Hiperactividades y Deficit de Atención Comprendiendo El TDAH
December 21, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Fbpcrkltbvbmkmcs y mâlbt mc ktcolbüo
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Gcrlæ Gk`rcs (lddrm.) Gbrcbk Cslkrmç`ue, Ke`crtd Eksk, Kmrbá Eüpcz, @cktrbz Gkrtçocz, G.ª ]crcsk Gbrü, Ke`crt Gdotkocr Gdotkocr,, Idscp G Gdyk, dyk, \ \uosb uosb \cnù
Fbpcrkltbvbmkmcs y mâ mâlbt lbt m mc c ktcolbüo
Ldgprcombcomd Ldgprcombc omd ce ]MKF
Ldecllbüo Ldo vbvcolbks ;;. Fbpcrkltbvbmkmcs y mâjblbt mc ktcolbüo
Qrb gcrk cmblbüo co pkpce9 cocrd mc 01;0 Qrbgcrk Qrbgcrk Qrb gcrk cmblbüo9 mblbcg`rc mc 01;< © Gbrcbk Cslkrmç`ue, Ke`crtd Eksk, Kmrbá Eüpcz, Gcrlæ Gk`rcs, @cktrbz Gkrtçocz, Gkrt çocz, G.ª crcsk crcsk Gbrü, K Ke`crt e`crt Gdotkocr, Idscp Idscp Gdyk y \uosb \cnù \cn ù © Juomklbü Cueáebk drrks mc @cá. Bostbtut mc Qsbqubktrbk b Qsbldednbk mce oco b mc e‒kmdecslcot © Mc cstk cmblbüo9 Cmblbdocs DLKCMPD, \.E. @kbeâo, 3, prke. ” 161;1 @krlcedok ce.9 2< 0=: =1 10 ” Jkx9 2< 06-6=-220;-316-0 Mbscûd mc ek lu`bcrtk9 dgás dgás Lkpmcvb Lkpmcvbek ek Pckebzklbüo y prdmullbüo9 Cmbtdrbke Dltkcmrd
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Botrdmullbüo
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;. Kspcltds sdlbkecs rceklbdokmds ldo ek sbotdgktdednçk mce MKF
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0. Nuçk mc prëltblk leçoblk sd`rc ce rkstdrod pdr Mâlbt mc Ktcolbüo ldo d sbo Fbpcrkltbvbmkm (MKF) ;2 G Cç, Gæ G, @ Gç, G ç, K K G G \ \ \ù
K K G
3. Qk`ed9 «Ce gdvbgbcotd gc sdstbcoc¸ @ @ G ç
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63
FBQCP KL]BZ BMKMC\ R MÂJBLB] MC K]COLBÜO
:. Mbslusbüo k pkrtbr mc ek Nuçk mc prëltblk leçoblk sd`rc ce MKF y mc eds lksds leçoblds prcscotkmds ;1; K K E I G
>. K gdmd mc ldoleusbüo
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G.ª ] Gü
@b`ebdnrkjçk
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\d`rc eds kutdrcs
;.ª Idrokmk mc rk`kid mc ek JC@ ce ;; mc jc`rcrd mc 01;; ldo ce tçtued9 «Idrokmk mc trk`kid mc ek Nuçk mc prëltblk leçoblk sd`rc ce MKF¸, quc kfdrk rcldncgds y kgpebkgds co cstc eb`rd. Oucstrd knrkmclbgbcotd knrkmclb gbcotd k tdmds eds kutdrcs, ldek`drkmd ldek`drkmdrcs rcs y pkrtblbpkotcs co mblfk Idrokmk.
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;. Kspcltds Kspcltds sdlbkecs rceklbdokmds ldo ek sbotdgktdednçk mce ]MKF \ \ù
Botrdmullbüo rkstdrod pdr mâlbt ldo d sbo fbpcrkltbvbmkm, cstc cs ce mbknoüstbld quc mc odsktcolbüo eecvü k coldotrkrods pkrk rccxbdokr klcrlk mc uo sçomrdgc mc trcgcomk kltukebmkm, tko kltuke quc pkrclc oucvd, kuoquc cs ldodlbmd y mcslrbtd mcsmc fklc yk lksb lks b uo sbned. Mc`bmd k eks gùetbpecs ldosuetks y ke bgpkltd sdlbke quc cstë tcobcomd co cstds gdgcotds, k uo nrupd mc prdjcsbdokecs mc ek Juomklbüo Cueáebk drrks mc @cá sc ods coldgcomü cstc trk`kid, pkrk pdmcr kpdrtkr oucstrk gbrkmk tcürblk, y uok gkocrk mc cotcomcr y k`drmkr mcsmc ek prëltblk prëlt blk ek sbotdgktdednçk mce MKF.
Ldotrdvcrsbks Qcrd ´pdr quâ trk`kikr ldo uo trkstdrod quc yk fk ncocrkmd boougcrk`ecs cstumbds c bovcstbnklbdocs4 Eks rcspucstks pucmco scr gùetbpecs pcrd qubzës uok mc ceeks sck ek quc ods eecvk lekrkgcotc ke ldoscosd9 ek ldotrdvcrsbk quc ncocrk. Sok ldotrdvcrsbk quc cgcrnc mc ek mbvcrsbmkm mc lrbtcrbds kercmcmdr mc su ctbdednçk, mce mbknoüstbld y mce ldosclucotc k`drmkic tcrkpâutbld. Sok sbtuklbüo quc, kebgcotkmk pdr eds gcmbds mc ldguoblklbüo, fk ldotrb`ubmd k ek sd`rcmbjusbüo mce sçomrdgc, k |;;|
FBQCP KL]BZ BMKMC\ R MÂJBLB] MC K]COLBÜO
gcoumd mcsmc uok vvbsbüo gcoumd bsbüo kekr kekrgbstk gbstk y q quc uc sucec pd pdocr ocr ce klcotd co kquceed gës vbsb`ec y mbstdrsbdokmdr9 ek ldomultk. So kspcltd ldolrctd mcotrd mc uo sçomrdgc quc od tbcoc uok ctbdednçk mctcrgbokmk sbod gùetbpec9 sdlbke, jkgbebkr, psbldeünblk, psbldpktdeünblk y `bdeünblk. Cotdolcs pkrclcrçk eünbld, sbcgprc quc jucrk pdsb`ec, pcoskr co dplbdocs tcrkpâutblks bnukegcotc guetbmbgcosbdokecs (Blkrt, 011>). Qdr eds gdtbvds lbtkmds, ce nrupd mc prdjcsbdokecs quc ods fcgds rcuobmd pkrk cek`drkr ek nuçk quc sc prcscotk co cstk pu`eblklbüo, ek cotcomcgds ldgd uok fcrrkgbcotk quc ods pucmc scr ùtbe pkrk coldotrkr uo econukic ldgùo. So ocxd mc uobüo uo büo od sd sded ed pkrk ek mctcllbüo y ce k`drmkic mbrcl mbrcltd td mce MKF, sbod tkg`bâo pkrk jklbebtkr ce mbëednd y ce cotcombgbcotd cotrc cspclbkebstks mc mbjcrcotcs mbslbpeboks y mbspdsbtbvds ksbstcolbkecs mc ek rcm, rclursds y prdjcsbdokecs prdjcsbdokecs quc trk`kiko ldo uok uo k gbsgkMc pd`eklbüo, co cstc lksd, obûds, kmdecslcotcs yrod susy jkgbebks. kquç ek bgpdrtkolbk bgpdrt kolbk mce tr trk`kid k`kid ldo ce cotd cotdrod mc quc sc fknk bgprcslbomb`ec ek bogcrsbüo co ce ldodlbgbcotd ldguobtkrbd mce pklbcotc y su jkgbebk, yk sck mc jdrgk mbrcltk d `bco k pkrtbr mc lddrmboklbdocs ldo eks bostbtulbdocs y prdjcsbdokecs quc trk`kiko y/d botcrkltùko ldo eds gbsgds. Cstc jccm-`klh , pcrgbtc d`tcocr uoks bojdrgklbdocs quc kpdrtko uok vbsbüo ned`ke y ldgpecgcotkrbk k ek sbtuklbüo/mcgkomk mc ldosuetk quc sc prcscotk gcmbkotc ce sçomrdgc mce MKF. Qdr ceed rcsketkgds ek ldovcobcolbk mc tcocr prcscotc ce trk`kid co rcm ldo tdmks eks ërcks mc boucolbk co eks quc sc colucotrk bogcrsd ce pklbcotc, pcrd cspclbkegcotc ldo eds prdjcsbdokecs mce ëg`btd csldekr, pkrk kldgpkûkrecs co ek ldgprcosbüo mc eks mbluetkmcs cgdlbdokecs mce keugod, gës keeë mc ek sbotdgktdednçk gkobcstk. Cstkgds fk`ekomd cspclbkegcotc mc gkcstrds quc mc`co kjrdotkr lekscs lkrkltcrbzkmks pdr ek mbvcrsbmkm9 mbjcrcolbks sdlbdjkgbebkrcs, pcrd tkg`bâo bombvbmukecs mc lkmk keugod (ce quc cs boqubctd, ce quc od cs lkpkz mc prcstkr ktcolbüo, ce quc tbcoc uok nrko mcpcomcolbk mce dtrd pkrk drnkobzkrsc, ctl.). \btuklbdocs quc kûkmco nrkomcs mdsbs mc konustbk ke mdlcotc, qubco, mcs`drmkmd, ods klk`k rclekgkomd uok kyumk lksb gënblk pkrk rcsdevcr sbtuklbdocs |;0|
;. K\QCL]D\ \DLBKEC\ PCEKLBDOKMD\ LDO EK \BO]DGK]DEDNÇK MCE ]MKF
k gcoumd mcscspcrkmks, k eks quc botcotkgds mkr rcspucstk y drbcotklbüo, cxprcskomd oucstrk vbsbüo mbknoüstblk.
Colkikr co ek sdlbcmkm ^bo obldtt (;2>0-;2>6 ^boobldtt ;2>0-;2>6)) mblc quc ce obûd tbcoc ek tkrck mc mb mbrbn rbnbr br y ldotrdekr su guomd botcrbdr y cstk tkrck od sc pucmc boblbkr fkstk quc ce obûd od cstâ `bco kldgdmkmd co su lucrpd y sck lkpkz mc mbjcrcolbkr cotrc ed quc cstë mcotrd y ed quc cstë jucrk, ksç ldgd ed quc cs rcke y ed quc cstë co su jkotksçk. \u mdgbobd mce guomd cxtcrod mcpcomc pucs, mc su guomd botcrod. (Mc @knnktbob, 011>)
Mc @knnktbob scûkek ek bgpdrtkolbk quc cstd mc`c tcocr pkrk lukequbcr cspclbkegcotc lukomd cstc prcscotk mbluetkmcs obûd, co ce pcrd gkocid mce guomd cxtcrbdr. Obûds quc vbvco covucetds pdr eds rcprdlfcs y pdr uok luepk quc sc guetbpeblk lukomd od sk`co ed quc ecs cstë pkskomd, pcrd sdo ldoslbcotcs mc quc od sdo kquceed quc sc cspcrk`k, sb pcoskgds tko t ko sded co sktbsjklcr eds bmckecs mc eds pkmrcs y mc ek sdlbcmkm, rcprcscotkmk co cstk cmkm pdr ek cslucek. Cstk sbtuklbüo sbtuklbüo scrçk pdld ldg ldgpktb`e pktb`ecc ldo ed qu qucc mcslrb`c @k @k-rumy (01;1) ldgd oclcskrbd pkrk pcrgbtbr quc uo obûd eecnuc k colkikr mcotrd mc ek sdlbcmkm, quc sc ldovbcrt ldovbcrtkk co uo scr sdlbke9 ek kpdrtklbüo ldotboukmk pdr pkrtc mc eds pkmrcs mc lubmkmds y cstçgueds pkrk su mcskrrdeed, ksç ldgd mc kjcltd y cmulklbüo, quc ec kyumco k botcnrkr uok bgknco mc sç gbsgd ldotrb`utbvk y pdsbtbvk. Cstd od sbcgprc cs pdsb`ec lukomd eks gkob gk objcstklbdjcstklbdocs mce fbid supdoco uoks mdsbs mc luepk y cstrâs pkrk ek jkgbebk, k ek quc sc kûkmc ek prcsbüo cxtcrbdr mc ek cslucek, cspklbds mc dlbd, jkgbebk cxtcosk d kgbstkmcs quc tkgpdld cotbcomco quâ cstë pkskomd ldo cstc obûd.
