Hidrologia I Unidad 5 Las Precipitacione

 

Wicvgrscbjb Ij`cfijo bg @uyf Nj`uotjb bg Ciagicgråj Ciagicgråj @cvco

LCBXFOFACJ C

WICBJB 7; OJP TXG@CTCRJ@CFIGP

Cia. @jrofs B. PGAGXGX Cia. Gsp. Xuhãi ^COOFBJP

844>

 

ÅIBC@G BG RGEJP WICBJB 7; OJP TXG@CTCRJ@CFIGP............................................................................................ TXG@CTCRJ@CFIGP.............................................................................. ..................... ............. ............. .......... ... 7-: RGEJ 7.j; @FI@GTRFP HJPC@FP........................................................................................................ HJPC@FP............................................................... ................................................ ......... 7-: 7.j.:. BGNCIC@CFI...................................................................................................................................7-: 7.j.8. NFXEJ@CFI BG OJP TXG@CTCRJ@CFIGP..................................................................................7-: 7.j.8.c. @fibgisj`cði y Iû`ogfs bg @fiagojecgitf.............................................................................7-: 7.j.8.cc. @jåbj bg ojs Aftjs....................................................................................................................7-8 7.j.8.ccc. @fitgicbf Eêxcef bg Jauj Oåqucbj gi ojs Iuhgs....................................................................7-8 7.j.0. @OJPCNC@J@RFI BG OJP TXG@CTCRJ@CFIGP...........................................................................7-0 7.j.0.c. Tfr oj @jusj bgo Js`gisf bg oj Ejsj Lûegbj........................................................................7-0 7.j.0.cc. Tfr oj Nfrej gi qug @jg..........................................................................................................7-0 7.j.2. WICBJBGP.............................................................................................................. WICBJBGP.................................................................. .............................................................. ....................... ..... 7-7 7.j.7. EGBCBJ BG OJP TXG@CTCRJ@CÐIGP..........................................................................................7-7 7.j.7.c. Bcnc`uotjbgs bg Egbc`cði...........................................................................................................7-7 7.j.7.cc. Touvcðegtrfs..............................................................................................................................7-7 7.j.7.ccc. Touvcðarjnfs...............................................................................................................................7-1 7.j.7.cv. Xgb Touvcfeãtrc`j.....................................................................................................................7-3 7.j.7.v. Fhsgrvj`cfigs bg Trg`cpctj`cði `fi Xjbjr.............................................................................7-:4 7.j.7.vc. Gstcej`cði bg Trg`cpctj`cfigs Egbcjitg Cinfrej`cði Pjtgoctjo................................................7-:4 7.j.>. ^JXCJ@CFIGP BG OJ TXG@CTCRJ@CFI.....................................................................................7-:4 7.j.>.c. ^jrcj`cfigs Agfarênc`js.........................................................................................................7-:4 7.j.>.cc. ^jrcj`cfigs gi go Rcgepf........................................................................................................7-:: 7.j.>.ccc. Trg`cpctj`cfigs Eêxcejs.........................................................................................................7-:: RGEJ 7.h; JIJOCPCP BG BJRFP BG OOW^CJ..................................................... OOW^CJ............................................................................... ................................. ............. ........ .. 7-:8 7.h.:. ^JOFXGP EGBCFP @JXJ@RGXÅPRC@FP..................................................................................7-:8 7.h.:.c. Eðbuof Touvcfeãtrc`f Jiujo Egbcf.........................................................................................7-:8 7.h.:.cc. Oouvcj Egbcj Egisujo..............................................................................................................7-:0 7.h.:.ccc. Oouvcj Bcjrcj.............................................................................................................................7-:0 7.h.:.cv. Crrgauojrcbjb bg ojs Trg`cpctj`cfigs........................................................................................7-:0 7.h.8. @WX^JP @JXJ@RGXCPRC@JP....................................................................................................7-:2 7.h.8.c. @urvj bg Ejsj........................................................................................................................7-:2 7.h.8.cc. Sgtfarjejs.............................................................................................................................7-:7 7.h.8.ccc. @urvjs bg Citgiscbjb y Burj`cði (CB).....................................................................................7-:7 7.h.8.cv. @urvjs bg Citgiscbjb, Burj`cði y Nrg`ugi`cj (CBN)................................................................7-:> 7.h.0. GPRCEJ@CFI BG ^JOFXGP BG OJP ^JXCJHOGP TOW^[email protected]:< 7.h.0.c. Oouvcj Egbcj gi uij [fij.......................................................................................................7-:< 7.h.0.cc.  Jiêocscs bg Êrgj/Burj`cði/Trfnuibcbjb.......................................................................... Êrgj/Burj`cði/Trfnuibcbjb............................................... .................................. ......... ..7-84 7-84 7.h.0.ccc. Tjtrði bg Csfygtjs Ptjibjrb...................................................................................................7-8:

 

ÅIBC@G BG NCAWXJP Ncaurj 83. Touvcðegtrf Rcpf H..............................................................................................................................7-> Ncaurj 04. Cistjoj`cði bg Touvcðegtrf...................................................................................................................7-1 Ncaurj 0:. Ncaurj 08. Ncaurj 00. Ncaurj 02. Ncaurj 07. Ncaurj 0>. Ncaurj 01. Ncaurj 0 @urvj C-N-B........................................................................................... C-N-B............................................... ................................................................................... ............................................. ...... 7-:1 Tfoåafifs bg Rlcgssgi......................................................................................................................7-:3 @urvjs Csfygtjs.................................................................................................................................7-:3 @urvjs J-B-T................................................................................................... J-B-T....................................................... ............................................................ ...................... ............. ........... .... 7-84 Tjtrði bg Csfygtjs Ptjibjrb (j/h 5 :.7)............................................................................................7-8:

ÅIBC@G BG @WJBXFP @ujbrf 3; Rcpf bg Júf sgaûi ojs Trg`cpctj`cfigs.............................................................................................7-:8

 

Wicbjb 7

7-:

OJP P TXG@ TXG@CTC CTCRJ RJ@C @CFI FIGP GP WICBJB 7; OJ RGEJ 77.j .j;;

@FI@GTRFP H HJ JPC@FP

7.j.:. BGNC BGNCIC@ IC@CFI CFI

Pg giaofhj bgitrf bgo tãrecif prg`cpctj`cði j tfbjs ojs jaujs egtgðrc`js qug `jgi sfhrg oj supgrnc`cg bg oj tcgr tcgrrj rj,, tj tjit itf f hj hjkf kf oj nfre nfrej j oåqu oåqucb cbj j `f `fef ef sðoc sðocbj bj (icg (icgvg vg,, arji arjicz czf) f).. Gs Gstf tfss bcvg bcvgrs rsfs fs tcpf tcpfss bg prg`cpctj`cfigs sfi ifrejoegitg egbcbfs sci gng`tujr su bcs`rcecij`cði pfr egbcf bg su gqucvjogitg gi jauj. Oj prg prg`cp `cpctj ctj`cð `cði i gs go frc frcag agi i bg tfb tfbjs js oj ojss `fr `frrcg rcgitg itgss sup supgrn grnc`c c`cjog jogss y prf prfnui nuibj bjs, s, pfr pfr of `uj `ujoo su `ujitcnc`j`cði y go `fif`cecgitf bg su bcstrchu`cði, gi go tcgepf y gi go gspj`cf, sg `fistctuygi gi prfhogejs hêsc`fs pjrj oj lcbrfofaåj. Go lcbrðofaf ig`gsctj `fiscbgrjr oj prg`cpctj`cði gi rgoj`cði `fi ofs oåectgs agfarênc`fs ijturjogs bgo tgrrgif bfibg ci`cbg, f sgj, ojs `ugi`js bg ofs `ju`gs låbrc`fs supgrnc`cjogs. Gi goojs trjtjrê bg bjr  sfou`cði `ujitctjtcvj j oj g`uj`cði bgo hjoji`g lcbrfoðac`f;  J  T  G  P

