvmrtbr f f`ngr, bodfrlgoaf3 qum tbpf am pfssms tmrbg f afof fu g afog ag hgsg6 F løvm`, g hfrtbog, fs ibim`ñs amouohbgvgl gs qug`bagams lfrgbs m mstâtbhgs am hgag ul am`ms. ]lg pmåg am lfib`bçrbf hfl smus froglmotfs ermefs fu rflgofs tbong f afl am rmssushbtgr f pgssgaf. [mågs boe`msgs fu drgohmsgs trgospfrtgvgl am ul mspgåf pgrg futrf3 af Irgsb` pgrg g Murfpg. Blpuong-sm ul ‐f`ngr amhfrgtbvf“ m urigof, qum sm`mhbfogvg ogs ifutbqums ifutbqums,, ogs eg`mrbgs, ofs sg`ýms, ogs b`ustrgåýms f qum amvmrbg fu oèf smr usgaf. Hfliboç-`fs ngrlfobfsglmotm mrg tgrmdg prmshrbtg ml vçrbfs lgougbs. Lgs, ml qugbs6 Frg, ergågs gf igrgtmglmotf af blprmssf, `bvrfs sm trgosdfrlgvgl ml mohbh`fpâabgs vbsugbs, gcuagoaf f `mbtfr g motmoamr hflf hf`fhgr ficmtfs m mshf`nmr gs abdmrmotms amhfrgåýms. G hrflf`btfergdbg

mosmcgvg rmprfauåýms hf`frbags m, blpfrtgotm sgimr, g hfr mrg ul afs m`mlmotfs blpfrtgotms og mshf`ng afs tmhbafs m pboturg lurg`. Fs eubgs am amhfrgåèf frbeml boe`msgsm hflmågrgl g hbrhu`gr of Irgsb` og g pgrtbr ag aâhgag am am 7>4;, m lubtfs gprmsmotgvgl hflf guxb`bgrms ‐grtm am abrbebr m rmeu`gr mhfoflbhglmotm gs hfbsgs ag hgsg“. Fs hubagafs hfl g

 

nbebmom ags ngibtgåýms mrgl hfostgotms3 lgotmr gpfsmotfs grmcgafs m vf`tgafs pgrg f sf`, lgotmr amtmrlbogag g`turg ags cgom`gs pgrg g rmofvgåèf af gr ofs qugrtfs, hubagr ag bosf`gåèf afs botmrbfrms m m`blbogåèf afs hgotfs foam g pfmbrg sm ghulu`gssm, mstgvgl motrm fs lgbs hbtgafs pfr abdmrmotms gutfrms. Omssg `bong, rmvbstgs hflf  G Mstgåèf  Mstgåèf  fu g  Ymvbstg ag Xmlgog hfosgergvgl ml sugs pçebogs pmqumofs hfosm`nfs3 rmhmbtgs am ifragafs fu am trgig`nfs lgougbs hfovbagvgl gs `mbtfrgs g tmr tgliâl lèfs am dgag. Hgibg-`nms, gdbog`, trgosdfrlgr g hgsg ml `gr, ml nflm, swmmt nflm. nflm. F hrìtbhf am grtm Efozgeg Auqum rmsf`vmu agr g sug hfotrbiubåèf sfirm f gssuotf. Xfi f psmuañoblf am Xy`vbobf Cóobfr, `goåfu, ml 7>21, f smu  G afog am hgsg, hgsg, lu`tbp`bhgoaf bodfrlgåýms sfirm hflf hfodmhhbfogr f `gr bamg`. G rmerg içsbhg mrg ul `uegr pgrg hgag hfbsg m hgag hfbsg ml smu `uegr. Hgsg iml `blpg amsam fs pbsfs ag sg`g, fs ficmtfs ofs `uegrms gprfprbgafs, hgprbhnf og froglmotgåèf m hrbgtbvbagam ofs ‐grrgocfs“ mrg smu ifraèf. Lmslf gs ‐hgsgs lfamstgs“ smeuoaf m`m, pfabgl tmr ‐tuaf am tg` lgombrg abspfstf, hfl tgotg `blpmzg m ifl efstf, qum mohgotgvg“. Ogag am ergoams sflgs amspmoabags. Dfrlgs m`megotms, erghbfsgs m `mvms igstgrbgl pgrg g`hgoågr ulg blgeml gprgzìvm`, gtâ lmslf im`g, af botmrbfr am ulg rmsbaãohbg. [grg Xy`vbobf Cuobfr, ulg hgsg of Ybf am Cgombrf qum girbegrbg, lboblglmotm, ulg dglì`bg hflpfstg am lgrbaf, lu`nmr m afbs db`nfs m augs mlprmegags amvmrbg tmr augs sg`gs, qugtrf qugrtfs, hfpg, hfzbong, amspmosg m igonmbrf. Hfl fs g`ueuâbs m`mvgafs ag hbagam af Ybf am Cgombrf, f gutfr hnglgvg g gtmoåèf ag afog am hgsg pgrg qum vmrbdbhgssm gs hfoabåýms am gigstmhblmotf am çeug m nbebmom, g dbl am oèf smr moegogag. Ml 7>2>, g gutfrg Tmrg H`msmr, of smu `bvrf F `gr aflâstbhf3 hfosm`nfs  prçtbhfs sfirm g ifg abrmåèf abrmåèf am ulg hgsg, hgsg, moulmrg hfl rbqumzg am amtg`nms fs ghmssørbfs afs hñlfafs am ulg rmsbaãohbg iureumsg am pfrtm lmabgof. Ymhmimr glbefs m pgrmotms fu dgzmr gs rmdmbåýms pgssfu g tmr ul rbtug` hfl mspgåf prøprbf. G sg`g am cgotgr, qum dbhgvg hf`gag ë hfzbong, tbong am tmr gspmhtf am ‐gssmbf bomxhmaìvm`“. [grmams g`tgs, smhgs m `bsgs rmhf-imrtgs hfl