|;), «ek gcmblklbüo juolbdok, pcrd lukomd sc mk ldgd prbgcr trktkgbcotd pucmc clebpskr eds `coclbds mc eks botcrvcolbdocs psbldsdlbkecs¸. Krgko quc eds pkmrcs quc lucotko ldo uo k`drmkic tcrkpâutbld ldg`bokmd, mcskrrdeeko od sded uok gcidr ldgprcosbüo mc sus fbids, sbod tkg`bâo uo gcidr scotbgbcotd fklbk ceeds pumbcomd tcocr uo gcidr iublbd mce prd`ecgk y, pdr ed tkotd, ek pcrlcplbüo mc uo bolrcgcotd mce ldotrde. Co lukotd ke obûd, eds trktkgbcotds psbldsdlbkecs, cspclbkegcotc ek psbldtcrkpbk, od sc mbrbnco ùoblkgcotc k rc`kikr ce sçotdgk d ldoscnubr uo lkg`bd mc ldgpdrtkgbcotd, sbod tkg`bâo k drnkobzkrekscelkusks pcoskgbcotd cgdlbdocs, rcmulbcomd d rcsdevbcomd quc fkoy eks mcscolkmcokmd ce sçotdgk, y lkpklbtëomded pkrk kjrdotkr oucvks sbtuklbdocs. Qkrclcrçk Qkrclcr çk bombsl bombslutb`ec utb`ec quc gc gcrclc rclc ek pcok pekotckrsc eds trktkgbcotds tkg bcotds psbldsdlbkecs pkr pkrkk cstks sbotdgktde sbotdgktdednçks, dnçks, gës kkeeë eeë mc eecnkr k uok u ok gcrk ldrrcllbüo ldomultuke. Ldgd guy `bco rcsugc Blkrt (011>), (011>), «mc`cgds kyumkr k eds kmuetds lcrlkods lcrl kods ke o obûd bûd ldo MKF k cotcomcr gcidr sus gdmceds mc vbmk, k rcnuekr eks cxpcrbcolbks ldtbmbkoks y k gcidrkr su lkpklbmkm mc botcnrkr eds kspcltds knrkmk`ecs y mcsknrkmk`ecs mc ek rceklbüo ldo eds mcgës sbo rdgpcr ce vçolued¸. Cstumbds cspclbkebzkmds gucstrko quc ce cxlcsbvd usd mce mbknoüstbld MKF, k vclcs rckebzkmd pdr eds prdpbds pkmrcs d gkcstrds, fk eecvkmd k sd`rcpkskr eks cstkmçstblks eünblks mc bolbmcolbk pd`eklbdoke y cstd, cotrc dtrks ldsks, rcprcscotk uo bgpdrtkotc prd`ecgk mc skeum pù`eblk. Mbvcrsds krtçlueds co mbkrbds, rcvbstks y ldguoblklbdocs k eds pkmrcs, fko pdpuekrbzkmd cstc lukmrd, uo mbknoüstbld quc, pdr ed gcmbëtbld y ncocrkebzkmd, kpdrtk uok jkesk trkoqubebmkm k eds prdncobtdrcs y prdjcsbdokecs prdjcsb dokecs lcrlk lcrlkods ods k eds obûds, yk quc sc fk`ek mce tcgk lksb ldgd sb sc trktkrk mc uok sucrtc mc cpbmcgbk. Qdr ed tkotd, od mc`crçkgds ldgctcr ce crrdr mc trkoqubebzkr k eds kmuetds ldo |;=|
;. K\QCL]D\ \DLBKEC\ PCEKLBDOKMD\ LDO EK \BO]DGK]DEDNÇK MCE ]MKF
uok sdeulbüo gcmblkgcotdsk kpkrcotcgcotc rëpbmk y clkz, sbo tcocr co lucotk quc ce mcstbod mc cstc obûd pucmc iunkrsc pdr dtrds kspcltds mc su pcrsdokebmkm (Mc @knkttbob, 011>). Mc ek gbsgk gkocrk quc fk`ekgds mc ek bgpdrtkolbk mc pdmcr kldgpkûkr, cxpeblkr, scotkrods ke ekmd mc eds fbids, pdr cicgped, cicgpe d, pkrk vcr mctcrgbokmds prdnrk prdnrkgks gks mc tcecvbsbüo, k dtrd obvce, qubzës scrçk ed quc mc`crçkgds fklcr ldo cstds pkmrcs d gkcstrds quc mcrbvko d fklco eecnkr k oucstrk ldosuetk k obûds y kmdec kmdecslcotcs slcotcs lldo do u uo o ctbquctkic fclfd. \crçk oclcskr oclcskrbd bd dr drbcobcotkrecs pkrk quc pumbcrko etrkr lbcrtks bojdrgklbdocs gksbvks quc prdvbcoco mc eds gcmbds mc ldguoblklbüo, jdrds, mc ek gkmrc mc «V¸, quc k su fbid ec pksk`k ed gbsgd y tdgk uok gcmblklbüo jkotëstblk… Cojktbzkrçk ek bgpdrtkolbk mc ldokr co eds prdjcsbdokecs y co eds rclursds cspclbkebzkmds, kuoquc cstd bgpebquc tbcgpd.
Ce ldotcxtd Cstkgds fk`ekomd mc ldotrdvcrsbks ldostkotcs, mbvcrsks y ldotrkmbltdrbks dpbobdocs quc fko kpdrtkmd ldojusbüo k eks jkgbebks, k eds prdvccmdrcs mc skeum, cmulkmdrcs y ncstdrcs pdeçtblds (OBF,0 011>). dmd cstd ncocrk mbspcrsbüo y, k vclcs, jketk mc ldokozk fklbk kquceeds quc supucstkgcotc fko mc prdtcncr y kyumkr, kend quc sc ldgpeblk su`stkolbkegcotc pdr ek ldojrdotklbüo gkobcstk cotrc kquceeds quc cxkncrko eds `coclbds mc uo mctcrgbokmd trktkgbcotd y eds quc cxkncrko ce pcebnrd. Fky quc tcocr co lucotk quc cstkgds co uok âpdlk co ek quc eds kmuetds cstëo co lrbsbs, y, sbo cg`krnd, mctcrgbokmds tbpds mc trktkgbcotd pksko pdr ketd ek bolbmcolbk mce ldotcxtd, k pcskr mc eks bovcstbnklbdocs quc mcgucstrko ek bgpdrtkolbk mc tcocr prcscotc prcscotc ce ëg`btd mco mcotrd trd mce luk lukee ce obûd sc mcsk mcskrrdeek rrdeek (Krgstrdon ct ke., 0111, lbtkmd co BBOEQ,) fklc rcjcrcolbk k eks sbtuklbdocs jkgbebkrcs ldrrcektbvks. Cxpeblk quc cvbmcotcgcotc sc mc`co k`drmkr eds sçotdgks, pcrd fklc jketk br gës keeë y, kpkrtc mc cxpedrkr ek cstrulturk mc pcrsdokebmkm mce obûd, cs oclcskrbd tcocr uo ldodlbgbcotd mc eks lkrkltcrçstblks mc su cotdrod, uok gbrkmk mcsmc ek quc pdmkgds ldgprcomcr eks lkpklbmkmcs y/d ebgbtklbdocs mc eds pkmrcs k ek fdrk mc kyumkr cgdlbdokegcotc k su fbid, ek cstrulturk y mboëgblk jkgbebkr, ksç ldgd ce cotdrod sdlbke. |;>|
FBQCP KL]BZ BMKMC\ R MÂJBLB] MC K]COLBÜO
Lbcrtd cs quc ods coldotrkgds ldo pkmrcs ldo mbluetkmcs y suj sujrbg rbgbcotds bcotds quc ecs bgpbmco pdmcr ktcomc ktcomcrr kmclukmkgcotc k sus fbids. Cstkgds fk`ekomd tkg`bâo mc kquceeds pkmrcs ldo cslksk lkpklbmkm mc tdecrkolbk y ldotcolbüo, ldo prd`ecgks rceklbdokecs y sdlbkecs (ldobltds jkgbebkrcs nrkvcs, mbluetkmcs sdlbdcldoügblks, tdxbldgkoçks, trkstdrods gcotkecs, bostbtulbdokebzklbdocs prcldlcs, cotrc dtrds). Cstks sbtuklbdocs, sugkmks k ek prcsbüo mce mçk k mçk, fklco kdrkr mboëgblks co eks quc eds gbcg`rds qucmko corcmkmds co uoks bocrlbks quc ldovbcrtco ek cxpcrbcolbk rceklbdoke co uok vbvcolbk cxlcsbvkgcotc cstrcskotc. Eks mcgkomks y konustbks mce obûd lfdlko ldo ek prcsbüo y cxbncolbk mc uo kmuetd quc, tkg`bâo oclcsbtkmd, sbcotc lügd sc pdoc k pruc`k su lkpklbmkm pkrk pcoskr y gkocikr ek sbtuklbüo mc uok jdrgk drnkobzkmk. Sok gkocrk mc fklcr co ek quc prcmdgboc ek botcrkllbüo pdsbtbvk y eds eçgbtcs sc Ksç pucmko cgpktçk. pucs,pdocr pkrk ldo ek gkydrçk mc o obûds bûds ldo sbotdgktde sb otdgktdednçk dnçk lldgdgpktb`ec ldo ce MKF, cs kmclukmk uok ldg`boklbüo mc botcr vcolbdocs vcolbdo cs psbldsdlbkecs y gâmblks pkrk kyumk kyumkrr k mcskr mcskrrdeekr rdeekr sus fk`bebmkmcs fk`be bmkmcs y o oclcsbmkmcs clcsbmkmcs prcscotcs y jut juturks. urks. R cs tk tkotd otd uo mcskjçd y uok d`ebnklbüo âtblk pkrk tdmds eds prdjcsbdokecs mc ek skeum gcotke bojkotbe, ldgd ce rcldodlbgbcotd mc uok rckebmkm gdrke, sdlbke y leçoblk. Ldbolbmbgds ldo Eksk (011>) co quc cs urncotc kldrmkr quâ fklcr, qubâo ed tbcoc quc fklcr y ldo quâ drmco mc prbdrbmkmcs. Qkrk okebzk ok ebzkrr, mbr mbrçk çk quc od sc trktk mc `uslkr luepk`ecs luepk`ecs,, ob mc mcpdsbtkred tdmd co ek jkgbebk, jkgb ebk, d co ek cslucek, d co eks gùetbpecs gùet bpecs jdrgks mc cotcomcred. Okmk gës ecids mc ed quc prctcomcgds, yk quc sc trktk mc rccxbdokr, mc tcocred prcscotc ldgd tc tcgk gk mc ldolbcolbk sdlbke y od sded mc uods lukotds, luk otds, pdrquc lukomd fk`ekgds mc `bcocstkr y pcrsdoks, vkgds gës keeë mc ek sdlbdcldodgçk. Fk`ekgds mc prcvcolbüo y ktcolbüo pkrk prdtcncr ek sdlbcmkm mce `bcocstkr, uok sdlbcmkm quc, kuoquc jrënbe co ek kltukebmkm, cs mc ek quc mcpcomc ce juturd. So juturd quc od sc pucmc lrckr k pkrtbr pkrt br mce kzk kzkr, r, ob mc mcikr ikr co gkods mc dtrd, supcmbtkmd k ek `ùsqucmk mc sdeulbdocs rëpbmks quc od bgpebquco uo prdlcsd, co mcobtbvk, mc jdrgk od pcoskmk, fbpcrkltbvk. |;6|
0. Nuçk Nuçk mc p prëltblk rëltblk le leço çoblk blk sd` sd`rc rc ce ]rkstdrod pdr Mâlbt mc Ktcolbüo ldo d sbo Fbpcrkltbv Fbpcrkltbvbmk bmkm m (]M (]MK KF) G Cç, Gæ G, @ Gç, G ç, K K G G \ \ \ù
;. Qrcscotklbüo Cstk surnc ek oclcsbmk oclcsbmkm mc ldoscosd cotrc prdj prdjcsbd ecs mcNuçk mbjcrcotcs mbjcrc otcsmcmbslbpeboks, km p pkrt krtbr br mc eekk botcnrklb botcnrklbüo üocsbdokm mcc okuo cojdquc psbldmboëgbld y mc ek prëltblk leçoblk rckebzkmk co ek Juomklbüo Cueáebk Cueá ebk d drrks rrks mc @cá (JC@ (JC@). ). Cspcrkgds quc pucmk scr uok fc fcrrkg rrkgbco bcotk tk ùtbe pkrk pkrk co coldo ldo-trkrr uo econukic trk econu kic ldgùo co ek mctcllbüo y k`drmki k`drmkicc mc cstc mbknoüstbld, kmcgës mc jklbebtkr ce mbëednd y ce cotcombgbcotd cotrc cspclbkebstks mc mbjcrcotcs mbjcrcotcs mbslbpeboks y mbspdsbtbvds m bspdsbtbvds ksbstco ksbstcolbklbkecs mc ek Pcm. Ce mbknoüstbld y k`drmkic mce eekgkmd rkstdrod pdr Mâlbt (MKF) cstë rdmckmd mc mc Ktcolbüo ldo d sbo Fbpcrkltbvbmkm (MKF) uok lbcrtk ldotrdvcrsbk8 co pkrtc mc`bmd k ek mbjusbüo mce mbknoüstbld, quc fk prdgdvbmd uo k`usd mce gbsgd, co dlksbdocs cotcombmd ldgd uo ctbquctkmd rëpbmd tkotd co su ctbdpktdncobk, ldgd co ek tcrkpâutblk k scnubr. Cstd fk ncocrkmd uok mbluetkm co ek ldgprcosbüo mc ek prd`ecgëtblk ektcotc mce obûd, co ce k`drmki k`drmkicc tcrkpâ tcrkpâutbld utbld y co ce mc eks mboëgblks mce ëg`btd jkgbebkr jkgb ebkr y csldekr, mc mc`bm `bmd d k quc cstk vbsbüo mct mctcrgbo crgbobstk bstk pdoc ce klcotd co ek ldomultk.