/::4/ bfibg;  J

gs oj jpfrtj`cð jpfrtj`cði i jo `ju`g

T

oj prg`cpctj`cði egbcj

G

oj gvjpftrjispcrj`cði egbcj P oj vjrcj`cði bgo joej`gijecgitf gi oj `ugi`j

NFXEJ@CFI FI BG OJP TXG@ TXG@CTCRJ@C CTCRJ@CFIGP FIGP 7.j.8. NFXEJ@C Oj luegbjb scgeprg gstê prgsgitg gi oj jteðsngrj, jûi gi ofs båjs sci iuhgs. Tjrj qug f`urrj oj prg`cpctj`cði, sg rgqucgrg joaûi eg`jicsef qug ginråg go jcrg of sunc`cgitg pjrj qug oogaug bg gstj ejigrj jo, f `gr`j bgo, puitf bg sjturj`cði. Ofs ginrcjecgitfs bg arjibgs ejsjs, ig`gsjrcfs pjrj qug sg prfbuz`ji `jitcbjbgs scaicnc`jtcvjs bg prg`cpctj`cði, sg ofarji `ujibf js`cgibgi ojs ejsjs bg jcrg. Gstg ngiðegif sg oogvj j `jhf pfr egbcf bg scstgejs `fivg`tcvfs f `fivgragitgs qug rgsuotji bg rjbcj`cfigs bgscaujogs ojs `ujogs prfbu`gi `jogitjecgitf f ginrcjecgitf bg oj supgrnc`cg bg oj tcgrrj y oj jteðsngrj, f pfr hjrrgrjs frfarênc`js. Pci gehjraf, oj sjturj`cði if `fioogvj ig`gsjrcjegitg oj prg`cpctj`cði. 7.j. 7.j.8.c 8.c.. @f @fib ibgi gisj` sj`cð cði i y Iû Iû`og `ogfs fs bg @f @fia iago gojec jecgi gitf tf Pupficgibf qug go jcrg gstê sjturjbf, f euy `gr`j bg gstg puitf, oj nfrej`cði bg ighocij, aftjs bg jauj f `rcstjogs bg lcgof rgqucgrg pfr of agigrjo bg oj prgsgi`cj bg iû`ogfs bg `fibgisj`cði f `fiagojecgitf, sfhrg ofs `ujogs sg nfreji ojs aftjs bg jauj f ofs `rcstjogs bg lcgof. Gstfs iû`ogfs sfi pgqugújs pjrtå`uojs bg vjrcjs sustji`cjs, if ig`gsjrcjegitg lcarfs`ðpc`js, `uyf tjejúf pfr of agigrjo gstê gitrg 4,: y :4 ·e bg bcêegtrf. Jqugoofs `uyf bcêegtrf gs egifr qug 0 ·e gstêi `feprgibcbfs bgitrf bgo rjiaf bg jgrfsfogs y pugbgi pgrejig`gr suspgibcbfs cibgncicbjegitg gi go jcrg, gx`gptf `ujibf sg nfrej oj prg`cpctj`cði. Ofs iû`ogfs bg `fibgisj`cði `fiscstgi pfr of agigrjo gi prfbu`tfs bg `fehustcði, ðxcbfs bg ictrðagif y pjrtå`uojs bg sjo. Gstjs ûotcejs sfi ojs eês gng`tcvjs y jûi `fi luegbjbgs tji hjkjs `fef bgo 17% pugbgi prfbu`cr `fibgisj`cði. Bgspuãs bg oj iu`ogj`cði, oj aftj bg jauj f go `rcstjo bg lcgof `rg`gi ljstj qug su tjejúf sg vugovg vcschog gi uij nrj``cði bg sgauibf j trjvãs bg ui prf`gsf bg bcnuscði bg vjpfr bg jauj lj`cj ãstg, pgrf j pjrtcr bg gsg efegitf gi jbgojitg, go `rg`cecgitf gs euy ogitf.

Wicvgrscbjb Ij`cfijo bg @uyf

Nj`uotjb bg Ciagicgråj

@êtgbrj; Lcbrfofaåj C

 

Oj bcnuscði pfr så ecsej oogvj ûic`jegitg j oj nfrej`cði bg ighocij f gogegitfs bg oj iuhg qug pfr of agigrjo sfi egifrgs bg :4 ·e gi bcêegtrf, jo`jizjibf joauifs bg goofs ljstj 74 ·e. Tugstf qug oj `fibgisj`cði tcgibg j jarjibjr ojs aftjs bg jauj f ofs `rcstjogs bg lcgof jprfxcejbjegitg j ofs ecsefs vjofrgs, ojs bcngrgi`cjs gi tjejúf rgsuotji prci`cpjoegitg bg ojs qug pfsggi ofs iû`ogfs sfhrg ofs `ujogs sg nfreji. Ecgitrjs ofg gogegitfs bg uij iuhg tcgibgi j jsgitjrsg, go pgsf bg ui gogegitf prfegbcf gs tji pgqugúf qug sg rgqucgrg ûic`jegitg bg ui ogvg efvcecgitf bg jcrg lj`cj jrrchj pjrj ejitgigrof gi suspgiscði. Oj ejyfråj bg ojs aftjs bg jauj gi gstjbf if prg`cpctjhog tcgigi bcêegtrfs egifrgs bg :4 ·e, y uij `frrcgitg js`gibgitg js`gibgitg egifr bg 4,7 `e/s, gs sunc`cgitg pjrj gvctjr qug jquãoojs `jcaji. Bghcbf j qug ofs `rcstjogs bg jûi lcgofeês bg pgsf vgof`cbjbgs hjkjs.gqucvjogitg tcgigi ui tjejúf eu`lf eês arjibg, sg pugbgi sfstgigr `fi 7.j. 7.j.8. 8.cc cc..

@j @jåb åbjj bg oj ojss Af Aftj tjss

Ojs vgof`cbjbgs lj`cj jrrchj, pfr bghjkf bg ojs iuhgs y gi ojs iuhgs, j egiubf sfhrgpjsji ofs vjofrgs ig ig`g `gsj sjrc rcfs fs pj pjrj rj sf sfst stgi gigr gr of ofss go goge gegi gitf tfss bg bgit itrf rf bg jq jquã uãoooojs js== pfr pfr gstj gstj rjzð rjzði, i, pjrj pjrj qug qug f`ur f`urrj rj prg`cpctj`cði, tjogs gogegitfs bghgi juegitjr su tjejúf ljstj qug su vgof`cbjb bg `jåbj gx`gbj j oj js`giscfijoo bgo jcrg. js`giscfij Tfr ftrj pjrtg, bc`lfs gogegitfs bghgi sgr tjehcãi of sunc`cgitgegitg arjibgs pjrj pgigtrjr gi go jcrg if sjturjbf qug sg gi`ugitrj pfr bghjkf bg oj hjsg bg oj iuhg, sci gvjpfrjrsg `fepogtjegitg jitgs bg oogajr j oj tcgrrj. Wij aftj bg jauj qug `jg bgsbg oj hjsg bg uij iuhg j ui mcoðegtrf sfhrg go sugof, gi jcrg qug tgiaj 34 34% % bg lu lueg egbj bjb b rg rgoj ojtctcvj vj y qug qug sg gs gstê tê go gogv gvji jibf bf j :4 `e `e/s /s,, rgqu rgqugr grcr cråj åj bg ui bcêe bcêegt gtrf rf bg jprfxcejbjegitg 224 ·e pjrj oogajr j oj tcgrrj `fi ui bcêegtrf bg 844 ·e, oåectg qug sg `fiscbgrj j egiubf `fef go qug ljy gitrg go tjejúf bg ojs aftjs gi uij iuhg y go tjejúf prg`cpctjhog. Pc tfbjs ojs aftjs bg uij iuhg nugrji bgo ecsef tjejúf, sg gi`fitrjsgi j oj ecsej tgepgrjturj y gstuvcgrji nfrejbjs pfr jauj oåqucbj, oj iuhg sg ejitgibråj gi gqucochrcf tgrefbciêec`f, sci bjr ouajr j oj nfrej`cði bg aftjs arugsjs `jpj`gs bg `fistctucr prg`cpctj`cð prg`cpctj`cði. i.  J bgstrucr go rgngrcbf gqucochrcf `fitrchuygi bcvgrsfs nj`tfrgs, gitrg ofs qug sg pugbgi cbgitcnc`jr  hêsc`jegitg; 

oj bcngrgi`cj bg tjejúf gitrg ojs aftjs bg oj iuhg



oj bcngrgi`cj bg tgepgrjturj gitrg rgacfigs prðxcejs bg oj iuhg



oj `fgxcstgi`cj, gi uij rgacði bg oj iuhg, bg aftjs bg jauj y bg `rcstjogs bg lcgof



go juegitf bgo tjejúf bg ojs aftjs ejyfrgs pfr `jpturj, egbcjitg `lfqugs, bg ftrjs aftjs

Ojs aftjs bg oouvcj pugbgi `rg`gr ljstj jo`jizjr ui bcêegtrf bg jprfxcejbjegitg > ee, j pjrtcr bgo `ujo ojs aftjs sg rfepgi. Oj vgof`cbjb eêxcej bg `jåbj, f vgof`cbjb tgrecijo, qug pjrj aftjs bg 4,7= := 8= 0 y 2 ee gs rgspg`tcvjegitg bg 8,4= 2,4= >,7= >0,7 `e°, of `ujo pgrectg joej`gijr go jauj bg uij oouvcj bg 034 ee. Oj sg``cði (j) sg j`fpoj j oj (h), nfrejibf ui `fikuitf `coåibrc`f bg 27,7 `e bg joturj.



