HEN-0000-SA-PH-0001-00
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Hengam Offshore Development Project EPCI For Topsides and Infield Pipelines and Subsea Cables Contract No. 4405-90-2FG HSE PHILOSOPHY Proj.
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“SAFETY PHILOSOPHY”
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1/18/2012
ISSUE FOR COMMENT
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Purpose of Issue
A.M
S.K
A.J
S.A
Prep.
Check
Approve
Approve
ISI / Ocean Development
IOOC
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REVISONS & HOLDS Revision
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Status
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Table of Contents 1.
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 9
1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 DEFINITION............................................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 9 2.
SCOPE OF WORK .................................................................................................................................. 12
2.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 CODES, STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES .................................................................. 12 2.2.1
REFERENCES FOR HSE PHILOSOPHY ........................................................................................ 12
2.2.2
ASSOCIATED PROJECT DOCUMENTS ........................................................................................ 15
3.
SAFETY CONCEPT................................................................................................................................. 16
3.1 SAFETY DESIGN OF PLATFORMS ........................................................................................................ 16 3.2 SAFETY SYSTEMS FOR THE PLATFORMS .......................................................................................... 18 4.
SAFETY OBJECTIVES............................................................................................................................ 19
4.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................... 19 4.2 DESIGN OBJECTIVE .............................................................................................................................. 20 4.2.1
ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND MITIGATION................................................................................. 20
4.2.2
ACCIDENT CONTAINMENT ........................................................................................................... 21
4.2.3
ESCAPE, TEMPORARY REFUGE AND EVACUATION.................................................................. 21
5.
SAFETY OF PROCESS AND UTILITY SYSTEMS ................................................................................... 23
5.1 PROCESS SAFETY SYSTEM ................................................................................................................. 23 5.2 RELIEF AND DEPRESSURING SYSTEMS ............................................................................................. 23 5.3 COLD VENT SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................. 24 5.4 DRAINAGE AND SPILL CONTAINMENT ................................................................................................ 24 5.4.1
HAZARDOUS DRAIN SYSTEM ...................................................................................................... 24
5.5 SHUTDOWN SYSTEMS .......................................................................................................................... 25
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HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION ................................................................................................. 26
6.1 DESIGNATION OF HAZARDOUS AREAS .............................................................................................. 26 6.2 ZONE DEFINITION .................................................................................................................................. 26 6.3 VENTILATION ......................................................................................................................................... 26 6.4 BATTERY ROOMS .................................................................................................................................. 27 6.5 SELECTION OF EXPLOSION PROTECTED EQUIPMENT ..................................................................... 27 6.6 SAFEGUARDING OF NON-HAZARDOUS AREAS ................................................................................. 27 7.
ESCAPE, TEMPORARY REFUGE AND PERSONNEL SAFETY ............................................................. 28
7.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................... 28 7.2 WELLHEAD PLATFORMS ...................................................................................................................... 28 7.3 ESCAPE ROUTES................................................................................................................................... 28 7.4 TEMPORARY REFUGE (TR) ................................................................................................................... 29 7.5 PERSONNEL SAFETY ............................................................................................................................ 30 7.5.1
STAIRS AND LADDERS ................................................................................................................. 30
7.5.2
GUARDRAILS AND TOE BOARDS ................................................................................................ 30
7.5.3
SAFETY SHOWERS AND EYEBATHS ........................................................................................... 30
7.5.4
FIREMAN’S EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................... 30
7.5.5
STRETCHERS ................................................................................................................................ 31
7.5.6
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................................. 31
7.5.7
NOISE ............................................................................................................................................. 31
7.5.8
THERMAL INSULATION AND PERSONNEL PROTECTION .......................................................... 31
7.5.9
MAINTENANCE OF SOUR SERVICE EQUIPMENT ........................................................................ 31
8.
SAFETY EQUIPMENT PHILOSOPHY ..................................................................................................... 32
9.
PASSIVE AND ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY................................................................... 33
9.1 PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION (PFP)....................................................................................................... 33 9.1.1
STRUCTURAL FIRE PROTECTION................................................................................................ 33
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9.1.2
FIREWALLS & DECKS ................................................................................................................... 34
9.1.3
BLAST PROTECTION..................................................................................................................... 34
9.1.4
RISER ESD VALVES ...................................................................................................................... 35
9.1.5
VESSELS ........................................................................................................................................ 35
9.2 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION ................................................................................................................... 35 9.2.1
FIRE ZONES ................................................................................................................................... 36
9.2.2
CONTROL OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT ................................................................................. 37
9.2.3
FIREWATER (DELUGE) SYSTEMS ................................................................................................ 37
9.2.4
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) FLOODING SYSTEM ............................................................................ 37
9.2.5
TWIN-AGENT SKID ........................................................................................................................ 38
9.2.6
WHEELED AND PORTABLE FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT .......................................................... 38
10. EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SYSTEM ..................................................................................................... 39 10.1 ESD PUSH BUTTONS ............................................................................................................................. 39 11. FIRE & GAS DETECTION AND PROTECTION SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY ................................................ 40 12. EMERGENCY SIGNS AND ALARM SYSTEM ......................................................................................... 41 12.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................... 41 12.2 ALARM SYSTEM – REMOTE WELLHEAD PLATFORMS....................................................................... 41 12.3 PLATFORM STATUS LIGHTS ................................................................................................................ 41 12.4 FLAMMABLE GAS DETECTION ALARM ............................................................................................... 42 12.5 H2S DETECTION ALARM ....................................................................................................................... 42 12.6 HYDROGEN (H2) DETECTION ALARM .................................................................................................. 43 12.7 FLAME DETECTION ALARM .................................................................................................................. 43 12.8 HEAT / THERMAL DETECTION ALARM ................................................................................................ 43 12.9 SMOKE DETECTION ALARM ................................................................................................................. 44 12.10
EMERGENCY AND SAFETY SIGNS / PLANS ................................................................................ 44
12.11
STATION BILL ................................................................................................................................ 45
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13. EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLY ............................................................................................................. 45 13.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 45 13.2 GENERAL SYSTEM LAYOUT ................................................................................................................. 45 13.3 CRITICAL AND SAFETY CONSUMERS ................................................................................................. 46 13.4 EMERGENCY DIESEL POWER GENERATOR ....................................................................................... 46 13.5 ESSENTIAL SWITCHBOARD ................................................................................................................. 46 13.6 UPS-SYSTEMS ....................................................................................................................................... 47 13.7 DC-SYSTEMS ......................................................................................................................................... 47 13.8 BATTERY ROOMS .................................................................................................................................. 47 13.9 EMERGENCY LIGHTING ........................................................................................................................ 48 13.10
SAFETY LIGHTING ......................................................................................................................... 48
14. NAVIGATIONAL AIDS............................................................................................................................. 48 14.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................... 48 14.2 OPTICAL NAVIGATION AIDS ................................................................................................................. 48 14.3 ACOUSTIC NAVIGATION AIDS .............................................................................................................. 49 14.4 AVIATION OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS........................................................................................................ 49 14.5 HELIDECK PERIMETER LIGHTING ........................................................................................................ 49 14.6 HELIDECK ILLUMINATION ..................................................................................................................... 49 14.7 HELICOPTER HAZARD WARNING LIGHT ............................................................................................. 49 15. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS ................................................................................................................ 50 16. HELICOPTER LANDING DECKS ............................................................................................................ 50 16.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................... 50 16.2 GENERAL LAYOUT ................................................................................................................................ 50 16.3 AVIATION RADIO SYSTEM AND BEACON ............................................................................................ 50 16.4 ILLUMINATION AND AVIATION OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS ..................................................................... 50 16.5 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION ................................................................................................................... 50
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16.6 HELICOPTER CRASH EQUIPMENT ....................................................................................................... 51 17. LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES ................................................................................................................... 51 17.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................... 51 17.2 LIFE-RAFTS ............................................................................................................................................ 52 17.3 LIFEBUOYS, LIFEJACKETS AND BUOYANCY AIDS ............................................................................ 52 17.4 ROPE LADDERS..................................................................................................................................... 52 17.5 EMERGENCY BREATHING APPARATUS FOR ESCAPE ...................................................................... 52 18. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND EFFLUENT HANDLING ........................................................... 53 18.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................... 53 18.2 SOLID WASTES ...................................................................................................................................... 53 18.3 LIQUID EFFLUENTS ............................................................................................................................... 53 18.4 GASEOUS EMISSIONS........................................................................................................................... 53 APPENDIX I: INHERENT SAFETY DESIGN CHECK LIST ............................................................................ 54 APPENDIX II: LIST OF SAFETY EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................... 55
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Hengam Field is located in the Persian Gulf at approximately 45 km south of Qeshm Island. Iranian Offshore Oil Company (IOOC) has awarded HENGAM offshore development EPCI project to Intelligent Solutions Inc. and Ocean development LLC. Joint Venture to perform Basic & Detailed Engineering, as well as procurement, fabrication, installation, pre-commissioning & commissioning for: •
Topside facilities of three offshore wellhead platforms
•
Infield pipe lines
•
Submarine composite Cable (Power, Control, Fiber optic) from offshore to onshore facilities.
1.2
DEFINITION
Wherever the word "shall" has been used, its meaning is to be understood as mandatory. Wherever the word "should" has been used, its meaning is to be understood as strongly recommended or advised. Wherever the wording "may be" has been used, its meaning is to be understood as a freedom of choice. The following words and expressions shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them except where the context of this document otherwise requires: •
"Company"
mean Iranian Offshore Oil Company (IOOC).
•
"EPCI Contractor"
means Company mentioned in the Contract as part of the "other part"
and includes its successors and permitted assignees. (ISI/ODCO) •
"Vendor"
means anyone who provides goods or services to a company. A
vendor often manufactures and/or sells their products to a customer. Whenever terms appear in this document as capitalized terms, they shall have the meaning ascribed to them here above.