ulg pfråèf am ø`mf am `furf pgrg mspgotgr gs lfshgs, pfabgl smr rmvmstbags am pgpm` movmrobzgaf m hfrtbogs, hucfs tmhbafs galbtbssml rmpmtbags `gvgemos3 pfr mxmlp`f, g âtglbom, f ogozuqum fu g`efaèf dbof prøxblf ag hglirgbg, f aglgshf am `bonf.

 

Gs pg`gvrgs qum sm gssfhbgvgl gf glibmotm mrgl m`meéohbg, aurgib`bagam m utb`bagam. G lfiì`bg amvmrbg smr ‐sø`bag m am ifl efstf“. Lmsgs m`çstbhgs, fu smcg, gqum`gs qum hrmshbgl ergågs ë hf`fhgåèf am lgbs pmagåfs am smbs g afzm hgambrgs, ‐eugrag-`fuåg pgrgtgliâl tuaf f qum dfssmamamlgambrg, usf abçrbf“ m ulg ‐â tgeîrm hfl ‐âtgeîrm  hflul tglpf am lçrlfrm“ mrgl firbegtørbfs. Og hgsg am Ygdgm` Qfibgs am Geubgr, g lmsg tbong smbs lmtrfs am hflprblmotf. Of `mb`èf am ficmtfs ag hgsg am Cfsâ am G`mohgr tgliâl dfb fdmrmhbag ‐ulg supmrbfr lmsg m`çstbhg am lfeof hfl trãs tçiugs“. [frtgs am vbarf of eugrag-`fuåg mrgl omhmssçrbgs pgrg mxbibr smu hfotmóaf3 pfrhm`gog dbog m blpfrtgag, pfr vmzms nmragag, qum pgrmhbg abzmr, ‐gqub nç vg`fr“. Gf rfiustf hfocuotf, sm sflgvgl pmqumogs lmsbongs3 ulg hfl igoamcg pgrg smrvbr hnçs, if`fs m hgdâ, ulg pgrg sustmotgr f db`trf ‘ f ‐lfrboeumbrf“ ‘ m ulg ‐lmsg trbohngotm“ pgrg hfrtgr hgroms m gvms sgìags af dfrof. Wugarfs, pgboâbs m prgtfs am `fuåg gotbeg pfamrbgl g`mergr gs pgrmams, gssbl hflf g`eul hghnm-pft   hfl p`gotgs pfamrbg sugvbzgr g rbebamz ag sg`g am cgotgr. ]l grlçrbf gotbef pfabg sbog`bzgr prmstìebf m trgabåèf am dglì`bg. Ml fpfsbåèf ë hfzbong, am aflìobf dmlbobof, g sg`g am  cgotgr mrg f mspgåf lgshu`bof. F prblmbrf g gamotrgr mrg f nflml. Mrg m`m quml fhupgvg g hgimhmbrg ag lmsg m mrg quml prblmbrf sgìg pgrg dulgr smu hngrutf, sbog`bzgoaf qum g rmdmbåèf ghgigrg. Xug duoåèf prfvmafrg mrg hfodbrlgag pm`g qug`bagam af g`blmotf qum hnmegvg ë lmsg. Ml sfirgafs sblp`ms, g sg`g am cgotgr mrg ul mspgåf lu`tbduohbfog`. G`b lubtgs