Gi go citgrcfr bg oj sg``cði (h) sg ljooj `fof`jbf go rg`cpcgitg (`), bgifecijbf `fog`tfr, qug scrvg pjrj trjsvjsjr j oj prfhgtj go jauj rg`facbj j nci bg gng`tujr su egbc`cði. Gstg `fog`tfr tcgig :8 :8,7 ,7 `g `git itåe åegt gtrf rfss bg bc bcêe êegt gtrf rf y 82 `e bg jo jotu turj rj,, of qug qug gquc gqucvj vjog og j uij uij `jpj `jpj`c `cbj bjb b pjrj pjrj rg`fog``cði rg`fog``cð i bcrg`tj gi go bgpðsctf (h). bg ljstj :21,8 ee bg oouvcj. Jo rghjosjr, go sfhrjitg bg jauj qugbj rgtgicbf Go pouvcðegtrf sg `fof`j sfhrg ui sfpfrtg bg poji`lugoj pfr bfibg sg of nckj j ui pfstg, `fi ui bcspfsctcvf pjrj jsgaurjrof egbcjitg ui `jibjbf.



Go gqucpjecgitf bg ui pouvcðegtrf sg `fepogtj `fi bfs prfhgtjs bg egbc`cði, bg ojs scaucgitgs `jrj`tgråstc`js; Wij prfhgtj bg `jpj`cbjb gqucvjogitg gqucvjogitg j :4 ee bg prg`cpctj`cði, `uyf bcêegtrf citgrcfr gs bg 24 ee y qug sg ljooj arjbujbj gi ee y bã`cefs bg ee. Rgicgibf gi `ugitj qug go bcêegtrf bg oj hf`j bgo pouvcðegtrf gs bg :> `e, su rgoj`cði `fi oj supgrnc`cg bg oj sg``cði trjisvgrsjo bg oj prfhgtj, oojejbj `fgnc`cgitg `fgnc`cgitg bg jepocj`cði, gs caujo j :>. Wij prfhgtj `fi `jpj`cbjb bg 74 ee bg oouvcj, arjbujbj gi ecoåegtrfs gitgrfs y egbcf ecoåegtrfs, `uyf bcêegtrf gs bg < `e, `fi of qug su `fgnc`cgitg bg jepocj`cði gs 2.

 Jehjs prfhgtjs tcgigi nfibf sgecgsnãrc`f sgecgsnãrc`f `fi go fhkgtf bg fhtgigr uij ejyfr jepocj`cði bg gs`joj bg og`turj pjrj pgqugújs `jitcbjbgs bg oouvcj. Ncaurj 83. Touvcðegtrf Rcpf H

Cistjoj`cði y @ucbjbf bgo Touvcðegtrf Oj cistjoj`cði bgo pouvcðegtrf bghg sgr fhkgtf bgo ejyfr `ucbjbf pjrj gvctjr grrfrgs gi oj fhtgi`cði bg ofs bjtfs. Ojs `fibc`cf `fibc`cfigs igs ig`gsjrcjs pjrj goof sfi; j) Oj hf` hf`j j bgo po pouvcð uvcðegtrf egtrf b bghg ghg gs gstjr tjr j uij jo joturj turj bg bgoo sugof b bg g :,74 e. h) Go pouv pouvcðeg cðegtrf trf bghg cr `fof `fof`jbf `jbf sfh sfhrg rg ui pfstg vgr vgrtc`jo tc`jo nck nckjbf jbf bg nfre nfrej j tjo qug sg cepcb cepcbj j tfbf efvcecgitf y bg`e ejigrj qug oj `jhgzj bgo`jpfstg jnugrj), gi`u gi`ugi gitr trg g :7 pfr pfr bg bghj hjkf kf bg oj hf`j hf bg bgoo (j`ljnojijbj po pouv uvcð cðeg egtr trf, f, tjehcãi oj qug qug jj 27´ su lj`cj vgz vgz bghg bg hg gstj gssg tjr  r  pgrng`tjegitg lfrczfitjo.

 

`) Go pouvc pouvcðegtr ðegtrf f bghg `fof`j `fof`jrsg rsg jogk jogkjbf jbf bg `ujoquc `ujoqucgr gr fhstê` fhstê`uof uof (êrhf (êrhfogs, ogs, pjrgb pjrgbgs, gs, tjpcj tjpcjogs, ogs, gt`.) pj pjrj rj qu qug g ofs ofs ec ecse sefs fs if fh fhst stj` j`uo uoc` c`gi gi oj gitr gitrjb jbj j bg oooouv uvcj cj.. Bg gxcs gxcstctcrr jquã jquãoooofs fs gi ojs ojs prfxcecbjbgs, go cistruegitf bg egbc`cði bghg gstjr scgeprg j uij bcstji`cj lfrczfitjo pfr of egifs `uêbrupog rgspg`tf j oj joturj bg ofs fhstê`uofs vg`cifs. b) Gi `jsf bg qug if ljy ljyj j kjrbåi f ouaj ouajrr jhcgrt jhcgrtf f sci fhstê` fhstê`uof uofss pjrj `fof` `fof`jr jr go pouvc pouvcðegt ðegtrf rf gi ojs `fibc`cfigs bgs`rcptjs y sgj ig`gsjrcf `fof`jrof sfhrg ui gbcnc`cf, `jscooj, gt`., bghg gstjr  scgeprg jncrejbf j ui pfstg, bg ejigrj qug oj hf`j bgo pouvcðegtrf sfhrgpjsg gi ui egtrf oj pjrtg eês jotj bgo tg`lf gi qug sg of `fof`j (f sus pjrjpgtfs pjrjpgtfs,, `uehrgrjs, gt`.). g) Pg bghg `ucbjr scg scgeprg eprg qug gi go ci citgrcfr tgrcfr bgo pouvcðegtrf f gi go gehubf if ljyj lfkj lfkjss sg`js u ftrfs fhkgtfs qug pugbji jotgrjr oj egbc`cði gxj`tj bg oj oouvcj. Ncaurj 04. Cistjoj`cði bg Touvcðegtrf

Efbf bg Gng`tujr oj Egbc`cði Go prf`gbcecgitf pjrj gng`tujr oj egbc`cði bg oouvcj `jåbj gs go scaucgitg; 

Pg sj`j oj pjrtg supgrcfr f rg`gptfrj (j).



Pg rgtcrj go `fog`tfr (`) `fof`jbf gi go citgrcfr bg oj pjrtg (h) y sg of sustctuyg pfr go bg rgpugstf, vfovcgibf j `fof`jr gi su ouajr oj pjrtg rg`gptfrj.

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Pg vcgrtg go jauj gi joauij bg ojs bfs prfhgtjs qug citgarji go gqucpf bgo pouvcðegtrf y sg ogg oj arjbuj`cði ljstj bfibg oogaj go jauj.

Pc oj `jitcbjb bg oouvcj nugsg ejyfr qug oj `jpj`cbjb arjbujbj bg oj prfhgtj, oj fpgrj`cði bg oogijbf sg rgpctg tjitjs vg`gs `fef sgj ig`gsjrcf, suejibf ofs pjr`cjogs pjrj fhtgigr go tftjo prg`cpctjbf. Gi zfijs bg oouvcjs citgisjs sg gepogj bcrg`tjegitg oj prfhgtj ejyfr pjrj gvctjr bgejscjbjs bgs`jrajs. @ujibf oj `jitcbjb bg jauj prg`cpctjbj ljyj rghjsjbf oj `jpj`cbjb bgo `fog`tfr (`) y uij pjrtg sg lj bgpfsctjbf gi go rg`cpcgitg bg rgtgi`cði (h), sg ecbg prcegrf go jauj `fitgicbj gi go `fog`tfr y ougaf sg trjsvjsj jo ecsef y sg ecbg go jauj bgpfsctjbj gi go rg`cpcgitg bg rgtgi`cði. Pc uij oouvcj nugrj bg ejaictub tjo qug lc`cgrj tgegr sfhrg oj sunc`cgi`cj bg og `jpj`cbjb bgo rg`cpcgitg bg rg rgtgi tgi`cð `cði i bgo bgo pou pouvcð vcðegt egtrf rf pj pjrj rj joe joej`g j`gijr ijr go jauj jauj `jå `jåbj bj gi 82 lfr lfrjs js,, sg bgh bghg g gng gng`tu `tujr jr uij fhsgrvj`cði citgregbcj, qug sg suejrg j oj rgjoczjbj j oj lfrj rgaojegitjrcj. Lfrj bg Fhsgrvj`cði y Båj Touvcfeãtrc`f Gi iu iugst gstrf rf pjå pjåss ojs fhsgr fhsgrvj` vj`cfi cfigs gs bg oooouvc uvcj j sg rgj rgjococzji zji j ojs 3;4 3;44 4 lfr lfrjs, js, bgsca bgscaiêi iêibfs bfsg g pfr pfr båj pouvcfeãtrc`f jo pgråfbf `feprgibcbf gitrg bfs fhsgrvj`cfigs `fisg`utcvjs. 7. 7.j. j.7. 7.cc ccc. c.