1.3 • • • • • • •
ABBREVIATIONS FEED IOOC ISI ODCO AFFF ALARP BA
- Front End Engineering Design - Iranian Offshore Oil Company - Intelligent Solutions Incorporation - Ocean Development LLC - Aqueous Film Forming Foam - As Low as Reasonably Practicable - Breathing Apparatus
Hengam Offshore Development Project EPCI For Topsides and Infield Pipelines and Subsea Cables Contract No. 4405-90-2FG HSE PHILOSOPHY
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
BLEVE BOD BSI COD COMPANY CO2 E&I EPCI ESD ESDV ESP F&G GPA HSE HVAC H2S LCP LEL LTR NFPA ICSS IMO IR MAC MAE MCR NAI
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- Boiling Liquid Expansion Vapor Explosion - Biological Oxygen Demand - British Standards Institution - Chemical Oxygen Demand - Iranian Offshore Oil Company (IOOC) - Carbon Dioxide - Electrical and Instruments - Engineer, Procure, Construct and Install - Emergency Shut Down - Emergency Shut Down Valve - Electrical Submersible Pump - Fire and Gas - General Platform Alarm - Health and Safety Executive (UK) - Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning - Hydrogen Sulphide - Local Control Panel - Lower Explosive Limit - Local Technical Room - National Fire Protection Association - Integrated Control and Safety System - International Maritime Organisation - Infra Red - Manual Alarm Call point - Major Accident Events - Main Control Room - Normally Attended Installation
• NDB
- Non Directional Beacon
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
- Norwegian Petroleum Directorate - Non Return Valve - Normally Unattended Installation - Offshore Installation Manager - Public Address - Prepare to Abandon Platform Alarm - Passive Fire Protection - People on Board - Parts per million - Process Shut Down - Pressure Switch Low - Pressure Switch Low-Low - Process and Instrumentation Diagram - Pressure Safety Valve - Wellhead platforms WHP1, WHP2 & WHP3 - Simultaneous Operations - Safety of Life at Sea
NPD NRV NUI OIM PA PAPA PFP POB ppm PSD PSL PSLL P&ID PSV Platforms SIMOPS SOLAS
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• • • • •
TEMPSC TR UKOOA UPS UV
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- Totally Enclosed Motor Propelled Survival Craft - Temporary Refuge - United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association - Uninterruptible Power Supply - Ultra Violet
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2. SCOPE OF WORK 2.1
GENERAL
Safety shall be of prime importance in the design of all systems associated with the Hengam Development Project. This document provides the general design philosophy of safety and loss prevention systems and their interface with other disciplines. The basis of the design shall provide protection in accordance with the following priorities:
Health and Safety of Personnel The installation shall be as safe as reasonably practicable and have a low probability of loss of human life or injury. To meet this requirement, the ALARP principle shall be applied to the design.
Conservation of the Environment The risk of environmental pollution shall be reduced to the lowest practicable level. To meet this requirement, environmental standards shall be adhered to.
Protection of Capital Investment The capital investment shall be adequately protected.
2.2
CODES, STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES
The HSE Philosophy document refers to the following Codes, Standards, and Recommended Practices as the basis of its content.
2.2.1 REFERENCES FOR HSE PHILOSOPHY To ensure inherent safety in the platform design, which ever applicable, the design of the platform shall be as per the following International Codes and Standards:
American Petroleum Institute (API) API RP2L
Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing Heliports for Fixed Offshore Platforms.
API RP 14 C
Recommended Practice for Analysis, Design, Installation and Testing of Basic Surface Systems for Offshore Production Platforms.
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API RP 14 G
Recommended Practice for Fire Protection and Control on Open Type Offshore Production Platforms
API RP 14J
Recommended Practice for Design and Hazards Analysis for Offshore Production Facilities
API RP 55
Recommended Practices for Oil and Gas Producing and Gas Processing Plant Operations Involving Hydrogen Sulphide.
API RP 520
Design and Installation of Pressure Relieving Systems in Refineries
API RP 521
Guide for Pressure Relieving and Depressuring Systems
API 2030
Application of Fixed Water Spray Systems for Fire Protection in the Petroleum Industry International Electrical Commission (IEC)
IEC-60079
Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres
IEC-60331
Fire Resisting Characteristics of Electric Cables
IEC-60332/3
Tests on Electric Cables Under Fire Conditions
IEC-61508
Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/ Programmable Electronic Safety Systems International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA)
IALA O-114
Recommendations for Marking of Offshore Structures National Fire Protection Association Codes (NFPA)
NFPA 10
Portable Fire Extinguishers
NFPA 11
Low Expansion Foam and Combined Agent Systems
NFPA 12
Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems
NFPA 15
Water Spray Fixed Systems
NFPA 30
Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
NFPA 72
National Fire Alarm Code
NFPA 80
Standards for Fire Doors and Fire Windows
NFPA 418
Roof-Top Heliport Construction and Protection
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NFPA 2001 NFPA 101
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Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems Life Safety Code
International Maritime Organization (IMO) SOLAS
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, Consolidated Edition, 1992 British Standards Institute (BS)
BS 5839 Part 1
Fire Detection and Alarm in Buildings, Code of Practice for Safety Design, Installation and Servicing
BS 5378 Parts 1 & 3
Safety Signs and Colours
BS 5499 Part 1
Fire Safety Signs, Notices & Graphic Symbols
United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association (UKOOA) Guidelines for Safety Related Telecommunications Systems On Normally Attended Fixed Offshore Installations Guidelines for Safety Related Telecommunications Systems On Normally Unattended Fixed Offshore Installations Kuwait Protocol Kuwait Protocol
Protocol Concerning Marine Pollution resulting from Exploration and Exploitation of the Continental Shelf. International Standards Organisation (ISO)
ISO 13702
Control and Mitigation of Fires and Explosions on Offshore Petroleum Installations.
IP 15
Area classification code for installations Handling flammable fluids
CAP 437
Offshore Helicopter Landing Areas - Guidance on Standards
Other international codes and standards such as DNV would be referred to where applicable.
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2.2.2 ASSOCIATED PROJECT DOCUMENTS For detailed description of other systems, reference should be made to relevant discipline documentation and project documents referenced in this Philosophy. These include:
HEN-0000-PR-DB-0001
Process Basis of Design
HEN-0000-EL-DB-0001
Electrical Basis of Design
HEN-0000-PI-DB-0001
Piping Design Basis
HEN-0000-IN-DB-0001
Instrument Design Criteria
HEN-0000-TE-DB-0001
Telecommunication Basis Of Design
HEN-0000-ME-DB-0001
Mechanical Equipment Design Criteria
HEN-0000-ST-DB-0001
Structural Design Basis
HEN-0000-HV-DB-0001
Design Basis Of HVAC System
HEN-PL-PL-DB-0001
Design Basis For Pipeline Systems
HEN-0000-PR-PH-0003
Shutdown Philosophy
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3. SAFETY CONCEPT The safety concept provides descriptions on inherent safety features to be provided in the design of the facilities.
Generally, the unmanned wellhead platforms (WHP1, WHP2 and WHP3) will be designed with safety features / systems to provide a certain measure of protection for the personnel against accidents like fire and gas leak.
The design of the safety system for the platforms is based on only one major accident event (MAE) occurring at only one time, i.e. a double jeopardy is not considered.
In the case of major hazard conditions which are caused by the combination of unlikely circumstances occurring simultaneously, the burnt down philosophy is adopted for the platforms.
The design objectives of the protection (safety) systems are to localize and control any MAE (i.e. to contain and minimize the effects of the hazards) and, when necessary, evacuate progressively the areas of the platform and finally assuring a safe escape.
The offshore safety concept as provided hereunder is applicable for WHP1, WHP2 and WHP3 platforms and it covers two (2) major areas as follows:
1. Safety Design of Platforms 2. Safety Systems for the Platforms
3.1
SAFETY DESIGN OF PLATFORMS
To satisfy safety requirement, the following safety features will be considered in the design of platforms:
1) The hazardous areas will be segregated from the non-hazardous areas so that major hazards are separated from other / safer areas. This is achieved by installing fire resistant bulkheads / firewall, segregating the equipment / area as far as possible in the extremities of the platform and decks (on different decks), or a combination of both. Hazardous areas comprise the following: a. Wellheads b. Production and test manifolds
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Test Separator
d. Launcher Scrapper Trap e. Closed drain system f.
Hazardous open drain system
g. Chemical Injection System h. Emergency diesel generator Non-hazardous (safer) areas comprise the following: a. Local Technical room b. Battery room c.
Transformer
d. Wellhead Control Unit (Safety Cabinet)
2) Equipment will be arranged in such a way that will allow maximum natural ventilation and/or proper mechanical ventilation of any area in order to minimize potential overpressure / gas accumulation. Prevailing wind direction would be considered to achieve this;
3) Helideck design will be designed considering its Safe Landing Area (SLA), Dropped Zone, perimeter lighting and others;
4) Hazardous Area Schedule and Classification will be developed to identify the classification of electrical and instrumentation equipment to be installed within the hazardous and nonhazardous areas;
5) Acceptable means of escape will be provided to allow safe escape of personnel during emergency. This includes provision of escape routes, safety/emergency lighting, life rafts and other lifesaving appliances; 6) The integrity of the primary structures and support equipment will be provided so as to be independent of the protection system activation;
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Redundant safety measures / systems would be considered to avoid any threat / potential hazards identified so that only the failure of both systems could cause a potential MAE;
3.2
SAFETY SYSTEMS FOR THE PLATFORMS
The following safety systems will be considered to satisfy safety requirement of platforms:
1) Integrated Control and Safety (protection) system (ICSS) comprising process control system and F&G alarm system will be provided to prevent the escape of hazardous products and isolate potential ignition source (to give an immediate warning) by automatic emergency process and production shut-down (to start ESD/PSD actions);
2) Detection system will be provided to detect any escape of hazardous products in a prompt and efficient manner, using an integrated detection and alarm system in order to monitor the gas accumulation;
3) Fire extinguishing systems (e.g. portable fire extinguishers) will be provided to bring under control and/or extinguish any moderate fire to avoid its escalation;
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4. SAFETY OBJECTIVES 4.1
GENERAL
Within the limits of ALARP, the Project Safety Objectives are: To engineer a safe, reliable and operable facility in compliance with the offshore safety concept at a minimum cost through a simple and effective design. To ensure, throughout all stages of design, that the facility meets the latest International safety and environmental codes and standards, using the most cost effective measures available . In achieving the above design objectives, the priorities shall be:
-
Health and safety of personnel
-
Conservation of the environment
-
Protection of capital investment
The approach to achieving these subjects is by the implementation of the following (in order of preference): Inherent Safety/Prevention Control Mitigation
Inherent Safety/Prevention The primary safety intent of the platform design shall be to ensure that any undesirable or hazardous events do not arise. Appendix I, of this philosophy, provides a check list to verify that Inherent Safety principles have been applied.
