high performance building in composite climate

CONTENT •INTRODUCTION •OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY •SCOPE OF STUDY •WORK DONE •LITERATURE REVIEW

•FUTURISTIC USE OF STUDY •PROPOSED METHODOLOGY •REFERENCES

What is Green Building? Green building is the practice of increasing the efficiency of buildings and their use of energy, water, and materials, and reducing building impacts on human health and the environment, through better siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal — taking into account every aspect of the complete building life cycle.

In India most of the region comes under two types of climate that is composite and hot and dry

Most characteristics of the composite zone are similar to that of the hot and dry climate

zone, except that composite regions experience higher humidity levels during monsoons. In this type of climate two seasons occur normally. Approximately two-thirds of

the year is hot-dry and the other third is warmhumid. Localities further north and south often have a third season,best described as cooldry.

HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS

HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS DEFINITION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS. – In this section, the term “high performance building” means a building that integrates and optimizes all major highperformance building attributes, including energy efficiency, durability, life-cycle performance, and occupant productivity.

Orientation

Orientation: NE, SW This helps in receiving less radiation which results in lesser heat gains and reduced the overall air-conditioning requirement and hence saves energy. Proper orientation also helps in receiving natural light and ventilation Water Body USE OF WATERBODIES FOR EVAPORATIVE COOLING

Fountain to flow over extensive surfaces to maximize evaporation. Water evaporation has a cooling effect in the surroundings. APPROPRIATE HEIGHT AND RECESSED WINDOWS Minimum height above the ground level to limit exposure to external conditions. Recessed windows to reduce external solar heat gains.

POSITION OF OPENINGS In buildings air movements must be ensured through the space mostly used by occupants: through the ‘living zone’(up to 2m high).

SIZE OF OPENINGS The largest air velocity will be obtained through a small inlet opening with a large outlet. The best arrangement is full wall openings on both the sides , with adjustable sashes or closing devices which can assist in channelling the air flow in the required direction , following the change of wind. CONTROLS OF OPENINGS A gap left between the building face and canopy would ensure a downward pressure ,thus a flow is directed into the living zone.

TREATMENT TO THE EXTERNAL SPACES

•Large projecting eaves and wide verandahs are needed in composite climate as out-door living areas, to reduce sky glare, keep out the rain and provide shade.

•A courtyard is the most pleasant out-door spaces for most of the year, because it excludes the winds and traps the sun. It should be designed in such a way so as to allow sun penetration during the winter months, but provides shading in the hot season. •Deciduous plants can serve a useful purpose.

•Brise-soleils, louvers and other sun breaks used to protect openings during the hot-dry periods ,are also advantageous in the rainy season, serving as protection against dust and thermal winds.

Insulation Insulation is very important in green construction because it helps conserve energy. In the past, ASBESTOS was used for insulation, but it has since been banned or restricted in many countries because of health hazards. Good sustainable choices for insulation are those made from recycled newspaper and wood pulp, soy, cotton, recycled plastic or cork. WALL WITHOUT INSULATION

The U-value which is much higher incase of normal glass increases the solar heat gain and the energy consumption

WALL WITH INSULATION Insulation helps retain cool in summer and heat in winter, and acts as sound proof. This can create a major impact on indoor thermal comfort of the building.

Roofing An important feature of green roofing is its durability; sustainability can often be as simple as avoiding or limiting waste. Composite cedar shingles resist moisture, mildew and insects, which extends their life.

Properly designed roof gardens help to reduce heat loads in a building

Metal roofing materials that have solar reflective qualities also have advantages, especially in hot climates.

Glass Windows constructed of layered panes separated by sealed, gas-filled compartments provide insulation that conserves energy. windows and doors can also be covered in special low-emissivity coatings that use or block natural solar rays to help regulate indoor temperatures. Landscaping Landscaping is an important element in altering the microclimate of a place. Proper landscaping reduces direct sun from striking and heating up of building surfaces. It prevents reflected light carrying heat into a building from the ground or other surfaces.

USE OF ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALS Eco friendly materials are describe as :a product that has been designed to the least possible damage to the environment.

Why eco friendly materials? Phenomenal growth in the construction industry that depends upon depletable resources. Production of building materials lead to irreversible environmental impact.