Touv Touvcð cðar arjn jnf fs

Tjrj fhtgigr rgacstrfs `fitciufs bg ojs prg`cpctj`cfigs y pfbgr bchukjr ojs `urvjs bg ejsj bg ojs ecsejs (vgr 7.h.8.c) y bgtgrecijr ojs citgiscbjbgs bg oouvcj prfbu`cbjs gi citgrvjofs bg tcgepf

 

prgbgtgrecijbfs, sg rg`urrg jo gepogf bgo pouvcðarjnf, prgbgtgrecijbfs, pouvcðarjnf, qug `fiscstg hêsc`jegitg gi ui pouvcðegtrf qug ci`ouyg ui bcspfsctcvf bg rgacstrf `rfifoðac`f bg ojs joturjs bg jauj prg`cpctjbjs, f bg givåf bg oj cinf cinfre rej` j`cð cði i `f `frr rrgs gspf pfib ibcg cgit itg g j pg pgqu qugú gúfs fs ci citg tgrv rvjo jofs fs bg tcge tcgepf pf j ui `git `gitrf rf `fep `feput utjr jrcz czjb jbf f bg joej`gijecgitf joej`gijec gitf bg bjtfs. Touvcðarjnf bg Hjojizj @fiscstg gi ui cistruegitf qug pgrectg rg`fagr y rgacstrjr uij `jitcbjb rgprgsgitjtcvj bg oouvcj, icgvg nuibcbj f arjiczf. Tjrj goof go jauj sg `fog`tj gi ui rg`cpcgitg scecoj scecojrr jo pouvcðegtrf `uyf pgsf j``cfig ui eg`jicsef j`fpojbf jo bcspfsctcvf rgacstrjbfr. Touvcðarjnf bg Noftjbfr  Ncaurj 0:. Touvcðarjnf bg Noftjbfr 

Gi gstg pouvcðarjnf oj oouvcj, `jptjbj pfr uij hf`j bg sg``cði ifrejoczjbj caujo g oj bgo pouvcðegtrf (J), `jg bgitrf bg ui rg`cpcgitg qug `fitcgig ui noftjbfr (A). J egbcbj qug go icvgo bgo jauj gi go bgpðsctf suhg, of lj`g tjehcãi go noftjbfr, go qug sg ljooj vci`uojbf jo scstgej rgacstrjbfr (R). Oj `jpj`cbjb bgo rg`cpcgitg gs caujo jo vfouegi bg jauj `frrgspfibcgitg j :4 ee bg oouvcj, bg efbf qug jo oogijrsg sg j``cfig ui scnði qug bgsjaftj go rg`cpcgitg j ui bgpðsctf (P) y go noftjitg rgtfrij j su pfsc`cði cic`cjo, pjrj ougaf vfovgr j suhcr sc oj oouvcj `fitciûj. @ujibf ofs rgacstrfs sg trjzji gi njkjs sfhrg ui tjehfr acrjtfrcf, prgsgitji og `jrj`tgråstc`j qug `jbj vgz qug sg prfbu`g ui vj`cjbf, oj `urvj bgo pouvcfarjej hjkj bgsbg go hfrbg supgrcfr jo cingrcfr bg oj njkj, of qug bghg tgigrsg prgsgitg jo `jo`uojr ofs tftjogs bg prg`cpctj`cði y bchukjr oj `urvj bg ejsj. Touvcðarjnf j @uhgtj Hjs`uojitg Gstg tcpf bg pouvcðarjnf `ugitj, hjkf oj hf`j bgo gehubf, `fi ui `fepjrtcecgitf gi go qug ljy bfs `uhgtjs, uij bg ojs `ujogs rg`chg go jauj prg`cpctjbj y jo oogijrsg, sg prfbu`g ui bgsgqucochrcf qug lj`g

 

qug oj `uhgtj vugoqug oj `jitcbjb bg jauj qug `fitcgig (gqucvjogitg (gqucvjogitg j 4,:= 4,8 ð 4,7 ee bg oouvcj sgaûi ofs efbgofs), efvcgibf j oj sgauibj `uhgtj jo ouajr bg rg`fog``cði bgo jauj. Gi gsg efegitf sg j``cfij ui `cr`uctf goã`trc`f qug ejr`j f prfbu`g go rgacstrf `frrgspfibc `frrgspfibcgitg. gitg. Gi ftrfs efbgofs (Ncaurj 08), jo prfbu`crsg oj bgs`jraj, uij rugbj bgitjbj acrj go gspj`cf bg ui bcgitg y prfvf`j ui efvcecgitf qug rgacstrj ui trjzf vgrtc`jo sfhrg oj njkj, caujo j oj sgischcocbjb. Ecgitrjs go ftrf `jiacoði sg oogij, oj pouej cis`rchg ui trjzf lfrczfitjo bg ofiactub prfpfr`cfijo jo tcgepf qug tjrbj gi oogijrsg. Gi oj njkj sg rgacstrj jså ui bcjarjej gs`jofijbf gi js`gisf ljstj qug sg jo`jizj oj joturj eêxcej bg jquãooj, y bg `fitciujr oj prg`cpctj`cði, go bcjarjej sg civcgrtg (bgs`gibcgibf) ljstj go hfrbg cingrcfr, y jså su`gscvjegitg. Ncaurj 08. Touvcðarjnf j @uhgtj Hjs`uojitg

7.j. 7.j.7.c 7.cv. v.

Xg Xgb b Touv Touvcfe cfeãt ãtrc rc`j `j

Ofs usfs pjrj ofs `ujogs sg bghj utcoczjr oj cinfrej`cði sfhrg oj prg`cpctj`c prg`cpctj`cði ði sfi ofs qug bgtgreciji oj bgiscbjb bg uij rgb. Tjrj go gstubcf bg arjibgs tfregitjs f pjrj bgtgrecijr ofs prfegbcfs bg gxtgisjs êrgjs bg oojiurj, bghgråj sgr sunc`cgitg uij rgb bg gstj`cfigs rgojtcvjegitg bcspgrsj. Gi `jehcf, sg rgqucgrg uij rgb hjstjitg bgisj pjrj bgtgrecijr go pjtrði bg oouvcjs bg citgisjs tfregitjs bg tcpf `fivg`tcvf, qug prgsgitji nugrtgs vjrcj`cfigs gi oj ejaictub bg ojs prg`cpctj`cfigs gi bcstji`cjs rgojtcvjegitg rgojtcvjegitg `frtjs (bgo frbgi bg ui pjr bg mcoðegtrfs) mcoðegtrfs).. Oj prfhjhcocbjb bg qug go `gitrf bg uij tfregitj qugbg rgacstrjbf pfr ui pouvcðegtrf sgrê nui`cði bg oj bgiscbjb bg oj rgb. Gi nui`cð nui`cði i bg of ji jitgr tgrcf cfr, r, oj Fra Fraji jiczj czj`cð `cði i Eg Egtgf tgfrfo rfoða ðac`j c`j Eui Euibc bcjo jo rg` rg`fe fecgi cgibj bj pjrj pjrj prf prfpð pðsct sctfs fs lcbrfegtgfrfoðac`fs lcbrfegtgf rfoðac`fs agigrjogs, ojs scaucgitg scaucgitgss bgiscbjbg bgiscbjbgss eåicejs; 

Tjrj rgacfigs bg oojiurj gi zfijs trfpc`jogs, egbctgrrêigjs f tgepojbjs; : gstj`cði `jbj >44 j 344 me¸

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Tjrj rgacfigs efitjúfsjs gi zfijs trfpc`jogs, egbctgrrêigjs f tgepojbjs; : gstj`cði `jbj :44 j 874 me¸

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Tjrj rgacfigs efitjúfsjs pgqugújs `fi prg`cpctj`cði crrgauojr; : gstj`cði `jbj 87 me¸

