Historia Critica de La Arquitectura Moderna

 

dhozh dho zhrrsa `alj ljh hota ch astr strh htafj fjh h la dr dra ahr aodchvas ljsdg ljsdgot otjjou oug gs5 as la lad djr jr,, irhf` f`a aotgs lacj` j`jjthlgs lg s ao cgs qu qua a pu pualh alh prav ravh hcada adarr djart rth h sj sj`n `njjgsjs ductur ucturhc hc y adg dgccôf ôfjjdh h la las spadmg lac dhg hgs s djrd rduo uolhot lhota. a. Ch pê pêrr lj ljlh la ch dj dju ulhl ijoj gnka atg ijojtth dg`g gnk DJ..  cturh DJ cturhcc sjfojij jijd dhtj htjv vg sjo lulh ax axp pcj cjdh dh ph phrr dj dj hc hc`aot ota a ch lacjdu cjduasd asdaod aodjjh lac paosh` paosh`jja ot ot g vh oofuhrljs rljsth y ac radg dgo ogdj`ja gdj`jaot otg g la qua ch hr hrq quj-

puala saphr pua hrhrs hrsa a lac prgdasg la mhd hda ar. Ês Êsa a as ac sjfojijdh sjfojij dhl lg la ch dgogd gdjlh jlh hijr`h ijr`hd djôo mad ma dmh pgr @jas la qua «Lj Ljg gs as asttè ao cgs latsctasµ. Ch ravgccudjôo vg têd êdojd ojdh h la cgs ûctj` ûctj`gs gs dj dja ao høgs as, pgrr thotg pg otg, `ès qu qua a uo uoh h ravgcu cud djôo `arh`aota têd êdo ojdh dh.. La mad adm mg, ch tad og og cg fà fà h `g la laroh roh og sô sô-cg sjr va va ph rh rh ra rasg sgccva varr prgnc prgnca a`hs duhotjthtjv tjvgs y adgoô` ad goô`jjdgs gs,, sjog qua, njao aotaoljlh otaoljlh,, puala hyu hy ulh lh` `gs h raa`p a`pcchzhr cgs `gtjvgs lavhcuh uh--

tad adtur turh h yh og puala jota jotarrva vaoj ojrr h asdhch fc fcg gnhc. Ac vhd hdààg lakhlg pgr ouastrh jodhphd odhphdjjlh lhl l phrh mhdarr rah mhda ahcjl cjlhl hl uo uog g s è `nj `njttgs urnh nho ogs dc dch hrh` h`a aota la laijoj ijojlgs, lgs, kuo uottg dgo chs jostjtu ostjtudj djgo goa as qua ao su `g`a g`ao otg aodhrohrgo hrohrgo,, as astu tuv vg gductg mhsth mhd hda a ra raccht htjv jvh` h`a aot ota a pg pgdg dg lanjl njlg g h ch chs s jc jcus usjg jgoa oas s gptj tj`j `jst sths hs la lacc ur urnh nhoj ojs` s`g g gp gpar arht htjv jvg g, u oh oh l jsd jsdjjpcjo pcjo h d hs hsj pg pgs sjtjvjst jsth h duyh aij aijdhd dhdjh jh ao ch fa fast stjjôo la ch adgog`àh dgosu su`j `js sth lapaolà olàh h la lacc `ho `ho-taoj ta oj`ja `jaot otg g la djarth jolji ljia araodj djh h mhd hdjjh ch igr`h ductur du cturhc hc.. Ir Irao aota ta h as astg tg,, ac aodch chva va urnh nho og sa rahijr`h jr`h hmgrh dg`g uoh astrh trhtafj fjh h hct cta arohtjvh y ihd hdtjn tjncc a, a, l hl hlg ac ir irhd hdhs hsg g la lacc ur urnh nhoj ojs` s`g dg dg`g `g prèdt èdtjjdh la pr prgy gyad adth thrr. Tj Tjo o a`n a`nhrfg fg,, ac aodchva as tho sô sôccg uo  qu quê ê pgtaodjh pgtaodj hc ao uo u o `g`aotg ao qu qua a ch hrqujtad rqujtadtur turh h mh la hlgpth thrr uoh ou ouav avh h pg pgs sjdjôo dg dgo o ac ijo la dgo gosa sarrvh vhrr djar djartg tg sa saot otjl jlg g la dg dgotj otjou oujjlh lhl l y prg rg-iuoljlhl ao rachd hdjjôoD 2o 2o ac dg dgo ota tax xtg fcgnhc. Dgo gnk nka atg la ccaf ccafh hr h uo `êt `êtglg glg fao faoa arhc vjhnca ph phrh rh ac akar ardjdj djdjg g dg`p `pca catg tg la ch hrquj hrqujta tad dturh turh,, hc  dô`g dô`g   sa ca lana dg dgo odal alar ar ch `j `js` s`h h dht hta afgr fgrààh. Mhyuo `g` `g `aot otg g -dg`g mh sa saøh øhch chlg lg Mh Mhos os Talc`hyr `hyr-ao ac qu qua a ac cufh cufhrr y ch prg prglu ludd ddjjôo sa iuo iuol lao phrh lhr ph phs sg h as ash h duhcjlh cjlhl l la lacc dh dhrè rèd dtar la ch qua radjnj jnj`gs ou ouast astrrh j la laotjlh jlhl. Dg `g a sd sdrjnàh DmrjsDmrjstjho tjh o Og Ogrrnarf arf--Td Tdmuc mucz z ao su as asttul uljjg la ch g nr nrh l a Rgrtgfmasj rtgfmasj y Fjf jfccjg jgtttj, Hc/h Hc/h rjd ar ar dh dh lacc hrdmjt mjta attu ttu-rh parluth rluth  8:  8:61 61)),

lgs lac mjs jsttgr grjjdjs`g dgo igr` gr`h hs qua dgo goiijarho dhrrèdtar h ou dh ouast astrrg aotgr otgro og y, la asta `glg, cg ccava ccavao o h dg dgo ova varrtjrsa ao uo hutêot hutêotjjdg cufh cufhrr.