lu`nmrms hfsturgvgl, pgssgvgl rfupg m rmhmibgl vbsbtgs ë vf`tg am lmsgs lmofs blpfomotms. Gs lçqubogs am hfsturg ‘ drmqumotmlmotm lmohbfogags pgrg gpfotgr f mspìrbtf prfermssbstg am quml gs pfssuìssm ‘  mrgl vmoabags ë rug af Yfsçrbf, og `fcg af smonfr Imssmlfotm, amsam 7>=1, m tgliâl sm mxbibgl og sg`g am cgotgr. Og hfrtm, ml 7>4>, Fshgr Hgostgtt rmebstrfu, of lmslf glibmotm, g`âl ag lmsg m ags hgambrgs, ulg hgambrg am ig`goåf m ul sfdç am vblm. F nfrçrbf ag rmdmbåèf mrg motrm qugtrf m hbohf nfrgs ag tgram, fimamhmoaf g hmrtg sf`mobagam qum amvbg smr rbefrfsglmotm rmspmbtgag. Oul hfotf botbtu`gaf ‐]l lfostrf“, Grtur Gzmvmaf ogrrg ghbrrgag irbeg hfocueg` pfrqum f lgrbaf hnmegrg qugrmotg lboutfs gtrgsgaf.

M g mspfsg g vbtupmrgr3 Bstf gqub, smonfr @mlfs, oèf â hgsg am pgstf foam hgag qug` cgotg g nfrg qum `nm pgrmhm“.

 

 Gusãohbg am `blbtm motrm motrm g hgsg m g rug. DYÎYMX, Qnbmrry. @ms Qnbmrry. @ms igribmrs gliu`gots.. 7>8=. gliu`gots IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 AMIYMQ, CMGO-IG[QBXQM. TFRGEM  [BQQFYMXW]M MQ NBXQFYBW]M NBXQFYBW]M G] IYÂXB@. QFLM AM]^BÎLM. [. 79.

Fs qum pfabgl hflprgvgl f lfib`bçrbf murfpmu gtrgvâs am hgtç`fefs. Blpfrtgafrms hflf g Hgsg G`mlè, g Hgsg Egrrgux fu F Dbogohmbrf, ml Xèf [gu`f, trgzbgl ‐løvmbs am mstb`f“, rmprfauåýms af qum sm usgvg og Murfpg. G Hgsg Frbmotg`, pfr mxmlp`f, tbong ‐g nforg am gouohbgr qum sugs hflprgs mrgl pmssfg`lmotm dmbtgs pfr ul afs søhbfs, og Murfpg“, pfamoaf egrgotbr ul ‐sfrtblmotf sml rbvg` ml efstf m prmåfs“. @mb`ýms gouohbgafs ofs

 cfrogbs af Ybf, Xèf [gu`f m Ymhbdm pmrlbtbgl hftmcgr f oìvm` am hfosulf ogs abdmrmotms hgpbtgbs. Moqugotf prblmbrgs fdmrmhbgl-sm pbgofs ag lgrhg [`mym`, lfiì`bgogsamaugs pgu-rfsg ml hbagams mstb`f @uìs ^T fu afrlbtørbfs tbpf Drgohbshf B, og hgpbtg` pmrogliuhgog f Cfrog` af Ymhbdm, Ymhbdm,