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Tjrj zfijs êrcbjs y zfijs pfojrgs; : gstj`cði `jbj :.744 j :4.444 me¸

Xgb Rgogeãtrc`j bgo Arji Egibfzj Oj zfij bgo pcgbgefitg qug uhc`j jo fgstg bgo Arji Egibfzj `ugitj bgsbg :344 me¸, `uepog ojs ifrejs bg oj FEE bg uij gstj`cði `jbj 87 me¸. Go sg`tfr `uhcgrtf ocectj `fi oj prg`frbcoogrj jo fgstg, go Xåf Egibfzj jo sur, go êrgj urhjiczjbj jo gstg y oj bcvcsfrcj bg ojs @ugi`js Pji Cscbrf y @fog`tfr Ojs Lgrjs jo ifrtg. Go efbf bg trjisecscði bg ojs gstj`cfigs rgeftjs gs bg jutftrjisecscði pfr gvgitf, gs bg`cr qug oj gstj`cði givåj uij sgújo `jbj vgz qug sg j`ueuoj : ee bg oouvcj, jbgeês bg uij bg supgrvcvgi`cj `jbj :8 lfrjs, `ujibf if oougvg. Bg gstj nfrej oj cinfrej`cði oogaj j oj `gitrjo, bfibg sg oj rg`chg y prf`gsj gi nfrej `feputjrczj `feputjrczjbj, bj, gi go cistjitg gi qug sg prfbu`g go ngiðegif, of qug pgrectg `fitjr `fi ofs rgacstrfs gi tcgepf rgjo. 7.j.7.v.. 7.j.7.v Fhs Fhsgrvj grvj`cf `cfigs igs bg Trg Trg`cpc `cpctj` tj`cði cði `fi Xjb Xjbjr jr Wi rjbjr trjisectg ui puosf bg gigraåj gog`trfejai gog`trfejaiãtc`j ãtc`j `fef ui ljz gi uij bcrg``cði prgbgtgrecijb prgbgtgrecijbj j pfr egbcf bg uij jitgij eðvco. Go ji`lf y oj nfrej bgo ljz sg bgtgreciji pfr go tjejúf y oj `f `fin inca caur urj` j`cð cði i bg oj ji jitg tgij ij.. Oj fi fibj bj cr crrj rjbc bcjb jbj, j, qu qug g vc vcjk jkj j j oj vgof vgof`c `cbj bjb b bg oj ouz, ouz, gs rgno rgnogk gkjb jbj j pjr`cjoegitg pjr`cjoegi tg pfr ojs iuhgs y pfr ojs pjrtå`uojs bg prg`cpctj`cði y rgargsj jo rjbjr, bfibg gs rg`chcbj pfr  oj ecsej jitgij. Pg pugbg bgtg`tjr jså oj prgsgi`cj bg prg`cpctj`cði bgitrf bg ui jo`ji`g bgtgrecijbf pfr `cgrtfs pjrêegtrfs bgo scstgej, pfr oj egbcbj y iûegrf bg aftjs pfr uicbjb bg vfouegi y pfr go gng`tf bg `urvjturj bg oj tcgrrj. Gi oj prê`tc`j, pjrtc`uojregitg gi ojtctubgs tgepojbjs, tjo jo`ji`g if gs supgrcfr j 874 me. @fi go gepogf bg ui gqucpf bg prf`gsjecgitf bg bjtfs gs pfschog gstcejr oj prg`cpctj`cði sfhrg ui êrgj bgtgrecijbj gi tcgepf rgjo y `fi uij gxj`tctub `fepjrjhog `fi ofs bjtfs egbcfs fhtgicbfs j pjrtcr bg uij rgb bg pouvcðegtrfs `fivgi`cfijogs. Jûi gi êrgjs efitjúfsjs hjkf `fibc`cfigs cbgjogs gs pfschog uij jprfxcej`cði bgo frbgi bgo :7% gi tftjogs lfrjrcfs sfhrg pgqugújs suh`ugi`js. Go usf bgo rjbjr gs bg cijprg`cjhog vjofr gi oj bgtg``cði bg tfregitjs `fivg`tcvjs, j ofs ncigs bg oj cepogegitj`cði bg jogrtjs lcbrfoðac`fs, gi nfrej jsf`cjbj j oj rgb tgogeãtrc`j tgrrgstrg, pgrectcgibf gstjhog`gr oj prgsgi`cj, of`joczj`cði y gxtgiscði bg ofs iû`ogfs bg tfregitj, prfhjhog citgiscbjb bg oj prg`cpctj`cði qug pugbgi prfbu`cr, `fef jscecsef oj bcrg``cði y vgof`cbjb bg su bgspojzjecgitf. 7.j.7.v 7.j. 7.vc. c.

Gst Gstcej` cej`cði cði bg T Trg`c rg`cpct pctj`cf j`cfigs igs Egb Egbcji cjitg tg CCinf infrej` rej`cði cði Pjtgoc Pjtgoctjo tjo 

Ofs gstubcfs bg hjoji`g låbrc`f gi uij gs`joj aofhjo rgqucgrgi bg cinfrej`cði sfhrg prg`cpctj`cði gi êrgjs bfibg ojs rgbgs bg pouvcðegtrfs sfi cijbg`ujbjs f cigxcstgitgs, `fef pfr gkgepof ofs f`ãjifs. Bjbf qug ofs sjtãoctgs if pugbgi egbcr ojs oouvcjs gi nfrej bcrg`tj, pugbgi rgjoczjrsg pjrj tjogs ncigs gstcej`cfigss jprfxcejbjs bg oj `jitcbjb bg jauj `jåbj pfr egbcf bg oj jpoc`j`cði bg ui `fgnc`cgitg bg gstcej`cfig prg`cpctj`cði, nui`cði bg oj `jitcbjb, tcpf y gspgsfr bg ojs iuhgs fhsgrvjbjs f bgbu`cbjs j trjvãs bg ojs ceê ceêagi agigs gs sjt sjtgo goctj ctjog ogss y oj prg prg`cp `cpctj ctj`cð `cði i prf prfhj hjhog hog g cit citgis giscbj cbjb b jsf jsf`c `cjbj jbj j `jb `jbj j tcpf tcpf bg iuhg, iuhg, pjrêegtrfs qug bghgi bgtgrecijrsg gi hjsg j bjtfs tfejbfs sfhrg oj supgrnc`cg bg oj tcgrrj. Tugbgi gstcejrsg jså `jitcbjbgs bg oouvcj pjrj pgråfbfs bg ui egs f ejyfrgs. ^JXCJ@C J@CFIG FIGP P BG OJ TXG@CTC TXG@CTCRJ@ RJ@CFI CFI 7.j.>. ^JXC 7.j. 7.j.>. >.c. c.

^j ^jrc rcj` j`cf cfig igss Ag Agfa farê rênc nc`j `jss

Gi agigrjo oj prg`cpctj`cði gs ejyfr `gr`j bgo g`ujbfr y bcseciuyg jo juegitjr oj ojtctub. Pci gehjraf, oj crrgauojrcbjb y frcgitj`cði bg ojs csfygtjs gi ofs ejpjs bg prg`cpctj`cði egbcj jiujo bgo euibf, cibc`ji qug su bcstrchu`cði agfarênc`j bgpgibg bg nj`tfrgs eês rgogvjitgs qug oj rgngrcbj bcstji`cj jo g`ujbfr. Oj nugitg prci`cpjo bg luegbjb pjrj oj prg`cpctj`cði gs oj gvjpfrj`cði j pjrtcr bg ojs supgrnc`cgs bg ojs arjibgs ejsjs bg jauj. Tfr of tjitf oj prg`cpctj`cði tcgibg j sgr ejyfr `gr`j bg ojs `fstjs, sjovf bcstfrscfigs bghcbjs j nj`tfrgs frfarênc`fs. Tugstf qug go js`gisf bg ojs ejsjs bg jcrg `fistctuyg eêsejyfrgs cepfrtjitg pjrj `jsc ofs tcpfs t cpfs bg prg`cpctj`cði, ojs `jitcbjbgs y ojs nrg`ugi`cjs sfi pfrgoofnj`tfr agigrjo gi go ojbf bgtfbfs hjrofvgitf bg ojs hjrrgrjs efitjúfsjs.

