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military helicopter handbook 2008

HELICOPTER Specifications WEAPON SPECIFICATIONS HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS & NVGs

Military Helicopter handbook 2008

SENSOR SPECIFICATIONS integrated mission systems A Shephard Press publication

GUIDE TO MILITARY OPERATORS guide to suppliers product guide

The concise global industry guide www.shephard.co.uk

Publisher Sandy Doyle

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Editor Peter Donaldson

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Contributing Editor Jon Lake [email protected] Sales and Marketing Manager Jane Smith [email protected] Advertising Sales

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handbook 2008 3 Introduction The editor muses on the implications of a potentially game-changing new weapon: the laser-guided rocket.

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Order online  www.shephard.co.uk/shop.aspx www.subscription.co.uk/shephard Tel: +44 (0)1858 438879 Fax: +44 (0)1858 461739 [email protected] Whilst every care has been taken in the compilation of this publication to ensure its accuracy at the time of going to press, the Publishers cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions or any loss arising therefrom. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval systems or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, record­ing or otherwise without prior written permission of the Publishers. Infringements of any of the above rights will be liable to prosecution under UK or US civil or criminal law. The Shephard Military Helicopter Handbook is published annually by The Shephard Press Ltd. © 2007 The Shephard Press Published November 2007 ISSN 1365-6600 Member of the Periodical Publishers Association. Production and DTP by Clear Impressions, High Wycombe, Bucks, UK. Printed by Williams Press, Berkshire, UK.

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Military Helicopter 4

Mixed messages in a sellers’ market Jon Lake looks at the drivers behind today’s boom in military helicopter orders and wonders when it will benefit warfighters in the field.

9 Helicopter specifications Concise descriptions, photographs and specification data on the world’s major military helicopters.

41 Weapon systems specifications Anti-armour, anti-ship and air-to-air missiles, torpedoes, rockets and gun systems for rotorcraft.

65 Helmet-mounted displays and NVGs

Integrated helmets and night vision goggles and HMDs are essential for modern helicopter operations.

73 S  ensor specifications A selection of major radar, thermal imaging and other electro-optical sensors developed for military helicopters.

93 Integrated mission systems

A selection of integrated mission systems and supplier capabilities for military rotorcraft.

101 Guide to military fleets

Military helicopter operators are listed alphabetically by country with types, bases and contact details where available.

117 Guide to suppliers

An alphabetical guide to the military helicopter industry worldwide. The Product Guide on page 165 provides a quick-reference index to suppliers.

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COVER: A Utah Army National Guard soldier from the 19th Special Forces is hoisted up to an HH-60 Pave Hawk in a CSAR integration exercise. (Photo: US DoD, by Master Sgt Kevin J Gruenwald, US Air Force.)

Peter Donaldson « INTRODUCTION

WELCOME

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f post Cold War combat experience with attack helicopters has proved one thing, it is that they are supremely flexible weapon systems capable of adapting to just about any circumstances in which they find themselves. Widely publicised setbacks, such as those that kept Task Force Hawk out of Kosovo and the ambushed Karbala raid in the invasion of Iraq, inevitably brought out critics, some (but not necessarily all) with axes to grind. They opined that such failures called into question the very concept of the attack helicopter. Despite this, smart operators have always proved able to use the vehicle’s inherent flexibility to get back on top, as subsequent Apache operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have amply demonstrated. However, the attack helicopter is still hamstrung by a capability gap when it comes to engaging point targets beyond the range of the gun but for which a weapon as large, expensive and powerful as an anti-tank missile is not justified. This has long been the thrust of the argument behind the US Army backed efforts to provide semi-active laser homing capability to the 2.75 inch rocket manifested in the Low Cost Precision Kill (LCPK) and Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System (APKWS) I and II programmes. There’s no doubt that such a weapon would fill the gap and that operators want it. Like most development

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Peter Donaldson, Editor [email protected]