@j @ja aotrhs otrhs qu qua a ch grfhojzhd jzhdjjôo asphd hdjjhc pual ala a lasd asdrjnjr rjnjrsa sa sjo mhd hda ar raiara arao odjh h uoh sgcud cudjôo têd êdoj ojd dh dgodrath drath,, ac d hr hr èd èd ta ta r p gs gsjnca`aota og

Ac va vacc g dg dgo o qua ch igtgcjtgfr cjtgfrh hiàh dunr nra a ch hr hrqu qujjtadt dtur urh h og as oautr oautrh hc. Cgs prgda dasgs sgs igtgfr igtgfrè èijdgs y rap raprgl rglu udtj dtjv vgs la hct cth h vacgd gdjl jlh hl sgo dg dgo o sa safu fu-rjlhl og sô sôccg ch ad adgog`à gog`àh h pg pgccàtj tjdh dh la lacc sjfog sjfog,, sjog th` h`n njêo uo j osj osjlj ljgs gsg g ij ijcctrg h trhv trhvê ês la c duhc ouastrrg ao ouast aotg tgrrog tèd èdtj tjcc tjaola h parla rlarr su rada adap ptjvjlhl lhl.. Duh Duho olg sa tja tjao oa ch ax axp parj rja aodjh ljradth la frh o phrta la cgs alji jijjdjgs `gla larogs rogs,, su dhc hcjjlhl igtg igtgfêo fêojjdh qualh l as as`aotjlh pgr ch pgn gnrrazh y ch nruth uthcj cjlh lhl l l a c gs gs l at hcc hccas as.. Qoh y gtrh vaz, uoh ax axmj mjn njdjôo dhrh y gs gsttaot otg gsh la astru trud dtur turh h g ig igrr `h `h sa tr trh hlu luda da ao ac a`pg pgnr nradj adj`j `ja aotg la ch jotj jotj` `jlhl lhl55 ao cg qu qua a Majlaffa jlaffarr mh ra radg dgo ogdjlg dj lg dg`g ch pê pêrrlj ljl lh la ch  da darrdhoàh hoàh  . Xuê Xuê rhrg as aod aodg gotr trh hr uo uoh h gn gnrrh `g `gl laroh roh ao ch qua ch joicaxjôo la uoh ta tadtô dtôoj ojdh dh ac acaf afjj lh lh pa pao oat atrra ao cgs c ufh ufhrr as as `ès rad adôo ôolj ljtg tgs s la ch as astr trud udtturh, og dg`g dg `g uo uoh h iu iua arzh tg tgth thcj cjz zhlgrh hlgrh,, sjog dg `g c h l aadcjohd ohdjjôo la uoh saosjnj njcjl cjlhl hr hrttjd jduchlh uchlh.. Xu a c h sgdjjalhl `g la sgd laroh pg pgsa saa a tglh lhvàh vàh djarth dh dhph phd djlhl phrh sa` sa`ak akh hota joic joica axjôo qualh dg dgoi oijjr`hlg a o c hs hs `akgr gras as gn gnrrhs la Hhctg tg.. Yjstg nh nhkkg asth cuz, ac hrta la ch hrq rqu ujtadtu tadturrh sa dgovjarta -dg` -dg `g cg axprash Jfoh ohs sj la Tgch ch-@grhcas -@grhcas-- ao uoh as asp pad adjja la  ra rasa sarv rvh h la rah uo cufhr cufhr rahccjlhl jlhl  ; lgol lg ola a ac mg`n g`nrra hû hûo o pu pual ala a aodgo gotr trh hr rapgsg `httarj `h rjh hc y as aspjrjtu pjrjtuh hc5 uoh suarta la aodchv hva a dh dh-phz la rasjst stjjr, d g`g hcfg ljst lasttrud rudttjljstjo jotg tg,, hc las vg hshct ctg g la ch `gla glaroj rojz zhd hdjjôo ta tad dogcôf ôfjjdh dh..

c h hr q u j t ad t u r h ao c h ar h l a c h fcgnh fcgnhcjz cjzhd hdjô jô o ; 6  t g p gfrhiàh `grigcgfàh sgstao sgstao jnjc jnjcjj lh lhl l   `h `htt ar arjj hc hcjj lhl   dàvjdh vjdh 8: 8:61 61 >2 >226 26   ig r`h dà

Ch fcgn cgnh hcjzhdjôo lac dh dhpjt pjth hc as, pg pgrr su supu pua ast stg g, hcfg asp spu urjh. Tjo a`nhrf `nhrfg g, as uoh j`pgrt rth hot ota a joogvhdjôo jl jla agcôfj fjd dh. Ac sjsta`h dhpjt hpjth hcjst cjsth h suira suir a uo uoh h aspadja la `ut `uthdjô hdjôo o la su igr` r`h h asaodjhc, duyh duc` uc`jjohdjô ohdjôo o saràh ch dg dg` `pcath taôrjdh) dhpjt pjth hcjcj-zhd hdjô jôo o la ch oht ohturh urhccazh azh,, ao ch qua yh og quala è`njtg hcfuog qua sa sah h ax axttarog hc dh dhpjt pjth hc. Astg aqujvh jvhcca h supgo pgoa ar qu qua a og ax axjjsta uoh ohtu hturrhca caz zh axta taro roh. h. Ch j`hfao yh og as êsh la @hrx (g la cgs adgog`jsth sths s dcèsj sjd dgs) ao ch qua cgs saras mu`h mu`h-o gs gs h dtûh dtûho o sgnra ch ohturhcaz azh h axtaroh phrh prgludjr vh vhccgr. @ès njao as uo uoh h j`hfa j`hfao o ao ch.qua cgs ljva jvarrsgs aca`ao a`aottgs la c h o ht hturh rhccaz azh h jodcuyaolg ch ohtur turhcaz azh h mu mu` `hoh) as astè tèo o ac/ c/g g s `j s` s`gs dgljij gljij-dhlgs dg`g dhpjthc thc.. Ch oht ohtu urh rhccaz azh h as dh dhpjt pjth hc g, `ès njao, ch ohturh hturhccaz azh h sa dgod jna h ch j` j`h hfao lac dhpjthc. Ch côfjdh lac sj st sta`h as, puas puas,, ac sg`atj`jaot aotg g la tglgs cgs aca`aot otg gs la ch ch «oaturaca turacaz za dgos osjjla larrhlh dg`g dg` g da dapjt pjta acµ h ch ijo ijoh hcjcjl lhl la ch raprgl glud udd djôo axttaol ax aoljjlh lac dhpjthc. Jo`al o`aljjhth`aot th`aota a surfao ljijdu duccthlas taô aôrjdhs rjdhs dg`g rasucthlg lac madmg la qua ês êstth as uoh jotafrh jo tafrhd djôo iuo iu odjgohc ao nuaoh phrta j`hfjohrjh. Ch rat ratô ôrjdh radhcdh ch hr`g `goj ojz zhd hdjjôo y ch gpt gptj`j j`jzh zh-djôo5 ch rahcjcjlhl lhl as lasgrl sgrla ao y d go go icj icjd dtg tg.. Dg`g gnsarv gnsa rvh h Nhulrjc/ rjc/hrl hrl,, «tglg as pgtaodjh odjhc` c`a aota ota iuodj uodjg gohc y o hl hlh cg as la oad ad   gµ Lgs iuaotas la dgotr otrh hljdd ljddjjgoas sgo jomaraotas hc prg rgd dasg la ch dhp hpjth jthcjcjzhd zhdjjôo la ch ductur turh h, cg q ua ua o gs gs pr prgp gpgrdj grdjg goh kustji ustjijjdhdjgoa jgoas s phrh prgp prgpg goar uo dh dh` `njg qua phsa la uoh par parsp spad adtjv tjvh h jolustrj jolustrjh hc h gtr trh h adgcôfj fj-dh y `hrxjst jsth h la ch prgl glu udd ddjjôo, lac «ava avaotu otuh hcµ a «joav avjt jta anc nca aµ oûolj olj`j `ja aot otg g lacc dhp la dhpjt jth hcjs`g js`g,, y dg dgo o accccg g la chs dgr dgrccljd ljdjjgoas la hc hcfuo uoh h dchsa la sgdjhcjs js` `g. Ch prj` prj`a arh kustjij ijdhd dhdjjôo as ac madm g l a qua ac pc pch hoath as ` ht htarj rjh hc` c`a aota ijojt jtg g, uo uoh h sjtu jtuhd hdjôo jôo qua pgoa cà cà` ` jtas t as njgià jgiàs sjdgs hc pr prgda gdasg sg la hdu`uas chd hdjjôo. Ch safuol afuolh h -qu -qua a sjo sj oêrfj êrfjd dh dg dgo o ch prj`arrh- as a c mad `a adm mg la qua ac dh dhp pjth thcc og dg dgotr otrg gch y og pu pua ala dgotrg gotrgcchr ch raprglu raprgludd ddjjôo y `g `glji ljijd jdhhdjôo la chs dgoljdjgo goa as «oatur scasµ la prgl glu uddjôo lac `js`g `gl `glg g qu qua a pr pra ataol ola a rafu fucchr ch prglu prg ludd ddjjôo la nj nja aoas jolustr jolustrjjhc hca as.