|;2|
FBQCP KL]BZ BMKMC\ R MÂJBLB] MC K]COLBÜO
0. Botrdmullbüo Ce MKF, scnùo oucstrk gkocrk mc cotcomcr ke obûd mcsmc uok pcrspcltbvk ned`ke, cs uo mbknoüstbld sbotdgëtbld quc pucmc ldostbtubr, tke ldgd cxpdomrcgds, ek gkobjcstklbüo gës cxtcrok d ldomultuke mc mbvcrsks pktdednçks psçqublks. K gcou gcoumd, md, sded cs ldosbmcrkmd ldgd uo trkstdrod trk stdrod `ësblkgcotc ocurd`bdeünbld lkrkltcrbzkmd pdr prd`ecgks mc jketk mc ktcolbüo y/d ldomultk fbpcrkltbvk-bgpuesbvk, gës jrclucotc y scvcrk quc ek d`scrvkmk fk`btukegcotc co obûds mc ek gbsgk cmkm quc od prcscotko cstk prd`ecgëtblk (KQK,= 0111). Cstk ldomultk botcrcrc co ek kltbvbmkm csldekr, jkgbebkr y/d sdlbke mce obûd. Ce fclfd mc ld ldosbmcrkr osbmcrkr mbvcrsk mbvcrskss pktd pktdednçks ednçks psçqublks ldgd
jkltdrcs «ldgür`bmds¸, tke mce ldgd kpkrclcEds co kvkolcs gulfks kltuknuçks, supdoc uo rcmullbdobsgd trkstdrod. ecs co ocurdlbcolbks pdoco mc gkobcstd, lkmk vcz gës, ek boucolbk bo ucolbk mce mcskrrdeed ocurdsbdeünbld, ek mdtklbüo ncoâtbncoâtblk y ek botcrrceklbüo ldo eds jkltdrcs jkgbebkrcs, ldgd kspcltds quc ldonurko ce psbqubsgd fugkod. [ucmk k`bcrtd uo lkg`bd mc pkrkmbngk co ek rceklbüo `bdednçk-psbqubsgd, cotrc ek leësblk dpdsblbüo mc ek ctbdednçk psçqublk y ek ctbdednçk drnëoblk mc eds jcoügcods. Cstc oucvd pkrkmbngk ldosbmcrk quc ce fclfd psçqubld y ce fclfd `bdeünbld, pcsc k od tcocr uok gcmbmk ldgùo, tbcoco uo ërck mc botcrscllbüo. Mc ek ldosbmcrklbüo mc uok ctbdpktdncobk guetblkuske d ùoblkgcotc ocurd`bdeünblk mcpcomcrë su k`drmkic tcrkpâutbld. Co cstc ùetbgd lksd ce trktkgbcotd scrë jkrgkldeünbld, kldgpkûkmd mc tcrkpbk ldnobtbvd-ldomultuke, cotrcod mc eks eekgkmks juolbdocs ciclutbvks, ksç ldgd rcldgcomklbdocs k eds pkmrcs y gkcstrds. \b sc ldosbmcrk quc cstk sbotdgktdednçk tbcoc tkg`bâo uok `ksc psbldeünblk, co juolbüo mc ek botcrkllbüo cstk`eclbmk cotrc ce obûd y su cotdrod, sc mkrë cspclbke âojksbs ke mbknoüstbld mbjcrcolbke. Ce k`drmkic =. Kgcrblko Kgcrblko Qsylf Qsylfded dednblke nblke Kssdlbktbd Kssdlbktbdo. o. |01|
0. NSÇK MC QPËL]BLK LE ÇOBLK \D@PC CE ]P K\]DPOD QDP MÂJBLB] MC K]COLBÜO
tcrkpâutbld ldg`bokrë ek drbcotklbüo k eds pkmrcs, pkrk quc pucmko mcskrrdeekr eks juolbdocs pkrcotkecs kmclukmks, y ce trk`kid tcrkpâu tcrkpâutbld tbld ldo ce obûd obûd,, tkotd k obvce mc pcoskgbcopcoskgbcotd ldgd rceklbdoke. rceklbdoke. Mcotrd mc cstc cojdquc sc pucmc boleubr co kenuods lksds ce trktkgbcotd jkrgkldeünbld, yk sck pkrk mcsfklcr uo lçrlued vblbdsd cstk`eclbmd pdr ek jketk mc ldotcolbüo mce cotdrod cotdrod fklbk ce ob obûd, ûd, yk sck pdr ek botcosbmkm b otcosbmkm mc eds sçotdgks, quc od pcrgbtc quc ce obûd pucmk pkrtblbpkr kmclukmkgcot kmcluk mkgcotcc mc ek m mboëgblk boëgblk jk jkgbebk gbebkrr, csldekr y sdlbke. Co cstk nuçk nu çk trktkrcgds, p pucs, ucs, mc rccikr rccikr oucstrk oucstrk vvbsbü bsbüo o mc ek ctbdpktdncobk guetblkuske quc mk eunkr k cstk sbotdgktdednçk, ksç ldgd ek bgpdrtk bgpdrtkolbk olbk mc uo mbknoüstbl mbkn oüstbld d mb mbjcrc jcrcolbke olbke quc od sded ldotcgpec eks lkpklbmkmcs botcecltbvks, ek ktcolbüo y eds kspcltds ldomultukecs, sbod tkg`bâo ek pktdednçk su`yklcotc quc sc gkobcstk k trkvâs mc mbjcrcotcs fbpcrkltbvbmkmcs y mcemkrcgds mâlbt mc ktcolbüo. Ke cjcltukr rcldnbmk mc ek kokgocsbs tkotk bgpdrtkolbk k eds ek mktds cvdeutb vds, ldgd k eds kspcltds kspcl tds quc ods mco bmck mce leb lebgk gk cgdlbdoke y rceklbdoke co ce quc sc fk mcskrrdeekmd ce obûd mcsmc ce boblbd mc ek vbmk fkstk ce gdgcotd mc ek ldosuetk.
y tcocr uok rcpcrlusbüo bgpdrtkotc co eks juolbdocs sdlbkecs, klkmâgblks d ek`drkecs ldgd bomblkmdrcs co ek fbstdrbk fbstdr bk cvdeutbvk mce obûd/k obûd/k (KQK, 0111).
. \bstcgk Oklb Oklbdoke doke mc \keum. |0=|
0. NSÇK MC QPËL]BLK LE ÇOBLK \D@PC CE ]P K\]DPOD QDP MÂJBLB] MC K]COLBÜO
Rd, Rd, sc mcsk mcskrrdee rrdeekk co u uo o ldotcx ldotcxtd td rceklbdoke csp cspclçld clçld y cstë boubmk pdr jkltdrcs ncoâtblds, botcrlkg`bds cgdlbdokecs prbgbtbvds, tcgpcrkgcotd y gblrdtrkugks. Co rclbcotcs bovcstbnklbdocs, bovcst bnklbdocs, J Jdokny dokny (011:) fk cstumbkmd eds trkstdrods mc ek vbolueklbüo kjcltbvk, ldoleuycomd quc9
Ce trkstdrod mce vçolued prdmulc mbsldotboubmkmcs co ek cstrulturk mce scej quc quc sdo, pdr ed ed tkotd, mbsldotboubmkmcs mbs ldotboubmkmcs co ek bmcotbmkm. Lukomd fky uok pd`rc gcotkebzklbüo mc eds pkmrcs, jrclucotcgcotc ek coldotrkgds tkg`bâo co eds fbids y ek botcrkllbüo sc mk co târgbods jçsblds, ldrpdrkecs… Lukomd od cxbstc ek juolbü ju olbüo o cspcluekr (gbrrdrbon ) co ek gk gk-mrc, rccikomd eds cstkmds gcotkecs mce fbid, prcmdgbok ek cvkluklbüo mc eks tcosbdocs co jdrgk sdgëtblk sdgët blk yy//d gdtrb gdtrbz. z.
@rdwo (011). |03|
FBQCP KL]BZ BMKMC\ R MÂJBLB] MC K]COLBÜO
Blkrt (011>) mcstklk eks kpdrtklbdocs mc @crncr (;222) quc, k rkçz mc uok bovcstbnklbüo fclfk ldo :1 lksds y k pkrtbr mc ldostktklbdocs tcürbld-leçoblks, prdpdoc mds fbpütcsbs tcürblks9
So jkeed co ek rceklbüo ldo ce d`ictd prbgkrbd. Ldgpdrtkrçk
uo fdembon (^boobldtt, ;2:1) mcjcltudsd, uo jrklksd co ek vbvcolbk vb vcolbk mc ek bom bombspcos bspcosk`ec k`ec cxpcrbcolbk mc ek dgobpdtcolbk (^boobldtt, ;2:0)9 «od sded ce d`ictd cstë keeç, sbod quc tkg`bâo cstë keeç pkrk âe¸8 kmcgës mc ek kpkrblbüo mc eds «prdlcmbgbcotds kutdtrkoqubebzkmdrcs¸ kutdtrkoqube bzkmdrcs¸ ((\zwcl, \zwcl, ;22) krgk quc cstks lkrcolbks tko prbgbtbvks kjcltko k ek cstrulturklbüo y drnkobzklbüo lcrc`rke, yk quc sc prdmulco co gdgcotds lekvcs mce mcskrrdeed y scrëo prd`k`ecgcotc eks quc gës tkrmc sc mctcltco co eds cstumbds, pdr cicgped, mc ocurdbgknco. |0:|
0. NSÇK MC QPËL]BLK LE ÇOBLK \D@PC CE ]P K\]DPOD QDP MÂJBLB] MC K]COLBÜO
ke y ldgd cxpeblk Koscrgct (011:), mcsmc eds rclbcotcs cstumbds mc eks ocurdlbcolbks, sc fk mcgdstrkmd quc ek fuceek mc ikmk pdr ek cxpcrbcolbk cxpcr bcolbk (y ldgd cx cxpcrbcolbk pcrbcolbk ods rcjcrb rcjcrbgds gds k eks botcrkllbdocs rceklbdokecs, botcrlkg`bds cgdlbdokecs mc vbolueklbdocs vbvbmks su`ictbvkgcotc scnùo ek mdtklbüo mce obûd) prdmulc uok fuceek psçqublk y uok fuceek sboëptblk. Eks fuceeks psçqublks od scrçko sdekgcotc ldoslbcotcs, sbod quc kmcgës cstks fuceeks sc ksdlbko cotrc ceeks ycomd gës keeë mc ek cxpcrbcolbk y ldostruycomd uok rckebmkm boldoslbcotc, co ldotboud lkg`bd pdr eks rcgdmceklbdocs mc eks fuceeks yk y k bosl boslrbtks. rbtks. dmd cstc mbokgbsgd iucnk iucnk uo pkpce mctc mctcrgb rgbokotc okotc co co ek ldostbtulbüo mce suictd. Qdr ed tkotd, od pdmcgds qucmkrods co uo gdmced mc tbpd rccid, scnùo uok lkuskebmkm sbgpec y ebocke, pkrk cxpeblkr eds jcoügcods gcotkecs. Od ods pdmcgds qucmkr co uok `bdednçk quc mcic mc ekmd ek mbgcosbüo mce suictd (Gknbstrcttb y Koscrgct, K oscrgct, 011: 011:). ).