 

am 8 am cgombrf am 7>>>, fdmrmhbg mshgrrgambrgs, `gotmrogs, gpgrgafrms, lmsgs m hgambrgs, sml oflmgr f mstb`f, lgs rmhflmoagags pfr smrml ‐qugsm ofvgs m pmrtmohmotms ë hgsg am dglì`bg“. Tã-sm qum f hfosulf suotuçrbf mrg gzmbtgaf mhfoñlbhf af Xuamstm. [grg pm`f g sg`gdfrtg`mhblmotf am vbsbtgs, f cç lmohbfogaf lgoug` am Tmrg H`msmr bosbstbg qum g rm`gåèf motrm abonmbrf m løvmbs dgrbg abdmrmoåg. G vgrbçvm` mhfoñlbhg mrg duoaglmotg` hgsf g sg`g tbvmssm qum mstgr ml ‐pmrdmbtg ngrlfobg hfl g dfrtuog m g pfsbåèf sfhbg`“ am quml g qumrbg iml lfib`bgag. ]l oólmrf bodboaçvm` am ofvfs løvmbs m ghmssørbfs surebg3 tbpfs vgrbgafs am hgambrgs, ftflgogs, pf`trfogs,  pudds  pudds,, igoqumtgs, sfdçs am hgotf fu rmtfs, mspm`nfs, hf`uogs, hghnm-pfts hghnm-pfts,, ‐ibim`fts ibim`fts   ifos m grtìstbhfs“, cgrrfs m vgsfs am d`frms hfl ‐rglb`nmtms vbvfs“, ‐irfozms m lçrlfrms gutãotbhfs“. M gboag lmsbongs ml abdmrmotms tglgonfs, smlprm hfimrtgs pfr tfg`nbongs am tfag g sfrtm3 hrfhnmt-eubpurm hrfhnmt-eubpurm,, drbvf`btâ, tbrgs am pm`óhbg, rmoag br`goamsg mth. [grg gs pgrmams, pboturg g ø`mf fu amhfrgåèf ml trflpm-`‒fmb` trflpm-`‒fmb`   pfr pbotfrms rmoflgafs, hflf sm vã ogs dgzmoags afs igrýms am hgdâ, of Tg`m af [grgìig, ml qum sfirmssgb f oflm af hgtg`èf Cfsâ Lgrbg Tb``grfoeg. Tb``grfoeg. Qgpmtms Qgpmtms mrgl firbegtørbfs, m gs hfrtbogs sm amh`bogvgl ml amzmogs am tmhbafs mspmhìdbhfs. Mrg f `uegr ag mxbibåèf ag rbqumzg dglb`bgr m, tgliâl, afs trgig`nfs lgougbs dmlbobofs qum gafrogvgl boólmrfs pgobonfs m hmotrfs am lmsg ml rmoag m hrfhnã. G prmsmoåg am mspm`nfs, gquçrbfs m hrbstgbs agvg irb`nf gfs glibmotms m gfs pmrsfogemos qum om`ms hbrhu`gvgl. G`bçs, amsam f boìhbf af sâhu`f, Cfno Lgwm cç fismrvgrg g prfhurg pfr mspm`nfs pmqumofs fu ergoams vboafs ag Boe`gtmrrg, qum Xgbot-Nb`gbrm mohfotrfu gtâ ogs pgrmams am sg`gs of botmrbfr am Efbçs. Lghngaf am Gssbs rmdmrm-sm g ‐mspm`nfs am pgtghg“, ‐mspm`nbonfs“ hflprgafs g lgshgtms, og hgsg am emotm pfirm, moqugotf, ogs am emotm rbhg, m`ms mrgl ‐ergoams Z…\ firgs rbhgs m lgeoìdbhgs“ hfl ‐am`dbos mshu`pbafs m modmbtms am lgarmpârf`g“. Wugotf ës ergvurgs m gfs qugarfs qum gafrogrbgl gs pgrmams, gpmsgr am lmohbfogafs ofs bovmotçrbfs, oèf mrgl am ifg qug`bagam. [m`f lmofs dfb f qum ghnfu Lgrbg Ergngl3 ‐Ergvurgs m pboturgs, gs ó`tblgs fs pbfrms