Control However, should hazardous events occur, they should be promptly detected and acted upon automatically (e.g. by the Fire and Gas System and Emergency Shutdown System) with the aim of reducing the risk to personnel and the environment and minimising the damage to equipment, plant and structures.
Mitigation The consequences of an accidental hazardous event may be in the form of thermal radiation, overpressure or release of toxic chemicals in liquid or gaseous form. The evaluation of the required safety measures shall be based mainly upon the extent of its consequential effects. The probability of an accidental event occurring may be taken into account for very rare events.
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DESIGN OBJECTIVE
To priorities the aim of protection of personnel, the platform design shall ensure that the following conditions are fulfilled: 4.2.1
ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND MITIGATION
Operation of Systems and Facilities Where incorrect or inappropriate operation of systems or facilities on the installation can increase the risk of accident or injury to personnel, then suitable design measures shall be included to avoid these occurrences. The design measures include the installation of the following:
a) An interlock system for opening of the launcher closure b) Detectors for flame and hydrocarbon / toxic gas leak c) Fire extinguishing system such as gas suppression system and provision of portable extinguishers to avoid escalation of fire hazards d) Appropriate size of relief systems to avoid system overpressure e) Cold vent tip at the safe location and height to avoid dispersion of hydrocarbon and toxic gas towards the platform. f)
Minimal use of flanges to avoid toxic (H2S) and hydrocarbon gas leak
In addition to the above, Appendix I of this philosophy may be used as a check list to verify that Inherent Safety principles have been applied in the design of the platform.
Explosion Prevention and Mitigation Measures Measures shall be taken in the design and layout of the installation to ensure the following: •
Overpressures are minimised by following the guidelines in ISO 13702
•
Provision of natural ventilation in areas where gas can accumulate
•
Overpressures from explosions are freely vented
•
Activation of a firewater system (fixed water spray) upon confirmed fire (when supply firewater is available from rig or boat)
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Active Emergency Systems The following systems shall be provided to reduce the probability of accident event: •
Gas detectors for hydrocarbon gas (explosive gas), hydrogen (in the battery room) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) (toxic gas)
•
Heat detectors
•
Flame detectors
•
Smoke detectors
•
Portable gas detectors (for hydrocarbon gas and H2S)
The confirmed detection of fire or gas leak shall give a sounding alarm to alert the personnel on board and in the respective LTR of wellhead platforms. Emergency Shutdown (ESD) systems shall be provided for safeguarding of process systems at four levels as detailed in Section 10 of this document. The emergency systems shall activate the Fire and Gas protection systems as appropriate when fire or gas detection is confirmed. 4.2.2
ACCIDENT CONTAINMENT
Risks to Personnel The consequences of an accidental hazardous event shall not cause injury to personnel outside the immediate vicinity of the incident or expose those personnel in non hazardous areas to risks which are likely to cause injury or impair escape or evacuation provisions.
Fire Protection Measures Measures shall be taken to minimise the total flammable inventory on the installation at any time to avoid potential escalation. Measures such as sectionalisation and blow down shall be provided to minimise the quantity of flammable substances available which may fuel a fire in each area. Measures shall also be taken to prevent fires from spreading to the escape routes, TR and evacuation facilities. Maximum use of drainage in the process areas shall be provided to prevent the formation of liquid pools. 4.2.3
ESCAPE, TEMPORARY REFUGE AND EVACUATION
Escape Routes Following a hazardous event, escape routes from any area shall remain passable for long enough to allow personnel to escape the affected area and reach a place of safety without exposure to further risk. Allowance shall be made for escape or rescue of injured personnel.
Temporary Refuge
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A Temporary Refuge (TR) shall be provided on the platform to protect the personnel from the consequences of an accidental event for an appropriate period of time (the specified endurance period). The Local Technical Room (LTR) as provided for each wellhead platform will be designated as the TR for the platform. Whilst inside the TR, the personnel shall have the means to monitor and control the emergency systems and communicate with the personnel internally and rescue services. Emergency systems shall be designed to operate during and after an accident event.
Evacuation Provisions Without external assistance, the platform will be provided with some redundant systems to allow personnel to evacuate safely from the TR at any time during the specified endurance period of the TR. The systems include the safe evacuation via the use of life rafts or life buoys. If the weather permits the safe use of helicopter and access to the helideck is available during the incident, helicopter could be used as an alternative means for safe evacuation. However, helicopter may not be available all the time or during drilling.
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5. SAFETY OF PROCESS AND UTILITY SYSTEMS 5.1
PROCESS SAFETY SYSTEM
The scope of the process safety system is:
•
to prevent undesirable events that could develop into situations which could cause risk to personnel or equipment
•
to shut down the process section where upset conditions are detected
•
to prevent an escalation of upset conditions
The process safety system will be provided with two independent levels of protection against a single malfunction or fault in the process equipment and piping system including their controls, in accordance with API RP 14C. A single manual operating error will also be taken into consideration. The two levels of protection will in general be independent of, and in addition to, the control devices used in normal process operation and, as a general rule, provided by functionally different types of safety devices, in order to prevent common mode failures. Safety devices will be of a failsafe nature. In general the primary protection will be arranged such that the second line of defence (e.g. a pressure safety valve) is not activated as long as the first system properly operates.
5.2
RELIEF AND DEPRESSURING SYSTEMS
The design philosophy of the Relief and Depressuring systems shall be such as to:•
Provide two independent safety devices (on all pressure circuits) for protection from overpressure caused by a single process fault, in accordance with API RP 14C; the primary device shall be a switch or a transmitter, the secondary device shall be a safety valve, a rupture disc or an equivalent device;
•
Provide
a
PSV
on
all
pressure
vessel
systems
that
can
be
shut
in
during
external fire. In general, the PSV is to be designed for the worst overpressure condition,
fire
or
process
(e.g.
blocked
discharge,
gas
blow-by,
tube
rupture)
whichever is greater. For WHP1, WHP2 and WHP3 facilities, the wellhead flow lines, production and test manifolds, Launchers, Receivers, Test Separators and Risers are designed for 413.7 barg (6000 psig) that corresponds to wellhead shut-in tubing pressure (SITP) to prevent over pressurisation of the
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topside piping in the event of sudden pipeline isolation. Therefore full flow relief facilities are not required on the wellhead. Pressure relief will be provided on the Test Separators, Launchers and Receivers due to external fire (or fire case) only. •
5.3
Provide a PSV for thermal relief for significant isolated hydrocarbon inventory in piping
COLD VENT SYSTEM
The cold vent system is required to safely dispose of hydrocarbons from process equipment. The vent will be installed in a safe area and equipped with an anti spark and a flame arrestor as minimum.
5.4
DRAINAGE AND SPILL CONTAINMENT
Drip trays will be provided under pumps to contain any spillage of toxic (including chemicals) or flammable / combustible liquid. In general, tanks having a significant liquid hydrocarbon and chemical inventory will be bunded. Bunds will be drained to the hazardous open drain system.
Transit of spills from one fire zone to another, either across a deck or through the drainage system will be prevented. Particular attention will be paid to avoid backflow through the drainage system.
Drainage facilities will be arranged to handle specific categories of effluent.
A closed drainage system will collect liquid effluents from depressurised process equipment. Oily water from potentially oil-contaminated areas will be routed to the hazardous open drain system. Complete segregation will be provided on the platform between the hazardous and non-hazardous systems as follow. 5.4.1
HAZARDOUS DRAIN SYSTEM
Hazardous Drain System comprises: •
Closed Drain System
•
Open Drain System.
Closed Drain System collects liquid effluents from depressurised process systems (in the hazardous / process area) including flow-lines, production and test manifolds, Test Separators, and Pig Launchers and receivers. The drainage from these systems is routed to a Closed Drain Vessel where any vapour will be separated from the liquid. The vapour will be vented at the safe location (via cold vent tip). The liquid will be accumulated and transferred back to the production header. During maintenance / platform shutdown, the liquid (probably with sand) in the Closed Drain Vessel will be drained to tote tanks / boat.
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Open Drain System collects liquid effluents from atmospheric process systems (in the hazardous / chemical / process area) including chemical tanks, drip pans and bunded area drains and routes them to the Hazardous Open Drain Tank. The collected liquid will be transferred with a pump to the Closed Drain Vessel.
Rainwater collected in the hazardous / non-hazardous / helideck areas will be routed to overboard. Deluge water (firewater during drilling) will also be routed to overboard.
5.5
SHUTDOWN SYSTEMS
Shutdown and blow-down systems are provided to limit the extent of detected hazards. These systems are arranged for automatic operation with manual actuation also being available. Automatic actuation is initiated either by detection of process system excursions or by fire or gas detection.
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6. HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION 6.1
DESIGNATION OF HAZARDOUS AREAS
The hazardous areas are selected in accordance to the IP (Institute or Petroleum) Part 15 "Area Classification Code for Petroleum Installation".
A hazardous area is defined as a three dimensional space in which a flammable atmosphere may be expected to be present at frequencies as to require special precautions for the construction and use of electrical apparatus.