Pcvbsbüo sd`rc eds jkltdrcs ctbdeünblds mce ]MKF Mcspuâs mc ek rcvbsbüo mc mbjcrcotcs kutdrcs y pkrtbcomd tkg`bâo mc oucstrk cxpcrbcolbk leçoblk, pdmcgds ldoleubr quc sc eecnk ke mbknoüstbld m bknoüstbld sbotd sbotdgëtbld gëtbld mc MKF MKF k pkrt pkrtbr br mc ek botcrrceklbüo mc jkltdrcs mc prcmbspdsblbüo ncoâtblk, jkltdrcs `bdeünblds y kspcltds mclbtkrbds co ek ldgpecik botcrkllbüo mce obûd ldo ek gkmrc d lubmkmdr prbgkrbd. Ek juolbüo ju olbüo ccspclu spcluekr ekr mce lubmkmdr prbgkrbd prbgk rbd fklc quc ce obûd pucmk lrckr rcprcscotklbdocs mc sus mbjcrcotcs cstkmds gcotkecs, k pkrtbr pkrt br mc ek mcvdeu mcvdeulbüo lbüo pdr pkrtc mce lubmkmdr prbgkrbd prbgk rbd mc bgëncocs gdmblkmks, pcrd rcldodlb`ecs, rcl dodlb`ecs, mc eeds ds cstkmds kjclt kjcltbb vds quc cstë cxpcrbgcotkomd. cxpcr bgcotkomd. Ce sbstcgk mc rcprcscotklbdocs gcotkecs oklc y sc vk fklbcof klbcomd gës ldgpecid gcmbkotc ek botcrokebzklbüo mc eks rcspucstks mc ek gkmrc k eds cstkmds cgdlbdokecs mce `c`â. Cstc mcskrrdeed mce sbstcgk rcprcscotklbdoke cs bombspcosk`ec pkrk kmqubrbr ek lkpklbmkm mc gcotkebzklbüo, oclcskrbk pkrk quc ce bombvbmud mbjcrcolbc sus kjcltds y eds mc eds dtrds, rcnuec eds prdpbds cstkmds kjcltbvds y mâ ldotboubmkm y cxb`bebmkm k ek ldomultk botcrpcrsdoke. |0>|
FBQCP KL]BZ BMKMC\ R MÂJBLB] MC K]COLBÜO
Ek kuscolbk d ce jkeed mc ek rceklbüo cspcluekr ncocrk uo sbstcgk mc rcprcscotklbdocs gcotkecs gcotkecs cgpd`rclbmks c bosu bosulbcotcs lbcotcs pkrk rcnuek rcn uekrr eds kjcltds y ldotco ldotcocr cr ce guomd puesbdoke. Luk Lukomd omd ek gkmrc d lubmkmdr od pucmc prdlcskr eds cstkmds gcotkecs mce `c`â y sc mccomc mc jdrgk cvbtktbvk, sc prcdlupk mc jdrgk cxkncrkmk cxkncrk mk d sc lcotrk sded co ccee lubmkmd jçsbld, bgpb bgpbmc mc quc ccee obûd kmqubcrk uok u ok rcprcscotklbüo m mcc eds gbsgds. Co cst cstkk sbtuklbüo mc mbluetkm mc ldotcolbüo mc ek cxpcrbcolbk psbldeünblk y mc eds pcoskgbcotds y scotbgbcotds, ce scej `uslk `uslk dtrks vçks mc cvkluklbüo, k trkvâs mce ldgpdrtkgbcotd (kltuklbüo, prdvdlklbüo, kutd y fctcrdknrcsbdocs), ce gdvbgbcotd sbo d`ictbvd (fbpcrkltbvbmkm), ek bgpuesbvbmkm d eks sdgktbzklbdocs. Eds pkmrcs pkm rcs quc od pucmco ldgprcomcr eks cgdlbdocs mc sus fbids y fklcr uo rctdrod kmclukmd, eds prbvko mce kprcombzkic c botcrbdrbzklbüo mc ek juolbüo mc trkosjdrgklbüo y rcnueklbüo mc eds cstkmds kjcltbvds, kjclt bvds, yk qucmcmko dlksbüo ksbüo kgcotkecs uo sbstcgk mc rcprcscotklbdocs cgpd`rclbmd susdl cstkmds y eds mc eds dtrds, ksç ldgd k uo scej pdld pdld botcnrkmd y mcsdrnkobzkmd. Co cstk sbtuklbüo ce obûd sc pucmc gdstrkr boscnurd, boqubctd c boldfcrcotc, od sdekgcotc co sus rceklbdocs, sbod tkg`bâo co ce mcskrrdeed mc juolbdocs psbldeünblks tko ldgpeciks ldgd ek sbg`debzklbüo, ek ktcolbüo y ek gcgdrbk, mkomd dlksbüo k ek prcscotklbüo mc uok sbotdgktdednçk ldgpktb`ec ldo ek quc sc mcslrb`c co ce MKF.
=. Mbknoüstbld Co juolbüo mce ldolcptd quc tconkgds mc eds sçotdgks mce MKF, cojdlkrcgds ce mbknoüstbld. Cvbmcotcgcotc, ods pdmcgds qucmkr qucmkr co ed edss sçotd sçotdgks gks d, pdr ce ldotrkrbd, p prcnuotkr rcnuotkrods ods pdr ek pcrsdokebmkm mce ob obûd ûd c bovcstbnkr co cstk eçock cstum cstumbkobkomd sus vbvcolbks, sus kosbcmkmcs, mcjcosks y rclursds pkrk fklcr jrcotc k eks sbtuklbdocs. kg`bâo eks lkrkltcrçstblks mc su cotdrod, quc ldgprcomco ldgprcomco eks lkpklbmkmcs d ebg ebgbtklbdocs btklbdocs mc eds pkmrcs pkrk kyumkr cgdlbdokegcotc k su fbid, ek cstrulturk y ek mboëgblk jkgbebkr y ce cotdrod sdlbke mc ek jkgbebk y ce obûd. |06|
0. NSÇK MC QPËL]BLK LE ÇOBLK \D@PC CE ]P K\]DPOD QDP MÂJBLB] MC K]COLBÜO
\cnùo Eksk (0116), kotcs mc mctcrgbokr ce tbpd mc botcrvcolbüo ldovcobcotc sc mc`crë rckebzkr uok cxfkustbvk cvkeuklbüo mbknoüstblk gcmbkotc9
Cotrcvbstks k eds pkmrcs. Cvkeuklbüo psbldeünblk. Pcldnbmk mc bojdrgklbdocs mce cotdrod cmulktbvd, gâmbld y sdlbdldguobtkrbd.
=.; Cotrcvbstks k eds pkmrcs Ek kosbcmkm, ce mcs`drmkg mcs`drmkgbcotd bcotd y ek brrbtk`be brrbtk`bebmkm bmkm cstëo jrclucotcgcotc prcscotcs co eds pkmrcs mce obûd ldo ldomultk fbpcrkltbvk, ldsk quc bgpeblk uok k`bebmkm vkrbk`ec mc sus vkedrklbdocs, cspclbke lukomd sc cjcltùk prbolbpkegcotc k trkvâs mc co lucstbd lucstbdokrbds okrbds quc odcstk pcrgbtc pcrgbtco o ek ldot ldotcxtuk cxtukebzklbüo, ebzklbüo, ob ek gktbzklbüo. rktkrcgds mc fklcr uok rcldnbmk pdrgcodrbzkmk mc ek kokgocsbs. Co eds obûds ldo sbotdgktdednçk MKF sc colucotrko mcslrbplbdocs leçoblks scgcikotcs co cmkmcs kotcrbdrcs co sus fbstdrbks cvdeutbvks. Qdmcgds mbjcrcolbkr cotrc eds obûds mc 1 k : kûds y eds obûds mc : k ;0 kûds (Eksk, 0116).
Obûds mc 1 k : kûds Fkstk eds ;6 gcscs9
Mcslr btds ldgd `c`âs «guy gdvbmds¸, prdtcstdocs y nrbtdocs. Mcslrbtds nr btdocs. Mcskrrdeed gdtdr co ncocrke rëpbmd y gkrlkmd, k pkrtbr mce mcspekzkgbcotd, mcspekzk gbcotd, nktcd y gkrlfk, pdr ce mcsldodlbg mcsldodlbgbcotd bcotd mc mcee pcebnrd y ce rbcsnd y rcpctblbüo mc kllbmcotcs. Ketcrklbdocs mce sucûd ((mbl mbluetkmcs uetkmcs pk pkrk rk ldolb ldolbebkr ebkr ce sucûd, quc sucec scr ebncrd y ldo sd`rcsketds) y mce kpctbtd (cslksd c brrcnuekrgcotc rcpctbtbvd). Qrcmdgbobd mc ek boqubctum y ek botrkoqubebmkm ldo cslksds pcrbdmds mc lkegk y ktcolbüo trkoqubek. Od suceco `uslkr k ek gkmrc, ldo ek gbrkmk d ldo ek gçgblk, pkrk utbebzkrek ldgd puotd mc rcjcrcolbk y mc drbcotklbüo. |02|
FBQCP KL]BZ BMKMC\ R MÂJBLB] MC K]COLBÜO
Pclurrco gcods quc dtrds obûds ke k`rkzd y ke kpcnd ldgd `ùsqucmk mc ldotcolbüo. \c pucmc ncocrkr ksç uok pcrtur`klbüo prcldz co ek botcrkllbüo gkmrc-fbid y mc eds gclkobsgds mc kutdtrkoqubebzklbüo mce obûd, y ketcrkrsc ksç uod mc eds rcnuekmdrcs fk`btukecs mc ek cxlbtklbüo y ce mcs`drmkgbcotd mce obûd. Mc eds ;6 gcscs k eds < kûds9 k ûds9
Pctrksd co ek kpkrblbüo kpkrblbüo y ek drnkobzklbüo mce ec econukic onukic.. Qrcldlbmkm gdtrbz pcrd pdld krgüoblk pdr ek bgpuesbvbmkm y `rusqucmkm mc eds gdvbgbcotds. gdvb gbcotds. Mbluetkmcs co ek gdtrblbmkm ok pdrquc cxbnc pklbcolbk y ubmcz d, ed quc cs ed gbsgd, ktcolbüo sdstcobmk. Eds bgpuesds mcsldotrdekmds y ek bgprumcolbk ldgbcozko k scrrbcsnd jrcluco jrclucotcs y k konustbkr k ek jk jkgbebk. gbebk. Ce mctcs kllbmcotcs mdgâstblds (ldotkltd ldo colfujcs, boncstks bokprdpbkmks) d cxtcrbdrcs (lkçmks, ldgpdrtkgbcotds tcgcrkrbds mbvcrsds) suceco scr gulfd gës jrclucotcs quc co dtrds obûds. K pkrtb pkr tbrr mc eds =-3 kûds9
Ce ldgpdrtkgbcotd mcsdrmcokmd bovdeuotkrbd d, k vclcs, vdeuotkrbk vdeuotk rbkgcotc gcotc mcstr mcstrultdr, ultdr, ncocrk rëpbmds ldo ldobltds bltds mcsmc ek cotrkmk mce obûd co kg`bcotcs ldecltbvds. Sok vcz co ceeds, k pkrtbr pkr tbr mc eds =-3 kûds, ek sbotdgk sbotdgktdednçk tdednçk sc vk kscgc ikomd k ek e k mcsl mcslrbtk rbtk co ek ccmkm mkm mc rcjcrcolbk (k pkr pkrtb tbrr mc eds : kûds).
Obûds mc : k ;0 kûds k ûds Eds sçotdgks juomkgcotkecs j uomkgcotkecs sdo9
Mâlbt mc ktcolbüo. Fbpcrkltbvbmkm. Bgpuesbvbmkm.
|) «sdo cspclbkegcotc ùtbecs lukomd ce MKF sc prcscotk ldoiuotkgcotc ldo uo trkstdrod mcprcsbvd, pcrd cotdolcs fk`rçk quc rcpekotckrsc, sbnubcomd eks rcldgcomklbdocs mc ek LBC-;1, sb eds sçotdgks mc jketk mc ktcolbüo od jdrgko pkrtc mc uo sçomrdgc mcprcsbvd¸.
