Herbal Medicine

Herbal Medicine

AKAPULKO 



Enhances immune system to fight

infection



Is

antibacterial &

English name: name:

antipyretic PREPARATION

Acapulco, ringworm bush 

Scientific



Family:

name: name: Cassia alata L.



Wash the leaves and cut into small pieces



Boil 2 glasses of chopped leaves, add 4 glasses of water,

Leguminosae 

let it boil for 15 mins. in low fire without cover

Akapulko or bayabas-bayabasan contains chrysophanic



acid, id, a fungicide used to treat fungal infections, like



ringworms, scabies and eczema. 

Set aside to cool then strain Drink 1/3 glass of decoction 30 mins. Before meal 3 x a day

Akapulko also contains saponin, a laxative that is useful in



Sprouted leaves can be eaten, steamed or cooked on top

expelling intestinal parasites. 

The

an antioxidant, parasiticide,

of boiled rice, ½ glass 2x a day

extracts from the plant is commonly used as an

ingredient for lotions, soaps and shampoos. Uses of Akapulko:

BAWANG 

English name: name: Garlic

     

Treatment

of skin diseases: Tinea infections, insect bites,

ringworms, eczema, scabies and itchiness.



Scientific



Family:

      Internal: Expectorant for bronchitis and dyspnoea,

mouthwash in stomatitis, alleviation of asthma symptoms,

Liliaceae DESECRIPTION

used as diuretic and purgative, for cough & fever, as a



Cloves used as spice

laxative to expel intestinal parasites and other stomach



Elongated leaves with flower

problems. A strong decoction of the leaves is an



Uses of Bawang:

abortifacient.



 

1. 2.

Pound

fresh, mature leaves

 Aids in lowering blood

pressure

 Remedy for arteriosclerosis

times a day

 May May help prevent certain

For people sensitive (allergic) to extracted juice, make

 Boosts immune system to fight infection

decoction

 With antioxidant properties

Boil 1 glass of chopped leaves with 2 glasses of water

 Cough and cold remedy

under low fire for 15 minutes without cover

 Relives sore throat,

toothache

Wash the affected area of skin 1-2 times aday

 Aids in the treatment of

tuberculosis

types of of cancer cancer

 With anticoagulant properties

English name: name: Bitter gourd, bitter melon

PREPARATION

name: name: Momord ica ica char antia antia



Fry in a small amount or without oil



Broil the cloves



Scientific



Family



Soak in vinegar for 30 minutes

Cucurbitaceae



Blanch in boiling water for 5 minutes



Eat 2-3 cloves 3 x a day after meal

DESCRIPTION 

Vine,



Vegetables



Contains a mixture of flavanoids and alkaloids make the



English Name: ame: Guava

Pancreas



Scientific



Family:

with flower and fruit bearing family, the leaves and fruit can be eaten

produce more insulin that controls the blood

sugar in diabetics. 

levels (LDL)

Apply extracted juice on affected area of the skin 1-2

AMPALAYA 

 Good for the heart  Helps lower bad cholesterol

Preparation 

name: name:  Allium sativum

Good

BAYABAS

source of vitamins A, B and C, iron, folic acid,

phosphorous and calcium.

ium guajava name: name: Psi d  d iu

Myrtaceae DESCRIPTION

Uses of Ampalaya:



Good



And diseases of the spleen and liver



Aids in lowering blood sugar levels

usually harvested and eaten while still green. The fruit



Helps

turns yellowish-green and soft when ripe.



Relives headaches



The

bark and leaves can be used as astringent.



Disinfects and heals wounds & burns



The

use of the leaves is for cleaning and disinfecting



Can be used as a cough & fever

remedy

wounds by rinsing the afflicted area with a decoction of 



Treatment

diarrhea

the leaves. The fruit, aside form being delicious, contains a



for rheumatism and gout

Bayabas or guava is a small small tree, 3  5 meters tall with



greenish-brownish smooth bark. 

in lowering blood pressure

Helps

of intestinal worms,

prevent some types of cancer

The

round globular bayabas fruit starts as a flower and is

very high concentration of vitamin C.

