Histopathologic Techniques Pretest

HISTOPATHOLOGY Name __________________________________________ Rating________________________ Schedule _____________________________________ Date of Examination ___________ I. __________1. Schiff reagent is a basic fuchsin which is a mixture of: A. periodic acid, rosanilin, and magenta II B. sulfonic acid, magenta II and rosalinin C. rosanilin, pararosanilin and magenta II D. rosanilin, pararosanilin and sulfonic acid __________2. Schiff reagent can be prepared using what method/s? 1. Barger and Delamater 3. De Tomasi-Coleman 2. Itikawa and Oguru 4. Magenta and Schiff A. 1 and 3 are correct C. 1,2,3 are correct B. 2 and 4 are correct D. all are correct __________3. In the PAS with diastase method for glycogen demonstration, what is the fixative recommended? A. Orths B. Helly’s C. Bouins D. Carnoy __________4. The method of choice for glycogen staining: A. PAS C. PAS with diastase B. Best carmine D. langhan’s Iodine __________5. In the Best Carmine method for staining glycogen, the counterstain used is: A. Cole hematoxylin C. Harris hematoxylin B. Ehrlich’s hematoxylin D. Lillies hematoxylin __________6. In the Best Carmine method for staining glycogen, which of the following is/are added to the stock solution to inhibit any nonspecific background carmine staining? 1. methanol 3. Concentrated ammonia 2. potassium carbonate 4. Potassium chloride A. 1 and 3 are correct C. 1,2,3 are correct B. 2 and 4 are correct D. all are correct

__________7. Using Langhan’s iodine method for glycogen, the glycogen is stained: A. bright red color C. mahogany brown B. blue-black D. yellow __________8. Which of the following staining methods is not applicable for acid mucopolysaccharides? A. colloidal iron technique C. aldehyde fuchsin stain B. uranyl-nitrate-azure method D. azocarmine stain __________9. The most useful metachromatic dye for acid mucin is: A. azure A C. alcian blue B. toluidine blue D. basic fuchsin _________10. Perl’s reagent is consists of: 1. 5% hydrochloric acid 3. 5% aqueous potassium ferrocyanide 2. 2% hydrochloric acid 4. 2% aqueous potassium ferrocyanide A. 1 and 3 are correct C. 1,2,3 are correct B. 2 and 4 are correct D. all are correct _________11. The reagent added to Scharlach R to intensify the resulting color and prevents deterioration. A. isopropyl alcohol C. dextrin B. alcohol D. benzoic acid _________12. What is used as solvent for Oil red O and Sudan black? A. 99% isopropanol C. 70% alcohol B. 60% alcohol D. 95% alcohol _________13. Lipids may be demonstrated by osmium tetroxidewhich is also used as a fixative. The unsaturated fats and fatty acids reduces the unstable oxide to for what color? A. red B. green C. black D. yellow _________14. In the Nile Blue Sulfate method for fats, which of the following statements is correct? A. Its red component, oxazone dissolves phospholipids B. its blue component is called oxazane C. the oxazine is basic and reacts with phospholipids and free fatty acids. D. neutral fat is blue and fatty acids are pink _________15. In the histochemical demonstration of free fatty acids by stains, which of the following do not match? A. Weigert’s lithium hematoxylin: Fischler B. rubeanicacid: Holczinger C. dimethylaminobenzylidine rhodamine: Okamoto D. diaminobenzidine: Bodian and Lake _________16. This technique involves simultaneous coupling reaction with sodium B-glycerophosphate as the substrate that is hydrolyzed by the enzyme alkaline phosphatase to produce phosphate ions. A. Wachstein and Meisel C. Gomori

B. Glenner

D. Krajan

_________17. In staining for enzyme activity, which of the following do not match? A. Filipe and Lake: acetylcholinesterase B. Indoxylacetate: esterase C. Tetrazolium: monoamine oxidase D. a-napththylacetate: ATPase _________18. This is the most reliable and specific histochemical staining technique for DNA. A. Methyl green-pyronin technique C. Feulgen technique B. May-Grunwald D. Weigert Pal _________19. In the methyl green-pyronin method which of the following do not match? A. DNA: green C. Plasma cell cytoplasm: purple B. RNA: blue-green D. lymphocytes: purple _________20. Which of the following fluorescent staining do not match? A. fluorescein: blue C. rhodamine: orange red B. acridineorange: blue D. acriflavine: yellow _________21. Which of the following stains do not match? A. Gomori: reticulin C. Van Gieson: Collagen B. Verhoeff’s: elastic D. Lendrum: muscle _________22. Which of the following is not a stain for collagen? A. Van Gieson C. Krajian Aniline Red B. Masson’s Trichrome D. Azocarmine _________23. Which of the following is a not a stain for elastic fibers? A. Weigert’s C. Taenzer-Unna Orcein B. Verhoeff’s D. Aniline Blue _________24. Which of the following is not a component of MSB technique? A. Martius yellow C. Brilliant crystal scarlet B. soluble blue C142780 D. 2% aqueous potassium permanganate _________25. Which of the following is not a component of phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin staining? A. HCl in absolute alcohol C. sulfuric acid B. Glacial acetic acid D. potassium permanganate ________26. The Highman’s Congo Red method for amyloid is consists of: A. 0.2% congo red in 80% alcohol C. 0.5% congo red in 50% alcohol B. 0.5% congo red in 80% alcohol D. 0.2% congo red in 50% alcohol ________27. The Krajian Amyloid stain uses: A. Erhlich’s hematoxylin C. Cole hematoxylin B. Harris hematoxylin D. PTAH ________28. Thioflavine T stain is used as: A. 1% B. 2% C. 5% D. 10%

________29. The modified Gomori’s Trichrome stain color muscle fibers: A. green B. red C. blue D. black

________30. The mordant used in Mallory’s PTAH is: A. 1 part 10% HCl in 70% alcohol and 3 parts 3% potassium dichromate B. 1 part 3% HCl in 70% alcohol and 3 parts 10% potassium dichromate C. 3 parts 10% HCl in 70% alcohol and 1 part 3% potassium dichromate D. 3 parts 3% HClin 70% alcohol and 1 part 10% potassium dichromate _______31. In the Schmorl’s Picro-Thionin method uses thionin at a concentration of: A. 0.10% B. 0.125% C. 0.20% D. 0.250% ________32. Bielschowsky’s technique uses: A. ammoniacal silver C. oxalic acid B. phosphomolybdic acid D. hydroquinone ________33. This stain is used for demonstrating neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. A. Bodian C. Sevier-Munger B. Bielschowsky D. Kluver and Barrera ________34. Which of the following is not a stain for astrocytes? A. Cajal C. Holzer B. PTAH D. Weigert-Pal ________35. For staining tissue pigments which of the following do not match? A. Perls: ferric C. Turnbull’s blue: ferrous B. Benzidine: hemoglobin D. Fouchet: hematoidin ________36. The Mallory’s funchsin stain hemofuscin pigment: A. blue B. red C. black D. green ________37. Von Kossa for calcium uses: A. 1% silver nitrate C. 1.5% silver nitrate B. 2% silver nitrate D. 3% silver nitrate ________38. Lindquist’s technique stain copper: A. blue B. red C. black D. green ________39. Which of the following stains and organisms do not match? A. Wade-Fite: Leprosy bacilli and Nocardia B. Toluidineblue: Helicobacter C. Dieterle: L. pneumophilia D. Warthin-Starry: Actinomyces ________40. Amyloid stain:

A. Congo red

B. trichromestain

C. alcianblue

D.