ifrrýms qum ouohg vb, amhfrgvgl emrg`lmotm gs pgrmams. Nç, g`âl abssf, hruhbdbxfs m futrgs hfbsgs af eãomrf“. Qf``mogrm ghngvg lgbs3 qum of Irgsb` ‐f vmragambrf pbotfr oèf ghngrbg f qum dgzmr. Gs pmssfgs rbhgs gafrogl gs pgrmams am smus sg`ýms am g`eulgs ergvurgs: lgoagl-`nms ag Murfpg `btfergdbgs am hbohf drgohfs ml lf`aurgs am hbohf `uìsms“. @foem ags

 

hgpbtgbs gboag sm usgvgl hruhbdbxfs, blgemos sghrgs m frgtørbfs og pgrmam. Og smeuoag lmtgam af sâhu`f, vbrfu lfag hf`fhgr tm`gs sfirm hgvg`mtms fu ‐suspmoaã-`gs pfr erfssfs hfraâbs am smag drfuxg“. Hflf sui`bong Téobg Hgrombrf Hgrvg`nf, gfogambxgr igstbafrms ag hgsg, gg nbstfrbgafrg lu`nmr pgssfu g mxmrhmr sugamdmlbob`bagam sg`g fs am vbsbtgs, girb`ngotgoaf rmhmpåýms, hnçs, cgotgrms m g`lfåfs. M`g pfabg motèf abshfrrmr hfl ergåg sfirm tmlgs ag `btmrgturg, grtms, vbgemos, rflgohms m pfmsbg. [rfpbhbgvg ifg lósbhg ergågs gf pbgof, boabspmosçvm` bostrulmotf am vbrtufsbslf, of qug` ambxgvg rflgotbhglmotm mxprblbr fs smotblmotfs qum `nm bgl ë g`lg. Ofs qugrtfs, smags m afssâbs hfirbgl gs hglgs. F lfsqubtmbrf fu hfrtbogaf mrg firbegtørbf pgrg hfligtmr fs ‐lg`vgafs zuobafrms“, ergvgvg G`uìsbf Gzmvmaf. Ml 7>12, f b`ustrm lâabhf m pf`ìtbhf igbgof Cfsâ @bof Hfutbonf, ml hgrtg ë sug db`ng Hfrg sui`bongvg3 ‐Oèf amsprmzmbs g vfssg hglg qum, gpmsgr am oèf amvmr smr pgtmotm g tfaf f luoaf, hfotuaf, pfr vfssg prøprbg sgtbsdgåèf m am vfssf lgrbaf, fu ml gtmoåèf g g`eulgs pmssfgs am vfssg botblbagam, hfovâl smcg hñlfag m nfomstglmotm grrgocgag“. F qugrtf af hgsg`, mspgåf foam sm motrbohnmbrgvg g smxug`bagam hfocueg`, amvbg smr ul sgotuçrbf. G hglg, f g`tgr foam sm hm`mirgvg g rmprfauåèf. ‐]lg hglg am hgsgafs ‘ rmebstrgvg pgarm @fpms Eglg ‘ mrg ulg ibsgrlg hfl tgotfs rglfs motg`ngafs, hfl tgotfs hg`uoegs, pçssgrfs m gocfs qum mrg ul pgslgr.“ [fr hblg am`g vm`gvg, trbstm, ul hruhbdbxf. Nulfr, sø of rmh`glm am hf`hnýms3 ‐Frg If`gs… Hglgs, hf`hnýms! F glfr tml dfef â f abgif. Gtbåg. Wuml vã g mspbeg, `fef g… hfibåg. Xm gs lfågs sfuimssml m gs vm`ngs puamssml… Ifgs m sø`bags hglgs… abtgs hfl lmag`nèf gf hmotrf (=;$ m 4;$). Lgrqumsgs dfrtms pgrg hgsgabonfs am drmshf (99$ m 97$)… Hf`hnýms hfl `bonf dfrtm pgrg hgsgafs (74$,7>$ m 9;$) aurgl gtâ ghgigrml, amsam qum ml hblg am`ms… pfr hfotg irbohgrml…“ Ml lubtfs `uegrms af Irgsb`, smeubg-sm afrlboaf ml rmams. Ymams gpgrmhml ml lubtfs mspø`bfs, bod`uãohbg afs prblmbrfs lfrgafrms ag tmrrg. [fabgl smr am tgifhg, gs lgbs sblp`ms gtâ gs ifragags hfl g`lfdgags am Eublgrèms.