Hazardous area classification drawings will be provided based on arrangement drawings (equipment layout drawings) and the possible sources of release identified therein. The hazardous area classification drawings will be read with the Hazardous Area Schedule which will list all sources of release and define their characteristics.
6.2
ZONE DEFINITION
The platform areas are classified in accordance with the following zones as per IP Part 15:
Zone 0: That part of a hazardous area in which a flammable atmosphere is continuously present or present for long periods. Zone 1: That part of a hazardous area in which flammable atmosphere is likely to occur in normal operation. Zone 2: That part of a hazardous area in which a flammable atmosphere is not likely to occur in normal operation and, if it occurs, will exist only for a short period.
The gases present on the platforms are hydrocarbon gases (gas group IIA), hydrogen sulfide (gas group IIB), and hydrogen (in the Battery Room, gas group IIC). The governing gas group for the platforms is gas group IIB. Maximum allowable surface temperature for the platforms applicable to electrical or instrument equipment is 200 degree Celsius which is T3 temperature class. Electrical equipment located in non-classified / non-hazardous areas shall be suitable to Zone 2 area as minimum. The installation of electrical equipment in hazardous areas will comply with IEC 60079-4.
6.3
VENTILATION
The platform ventilation system design will maximise the use of natural ventilation in all open areas. Ventilated areas of the facilities will be either naturally ventilated partially open areas or mechanically ventilated / pressurized / cooled closed areas.
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BATTERY ROOMS
Battery rooms need special consideration and have to meet particular requirements as identified in IP Part 15. Electrical / instrument equipment installed inside will be certified Ex-protected (i.e. suitable for installation in hazardous area containing hydrogen gas) to meet the requirements of hydrogen generation. Separate extract ventilation to maintain positive pressure against the surroundings will be installed. Furthermore shunt trip and interfacing facilities with F&G system shall be provided by electrical discipline for battery room main incommer feeder circuit breaker in order to make power-off by activation of hydrogen detection in 2% concentration level alarm.
6.5
SELECTION OF EXPLOSION PROTECTED EQUIPMENT
Whenever possible, equipment which might form a source of ignition should not be located in hazardous areas. Where this is impossible, equipment will be selected so that it is suitable with regard to temperature class and gas group of the potential hazard. Special consideration will be given to the surface temperatures of mechanical equipment. Electrical equipment for operation in hazardous areas will be certified Ex-protected by a recognised international certification agency. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that all equipment which might form a source of ignition, even if located in a non-hazardous open area, is shutdown in case of a major or catastrophic hazardous event. Consequently, equipment which is to be kept in operation for safety purposes under emergency conditions will, where possible, be suitably Ex-protected and certified. It is to be noted that though the selection and extent of hazardous areas are based on IP Part 15, equipment will be certified in accordance with IEC codes as stated earlier in section 6.2.
6.6
SAFEGUARDING OF NON-HAZARDOUS AREAS
Enclosed non-Hazardous Areas will be segregated from neighboring hazardous areas by gas-tight walls and decks. Exits from rooms to hazardous areas, where not avoidable, will be through airlocks. Positive pressure against the hazardous area will be maintained by the HVAC system and this will not change the classification of the area. HVAC Air intakes will be located in non-hazardous areas on the prevailing wind side of any potential gas leak sources and at least one (1) meter from the edge of the hazardous area. HVAC Mechanical ventilation intakes and exhausts will be separated by a minimum distance of 4.5 meters. In general, gas detectors will be provided on all HVAC inlets to mechanically ventilated areas and in air locks which are located in hazardous areas. The LTR will be located in the non-hazardous area.
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The extent of the hazardous areas will be indicated on the Hazardous Area Classification drawings. Particular attention will be paid to the extent during drilling, work-over and simultaneous operations.
7. ESCAPE, TEMPORARY REFUGE AND PERSONNEL SAFETY 7.1
GENERAL
This section covers the requirements for all measures to be taken to enable safe boarding, escape and evacuation of personnel to and from the platform complexes. Planned access and escape to and from the platform complex will be by boat (supply vessel or lifeboat) or helicopter. For helicopter related safety design criteria, refer to the dedicated section in this document. The preferred means of evacuation is via the boat landing station to the standby vessel.
7.2
WELLHEAD PLATFORMS
Personnel will normally go to the remote wellhead platforms by boat. It is assumed that the boat will remain at the platform throughout the visit. The preferred means of evacuation will be down the access stairs to the waiting boat. Personnel will carry onto the wellhead platforms personal lifejackets, toxic gas monitors and Escape BA sets. The maximum POB is expected to be eight (8). To cater for an emergency evacuation when the boat is not available, it is proposed to provide life rafts on the wellhead platform. Details of life rafts are provided in the dedicated section in this document. The TR provided on the remote wellhead platforms will be a place where personnel can carry out the following tasks before evacuating by boat or life raft: •
initiate a platform emergency shutdown (ESD)
•
communicate with the onshore control room
•
don lifejackets / BA sets
The TR will also serve as an emergency overnight accommodation when it is not possible to return to the onshore facilities.
7.3
ESCAPE ROUTES
All areas of the platform complex likely to be frequently manned will be provided with readily accessible and unobstructed escape routes, leading to a Temporary Refuge, embarkation area for evacuation by life rafts, helicopter or down to sea level. Main escape routes will as a minimum have clear headroom of 2200 mm and a width of 1200 mm. Escape/access routes leading to main escape routes (secondary escape routes) will have clear headroom of 2200 mm and a width of 800 mm.
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Escape routes will be arranged so that from every point of the installation, escape is possible in two directions. Dead ends will not exceed 5 meters in length. At bridge levels, if any, a clear main escape route will be provided. All escape routes on plated decks will be painted with a non-slip finish and marked with arrows pointing to the safe area. They will be sufficiently illuminated by safety lighting and marked at low level with photo-luminescent strips or arrows to assist escape through smoke filled areas. At least one escape route from any area will remain passable for long enough to allow personnel to reach the TR. Allowance will be made for escape or rescue of injured personnel. In general, external escape routes will not be protected from fire and blast effects by enclosures. Doors will have a minimum width of 950 mm and a minimum height of 2050 mm. They will open in direction of escape, wherever possible. In determining the direction of door opening and escape routes, due consideration will be given to the likely traffic flow direction and number of personnel in an emergency. Provision of escape direction signs will also be located in light of these considerations. No locking facilities will be provided for doors along escape routes. Dimensioning of escape routes, with particular regard to stairways and stairway landings, will take into consideration transit of stretchers and persons wearing breathing apparatus. Escape routes will be clear of any vent from hazardous areas. Vertical ladders will be considered as secondary escape routes from areas which are normally unmanned or attended infrequently.
7.4
TEMPORARY REFUGE (TR)
The Local Technical Room (LTR) as provided for each wellhead platform (WHP1, WHP2 and WHP3) will be designated as the TR for the platform.
TR will be provided as a protection for all personnel from the consequences of a major accident. It will be provided to meet the following requirements: •
Whilst inside the TR, the personnel will be protected against the external threat or hazards
•
The TR will keep the essential control and communication facilities functioning under emergency conditions for the specified endurance period.
•
The TR will be suitably protected against fire, explosion overpressures and smoke/gas ingress
The integrity of the TR will be sufficient to enable: •
The raising of the platform general alarm;
•
Personnel from other parts of the installation to reach TR;
•
Evaluation of the emergency by the emergency response team;
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External emergency rescue service to be summoned and effect orderly evacuation of all personnel for installation abandonment.
The duration of the TR integrity will be as per required endurance time of one (1) hour. The integrity of the TR includes maintaining adequate air quality for personnel, temperatures not excessive for personnel or reliable operation of electronic equipment and sufficient lighting to perform all emergency functions under all conditions. The TR will be equipped with specified facilities for the monitoring and control of an emergency (e.g. F&G and ESD interfaces) together with an internal muster area. Escape routes from the TR to the boat landings, life rafts and helideck will be provided. On confirmed gas (hydrocarbon or toxic) or smoke detection in any ventilation inlet to the TR, ventilation fans will be stopped and fire dampers shut automatically, isolating both inlet and outlet ducts.
7.5
PERSONNEL SAFETY
7.5.1
STAIRS AND LADDERS
Stairs or steps will be provided for height changes of more than 300 mm. They will be provided with non-slip surfaces. Fixed vertical ladders will have a width of at least 450 mm and will be equipped with safety cages. Unobstructed depth behind rungs will be 150 mm, and rung distance will be between 230 mm and 300 mm, evenly spaced. Continuous ladder height will not exceed 9 meters without landing. Ladder landings will be offset to limit length of fall. 7.5.2
GUARDRAILS AND TOE BOARDS
Guardrails of 1250 mm minimum height external and 1100 minimum height internal with 1500 mm maximum stanchion separation will be provided where a drop of more than 800 mm occurs at the edge of a deck or walkway. Toe boards will also be provided. 7.5.3
SAFETY SHOWERS AND EYEBATHS
Safety showers with eye baths will be provided in process areas where personnel might come into contact with hazardous chemicals. Eye wash bottles will be provided in the battery rooms. 7.5.4
FIREMAN’S EQUIPMENT
Firemen’s Equipment Cabinets will be provided on each wellhead platform. The following are the contents for each cabinet:
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•
Fireman’s type axe with insulated handle (2 nos.)
•
Portable safety lamp with 3-hour capacity (2 nos.) with rechargeable batteries and one charger, all suitable for use in Zone 1 hazardous area, gas groups IIB, Temperature class T3
•
Crowbar - 1066 mm (3’6”) (2 nos.)
•
Safety harness - c/w serrated snap hook - to be fire proof (2 nos.)
•
Lifeline to be 30 meters in length and manufactured from copper or galvanised steel wire rope having a breaking strain of at least 500 kg and overlaid to at least 32 millimeters in circumference by hemp or other similar covering (2 sets)
•
Fireman’s suit, including gloves, booths, helmet and visor (2 sets)
•
Positive pressure breathing apparatus - 1200 liters per cylinder.