DESCRIPTION 



Bayabas or guava is a small tree, 3  5 meters tall with greenish-brownish smooth bark.



The

Family:

Compositae DESCRIPTION

round globular bayabas fruit starts as a flower and is

usually harvested and eaten while still green.

The

fruit



Shrub, 3 meters high

Uses of Sambong

turns yellowish-green and soft when ripe.



Diuretic agent



The

bark and leaves can be used as astringent.



Effective in the dissolving kidney stones



The

use of the leaves is for cleaning and disinfecting



For hypertension & rheumatism

wounds by rinsing the afflicted area with a decoction of 



Treatment

the leaves. The fruit, aside form being delicious, contains a



Anti-diarrheic & Anti-gastralgic properties

very high concentration of vitamin C.



Helps



Treats

Uses of  Bayabas:

of colds & fever

remove worms, boils dysentery, sore throat

PREPARATION 

Antiseptic, astringent & anthelminthic



Wash the leaves and chop or cut in small pieces



Kills



Measure 2 glasses of water and 1 glass chopped leaves



Treat



Boil under low fire for 15 mins. Without cover

bacteria and fungi diarrhea in children



Hypertension,



Promotes



Toothache

diabetes and Asthma

menstruation

PREPARATION



Set aside to cool then strain



1/3 glass 3x a day

TSAANG-GUBAT



Wash the leaves and chop into pieces



Boil 2 glasses of chopped leaves with 4 glasses of water



Boil for 15 minutes in low fire without cover



Scientific



Set aside to cool then strain



Family:



Wound treatment: Wash the wound 2x a day



Mouth wash: Luke warm decoction



English Name: Wild tea name: E hr etia microphylla Lam.

Boraginaceae DESCRIPTION:

LAGUNDI



Shrub, 5 meters high



Has

small and shiny leaves



English Name: Chaste tree



Scientific



Family:



Gastroenteritis

Verbenaceae



Intestinal



Dysentery



Diarrhoea or LBM



Mouth gargle



Body cleanser/wash

Uses of Tsaang-Gubat 

name: V itex negundo L.

DESCRIPTION  

Shrub, 5 meters high It

is one of the ten herbal medicines endorsed by the

Philippine

D OH as an effective herbal medicine with



Wash the leaves and chop or cut in small pieces

Relief of asthma & pharyngitis



Measure 2 glasses of water and 1 glass chopped leaves

Relief of rheumatism,



Boil under low fire for 15 mins. Without cover

dyspepsia, boils, diarrhea



Set aside to cool then strain



1/2 glass every 4 hours

Uses of Lagundi  

motility

PREPARATION

proven therapeutic value. 

Stomach pains

Treatment

of cough,

colds, fever and flu and other

bronchopulmonary

disorders



Alleviate symptoms of

Chicken Pox



Removal of worms, and

boils

PREPARATION 

Wash the leaves and chop or cut into pieces



Measure 2 glasses of water and 1 glass of chopped fresh leaves

ULASIMANG BATO 

English Name: Peperomia



Scientific



Family:

name: Pe peromia pelluci d a Linn.

Piperaceae

DESCRIPTION



Boil under low fire for 15 minutes without cover





Set aside to cool then strain



Cough and Asthma: 1/3 glass 3 x a day



Arthritis



Fever: 1/3 glass every 4 hours



Gout



Skin boils, abscesses, pimples

A variety of grass with heart-shaped leaves

Use of Pansit-pansitan



Headache



English Name: Blumea camphora



Abdominal pains



Scientific



kidney problems

SAMBONG

name: Blumea balsamifer a

PREPARATION 

Wash 1 ½ glass fresh mature leaves



Add pinch of salt and pepper to taste



Divide into 3 parts and consume in the morning, at noon



Consume seeds 2 hours after meal



If

the first dose has no effect, repeat the same dose after

one week Nut ri ti  on and



and at night DECOCTION

Diet 

Science that deals with the process by which components of food are made available for an organism for meeting