«cs Dh Dhpjt pjth hcjs js` `

 

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Cgs ljvarsg sgs s ia iao oô`aogs qu qua a hdg hdg` `phøho h ch fcg cg-nhcj nh cjzhd zhdjôo jôo as asttèo astr trad adm mh` h`a aot ota a hsgdjhl gdjhlgs gs hc àolj àolj-da sja`pr `pra a dra drad djaot ota a la ch dg`uo g`uojjdhd dhdjôo jôo taca`ètjdh y hc jodra dra` `aot otg g dg dgo osthot ota a la cg cgs s vuacgs jotardg tardgo otjo joa aothcas. Dg`g dg dgo osad sadu uaodjh la acig, ac akard ardjjdjg prgias asjjgo gohc hc la ch hrqu rqujjtad adtur turh h as hdtu hdtuh hc`aotta tho fcgnhc dg`g cgd `ao cgdhc hc,, dg dg`g `g pgl gla a`gs kuzfhrr h phr fh hrtj tjrr la cgsdêca gsdêcanr nras as hrquj hrqujttadtgs jotarohd rohdjjgohcas qua dhl dhlh h vazhd vazhdtû tûh ho `ès ao tgl glg g ac `u `uo olg lg,, ao ras aspu puas astth ljradt radth h hc icuk g la chs jov jovarsjgo goas as la dhpjth hpjthc. c. Ouastrh trh susdaptjn ptjnjjcjlh jlhl hdtuh uhcc h chs j`è `è-faoasas oasasp pad adth thd duchrasas thc qua m g y ao ao là l àh ch raputhdjôo h as asdh dhcch `u `uo oljhc la uo hr hrqu qujt jtad adttg sa lan lana a thot otg g h su thcaot thcaotg g jdgogfr ogfrè èijd jdg g dg dg` `g h su dh dhp phd hdjjlhl gr grfh fho ojzh zhttjvh y/g têd êdojdh ojdh.. Ast sta a ia iao oô`a og la è`n `njjtg `u `uol oljh jhcc sa mh laog` og`jjohl ohlg g ac «aia aiadtg dtg Njc jc-nhgµ, nhg µ, hduøhlg pgr ac `gl g a o q ua ua, h cg chr hrfg fg la cgs høg høgs s 8::2 ::2   djul ulh hlas la è`n `njt jtg g p rg rgvjodjhc rj rjvhvhcjzhnho uo uohs hs dg dgo o g tr trhs pgr tao aoar ar uo aljijd ljijdjjg prg prgyad adtthl g p gr gr a c dê dêccanr nra a hrqu hrqujjta tad dtg ogrta rtah`a `arrjdhog Irhoe Irho e G. Famr mry y, ao fr frh ho `aljl ljlh h ir iru utg la ch hd hdcch`hdjôo `aljèt ljètjjdh dgo goda dal ljlh h su saosh shd djgohc @usag @usa g Fuff Fuffao aom maj` aj`,, rahcj hcjzh zhlgao lgao Nj Njcn cnhgao hgao 8: 8:: :1 Lurhota ch l êd êdh lh lh q ua sjfu fujjô h asta tr juo juoig ig,, ac hcdh dho oda la chs dacanr anrjjlh la la s hrqu qujjtadtô tadtôo ojdhs sa h`p `pcj cjô ô jodg odgo o`aosurhn hncca`aota,   cgs hrqujtadtgs

494

 

Famry ry,, @usa @usag g Fuffaoma majj`, Nj Njccnhg, 8::1.

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roarquaajoa Yajalu rrrrjjjrujrr uj rrrrjrrj` u|Yrr¢u lu anru. Aj jraaop ajqu pur-u3|r'µ|j.,u lu `` jo r|ur,rou|u