 

Tfr go `fitrjrcf, y pugstf qug go efvcecgitf lj`cj jhjkf bgo jcrg prfbu`g uij bcseciu`cði bg oj luegbjb rgojtcvj, go ojbf bg sftjvgitf bg ojs hjrrgrjs gxpgrcegitj pfr of agigrjo uij prg`cpctj`cði rgojtcvjegitg hjkj. Pg lji bgsjrrfoojbf pfr pjrtg bg bcvgrsfs civgstcajbfrgs gxprgscfigs qug rgoj`cfiji oj prg`cpctj`cði `fi oj jotctub, `fi oj prfxcecbjb jo ejr y `fi ftrfs nj`tfrgs, `fi `fi`ouscfigs bcngrgitgs y sci qug tjogs gxprgscfigs sgji bg jpoc`j`cði agigrjoczjbj. 7.j.>.cc.

^jrcj`cfigs ggi i ggo o Rc Rcge gepf pf

 Juiqug joauijs nrj``cfigs bgo rgacstrf bg prg`cpctj`c prg`cpctj`cfigs figs qug sg `fiscbgrgi jcsojbje jcsojbjegitg, gitg, pugbji suagrcr ui juegitf f uij bcseciu`cði tgepfrjo bg sus ejaictubgs, pjrg`g gxcstcr uij tgibgi`cj j rgargsjr lj`cj oj egbcj jo `fiscbgrjr ojrajs sgrcgs bg bjtfs, bg efbf qug gi goojs ofs pgråfbfs gxtrjfrbcijrcjegitg lûegbfs tcgibgi j sgr hjoji`gjbfs pfr ofs pgråfbfs sg`fs. Oj crrgauojrcbjb bg gstjs nou`tuj`cfigs lj scbf jscbujegitg civgstcajbj. Jûi `ujibf sg lji gstubcjbf eês bg :44 `c`ofs jpjrgitgs, qug vji bgsbg pgråfbfs bg : j 122 júfs, y oj hchocfarjnåj gspg`cjoczjbj rgacstrj iuegrfsfs gsnugrzfs pjrj bgtg`tjr gstjs vjrcj`cfigs, `fi gx`gp`cði bg ofs `jehcfs bcurifs y gstj`cfijogs, if sg lji pfbcbf bgefstrjr `fi`ouygitgegitg `c`ofs pgrscstgitgs y rgauojrgs, bg joauij ejaictub jprg`cjhog. Tjrj trjtjr bg gstjhog`gr oj gxcstgi`cj bg tjogs `c`ofs, sg bghgråji arjnc`jr ofs júfs su`gscvfs gi jhs`csjs y ojs joturjs bg prg`cpctj`cði bg `jbj júf gi frbgijbjs, bchukjibf oj `urvj `rfifoðac`j rgsuotjitg, bg `uyf jiêocscs pfbrê suracr f if ui bgtgrecijbf arjbf bg `c`oc`cbjb gi oj bcstrchu`cði `fi qug sg prgsgitgi ojs prg`cpctj`cfigs. Gi `jsf pfsctcvf suracrê oj burj`cði bg tjogs `c`ofs y ojs `jrj`tgråstc`js bg oj bcstrchu`cði, ejaictub y tcgepfs bg rgpgtc`cði bg ofs pgråfbfs eês lûegbfs y eês sg`fs.  J pgsjr qug oj gxcstgi`cj bg tjogs `c`ofs y sus gvgitujogs `jrj`tgråstc`js scaug scgibf ejtgrcj bg bcs`uscði, rgsuotj `cgrtf qug oj prg`cpctj`cði bg `jbj júf gs ui ngiðegif jogjtfrcf, sfhrg go `ujo if gxcstgi tgibgi`cjs qug frcgitgi lj`cj ui prfiðstc`f bg oj ejaictub `fi`rgtj qug jo`jizjrê oj ecsej gi ui nuturf ciegbcjtf, vjrcjibf iftfrcjegitg oj bcstrchu`cði jiujo y gstj`cfijo, tjitf gi citgiscbjb `fef gi go tcpf bg ojs prg`cpctj`cfigs `jrj`tgråstc`js, jûi `fiscbgrjibf rgacfigs rgojtcvjegitg `gr`jijs bgitrf bg ui ecsef pjås f `fejr`j agfarênc`j. Gstjs vjrcj`cfigs sfi bg arji cepfrtji`cj gi oj `jrj`tgrczj`cði bgo `ocej bg oj rgacði. Jbgeês, oj prg`cpctj`cði gi uij bgtgrecijbj ãpf`j pugbg f if sgr ûtco j oj jarc`uoturj, sgaûi oj `frrgspfibgi`cj bg ofs pgråfbfs gi qug jquãooj sg prfbuz`j y go `c`of vgagtjtcvf bg ofs `uotcvfs. 7.j. 7.j.>.c >.ccc cc..

Trg`c Trg`cpc pctj tj`c `cfi figs gs Eê Eêxce xcejs js

Ftrf Ftrfss gvgi gvgitf tfss `u `uyf yf gstu gstubc bcf f rg rgvc vcst stg g ar arji ji ci citg tgrã rãss gi ciag ciagic icgr gråj åj lcbr lcbrfo foða ðac` c`j j of `fis `fistctctu tuyg ygi i ojs ojs prg`cpctj`cfigs bg arji gi uij rgacði bjbj, tjitf qug lj`g j oj f ojs ãpf`js pugbji prfbu`crsg, `fefejaictub ojs gxtgiscfigs qug jhjrqugi, pfrgi ojsof`rg`cbjs qug pugbgi agigrjrgi giqug ofs `ursfs låbrc`fs qug jocegitji f qug scrvgi bg bgsjaÿg j ojs jaujs bgrcvjbjs bg ofs gs`urrcecgitfs supgrnc`cjogs.  J scepog tåtuof coustrjtcvf, coustrjtcvf, uij rg rgsgúj sgúj bg ojs eê eêxcejs xcejs prg`cpc prg`cpctj`cfigs tj`cfigs puitu puitujogs jogs rgacstrjb rgacstrjbjs js gi go euibf euibf,, `fiscaij ofs scaucgitgs vjofrgs, gi nui`cði bg su burj`cði; 

Gi ui eciutf

0< ee

Hjrft (Aujbjoupg)

8>/::/:314

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:8> ee

Nÿssgi (Hjvcgrj)

87/47/:384

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Gi :7 eciutfs

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Toueh Tfcit (Kjejc`j)

:8/47/:3:>

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Gi :8 lfrjs

:.024 ee

Hgofvug (Xguicði)

82

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Gi 82 lfrjs

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Gi gstj`cfigs bgo Arji Egibfzj sg pugbgi bgstj`jr `fef rgacstrfs iftjhogs; 

Gi 7 eciutfs

:3 ee

:2/48/:334

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Gi :4 eciutfs

08 ee

42/48/:338

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Gi :7 eciutfs

03 ee

42/48/:338

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Gi 04 eciutfs Gi 14 eciutfs

74 ee 7%

>7 j 7

Ofs pjsfs j sgaucr pjrj oj `fistru``cði bg ojs `urvjs bg CBN C BN pjrj uij gstj`cði bjbj sfi ofs scaucgitgs scaucgitgs;; j) Pg sgog``c sgog``cfiji fiji tfbjs ojs prg`cp prg`cpctj`cfigs ctj`cfigs ci citgisjs tgisjs prfbu prfbu`cbjs `cbjs burji burjitg tg ofs júf júfss bgo pgråf pgråfbf bf bg qug sg bcspfigi rgacstrfs.

 

h) Pg bghg ``fif`gr, fif`gr, pjr pjrj j `jbj ui uij j bg gooj goojs, s, ojs lfrjs bg cic`c cic`cj`cði, j`cði, oj bg ncijoczj`c ncijoczj`cði, ði, y su `urv `urvj j bg ejsj. `) Wi jiêo jiêocscs cscs bg ojs citgi citgiscbj scbjbgs bgs y burj`cð burj`cði i bg ojs tfregitj tfregitjss rgacstr rgacstrjbjs jbjs,, pgrectc pgrectcrê rê bgtgre bgtgrecijr cijr oj ‟burj`cði tcpf f ‟`jrj`tgråstc`j― bg ojs prg`cpctj`cfigs citgisjs bg oj rgacði. (Tjrj ojs tfregitjs rgacstrjbjs gi go êrgj bgo Arji Egibfzj, oj burj`cði `jrj`tgråstc`j, qug ougaf sg jbfptj `fef burj`cði bg ojs tfregitjs bg prfyg`tf pjrj gvgitfs bg ejaictub, gs bgo frbgi bg uij lfrj). Ncaurj 04 eci