Wash the leaves and cut into small pieces

energy requirements, building and maintaining and in



Boil 2 glasses of chopped leaves with 4 glasses of water,

more general terms, for maintaining the organism in an

let it boil for 15 mins. Under low fire without cover 

Cool then strain



Drink 1/3 glass 3x a day after meal

optimum function state. 

Two Groups

of Foods Micronutrients  include vitamins

and some elements.

These

are consumed in small

amounts and are absorbed unchanged. 

YERBA BUENA

Macronutrients  include carbohydrates, fats and



English Name: Peppermint

proteins, which on digestion are converted to glucose,



Scientific

fatty acids, glycerol, peptides and amino acids

name:

Mentha cord if olia 

I.

CARBOHYDRATES

Family:



prime importance in the diet

Labiatae



Food sources:

DESCRIPTION

Starches (Plain cooked rice, maize, bihon, puto); root crops (camote,



Vine



Green

with mint aroma four-sided leaves

cassava, gabi, potato);fruits; sugar; vegetable (upo, beets, carrots, patani, batao) 

Uses of Yerba Buena :

providing the major source of energy intake (40-80% of 



Arthritis

total energy intake in different country and total energy



Head

intake for Filipinos) for work and development because of 



Tooth aches



Mouth wash



Relief of intestinal gas



Stomach aches

distributed in a variety of easily grown plants such as



Indigestion

grains, vegetables and fruits



Drink as tea for general good health

aches

the following reasons. Reasons 1.

PREPARATION 

Carbohydrates are readily available being widely

2.

The

3.

Provides

Wash the leaves and chop or cut in small pieces

cost in the total food budget is relatively small quick and sustained body fuel from rapid

oxidation of starches and sugars yielding the needed body



Measure 2 glasses of water and 1 glass chopped leaves



Boil under low fire for 15 mins. Without cover



Set aside to cool then strain



RDA: 55-70% of TCA



Body pain/ache: 1/3 glass 3x a day



Energy yield: 4kcal/g



Pounded

fresh leaves can be applied directly on the

location of the pain

heat and energy with C O2 and water as end products Carbohydrates

II.

FATS

Food Source: 

fat

NIYUG-NIYOGAN 

English Name: Chinese honey suckle, Burma Creeper, Liane Vermifuge, Rangoon



Scientific



Family:

Saturated fatty acids  animal source like meat, eggs, milk

name: Quisqualis ind ica L.



(olive oil, peanuts, almonds, avocado oil) A. Functions 

Combretaceae 

Vine,



Has



Nuts



Seeds that taste like coconut

Containing source of fuel for the body to store and burn as needed for energy



DESCRIPTION

Unsaturated fatty acids  plant source like vegetable oil

up to 8 meters high

Like carbohydrates, fat spares protein from being used for energy

red, rose and white flowers



Dietary vehicle for vitamins A, D, E and

(fruit) bearing



Controls body temperature



Protections



RDA: 20-30%



Energy yield: 9 kcal/g

Uses of Niyug-Niyogan 

Antihelminthic: Dried seeds preferable for deworming



Diarrhea and fever: Roasted seeds

III. PROTEINS



Skin diseases: Pounded leaves externally

D. Food source:



Dysuria: Decoction of boiled leaves

PREPARATION 

Used only matured seeds, dried and newly cracked nut



K

against injury

Animal foods: fish, meat, poultry, and other internal organs, seafoods (crabs, shrimps, shellfish)



Plant

foods: dried beans, mongo, soybean, garbanzos,

peanuts, beans, nuts, rice and bread 

Protein,

Are large complex molecules that made up 20% of our body weight  muscles, bone, cartilage, skin, and other tissues

Calories, Niacin,

Riboflavin, Zinc, Vitamin A

From the Greek word proteius meaning of primary importance



Flaking dermatitis, scaling

Bruising purpura

Vitamin

Pigmentation

Niacin,

changes,

C, K, Fatty acids

protein-calorie

desquamation of semi exposed areas

TYPES OF PROTEINS

1.