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Jjijy/| juujr pjuojrj pu-rour rjhcj rjhcjzhlh zhlh arqujjarj arqu jjarjrura rura paru Yaaaa ajaoa aapaajlal uruuroorr Y ur|rororor|rrr ja jarroa a|Yjua ma qualar` lurruorj`rju oo Yruuur qauaraoaa rra sêjd par Og||v|8J,s|||r|||||||||mb||||?r|| Ihstar Haaaarajaa. sgnra `la go Jo rouljujuj .urj j`uaaa darra l'Hr8 au juj`aa, lu 8::4, uo jjj quu urra aaauaoaju aujlalpaaroauja urr|uur,|ru|u lu asphdjgs pupjjaua, `ora laoj` aurrru juurrr, rourrr, jra qua puala lacaolarsa aora jh jourrujouojuj praaarraja la ja jvjajaao darraa rarourrar, rjuu jjuju asru u uu uurq rq ajo ajouuj uujur, ur, u la uaropaa la Hufuaju. ho asr uoa l a `a rrrajarrajaa `ularrrua roaa laaroujuou pjhog, u`. ja jjralua, uauarajaorarrra aj vjlrja aa rraruajar ajar ajvjaa ajvjaa `aljarrja uo plrtjdg la aaouj jrara rraru chs aajurooaa la jupa la aaara. dgjodhlg j`oja jua jjorjjaa la urra pchz pchzhh pupj pupjjarr. jarr. sjrrrj sjrrrjjara jaraaa aiaa`a aiaa`a raajlojaaa rrraourrraruujua aaraararjrurr jh #uolarruo daruar, jarujroarrra aarja jajala, aurrajrujrja pgr |S|uuYa| arr Rarja (`hj, a joajuau jaajurraa la lapaajrg la jjprua aprr rourua aarjjrru uujuualaa arr jaa ouhcrg aaqujoaa la ja jsjojjujaaa Oaajr`uj la Rrarraja, uaropjajala go Rhrjs aafurr aj praYaura lg Larroorqua Rarraujj urj 8::1. Huoqua ja rjjappajajurr la uarpa lapuajraa ror`uroarrrajaa raauarla dgosdjaota`aotd ja ap` Yja Yjajp jprr rrar arra ra la djarrla-Ojapjaa Caluux jvaaoau pafs. 81-89),aJmadmd la qua aajao hdrjsthjslhs Y par aau jarrfao qua aarar iurralpa dgo paaupr-ra qrrajqrrua la joulara aprr aj ijo la praraqur jaa jjnrpa laj Tuj araauqua Jh jararrra apajjrraajlo oruja rr

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Chs lêdhlhs phsho rèpjlh`aota. Z sj chs ush`gs dg`g uojlhlas la tja`pg phrh raicakhr cgs dh`njgs ao ch ducturh y, pgr thotg, ao ch hrqujtadturh, mhy qua radgogdar qua ogs aodgotrh`gs h ijohcas la cgs :2. ·Xuê jotarasas mho pravhcadjlg h cg chrfg la asth lêdhlh7

Rglràh ladjrsa qua êsth mh sjlg uoh lêdhlh lg`johlh pgr ch irhf`aothdjôo. As djartg qua irhf`aothdjôo as uo dgodaptg la`hsjhlg h`pcjg. Z sgy th`njêo dgosdjaota la cg htrhdtjvh qua rasucth mgy ch vjsjôo irhf`aothlh la ch rahcjlhl, duholg chs djaodjhs sgo jodhphdas la asthncadar uo `glacg uojthrjg dgo ac qua dgota`pchr ch ohturhcazh y duholg ch sgdjalhl ogs iuarzh `ès y `ès h uoh ljvarsjlhl qua phrada mhdar joavjthnca ch raiaraodjh h uo `uolg irhf`aothlg, rgtg. Irhf`aothdjôo as mgy phrh ogsgtrgs uoh `atèigrh qua ao têr`jogs la igr`h ogs hyulh h lasdrjnjr ch rahcjlhl qua ogs rglah y, pgr thotg, vjaolg chs dgshs la asta `glg, uog sa saotjràh jodcjohlg h ladjr qua uoh hrqujtadturh irhf`aothlh raicakh ac `uolg dgota`pgrèoag, dhyaolg uoh vaz `ès ao ch joavjthnca trh`ph lac zajtfajst  phrh   phrh kustjijdhr ouastrg trhnhkg. Ta aotjaola ch htrhddjôo qua tjaoa ch `atèigrh. Ac `uolg h ouastrg hcralalgr as matargfêoag y rgtg. Ohlh sufjara uojlhl. Cgs asdrjtgras ao sus taxtgs y cgs pjotgras dgo sus cjaozgs y dgostruddjgoas, sa radraho ao `gstrhrogs uo phogrh`h lasdg`puastg y lasdgyuothlg ao ac duhc sa dhpturh uoh rahcjlhl irhf`aothlh. ·Rgr quê cgs hrqujtadtgs og saràh`gs dhphdas la mhdar cg `js`g7 Rgr gtrh phrta, dgo caotjtul parg th`njêo dgo dgosthodjh, asth irhf`aothdjôo phrada mhnarsa ljsuactg ao uoh ht`ôsiarh `ès faoarhc qua radch`h uo `uolg sjo igr`h, dhrhdtarjzhlg pgr ch icujlaz, pgr ch husaodjh la ngrlas, pgr ac dgosthota dh`njg, lgola ch hddjôo as `ès j`pgrthota qua duhcqujar gtrh duhcjlhl. Ch hddjôo mh phshlg h sar uo vhcgr ao sà `js`g. Hcfg qua og oadasjth la uo aspadàijdg tahtrg. Dg`g rasucthlg la thc lajijdhdjôo la ch hddjôo, ch asdaoh hrqujtadtôojdh sa mh dgovartjlg ao hcfg joljiaraota, jodcusg `a htravaràh h ladjr, ao hcfg qua dgosdjaota`aota raouodjh h cgs htrjnutgs. Ch ihothsàh mgy ogs ccavh h uo `uolg ao ac qua ch igr`h dg`g dhtafgràh astè husaota. Dg`g dgosaduaodjh, ch hrqujtadturh dgota`pgrèoah sa laijoa h sà `js`h K dg`g hcfg rgtg, ljsdgotjoug, quanrhlg y irhf`aothlg ao ac pgcg gpuastg, dg`g johpraosjnca, joasthnca, icujlg y`ès sjo igr`h. Ch asdaoh as j`pradjsh y pgdg g, laijojlh. Og sgch`aota ao ac hcfg saotjlg ijfurhlg sjog ao ac saotjlg cjtarhc, Jh hrqujtadturh phrada jotarashrsa mgy g njao pgr igr`hs rgths y irhf`aothlhs g njao pgr taxturhs, hrtjijdjgs y raicaxjgoas. Jodcusg ch jlah lac aljijdjg ao duhotg thc astè mgy sg`atjlh h ljsdusjôo. Cgs gràfaoas la ch irhf`aothdjôo sgo jodjartgs. Hcfuohs pjsths hdardh la cg qua pglràh aotaolarsa dg`g igr`h rgth sa lakhrgo var ao ac trhnhkg la uo hrtjsth dg`g Fjucjg ^g`hog, g `ès thrla ao gnrhs lac hrqujtadtg Ijsdmar vgo Archdm ao uo prgyadtg dg`g Ehrcsejrdma. Rarg phrh ouastrgs prgpôsjtgs, ch prj`arh dchrh `uastrh la irhf`aothdjôo ch aodgotrh`gs ao cgs ljnukgs la Rjrhoasj phrh ac Dh`pg @hrzjg. Ao accgs mhy uo dchrg aotaolj`jaotg la cg qua sjfojijdh ch sa lastruddjôo uojlhl parsafujlh tho lacjnarhlh`aota lasla ac ^aohdj`jaotg. @udmhs vadas mh josjstjlgla ao hquacch qua cg qua Rjrhoasj nusdhnh arh ch cjnarhdjôo la ch igr`h. \hiurj mh asdrjtg mar`gshs y cu`jogshs pèfjohs sgnra Rjrhoasj y og drag qua sah pradjsg dg`patjr dgo cg qua êc ljda. Hsà as qua djthrê h Rjrhoasj ao su lasdrjpdjôo la cgs ljnukgs lac D Dh`pg h`pg @hrzjg. "Ac aoduaotrg la cgs grfhojs`gs jo`arsgs ao uo `hr la irhf`aotgs igr`hcas ljsuacva jodcusg ch `a`grjh cakhoh la ch djulhl dg`g cufhr la ch Igr`h". ("Cg sdgotrg lafcj grfhojs`j j``arsj jo uo `hra lj irh``aotj igr`hcj, ljssgcva hodma ch pjú cgothoh `a`grjh lacch djttâ dg`a cugfg lacch igr`h" ). ). Iraota h duhcqujarh la chs varsjgoas la ch djulhl y pgr thotg la ch hrqujtadturh dg`g ohturhcazh, Rjrhoasj aoihtjzh su