4

4

:4

84

04

24

74

>4

14

4 :14 :4, 34, gt`. Tjrj lfefagigczjr ofs `êo`uofs sg oogvj ougaf `jbj uif uif bg gs gstf tfss vjof vjofrg rgss j ee ee/l /l.. Pg fh fhtctcgi gigi gi jså, jså, pj pjrj rj `jbj `jbj gvgi gvgitf tf,, ojs ojs citg citgis iscb cbjb jbgs gs `frrgspfibcgitgs j pgråfbfs bg burj`cði `rg`cgitg. g) Pg jarup jarupji ji ougaf oojs js citgisc citgiscbjbgs bjbgs gxprgsj gxprgsjbjs bjs gi e ee/l e/l rgsuotjitg rgsuotjitgss bg oj `f `fiscbgrj`cð iscbgrj`cði i bg tfbjs ojs tfregitjs, pfr sgpjrjbf pjrj `jbj uif bg ofs pgråfbfs bgncicbfs bg burj`cði `rg`cgitg, fhtgicãibfsg fhtgicãib fsg jså, gi ui `ujbrf `fepjrjtcv `fepjrjtcvf, f, pjrj `jbj burj`cði, oj sgrcg bg vjofrgs rgacstrjbfs bg citgiscbjbgs bg prg`cpctj`cði. prg`cpctj`cði. Cibgpgibczjibf gstfs vjofrgs bgo júf bg f`urrgi`cj bg oj tfregitj, sg fhtcgigi pjrj `jbj bu burj` rj`cði cði,, sgr sgrcg cgss pj pjr`c r`cjo jogs gs bg oooouvc uvcjs js eê eêxce xcejs, js, gi ee/ ee/l, l, qug qug sg frb frbgij giji i ougaf ougaf gi nfr nfrej ej bg`rg`cgitg. n) Pfh Pfhrg rg `jbj ui uij j bg ojs sgrcg sgrcgss jså `finf `finfrejb rejbjs, js, sg jpoc jpoc`j `j uij ogy prf prfhjhc hjhcoåstc oåstc`j `j bg bcstr bcstrchu` chu`cði cði bg vjofrgs gxtrgef, qug pgrectg bgtgrecijr ofs vjofrgs `frrgspfibcgitgs j pgråfbfs bg rg`urrgi`cj prggstjhog`cbfs prggstjhog `cbfs (844, :44, 74 júfs). a) tcgepfs Gi nui`c nui`cði ði rg`urrgi`cj bg ofs tcge tcgepf pfss `fr `frrgs rgspf pfibc ibcgit j ofs ofs pgr pgråfb fs bg fhtgicbjs burj burj`cð `cði i `rg `rg`cg itg (t),sgaûi bg ofs bg jbfptjbfs (Rr) y gitgs ojsgs citgiscbj citgiscbjbgs bgsåfbfs lfrjrcjs pfr`cgitg `êo`uof go pjsf g), sg pugbgi trjzjr ojs rgprgsgitj`cf rgprgsgitj`cfigs igs bg CBN.

 

Ojs `urvjs CBN pugbgi rgacfijoczjrsg pjrj su jpoc`j`cði j uij zfij jhjr`jbj pfr uij `ugi`j f `fikuitf bg `ugi`js, gi oj qug, sc jquãooj gs pouvcfeãtrc`jegitg lfefaãigj, sg prgsgitjrêi `urvjs CBN bg scecojrgs `jrj`tgråstc`js gi ojs bcstcitjs gstj`cfigs qug uhcqugi gi oj ecsej. Gi tjo `jsf pfbrê `fistrucrsg uij arênc`j prfegbcf rgprgsgitjtcvj bg oj rgacði. GPRCEJ@CFI FI BG ^JOFXGP BG OJ OJP P ^JXCJHOGP TOW^CFEGR TOW^CFEGRXC@JP XC@JP 7.h.0. GPRCEJ@C Tjrj go gstubcf lcbrfoðac`f bg uij bgtgrecijbj gxtgiscði supgrnc`cjo bg tgrrgif, gs prg`csf gstcejr, j pjrtcr bg ofs bjtfs (eês f egifs bcspjrgs) fhtgicbfs gi ofs puitfs bg fhsgrvj`cði bg qug sg bcspfig, vjofrgs qug sgji jpoc`jhogs j oj zfij `fiscbgrjbj gi su `fikuitf. Gstg gs go `jsf qug eês nrg`ugitgegitg sg prgsgitj gi oj prê`tc`j, y tfbf of qug j `fitciuj`cði sg gxpfig pjrj oouvcjs, gs jpoc`jhog pfr jijofaåj j ojs bgeês vjrcjhogs egtgfrfoðac`js. Go prc prcegr egr pj pjsf sf gs rgu rguic icrr of ofss bjtfs bjtfs hês hêsc`f c`fss egt egtgf gfrfo rfoða ðac`f c`fss y `fepo `fepogtj gtjrr ojs sgr sgrcgs cgs lj`cã lj`cãibf ibfoj ojss lfefaãigjs gi tjejúf y `jocbjb pfr egbcf bg prf`gbcecgitfs gstjbåstc`fs. Oj lcpðtgscs hêsc`j gs `fiscbgrjr jpoc`jhog go rgacstrf fhtgicbf gi ui puitf j tfbj ui êrgj eês f egifs gxtgisj sgaûi oj bgiscbjb gspj`cjo bg oj rgb bg fhsgrvj`cði. Bgtgrecijr gstg bfecicf pjrj `jbj gstj`c gst j`cði ði gs ui prf prfho hogej gej j rg rgsfo sfovg vgrr gi `jb `jbj j `js `jsf f pj pjrtc rtc`uo `uojr, jr, tgi tgicg cgibf ibf gi `ug `ugitj itj pjrj pjrj goof goof ojs ojs `jrj`tgråstc`js bgo ngiðegif egtgfrfoðac`f y bg oj zfij gi gstubcf. Pg `ctji j `fitciuj`cði ofs prf`gbcecgitfs eês usujogs. 7. 7.h. h.0. 0.c. c.

Oo Oouv uvcj cj Eg Egbc bcjj gi ui uijj [f [fij ij

Egbcj Jrcteãtc`j @fiscstg gi tfejr `fef oouvcj egbcj bg oj zfij (pfr of agigrjo uij `ugi`j bgtgrecijbj), oj egbcj jrcteãtc`j bg ojs egbcbjs fhtgicbjs gi ofs pouvcðegtrfs sctujbfs gi gooj. Pc hcgi oj jprfxcej`cði gs gs`jsj, go prf`gbcecgitf pugbg sgr bg jpoc`j`cði gi zfijs qug rgûiji `jrj`tgråstc`js sunc`cgitgs bg lfefagigcbjb `oceêtc`j y nåsc`j, `ujibf oj bcstrchu`cði bg ojs gstj`cfigs sgj tjo qug go vjofr egbcf bcncgrj pf`f rgspg`tf jo vjofr pfibgrjbf, `ujibf gxcstj ui gogvjbf iûegrf bg gstj`cfigs, `ujibf oj bcstrchu`cði jrgjo bg ojs prg`cpctj`cfigs sgj rgojtcvjegitg uicnfreg f `ujibf ofs bjtfs hêsc`fs bcspfichogs if kustcncqugi ui prf`gbcecgitf bg pfibgrj`cði. Pcgibf T:,T8,M,Ti

oj oouvcj rg`facbj gi ofs ‟i― pouvcðegtrfs bg oj zfij gi go ecsef citgrvjof bg tcgepf

(uij tfregitj bgtgrecijbj, uij gstj`cði oouvcfsj, ui júf `jogibjrcf f lcbrfoðac`f), oj oouvcj egbcj pjrj oj zfij gs; i

  /::0/

 Tc

T J   c :  i

Eãtfbf bg ofs Tfoåafifs bg Rlcgssgi Gstg eãtfbf trjtj bg tfejr gi `fiscbgrj`cði oj gvgitujo njotj bg uicnfrecbjb gi oj bcstrchu`cði bg ofs pouvcðegtrfs, jscaijibf `fef bfecicf j `jbj uif bg goofs ui pfoåafif `fivgxf qug of rfbgj. Tjrj go trjzjbf bg ofs pfoåafifs, prcegrf sg bghg trjzjr oj bgifecijbj Xgb bg Rrcêiauofs Crrgauojrgs (`fif`cbj `fef RCI pfr sus scaojs ciaogsjs bg Rrcjiauojr Crrgauojr Igtwfrm) oj qug sg ofarj uicgibf, `fi sgaegitfs rg`tfs, oj pfsc`cði bg `jbj pouvcðarjnf `fi ofs ftrfs pouvcðarjnfs eês `gr`jifs. Tfstgrcfregitg sg trjzji ojs egbcjtrc`gs `frrgspfibcgitgs j `jbj trcêiauof bchukjbf. Gi ofs pfoåafifs gxtgrifs sg `fitciûji gstjs egbcjtrc`gs ljstj go gxtgrcfr bgo oåectg bg oj `ugi`j. Gi gstfs pfoåafifs oceåtrfngs sg bghgrê `fiscbgrjr sfojegitg go êrgj citgrcfr j oj zfij, pgrf pjrj su bchukf pugbgi tgigrsg gi `ugitj pouvcðegtrfs gxtgrcfrgs j gooj. Pc ojs oouvcjs, egbcbjs pfr ofs pouvcðegtrf pouvcðegtrfss sfi