Sudan IV ________41. Fat stain: A. Congo red B. trichromestain C. alcianblue D. Sudan IV ________42. Mucin stain: A. Congo red B. trichromestain C. alcianblue D. Sudan IV ________43. Used for demonstration of A cells of the pancreatic islets in formalin or Bouin’s fixed tissue: A. Grimelius C. Lendrum B. Gordon and Sweet D. MSB

________44.

________45. ________46.

________47. ________48. ________49. ________50.

The Miller’s stain for elastic tissue contains the following, except? A. Victoria Blue C. Crystal Violet B. New Fuchsin D. ponceau S Curtis stain contains all of the following reagents except? A. phosphotungstic acid C. ponceau S B. glacial acetic acid D. picric acid Herovici method contains what stains? 1. methyl blue 3. Acid fuchsin 2. Victoria blue 4. Congo red A. 1 and 3 are correct C. 1,2,3 are correct B. 2 and 4 are correct D. all are correct Naoumenko stain is for: A. elastic fibers C. collagen B. reticulin D. muscle Biebrich scarlet is a component of: A. Mallory’s PTAH C. Krajian B. Masson trichrome D. Van Gieson Which of the following is not a component of Gill’s hematoxylin? A. ethylene glycol C. sodium iodate B. aluminum sulfate D. glycerol Which of the following is not a component of Carazzi’s hematoxylin? A. potassium iodate C. potassium alum B. glycerol D. ethylene glycol

II. MACHING TYPE. ________1. Anderson’s Victoria B ________2. Well-Davenport’s ________3. Bielschowsky ________4. Phloxine-Toluidine Blue ________5. Fitz-Patrick ________6. DOPA ________7. De Galantha’s ________8. Krajian ________9. Weigert Pal ________10. Kinyoun ________11. Ramon-Cajjal ________12. Schiff-McManus ________13. Bennhold ________14. Prussian Blue ________15. Iodine ________16. Feulgen ________17. Gomori’s silver nitrate ________18. Ziehl-Neelsen ________19. Von Kossa ________20. Gmelin ________21. Methyl green pyronine ________22. Levaditi’s ________23. Brown and Brenn ________24. Van Gieson ________25. Gold ________26. Langhan’s iodine ________27. Gympsum ________28. Bodian silver

A. astrocytes B. glycogen C. amyloid D. ferric ion E. amoeba F. RNA and DNA G. spirochete H. bacteria I. collagen J. reticular fibers K. nerve fibers L. microglia M. fat necrosis N. cholesterol O. hemoglobin P. phospholipid Q. bile R. fats and lipids S. calcium T. fungi U. DNA V. AFB W. myelin sheath X. elastic fibers Y. melanin Z. tyrosine AA. hemozoin BB. Uric acid

________29. ________30. ________31. ________32. ________33. ________34. ________35. ________36. ________37. ________38. ________39. ________40. ________41. ________42. ________43. ________44. ________45. ________46. ________47. ________48. ________49. ________50.

INSTRUCTION.

Ralph Windaus-digitonin Azocarmine Masson trichrome cystine Footo’s Benda Liebermann-Burchardt Del Rio Hortega Roger Lieb’s Sudan III Verhoeff’s Lissamine Fast red Osmic acid Benzidine Acetic acid-alcian blue Gridley MSB Miller Curtis Herovici Grimelius

CC. neuron DD. Glial cells EE. muscle FF. cysteine

and

Each of the numbered items or incomplete statements is followed by answers or by completions of the statement. Select the ONE lettered answer or completion that is BEST in each case. _____1. Simple fixative/s: 1. picric acid 2. osmic acid 3. Helly’ssolution 4. glutaraldehyde A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____2. Tissue marking facilitates identification and correct orientation of a particular tissue pieces. Which of the following dye marker is/are used for surgical specimens? 1. India ink 3. Eosin, Erythosin, Rose Bengal, 2% 2. AlcianBlue, 1% 4. Artists’ grade pigments, 50% A. only 1 and 3 are correct C. only 1,2,3 are correct B. only 2 and 4 are correct D. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct _____3. Characteristic of a good fixative: 1. stable 2. hypotonic 3. harden tissues 4. prevent autolysis A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____4. Chromate fixatives: 1. Orth’s fluid2. Regaud’s fluid 3. Moller’s fluid 4. Zenker’s fluid

A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____5. This dye marker is rapid, reliable and used for marking resection margins of fixed breast and other biopsies: A. India ink C. Alcian Blue B. Silver Nitrate D. Eosin, Erythrosin and Rose Bengal _____6. Formaldehyde: 1. concentration of pure stock solution is 40% 2. gas produced by oxidation of ethanol 3. dilute 1:20 to make 10% solution 4. fixation time is 24 hours A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____7. Methanol added to formaldehyde: 1. prevent its decomposition to formic acid 2. denatures protein 3. renders tissues unsuitable for electron microscopy 4. prevents precipitation to paraformaldehyde A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____8. Clearing agent/s: 1. xylene 2. toluene 3. chloroform 4. acetone A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____9. Dehydrating agents: 1. acetone 2. dioxane 3. xylene 4. alcohol A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____10. Decalcifying agents: 1. nitric acid 2. hydrochloric acid 3. glacial acetic acid 4. formic acid A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____11. Embedding media: 1. paraffin wax 2. celloidin 3. gelatin 4. paraplast A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____12. Ways to measure extent of decalcification: 1. ion exchange resin 2. radiographic method 3. physical mtd 4. chemical mtd. A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____13. Cells found in vaginal smear: 1. intermediate cells 3. mature superficial cells 2. columnar cells 4. basal and parabasal cells A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____14. Mounting medium:

1. Canada balsam 2. water 3. eukitt 4. permount A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct ____15. Not a gas used in cryostat: 1. oxygen 2. nitrogen 3. nitrogen oxide 4. carbon dioxide A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____16. Not a stain for pituitary gland: 1. Weigert’s 2. OG and EA 3. Fontana 4. Periodic Acid Schiff orange G A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____17. Not importance of ferning: 1. early detection of neoplasia 3. diagnosis of early pregnancy 2. early diagnosis of malignancy 4. early diagnosis of infection A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____18. In the Delafield’s Alum hematoxylin stain, the nuclei will not be stained: 1. blue 2. pink 3. red 4. reddish brown A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____19. Fine powder of aluminum oxide made into paste with water used as abrasive is not used in: 1. stropping 2. staining 3. honing 4. decalcification A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____20. These fluids have to pass thru cytocentrifugation before staining the sediments: 1. bronchial washing 2. pleural fluid 3. urine 4. sputum A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____21. Counterstain: 1. eosin 2. safranin 3. hematoxylin 4. malachite green A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____22. Used in Papanicolau staining: 1. EA50 2. hematoxylin 3. alcoholic eosin 4. OG6 A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____23. Dioxane: 1. non-toxic to man 2. clears 3. miscible with water, xylene, 4. dehydrates A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____24. Acetone: 1. dehydrates 3. fixative for F.A.T. 2. fixative for diagnosis of rabies 4. fixative for pigment A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct

B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____25. Tetrahydrofuran: 1. clears 2. immiscible with xylene 3. dehydrates 4. has offensive odor A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____26. Uses of paraffin oven: 1. melting down paraffin 3. infiltration 2. drying slides 4. staining at higher temperature A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____27. Components of Mayer’s egg albumin: 1. egg white 2. glycerine 3. thymol 4. distilled water A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____28. Effects of fixation: 1. denaturation of protein 3. inhibit dye reaction 2. cells become resistant to damage 4. as mordant A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____29. Zenker’s: 1. potassium dichromate 2. mercuric chloride 3. distilled water 4. glacial acetic acid A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____30. Gendre’s fixative: 1. chloroform 3. formalin 2. ethyl alcohol with picric acid 4. glacial acetic acid A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____31. Clearing agents: 1. chloroform 2. toluene 3. dioxane 4. oil of Cedarwood A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____32. advantages of plastic embedding media: 1. rapid process 3. causes very little distortion 2. permit ultrathin sectioning 4. blocks can be stored indefinitely A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____33. Brittle or hard to cut tissue may be caused by prolonged: 1. fixation 2. dehydration 3. clearing 4. infiltration A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____34. Advantages of celloidin tissue processing: 1. shrinkage is negligible 2. rapid process 3. no heat required