Military Helicopter Portfolio

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programmes, particularly in the US, it has political enemies who ensured APKWS II funding was zeroed shortly after BAE Systems’ solution had been selected as the one to go forward. So powerful is the idea, however, that Lockheed Martin has continued to develop its own solution using its own money and is promoting it internationally under the name of the Direct Attack Guided Rocket (DAGR), emphasising its compatibility with Hellfire launchers and the resulting lockon before launch (LOBL) capability that enables aviators to know exactly what they are shooting at before they pull the trigger – a vital capability today. What’s more, the US and Korea have agreed to develop another one together, known as the Low Cost Guided Imaging Rocket (LOGIR), Norway’s Kongsberg has been working on another for a while and has now teamed up with Canada’s Bristol Aerospace, manufacturer of the CRV-7 rocket family. The US Marine Corps is also showing interest in the concept, so much so that the Corps has floated the idea of developing a laser guidance kit for its much larger 5 inch (127 mm) Zuni rocket, a weapon that the Corps’ SuperCobra fleet is qualified to fire, but whose sheer size rules it out as a weapon to fill the cannon/ATGM gap. With JCM very much on the back burner, laser-guided rockets could turn out to be the most important new helicopter weapon systems we can expect for many years.

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VIEW » Jon Lake

Jon Lake « VIEW

MIXED MESSAGES IN A SELLER’S MARKET By Jon Lake The military need for helicopters is huge, but procurement decisions drag and manufacturers struggle to meet existing orders and manoeuvre into support contracts to cover future gaps.

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veryone seems to agree – the global helicopter market is booming, and some manufacturers are reportedly ‘sold out’ for the next 18-24 months. The market for military helicopters over the next decade is expected to be even larger than that for civil rotorcraft (59%) and many analysts estimate that as many as 8,500 will be sold during the period. There are increasing opportunities from new military requirements and major procurements are emerging to replace heritage fleets in existing roles.

This might seem a foreign concept to the people of the UK’s Joint Helicopter Command, who are still waiting for a new medium-lift helicopter to address the huge shortfalls in capacity identified by Britain’s National Audit Office in 2004. It may seem almost incredible to aircrew, many of whom have to go out and fly combat missions in superannuated Sea Kings and ancient Pumas, or in Lynxes that struggle in hot and high conditions. It might even seem strange to some of those at AgustaWestland’s Yeovil factory, who have seen

few new orders for their Merlin in recent years – despite its obvious capability and many advantages. On the other side of the Atlantic, there are some who have yet to experience any benefit from this boom in orders. While Sikorsky’s S-70/H-60 family continues to attract orders, the company has so far found only a single customer for the military version of its fast-selling and impressive S-92. But those who can see a bigger picture know that Boeing can’t build Chinooks quickly enough to meet demand – Eurocopter is finding the same for the Cougar and AgustaWestland’s Italian factory is finding it tough to keep up with demand for its AW139, while the A109 continues to sell in large numbers. So what lies behind today’s huge demand for military helicopters?

Operational Experience

» Building Chinooks fast enough to meet demand is a big challenge. (Photo: Boeing)

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Military Helicopter Handbook 2008

The post Cold War world has been marked by an explosion of low intensity conflict, and a significant increase in ‘Operations Other Than War’ (OOTW). Such operations place great emphasis on the expeditionary capability and rapid deployability that helicopters enable. There is often a requirement for patrolling, which requires relatively small numbers of troops to be moved rapidly and safely around large areas. In theatre, responding effectively to ‘hit and run’ attacks requires rapid reaction and great agility in deploying forces. There is also often a need to extract small units from unfriendly territory where road transport would be in real danger of ambush or bombs. The threat posed by irregular forces may make routine movement by road prohibitively risky, placing a further premium on helicopter lift. With a need to minimise collateral damage and friendly casualties, firepower has to be applied with ever greater

» US Navy MH-60S Seahawks have established themselves as stalwart maritime workhorses. (Photo: US Navy) precision, and the best attack helicopters frequently offer greater accuracy and more discriminatory close air support than many fast jet platforms. Naval helicopters are also kept busy. Obviously, amphibious lift can allow troops to operate from the relative safety of a ship, but few nations have sufficient amphibious lift capacity, so some specialised ASW helicopters have been pressed into service in the transport and assault roles. Offensive naval helicopters have also seen action, protecting civilian and military vessels from attackers using very small craft. In both land and maritime environments, unconventional and irregular enemy forces pose particular intelligence problems, since they tend to be extremely fast-moving, and often hit and run. This places great importance on accurate and responsive ISTAR, and helicopters have already proved well-suited to this role. Afghanistan and Iraq underline the need for better hot and high performance, and this has helped to drive a continuing move away from the use of single-engine aircraft in all roles, along with an increased emphasis on the larger medium and heavy helicopters. The main market demand is still led by medium twins, but with an increasing interest in heavy lift rotorcraft, perhaps stimulated by the success of today’s larger helicopters, including the Merlin, Chinook and Mi-26. Many believe that tomorrow’s transport helicopters will carry more than a single squad of troops. As important as size is versatility, and recent operations have only served to underline the importance of being able to rapidly reconfigure for other roles, from medevac to configurations tailored to allow participation in aid and reconstruction work. » visit us at www.shephard.co.uk