•
Spare cylinders for breathing apparatus (200% per set)
All equipment supplied will be of a robust construction and of a type approved for use on offshore platforms. An additional four self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) will be housed to be used for rescued personnel who may have to be conveyed through regions containing H2S. 7.5.5
STRETCHERS
“Paraguard” type stretchers or equivalent will be provided for the platforms. Refer to Appendix II of this document for its quantity. 7.5.6
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT
First Aid Boxes will be located in the LTR. Refer to Appendix II of this document for its quantity. 7.5.7
NOISE
The noise control requirements for Hengam platforms will be considered as per referred standards. 7.5.8
THERMAL INSULATION AND PERSONNEL PROTECTION
For the protection of personnel, all surfaces heated to temperatures above 70 degree Celsius, within 2200 mm vertically and 1000 mm horizontally of walkways or elsewhere, which could be touched in the course of normal operating duties, will be insulated or guarded. Surfaces in cold service that are at a temperature of minus 10 degree Celsius or below and in such locations as noted above will also be insulated or guarded. 7.5.9
MAINTENANCE OF SOUR SERVICE EQUIPMENT
To allow safe maintenance of equipment in sour service, breathing apparatus (BA) will be required to be worn for extended periods of time. To facilitate this type of maintenance, BA masks and hose lines
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supplied from an air storage system will be provided. The air storage system will be sufficiently portable to allow it to be moved to the vicinity of the work activity. BA sets will also be provided for use by maintenance/supervisory personnel for short duration activities. Refer to Appendix II of this document for quantity of BA to be provided for each platform.
8. SAFETY EQUIPMENT PHILOSOPHY For health and safety of personnel, wellhead platforms Platform will be provided with safety equipment for use by personnel on the platforms. Safety equipment for the platforms may comprise lifesaving appliances and fire extinguishers. Their quantity and locations are as listed in Appendix II of this document. In addition to the list in Appendix II, personnel visiting the platforms and engaging themselves in operations / maintenance work must be equipped with the following safety equipment (when / where applicable): •
Safety Helmets / Hard Hats
•
Protective clothing (eye protectors / goggles, ear defenders, welding masks, welding aprons, gloves, overalls, safety boots)
The above equipment will reduce the probability of personnel from being exposed to risk of injury. The safety equipment must be kept clean and in a good state of repair and condition, and be readily available for use when required by responsible personnel.
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9. PASSIVE AND ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY 9.1
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION (PFP)
The main objective of PFP provision for the platforms is to meet the endurance time required for the personnel to escape and evacuate the platforms after mustering (and doing some process control / shutdown / communication) in the LTR. Passive fire protection (PFP) shall be applied to critical structures, boundaries, vessels and equipment based on Fire and Explosion Protection study findings on credible fire scenarios. This is to provide protection of capital investment to some extent. Passive fire protection will ensure that relevant structures or equipment and their components have adequate fire resistance, with regard to load bearing properties, integrity and insulation properties, and thus the consequences of fire are reduced as far as possible. As for the wellhead platforms, PFP / firewall will be provided to meet the following objectives: •
To segregate the hazardous areas from the non-hazardous areas
•
To keep the integrity of TR / LTR (also for safety of personnel in the TR), battery room and wellhead control system so that they last for the required endurance time
The adequacy of provided passive fire protection shall be verified and confirmed in the Fire and Explosion Protection Study. 9.1.1
STRUCTURAL FIRE PROTECTION
The following load bearing structures shall be reviewed for structural fire protection / integrity as part of the Fire and Explosion Protection Study: •
primary members in fire risk areas where exposures to fire could rapidly cause collapse of the installation
•
secondary members in fire risk areas where exposure to fire could cause an escalation of the incident;
Where required the following protection methods can be considered: •
For non-hazardous areas; thermal insulation by applying materials with low thermal conductivity (mineral or glass wool) materials. No asbestos will be applied;
•
For hazardous areas; thermal insulation, which either expands or sublimates if subjected to heat (e.g. intumescent paint, ablative coating).
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FIREWALLS & DECKS
Fire rated walls and decks will be provided where necessary to prevent the passage from heat, flame, smoke and gas for a period sufficient to:•
enable safe escape and evacuation of personnel;
•
provide Temporary Refuge for personnel;
•
ensure integrity of equipment to be operated in emergencies;
•
enable containment, control, and fighting of a fire;
Fire walls will be rated in accordance with categories A, B, (as per SOLAS requirements), H, (as per the “Mobil” or NPD procedures) or J (in accordance with the recommendations of the UK HSE’s document OTI 95 634). Doors in fire rated boundaries will have the same rating as the boundary and will be self closing. Fire doors on major traffic routes may be fitted with magnetic hold open devices so arranged to allow the door to close upon the detection of fire. This will avoid temporary and unsuitable hold open devices being used. Any passage of pipe-work cables or ducting through firewalls will be made by suitable means such that the fire wall rating is maintained. The findings of the Fire and Explosion Protection Study shall confirm the adequacy of the following wall/deck fire rating. Platforms
Protected room / area
WHP1/ WHP2/WHP3
Walls between non-hazardous areas comprising LTR / battery room / wellhead control system and hazardous areas comprising chemical and process areas (wells/manifolds, launcher, receivers, etc.) LTR, battery room, wellhead control system (Inside walls)
9.1.3
Rating H60
A60
BLAST PROTECTION
Estimates of blast overpressure shall be developed in the Fire and Explosion Protection Study for the platforms. The equipment location and layout in process and wellhead areas shall allow shock deflagrations to be relieved to open spaces with minimum obstruction. Overpressures will be minimized by following the guidelines in ISO 13702 or equivalent guidelines. In addition, the layout will be arranged so that the risk of damage to primary structural members and escape routes is as low as possible. Consideration of the effect of projectiles will be given to protect essential pipe and cable routes.
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Load bearing structures in hazardous areas will be designed such that they do not collapse in the event of a blast. Supports for equipment / vessels / major piping whose failure could lead to escalation will be designed suitable for the explosive load. Major safety equipment such as pipeline riser valves will be suitably protected against blast and projectiles by sheltered location, blast walls, strengthened supports or other suitable methods. 9.1.4
RISER ESD VALVES
Passive fire protection shall be evaluated for all riser ESD valves, exposed outboard sections of risers and ESDV actuators in the Fire and Explosion Protection Study. Suitable materials for jet fire protection include spray applied epoxy intumescent mastic, flexible mattress “soft wrap” systems and purpose built fire protection enclosures. 9.1.5
VESSELS
Primary protection of pressure vessels from fire is by depressurization / blow down (API RP 521). This will avoid escalations of BLEVE. During drilling (when firewater is available from the rig), fixed water spray may be used to avoid BLEVE by cooling down the vessels. Depressurization may be delayed or executed if cooling with water spray is not successful.
9.2
ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
The main objectives of providing active fire protection systems for the platforms are to: •
Contain / reduce the effects of smoke and radiation
•
Provide cooling (when firewater is available)
•
Extinguish moderate fire as appropriate
For safety of personnel, active fire protection systems provided for offshore platforms are not designed to fight / extinguish escalated fire. During such MAE, personnel are required to muster in the LTR and evacuate / abandon the platforms. Active fire protection systems and equipment will be provided for the platforms that have a significant hydrocarbon inventory and/or that are regularly manned. Active fire protection systems for the platforms comprise the following: •
Firewater system
For the wellhead platform, which is not normally manned, a dry pipe deluge system will be provided to give protection (to provide cooling water spray) to the wellheads and the manifolds. This dry pipe system will be connected to the jack-up rigs firewater system when the rig is on station. Operation of the system will be done manually or automatically from the jack-up rig. Also, this dry pipe system will be
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connection
(at
the
boat
landing)
for
firewater
supply
from
the
boat.
No manually operated firewater appliances such as hose-reels, hydrants or monitors will be provided. •
Gaseous system
Gaseous system provided for the platforms consists of total Flooding system for the LTR. •
Twin Agent skid
Twin-Agent skid comprising foam (AFFF) and dry chemical will be provided for the Helideck. •
Wheeled and Portable fire extinguishers
Wheeled extinguisher system will be provided for CO2 (22 kg) and dry chemical powder (45 kg). Portable extinguisher system will be provided for CO2 (5 kg) and dry chemical powder (12 kg). Appendix II of this document provides the quantity and locations of the wheeled and portable fire extinguishers on the platforms. 9.2.1
FIRE ZONES
A fire zone is defined as an area where fire shall be contained by means of fire walls, decks, bulk heads or open side to the sea. Fire zoning allows a clear indication of the location of an incident to be received in the control room so that suitable emergency response can be planned. The platforms will be subdivided into fire zones as follows: Fire Zones 1 2
3
WHP1 / WHP2 and WHP3 Areas Helideck / Main Deck
Fire Extinguishing Capabilities As per Appendix II
Hazardous (Process) Areas on Mezzanine, Cellar Decks and boat landing Non-Hazardous areas (LTR, battery room, WHSC, transformer)
Deluge system and as per Appendix II
As per Appendix II
Each fire zone shall be suitably equipped (where appropriate) with means for fire and gas detection and fire fighting. Calculation of firewater demand / deluge quantities will be based on the Fire Zones above and will be provided in the Firewater Demand Report. Means of fire fighting will be designed and the capacities will be calculated based on the defined designated fire zones and in accordance with the relevant NFPA codes.