tissue

4. minimal distortion of

A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____35. Advantages of membrane technique: 1. reduces possibility of cells washing off 2. minimize loss of tumour cells 3. furnishes a more clearly representative sample of cell types 4. permits direct collection of cells from fluid A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____36. Acid dye/s: 1. alcian blue 2. anilinine blue 3. ponceau S 4. fast green A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____37. Metachromatic dye: 1. azure A 2. Bismark brown 3. Janus Green B 4. toluidine blue A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____38. Mercurial fixative: 1. Heidenhain-Susa 2. Zenker’s A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____39. Picric acid fixative: 1. Bouin’s 2. van de Grift’s A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____40. The purpose of ethyl alcohol: 1. fixative 2. dehydrating agent A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____41. Not a characteristic of a good fixative: 1. safe to handle 2. quick penetration A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____42. Purpose of clearing: 1. to remove acetone 2. to make tissue transparent A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____43. Methods of softening hard tissues: 1. decalcification 2. fixation A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____44. Decalcification methods except: 1. ion exchange resin 2. chelation A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 wrong _____45. effects of fixatives on tissues: 1. denaturationof proteins 2. hardens tissues A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 wrong _____46. Method of removing pigment left by formalin: 1. picric acid method 2. Lillie’s method A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 wrong _____47. Not a constituent of buffered neutral formalin: 1. sodium phosphate 2. sodium acetate A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 wrong

are are

are

are

_____48. Recommended for nuclear studies of bacteria: 1. acetone 2. alcohol A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____49. Recommended for biopsies and tumors of the skin: 1. Bouin’s 2. Helly’s A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____50. Alcohol containing fixative: 1. Gendre’s 2. Newcomers A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____51. Fixation is retarded by: 1. increased temperature 2. size of specimen A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____52. THF is a: 1. clearing agent 2. dehydrant A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____53. Fixes and dehydrates: 1. acetone 2. alcohol A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____54. Most common and best embedding medium used for routine tissue processing: 1. xylene 2. paraffin A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____55. The melting point of paraffin: 1. 55C 2. 60C A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____56. Clearing agents for paraffin embedding: 1. xylene 2. toluene A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____57. The concentration of formaldehyde in Bouin’s fluid: 1. full strength 2. 10% A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____58. Method for celloidin embedding recommended for bone, teeth, large brain sections and whole organs: 1. wet celloidin 2. dry celloidin A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____59. Recommended for urgent biopsies where fast work and time element is important: 1. gelatin embedding 2. vacuum embedding A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____60. Dehydration is to be avoided in: 1. celloidin embedding 2. gelatin embedding A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____61. Used for cutting celloidin embedded sections: 1. sliding microtome 2. rotary microtome

A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____62. Paraffin sections are usually cut between: 1. 10-15u 2. 4-6u A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____63. Knife recommended for cutting paraffin embedded sections on a rotary microtome: 1. biconcave 2. plane concave A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____64. Knife recommended for cutting embedded sections on a freezing microtome: 1. biconcave 2. plane concave A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____65. Wedge angle- the angle formed by the slides of the wedge knife is between; 1. 27-32 degrees 2. 14-15 degrees A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____66. Which of the following mountants are used for immunofluorescence? 1. phosphate buffered glycerol 3. polyvinyl alcohol 2. DPX 4. euparal A. only 1 and 3 are correct C. only 1,2,3 are correct _____67. Common lubricant used for honing: 1. xylene 2. liquid paraffin A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____68. Preferred for processing of whole eye sections: 1. wet celloidin 2. dry celloidin A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____69. Incomplete fixation causes the tissue to be: 1. soft 2. brittle A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____70. Air holes found on tissue during trimming is due to incomplete: 1. fixation 2. impregnation A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____71. Presence of bubbles or dirt in the embedding medium causes: 1. unequal thickness of sections 2. formation of holes in the section A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____72. A process whereby a selected tissue specimen is immersed in a watch glass containing isotonic salt solution, carefully dissected or separated, and examined under the microscope: A. teasing B. crushing C. squash preparation D. smear preparation _____73. Which of the following is not a histochemical fixative? A. formol saline B. acetone C. absolute ethyl alcohol D. Bouin’s solution _____74. Which of the following is not attributed to frozen section? A. used for immediate pathological diagnosis B. eliminate alteration of tissue caused by fixation C. permit a wide variety of histochemical procedures D. none of these

_____75. The amount of fixing fluid should be 10 to 20 times the volume of specimen except when using: A. commercial formaldehyde C. Picric acid B. acetone D. osmium tetroxide _____76. Kardasewitsch’s method of removing formalin pigment involves placing the section for 5 minutes to 3 hours, depending on the amount of pigment in a mixture of: A. 70% ethyl alcohol and 28% ammonia water B. 80% ethyl alcohol and 28% ammonia water C. 10% formalin and 90% water D. 10 parts formalin and 90 parts water _____77. When using Bouin’s fluid, a yellow color of the sections on the slide can be removed by treating the section with: A. running water C. sat. soln. of lithium carbonate in 70% alcohol B. ethyl alcohol D. 5% sodium thiosulfate _____78. Brasil’s fixative contains: 1. ethanol 2. formalin 3. picric acid 4. trichloroacetic acid A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____79. When using ethyl alcohol as fixative, the concentration must be: A. 70%-80% B. 75%-80% C. 80% -100% D. 50%-60% _____80. Which of the following tissues should not be fixed with alcohol? A. alkaline phosphatase containing tissues B. lipid containing tissues C. glycogen containing tissues D. carbohydrate containing tissues _____81. Carnoy’s fluid is: 1. very suitable for small tissue fragments 3. good fixative for glycogen 2. initiates dehydration 4. fixes in ½ to 2 hours A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____82. Which of the following solutions is used in softening hard tissues? A. Acetic acid B. Lendrum’s soln C. Zenker’sfluid D. Brasil’s soln _____83. Which of the following fixatives in which the tissue fixed must be thoroughly washed before many stains may be used to best advantage? 1. Zenker’s fluid 2. Helly’s fluid 3. Carnoy’s 4. Bouin’s A. only 1 and 3 are correct D. only 3 and 4 are correct B. only 1 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1 and 2 are correct _____84. Freeze drying uses what temperature for freezing? A. -40C B. -70C C. -100C D. -150C _____85. Which of the following is the slowest decalcifying agent? A. Formic acid B. Nitric acid C. Versene D. HCl _____86. Generally, the volume of the impregnating medium should be at least ___ times the volume of tissue. A. 10 B. 15 C. 20 D. 25 _____87. When using Tissue Tek system, the tissue is embedded in ____ deep. A. 2mm B. 5mm C. 10mm D. 15mm _____88. When trimming blocks, at least ____ of wax should surround the tissue block. A. 2mm B. 5mm C. 10mm D. 15mm _____89. In cytology, this refers to the percentage of cells with shrunken, dark, small structureless nuclei. A. maturation index C. pyknotic index B. pleomorphic index D. hyperchromatic index

_____90. Which of the following are anticoagulants used for cell blocks? 1. potassium oxalate2. heparin 3. citric acid-citrate 4. EDTA A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____91. Mounting is done to: 1. protect the specimen from physical injury 2. protect the section from bleaching 3. prevent damage and distortion 4. facilitate staining A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____92. The deeper red colored eosin: 1. eosin B 2. eosin Y A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____93. Stain recommended for Nissl’s granules or chromophilic bodies: 1. toluidine blue 2. crystal violet A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____94. Weigert’s hematoxylin contains: 1. iron 2. alum A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____95. Stain for demonstration of calcium salt deposits: 1. Congo red 2. acridine red 3B A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____96. Nicks or damage on the knife edge causes: 1. splitting of ribbons 2. unequal thickness of ribbon A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____97. Knife recommended for cutting paraffin embedded sections on a rotary microtome: 1. biconcave 2. plane concave A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____98. Lifting of sections from knife on upstroke may be due to: 1. too vertical knife tilt 2. too warm room A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____99. Incomplete dehydration and clearing of tissues may cause: 1. tearing of sections 2. crooked and uneven ribbons A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____100. Loose clamp set screws on block or knife holder causes: 1. varying thickness of tissue 2. wrinkled section A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____101. It is the term given to any change in the form of the tissues in the section from that of the tissue in the block. 1. distortion 2. orientation A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong

____102. Tissues when infiltrated with carbowax require ____ changes to complete infiltration. A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8 ____103. Which of the following can be done to ensure complete fixation of tissues? 1. secondary fixation 3. microwave irradiation 2. prolonged immersion 4. elevated temperature A. only 1 and 3 are correct C. only 1,2,3 are correct B. only 2 and 4 are correct D. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct ____104. Which of the following should be done for tissues fixed in dichromate? A. wash in 80% ethanol B. wash in 8-12 hours in running water before transferring to 60% ethanol C. rinse with water and process in 60% ethanol D. wash repeated 1-3 hourly changes of 50% ethanol _____105. Which of the following is/are protein coagulant fixative/s? 1. ethanol 3. mercuric chloride 2. formaldehyde 4. formol-saline A. only 1 and 3 are correct C. only 1,2,3 are correct B. only 2 and 4 are correct D. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct _____106. Which of the following tissue variables is correct? A. Tissue porosity has no significant impact on processing and staining B. Prolonged exposure to fixatives during processing has no significant reaction to immunohistochemical investigations C. Block thickness influences the rate of reagent diffusion and processing time D. Reagents which are miscible with water and with the embedding medium increase the number of processing stages. _____107. High infiltration temperatures cause marked tissue shrinkage and hardening which can be avoided by maintaining embedding waxes temperature at: A. 2-30C above melting point C. 10-15C above melting point B. 7-10C above melting point D. 15-20C above melting point _____108. For efficient and effective processing, there should be a specimen volume to processing fluid volume ratio of at least: A. 1:10 B. 1:20 C. 1:50 D. 1:100 _____109. What is the purpose of anhydrous cupric sulphate added to final absolute ethanol on a tissue processor? A. indicator of complete dehydration B. prevent shrinkage of tissue C. prevent excessive hardening of tissue D. facilitate infiltration _____110. Which of the following alcohols is used for processing of plant and animal tissues in research? A. methanol B. ethanol C. isopropanol D. butanol _____111. Acetone is the best dehydrant for processing fatty specimens and tissues are dehydrated through how many changes? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8 _____112. Which of the following is/are used for chemical dehydration of tissues? 1. DMP 2. THF 3. DEP 4. PEG A. only 1 and 3 are correct C. only 1,2,3 are correct B. only 2 and 4 are correct D. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct _____113. Which of the following clearing agents are chiefly used as nitrocellulose solvents in double embedding techniques? 1. amyl acetate 2. methyl benzoate 3. methyl salicylate 4. trichloroethane A. only 1 and 3 are correct C. only 1,2,3 are correct B. only 2 and 4 are correct D. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct

_____114. This process generally refers to the practice of embedding wax infiltrated tissues in another wax to produce improved tissue support and sectioning qualities. A. double embedding C. vacuum embedding B. investment D. infiltration _____115. To improve ribboning of paraffin, which of the following is done? A. add phenanthrene C. add stearic acid B. add 5% beeswax D. prolong heating of paraffin _____116. In a tissue transfer automated tissue processor, fluid agitation is achieved by: A. rotary motion of basket C. vacuum pressure B. tidal action D. optimal stabilization _____117. Ultrasonicsare used in histopathology to accelerate tissue processing. The most important effect of ultrasound is: A. heat B. pressure C.agitation D. optimal stabilization _____118. Which of the following can be used as aqueous media for embedding? 1. agar 2. gelatin 3. sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose 4. polyvinyl alcohol A. only 1 and 3 are correct C. only 1,2,3 are correct B. only 2 and 4 are correct D. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct _____119. This is the most widely used fixatives for standard electron microscopy: A. formaldehyde C. osmium tetroxide B. glutaraldehyde D. chromic acid _____120. This is the most widely used secondary fixative in electron microscopy? A. formaldehyde C. osmium teroxide B. glutaraldehyde D. chromic acid _____121. Which of the following is used as protein cross-linking fixatives? 1. chloro-6-triazides 3. diisocyanates 2. carbodiimides 4. maleimides A. only 1 and 3 are correct C. only 1,2,3 are correct B. only 2 and 4 are correct D. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct _____122. Which of the following fixatives is used for identifying tissues with aromatic amines such as adrenal medulla tumours? A. osmium tetroxide C. alcohol B. dichromate D. formalin _____123. This is the fixative of choice for the demonstration of intermediate filaments by immunohistochemical techniques prepared by 6:3:1 mixture of methanol, chloroform and glacial acetic acid. A. ethanol C. acetic acid B. methacarn D. picric acid _____124. Which of the following fixatives contains mercuric chloride? 1. Zenker 2. Helly’s 3. Ridley’s 4. B5 A. only 1 and 3 are correct C. only 1,2,3 are correct B. only 2 and 4 are correct D. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct _____125. AMEX technique requires fixation and clearing using: A. alcohol, methyl benzoate, xylene, paraffin B. alcohol, methyl ethylene, xylene, paraffin C. acetone, methyl benzoate, xylene, paraffin D. acetone, methyl ethyl benzoate, xylene, paraffin _____126. Wolman’s solution used for immersion of freshly cut frozen section is prepared by mixing: A. 10% formalin and 90% ethanol B. 90% ethanol and 10% glacial acetic acid C. 10% formalin and 90% glacial acetic acid D. 95% ethanol and 5% glacial acetic acid _____127. Which of the following is true of fixation?

A. fixation is more rapid at lower temperature B. during fixation, pH should be kept in physiological range between pH 6-8 C. buffers do not react with fixatives and will not reduce the function of fixative D. glutaraldehyde is used as fixative at 10% solution _____128. Which of the following are used as additive to glutaraldehyde in order to demonstrate lipids in electron microscopy? 1. digitonin 2. malachite green 3. imidazole 4. osmium tetroxide A. only 1 and 3 are correct C. only 1,2,3 are correct B. only 2 and 4 are correct D. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct _____129. Which of the following fixatives is used for demonstration of enzyme cholinesterase? A. formalin-sucrose-ammonia C. alcohol B. acetone D. formalin with 0.1% chloral hydrate _____130. Which of the following chemicals is not a component of Susa fluid? A. formaldehyde C. chromic acid B. glacial acetic acid D. mercuric chloride _____131. Which of the following chemicals is not a component of Elftman’s fixative? A. mercuric chloride C. water B. potassium dichromate D. formalin _____132. Which of the following chemicals is not a component of Swank and Davenport’s? A. mercuric chloride C. formaldehyde B. potassium chlorate D. acetic acid _____133. Which of the following is true of decalcification? A. as the concentration of acid decalcifying agent increases, the speed of decalcification also increases B. a decrease in temperature accelerates decalcification C. reducing pressure have significance on the decrease of the rate of decalcification D. mechanical agitation has no effect on promoting decalcification _____134. Which of the following bone component and test demonstration match? A. Irwin’s Method: aluminum C. Ridley’s: potassium B. Von Kossa: copper D. Wolman: calcium _____135. Bone histomorphometric analysis used for the diagnosis of metabolic bone diseases includes: 1. % trabecular bone volume 3. % osteod surface 2. % osteoid volume 4. % resorbing surface A. only 1 and 3 are correct C. only 1,2,3 are correct B. only 2 and 4 are correct D. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct _____136. Which of the following microtomes is used to cut sections from very hard material such as undecalcified bone? A. rotary B. sledge C. vibrating D. saw _____137. Which of the following microtomes is equipped with electrical voltage applied to the knife? A. rotary B. sledge C. vibrating D. saw _____138. Which of the following microtome knives is used primarily for cutting very thin, resin sections? A. sapphire B. diamond C. glass D. tungsten carbide _____139. What is the purpose of correct clearance angle? A. to enhance compression in cutting sections B. to reduce friction as the knife edge passes through the block C. for smooth, even section D. to harden the tissue _____140. Which of the following reflects correct thickness at which sections can be cut? A. gelatin: 150-200um C. paraffin: 1 to 5 um B. frozen: 15 to 20 um D. resin: 0.5 to 2 um _____141. Ideally, tissue block face should be no longer than:

A. 1mm x 1mm B. 5mm x 5mm

C. 1cm x 1cm D. 5cm x 5cm

_____142. In case of section crumbling or tearing, which of the following processes are improperly done? 1. fixation 2. dehydration C. decalcification D. clearing A. only 1 and 3 are correct C. only 1,2,3 are correct B. only 2 and 4 are correct D. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct _____143. In resin embedding, which of the following is correct? A. 0.01-0.05um thick sections can be cut using epoxy B. Methacrylates are resins from which 0.5 to 2um thick sections can be obtained C. Araldite and epons are acrylic resins D. Resin embedding can not be used for quantitation of lipids _____144. which stain is commonly used as a general stain for epoxy resin sections? A. toluidine blue C. haematoxylin B. picro-eosin D. Jenner-Giemsa _____145. The activity of the final staining haematoxylin solution can be assessed by the following means, except? A. refractometry C. spectroscopy B. thin-layer chromatography D. fluorometry _____146. Which of the following haematoxylin stains do not use iodate as oxidant to generate haematein? A. Gill’s B. Carazzi C. Ehrlich’s D. Harris _____147. Which of the following chemicals are contained in commercially prepared eosin to influence staining color? 1. fluorescein 2. erythrosine B 3. tribrornofluorescein 4. C145430 A. only 1 and 3 are correct C. only 1,2,3 are correct B. only 2 and 4 are correct D. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct _____148. All of the following are major applications of cryotechnology, except? A. immunocytochemical demonstration B. chemical fixation C. histochemical demonstration D. rapid diagnostic processing as part of intraoperative consultation _____149. Which of the following cryogens and absolute temperature used in cryotechniques for light microscopy do not match? A. liquid nitrogen: -196C C. liquid nitrogen-isopentane: -30C B. carbon dioxide gas: -70C D. aerosol sprays: -50C _____150. Most currently available cryostats have temperature control generally within: A. ambient to -40C C. ambient to -10C B. -50C to -70C D. ambient to 0C _____151. Which of the following knife profile and characteristics do not match? A. profile A: strongly plane concave/biconcave B. profile B: plane concave C. profile C: wedge concave D. profile D: plane _____152. All of the following are immunocytochemical fixatives for frozen sections, except: A. Zamboni’s C. acetone B. Formol acetic alcohol D. Periodate-lysia-paraformaldehyde _____153. Which of the following freezing protocols uses sublimation at low pressure and under vacuum? A. snap freezing C. fixed and fozen B. freeze substitution D. freeze drying _____154. Which of the following is used to demonstrate A cells of the pancreatic islets in formalin or Bouin’s fixed tissue? A. Gomori’s aldehyde fuchsin C. Lendrum phloxine tartrazine

B. Grimelius argyrophil technique D. acidified toluidine blue _____155. Which of the following is used to demonstrate B cells of the pancreatic islets in formalin or Bouin’s fixed tissue? A. Gomori’s aldehyde fuchsin C. Lendrum phloxine tartrazine B. Grimelius argyrophil technique D. acidified toluidine blue _____156. Prolactin-producing cells can be stained by: 1. Herlart’s erythrocin 2. permanganate-aldehyde-thionin-PAS-orange G 3. Brook’s carmoisine 4. bromine-alcian blue-orange G- acid fucchsin- light green A. only 1 and 3 are correct C. only 1,2,3 are correct B. only 2 and 4 are correct D. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct _____157. Which of the following is used for demonstration of heparin content of mast cell granules? 1. Churukian and Schenk Toluidineblue 3. azure A 2. naphthol AS-D 4. Fast blue RR A. only 1 and 3 are correct C. only 1,2,3 are correct B. only 2 and 4 are correct D. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct _____158. This hydrophobic mountant is a mixture of eucalyptol, sandarac, paraldehyde and camsal and is useful for mounting unstained section: A. DPX B. euparal C. Apathy’s medium D. Farrant’s medium _____159. What is the refractive index of water which is used as a convenient temporary mountant? A. 1.473 B. 1.333 C. 1.436 D. 1.523 _____160. What is the component of apathy’s medium that will prevent leaching of metachromatic dyes? A. gum Arabic C. potassium acetate B. cane sugar/sucrose D. thymol HE HE HE HE HE HE

WHO WHO WHO WHO WHO WHO

KNOWS OTHERS IS LEARNED KNOWS HIMSELF IS WISE CONQUERS HIMSELF IS STRONG IS CONTENDED IS RICH IS DETERMINED HAS STRENGTH OF WILL DOES NOT LOSE HIS CENTER ENDURES

EDWIN C. CANCINO,RMT,MPH,PhD INSTRUCTION.

Each of the numbered items or incomplete statements is followed by answers or by completions of the statement. Select the ONE lettered answer or completion that is BEST in each case. _____1. Simple fixative/s: 1. picric acid 2. osmic acid 3. Helly’ssolution 4. glutaraldehyde A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____2. Characteristic of a good fixative: 1. stable 2. hypotonic 3. harden tissues 4. prevent autolysis A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct

C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____3. Chromate fixatives: 1. Orth’s fluid2. Regaud’s fluid 3. Moller’s fluid 4. Zenker’s fluid A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____4. Formaldehyde: 5. concentration of pure stock solution is 40% 6. gas produced by oxidation of ethanol 7. dilute 1:20 to make 10% solution 8. fixation time is 24 hours A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____5. Methanol added to formaldehyde: 5. prevent its decomposition to formic acid 6. denatures protein 7. renders tissues unsuitable for electron microscopy 8. prevents precipitation to paraformaldehyde A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____6. Clearing agent/s: 1. xylene 2. toluene 3. chloroform 4. acetone A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____7. Dehydrating agents: 1. acetone 2. dioxane 3. xylene 4. alcohol A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____8. Decalcifying agents: 1. nitric acid 2. hydrochloric acid 3. glacial acetic acid 4. formic acid A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____9. Embedding media: 1. paraffin wax 2. celloidin 3. gelatin 4. paraplast A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____10. Ways to measure extent of decalcification: 1. ion exchange resin 2. radiographic method 3. physical mtd 4. chemical mtd. A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____11. Cells found in vaginal smear: 1. intermediate cells 3. mature superficial cells 2. columnar cells 4. basal and parabasal cells A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____12. Mounting medium: 1. Canada balsam 2. water 3. eukitt 4. permount

A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct ____13. Not a gas used in cryostat: 1. oxygen 2. nitrogen 3. nitrogen oxide A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____14. Not a stain for pituitary gland: 1. Weigert’s 2. OG and EA 3. Fontana A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct

D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct 4. carbon dioxide D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct 4. Periodic Acid Schiff orange G D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct

_____15. Not importance of ferning: 1. early detection of neoplasia 3. diagnosis of early pregnancy 2. early diagnosis of malignancy 4. early diagnosis of infection A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____16. In the Delafield’s Alum hematoxylin stain, the nuclei will not be stained: 1. blue 2. pink 3. red 4. reddish brown A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____17. Fine powder of aluminum oxide made into paste with water used as abrasive is not used in: 1. stropping 2. staining 3. honing 4. decalcification A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____18. These fluids have to pass thru cytocentrifugation before staining the sediments: 1. bronchial washing 2. pleural fluid 3. urine 4. sputum A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____19. Counterstain: 1. eosin 2. safranin 3. hematoxylin 4. malachite green A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____20. Used in Papanicolau staining: 1. EA50 2. hematoxylin 3. alcoholic eosin 4. OG6 A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____21. Dioxane: 1. non-toxic to man 2. clears 3. miscible with water, xylene, 4. dehydrates A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____22. Acetone:

1. dehydrates 2. fixative for diagnosis of rabies A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct

3. fixative for F.A.T. 4. fixative for pigment D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct

_____23. Tetrahydrofuran: 1. clears 2. immiscible with xylene 3. dehydrates 4. has offensive odor A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____24. Uses of paraffin oven: 1. melting down paraffin 3. infiltration 2. drying slides 4. staining at higher temperature A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____25. Components of Mayer’s egg albumin: 1. egg white 2. glycerine 3. thymol 4. distilled water A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____26. Effects of fixation: 1. denaturation of protein 3. inhibit dye reaction 2. cells become resistant to damage 4. as mordant A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____27. Zenker’s: 1. potassium dichromate 2. mercuric chloride 3. distilled water 4. glacial acetic acid A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____28. Gendre’s fixative: 1. chloroform 3. formalin 2. ethyl alcohol with picric acid 4. glacial acetic acid A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____29. Clearing agents: 1. chloroform 2. toluene 3. dioxane 4. oil of Cedarwood A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____30. advantages of plastic embedding media: 1. rapid process 3. causes very little distortion 2. permit ultrathin sectioning 4. blocks can be stored indefinitely A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____31. Brittle or hard to cut tissue may be caused by prolonged: 1. fixation 2. dehydration 3. clearing 4. infiltration

A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____32. Advantages of celloidin tissue processing: 1. shrinkage is negligible 3. no heat required 2. rapid process 4. minimal distortion of tissue A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____33. Advantages of membrane technique: 5. reduces possibility of cells washing off 6. minimize loss of tumour cells 7. furnishes a more clearly representative sample of cell types 8. permits direct collection of cells from fluid A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____34. Acid dye/s: 1. alcian blue 2. anilinine blue 3. ponceau S 4. fast green A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____35. Metachromatic dye: 1. azure A 2. Bismark brown 3. Janus Green B 4. toluidine blue A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____36. Mercurial fixative: 1. Heidenhain-Susa 2. Zenker’s A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____37. Picric acid fixative: 1. Bouin’s 2. van de Grift’s A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____38. The purpose of ethyl alcohol: 1. fixative 2. dehydrating agent A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____39. Not a characteristic of a good fixative: 1. safe to handle 2. quick penetration A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____40. Purpose of clearing: 1. to remove acetone 2. to make tissue transparent A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____41. Methods of softening hard tissues: 1. decalcification 2. fixation A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____42. Decalcification methods except: 1. ion exchange resin 2. chelation A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____43. effects of fixatives on tissues: 1. denaturationof proteins 2. hardens tissues A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____44. Method of removing pigment left by formalin: 1. picric acid method 2. Lillie’s method

A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____45. Not a constituent of buffered neutral formalin: 1. sodium phosphate 2. sodium acetate A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____46. Recommended for nuclear studies of bacteria: 1. acetone 2. alcohol A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____47. Recommended for biopsies and tumors of the skin: 1. Bouin’s 2. Helly’s A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____48. Alcohol containing fixative: 1. Gendre’s 2. Newcomers A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____49. Fixation is retarded by: 1. increased temperature 2. size of specimen A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____50. THF is a: 1. clearing agent 2. dehydrant A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____51. Fixes and dehydrates: 1. acetone 2. alcohol A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____52. Most common and best embedding medium used for routine tissue processing: 1. xylene 2. paraffin A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____53. The melting point of paraffin: 1. 55C 2. 60C A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____54. Clearing agents for paraffin embedding: 1. xylene 2. toluene A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____55. The concentration of formaldehyde in Bouin’s fluid: 1. full strength 2. 10% A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____56. Method for celloidin embedding recommended for bone, teeth, large brain sections and whole organs: 1. wet celloidin 2. dry celloidin A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____57. Recommended for urgent biopsies where fast work and time element is important: 1. gelatin embedding 2. vacuum embedding A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong

_____58. Dehydration is to be avoided in: 1. celloidin embedding 2. gelatin embedding A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____59. Used for cutting celloidin embedded sections: 1. sliding microtome 2. rotary microtome A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____60. Paraffin sections are usually cut between: 1. 10-15u 2. 4-6u A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____61. Knife recommended for cutting paraffin embedded sections on a rotary microtome: 1. biconcave 2. plane concave A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____62. Knife recommended for cutting embedded sections on a freezing microtome: 1. biconcave 2. plane concave A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____63. Wedge angle- the angle formed by the slides of the wedge knife is between; 1. 27-32 degrees 2. 14-15 degrees A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____64. Honing involves the removal of gross nicks on the knife edge, the direction is: 1. toe to heel 2. heel to toe A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____65. Common lubricant used for honing: 1. xylene 2. liquid paraffin A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____66. Preferred for processing of whole eye sections: 1. wet celloidin 2. dry celloidin A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____67. Incomplete fixation causes the tissue to be: 1. soft 2. brittle A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____68. Air holes found on tissue during trimming is due to incomplete: 1. fixation 2. impregnation A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____69. Presence of bubbles or dirt in the embedding medium causes: 1. unequal thickness of sections 2. formation of holes in the section A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____70. A process whereby a selected tissue specimen is immersed in a watch glass containing isotonic salt solution, carefully dissected or separated, and examined under the microscope: A. teasing B. crushing C. squash preparation D. smear preparation _____71. Which of the following is not a histochemical fixative? A. formol saline B. acetone C. absolute ethyl alcohol D. Bouin’s solution

_____72. Which of the following is not attributed to frozen section? E. used for immediate pathological diagnosis F. eliminate alteration of tissue caused by fixation G. permit a wide variety of histochemical procedures H. none of these _____73. The amount of fixing fluid should be 10 to 20 times the volume of specimen except when using: A. commercial formaldehyde C. Picric acid B. acetone D. osmium tetroxide _____74. Kardasewitsch’s method of removing formalin pigment involves placing the section for 5 minutes to 3 hours, depending on the amount of pigment in a mixture of: E. 70% ethyl alcohol and 28% ammonia water F. 80% ethyl alcohol and 28% ammonia water G. 10% formalin and 90% water H. 10 parts formalin and 90 parts water _____75. When using Bouin’s fluid, a yellow color of the sections on the slide can be removed by treating the section with: A. running water C. sat. soln. of lithium carbonate in 70% alcohol B. ethyl alcohol D. 5% sodium thiosulfate _____76. Brasil’s fixative contains: 1. ethanol 2. formalin 3. picric acid 4. trichloroacetic acid A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____77. When using ethyl alcohol as fixative, the concentration must be: A. 70%-80% B. 75%-80% C. 80% -100% D. 50%-60% _____78. Which of the following tissues should not be fixed with alcohol? E. alkaline phosphatase containing tissues F. lipid containing tissues G. glycogen containing tissues H. carbohydrate containing tissues _____79. Carnoy’s fluid is: 1. very suitable for small tissue fragments 3. good fixative for glycogen 2. initiates dehydration 4. fixes in ½ to 2 hours A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____80. Which of the following solutions is used in softening hard tissues? A. Acetic acid B. Lendrum’s soln C. Zenker’sfluid D. Brasil’s soln _____81. Which of the following fixatives in which the tissue fixed must be thoroughly washed before many stains may be used to best advantage? 1. Zenker’s fluid 2. Helly’s fluid 3. Carnoy’s 4. Bouin’s A. only 1 and 3 are correct D. only 3 and 4 are correct B. only 1 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1 and 2 are correct _____82. Freeze drying uses what temperature for freezing? A. -40C B. -70C C. -100C D. -150C _____83. Which of the following is the slowest decalcifying agent? A. Formic acid B. Nitric acid C. Versene D. HCl _____84. Generally, the volume of the impregnating medium should be at least ___ times the volume of tissue. A. 10 B. 15 C. 20 D. 25