hrtjijdjhcjlhl prgludjaolg uoh dgcjsjôo la igr`hs y ijfurhs quala aochs `glg hcfuog pualao sar aotaoljlhs dg`g uo tglg grfèojdg. –Ch axhsparhlh –Ch hrtjduchdjôo y laigr`hdjôo dg`pgsjdjgoas og partaoada yh h uo hrs dg`njohtgrjh.. Ac aoduaotrg la chs `ôohlhs fag`êtrjdhs yh og astè rafuchlg pgr uoh hr`goàh dg`njohtgrjh praasthncadjlh". Cg qua Rjrhoasj prataola as mhdar `hojijastg ac ohdj`jaotg, oadashrjg y tarrgràijdg, la uo hrqujtadtg qua trhnhkh `ès hccè lac sjfojijdhlg, iuarh la duhcqujarh qua sah sjsta`h sj`nôcjdg y hkaog h ch `js`h hrqujtadturh. Rjrhoasj lasdunrjô cg qua \hiurj mh cch`hlg –hutgrjtâ –hutgrjtâ lac cjofuhffjg‐, cjofuhffjg‐, ch hutgrjlhl lac caofuhka. Ac gnkatjvg as `gstrhr "ch hnsgcuth hrnjtrhrjalhl la ch asdrjturh hrqujtadtôojdh, su aspadàijdh dgoljdjôo qua ch mhda sar pgr dg`pcatg hkaoh h duhcqujar grjfao ohturhc". Ch jlah la dgmaraodjh, ch jlah la igr`h grfèojdh, qualh la`gcjlh la uoh vaz pgr tglhs. Rhrh njao g phrh `hc, ac sjfcg ]J] gcvjlô ac prgfrh`h la Rjrhoasj. Tu pgsjtjvjs`g ccavô h ch nûsqualh la rafchs y ogr`hs, hnholgoholg hquacch hosjgsh parsadudjôo la ch cjnarthl igr`hc qua hphradàh ao ch gnrh la Rjrhoasj. Cgs taôrjdgs la hrqujtadturh sa sjotjargo htrhàlgs pgr chs ogr`hs y chs rafchs la dg`pgsjdjôo y, dg`g rasucthlg, ch hrqujtadturh lac sjfcg ]J] puala varsa mgy dg`g uoh dgcaddjôo la tjpgs. \ho sôcg qujzès 8

 Asta aoshyg as uoh hlhpthdjôo la ch dgoiaraodjh prgouodjhlh ao ch Asduach la Ljsaøg la ch Qojvarsjlhl la Mhrvhrl ao Ianrarg la 8::=, y puncjdhlh ao ch ravjsth Mhrvhrl Lasjfo @hfhzjoa, @hfhzjoa, ao ac varhog la 8::=, pp. 68-61. 8 

 

hcfuogs hrqujtadtgs jofcasas sa jotarashrgo pgr cg pjotgrasdg, sjaolg hccà lgola ch jlah la irhf`aothdjôo sgnravjvjô. Rarg ao hquac pjotgrasqujs`g cg qua pravhcadàh ao rahcjlhl arh uoh jolucfaota vhcgrhdjôo la chs duhcjlhlas vjsuhcas, lholg cufhr h uoh hrqujtadturh ao ch qua ch `hsh la cgs aljijdjgs sa rg`pa y irhf`aoth, ao uo jotaotg la hdardhrsa h ch ljvarsjlhl la ch ohturhcazh qua, pgr gtrh phrta, hcakhnh la duhcqujar taothdjôo la `gstrhr ao cg dgostrujlg ch iuarzh la ch hutgrjlhl g ac pglar. Ch irhf`aothdjôo vuacva h hphradar dgo raogvhlh aoarfàh hc dg`jaozg lac sjfcg ]]. La ouavg cgs pjotgras sarèo cgs `ès saosjncas h asth dgrrjaota. Ruala mhnchrsa la irhf`aothdjôo ao `udmhs la chs gnrhs la ch prj`arh vhofuhrljh, ao gnrhs dunjsths, dgostrudtjvjsths, oagpcèstjdhs, lhlhàsths, atd. Ch vjsjôo uojthrjh qua prgpgrdjgohnh uoh tagràh grfèojdh la ch igr`h, y h ch qua lhnh iuarzh ac usg la ch parspadtjvh dg`g ûojdg jostru`aotg la raprasaothdjôo, qualô aotgodas laijojtjvh`aota hnholgohlh pgr cgs pjotgras. Cgs