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CONTROL OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT
Control of the fixed fire fighting systems will be as follow:
Fire Fighting Systems
Locations
Control
Twin Agent system (hose reel)
Helideck
Local & manual upon helicopter accident on the Helideck
Deluge system
Mezzanine, Cellar, Closed Drain decks
Local & manual on the jack-up rig (upon confirmed fire alarm from F&G system) and Manual supply of firewater from a standby supply boat (upon confirmed fire alarm from F&G system)
Flooding system
LTR (Mezzanine Deck)
Automatic and manual (local) activation upon confirmed fire
Automatic and remote manual control will be via the Fire and Gas executive system. 9.2.3
FIREWATER (DELUGE) SYSTEMS
As far as practicable, the fire main (dry pipe main headers) routing will be such that maximum use is made of structural shielding in order to minimize the risk of damage by impact, blast and resulting projectiles. Deluge will be provided where necessary for cooling purposes of high pressure process vessels, hydrocarbon pumps, pipe-work / manifolds and to provide general area protection for cellar and mezzanine decks. Water will be applied to these areas at a rate of 10.2 l/m2/min in accordance with NFPA 15. Deluge will be provided in well-bay areas at a rate of 400 l/min per well in accordance with industry practice and ISO 13702 recommendations. Deluge valve is located on the jack-up rig. Release of deluge valve will be by manual activation upon fire alarm raised by F&G system. Main Supply of fire water to deluge areas will be from the fire ring main via isolation valves, lockable in open position. After drilling period, supply of fire water to deluge areas will be from the standby supply boat (If any). 9.2.4
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) FLOODING SYSTEM
Carbon dioxide flooding system will be provided for the unmanned LTR. Carbon dioxide systems will be designed for deep seated fires in electrical and instrument equipment enclosures. The system will be automatically / manually activated upon confirmed fire by the F&G system. Manual local discharge will be possible by direct manual actuation of the controls in the storage cabinets. A predischarge alarm will be provided, 30 seconds before discharge commences.
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Protected areas will be arranged and designed such that all ventilation is stopped; fire dampers are closed and relevant equipment shutdown automatically prior to discharge of CO2. Additionally, interlocks shall be provided between entrance doors to LTR and CO2 discharge. Before personnel can enter a CO2 protected room, CO2 discharge must be mechanically and electrically isolated. The CO2 system status (including the discharge inhibit state) shall be displayed in the relevant Main Control Room (MCR) at onshore facilities. Spare capacity (100%) shall be installed and fully hooked up in each carbon dioxide skid cabinet. 9.2.5
TWIN-AGENT SKID
Twin-Agent system / skid combine foam (AFFF agents) and dry chemical powder. The self-contained system shall utilize nitrogen to charge and expel a combination of dry chemical in one vessel (to extinguish the fire) and the premix foam solution in the other (to blanket the flame-free surface) through the twin hose assembly. The application rate of the twin agent is 4.1 liters per square meter per minute as minimum. Total application of 2 minutes is required as per NFPA 481. One skid will be required to be located at each excess to the Helideck. 9.2.6
WHEELED AND PORTABLE FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT
Portable and wheeled fire extinguishers shall be provided at strategic locations around the installation. The following types of portable fire extinguishers shall be used as appropriate to the type of risk: •
For areas where there are ordinary combustibles, such as wood, cloth, paper, plastic, etc. extinguishers shall be suitable for Class A Fires. These shall be dry chemical.
•
For areas where there are flammable liquids, oils, greases, paints etc extinguishers shall be suitable for Class B fires. These can be dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
•
For areas where there is energized electrical equipment, extinguishers shall be suitable for Class C fires. These shall be dry chemical or, preferably, carbon dioxide.
Wheeled and portable fire extinguishers will be located as follows: •
Helideck – 22 kg wheeled CO2
•
Main Deck (near chemical tote tank area) – 12 kg dry powder.
•
Process and utility areas - 12kg dry chemical, 45 kg wheeled dry chemical, 5 kg CO2
•
LTR – 5 kg CO2 and 12 kg dry powder.
•
Transformer, wellhead safety cabinet (WHSC), battery room – 5 kg CO2
Appendix II of this document provides minimum quantities of the wheeled and portable fire extinguishers. Portable extinguishers located in exposed areas shall be mounted in weatherproof cabinets.
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CO2 extinguishers located at the Helideck access platforms shall be provided with suitable applicators to enable the contents of the extinguisher to be directed into the helicopter engine.
10. EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SYSTEM System summary The main complex shall be provided with an Emergency Shutdown System (ESD) to ensure the safe isolation and shutdown of equipment under hazardous upset or fire/gas conditions. The shutdown levels for the wellhead platforms are arranged in the following logical steps: •
ESD 3 Local / Unit Process System Shutdown (USD). Production may continue if unit is not essential or automatic changeover to a standby unit can be made.
•
ESD 2 Main Process Shutdown (PSD). Production Stopped and all SSV’s and Shut down valves will be closed.
•
ESD 1 Critical / Total Platform Shutdown due to confirmed fire and/or gas detection. Production shall be stopped and ignition reduction measures shall be taken. All ESD valves, with the exception of sub-sea valves, will be closed.
•
ESD 0 Abandon Platform. Manually activated (via push-button) by senior personnel from temporary rig or boat landings. This shut down level will close all DHSV's and shut down WHSC and all gas inventories are vented to flare or cold vent. The platform complex is de-energised except for emergency and essential power sources, which remain energised for a predefined time after the platform is abandoned. The UPS system shall start automatically upon initiation of ESD 0.
Each shutdown level is initiated by a higher shutdown level.
10.1
ESD PUSH BUTTONS
Push buttons to manually initiate the various ESD levels shall be located.
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11. FIRE & GAS DETECTION AND PROTECTION SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY This philosophy describes how fire and gas hazards shall be detected and addressed. F&G detection and protection system provided for the platforms shall be an integrated system with the ICSS. F&G detection and protection system shall detect an emergency situation due to fire outbreak and gas leak with the following detectors to be provided for the platforms: •
Flame detectors
•
Flammable & toxic gas detectors
•
Smoke detectors
• Heat / Thermal detectors The detectors shall be located strategically throughout the platforms in the fire zones as follows:
Flame detectors are to be provided where hydrocarbon leaks are possible and general area coverage is required. The areas shall include the process areas like near the test separator, wellhead areas, manifold areas and closed drain system areas. The UV/IR flame detectors are recommended for the platforms. The flammable and toxic gas detectors shall be employed and located in those parts of installation where a gas accumulation is possible in case of hydrocarbon leak. The detectors shall also be installed at air intake of enclosed areas where personnel can be present and where electrical equipment is fitted (i.e. in LTR). F&G system shall pick-up the signals from gas detectors to alert personnel by audio and visual alarms to the presence of low level concentration of flammable and/or toxic release and initiate shutdown and activate protective systems in case of confirmed high concentrations. Provisions shall be made for gas detector calibration and location of suitable accessible test points. Smoke detectors should be fast acting and located far enough upstream of dampers to effectively closeoff the intake supply before smoke can spread into manned areas or the TR / LTR. They shall be provided at HVAC and other air intakes. Heat detectors shall be provided in areas where smoke detectors are not suitable for service conditions, such as in electrical / instrument equipment enclosure in the LTR. Flame, smoke and heat detectors will initiate alarm and shall initiate shut down actions or activate fire suppression system. During simultaneous operations (SIMOPS) of drilling and production, an interface is required for the signals to and fro the platform / drilling rig by means of junction box installation on the wellhead platforms and drilling rig. The signals are crucial for ESD and F&G activations due to any fire incidence on the platform or rig. Alarm signals shall also be transmitted to the main control room at onshore facilities. Alarm signals on WHP2 and WHP3 shall be transmitted to the LTR located on WHP1.
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Required reliability and availability of the F&G detection and protection system will necessitate voting of multiple detectors covering the various fire zones. Requirements and further details of the F&G detection and protections system will be defined in the Instrument Design Basis of this project.
12. EMERGENCY SIGNS AND ALARM SYSTEM 12.1
GENERAL
Emergency alarm systems may be divided into two main parts: Part 1- the active system (audible and visual alarm) Part 2 -the passive system (organization and procedures). In addition, an audible and visual alarm shall be provided locally for the following purposes:•
Carbon dioxide status lamps
•
Carbon dioxide pre-discharge sounder alarm
ALARM SYSTEM – REMOTE WELLHEAD PLATFORMS
12.2
The size and nature of the wellhead platform (an NUI) determines that a PA/GA system is inappropriate. Alarm Sounder shall be provided / located at strategic location at each deck including boat-landing area. The Alarm Sounder shall comprise two (2) different tones for ESD 1 and ESD 0 relationship to F&G top level (110 Db) and shut down level (104 Db). These devices are powered and actuated directly from SAFETY-ICSS.
12.3
PLATFORM STATUS LIGHTS
Platform status (flashing beacon) lights (for visual alarm) provide a back up to the audible alarms (Alarm Sounder) listed above and will be operated in conjunction with the audible alarms. Strobe type beacons shall be provided in high noise areas and normal flashing lights in other outside areas. Lens color of the flashing beacons shall be as follows:
Condition
Lights
Confirmed fire and gas detection in shut down level
Red
Confirmed Gas detection and fire in abandon level
Blue
Toxic Gas detection alarm
Yellow
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Helicopter warning lights (flashing) shall be provided on Helideck to announce the hazardous conditions of the platform. Lens color of the flashing beacons at Helideck shall be as follows: Condition
Lights
Normal condition
GREEN
Hazard condition
RED
12.4
FLAMMABLE GAS DETECTION ALARM
Flammable gas detectors shall be infra red type (point version). The flammable detector set points are expressed as a percentage of the Lower Explosion Limit (LEL) and set according to the followings: -
Low Level gas (LL)
PRE-ALARM 20% LEL
-
High Level gas (HL) ALARM
60% LEL
In general the following voting logic shall be applied for each detection area: -
Flammable gas detection by any single detector (1/n) at LL gives a pre-alarm (visual and audible). This allows correcting actions to be actuated in order to prevent the situation from further deterioration;
-
Flammable gas detection by two detectors (2/n) at LL or by any single detector (1/n) at high level (HL) initiates an audible and visual alarm on the overall platform;
-
Flammable gas detection by two detectors (2/n) at high level (HL) initiates a shut down procedure.