ENERGY CONSERVATION Use of water bodies for evaporative cooling

Use of reflective surfaces for minimum heat gain

Planting trees helps in maintaining ecological balance thus reducing energy consumption USE OF RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY

Use of appliances that consume less energy

Use of Passive means rather than active means Passive design strategies Indirect cooling includes ventilation and stack effect and venture effect, belvedere, roof pond, earth air tunnel, courtyards and Malkaafs, wind scoops and wind towers.

ROOF POND Traditional Jharokha in Jaipur, Rajasthan provides light, & ventilation while avoiding dust and glare

PASSIVE DOWNDRAFT EVAPORATIVE COOLING Evaporative cooling systems uses evaporation as a cooling method in cooling the surrounding air by adding moisture in the air hence increasing humidity. It is a low energy passive system. The following sections are categorized into sections stating the required conditions, implementation considerations and other issues. Case studies are listed as reference to discuss on how these systems are implemented and the implication they have on architecture design.

WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives in sustainable building.  One critical issue of water consumption is that in many areas, the demands on the supplying aquifer exceed its ability to replenish itself. To the maximum extent feasible, facilities should increase their dependence on water that is collected, used, purified, and reused onsite. The protection and conservation of water throughout the life of a building may be accomplished by designing for dual plumbing that recycles water in toilet flushing WASTE REDUCTION Green architecture also seeks to reduce waste of energy, water and materials used during construction. During the construction phase, one goal should be to reduce the amount of material going to landfills. Well-designed buildings also help reduce the amount of waste generated by the occupants as well, by providing on-site solutions such as compost bins to reduce matter going to landfills.

CII-Godrej GBC, Hyderabad

Aerial view of CII-Godrej GBC, Hyderabad showing wind towers, solar photovoltaic panels and green roofs.

•Use of locally available materials and sustainable energy sources have been used extensively in the building. •Natural lighting and ventilation enhance the energy-efficiency of the building. •Adequate green spaces help in controlling the micro-climate providing visual delight at the same time.

Architectural Design •The building is designed to maximize usage of natural light for day-lighting without getting unwanted heat inside. •The ground surface covered by the building is replaced through roof gardens which play a major role in insulating the building. •Unwanted gain of heat is reduced through simple design principles like earth berming. •Heat gain through openings is also reduced through intelligent design of windows. •An effective combination of closed and open spaces help in modulating the Roof gardens insulate the micro-climate so that it keeps the building from solar heat building cool and well-ventilated. •There is ease of access throughout the site.

Use of Renewable source of Energy PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS

•Solar energy is used to generate electricity that is used in the building. Wind towers Wind towers carry air through an earth air tunnel to cool it before being supplied to the AHU’s.

Solar photovoltaic panels on the roof generate electricity for the building

•Effective measures are taken to properly ventilate the building while saving energy at the same time. •Air caught by the wind towers is carried through an earth-air tunnel which precools the air entering into the AHU’s. This saves energy required in the cooling ‘Jaalis’ on the outer façade of the building also process. help in cooling, shading and ventilation of the building.

Day lighting •Emphasis is laid on providing adequate day-lighting. •Intelligent design of windows such as different windows for views and for light reduce the heat gain.

Materials & Appliances •Use of local materials and materials with is visible at various places. •For instance, local stone and waste construction materials are used for external cladding. low-embodied energy

There is a vast difference in the amount of glazed areas on the northern and western sides of the building. Such features prevent unwanted heat gain.

Futuristic use of study

With increasing population human needs are also increasing day by day which has resulted in various ecological problems. Now a days with advancement in technology there is increase in basic needs of people and there is no more the time when people required only three things for living that is “roti, kapda or makan” they don’t want normal roti nor normal kapda and neither makan. People now a days are more addicted to active means which has resulted in more and more consumption and thus disturbing ecological balance. An ideal citizen’s duty is to not only think about his generation but also for future and thus there isv a great need of buildings which are dependent mostly on passive means and studying this topic makes us aware of the methods by which we can create an environment which is eco-friendly.

IMPLIMENTATION IN DESIGN COURTYARD EARTH TUNNEL SYSTEM

•Two types of windows designed: peep windows for possible cross ventilation and view, the other being for day lighting •Shading by vegetation (trees and creepers) •cooling through evaporation by water surfaces and plants (except during monsoon) •cooling through earth tunnel system

Literature survey about composite climate and scope of this topic in India Literature survey on high performance buildings in composite climate Compared those elements with live examples like retreat

Implemented those ideas in design project done in previous semester