hrqujtadtgs jo`aljhth`aota sjfujargo su aka`pcg y la hmà qua ohlja pualh sgrpraolarsa sj ush`gs ac têr`jog irhf`aothdjôo duholg mhnch`gs la Ca Dgrnusjar, ^jatvacl, g jodcusg ao hcfuogs prgyadtgs la uo hrqujtadtg thc dg`g @jas. Dg`g ^gnjo Avhos mh saøhchlg, ac trhnhkg la hrqujtadtgs thcas Tdmhrguo y Hhctg saràh dg`pcath`aota jodg`praosjnca sjo ch jlah la irhf`aotg. La hmà qua quaph jodcusg ac ladjr qua ac `glarojs`g, qua taolrè su hpgfag ao cgs 12, dgovjrtjêolgsa ao ac caofuhka la chs jostjtudjgoas, sa sjrvjô la ch irhf`aothdjôo huoqua iuasa la uoh `hoarh asdgoljlh y dh`uichlh. Ch irhf`aothdjôo hphrada la `hoarh thofjnca ao hcfuohs gnrhs la Cgujs Ehmo, dg`g ac @gohstarjg phrh chs Lg`jojdhs, y `ès thrla sarè uo ljsdàpucg suyg, ^gnart Yaoturj, qujao ogs aosaøh h hpradjhr ao ch hrqujtadturh qua ogs rglah chs hog`hcàhs y cgs aoduaotrgs, chs dgcjsjgoas y chs rupturhs. Dhna ladjr qua ch duastjôo la ch irhf`aothdjôo aotrô ao ac ljsdursg hdhlê`jdg dgota`pgrèoag ao 8:=8 dgo ac cjnrg Dgcchfa Djty , ac trhnhkg la Dgcjo ^gwa v Iral Egattar, Dgjodjljaolg dgo hcfuogs puotgs lac taxtg la Yaoturj y dgogdalgras prgnhnca`aota lac trhnhkg la cgs hrqujtadtgs jthcjhogs hsgdjhlg dgo ch taolaodjh, ^gwa y Egattar dacanrho ch hog`hcàh y sa radraho ao ch rupturh la chs ogr`hs asthncadjlhs pgr ch `glarojlhl grtglgxh. Cgs gkgs la ^gwa sgo sjo lulh cgs gkgs la hcfujao qua ljsiruth dgo ac phjshka la ch mjstgrjh; as ao acch lgola aoduaotrh qua ch hrqujtadturh astè joavjthnca`aota dhrfhlh la sjfojijdhlg jlagcôfjdg, raspgoljaolg dgo êc h chs josthodjhs la ch sgdjalhl. Cg qua ^gwa hpraoljô la ch mjstgrjh, lac phogrh`h la ch mjstgrjh qua sa hnràh hota sus gkgs, prgotg dg`aozô h dgovartjrsa ao `htarjhc utjcjzhnca ao chs asduachs. Ch irhf`aothdjôo qua ^gwa ogs mhnàh aosaøhlg h var ao ch pchoth la ch djulhl hotjfuh sa dgovjrtjô ao jostru`aotg; cgs hrqujtadtgs dg`aozhrgo h ihothsahr dgo ch jlah la qua arh pgsjnca `hojpuchr ac tja`pg. Ch irhf`aothdjôo, pgr thotg, dg`g phrhljf`h la ch ijddjôo la pglar mhdar y `hojpuchr ch mjstgrjh. @uy høgs 62, chs têdojdhs mjstgrjdjsths la ^gwa yljradth Egattary qualhrgo rèpjlh`aota gcvjlhlhs aopgpuchras cgs høgs ao =2.cgs Gnvjh`aota qujaoas vjargo ch irhf`aothdjôo cjtarhc dg`g uo ouavg avhofacjg, asthnho rahddjgoholg h cgs axdasgs lac pgst-`glarojs`g. Rrgotg ch irhf`aothdjôo sa aotaoljô dg`g uoh ouavh varsjôo lac `glarojs`g ta`prhog. Dràtjdgs dg`g Nruog [avj mhnàho dgotjouh`aota radch`hlg ch rupturh la ch dhkh, duyh dgostruddjôo arh ch thrah la ch `hygr phrta la cgs hrqujtadtgs ao hquaccgs høgs. Z sgnra hquaccgs hrqujtadtgs jotarashlgs ao ch irhf`aothdjôo sa vgcdhrgo cgs gkgs la cgs astuljhotas y dràtjdgs qua nusdhnho asdhphr lac pgst-`glarojs`g. Rrgnhnca`aota ohlja raprasaothnh asth hdtjtul `akgr qua Irhoe Famry. Og drag qua sah axhfarhlg ladjr qua cgs høgs =2 y prjodjpjgs la cgs :2 mho asthlg asth pglargsh ijfurh. Rgr gtrh phrta, ch irhf`aothdjôo jnh h aodgotrhr uo hcjhlg ao cgs ijcôsgigslg`johlgs irhodasas,pgr qujaoas dgo ac dgostrudtjvjs`g asthnho jotaotholg las`hotachr ch dgosjstaodjh dhoôojdh lac taxtg asdrjtg. Ch `atèigrh la ch oadashrjh lastruddjôo lac taxtg phrh pglar ccafhr h pgsaarcg, hcfg qua astè ao ch nhsa `js`h la ch hddjôo la caar, iua rèpjlh`aota hnsgrnjlh pgr hcfuogs hrqujtadtgs y taôrjdgs qua paoshrgo pglàho ushr ch atjquath dgostrudtjvjsth phrh lasjfohr ch ouavh taolaodjh hrqujtadtôojdh. Lasla cgs =2, ch ladgostruddjôo, qua ao ouastrh sj`pcjijdhlh tar`jogcgfàh sjfojijdh irhf`aothdjôo, hicgrô dg`g ouavh jlagcgfàh astêtjdh y dg`g ouavg prgdalj`jaotg hrqujtadtôojdg qua sa dgosgcjlô h cg chrfg la ch ûctj`h lêdhlh mhsth dgovartjrsa ao hcfg prôxj`g h uoh `hoarh la mhdar.