F cç hbtgaf Yfqumttm rmhflmoagvg qum ofs qugrtfs am lmobofs oèf nfuvmssm `uxf, lf`mzg fu dutb`bagam. M, sbl, `bvrfs, bostrulmotfs am mstuaf m ‐g`eulgs grlgs hurbfsgs“. Ofs afrlbtørbfs am lmobogs tglpfuhf pfabgl hgimr mxhmssfs. Ogag am lubtgs sgdmogs, hfrtbogs, eugrag-rfupgs hustfsfs, hfdrbonfs fu mshrìobfs. Ml `uegr am tgpmtms, mstmbrbongs! M ul lìoblf am

 

løvmbs m ficmtfs pgrg qum f pø oèf sm ghulu`gssm m pgrg qum dfssm ul ‐qugrtf nbebãobhf“. Hglg, abvè, hgambrg m tfuhgafr amvmrbgl smr pbotgafs og lmslg hfr3 rfsg fu afurgaf. [rfbibaf, sfirmtuaf, afrlbr hfl goblgbs. egibomtms Of lgshu`bofs, mstgotmspfr pgrg `bvrfs ngvbg m gs mshrbvgobongs mrglOfs firbegtørbgs. am Cfsâ amgsG`mohgr, mxmlp`f, lgpgs m ulg ‐pm`m am foåg“. Cç of ‐egibomtm am hfsturg“, mrgl blpmrgtbvgs gs lmsgs pgrg trgig`ngr, hgambrgs m smhrmtçrbgs pgrg g afog am hgsg goftgr sugs hflprgs, dgzmr hfotgs m movbgr hfrrmspfoaãohbg. [fr vmzms, ulg hngbsm `foeum hfovbagvg gf amshgosf fu gfs lflmotfs am lm`gohf`bg.

 @ustrms boe`msms gs hgsgs agamhfrgvgl m`btm.

 

I@GAM, Cfno. Ymprmsmotgtbfo Cfno. Ymprmsmotgtbfo fd tnm tnm tnrmm hmotrm arfppboe irgohnms. irgohnms. 7>;>. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\.

Ml lmgafs af fbtfhmotfs motrfu og lfag f løvm` irgsb`mbrf, fu smcg, g lgambrg oghbfog`. Ml cghgrgoaç fu futrgs lgambrgs ofirms, m`m pgssfu g frogr gs hgsgs pgtrìhbgs m g hflpmtbr vgotgcfsglmotm hfl fs blpfrtgafs. Fs prøprbfs lgrhmombrfs mstrgoembrfs, hflf fs drgohmsms Iârgoemr, pgb m db`nf, m f g`mlèf Xpbm`mr, hgpbtu`grgl abgotm ags vbrtuams ags lgambrgs trfpbhgbs. Tmrbdbhfu-sm, tgliâl, g sgìag am løvmbs irgsb`mbrfs, dmbtfs ml cghgrgoaç m vbonçtbhf pgrg g Murfpg. Hfotg Eb`imrtf Drmyrm qum fs ‐boe`msms qum, tmoaf ml g`tf gprmåf rm`øebfs irbtéobhfs am usf aflâstbhf, cuotgrgl g éoblf pgtrbøtbhf g galbrgåèf pm`f cghgrgoaç irgsb`mbrf. M tfrogrgl-sm pfssubafrms am rm`øebfs boe`msms hf`fhgafs amotrf am hgbxgs af lgbs ofirm cghgrgoaç“.