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VIEW » Jon Lake Thousands of rotary and fixed wing pilots rely on our advanced situational awareness, threat warning and ECM suites. Our EW team digs deep, not just to meet the specs, but to find the best solution to every problem. And the result? Systems that exceed expectations and deliver in a conflict’s defining moment. Missions succeed, and pilots come home. To learn more, just visit us at itt.com/victor.

In the conflict’s defining moment, be defined as the victor.

(Photo: Patrick Allen) Smaller, leaner helicopter fleets are being asked to do more with less, with high utilisation rates demanded and expected. Tomorrow’s helicopters will therefore be expected to give lower operating costs and higher levels of maintainability and availability. They will also be expected to be easy and economic to upgrade.

Other drivers However, it is not only current and ongoing operations that are driving helicopter procurement policies and programmes – though they may be skewing short term spending priorities! Simply, many of today’s military helicopters are either obsolete, or are getting to the end of their lives, and with previously planned replacement programmes delayed or cancelled to save money, many operators are running out of time and options. Many helicopters remain in service that were introduced during the 1970s, and though these can be upgraded, a number of the types would remain too limited, even after modernisation. Some are particularly poorly suited for the kind of international coalition operations that have become routine – lacking commonality and network connectivity and requiring their own dedicated logistics chain. Buying new often represents a more cost-effective solution and some analysts note that the retrofit option is losing favour with major nations. If this is true, the UK is going against the grain with plans to fit its ageing Commando Sea Kings with Carson blades and the proposed ‘Puma Gold’/Puma Mk 2 upgrade, which aims to keep both types working until around 2017. Though the importance of some helicopter roles has reduced, leading to reductions in force structure in some capability areas, there are other emerging tasks that represent new market opportunities. In the USA, for example, helicopters have been pressed into use in a number of homeland security-related roles. 6

Military Helicopter Handbook 2008

» Stopgap upgrades are the order of the day in the UK. Rolls-Royce estimate a global market of 8,493 new or upgraded military rotorcraft (worth an estimated $120 billion between 2007 to 2016), with a significant growth (of about 7% annually) until 2012, thereafter subsiding to a more sustainable level. (Frost and Sullivan European value the European share at about $26 billion between 2006-2015). As the decade continues, factors driving growth will increasingly come to be balanced by contrary factors. Analysts predict continued shrinkage in European defence budgets in real terms, leading to reductions in force structure, consolidation of existing fleets, and a slow-down in re-equipment programmes. This seems likely to be exacerbated by the migration of some tasks from military units to semi-privatised operations. Second-line tasks, including VIP transport, vertrep, training and civilian SAR cover (and perhaps even some routine transport tasks), are likely to be taken over by civilian operators with smaller, leaner fleets.

ROTOR ALTERNATIVES There are also mission areas in which helicopters are likely to be supplanted by other types of aircraft that may be cheaper to operate, and/or which may be more effective in particular roles. For some battlefield ISTAR roles, for example, manned fixed-wing platforms may offer a viable alternative, while in other roles UAVs will take over some traditional manned helicopter tasks. Northrop Grumman started production of the MQ-8B Fire Scout in Jan 2007, and the aircraft will form a key part of the US Army’s Future Combat Systems programme, as well as serving on the US Navy’s new Littoral Combat Ships. Only a little way behind the Fire Scout are the Bell TR918 Eagle Eye, the Boeing A-160 Hummingbird and the ‘optionally manned’ Boeing MH/AH-6X Unmanned Little Bird (ULB). »

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VIEW » Jon Lake When the current boom in demand has passed, many manufacturers will find themselves in the same situation as some of today’s military fixed-wing manufacturers. Whereas fighter builders could once expect one production programme to dovetail neatly into the next, smaller production runs and longer service lives now tend to leave gaps between the end of one programme and the production of a successor. The most successful companies have attempted to plug these gaps by diversifying into the provision of integrated support contracts. AgustaWestland has already won such contracts for the UK’s Sea King and Merlin, while Boeing has established similar arrangements with the RAF’s Chinook force. But this represents only the tip of a potentially profitable iceberg. Many now believe that such incentivised integrated support contracts will become more and more common and that they will increasingly become ‘core business’ for companies today viewed as aircraft design and production organisations.