Antibodies

2.

Contractile proteins

3.

Enzymes

4.

Hormonal

5.

Structural Proteins

6.

Storage Proteins and Transport proteins

Signs and symptoms in infant patients Sign

Possible Nutrient Deficiency

proteins

Functions of  Proteins: 

and Symptoms

Stunting, washing, lethargy,

Energy, protein, folic acid,

poor appetite, weight loss

Vitamin

D, Zinc, Calcium, Iron

Contributing to enzymes activity that promotes chemical reactions in the body

Poor



Transporting

resistance to infection



Keeping



Serving as building blocks for hormone production



Helping



Promoting

substances around the body

B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin

wound healing, impaired

Vitamin

A, Vitamin C, Zinc

Vitamin

A, Folic acid, Vitamin

fluids and p H balance in the body Anemia

B12, Iron

blood clot antibody activity that controls immune and Hypoglycemia,

allergy functions

ketosis

Carbohydrates

IV. VITAMINS



They

are classified as fat-soluble (ADE K) and water-soluble

(Vitamins B and C) 

Needed

Xerophthalmia

Vitamin

A

Rickets

Vitamin

D, Calcium

Brain damage, mental

Iodine

by the only in small amount

Signs and symptoms in adult patients Sign

and Symptoms

General: Wasted, skinny (especially

Possible Nutrient Deficiency Protein

calorie

temporal muscles)

retardation, hypothyroidism Abdomen

Protein

calorie

Distension and Hepatomegaly Protein,

Extremities:

Hyperparathyroidism

Calcium

Sensitivity to cold, changes to

Iron

thiamine

Edema Decubitus ulcer, poor wound healing

Protein, Vitamin

C, Zinc

Bone tenderness

Vitamin

D

Bone ache, joint pain

Vitamin

C

Muscle wasting and weakness

Protein

, calorie, Vitamin D

Muscle tenderness, muscle pain

Thiamine

finger-nails, hair or tongue

Table

of  Vitamins

Vitamins

Source

Function

Deficienc

RD

y,

A

Overdosa

ge and Sign and Symptoms

Possible Nutrient

Skin

Folate, iron, vitamin B12

Pallor

Toxicity

Deficiency

level Vitamin

Follicular hyperkeratosis

Vitamins

Perifollicular

Vitamin

petechiae (especially

after raised venous pressure)

A and C

C

A

(Retinol)

Liver, eggs,

Healthy

Night

500

milk, crab,

skin, bone

blindness

0

fat, cheese,

and teeth

Headache

I.U.

dilis,

developm

, skin

malunggay,

ent,

disease

kamote tops,

healthy

10 mg

Vitamin

D

(Calciferol)

kangkong,

hair, good

eggs yolk

saluyot,

vision and

absorbed

carrots,

reproducti

carbohydr

squash

on

ates

Manufacture

Bone

Rickets,

400

Vitamin

d by the body

growth

muscle

I.U.

(Riboflavin)

through

and

direct sunlight or

Dried

For

Chapped

1.7

mushrooms,

protein

lips,

mg

spasm

malunggay,

metabolis

cracked

developm

Loss of 

seaweed,

m. Helps

mucous

ent; helps

appetite,

powdered

the body

membran

UV rays. Liver

in the

nausea,

milk, liver,

release

es at the

fish oils, egg

absorption

vomiting,

heart,

energy

side of 

yolk

of calcium

excessive

kidney, lean

from food

the

and

thirst,

meat,

phosphoru

increased

shellfish,

s

urination,

quail eggs

nervousn

Vitamin

ess and

B2

from

B3

(NIACIN)

hypertens ion

mouth

Peanuts,

For

Pellagra

20

peanut

nervous

characteri

mg

butter, rice

and

zed by

polishing,

digestive

dermatitis

Vitamin E

Vegetable

An

RBC

30

whole wheat

system

, diarrhea

(Tocopherol)

oils, egg

antioxidan

hemolysis

I.U.