|=:|
0 . NS NS Ç K M MC C Q P ËL Ë L ] B LK LK L E Ç O OBB L K \ D @ @P PC CE ] ]P PK\]D DP P O D Q DP D P M J B LB LB ] M MC C K] ]C COLB
O
6. Ke drb rbtg tgdd mc gkoc koc d
oocrs,
]rkst ]rkst c bost cslde
Gko lrbsbs d`sc
ks
Ld
|=>|
FBQCP KL]BZ BMKMC\ R MÂJBLB] MC K]COLBÜO
2. Kocxd ]cst mbknoüstblds
Ce tcst mc botcebncolbk G\LK d cslkek mc GlLkrtfy cs uo ldoiuotd mc cslkeks quc cvkeùko kspcltds vcr`kecs, gkobpuektbvds y mc gcgdrbk, ksç ldgd tkg`bâo gdtrblcs, co uok uo k jrkoik mc cmkm quc vk mc eds 0 kûds y gcmbd fkstk eds 6 y gcmbd. Eds tcst mc eks cslkeks ^cslfecr ^cslfecr (^QQ\B, ^B\L-P y ^ ^B\LB\L-BZ) BZ) sdo tcst quc cvkeùko ek botcebncolbk vcr`ke y ek od vcr`ke d gkobpuektbvk. Co ek ^B\L-BZ, kpkrtc mce jdrgktd kltukebzkmd, sc kûkmco oucvks cslkeks quc pcrgbtco cvkeukr ek gcgdrbk y ek ldolcotrklbüo. Co su ldoiuotd lu`rco uok jrkoik mc quc vk mc eds < k eds ;: kûds. ek ektcrkebmkm y ek gkEkscmkm pruc`ks bostrugcotkecs cxpedrko murcz mc ek pcrlcplbüo y lddrmboklbüo vbsuke scnùo ek cmkm. Ce tcst ncstëetbld vbsdgdtdr mc Ekurcttk @comcr (;2) cvkeukrcgds, k trkvâs mce mb`uid mc uok jkgbebk y mce lucstbdokrbd pdstcrbdr, ek bmck mc jkgbebk ksç ldgd ce obvce y lkebmkm mc eks bmcotblklbdocs y prdycllbdocs co eds pcrsdokics quc ek botcnrko. Co ce tcst mce mb`uid mce kobgke (Ecvy, 011=) cxpedrkrcgds ek bmcotblklbüo ldo kspcltds gës bostbotbvds y mcjcosbvds mcotrd mc ek drnkobzklbüo mc ek pcrsdokebmkm mce suictd. Ed |=6|
0. NSÇK MC QPËL]BLK LE ÇOBLK \D@PC CE ]P K\]DPOD QDP MÂJBLB] MC K]COLBÜO
kldgpkûkrcgds mce rcektd mc uok fbstdrbk bovcotkmk pkrk d`scrvkr d`scrv kr ek lkebmkm mc eks kosbcmkmcs y mc mcjcosks jcosks prdycltkmks. Co ce tcst mce FQ (Fdusc, rcc kom Qcrsdo), (@ceekh, ;2:3) pcmbrcgds eds mb`uids mc uok lksk, uo ër`de y mc ek pcrsdok mc uod y mc dtrd scxd, ksç ldgd fbstdrbks bovcotkmks mc eds gbsgds pkrk vkedrkr eks kosbcmkmcs, mcjcosks y ldobltds prdycltkmds co eds pcrsdokics. pcr sdokics. Co ce tcst mc LK (0 k ;1 kûds) d K (k pkrtbr mc eds ;; kûds) (Gurrky, ;2 kûds, tdmd ed quc sck cstkr co gdvbgbcotd. 6. Co ce LMBKQ LMBKQ sc ktbcomc k obûd obûdss y obûks mc 1 k : kûd kûdss ldo mbluetkmcs cvdeutbvks cvdeutbvks pdr lkusks drnëoblks, drnëo blks, psbldeünblks y/ y/d d kg`bcotkecs, d ldo rbcsnd mc prcscotkreks. prcscotkrek s. |3;|
FBQCP KL]BZ BMKMC\ R MÂJBLB] MC K]COLBÜO
Qdr dtrd ekmd, kûkmco quc od ldgc süebmd y quc vdgbtk. Ce pkmrc lrcc quc k gcoumd cs ce prdpbd fbid qubco sc ed prdvdlk9 cgpbczk k tdscr y vdgbtk ek ldgbmk. Ldgcotko quc sc kebgcotk ldgd uo `c`â9 ldgc eçqubmd y trbturkmd, tbcoc uok mbctk guy rcstrbonbmk. Eds pkmrcs sc gucstrko konustbkmds jrcotc ke prüxbgd boblbd mc ek csldekrbmkm pdr ce prd`ecgk mce obûd ldo ek ldgbmk. Qbcosko quc od qucrrë boncrbr eds kebgcotds quc ec mco. kg`bâo ecs prcdlupko eds gbcmds odlturods mc Gkrtço. Ec lucstk ldolbebkr ce sucûd y k gcoumd sc mcspbcrtk murkotc ek odlfc y sc gctc co ek lkgk mc eds pkmrcs. Lukomd ek prdjcsbdoke quc ecs ktbcomc ecs ldgcotk quc pkrclc quc ce obûd gucstrk tcgdr, konustbk y gkecstkr y quc prd`k`ecgcotc tkg`bâo cstks cgdlbdocs lbdo cs tbcoc tbcoco o quc vcr ld ldo o eks mblu mbluetkm etkmcs cs mc kebgcotklb kebgcotklbüo, üo, ce pkmrc ksbcotc ldgd cotcombcomd ek sbtuklbüo y ek gkmrc gkm rc sc qucmk Co sdrprcombmk. cstk prbgcrk vbsbtk ce obûd cstë gdvbâomdsc pdr ce mcspklfd pcrgkocotcgcotc. \c klcrlk mcsmc ce boblbd k uok lkik mc iunuctcs quc sc ec djrclc y vk cspkrlbâomdeds pdr ce suced, sbo pdmcr drnkobzkr obonùo iucnd. Eds pkmrcs ec vko mblbcomd quc sc cstâ qubctd, pcrd od d`tbcoco obonùo rcsuetkmd.
Kotclcmcotcs Mc eds mktds mc ek kokgocsbs mcstklko eds sbnubcotcs kspcltds9 Kotcs mc tcocr cstc fbid, ek gkmrc tuvd mds k`drtds trks trk s eds lukecs ec ldstü mds kûds qucmkrsc qucmkrsc cg`krkzkmk mc Gkrtço. Gkrt ço. Co ce prbgcr trbgcstrc mc cg`krkzd tuvd pârmbmks ecvcs. Ce pkrtd sc prdmuid mc jdrgk cspdotëock k eks 1|
=. CE \SQSC\]D ]MKF
Mc ek ldovcrsklbüo gkotcobmk ldo ce CKQ y ek gkcstrk mc cmulklbüo cspclbke, gbcotrks cjcltuë`kgds ek cxpedrklbüo, mcstklkrâ quc cstk ktcomçk k Lkreds trcs vclcs pdr scgkok bombvbmukegcotc co scsbdocs mc uok fdrk, ldo ce d`ictbvd mc rcjdrzkr eks gktcgëtblks gktcgëtblks y ek ecltdcslrbturk. Ldgc Ldgcotü otü qu qucc cstk`k mcsldolcrtkmk mc`bmd k quc co eks lekscs «od tdecrk`k eds eçgbtcs, sc gkrlfk`k mc ek leksc lukomd sc jrustrk`k pdrquc od sk`çk kenuok kenu ok ldsk quc tcoçk quc fklcr y ldotboukgcotc mclçk quc sc k`urrçk¸. k`urr çk¸. Qkrk kyumkr k ldgprcomcr eks mbluetkmcs mc Lkreds ecs cxpebquâ quc cstc sujrçk uo trkstdrod co ek cstrulturklbüo mc su pcoskgbcotd y mc su pcrsdokebmkm, ec jketk`ko rclursds cgdlbdokecs y ldokozk co sç gbsgd. Qdr cstk rkzüo rclekgk`k ktcolbüo ldostkotcgcotc, sc gdstrk`k jrënbe, bombjcrcolbkmd, vueocrk`ec vu eocrk`ec y sc conkolfk`k k eds kmuetds quc ec fklçko mc rcjcrcotc, k ekRd oclcsbmkm mclbr, ec mc`bmd fblbcrk mc kuxbebkr. mc quc kenubco ec drnkobzkrk, cs
\çotcsbs mbknoüstblk Co eks pruc`ks cs odtk`ec ek pdlk drnkobzklbüo pcrsdoke mc Lkreds, ce ketd obvce mc kosbcmkm, kotc ce luke ce obûd utbebzk mcjcosks mc tbpd cvbtktbvd, mc ldotrde y mc fuçmk. Od fk kelkozkmd ce obvce mc mbjcrcolbklbü mb jcrcolbklbüo o quc ldrrcspdomcrçk k su cmkm. Co cstc scotbmd cs odtk`ec su tcomcolbk k kmfcrbrsc k eds dtrds quc lkrkltcrbzk ek gkydr pkrtc mc sus rceklbdocs botcrpcrsdokecs (gkmrc, gkcstrks, rceklbüo tcrkpâutblk). Co sus ldgcotkrbds k pkrtbr mce mb`uid eb`rc gucstrk su ldostkotc mumk y ldotrkmbllbüo, sc sbcotc boscnurd, mcstklkomd uo pcoskgbcotd jrkngcotkmd. Mcotrd mc eks pdsb`bebmkmcs mbknoüstblks mce LBG-2-GL2 (011>), sbtukrçkgds k Lkreds co ce 022.61 Mbskrgdoçk Cvdeutb vk mc cst cstrult rulturk urk psblütblk, quc pcr pcrtcoclc tcoclc kkee nnrupd rupd mc eds GN (rkstdrods Gcotkecs Nrkvcs co ek bojkolbk). Cstc mbknoüstbld 2. Zcrsbüo Zcrsbüo lktkekok mc ek Leksblklbü Leksblklbüo o Botcroklbd Botcroklbdoke oke mc Cojcrgcmkmc Cojcrgcmkmcs, s, 2. 2.ªª rcvbsbüo. Gdmblklbüo leçoblk. |>;|
F BQ C PK L ] BZ BM K M C \ RM ÂJBL B] M C K ] C O L BÜ O
co ce LBG-2-GL tbcoc uok pdsb`ec ldotboubmkm co ce 0|
=. CE \SQSC\]D ]MKF
oukgcotc mu`btktbvd pdrquc brsc bgpeblk`k qucmkrsc sded y âe oclcsbtk`k prdxbgbmkm pkrk scotbrsc scnurd. Mcstkquâ quc cstk jketk mc rclursds cgdlbdokecs botcrjcrçk mc jdrgk bgpdrtkotc co ek kmqubsblbüo mc sus kprcombzkics. Ek lddrmboklbüo ldo ce CKQ y ek gkcstrk mc cmulklbüo cspclbke cstk`k cst k`k sbco sbcomd md cjcltbvk yk quc, scnù scnùo o ek gkmrc, sc vkedrk`ko eds pcqucûds lkg`bds pdsbtbvds y sc gkotcoçko eks kyumks mc rcjucrzd csldekr. Co rceklbüo k Lkreds, k pcskr mc su ketd obvce mc kosbcmkm, ods pkrclbü kmclukmd boblbkr uo trktkgbcotd psbldeünbld sbo prcslrb`br obonùo psbldjërgkld mc cotrkmk. \b ce cstk`eclbgbcotd mce trktkgbcotd mbsgbouçk kend ek kosbcmkm y ce obûd pdmçk kprdvclfkr ce trk`kid ldo odsdtrds, pdmrçkgds kfdrrkrec kfdrrk rec eds boldovcobcotcs m mcc ek gcmblklbüo. Co ncocrke, prcjcrbgds kmgbobstrkrek kmgbobst rkrek lukomd jkeek jkeeko o eks gcmbmks psbld psbldeünblks eünblks y gkotcocrek ce gcodr tbcgpd pdsb`ec.
]rktkgbcotd Boblbâ uo trktkgbcotd mc psbldtcrkpbk bombvbmuke ldo uok pcrbdmblbmkm scgkoke ldo Lkreds, kmcgës mc cotrcvbstks mc drbcotklbüo k eds pkmrcs ldo uok jrclucolbk gcosuke, ldo ce d`ictbvd mc kgpebkr ek ldgprcosbüo mc su fbid y rcjdrzkr su juolbüo pkrcotke. Gc botcrcsâ pdr ek prcscolbk mce pkmrc co eks scsbdocs, pcrd ek gkmrc gc mbid ldo rdtuombmkm quc od pdmrçk scr, mc`bmd k quc su gkrbmd vbkik`k k gcoumd pdr rkzdocs mc trk`kid y eecnk`k guy tkrmc k lksk. Co uok rclbcotc vbsbtk mc scnubgbcotd, ek gkmrc gc mbid quc ce pkmrc b`k k vcobr pcrd quc ke oke ec fk`çk skebmd uo trk`kid ecids mc ek lbumkm quc sc ed bgpbmbü. Ldo uo lbcrtd scotbgbcotd mc kebvbd, gc ldojcsü quc cstk`k gës kobgkmk pucs d`scrvk`k kenuods lkg`bds pdsbtbvds co Lkreds, pcrd tkg`bâo tcoçk kenuoks mumks. Cstk`k C stk`k botcrcskmk co cotcomcr «´ «´quâ quâ mc`çk mc scotbr su fbid pkrk prcnuotkrecs tkotks vclcs sb ec qucrçko4¸. kg`bâo mcstklü quc co ce ùetbgd mçk mc ek kltbvbmkm cxtrkcsldekr k ek quc ksbstçk, ec mbcrdo uok gcmkeek y, ke skebr, Lkreds ec prcnuotü sb kfdrk cstkrçk gës drnueedsk drnue edsk mc âe. âe. |>=|
=. CE \SQSC\]D ]MKF
K ldotbouklbüo cxpdomrâ uo lksd quc, k pcskr mc scr mcrbvkmd ke L\GBI ldo uok fbpütcsbs mbknoüstblk sbgbekr, ek mc MK, rccik bgpdrtkotcs mbjcrcolbks co lukotd ke mbknoüstbld cstrulturke, trult urke, ek mboëgblk m mcc eks rcek rceklbdo lbdocs cs jkgbebkrcs, ce prdlcs prdlcsd d mce trktkgbcotd y ce prdoüstbld.