_____85. When using Tissue Tek system, the tissue is embedded in ____ deep. A. 2mm B. 5mm C. 10mm D. 15mm _____86. When trimming blocks, at least ____ of wax should surround the tissue block. A. 2mm B. 5mm C. 10mm D. 15mm _____87. In cytology, this refers to the percentage of cells with shrunken, dark, small structureless nuclei. A. maturation index C. pyknotic index B. pleomorphic index D. hyperchromatic index _____88. Which of the following are anticoagulants used for cell blocks? 1. potassium oxalate2. heparin 3. citric acid-citrate 4. EDTA A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____89. Mounting is done to: 5. protect the specimen from physical injury 6. protect the section from bleaching 7. prevent damage and distortion 8. facilitate staining A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____90. The deeper red colored eosin: 1. eosin B 2. eosin Y A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____91. Stain recommended for Nissl’s granules or chromophilic bodies: 1. toluidine blue 2. crystal violet A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____92. Weigert’s hematoxylin contains: 1. iron 2. alum A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____93. Stain for demonstration of calcium salt deposits: 1. Congo red 2. acridine red 3B A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____94. Nicks or damage on the knife edge causes: 1. splitting of ribbons 2. unequal thickness of ribbon A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____95. Knife recommended for cutting paraffin embedded sections on a rotary microtome: 1. biconcave 2. plane concave A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____96. Lifting of sections from knife on upstroke may be due to: 1. too vertical knife tilt 2. too warm room A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____97. Incomplete dehydration and clearing of tissues may cause: 1. tearing of sections 2. crooked and uneven ribbons A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong

_____98. Loose clamp set screws on block or knife holder causes: 1. varying thickness of tissue 2. wrinkled section A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____99. It is the term given to any change in the form of the tissues in the section from that of the tissue in the block. 1. distortion 2. orientation A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong ____100. Tissues when infiltrated with carbowax require ____ changes to complete infiltration. A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

HE HE HE HE HE HE

WHO WHO WHO WHO WHO WHO

KNOWS OTHERS IS LEARNED KNOWS HIMSELF IS WISE CONQUERS HIMSELF IS STRONG IS CONTENDED IS RICH IS DETERMINED HAS STRENGTH OF WILL DOES NOT LOSE HIS CENTER ENDURES. HISTOPATHOLOGIC TECHNIQUES PRE-BOARD EXAMS

NAME _____________________________________________________ Rating ___________________ INSTRUCTION. Each of the numbered items or incomplete statements is followed by answers or by completions of the statement. Select the ONE lettered answer or completion that is BEST in each case. _____1. Simple fixative/s: 1. picric acid 2. osmic acid 3. Helly’ssolution 4. glutaraldehyde A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____2. Characteristic of a good fixative: 1. stable 2. hypotonic 3. harden tissues 4. prevent autolysis A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____3. Chromate fixatives: 1. Orth’s fluid2. Regaud’s fluid 3. Moller’s fluid 4. Zenker’s fluid A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____4. Formaldehyde: 9. concentration of pure stock solution is 40% 10. gas produced by oxidation of ethanol 11. dilute 1:20 to make 10% solution 12. fixation time is 24 hours A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____5. Methanol added to formaldehyde:

9. prevent its decomposition to formic acid 10. denatures protein 11. renders tissues unsuitable for electron microscopy 12. prevents precipitation to paraformaldehyde A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____6. Clearing agent/s: 1. xylene 2. toluene 3. chloroform 4. acetone A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____7. Dehydrating agents: 1. acetone 2. dioxane 3. xylene 4. alcohol A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____8. Decalcifying agents: 1. nitric acid 2. hydrochloric acid 3. glacial acetic acid 4. formic acid A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____9. Embedding media: 1. paraffin wax 2. celloidin 3. gelatin 4. paraplast A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____10. Ways to measure extent of decalcification: 1. ion exchange resin 2. radiographic method 3. physical mtd 4. chemical mtd. A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____11. Cells found in vaginal smear: 1. intermediate cells 3. mature superficial cells 2. columnar cells 4. basal and parabasal cells A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____12. Mounting medium: 1. Canada balsam 2. water 3. eukitt 4. permount A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct ____13. Not a gas used in cryostat: 1. oxygen 2. nitrogen 3. nitrogen oxide 4. carbon dioxide A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____14. Not a stain for pituitary gland: 1. Weigert’s 2. OG and EA 3. Fontana 4. Periodic Acid Schiff orange G A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct

_____15. Not importance of ferning: 1. early detection of neoplasia 3. diagnosis of early pregnancy 2. early diagnosis of malignancy 4. early diagnosis of infection A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____16. In the Delafield’s Alum hematoxylin stain, the nuclei will not be stained: 1. blue 2. pink 3. red 4. reddish brown A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____17. Fine powder of aluminum oxide made into paste with water used as abrasive is not used in: 1. stropping 2. staining 3. honing 4. decalcification A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____18. These fluids have to pass thru cytocentrifugation before staining the sediments: 1. bronchial washing 2. pleural fluid 3. urine 4. sputum A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____19. Counterstain: 1. eosin 2. safranin 3. hematoxylin 4. malachite green A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____20. Used in Papanicolau staining: 1. EA50 2. hematoxylin 3. alcoholic eosin 4. OG6 A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____21. Dioxane: 1. non-toxic to man 2. clears 3. miscible with water, xylene, 4. dehydrates A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____22. Acetone: 1. dehydrates 3. fixative for F.A.T. 2. fixative for diagnosis of rabies 4. fixative for pigment A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____23. Tetrahydrofuran: 1. clears 2. immiscible with xylene 3. dehydrates 4. has offensive odor A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____24. Uses of paraffin oven: 1. melting down paraffin 3. infiltration 2. drying slides 4. staining at higher temperature

A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____25. Components of Mayer’s egg albumin: 1. egg white 2. glycerine 3. thymol 4. distilled water A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____26. Effects of fixation: 1. denaturation of protein 3. inhibit dye reaction 2. cells become resistant to damage 4. as mordant A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____27. Zenker’s: 1. potassium dichromate 2. mercuric chloride 3. distilled water 4. glacial acetic acid A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____28. Gendre’s fixative: 1. chloroform 3. formalin 2. ethyl alcohol with picric acid 4. glacial acetic acid A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____29. Clearing agents: 1. chloroform 2. toluene 3. dioxane 4. oil of Cedarwood A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____30. advantages of plastic embedding media: 1. rapid process 3. causes very little distortion 2. permit ultrathin sectioning 4. blocks can be stored indefinitely A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____31. Brittle or hard to cut tissue may be caused by prolonged: 1. fixation 2. dehydration 3. clearing 4. infiltration A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____32. Advantages of celloidin tissue processing: 1. shrinkage is negligible 3. no heat required 2. rapid process 4. minimal distortion of tissue A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____33. Advantages of membrane technique: 9. reduces possibility of cells washing off 10. minimize loss of tumour cells 11. furnishes a more clearly representative sample of cell types 12. permits direct collection of cells from fluid A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct

B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____34. Acid dye/s: 1. alcian blue 2. anilinine blue 3. ponceau S 4. fast green A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____35. Metachromatic dye: 1. azure A 2. Bismark brown 3. Janus Green B 4. toluidine blue A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____36. Mercurial fixative: 1. Heidenhain-Susa 2. Zenker’s A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____37. Picric acid fixative: 1. Bouin’s 2. van de Grift’s A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____38. The purpose of ethyl alcohol: 1. fixative 2. dehydrating agent A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____39. Not a characteristic of a good fixative: 1. safe to handle 2. quick penetration A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____40. Purpose of clearing: 1. to remove acetone 2. to make tissue transparent A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____41. Methods of softening hard tissues: 1. decalcification 2. fixation A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____42. Decalcification methods except: 1. ion exchange resin 2. chelation A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____43. effects of fixatives on tissues: 1. denaturationof proteins 2. hardens tissues A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 wrong _____44. Method of removing pigment left by formalin: 1. picric acid method 2. Lillie’s method A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 wrong _____45. Not a constituent of buffered neutral formalin: 1. sodium phosphate 2. sodium acetate A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 wrong _____46. Recommended for nuclear studies of bacteria: 1. acetone 2. alcohol A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 wrong _____47. Recommended for biopsies and tumors of the skin: 1. Bouin’s 2. Helly’s A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 wrong _____48. Alcohol containing fixative:

are

are

are

are

are

1. Gendre’s 2. Newcomers A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C.

1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____49. Fixation is retarded by: 1. increased temperature 2. size of specimen A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____50. THF is a: 1. clearing agent 2. dehydrant A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____51. Fixes and dehydrates: 1. acetone 2. alcohol A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____52. Most common and best embedding medium used for routine tissue processing: 1. xylene 2. paraffin A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____53. The melting point of paraffin: 1. 55C 2. 60C A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____54. Clearing agents for paraffin embedding: 1. xylene 2. toluene A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____55. The concentration of formaldehyde in Bouin’s fluid: 1. full strength 2. 10% A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____56. Method for celloidin embedding recommended for bone, teeth, large brain sections and whole organs: 1. wet celloidin 2. dry celloidin A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____57. Recommended for urgent biopsies where fast work and time element is important: 1. gelatin embedding 2. vacuum embedding A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____58. Dehydration is to be avoided in: 1. celloidin embedding 2. gelatin embedding A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____59. Used for cutting celloidin embedded sections: 1. sliding microtome 2. rotary microtome A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____60. Paraffin sections are usually cut between: 1. 10-15u 2. 4-6u A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____61. Knife recommended for cutting paraffin embedded sections on a rotary microtome: 1. biconcave 2. plane concave

A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____62. Knife recommended for cutting embedded sections on a freezing microtome: 1. biconcave 2. plane concave A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____63. Wedge angle- the angle formed by the slides of the wedge knife is between; 1. 27-32 degrees 2. 14-15 degrees A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____64. Honing involves the removal of gross nicks on the knife edge, the direction is: 1. toe to heel 2. heel to toe A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____65. Common lubricant used for honing: 1. xylene 2. liquid paraffin A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____66. Preferred for processing of whole eye sections: 1. wet celloidin 2. dry celloidin A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____67. Incomplete fixation causes the tissue to be: 1. soft 2. brittle A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____68. Air holes found on tissue during trimming is due to incomplete: 1. fixation 2. impregnation A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____69. Presence of bubbles or dirt in the embedding medium causes: 1. unequal thickness of sections 2. formation of holes in the section A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____70. A process whereby a selected tissue specimen is immersed in a watch glass containing isotonic salt solution, carefully dissected or separated, and examined under the microscope: A. teasing B. crushing C. squash preparation D. smear preparation _____71. Which of the following is not a histochemical fixative? A. formol saline B. acetone C. absolute ethyl alcohol D. Bouin’s solution

_____72. Which of the following is not attributed to frozen section? I. used for immediate pathological diagnosis J. eliminate alteration of tissue caused by fixation K. permit a wide variety of histochemical procedures L. none of these _____73. The amount of fixing fluid should be 10 to 20 times the volume of specimen except when using: A. commercial formaldehyde C. Picric acid B. acetone D. osmium tetroxide _____74. Kardasewitsch’s method of removing formalin pigment involves placing the section for 5 minutes to 3 hours, depending on the amount of pigment in a mixture of:

I. 70% ethyl alcohol and 28% ammonia water J. 80% ethyl alcohol and 28% ammonia water K. 10% formalin and 90% water L. 10 parts formalin and 90 parts water _____75. When using Bouin’s fluid, a yellow color of the sections on the slide can be removed by treating the section with: A. running water C. sat. soln. of lithium carbonate in 70% alcohol B. ethyl alcohol D. 5% sodium thiosulfate _____76. Brasil’s fixative contains: 1. ethanol 2. formalin 3. picric acid 4. trichloroacetic acid A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____77. When using ethyl alcohol as fixative, the concentration must be: A. 70%-80% B. 75%-80% C. 80% -100% D. 50%-60% _____78. Which of the following tissues should not be fixed with alcohol? I. alkaline phosphatase containing tissues J. lipid containing tissues K. glycogen containing tissues L. carbohydrate containing tissues _____79. Carnoy’s fluid is: 1. very suitable for small tissue fragments 3. good fixative for glycogen 2. initiates dehydration 4. fixes in ½ to 2 hours A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____80. Which of the following solutions is used in softening hard tissues? A. Acetic acid B. Lendrum’s soln C. Zenker’sfluid D. Brasil’s soln _____81. Which of the following fixatives in which the tissue fixed must be thoroughly washed before many stains may be used to best advantage? 1. Zenker’s fluid 2. Helly’s fluid 3. Carnoy’s 4. Bouin’s A. only 1 and 3 are correct D. only 3 and 4 are correct B. only 1 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1 and 2 are correct _____82. Freeze drying uses what temperature for freezing? A. -40C B. -70C C. -100C D. -150C _____83. Which of the following is the slowest decalcifying agent? A. Formic acid B. Nitric acid C. Versene D. HCl _____84. Generally, the volume of the impregnating medium should be at least ___ times the volume of tissue. A. 10 B. 15 C. 20 D. 25 _____85. When using Tissue Tek system, the tissue is embedded in ____ deep. A. 2mm B. 5mm C. 10mm D. 15mm _____86. When trimming blocks, at least ____ of wax should surround the tissue block. A. 2mm B. 5mm C. 10mm D. 15mm _____87. In cytology, this refers to the percentage of cells with shrunken, dark, small structureless nuclei. A. maturation index C. pyknotic index B. pleomorphic index D. hyperchromatic index _____88. Which of the following are anticoagulants used for cell blocks? 1. potassium oxalate2. heparin 3. citric acid-citrate 4. EDTA A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____89. Mounting is done to:

9. protect the specimen from physical injury 10. protect the section from bleaching 11. prevent damage and distortion 12. facilitate staining A. only 1,2 and 3 are correct D. only 2,3 and 4 are correct B. only 1,3 and 4 are correct E. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct C. only 1,2 and 4 are correct _____90. The deeper red colored eosin: 1. eosin B 2. eosin Y A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____91. Stain recommended for Nissl’s granules or chromophilic bodies: 1. toluidine blue 2. crystal violet A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____92. Weigert’s hematoxylin contains: 1. iron 2. alum A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____93. Stain for demonstration of calcium salt deposits: 1. Congo red 2. acridine red 3B A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____94. Nicks or damage on the knife edge causes: 1. splitting of ribbons 2. unequal thickness of ribbon A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____95. Knife recommended for cutting paraffin embedded sections on a rotary microtome: 1. biconcave 2. plane concave A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____96. Lifting of sections from knife on upstroke may be due to: 1. too vertical knife tilt 2. too warm room A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____97. Incomplete dehydration and clearing of tissues may cause: 1. tearing of sections 2. crooked and uneven ribbons A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____98. Loose clamp set screws on block or knife holder causes: 1. varying thickness of tissue 2. wrinkled section A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong _____99. It is the term given to any change in the form of the tissues in the section from that of the tissue in the block. 1. distortion 2. orientation A. only 1 is correct B. only 2 is correct C. 1 and 2 are correct D. 1 and 2 are wrong ____100. Tissues when infiltrated with carbowax require ____ changes to complete infiltration. A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

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WHO WHO WHO WHO WHO WHO

KNOWS OTHERS IS LEARNED KNOWS HIMSELF IS WISE CONQUERS HIMSELF IS STRONG IS CONTENDED IS RICH IS DETERMINED HAS STRENGTH OF WILL DOES NOT LOSE HIS CENTER ENDURES.

EDWIN C. CANCINO,RMT,MPH,PhD