bread,

functions;

and

yolks, whole

ts. Helps

, bleeding

mushrooms,

helps

inflammat

grain cereals,

form red

problems,

dried Saffron

release

ion of the

wheat germ,

blood cells

eye

flowers(kasu

energy

mucous

green

problems,

bha), sesame

from food;

membran

vegetables,

difficulty

seeds,

controls

e

nuts, and

in

powdered

blood

100 mg

seeds,

walking,

coffee and

cholestero

margarine

nervous

tea

l

Dried yeast,

Helps

liver, organ

system

Vitamin

disorders,

B6

(pyridoxine)

double vision, muscles

in

Convulsio

2

nitrogen

n among

mg

meats, whole

metabolis

infants,

grain cereals,

m

anemia,

fish, legumes

weakness

skin diseases,

1g Vitamin K

nerve

Leafy

Formation

Hemorrha

problems

vegetables,

of clotting

ge

Nerve

alfalfa leaves,

factors

Kernicteru

problems

spinach,

s

500 mg

carrot tops,

500 mg

Vitamin

tomatoes, pork, liver vegetable oils Vitamin

B1

(Thiamine)

Whole grain,

Helps

cereals and

in

B12

Meats, liver,

Helps

from

(Cyanocobala

whole grain

red blood

min)

cereals, corn,

cells,

soybeans,

metabolize

Pernicious

1.5

peanuts and

d nutrients

the

anemia,

mg

green leafy

and

dried beans,

nervous

beriberi

vegetables

function of 

lean pork and

system

nervous

beef, liver,

function.

system

heart,

May also

kidney, fish

help in the

and shellfish

release of 

and duck

energy

Folic acid

Green

leafy

(folate)

vegetables,

red blood

root

cells

vegetables,

Helps

form

Pernicious

6

anemia

ug

Blood

400

disorders

ug

lean beef,

certain type

emaciation

liver, kidney,

of anemia

(thinness)

Banana,

Assists the

Anemia,

1-2

peas,

body in iron

anorexia,

mg

dairy Copper

products and yeast Vitamin

C

Scurvy

whole

utilization;

edema and

60

wheat,

helps built

retarded

mg

prunes,

hemoglobin

growth

oysters,

in the blood;

10 mg

shellfish

takes part in

Citrus fruits,

Helps

(ascorbic

tomatoes,

promote

acid)

potatoes,

growth,

cabbage,

bone and

green

teeth

ascorbic

peppers

developm

acid

ent. Also

metabolism

help in the

and aids use

repair of 

of fatty acid

tissues and Iodine

Onions,

Helps

Hypothyroidis

120

resistance

seafood,

regulate the

m, goiter, and

-

to

meat,

rate of 

related

150

infection

eggs

energy

growth

ug

production

2000 mcg

increase

Table

and body

of Minerals

Vitamins

Calcium

Chromium

Cobalt

Source

weight and Function

Dairy

Helps

products,

in the

Deficiency,

RD

promotes

Overdosage

A

proper

and Toxicity

growth. It

level

also promotes

Hypocalcemia

100

bone and

, muscle

0

milk and

teeth

spasm

mg

milk

formation.