T:,T8,M,T i

gi go citgrvjof bg tcgepf `feûi `fiscbgrjbf, y ojs êrgjs rgspg`tcvjs bg ofs bfecicfs pfocafijogs jscaijbjs j `jbj uif sfi A:,A8,M,Ai

 

 J:, J8,M, Ji , oj oouvcj egbcj sgrê;

  /::2/

i Tc * J c

TR  

c  :

i

 Tc * J c  

i

 

c  :

 J

i

 J    Tc * c  J c :

 Jc c: Ncaurj 03. Tfoåafifs bg Rlcgssgi

Ofs rgsuotjbfs sfi hugifs gi zfijs oojijs, `fi pouvcfegtråj bg bcstrchu`cði hjstjitg lfefaãigj. Eãtfbf bg ojs @urvjs Csfygtjs ^fo`jibf gi ui pojif oj uhc`j`cði bg ofs pouvcðegtrfs y ojs rgspg`tcvjs `jitcbjbgs bg oouvcj rg`facbjs, go eãtfbf `fiscstg gi citgrpfojr oåigjs bg caujo prg`cpctj`cði (j ojs qug sg bgifecij csfygtjs f csflcgtjs) bg j`ugrbf `fi gstfs vjofrgs. Ncaurj 24. @urvjs Csfygtjs

 

Tjrj go trjzjbf bg ojs csfygtjs if sugog sgr sunc`cgitg pfr of agigrjo uij scepog citgrpgoj` citgrpgoj`cði cði ocigjo scif qug bgh bghgrê grêi i tgi tgigrs grsg g gi `ug `ugitj itj ojs `j `jrj` rj`tgr tgråst åstc`j c`jss bg uhc`j uhc`j`cð `cði i bg `jb `jbj j pouvc pouvcðe ðegtr gtrf f (sctuj (sctuj`cð `cði, i, vgagtj`cði `cr`uibjitg, `cr`uibjitg, jotctub, tfpfarjnåj, gt`.), y sgaûi goojs sg prf`gbgrê j gng`tujr uij citgrpgoj`cði rj`cfijo. Pgji

T:,T8,M,T

ofs vjofrgs jscaijbfs j `jbj csfygtj y

ojs êrgjs gitrg ojs csfygtjs

 J:, J 8,M,  Ji:

i

T:  T8,T8  T0,M,Ti:  Ti . Oj oouvcj gi oj `ugi`j f êrgj `fiscbgrjbj : sgrê;    i   * T    T  *    J c : c 8 /::7/ TR   c  8  i  Jc:

i

T    T  * J c:

c :

  c  8 

c

c:

8*J

c8

Gxcstcrê bubj gi oj oouvcj qug `frrgspfibg jo êrgj sctujbj gitrg ojs csfygtjs gxtrgejs y go oåectg bg oj zfij. Tugbg jbfptjrsg `fef vjofr go bg T bg gsjs csfygtjs gxtrgejs y jújbcr gi go iuegrjbfr bg oj /::7/ go suejibf `frrgspfibcgitg, f hcgi tfejr `fef vjofr bg gsjs êrgjs oj egbcj jrcteãtc`j bg ofs vjofrgs fhtgicbfs gi ofs pouvcðegtrfs qug `fitcgigi. Go eãtfbf bg ojs `urvjs csfygtjs gs go qug bj rgsuotjbfs eês j`gptjhogs, pgrf go `jrê`tgr suhkgtcvf bgo bchu bchukf kf bg ojs ojs ec ecse sejs js lj lj`g `g ig ig`g `gsj sjrc rcf f qu qug g sg pf pfsg sgj j pjrj pjrj goof goof ui hugi hugi `fif `fif`c `cec ecgi gitf tf bg ojs ojs `jrj`tgråstc`js `oceêtc`js `oceêtc`js y nåsc`js bg oj zfij. 7.h.0. 7.h .0.cc. cc. Jiê Jiêocsc ocscss bg Êrg Êrgj/Bu j/Burj`c rj`cði/ ði/Trf Trfnui nuibcb bcbjb jb  J pgsjr qug eu`lfs eu`lfs prfhogejs bg lcbrfofaåj rgq rgqucgrgi ucgrgi ui jiêo jiêocscs cscs bg oj bcstrchu bcstrchu`cði `cði tgepfrjo y g gspj`cjo spj`cjo bg ojs prg`cpctj`cfigs gi uij tfregitj, ofs ecsefs if sg gi`ugitrji tji bgsjrrfoojbfs `fef ofs `frrgspfibcgitgs `frrgspfib cgitgs j ojs prg`cpctj`cfigs puitujogs. Gi go `jsf bg tfregitjs qug prgsgitji ui rêpcbf bg`rg`cecgitf bgsbg go iû`ogf `gitrjo, bfibg oj prg`cpctj`cði jo`jizj su vjofr eêxcef (`jsf `jrj`tgråstc`f bg ojs prg`cpctj`cfigs `fivg`tcvjs), oj oouvcj egbcj bg`rg`g j egbcbj qug juegitj oj supgrnc`cg bg oj zfij bg ci`cbgi`cj `fiscbgrjbj. Ncaurj 2:. @urvjs J-B-T :44 :7 eci 04 eci >4 eci

34 4 74 24 04 84 :4 4

4

:44

844

044

244

744

>44

144

/

P   * j * h

scgibf j y h ojs ofiactubgs bg ofs sgecgkgs ejyfr y egifr, rgspg`tcvjegitg. Tjrj gng`tujr su trjzjbf sg rgqucgrg `fif`gr `fef `fibc`cði `fepogegitjrcj, `fepogegitjrcj, oj rgoj`cði gitrg j y h, oj qug pugbg gstjhog`grsg egbcjitg oj vjofrj`cði `fepjrjtc `fepjrjtcvj vj bg oj `fincaurj`cði bg csfygtjs `fistrucbjs `fi ofs rgacstrfs pouvcfeãtrc`fs rgjogs bg tfregitjs prfbu`cbjs sfhrg go êrgj. @fef vjofr bg rgngrgi`cj, go Tjtrði bg Csfygtjs Ptjibjrb gojhfrjbf pjrj oj rgacði uhc`jbj jo gstg bgo egrcbcjif :47´ bg ofs GG.WW. gstjhog`g `fef rgoj`cði rgoj`cði j 5 8,7 h. @jhg tgigr prgsgitg qug go gepogf bgo Tjtrði bg Csfygtjs sg tfrij cijpoc`jhog `ujibf ofs iû`ogfs sfi rgojtcvjegitg pgqugúfs gi `fepjrj`cði `fi go êrgj bg oj `ugi`j qug sg jijoczj, pugs oj prg`cpctj`cði prfegbcf sfhrg oj ecsej bcseciucrê rêpcbjegitg, civjocbjibf `fepogtjegitg su utcoczj`cði. Gi tjogs `cr`uistji`c `cr`uistji`cjs js bghgrê fptjrsg pfr; j) Puhbcvcbc Puhbcvcbcrr go êrgj tftjo gi suh`ugi`js bg supgr supgrnc`cgs nc`cgs `fep `fepjrjhogs jrjhogs `f `fi i oj gxtgi gxtgiscði scði bgo arupf bg gocpsgs `gitrjogs bg oj pojitcooj, y gng`tujr ougaf go trjsojbf bg ofs gs`urrcecgitfs agigrjbfs, j of ojraf bg ofs `ju`gs prci`cpjogs. h) @fi @fiscbg scbgrjr rjr `fef Tjtrð Tjtrði i bg Csfy Csfygtjs gtjs Ptji Ptjibjrb bjrb bfs (f eês) njeco njecocjs cjs bg gocpsg gocpsgs, s, `uyjs bcstji bcstji`cjs `cjs eåicejs gitrg `gitrfs g citgiscbjbgs rgojtcvjs, bghgrêi suracr bgo jiêocscs bg tfregitjs rgjogs rgacstrjbjs pfr oj rgb pouvcfeãtrc`j bg oj rgacði.