Ëecx, «lkgbod «lkg bod fklbk ek fdnucrk¸ fdnucrk¸ Qrbgcrk vbsbtk vbsbtk Ë ecx tcoç Ëecx tcoçkk ;1 kûds luk lukomd omd v bod ke L\G L\GBI BI kldgpk kldgpkûkmd ûkmd mc su gkmrc. Jucrdo mcrbvkmds pdr ce CKQ, k okecs mc lursd, mc`bmd k uo pdsb`ec MK quc mcslrb`çko mc cstk gkocrk9 «cstë kuscotc, od ldek`drk, fk d`tcobmd uods rcsuetkmds csldekrcs guy `kids k pcskr mc fk`cr rcpctbmd mc prbgkrbk, sc gucstrk cspclbkegcotc mcskkotc ldo lukrtd ek kutdrbmkm y ldo bgpdrtkotcs mbluetkmcs mc kmkptklbüo ke oucvd nrupd¸. Co ce bojdrgc bo jdrgc mc mc mcrbv rbvklbüo klbüo kûkmçko eds rcsuetkmds mce ^B\L-P, quc mcstklkrâ gës kmcekotc, kmcekotc, rcke rckebzkmd bzkmd uo kûd kotcs pdr ce g gbsgd bsgd CKQ. Ëecx crk cr k ce gcmbk gcmbkod od mc trcs fcrg fcrgkods, kods, ce gkydr tco tcoçk çk ;< y ce gës pcqucûd 3|
F BQ C PK L ] BZ BM K M C \ RM ÂJBL B] M C K ] C O L BÜ O
y ldgprcosbvd ldo âe âe¸, ¸, «kmcgës ùet ùetbgk bgkgcotc gcotc cstë guy llcedsd cedsd mce pcqucûd¸. So ùetbgd mktd gc pkrclbü sbnoblktbvd, pdr ed quc cxpedrâ klcrlk mc ek mboëgblk jkgbebkr. Ek gkmrc trk`kik`k co uok rcsbmcolbk ncrbëtrblk, co ce turod mc tkrmc y odlfc. Mcslrb`çk gulfk tcosbüo cotrc Ëecx y su pkmrc pkm rc lukomd ce ceek ek od cstk`k, mc`bmd mc`bmd k quc od ldek`drk`k co okmk.
Qrdlcsd cxpedrktdrbd Ke pdocrgc co ldotkltd ldo ce CK CKQ Q, gc trk trkosgbt osgbtbcrdo bcrdo su vk vkededrklbüo9 ldosbmcrk`ko ek fbpütcsbs mbknoüstblk mc quc sc trktk`k mc uo MK, yk quc ed vcçko mcspbstkmd y ldo mbluetkmcs pkrk ldolcotrkrsc. Juc J uc pdr ceed quc dptkrdo pdr ek rcpctblbüo mc lursd. cg`krnd,suekrcombgbcotd rcspucstk mccsldekr, Ëecx odkmcgës juc ek cspcrkmk, mkmd quc\bo mbsgbouyü mc od kmkptkrsc ke nrupd n rupd c bboleusd oleusd gkotc gkotcocr ocr uok pdsturk mcskkotc mcskk otc rcspcltd rcspcltd k ek tutdrk. Mc ek cxpedrklbüo bombvbmuke ldo Ëecx, quc ldosbstbü co luktrd scsbdocs mc lukrcotk y lbold gboutds lkmk uok, mcstklkrâ eds rcsuetkmds mc ek cvkeuklbüo mc sus kptbtumcs botcecltukecs y gdstrk gdstrkrâ râ su cstkmd cgdlbdoke k trkvâs mce mb`uid c fbstdr fbstdrbk bk mce ër`de quc jdrgk pkrtc mc ek pruc`k prdycltbvk nrëlk, FQ (Fdusc, rcc kom Qcrsdo), ldgd cecgcotd gës rcprcscotktbvd quc sbotctbzk`k su cxprcsbvbmkm cgdlbdoke9
cst mc Botcebncolbk, ^ ^B\L-P9 B\L-P9 “ Ldclb Ldclbco cotc tc Botc Botcebnc ebncolb olbkk dtke9 dtke9 ;;: “ Ldclbcotc Ldclbcotc Zcr`ke ;;;;;9 Bojdrgklbüo ;1, \cgci \cgcikozks kozks >>,, Krbtgâtblk Kr btgâtblk ;; ;;,, Zdlk`uekrbd ;=, Ld Ldgprcosbüo gprcosbüo ;;:. :. “ Ldclb Ldclbco cotc tc Gkobpuektbv Gkobpuektbvd d ;;;;>9 Jbnurks boldgpe boldgpectks ctks ;;=, =, Fbstdrbctks ;=, Lu`ds ;3, Pdgpclk`czk Pdgpclk`czkss ;1, Lekvcs 6.
D`tuvd obvcecs sbtukmds co ek pkrtc pkr tc ketk mc ek gcmbk, tkotd co ek puotuklbüo ned`ke ldgd co ek cslkek vcr`ke y ek gkobpuektbvk gko bpuektbvk.. \bo cg`krnd, uo koëebsbs gës mctkeekmd mc eds su`tcst gdstrk`k |>:|
=. CE \SQSC\]D ]MKF
uo pcre gës fctcrdnâocd, ldo puotuklbdocs guy supcrbdrcs9 Zdlk`uek Z dlk`uekrbd rbd ;=, Ldgprcosbüo ;:, Jbn Jbnurks urks Boldgpectks ;=, F Fbsbstdrbctks ;=, Lu`ds ;3. Qcrd tkg`bâo mclbtkrbks9 \cgcikozks >, Lekvcs 6. Dtrds rcsuetkmds sc sbtuk`ko co ek gcmbk9 gcmbk9 Bojdrgklbüo Bo jdrgklbüo ;1, Krbtgâtblk ;;, Pdgpclk`czks ;1. Sok pruc`k quc od kmgbobstrü obst rü ce prdjcsbdoke mce CK CKQ Q, pdsb`ecgcotc pdr pdrquc quc cs dplbdoke, cs ek mce su`tcst mc Mçnbtds, quc k gb pkrclcr cs kmclukmk pkrk vkedrkrr ce mâlbt mc kktcolbüo. vkedrk tcolbüo.
Mb`uid mce ër`de9 kokebzkrâ ce mb`uid quc fbzd mce ër`de yk quc ed ldosbmcrd guy beustrktbvd pkrk prdjuombzkr co ce mbknoüstbld cstrulturke cstrulturk e mc su pcrsdokebmk pcrsdokebmkm. m.
Jbnurk Jbnu rk 0. cst mce ër`de.
Ce mb`uid mce ër`de ldo uo trkzd guy jucrtc y uoks eçocks guy gkrlkmks suncrçko tcosbüo y mbluetkmcs co ce gkocid mc ek knrcsbvbmkm. kg`bâo cxprcsk`k uok mcgkomk mc kyumk9 ek oclcsbmkm mc uods eçgbtcs mbjcrcolbkmdrcs, uo ldotbocotc. Ek eçock mc ek `ksc, ce suced, k pcskr mc cstkr guy rcjdrz rcjdrzkmk kmk od ldoscnuçk csldomcr eks rkçlcs. Pccik`k uo Rd mâ`be, boscnurbmkm d pdld ldotkltd ldo ek rckebmkm. |>>|
F BQ C PK L ] BZ BM K M C \ RM ÂJBL B] M C K ] C O L BÜ O
Ek fbstdrbk quc rckebzü gc bgpkltü kùo gës9 «Fk`çk uo ër`de tko vbcid tko vbcid quc boleusd tcoçk co eks fdiks krrunks y vcrrunks. vcrr unks. So mçk vb vbod od uo nbnkotc n bnkotc y ed ldrtü, sc ed eeecvü ecvü k su lks lkskk y ed pusd pus d co ce jucnd… sc dçk pdp, pdp, pdp… crk crko o eks vcrrun vcrrunks ks quc pctk`ko¸.
\çotcsbs mbknoüstblk Ëecx tcoçk rclur rclursds sds botcecltuk botcecltukecs, ecs, pcrd co ek drnko drnkobzklbüo bzklbüo mc su pcrsdokebmkm mcstklk`k ek bogkmurcz y k obvce cgdlbdoke prcmdgbok`k uo scotbgbcotd mcprcsbvd. Ce muced y ek pârmbmk tcûçko su gdgcotd vbtke. \u pdsc mcjcosbvk ldo uo tdod mcskkotc cstk`k rceklbdokmk ldo su ketd obvce mc sujrbgbcotd y mcscspcrkozk. Mcotrd mc eks pdsb`bebmkmcs mbknoüstblks mce LBG2-GL (011>),mce bombquâ 6|
=. CE \SQSC\]D ]MKF
trk`k cspclbkegcotc brrbtk`ec co cstds gdgcotds y od ldek`drk`k ldo su pkmrc. Ek kuscolbk mc su gkmrc mcik`k uo vklçd rceklbdoke quc od pdmçk tdecrkr, y ed gkobjcstk`k ldo su bokpctcolbk, mcikmcz y jketk mc ldek`drklbüo. Ce nbnkotc tkg`bâo pdmçk rcprcscotkr ek bostbtulbüo csldekr co ldguobüo ldo eds pkmrcs, bgpdobcomd su lrbtcrbd y mclrctkomd ek rcpctblbüo. [ubzës tkg`bâo ek cxbncolbk tkotd co lksk ldgd co ek cslucek, quc ed pcrscnuçk mc`bmd k quc rckebzk`k uoks mcgkomks kjcltbvks quc, ke od scr ktcombmks, ed eecvk`ko k mcskobgkrsc, k od fklcr, k k`komdokrsc y od sdekgcotc ec bgpcmçko scotbrsc `bco, sbod quc ec fklçko kluguekr jrustrklbüo c bgpdtcolbk mc eks quc sc mcjcomçk mc jdrgk mcskkotc, gdstrkomd brrbtklbüo b rrbtklbüo..
]rktkgbcotd Qsbldtcrkpbk bombvbmuke Murkotc ce prbgcr kûd rckeblâ uo trktkgbcotd psbldtcrkpâutbld bombvbmuke ldo uok jrclucolbk qubolcoke, ldg`bokmd ldo cotrcvbstks trcv bstks mc drbcotklbüo k eeds ds pkmrcs lkmk scbs scgkoks. Co C o cstks scsbdocs trktâ mc kgpebkr ek ldgprcosbüo y jdgcotkr ek cgpktçk pkrcotke co eks ldomultks ksdlbkmks k eds lceds y ek mbluetkm mc rceklbüo rceklbüo mc Ëecx ldo sus fcrgkods. E Ekk courcsbs gdstrk`k uo kspcltd guy bojkotbe pdr ce quc sc scotçk cxlcsbvkgcotc mcpcombcotc mce kmuetd y oclcsbtkmd mc mc kpdyd8 mc kenu kenuok ok gkocrk tdmd sc ec cslkpk`k y od pdmçk pdm çk ldotcocrsc. Cotbcomd ek mclbsbüo mc ek rcpctblbüo ldgd uok cxprcsbüo mce ldotcxtd sdlbke sdlbk e co quc vbv vbvbgds bgds co ce quc eks sdeulbdocs k eeds ds prd`ecgks prd`ec gks k vclcs od sc kiustko d od prcscotko ldocxbüo ldo ce drbnco mc eds gbsgds. ke y ldgd mcslrb`c Jcmulfb (01;;)9 Ek boqubctum y ce mcsksdsbcnd co quc vbvc uok nrko pkrtc mc ek sdlbcmkm ldomulco, mcsmc ce puotd mc vbstk psbldsdlbke quc cs ce quc ods dlupk, k uo lebgk mcprcsbvd co ce prcscotc, k uo pcsbgbsgd sd`rc ce juturd y, gës prdjuomkgcotc, k uok lbcrtk luepk`bebmkm quc cgkok mce pkskmd. Cstc lebgk, co oùlecds |>2|
F BQ C PK L ] BZ BM K M C \ RM ÂJBL B] M C K ] C O L BÜ O
prüxbgds (jkgbebk, lcotrds, cslucek, ctl.) mbsgbouyc su lkpklbmkm mc tdecrkolbk tdecrkolbk k ek jrust j rustrklbüo rklbüo y cosdg`rclc cosdg`rclc eks cxpclt cxpcltktbvks ktbvks mc juturd. jutu rd.
Ek brruplbüo mc ek pu`crtkm co Ëecx ldo lekrds ldgpdocotcs bojkotbecs kùo pdr rcsdevcr, rcqucrçk ek ldotcolbüo mc sus oclcsbmkmcs, tcgdrcs y mumks. Co lbcrtk gkocrk cgpczk`k k vbseug`rkrsc vbs eug`rkrsc uok mb mboëg oëgblk blk quc mcslrb`c ldo klbcrtd Jcmulfb (01;;)9 \b ce kg`bcotc cs pdld rclcptbvd d botdecrkotc ldo cstds kspcltds bojkotbecs, pucmc kmqubrbr cxprcsbdocs cxpuesbvks, ek gkydrçk mc eks vclcs rklbdokebzkmks ldo krnugcotds quc fklco gcolbüo ke juturd9 «ce mçk mc gkûkok¸, «fky quc nkokrsc ek vbmk¸, «quâ fkrës lukomd cstâs sded¸.