Hypercalcemi

products,

Helps

a, kidney

Red meat,

Helps

fish, meat,

muscles

problems,

liver,

eggs,

contraction

difficulty in

cereal

and blood

urination

products,

clotting

2000 mg

in

healthy hair, nails, skin and teeth Iron

form

Anemia,

18

red blood

decreased

mg

kidney,

cells and

mental

beans,

transport of 

alertness

peas and

oxygen in

beans,

lentils,

the blood

fruits,

dried

and muscles

leafy

apricots

vegetable

and figs,

s

cocoa, bread and

Yeast,

Takes

part

Impaired

50-

nuts,

in glucose

action of 

200

mushroo

metabolism

insulin and

ug

ms,

and helps in

low blood

Magnesiu

Dried figs,

Aids in

Irritability,

270

asparagus

carbohydrat

glucose level

m

dried

regulation

abnormal

-

, meat,

e and fat

apricots,

of body

heart rhythm,

320

chicken,

utilization

lemon,

processes

emotional

mg

Meat,

Essential

Poor

almonds,

like normal

tension,

kidney,

components

and appetite,

corn,

heart

depression,

liver, milk,

of 

listlessness

nuts,

rhythm and

and muscular

oysters,

cobalamin

(lack of 

seeds,

in normal

weakness

clams

that helps

energy) and

vegetable

functioning

treat a

progressive

s, fruits

of body

growth

8 ug

cereal products

enzymes

Manganes

Nuts,

Essential

Skeletal

2.5-

e

leafy

constituent

abnormality

vegetable

of bone

s, beets, peas,

Selenium

Wheat

Pert

7

germ,

mg

Selenium

7-

certain

deficiency is

85

tomatoes,

enzymes

rare in

ug

structure;

onions,

that act as

human

vital in

broccoli,

antioxidants

whole

reproductio

garlic,

which help

grain

n and

eggs,

fight cell

cereals,

normal

seafood,

damage;

egg yolks,

functioning

liver,

helps

tea

of the

kidney

prevent

nervous

particular

system

type of 

Molybden

Green

Active role

Poor

um

leafy

in enzymatic

and slowing

-

vegetable

actions of 

down of body

500

s, lentils,

the body

activities

mg

growth

protein

150

calories malnutrition ; enhances proper

milk,

immune

whole

response;

grains,

and aids

potatoes,

proper

peas, liver

functioning Stunted

800

of heart

proper

growth and

mg

muscle

meat,

developmen

defective

poultry,

t of bones

structure of 

fish,

and teeth.

teeth and

cereals,

Facilitates

bones in

nut,

quick

young

legumes

release of 

children

energy for

Impaired

muscle

iron and

contraction.

calcium

Transports

utilization

fatty acids.

and bone

Prevents

erosion

Phosphoru

Milk,

Helps

s

cheese,

in the

Sodium

Abundant

Vital

in all

Necessary

14 g

950

meats,

for

-

eggs,

maintaining

266

table salt

fluid

0

balance.

mg

Transports

nutrients across cell membranes Zinc

Muscular

950

muscle

weakness,

-

foods,

contraction,

increase in

266

fresh

nerve

nervous

0

fruits and

impulses

irritability,

mg

vegetable

and proper

mental

s,

functioning

disorientation

including

of heart and

, and cardiac

potatoes,

kidneys.

irregularities

meat,

Helps

Heart

whole-

regulate

18g

meal

blood

flour, cereals,

pressure and water

milk,

balance in

coffee,

cells

tea

for

Shellfish,

of 

rickets Potassium

of 

block

Wheat

Helps

germ,

the

Growth

12-

body use

failure,

16

yeast,

protein and

impaired

mg

pumpkin

carbohydrat

wound

seeds,

es; vital for

healing,

lentils,

growth and

impaired

corn,

developmen

sense of taste

eggs, dry

t; synthesis

and smell,

milk, nuts,

of cell

and sexual

oysters, steak,

protein (DNA and

infantilism in teenagers

lamb

RNA

150 mg

chops

formation); and proper functioning of the immune system

V.