 

F cfef am hgrtgs rmtrgtgvg g m`btm  pf`ìtbhg. ZCmu am hgrtms g``mlgoa ë amux tãtms âabtâ pfur @m Irâsb`\3 Irâsb`\3 ZCmu am hgrtms, mstglpm\. 7>=9-7>5;. IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ AG DYGOÅG ZHF@@MHQBFO EMFYEMX LGYQMG]. YMH]MB@. HGYQMX Ë CF]MY\.

G

pgrtbr af lmgaf af sâhu`f ^B^, g bambg am sm abvmrtbr dfrg am hgsg m dfrg af trgig`nf egonfu ofvfs hfotfrofs. Xml aóvbag prfssmeubgl gs dmstgs af hg`moaçrbf rm`bebfsf fu gerìhf`g, hfl lflmotfs am prfhbssýms,

lósbhg, goblgåèf m lmslf amshfotrgåèf mxhmssbvg. mssg dfb gsmâpfhg afs igb`ms. Gn! Wugoaf oèf fs ngvbg, hnfvbgl qumbxgsLgs hflf gs qum `mml of oólmrf am 9= am amzmlirf am 7>=2 am F Mspm`nf3 Mspm`nf3 Oèf ghngl gs `mbtfrgs qum oml pgrmhm qum mstglfs ml abgs am dmstgs6 Oml ul igb`m goblg g hbagam og lfoftfobg ml qum cgz: oml ul abvmrtblmotf g amspmrtg amssg sfof`ãohbg ml qum nç tgotf gafrlmhm. Z…\ Abssm-lm ul glbef qum f gotbef pgvb`nèf af [grgìsf, foam tgotgs ofbtms vgbafsgs m rmhmoamoaf grflgs dgz-sm galbrgr g pgrtm m`megotm am ofssg sfhbmagam, vgb am ofvf girbr smus sg`ýms pgrg gs sfhbmagams am igb`m. F pgvb`nèf, gf qum ofs hfostg, ghng-sm galbrgvm`lmotm rmdfrlgaf, hfl efstf m m`meéohbg. Gssbl, ml irmvm, tmrmlfs g rmgåèf amssg gpgtbg qum ofs rfambg, qum hgosg m lgtg f mspìrbtf. Futrfrg hnglgags df`bgs, fs igb`ms trgzbgl g lgrhg mspmhìdbhg ag agoåg. Ml 7>>7, g pg`gvrg ‐igb`g“ amsbeogvg ulg rmuobèf dmstbvg ml qum sm

igb`gvg. ‐Igb`gag“ mrg ul igb`m pfpu`gr: ‐igb`gaf“, ul sboñoblf pgrg dgoagoef: ‐igb`grbhf“, ulg dmstg dglb`bgr: m ‐igb`mhf“, ul df`eumaf am lç qug`bagam. Gs ‐pgrtbags“ fu rmuobýms ofturogs, lfag blpfrtgag am [grbs, foam rmhmimu f oflm boe`ãs am rfut  , hfoermegvgl `mvgs mofrlms am hfovbagafs, vmstbafs og ó`tblg lfag, pgrg ulg rmuobèf luoagog. G`b, hfpf

 

ë lèf, sm hfovmrsgvg. F ficmtbvf6 Tmr m smr vbstf. ‐Dub pgssgr g ofbtm og hgsg am ^…“, sbeobdbhgvg tmr baf g ulg pgrtbag. Wugoaf rmuobg pfuhg emotm, m lmofs tulu`tufsg, mrg g sfbrâm sfbrâm,, og amdbobåèf am C.B. Yfqumttm3 ‐Z…\ ulg abvbsèf af mtmlpf mliushg qum gamsgdfef lgbfr pgrtm ag emotm, prmmohnbaf fhupgåýms amvmrms, m amsmodgaf og tmoaf hfovmrsgåèf m trgtfsugs am pmssfgs mstblçvmbs“.

Hmog am hgrogvg`. DYÎYMX, Qnbmrry. Xhîom am

Hgrogvg`.. 7>8=. Hgrogvg` IBI@BFQMHG OGHBFOG@ ZBHFOFEYGDBG\. ML3 AMIYMQ, CMGO-IG[QBXQM. TFRGEM  [BQQFYMXW]M MQ NBXQFYBW]M NBXQFYBW]M G] IYÂXB@. QFLM AM]^BÎLM. [. 85.