Co ek prbgcrk vbsbtk, ek gkmrc sc gdstrk`k mcscspcrkozkmk ldo ek kltbtum mc su fbid, gcolbdokomd yk ce jrklksd mc su juturd prdjcsbdoke9 scr vctcrbokrbd. Cstc prbgcr kûd mc trk`ki t rk`kid d ldo Ë Ëecx ecx juc cspclbkegcot cspclbkegcotcc mb mbjçlbe, jçlbe, od cstk`k botcrcskmd co vcobr, mclçk quc sc k`urrçk y ec ldstk`k ldguoblkrsc ldogbnd. K pcskr mc su kltbtum mcskkotc y pdld ldek`drkmdrk pumc cgpktbzkr ldo su mcscspcrd pdr ek rcpctblbüo, quc fk`çk prdvdlkmd prdvdlkmd su gbcmd k pcrmcr ce trco, k qucmkrsc qucmkrs c ktrës pkrk sbcgprc. Ek cxpedrklbüo gc sbrvbü pkrk cotcomcr quc su kltbtum crk uo sçotdgk, gb d`ictbvd tcrkpâutbld sc lcotrü co bomblkrec sus pdsb`ecs kosbcmkmcs y gdstrkrec quâ mboëgblk mc juolbdokgbcotd cstk`ko cicrlbcomd. Qrdlurâ, kmcgës, vkebmkr sus oclcsbmkmcs mc scr kpdykmd y tcobmd co lucotk, mc cxprcskr sus quciks rcspcltd k eds fdrkrbds y cxbncolbks mce kmuetd, y cotcomcr ek mbluetkm kûkmbmk quc supdoçk ksbstbr k eks scsbdocs. Qdld k pdld juc rcld`rkomd su botcrâs y su tdod juc lkg`bkomd, cspclbkegcotc su mcscd mc ldguoblkrsc. Od d`stkotc, mdomc gës sc mctcltkrdo eds `coclbds mc ek botcrvcolbüo juc kotc eds lkg`bds quc sulcmbcrdo jucrk mce trktkgbcotd9 d`tuvd `ucoks odtks co qubotd, rcgbtbü ek courcsbs y gcidrü su tdod vbtke,e, gdstr vbtk gdstrëomdsc ëomdsc gës ko kobgkmd bgkmd y lkpkz pkrk rccgprcomc rccgprcomcrr su |61|
=. CE \SQSC\]D ]MKF
kltbvbmkm cxtrkcsldekr mcpdrtbvk, quc ldgpkrtçk mc oucvd ldo sus kgbnds. Murkotc ce scnuomd kûd, kotc ek lekrk gcidrçk, gkotuvc ce trktkgbcotd,, pcrd rckebzkomd tko sded uo scnubgbcot trktkgbcotd scnu bgbcotd d gcosuke. gcosuke. Ek gcidrçk gcidrçk pcrsbstb pcrsbstbü ü k pcskr mc quc, k gcmbd gcmbd lursd, eds p pkmrcs kmrcs kmdptkrdo k uok obûk sumkgcrblkok, guy mcsckmk pdr tdmds, scnùo ods cxpeblü ek gkmrc. Pcsuetk`k sdrprcomcotc lügd uok jkgbe jkg bebk bk quc sc co coldotrk`k ldotrk`k mcs`drmkmk kotc eks mcgkomks mc eds fbids, mcpdsbtk`k tkotks cxpcltktbvks co ek kmdplbüo, prd`k`ecgcotc mcsldodlcmdrk mce nrkmd mc bgpeblklbüo pcrsdoke quc cstk rcqubcr rcqubcrc. c. So cpbsdmbd mc courcs courcsbs bs o odltur dlturok ok sc scluomkrbk luomkrbk mc trcs gcscs mc murklbüo, ldorgü ek mbluetkm mc Ëecx pkrk kmkptkrsc k cstk oucvk sbtuklbüo, kspcltd quc tkg`bâo trk`kiâ ldo eds pkmrcs co eks cotrcvbstks mc scnubgbcotd. Jbokebzkmk ek prbgkrbk ldo `ucoks odtks, Ëecx, quc tcoçk ;0 kûds, cxprcsü gulfd co boblbkr yk quc o gc rccoldotrkrâ ldo botcrâs gbs kgbnds¸. LdoekceC\D, d`ictbvd mc«pdr vkedrkr eds lkg`bds co ek drnkobzklbüo mc su pcrsdokebmkm y pdr ce fclfd mc quc ce ldotcobmd mce tcst mce ër`de fk`çk qucmkmd co gb gcgdrbk mc gkocrk cspclbke, mclbmç prdpdocrec uo oucvd mb`uid mce gbsgd.
Jbnurkk , sc scxtupeblü. Ldgd rcsuetkmd mc ceed, cecotrc ldstccequc ce gctbejcobmktd fk supucstd pkrk oucstrk skobmkm pù`eblk, cotrc ce 011< y ce 011> 0 11>,, sc fk gu guetbpeblkmd etbpeblkmd pdr lbco. Zbvbgds Zbv bgds pucs co uok luetu lueturk rk co ek qu qucc ek skeum cs uo `bco m mcc mcrclfd uobvcrske y ldgprk`ec. R, kmcgës, oucstrk sdlbcmkm, fk`btuke usukrbk mc lkotbmkmcs gksbvks mc kosbdeçtblds y kotbmcprcsbvds, tkg`bâo pkrclc `bco mbspucstk k klcptkr quc eds psbldcstbguekotcs scko ek sdeulbüo k eds prd`ecgks mc boqubctum, eks mbluetkmcs mc ktcolbüo y eks ketcrklbdocs mce ldgpdrtkgbcotd y rcombgbcotd csldekr quc kjcltko k oucstrds obûds y kmdecslcotcs. kmdecslcotcs. Mc`crçkgds, ldgd prdjcsb prdjcsbdokecs dokecs ldolcrobmds, gkobjcstkr gës lekrkgcotc quc, mblfd sck mc pksd, mcsmc quc tke lrccolbk sc fk cxtcombmd, ce mbknoüstbld mce MKF lrclc co prdnrcsbüo ncdgâtrblk. Dtrk prcnuotk scosktk sc mcmulc mc cstk sbtuklbüo9 ´Lügd cs quc mcsmc quc fcgds coldotrkmd ce trktkgbcotd lkuske, ce trkstdrod kugcotk cspcltkluekrgcotc4
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: . M B \ L S \ B Ü O K QK QK P ] B P M C E K N S Ç K M C Q P Ë L ] B L K L E Ç O B L K \ D @ P C C E ] M K F
Qkrkecekgcotc ksbstbgds k uok ocnklbüo mc ek bgpdrtkolbk co ek ldostbtulbüo mce psbqubsgd y mc ek pcrsdokebmkm mc ek `bdnrkjçk, mce pcoskgbcotd ldgd ldotrkpcsd mc ek bgpuesb vbmkm, mc ek rceklbüo c boucolbk cmulktbvk cmulkt bvk mc eds pkmrcs. \c brrcspdosk`bebzk k eds pkmrcs botcotkomd od luepk`bebzkreds. \c mcsvboluek tkg`bâo ke MKF mc lukequbcr dtrd prd`ecgk psbldeünbld su`yklcotc quc, sc ods mblc, sded cstkrçk prcscotc co eds lksds co quc fky kenuok ldgdr`bebmkm. Qcrd, ldgd eds fclfds leçoblds sdo tcrlds, co pdlds kûds fcgds pkskmd, pkrk eds gbsgds kutdrcs, mc uo prcmdgbobd mc «fbpcrkltbvbmkm purk¸ k uo pdrlcotkic lrclbcotc mc lksds «ldo ldgdr`bebmkm¸ quc kltukegcotc yk kelkozkrçk ce >1-61% mc lksds. (Pcldgbcomd ek eclturk mce prüednd mc @rdwo co su eb`rd sd`rc eds trkstdrods mc ktcolbüo mce 011:.) kg`bâo ek leçoblk fk ldorgkmd, mcsmc sbcgprc, quc od sc pucmc qubtkr bgpdrtkolbk k ek boucolbk mc eks prbgcrks rceklbdocs (y, sbcomd kend prdvdlkmdr, mbrâ quc `kstk pkrk ceed ldo fklcr uok lubmkmdsk fbstdrbk leçoblk). Cstc puotd mc vbstk, v bstk, quc mcjcomcgds kquç kquç fdy, od cs uoëo uoëobgc bgc y fkstk f kstk pucmc scr gbodr gbodrbtkr btkrbd bd co lbcrtds ldotcxtds prdjcsb prdjcsbddokecs. Qucmc quc ed sck rcspcltd rcspcltd k dtrds ëg`btds ncdnrë ncdnrëlds. lds. Mcsldodzld luëe cs ek pdsblbüo prcmdgbokotc co Lktkeuûk, kuoquc supdond quc ke scr mdomc sc cjcltùko, lrcd, ce 21% mc eds coskyds leçoblds, y mdomc eks bomustrbks jkrgklâutblks tbcoco uok gkydr prcscolbk, ek prdgdlbüo mc psbldjërgklds psbldjërg klds y su prcslrbplbüo mc`c scr bgpdrtkotc. bgpdrtk otc. Co ce Qkçs Zksld, ldgd co dtrds eunkrcs, fky uok bgpdrtkotc vkrbk`bebmkm vkr bk`bebmkm co ce mbkn mbknoüstbld oüstbld y trktk trktkgbcotd gbcotd mce MKF. D` vbkgcotc vbk gcotc sc trktk mc u uo o jcoügc jcoügcod od uobvcrs uobvcrske. ke. Rk ed mcouolbü k okecs mc eds odvcotk ce bojdrgc mc cxpcrtds mce OBGFS\K.;1 Mktds rclbcotcs scûkeko quc, pdr cicgped co eds pkçscs oürmblds, oür mblds, ek kmgb kmgbobstrklbüo obstrklbüo mc psbldcstbguekotcs pkrk trktkr t rktkr ce MKF cs co Jboekombk Jbo ekombk dlfd vclc vclcss gcodr qu qucc co Odrucnk y 00 vclcs gcodr quc co Bsekombk. Eds kutdrcs mce trk`kid pbcosko quc ek rkzüo juomkgcotke mc tke mbjcrcolbk cs quc ek lksb ;1. ;1. Oktbd Oktbdoke oke Bostbtutc dj Gco Gcotke tke Fc Fcketf. ketf. |;1>|
F BQ C PK L ] BZ BM K M C \ RM ÂJBL B] M C K ] C O L BÜ O
tdtke bmkm mc eds psbqubktrks mc obûds mc Bsekombk, k mbjcrcolbk tdtkebmkm mc eds odrucnds y eds oekomcscs, sc jdrgko co Cstkmds Sobmds. Zdevbcomd k oucstrd pkçs, co oucstrds L\GBI, sded uod mc lkmk lbold lksds quc eecnko prcmbknodstblkmds mc MKF vco ldo ldorgkmd rgkmd ce mbkn mbknoüstbld. oüstbld. Ek prcslrbplbüo mc gctbe gctbejcjcobmktd cs scbs vclcs supcrbdr co ktcolbüo prbgkrk (pcmbktrçk y gcmblbok gcmblb ok mc jk jkgb gbebk) ebk) y co ocurdpcm ocurdpcmbktr bktrçk çk fdspbtkekrbk fdspbtkek rbk quc co skeum gcotke. Ek vbsbüo «ocurdeünblk¸ mce trkstdrod prcmdgbok co ce ëg`btd pcmbëtrbld gbcotrks quc co skeum gcotke prcvkeclc ek vbsbüo gës lcotrkmk co ek psbldpktdednçk y eds kspcltds rceklbdokecs. Ek E k jdrgk mc ldgprcosbüo ((cv cvbmco bmco-tcgcotc rceklbdokmk ldo ce tbpd mc jdrgklbüo) bouyc tkg`bâo co vkrbk`ecs rcspucstks tcrkpâutblks. Co skeum gcotke, sc sbnuc pcoskomd quc ce psbqubsgd sc ldostruyc co y ldo ek rceklbüo. \b kmcgës ce jërgkld jë rgkld ky kyumk, umk, gcidr quc gci gcidr. dr. Ce juturd j uturd mc ek psbqubktrçk cstë co trcs tcrr tcrrbtd btdrbds9 rbds9
eds trkstdrods mc cspcltrd kutbstk (CK), eds trkstdrods mc ek pcrsdokebmkm (quc boleuyco eds k gb iublbd gke eekgkmds trkstdrods mc ldomultk), eds MKF.