12.5
H2S DETECTION ALARM
The well fluid may contain H2S (toxic gas). Toxic gas detectors shall be installed with particular care in order to protect the people during drilling and maintenance phases. Toxic gas detectors will be electrochemical cell type. The recommended toxic gas Threshold Limit Value (TLV) concentration is 10 ppm. All toxic gas Alarm Modules generally have two adjustable set points: -
High Level (HL) PRE-ALARM
H2S concentration at 10 ppm
-
High-High Level (HHL) ALARM H2S concentration at 50 ppm
In general the following voting logic shall be applied for the platforms: -
The H2S gas detection by any single gas detector (1/n) at 10 ppm (HL) gives a pre-alarm allowing corrective action to be initiated in order to prevent dangerous situations for the working crew.
-
The H2S gas detection by two detectors (2/n) at 10 ppm (HL) or by any single detector (1/n) at 50 ppm initiates an audible and visual gas alarm on the overall platform.
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The H2S gas detection by two detectors (2/n) at 50 ppm (HHL) initiates a shut down procedure.
H2S detectors will be installed at the HVAC inlet to the LTR/Muster area. At 5 ppm by one detector at the HVAC, the HVAC shall be shutdown and the platform alarm will be raised. The alarm shall be raised irrespective of occupancy. At 10 ppm detected by one detector, the control and safety system alarm shall be initiated and the alarm shall be raised.
12.6
HYDROGEN (H2) DETECTION ALARM
Hydrogen (H2) gas may be generated when batteries are overcharged. Hence H2 detectors may be required in the Battery Room. The H2 detector type is a metal oxide semiconductor. H2 detectors should be installed at the highest, draft-free location in the battery room where hydrogen gas would accumulate. The H2 detector set points are expressed as a volume percentage of H2 in the air (in the battery room) as follows:
-
Detection of 1% by volume should produce an alarm on the platform together with an F&G output to active yellow Light at/above the Battery Room door.
-
Detection of 2% by volume should again produce an alarm on the platform together with an F&G output to active RED Strobe Light at/above the Battery Room door and breaking command to battery room main incomer feeder shunt trip.
The H2 detectors shall be directly connected to the platform F&G system.
12.7
FLAME DETECTION ALARM
Flame detectors shall be optical type responding to Ultra-violet and Infra-red characteristics. A number of flame detectors shall be strategically located in the process areas. Positioning of flame detectors shall provide overlaps with each other, thus eliminating dead zones. For the process area or utility (chemical) area, an activation of a single detector will also initiate an alarm. A voting system, i.e. 2 out of "n" flame detectors in the process area or utility area shall trigger ESD.
12.8
HEAT / THERMAL DETECTION ALARM
Rate of rise temperature detectors shall be located in all areas that are unsuitable for smoke detectors and where high ambient temperatures or vast range of temperature range may occur. Rate of rise temperature detectors will be provided in LTR and Battery Room. The fixed temperature limit setting of these detectors will be adjusted to a level well above the normal room temperature.
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Activation of a single detector in the LTR or Battery Room will initiate an alarm whereas two will cause ESD.
12.9
SMOKE DETECTION ALARM
Optical type smoke detectors shall be located in the following enclosed areas where smoke can be expected at very early stage of a fire:
-
Battery room
-
LTR
The activation of a single detector in the LTR / battery room will initiate a visual and audible alarm; activation of two detectors will activate ESD.
12.10
EMERGENCY AND SAFETY SIGNS / PLANS
Safety signs shall be provided throughout the installation combining the geometrical shape, color and pictorial symbol to give specific health/safety or emergency information and/or instructions for personnel. Text shall be in Farsi and English. Safety signs shall be in accordance with BS 5378 and BS 5499. Emergency signs shall be provided to inform personnel of escape routes, emergency exits, fire-fighting and rescue equipment locations. All emergency signs shall be illuminated by one of the following means:
•
directly by the provision of emergency lighting;
•
self-powered, luminescent;
• Photo luminescent. Rooms or enclosures protected with CO2 systems shall be equipped at their entrance with warning signs located outside the rooms to inform the personnel of possible CO2 discharge. Where applicable, combined life saving appliance and firefighting equipment plans, showing the location of all firefighting equipment and the arrangements and particulars of life saving appliances, launching apparatus and means of escape shall be provided at the following locations:
•
Temporary Refuge (Mustering Area) / LTR
•
Each Deck Level
•
Embarkation Points / Stations
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STATION BILL
The Station Bill shall be posted at strategic positions around the platforms including the TR (LTR), the Embarkation Points / Stations. The Station Bill should provide the following information in Farsi and English:
•
Details on the Emergency Alarms;
•
Details on the actions required;
•
Details on the roles of the nominated person in charge and their responsibility during an emergency.
13. EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLY
13.1
INTRODUCTION
An emergency power supply system shall be provided for all consumers, which are to be operational under emergency conditions. Essential consumers which are needed during periods where the main power supply is not available (e.g. start-up) shall be connected to this supply. The emergency power supply system shall consist of diesel power generator, connected to a dedicated part of the low voltage switchboard (hereafter called the essential switchboard), UPS-systems for the supply of safety consumers, and DC-Systems with battery back-up where required by the relevant consumers.
13.2
GENERAL SYSTEM LAYOUT
The emergency power supply systems shall be located in a safe area, separate from the main power generation and protected from external fires in accordance with SOLAS requirements for segregation of spaces. All cabling of the system that is required to operate under emergency conditions shall be fire resistant.
In general all electrical consumers shall be graded in four categories:•
U: non-essential
•
N: normal
•
C: critical
•
S: safety
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Critical and Safety Consumers shall be supplied with electrical energy under emergency conditions from the generator; if no break supply is required by certain consumers this shall be via UPS-systems. Shut down and load shedding of consumers fed from the essential switchboard under emergency conditions shall be considered.
13.3
CRITICAL AND SAFETY CONSUMERS
The following systems shall be supplied from the emergency diesel generator for duration of at least 24 hours. •
HVAC for the following rooms: Local Technical Room (LTR)
• • • • • • •
Emergency lighting AC/DC UPS with 4 hours autonomy UPS system for Navigational Aids with 96 hours autonomy Battery Chargers Potable water pump Hydraulic power units Methanol injection pumps
In case of failure of the diesel generator, the safety system, which is supplied with battery backup, will remain operational for a pre-determined time.
13.4
EMERGENCY DIESEL POWER GENERATOR
The emergency power shall be generated by diesel generator, connected to an essential busbar of the low voltage switchboard. Each diesel generator shall have a day tank of sufficient capacity to enable it to run at full load for 24 hours. Each diesel generator shall have two independent starting systems, each with a capacity of at least three consecutive starts. The emergency generators shall be enclosed and separated by A0 rated fire walls and decks. After six unsuccessful attempts to start, the automatic start sequence shall be stopped an alarm shall be annunciated. The diesel generator (if any) shall be inhibited in case of gas detection in its air intake.
13.5
ESSENTIAL SWITCHBOARD
The essential switchboard shall be located near the low voltage switchboard and shall be equipped with all control and protection devices for the emergency consumers and the emergency generator. Under normal operating conditions it shall be fed from the main power supply system.
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Synchronising of the emergency generator with the main power supply system shall be possible.
If consumers are supplied from the emergency switchboard, which are not safety consumers but needed under special conditions, when the main power is not available (e.g. start-up) load shedding shall be considered for emergency operations.
13.6
UPS-SYSTEMS
In addition to the emergency generator, transitional sources of power by means of UPS-Systems shall be provided for consumers which need an uninterruptible power supply. The UPS-systems shall consist as a minimum of:
• • • • • •
Rectifier battery bank Inverter static bypass switch manual bypass switch bypass transformer
The capacity of the battery bank shall be sufficient to supply the connected loads for an autonomy period as mentioned in item 13.3. The UPS-systems shall be fed from the essential switchboard.
13.7
DC-SYSTEMS
Where consumers require a DC-supply, this shall be provided by dedicated DC-systems with battery back-up for an autonomy period as mentioned in Item 13.3. The system shall be equipped with two rectifiers, each with sufficient capacity to provide for the full load current to the consumers and additionally the full charging current for the batteries. The rectifiers shall be fed from the essential switchboard.
13.8
BATTERY ROOMS
Batteries shall be located in dedicated rooms, separate from their chargers. The rooms shall be equipped with separate exhaust ventilation systems. The battery rooms shall be enclosed in A60 rated fire walls and decks as minimum. Interlocks shall be provided between the ventilator and the rectifiers in order to inhibit boost charging of the batteries if the ventilation is out of operation. Electrical installation in battery rooms shall be Ex-protected and certified for use in hydrogen atmosphere, Gas Group B (or IIC as per IP 15) and Temperature Class T1.
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EMERGENCY LIGHTING
Emergency lighting shall be provided for the illumination of technical rooms and other areas of the installation, which are critical for operation. It shall comprise 25% of the installed lighting system as a minimum. The emergency lighting system shall be supplied from the essential switchboard. In each area the emergency lighting shall be made so that the area is illuminated via two separate circuits. One of these can be a main lighting circuit. Failure of one circuit shall not render an area completely dark. The emergency lighting fixtures shall be Ex-protected, in accordance with hazardous area classification.
13.10
SAFETY LIGHTING
The safety lighting system shall illuminate all emergency exits from rooms, escape routes, muster stations, Temporary Refuge and survival craft launching stations, including the water surface below these. The safety lighting shall be fed from the essential switchboard Safety lighting shall be provided by use of luminairs with a battery back-up system having an autonomy period of 4 hours after failure of the emergency power supply (See Electrical Design Basis). The safety lighting fixtures shall be Ex-protected, even if installed in safe areas.
14. NAVIGATIONAL AIDS 14.1
GENERAL
Navigational aids shall be provided for the installation in accordance with the IALA recommendations for the marking of offshore structures, O-114. In addition, aviation obstruction lights and the helideck illumination shall be provided as noted below.