Rarg kuotg h asth taolaodjh qua ccavh h ch irhf`aothdjôo hphradjô, hc ijohc la cgs =2, uo ouavg `gvj`jaotg. Ch joaculjnca htrhddjôo la uo `uolg sjo igr`h dhrhdtarjzh asta ijo la sjfcg. AJ pglar prasdjoljr la ch igr`h, as uo ouavg `glg la asthr ao asta `uolg. Cgs gràfaoas la thc hdtjtul og mhy qua nusdhrcgs ao ac ^aohdj`jaotg g ao ch Jcustrhdjôo, dg`g gdurràh dgo ch irhf`aothdjôo. Asta ouavg `glg la var chs dgshs as ao varlhl dhrhdtaràstjdg la astgs ûctj`gs høgs, duholg ch dg`uojdhdjôo acadtrôojdh, ch joigr`hdjôo fcgnhc y ch j`hfjoaràh vjrtuhc phradao mhnar acj`johlg ac jotarês qua mg`nras y `ukaras taoàho ao chs igr`hs y ao su raprasaothdjôo. Ch igr`h sufjara hcfg dgofachlg, astètjdg, uo grlao asthncadjlg qua cj`jth ouastrh dgoludth y la hmà qua sah joûtjc y hutgrjthrjg. Ac `uolg la mgy radch`h hddjôo y og oadasjth dg`g ao ac phshlg uo asdaohrjg jdgogfrèijdg hcralalgr la ogsgtrgs. Tôcg ch hddjôo duaoth, y astg as vècjlg y partjoaota ao duhcasqujarh qua saho chs djrduosthodjhs. Ac prgdasg la fcgnhcjzhdjôo mh trhàlg dgosjfg ch pêrljlh la vhcgr la hquaccg qua mhsth hmgrh ma`gs cch`hlg aspadàijdg. Ch joljiaraodjh y ch ljspgojnjcjlhl pravhcadao. Yjvjr as mgy ch axparjaodjh dgotjouh la ch acaddjôo. Ch igr`h, pgr ac dgotrhrjg, astè rachdjgohlh dgo cg par`hoaota, gnsthducjzholg ac pgtaodjhc qua aodjarrh ac iuturg, y la hmà qua mhyh dhàlg ao lasfrhdjh. Qoh vaz `ès sgo cgs pjotgras qujaoas hotjdjphrgo asta aoigqua. Rjotgras thcas dg`g Ihutrjar y Lunuiiat, \wg`ncy y Igothoh, ccavhrgo mhsth cgs `ès cakhogs cà`jtas chs axparjaodjhs axparjaodjhs vjsuhcas y tèdtjcas la ch vhofuhrljh. Ch nûsqualh la uo gnkatg dgo aotjlhl prgpjh jnh h lashphradar ao sus trhnhkgs. Ao sus gnrhs, > 

 

ac cjaozg tglhvàh asthnh dgodanjlg dg`g uoh phothcch parg oj ch vgcuothl la rajovaothr igr`hs oj ch dgolasdaolaodjh dgo duhcqujarh qua iuasa raprasaothdjôo hphrada. Mhncho `ès hdardh la joigr`hdjôo, la uoh djarth prasaodjh la ch `htarjh, la cg jodgotrgchnca la ch `aota, la ch ihcth la raiaraodjhs, la ch jfogrhodjh la cgs cà`jtas, atd. Mhdao mjodhpjê sgnra ch duastjôo la cg jodg`praosjnca5 ac `uolg sa ogs ojafh y la hmà qua duhcqujar jotaotg la laijojrcg h trhvês la ch raprasaothdjôo og taofh saotjlg. Ch pjoturh as hcfg prjvhlg, qua cjnarh aoarfàhs joljvjluhcas. Ch pjoturh qua sa faoarh mhdjaolg usg la thc hdtjtul, qualh hnsgrnjlh pgr uo `uolg jovhljlg pgr ch prasaodjh la ch `a`grjh, uo `uolg qua mhda suyh hquacch jodg`uojdhnjcjlhl qua cgs pjotgras trhthnho la raicakhr ao sus cjaozgs.  Huoqua mung hcfuogs jotaotgs la mhdar hrqujtadturh hrqujtadturh utjcjzholg astgs prjodjpjgs prjodjpjgs “hcfg hsà prataoljargo mhdar cgs sjtuhdjgojsths“ sjtuhdjgojsths“  `a phrada qua mh sjlg sôcg hc ijohcjzhr cgs =2 y lurhota cgs :2,

duholg ch taothdjôo la safujr asta dh`jog sa mh madmg saotjr. ·Dô`g mho madmg suyh cgs hrqujtadtgs asth astêtjdh7 Rgr uoh phrta pglràh`gs mhnchr la uoh hrqujtadturh qua jfogrh ac gnkatg, ch jdgogfrhiàh, cgs aca`aotgs astrudturhcas, atd., y h ch qua tho sôcg ca pragduph drahr dgoljdjgoas iàsjdhs qua ihvgrazdho ch vjlh y ch hddjôo. La hmà qua taofh saotjlg ac mhnchr la uoh hrqujtadturh dg`g phjshka, qua pgtaodjh ch `gvjcjlhl sjo jotariarjr dgo ch vjlh. \hc hrqujtadturh mhda suyhs duastjgoas qua yh hphradjargo ao ch gnrh la cgs `afhastrudturhcjsths, parg ao ûctj`g têr`jog as jolaijojnca, j`pardaptjnca. Ta trhth `ès la radrahr hrtjijdjhc`aota uoh tgpgfrhiàh hctarohtjvh. La hcfûo `glg, y h pashr la ch dgodjaodjh la qua sôcg ch hrtjijdjhcjlhl duaoth, mhy ao asth hdtjtul uo gductg lasag la aoduaotrg dgo ch ohturhcazh. Rarg ac hrqujtadtg raspgoshnca la thc hrqujtadturh ljsiruth dgo ch ohlh, dgo uo `uolg sjo igr`h “lhlg qua êsth, dg`g ljkj`gs, og as oadashrjh y hûo `ès, puala sar dhcjijdhlh dg`g la hohdrgojs`g ao ac `uolg la mgy“ mgy“. Ac hrta `ès radjaota, ac suacg la chs fhcaràhs, sa mh dgovartjlg ao ac ouavg cjaozg lgola gnkatgs lasdgotaxtuhcjzhlgs sa dgovjartao ao prgthfgojsths. Ao ch hrqujtadturh sjo igr`h la mgy ao làh, h uo `hojpuchlg, y dgo iraduaodjh hchnahlg pchog mgrjzgothc sa ca lgth la uoh djarth hrtjduchdjôo qua sufjara ch prgtaddjôo qua giradàh ch hrqujtadturh hotjfuh, hotjdjpholg uoh vjlh hkaoh h duhcqujar dgovaodjôo praasthncadjlh. Lhlg qua ch hrqujtadturh yh og as ao `glg hcfuog dg`uojdhdjôo, sa mh hnholgohlg ch gncjfhdjôo la jovaothr caofuhkas. Ch hrqujtadturh mgy prataola asthr vjvh, jfogrholg duhcqujar raiaraodjh h dgodaptgs thcas dg`g caofuhka, `hoarh g astjcg. Hcfuogs ljsdàpucgs la ^a` Eggcmhhs, mgy prasaotas ao tglg ac `uolg, phradao saotjrsa htrhàlgs pgr asth taolaodjh, ljiuoljlh h`pcjh`aota h trhvês la chs ravjsths la hrqujtadturh. Rargpjotgras mhy gtrgs la 12 ljsgcvar ch hrqujtadturh ao uoh dgostruddjôo sjo igr`h.hcDgovaolràh dô`g cgs la `glgs cgs høgs ralasdunrjargo ac vhcgr axprasjvg la ch `htarjh, `hrfao la radgrlhr duèc iuarh su hphrjaodjh. Tj hcfuogs hrqujtadtgs ao nusdh la ch hrqujtadturh sjo igr`h jlaotjijdhrgo su trhnhkg dgo cg qua puala cch`hrsa cch`hrsa 'hrqujtadturh dg`g phjshka‚ gtrgs, htrhàlgs pgr chs axparjaodjhs la cgs `joj`hcjsths sa jodcjohrgo pgr ac hnholgog la ch igr`h, prgpgojaolg ch dgostruddjôo la vgcû`aoas prjs`ètjdgs lgola sôcg su `htarjhcjlhl sa mhda prasaota. Ch sgcudjôo la duhcqujar prgfrh`h la hrqujtadturh ao uo jogdug dgotaoalgr prjs`ètjdg, sa dgovjarta ao uo asiuarzg lacjnarhlg pgr radmhzhr duhcqujar dg`prg`jsg dgo uoh igr`h aspadàijdh. Tj \hiurj mhnch hdardh lac sjcaodjg qua sa prgluda lakholg chs dgshs mhnchr pgr sà `js`hs, hquà y hmgrh ogsgtrgs pgla`gs lac sjcaodjg qua trha dgosjfg ch `ulh dgoljdjôo la chs igr`hs prj`hrjhs. Ogs aodgotrh`gs thomhnchr prôxj`gs h cgs rahc gràfaoas qua ch gnrh ao duhotg thc og axjsta. Ch dgostruddjôo phsh h sar ac ûojdg `aljg la axprasjôo. Ch dgotjoujlhl aotra igr`h y `htarjh sa dgovjarta ao uoh duastjôo susthodjhc, y ch trhosjdjôo lac `htarjhc h ch dhsj og axjstaota igr`h as ch dara`gojh qua astgs hrqujtadtgs dacanrho. Ta lh aotgodas prjgrjlhl h ch pjac. Ch suparijdja pravhcada. Ch hrqujtadturh aoihtjzh chs hrtjijdjhcas y cjvjhohs suparijdjas raicadthotas ao chs qua phrada dgodaotrhrsa tglg ac pgtaodjhc lac ljsaøg. Asth hrqujtadturh nrjcchota, hdrjsthchlh, ao ch qua ogs va`gs raicakhlgs, hc oafhr duhcqujar jlaotjlhl igr`hc hc vgcu`ao dgostrujlg lashphrada ao ch pardapdjôo. Hcfuohs la chs `ès vhcjgshs gnrhs radjaotas partaoadao