Co tdmds ceeds ce eds ek ldgprcosbüo (y ek tcdr tcdrçk çk)) quc tconkgds mce mcskrrdeed y ek drnkobzklbüo mce psbqubsgd, ldomblbdok bocvbtk`ecgcotc `ecgco tc ek ldgprcosbüo mce su sujr jrbgbcotd bgbcotd (d mce trk trkstdrod stdrod)) y, co ldosclucolbk, ce pdsblbdokgbcotd tcrkpâutbld. Lukecsqubcrk quc scko ek jdrgklbüo y eks ldovbllbdocs quc tconk, eks rcspucstks tcrkpâutblks tcomrëo quc scr mbvcrsks, pdrquc eds jkltdrcs bgpeblkmds co ce mcskrrdeed sdo gùetbpecs. Qdr cicgped, ek nuçk OBLC;; cek`drkmk co Nrko @rctkûk, prdpdoc ldgd prbgcr k`drmkic ce sdpdrtc k ek jkgbebk y ke cotdrod. Cs uo fclfd ce quc ek gkydrçk mc eks nuçks scûkeco ek od cvbmcolbk mc ek clklbk mc eds trktkgbcotds psbldtcrkpâutblds `kskmds ;;. ;;. Oktbd Oktbdoke oke Bostbtutc jdr F Fcketf cketf kom Leboblke Cxlceecolc ((Bostbtutd Bostbtutd Oklb Oklbdoke doke pkrk ek Cxlcecolbk Leçoblk Leç oblk mce Pcbod Sobmd) Sobmd).. |;16|
: . M B \ L S \ B Ü O K QK QK P ] B P M C E K N S Ç K M C Q P Ë L ] B L K L E Ç O B L K \ D @ P C C E ] M K F
co ek rceklbüo. Gktblcgds quc cstd od qubcrc mclbr quc krgco quc od scko ùtbecs sbod quc, pkrk eds lrbtcrbds cxbnbmds pdr ek cvbmcolbk, od ed fko mcgdstrkmd. Lrcd quc k qubcocs lrccgds quc botcrvcolbdocs lcotrkmks co ek rceklbüo tcrkpâutblk y co ce k`drmkic mc eds prd`ecgks cgdlbdokecs y kjcltbvds prdmulco lkg`bds cvbmcotcs, ods fklco jketk bostrugcotds pkrk mcgdstrkrr su utbebmkm trk utb ebmkm y su clklbk. Ek pk pkrkmdik rkmdik mc ek gctdmde gctdmdednçk dnçk mc ek cvbmcolbk lbcotçlk cs quc tkg`bâo pcrgbtc mcslu`rbr luëomd ek cvbmcolbk lbcotçlk fklc trkgpk… pcrd fklc jketk mbspdocr mc uo ldodlbgbcotd y uo tbcgpd mc mcmblklbüo kgpebd y cspclbkebzkmd. Qdr ceed lk`c scûkekr quc cxpcrtds co cvkeuklbüo mc ek lkebmkm pcrtcoclbcotcs k scrvblbds skobtkrbds pù`eblds mc mb vcrsds pkçscs curdpcds fko cek`drkmd uok nuçk nu çk pkrk uok eclturk y cvkeuklbüo lrçtblk mc eks ougcrdsks nuçks mc prëltblk leçoblk quc pcrgbtk vkedrkreks (gâtdmd KNPCC).;0 Kiurbknucrrk Kiurbkn ucrrk yk mclçk co eds kûds kquc ûds «od sctcotk, rcv rcvbskomd bskomd ek ebtcrkturk konedskidok mc cotdolcs, tkrmkomd, vcrcgds ek mcslrbplbüo mc obûds fbpcrkltbvds sbo fbpcrkltbvbmkm¸. Ek kltukebmkm ldorgk su prcmbllbüo. So jkrgklüednd cstkmduobmcosc kltuke, mc nrko rcputklbüo co ce guomd, fk krgkmd rclbcotcgcotc quc cs mce tdmd oclcskrbd gcidrkr eds psbldjërgklds (kotc eds rcsuetkmds mc uo cstumbd guetblâotrbld quc, ldgpkrkomd gbecs mc pklbcotcs trktkmds ldo uo kotbmcprcsbvd, gdstrk`k quc ek gcidrçk ldo ce jërgkld crk mce . K GDMD MC LDOLES\BÜO
mrdgc. Ce trktkgbcotd jkrgkldeünbld ldo psbldcstbguekotcs djrclc, sbo eunkr k mumks, gcidrçks k ldrtd pekzd. Ce prd`ecgk cs quc, ldgd gulfds gulfds cstumbds fko mcgdstrkmd mcgdstrkmd,, sc trktk t rktk mc d`tcocr `coclbds k ekrnd pekzd, quc lkpklbtco k eds obûds trktkmds pkrk kprcomcr k gkocikrsc gcidr co sus vbmks. Qcrd pkrk d`tcocr `coclbds k ekrnd pekzd co ce juolbdokgbcotd gcotke mc oucstrds pklbcotcs, cs oclcskrbd uo trktkgbcotd co ce luke, gcmbkotc uok rceklbüo sbnoblktbvk, pucmko kprcomcr mc ek cxpcrbcolbk y mcslu`rbr su lkpklbmkm pkrk ldodlcr sus scotbgbcotds y eds mc eds mcgës, tdecrkr ek jrust j rustrklbüo rklbüo yy,, co ncocrke, vcr ce guomd sbrvbâomdsc sbr vbâomdsc mc uo g gço çobgd bgd mc mbstdr mbstdrsbdocs sbdocs mcjcosbvks, quc cgpd`rclco ce mcskrrdeed mc su pcrsdokebmkm y lkpklbmkm. dmd ceed ods ed fko gdstrkmd eds tcrkpcutks k trkvâs mc sus prcscotklbdocs prcscotklbdocs leç leçoblks oblks co cstc vdeugco.
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@b`ebdnrkjçk
K K ,, I. (;2>2 ;2>2). ). Gkouke mc Qsbqubktrçk Bojkotbe. @krlcedok9 drky-Gkssdo. K, K , I. N., J J ,, Q. y @ @, , K. (0116). Gcotkebzbon bo leboblke prkltblc. ^ksfbontdo y Edomrcs9 Kgcrblko Qsylfbktrbl Qu`ebsfbon. K K Q Q K K (0111). Mbknoüstbld kom \tktbstblke Gkouke dj Gcotke Mbsdrmcrs. =tf Cm. ^ksfbontdo9 Kgcrblko Kgcrblk o Qsylf Qsylfbktrbl bktrbl K Kssdlbkt ssdlbktbdo. bdo. K K ,, J. y G G, , Q. (011:) (011:).. K lkmk lk mk luke su lcrc`rd. Qekstblbmkm ocurdoke c boldoslbcotc . Gkmrbm9 Hktz. @, P. K. (;221). Fypcrkltbvc lfbemrco9 K fkom`ddh jdr mbknodsbs kom trcktgcot . Oucvk Rdrh9 Nubejdrm Qrcss. @, I. (01;1). «Ke obûd sc ec fklc lrccr quc sus mcscds sdo sus mcrclfds¸. Ek Zkonukrmbk, ;> mc iuebd mc 01;1. @, K. y J, Q. (011:). Gcotkebzktbdo-`kscm rcktgcot jdr @drmcreboc Qcrsdokebty Mbsdrmcr9 K Qrkltblke Nubmc . Dxjdrm9 Dx jdrm9 Dxjdrm Sobvcrsbty Sobvcrsbty Qrcss. @, @ , E. (;23= ;23=). ). ]c K kom LK bo leboblke usc u sc . Nruoc. Xrkm. Xrkm. lkst.9 LK y K co ce cgpecd leçobld. Gâxbld9 Gkouke Gdmcrod, ;23=.W @, G. (;222). E‒cojkot bostk`ec. bost k`ec. Qkrçs9 Muodm. Xrkm. lkst.9 Ce obûd fbpcrkltbvd y ldo trkstdrods mc ktcolbüo. So cojdquc leçobld y tcrkpâutbld. Gkmrbm9 \çotcsbs, p. 01.W
@, I. (;263). «Ecs trdu`ecs psylfdgdtcurs mkos e‒cojkot¸. Co Ec`dvblb, \., Mbkthboc, P. y \duec, G., rkbtâ mc psylfbk|;0). ). «\çomrdgc pdr mâlbt mc ktcolbü ktcolbüo. o. Cotrc ek psbqubktrçk y ce psbldkoëebsbs¸. Pcvbstk mc Qsbldpktdednçk y skeum gcotke mce obûd y mce kmdecslcotc . @krlcedok9 Juomklbü Drbcotk. Dr bcotk. G0, = =,, =3. M P, J. (;::0). Gkxbgcs ct râcxbdos mbvcrscs. Qkrçs9 Jekggkrbdo. Xrkm. lkst.9 Gëxbgks y rccxbdocs |;0=|
@B@EBDNPKJÇK
mbvcrsks8 botrdmullbüo pdr J. Mçcz mce Ldrrke8 trkmullbüo mc
Cstfcr @coçtcz. Gkmrbm9 Khke (Khke @desbeed8 ;0). «Mbknoüstbld y trktkgbcotd mce rkstdrod pdr mâlbt mc ktcolbüo c fbpcrkltbvbmkm (MKF)¸. Pcvbstk mc Qsbldpktdednçk y skeum gcotke mce obûd y mce kmdecslcotc . @krlcedok9 Juomklbü Drbcotk. G0, =2-3:.
M, E. y N, \. (011>). «Lbcolbk, âtblk y ce trktkgbcotd psbldsdlbke mce MKF¸. Pcvbstk mc Qsbldpktdednçk y skeum gcotke mce obûd y mce kmdecslcotc . @krlcedok9 Juomklbü Drbcotk. G0, ;>-00. ;6. C, E. (01;1). «Ce vkedr tcrkpâutbld mc ek ksbstcolbk bogcmbktk ke kmdecslcotc¸. Lkp. Z. Co Gdotkocr, K. y drrks, C. (JC@) (ldgp.). Cecgcotds psbldtcrkpâutblds9 mc ek prbgcrk cotrcvbstk ke ketk. Zkees9 Ecltbd, >>->6. J, \. Z.8 Q, P. F.8 M, K. C. ct ke. (0113). «Gdecluekr Ncoctbls dj Kttcotbdo-mclbt/fypcrkltbvbty Mbsdrmcr¸. @bdednblke Qsylfbktry Qsylfbktr y , 3>9 3>9 ;;,, ). botcrprctkprctktbdo. \prbon \prboncem, cem, BE9 Lfkrecs L. ]dgks Qu`ebsfcr EEm. Xrkm. lkst.9 csts prdycltbvds nrëlds. @krlcedok9 Qkbmüs, ;22>.W F, M. (;223). Kttklfgcot tfcdry jdr sdlbke wdrh prkltblc. Edomrcs9 Qkenrkvc. Xrkm. lkst.9 Ek tcdrçk mce vçolued kjcltbvd pkrk ek prëltblk mce trk`kid sdlbke. @krlcedok9 Qkbmüs, ;22>.W B, K. (011>). «rktkgbcotd mce obûd fbpcrkltbvd k trkvâs mc ek jkgbebk¸. Pcvbstk mc Qsbldpktdednçk y skeum gcotke mce obûd y Juomklbü lbü Drbcotk. G0, ). «Idrokmk sd`rc ce rkstdrod pdr Mâlbt mc Ktcolbüo c Fbpcrkltbvbmkm (MKF)¸. Pcvbstk mc Qsbldpktdednçk y \keum gcotke mce obûd y mce kmdecslcotc . @krlcedok9 Juomklbü Drbcotk. G0, 3>-:1. ””” (01;1). «Mc ek psbldtcrkpbk k eks botcrvcolbdocs cxb`ecs
k gcmbmk y k eds ―cecgcotds psbldtcrkpâutblds‗¸. Lkp. BBB. Co |;06|
@B@EBDNPKJÇK
Gdotkocr, K. y drrks, C. (JC@) (ldgp.) Cecgcotds psbldtcrkpâutblds. Zkees9 Ecltbd. ””” (01;1). Ek gcidr nukrmcrçk, tu lksk. lksk . Lrbkr skeumk`ecgcotc k uo `c`â. @krlcedok9 Qektkjdrgk. Z-Q, Z-Q , K. ct ke. (cms.) (0116). Gcotkebzbon bo lfbemtfcrkpy. Nubmcebocs jdr Leboblke Qrkltbtbdocrs. Edomrcs9
Hkrokh. ^ ^ ,, M. ^. (;236 ;236). ). «Ek lkpklbmkm pkrk cstkr k sdeks¸, Bot.I.Qsylfd-Koke .,., kg`bco kg`bcotc tc jklbebtkmdr jklbebtkmdr. . @krl @krlcedok9 Qkbmüs, ;22=. ;22=.W W rkm. lkst.9 ”” (;2>; ;). Qekybon kom rckebty .cedok9 Edomrcs9 Qconub Qconubo. o. Xrkm. X Pckebmkm y iucnd. @ucods Kbrcs9 Nrko Nrkoblk, blk, ;2>0. ;2>0.)) ^ ^ , , G. E.8 N N ,, E.8 Q Q, , ^.8 \, I.8 ^, .8 Q , , M. ct ke. (011;). «Pkomdgbzcm, ldotrdeecm trde ecm trbk trbkee dj D DPD\ PD\ gctfyepfcobmktc d dolc olc k mky bo lfbemrco wbtf wbt f kttcotbdo-mclbt/fypcrkl kttcotbdo-mclbt/fypcrkltbv tbvbty bty mbsdrmcr¸. Qcmbktrbls, ;169 66 1>/0112. /0112. 0116. Eds obûds fbpcrkltbvds y su pcrsdokebmkm . @be`kd9 @be`kd9 Ket Ketxk. xk. 011>. «Ce MKF co ce gdgcotd kltuke9 ldotrdvcrsbks, mbvcrncolbks y ldovcrncolbks¸. Qsbldpktdednçk y \keum Gcotke mce Obûd y mce Kmdecslcotc 8 G09 2-;:. |;. Qsbldtcrkpbk Qsbldtcrk pbk mce Obûd y mce Kmdecslcotc Km decslcotc , . o.¹>. m‒bojdrgklbü tcrkpæutblk. Z
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