14.2
OPTICAL NAVIGATION AIDS
Generally, at least two primary maritime obstruction lights (beacon lights) shall be installed at prominent position of the complex in such a way, that no dead angle is left on the horizon.
Operation of the light shall be monitored automatically and automatic transfer to a standby circuit shall be initiated in case of light failure. At each corner of each platform additional red maritime obstruction lights shall be installed.
All maritime obstruction lights and their battery power supply shall be Ex-protected or equivalent such that they can continue to operate after a level 4 ESD (or ESD 0 / Abandon Platform) where a gas hazard situation could exist.
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All maritime obstruction lights shall be provided with a battery back-up to give an autonomy period of at least 96 hours.
14.3
ACOUSTIC NAVIGATION AIDS
On each wellhead platform, one or more foghorns shall be provided to ensure the coverage required by the IALA recommendations. The foghorns shall be provided with a battery-backup to give autonomy of at least 96 hours. The foghorns shall be Ex-protected. Signs shall be provided near the foghorns to warn personnel of high sound pressure levels in the vicinity.
14.4
AVIATION OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS
Aviation obstruction lights shall be installed on top of all structures higher than the helideck and intermediate at 10 meter intervals, particularly on crane booms and radio masts (is any). The characteristics shall be omni directional and of color red and their intensity shall not be less than 10 candelas. The highest point of the installation shall be equipped with an omni directional red light of 25 to 200 candela intensity. The aviation obstruction lights shall be part of the safety lighting system.
14.5
HELIDECK PERIMETER LIGHTING
The helicopter landing area perimeter lighting shall be provided on the Helideck in accordance with the requirements of API RP 2L and CAP 437. The perimeter lighting shall be part of the safety lighting system.
14.6
HELIDECK ILLUMINATION
The Helideck shall be illuminated by floodlight, equipped with suitable filters and shades in order not to dazzle the pilot and to avoid reflections from the sea surface. Perimeter lights shall be provided in accordance with API RP 2L and CAP 437 requirements. Power supply shall be from the emergency lighting system. The Helideck wind socks shall be illuminated with power supply from the safety lighting system.
14.7
HELICOPTER HAZARD WARNING LIGHT
To warn helicopter pilots landing at the normally unattended wellhead platform, of platform F&G hazards, a system of visual warning lights will be provided. Under normal conditions a flashing GREEN light will show. In the event of confirmed fire or hydrocarbon/toxic gas detection, a RED flashing light will show. (Two status indicators are provided to cover for lamp failure.)
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It is to be noted that fire/gas detection on wellheads is alarmed in the LTR allowing the helicopter pilot to be advised by radio of an unsafe situation at each wellhead.
15. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS The communication systems for the project are covered in the Communication Philosophy.
16. HELICOPTER LANDING DECKS 16.1
GENERAL
This section covers all safety aspects related to the helicopter decks provided on the wellhead platforms. Each Helideck shall be designed to allow flight operation with the Bell 412 SP and smaller helicopters. Helideck shall be designed for night operations.
16.2
GENERAL LAYOUT
The Helideck shall comply with the requirements of API 2L and CAP 437. A wind sock of type L-807 in accordance with the FAA Specification for Wind Cone Assemblies, AC 150/5345-27C, shall be provided for each helideck. Any spills of fuel on the helideck shall be collected and safely drained to overboard. Two access/escape routes shall be provided for each Helideck.
16.3
AVIATION RADIO SYSTEM AND BEACON
For the requirements, refer to the Communications Philosophy.
16.4
ILLUMINATION AND AVIATION OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS
For the requirements refer to Section 14, Navigational Aids, in this document.
16.5
ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
Helideck fire protection shall, as a minimum, comply with the requirements of NFPA 418. Following means of fire fighting shall be provided as a minimum for wellhead platforms: •
2 nos. wheeled CO2 extinguishers (22kg), each is complete with 6m hose and extension applicator (suitable for reaching the engines of the helicopter) to be located at each access / escape route to/from the Helideck.
•
For wellhead platforms without refueling facilities, 1 no. of twin agent skid that is complete with hose of length sufficient to reach any part of the Helideck to be located near access / escape route to/from the Helideck. On platforms with refueling facilities, 2 nos. of twin agent should be considered.
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HELICOPTER CRASH EQUIPMENT
The following equipment shall be provided in a locker near the Helideck on the remote wellhead platforms, for rapid use in case of helicopter accident. •
1 Adjustable wrench
•
1 Rescue axe, large (non wedge or aircraft type)
•
1 Cutters, bolt
•
1 Crowbar, large
•
1 Hook, grab or salving
•
1 Hacksaw heavy duty c/w 6 spare blades
•
1 Blanket, fire resistant
•
1 Ladder
•
1 Life-line/rescue harness
•
1 Pliers, side cutting
•
1 Set of assorted screwdrivers
•
2 Harness knife c/w sheath
•
2 Portable Safety Lamps
17. LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES 17.1
GENERAL
This section covers the requirements for life saving appliances, which shall be provided for rescue of personnel fallen into the sea and for safe escape of personnel from the platforms without external assistance in the event of a platform emergency.
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All life saving appliances shall be in compliance with IMO and SOLAS requirements and shall be type approved accordingly.
17.2
LIFE-RAFTS
An installation with less than 20 POB may be provided with life-rafts only (i.e. no requirement of TEMPSC) and this is in compliance with SOLAS requirement. Two (2) numbers of inflatable life-rafts with 8-man capacity (2 x100%) as minimum shall be provided for the platforms. They shall be complimentary to the main means of evacuation i.e. rescue boats or boat landing stations, helicopter (when available). Launching of a life-raft shall be possible by one person. The stowage of the life-rafts shall be as near to the water surface as is safe and practical. Life-rafts shall conform to the requirements of SOLAS. Embarkation into life-rafts shall be by rope ladders, where no fixed ladders are provided.
17.3
LIFEBUOYS, LIFEJACKETS AND BUOYANCY AIDS
Lifebuoys shall be provided on each platform. They shall generally be located at the midpoint of each side on each level of the platform.
Each lifebuoy shall be equipped with water activated light and a buoyant painter twice the length of the distance from the mounting position to the water surface.
Buoyancy aids shall be stowed in cabinets at the life-raft embarkation points / stations in number equal to 100% of the carrying capacity of the life-rafts.
Lifebuoys, lifejackets and buoyancy aids shall be in accordance with SOLAS.
17.4
ROPE LADDERS
Rope ladders shall be provided to enable persons to descend to the water surface in emergencies, when the stairs to the boat landing or fixed ladders cannot be used.
17.5
EMERGENCY BREATHING APPARATUS FOR ESCAPE
Emergency breathing apparatus shall be provided for personnel where an emission of toxic gas may occur. The sets shall be self-contained, positive-pressure/pressure-demand type with full face piece. The sets shall have 10 minute duration to enable the wearer to reach a safe area.
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18. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND EFFLUENT HANDLING 18.1
GENERAL
The environment shall be protected at all times from contamination by solid and fluid effluents.
18.2
SOLID WASTES
All plastics and other solid waste, apart from food, shall be collected in containers and transported to shore for proper disposal (duty of care), in accordance with the Kuwait Protocol. Food wastes shall be macerated and discharged overboard in accordance with the requirements of MARPOL.
18.3
LIQUID EFFLUENTS
Liquid effluents from the process and from open drains shall be collected and treated to obtain an acceptable level of hydrocarbons and/or toxic substances prior to discharge to the sea. The efficiency of the separators shall be monitored automatically.
Water effluents Max oil Sanitary water Min free residual chlorine Floating solids Total suspended solids (TSS) COD
15 ppm
BOD5 pH
25 mg/L 6-9
18.4
1 ppm Nil 35 mg/L 125 mg/L
GASEOUS EMISSIONS
Gaseous effluents cannot be avoided. Special care shall be taken to ensure, that they are dispersed as rapidly in a way that in no case can they contaminate any air intake of the installation.
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APPENDIX I: INHERENT SAFETY DESIGN CHECK LIST Eliminate or reduce size of hazards Reduce vessel sizes Eliminate separation stages Reduce number of risers No standby equipment Minimise pressures Simplify process and simplify control systems Minimise number of well interventions Open layout to prevent accumulation of flammable clouds and reduce explosion overpressures if ignition occurs Achieve high fatigue lives at critical structural joints (reduces diver inspection required) Reduce the number of cantilever structures (which have no redundancy) Separation and Segregation Locate hazardous material away from dropped objects Locate most hazardous equipment furthest from TR Locate risers inside jacket tower framing (safe from impacts) Prevent hazard being realized Minimize HP/LP interfaces Fully rating equipment so no need for relief valves or trips Material selection and/or extra wall thickness to reduce impact of corrosion etc Locate flammable inventories away from ignition sources Reduce dependence on active safety systems Minimize potential leak sources, e.g. minimize flanges and instrument connections Protect tapings from impacts Other Minimize number of personnel required to maintain and operate facility Minimize diving operations Minimize helicopter flights
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APPENDIX II: LIST OF SAFETY EQUIPMENT Safety Equipment
PLATFORMS – Quantity of Safety Equipment (Note 1) WHP1/ WHP2/WHP3 WHP8* Helideck Mezzanine Deck Cellar Deck Drain Deck
Lifesaving Appliances Life Rafts (8-man capacity) Life Jackets Lifebuoys Rope Ladders Breathing Apparatus (BA) Fireman’s Equipment Para guard Stretchers First Aid Kit Portable Eyewash Safety Shower & Eyewash Work-vest Personal Transfer Basket Wind Sock Fire Blanket Helicopter Crash Equipment Fire Extinguishers CO2 (Wheeled, 22 kg) CO2 Flooding System CO2 (Portable, 5 kg) Twin Agent-Skid Dry Chemical Powder (Portable, 12 kg) Dry Chemical Powder (Wheeled, 45 kg) Note 1: The quantity and location of all firefighting and life saving equipments will be finalized in next revision.
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