h astgs `arjtgrjgs jotaotgs. @aodjgohrê ch gnrh la Marzgf & la @aurgo phrh jcustrhr ch hrqujtadturh ao ch qua pjaosg. Qoh vaz qua ma`gs ccafhlg h asta puotg, trhs mhnar lasdrjtg chs lgs taolaodjhs hrqujtadtôojdhs qua mho dhrhdtarjzhlg cgs :2, lanaràh prafuothr`a ·sgo êstgs cgs lgs ûojdgs `glgs la mhdar hrqujtadturh7 Asth as ch duastjôo h ch qua `a fusthràh raspgolar dgo cgs prgyadtgs qua djthrê hmgrh. Tgy dgosdjaota lac j`phdtg qua ac zajtfajst  tjaoa   tjaoa ao tglg ouastrg trhnhkg. Ma`gs hpraoljlg h trhvês la ch mjstgrjh lac hrta dô`g dhna asthncadar uoh djarth dgotjoujlhl aotra tglhs chs hdtjvjlhlas mu`hohs, y ao varlhl as igrzgsg radgogdar qua duhcqujar `hojiasthdjôo la chs hrtas vjsuhcas ao uo latar`johlg paràglg la tja`pg og as hkaog h cg qua sgo cgs jotarasas la hquaccgs `g`aotgs. Rarg thc radgogdj`jaotg og j`pcjdh uoh ûojdh ljraddjôo, uo sgcg `glg la prgpgrdjgohr tastj`gojg la ch rahcjlhl ao ch qua ogs aodgotrh`gs. Ljdmg astg, `a fusthràh `hojiasthr qua og prataolg ao `glg hcfuog vgcvar h ch jlah la uoh igr`h grfèojdh. Ma`gs hpraoljlg h var ch hrqujtadturh y chs djulhlas dgo gkgs `aogs dgolasdaoljaotas, dhphdas la hpradjhr ch ljvarsjlhl lac `uolg hcralalgr ouastrg, ljvarsjlhl qua j`pjla mhdar uoh lasdrjpdjôo uojthrjh lac `js`g. H pashr la asthr mhncholg hdardh la ch igr`h, og taofg ao `aota uo saotjlg grfèojdg, pchtôojdg, la igr`h. Ch ljijducthl qua j`pcjdh paoshr ao ch jo`hoaodjh la ch igr`h y, pgr thotg, ch j`pgsjnjcjlhl la 4 

 

dgosjlarhr uo prgdasg la drahdjôo h trhvês la hrquatjpgs, as hcfg la cg qua cgs hrqujtadtgs sg`gs dgosdjaotas, hcfg qua ma`gs hpraoljlg y hdapthlg. Z, sjo a`nhrfg, ch prasaodjh la ch igr`h as oadashrjh phrh duhcqujar dgostruddjôo. dgostruddjôo. Ac dgodaptg la 'igr`htjvjlhl‚ ushlg pgr ac ijcôsgig ijcôsgig jthcjhog Rhrayssgo, roa phrada drudjhc phrh aotaolar dô`g sa dgostruya uoh gnrh la hrqujtadturh. Mhy qua sunrhyhr ac dg`prg`jsg qua ac ljsaøhlgr tjaoa dgo duhcqujar hrqujtadturh, aotaoljêolgsa qua thc dg`prg`jsg j`pcjdh rairaolhr su pcaoh raspgoshnjcjlhl ao cg qua mhda, cg qua ogs ccavh h josjstjr ao uoh cjnarthl qua pravhcada sgnra duhcqujar taothdjôo la latar`jojs`g. Rarg ac akardjdjg la ch cjnarthl og puala hdgotadar ao uo `uolg ao ac qua og hphradjasa ch igr`h. Ljdmg la gtrg `glg, ch prasaodjh la ch igr`h as fhrhotàh la cjnarthl phrh ac hrqujtadtg. Asta as ac puotg ao ac qua `a fusthràh josjstjr mgy. Ch hrqujtadturh puala sar `hojpuchlh dgo cjnarthl, sjo varogs lg`johlgs pgr cgs igrtujtgs rasucthlgs h cgs qua