 

Gotms, mssm mrg f sblp`ms ‐smrèf“, pg`gvrg, gefrg, amshgrtgag, pfbs qum goagvg og ‐ifhg af vu`ef“. Amsam 7>44, surebrgl fs ‐sgrgus“. Om`ms, smeuoaf Yfqumttm, prmvg`mhbg g ‐hfovmrsgåèf am pmssfgs iml-hrbgags“. Wugoaf dg`gssm, Ouohg fs futrfs`mvgotgr fuvbgl. gFsvfz gssuotfs amvmrbglhfl smr smlprm amhmotmsg`euâl m nfomstfs. fu dgzã-`f emstfs mspg`ngdgtfsfs. Wumrmr ‐tmr rgzèf“ `mvgrbg f botmr`fhutfr gf ‐lfrtg` gifrrmhblmotf“. [grg drmqumotgr igb`ms, rmergs tbongl am smr rmspmbtgags. Fs rgpgzms amvmrbgl sm hf`fhgr ë abspfsbåèf ag smonfrg ag hgsg pgrg agoågr hfl gs ‐gigoafogags“, ‐smonfrgs amsprfvbags am dfrlfsurg m rbqumzgs“, mxp`bhgvg Yfqumttm. Gf hfovbagr qug`qumr aglg pgrg agoågr, ouohg amvmrbgl abzmr ‐[fam lm agr f prgzmr amstg agoåg6“, lgs sbl, ‐[fam lm agr g nforg amssg agoåg6“. G pg`gvrg ‐prgzmr“ pfamrbg rmvm`gr smeuoags botmoåýms! Ouohg fdmrmhmr g pg`lg ag lèf, lgs gs hfstgs3 ‐[frqum g ag smonfrg oèf amvm gssmotgr og af hgvg`nmbrf, lgs rmpfusgr sfirm m`g“. [grg gs lfågs, mrg firbegtørbf rmspmbtgr g framl ags hfotrgagoågs, ouohg pgssgoaf qug`qumr hgvg`nmbrf ë drmotm am futrf, dfssm m`m ‐vm`nf, dmbf fu hfxf“. Wum ambxgssml gs ‐gprmssgags“ hflmågr gs qugarb`ngs, pfbs g ‐vgbagam hustg lubtf“. M Yfqumttm gavmrtbg3 g lósbhg, gs `uzms, ‐f hfotgtf hfl pmssfgs am abdmrmotm smxf“ pfabg `mvgr g g`merbg g sm ‐tfrogr rubafsg, amshflmab-ag“. Bssf, ouohg! Hfovmrsgr hfl ul hgvg`nmbrf amshfonmhbaf aurgotm g agoåg6 Qgliâl amshgrtgaf! G aglg amvm gpmogs rmspfoamr ës pmreuotgs, am ‐lfaf ergvm“. Mvbtgr g tfaf hustf lg`mabhãohbgs m g hflpgonbg am ‐mshgrobågambrgs“ ‘  dfdfqumbrgs. Gs `uvgs sø mrgl rmtbrgags og nfrg am hflmr. Girgåfs m imbcfs lmslf hfl gs lm`nfrms glbegs mrgl am ‐lgu tfl“. Dg`gr smlprm igbxf m mvbtgr ‐qug`qumr amdmbtf fu rbaìhu`f“ ml sb lmslg mrg rmerg duoaglmotg`. Am dgtf, hflf rmebstrfu Cfsâ am G`mohgr sfirm g vbag hgrbfhg3 ‐G hfrtm tml lb` smauåýms qum grrmigtgl ul prfvbohbgof gfs smus nçibtfs Z…\, gssbl lm ghfotmhmu. Ymuobýms, tmgtrfs, gprmsmotgåýms ës oftgib`bagams pf`ìtbhgs, `btmrçrbgs m dbogohmbrgs am ul m futrf smxf: pgssmbfs gfs grrgig`ams, vbsbtgs am hmrblñobg: cgotgrms firbegafs. Ampfbs, hfoqubstmb fs dfrfs am hfrtmsèf m f abrmbtf am gifrrmhmr-lm ë vfotgam.“