Minerals 

N eeded

by the body to function properly



Some minerals are needed in large doses ( calcium, iron,

40 or more

Morbidly Obese

etc.) while others may be taken in small amounts (copper,

VI.

magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, selenium, iodine,

DESIRABLE BODY WEIGHT (DBW)

sodium, potassium, zinc, etc.)

DETERMINATION 

WATER 

Makes up about 60% of an adults body weight. Requirements for water are met in many ways. Most fruits

The

DBW, and not the actual weight of the individual is

used as the basis in the calculation of  TER or TCA. 

It



a. Height-weight tables of F NRI



b. Modified Tannhausers method in the absence of height-

can be determined by:

are more than 90% water 

Takes

an active part in many chemical reactions and is

needed to carry other nutrients, to regulate body temperature, and to help eliminates wastes

weight tables

Factors affecting BMR 

Body size



Sex



Body temperature



Growth



Age



Pregnancy



Specific Dynamic Action or thermal effect of food





Body composition

inches above (below) 5ft



State of Nutrition



Climate



Hormone



Sleep



Physical



It

inches above (below) 5ft



Female 5ft 106 lbs ±4 lbs for every

Interpretation



secretions

Obese

if body weight is more than 20% above the

desirable weight 

or muscular activity

Overweight

if the weight is >10%-20% above the desirable

weight 

N ormal



Underweight if the weight is >10% below the desirable

is the number that shows body weight adjusted for

height. 

Males 5ft 112 lbs ±4 lbs for every

and lactation

Mass Index (BMI)



c. NADP Formula 

ADULTS Body

DBW(kg) = (height in cm - 100) - (10%[ht in cm  100])

if the weight is ±10% of the desirable body weight

weight An underweight

BMI can be calculated with simple math using inches and



Physical

Signs

pounds, or meters and kilograms.

a. adipose tissue lacking

For adults aged 20 years or older, BM I fall into one of 

b. muscles are flabby

these categories: underweight, normal, overweight, or

c. skin and bones

obese



Possible

complications

For adults aged 20 years or older, BM I fall into one of these

a. Kwashiorkor

categories:

b. Marasmus



Underweight



Normal



Hazards/Concerns



Overweight



Changes in normal body functions



obese



Risk of developing diseases



Increases



Lowers general fitness of a person



Physical,

BMI

Overweight

risk during surgeries

Social and Economical implications

DETERMINATION OF TOTAL ENERGY REQUIRMENT (TER) OR TOTAL CALORIC ALLOWANCE (TCA) 

Factorial Method

TCA or TER = BMR + PA + SDA

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) 

Minimum amount of energy needed to maintain the vital process of life under basal condition

Interpretation



1 kcal/kg of body weight/hour



Correction for sleep: deduct 0.5 kcal/kg BW/hr

BMI

Weight status

Below 15

Emaciated

15 - 18.5

Underweight

18.5 - 24.9

N ormal

25.0 - 29.9

Overweight



Hospital

30.0 - 39.9

Obese



Sedentary - 30%

 Physical

BMR =

1 kcal/kg x DBW x 24 hrs

Activity ( PA) patient - 10%



Light - clerks, typist (50%)



Moderate - housewives,shoemaker,jeepney

NADP

drivers,students, fishermen (75%)

b. NADP method

Heavy

TCA/TER=

 

 construction workers (100%)

DBW x 40= 50 x 40= 2226

PA = BMR x % physical activity classifi cation

Special Considerations Thermogenic



effect of blood (Specific Dynamic Action or SDA)

The

energy required for digestion, absorption, transport,

and utilization of food 

SDA = (BMR +

PA) x 0.6 adult

 NADP

(12 y/o)

0.15 child (90%

Example

Mild

80-90%

EXAMPLE COMPUTATION FOR DBW, TCA AND DISTRIBUTION of the

Moderate

TCA

Severe

into CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS AND FATS 

x 100 =___%

70-80% 95%

Mild

90-95%

= (155-100)  (55 x 0.1)

Moderate

80-90

= 50 kg

Severe