Key Programmes However, at the moment business is still booming and many manufacturers are struggling to meet demand, while programme activity is high. With the US Army, Air Force, Navy and Coast Guard all operating massive fleets of helicopters, the USA remains the largest and most lucrative market for military helicopter manufacturers. Once a virtual monopoly for US manufacturers, the US armed forces have in recent years selected a number of foreign designed helicopters for service in large numbers, albeit with the European OEMs concerned teaming with US partner companies to achieve their sales breakthroughs. The biggest such success, in terms of numbers of helicopters, was the selection of the EC145 (UH-72A) as the US Army’s LUH. More than 300 are required, primarily for use in the Homeland Security role by the National Guard. The most prominent European success was the selection of a variant of the EH101 Merlin as the VH-71 to meet the requirement for a new Presidential helicopter. Surprisingly in view of this, the HH-71 lost out to the HH-47G version of the Chinook in the USAF’s CSAR-X competition. Unaccountably, the quick, capacious, quiet Merlin lost out to a helicopter with a notably distinctive and loud noise signature and downwash characteristics that make it a poor winching platform – two attributes that would seem to make it less than ideally suited for the Combat Search and Rescue mission. As a result, the US Government Accountability Office upheld Sikorsky and Lockheed Martin protests and directed that the programme be re-examined. The Bell-Boeing MV-22 Osprey tiltrotor is now in full-rate production and was, at the time of writing, preparing for an 8

Military Helicopter Handbook 2008

operational deployment to Iraq. Many air forces will watch the Osprey’s operational debut with great interest, as foreign interest in the type is reportedly growing. US-built helicopters are still enjoying great success outside the USA. The USMC’s CH-53K has attracted real interest in Europe – especially to meet the Franco-German HTH requirement, while the Netherlands Air Force order for the CH-47F is just the latest Chinook achievement.

helicopter specifications weapon specifications

NO ROOM FOR COMPLACENCY Today’s boom would have seemed like a drought at the height of the Cold War. There will be a series of hard fought battles for orders, and no manufacturer can afford to be complacent. The major players in the West are competing in a smaller market, and are facing stiffer competition from further East, with Russia, India and China all becoming more important players. In Russia, there was some initial fragmentation after the Cold War, as individual factories marketed different versions of the same helicopter types, often in competition with the original Design Bureau, so that Rostvertol, Kazan, Ulan Ude and Mil were at one time all offering competing Mil Mi-17 variants. But the Russian helicopter industry is now consolidating and is achieving sales even in the absence of demand in the home market. The Indian aerospace industry has successfully launched its indigenous HAL Dhruv ALH, which will be procured by all three armed services and by the Coast Guard, though India remains a major customer for foreign built helicopters, with an ongoing requirement for more than 300 new light helicopters. In China, AVIC II is overseeing the development of a range of new indigenous helicopter programmes, while continuing to co-operate with Eurocopter on the development and production of existing and new types, including the new EC175. Elsewhere, in South Africa, Japan and South Korea for example, there have been small indigenous helicopter programmes, building on significant licence manufacturing and local production. In the longer term, there may be further ‘entrants’ with some Middle East nations developing local industrial infrastructure and requiring industrial offset as a pre-condition of new rotorcraft procurement programmes. This, it is hoped, will stimulate and ‘feed’ indigenous aerospace industries. There has already been some consolidation of helicopter companies through merger and take-over, but many analysts believe that significant further rationalisation is inevitable. This ‘shake out’ may, however, be delayed by the cushion now being provided by the boom in civil helicopter sales, which may be ‘propping up’ some of the less efficient manufacturers. ∞

helmet-mounted displays and nvgS sensors INTEGRATED MISSION SYSTEMS guide to military helicopter fleets guide to SUPPLIERS PRODUCT GUIDE

SPECIFICATIONS

HELICOPTERS This section describes the main rotorcraft in military service, in development or on offer to military customers. Each aircraft is illustrated with a photograph and specifications include a description of current usage as well as technical data. Entries appear alphabetically under the principal manufacturer holding design authority, unless otherwise stated. ± Gross weight = maximum all-up weight including internal load ± Empty weight = weight without fuel, crew, payload or weapons ± Length = normally fuselage length, occasionally with rotors running (‘overall’) ± Payload = maximum load either internal or external ± Max speed = Vne at sea level ± Range = typical sortie, still air ± HIGE = Hover In Ground Effect ± HOGE = Hover Outside Ground Effect

While every effort has been made to provide accurate information, the publishers cannot be held responsible for errors or omissions. If you have any comments, additions or corrections you would like to be made please contact the editor.

SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters

Helicopters « SPECIFICATIONS

AGUSTAWESTLAND AW101

AGUSTAWESTLAND AW129 MANGUSTA

Jointly developed by Westland and Agusta (now AgustaWestland) this 3engined medium helicopter (previously known as the EH101) has three basic variants: Utility, Naval and Civil. Utility features a rear ramp and shallower tail boom. Five-bladed main rotor head features redundant load paths. Composite main and tail rotor blades, windscreens and engine air intakes feature de-icing equipment as standard. Active Control of Structural Response (ACSR) smoothes vibration. Fly-by-wire controls with all-electric actuation are under development. Low noise signature gives particular suitability for CSAR and Special Forces support. Customers include the UK, Italy, Canada, Portugal, Denmark, Japan and the USA . New BERP 4 advanced rotor blades and more powerful GE engines flight tested. Powerplant: 3 x RTM 322 rated at 2,263 shp (1,688kW) or 3 x GE T700 rated at 2,145 shp (1,600 kW). Gross weight: 32,188 lb (14,600 kg) or 34,392 lb (15,600 kg) for utility version with external load. Equipped empty weight: 20,234 lb (9,180 kg). Dimensions unfolded: Length: 74.80 ft (22.80 m). Height (rotors turning): 21.72 ft (6.62 m). Rotor diameter: 61 ft (18.6 m). Performance: Cruise speed 150 kt (280 km/h). Max Range (naval version): 927 km (500 nm). Max range (military utility version): 1,390 km (750 nm). HIGE: 7,300 ft (2,225 m). HOGE: 3,700 ft (1,128 m). Armament: 4 x torpedoes or depth charges, 2 x anti-ship missiles on naval versions, pintle-mounted machine guns on utility aircraft.

Tandem two-seat, twin-engined attack helicopter subsequently developed into a multi-role combat helicopter (CBT)for the Italian Army, and for export as AW129 International Mangusta with LHTEC T800 engines and five blade main rotor. Ballistically tolerant airframe. Main rotor controls pass up through rotor mast for protection. AFCS allows hands-off operation, provides recovery capability from unusual attitudes, command augmentation for crisp response in NOE flight and stability augmentation for precise weapon aiming. Sensors include: FLIR and TV cameras, laser range finder/designator, automatic target tracker, video recorder, night piloting FLIR, IHADSS helmet display. Turkey is to acquire 50 (plus 41 options) as the T129, with more powerful LHTEC T800 engines, air-to-air Stinger and an increased number of Hellfire ATGMs, and will become the sole source for AW129 fuselage production. Powerplant: 2 x 890 shp (657 kW) Rolls‑Royce Gem 1004D turboshafts, or 2 x 1,362 shp (1,016 kW) LHTEC-CTS800-2 turboshafts. Gross weight: (Gem engines) 10,141 lb (4,600 kg), (CTS800 engines) 11,243 lb (5,100 kg). Performance (Gem / CTS800): cruise speed 250 kph (135 kts) / 278 kph (150 kts); hovering OGE 1,500 m (4,920 ft) / 3,290 m (10,800 ft); range (Std tank) 510 km (275 nm) / 561 km (303 nm); endurance (std tank) 2 h 45 min / 3 h. Armament: 8 Hellfire or TOW missiles or a mix of both; 81 mm or 2.75 in rockets; 20 mm M-197 cannon; Stinger air-to-air missiles.

AGUSTAWESTLAND AW109 LUH

AGUSTAWESTLAND AW139 MILITARY

Latest military model of the A109 family operated by Sweden, South Africa and Malaysia. Eight seat multi-role helicopter with composite, fourbladed, fully articulated rotor, FADEC-controlled engines and a glass cockpit with three interchangeable 6 x 8 inch LCD multifunction displays that allow enhanced flight and mission management. Instrument panel, interior and exterior lighting are NVG compatible. Similar AW109 Nexus for Italian Guardia di Finanza. Basic AW109E Power also operated by many military users, including US Coast Guard MH-68A Sting Ray, used for drug interdiction and harbour security operations. Powerplant: 2 x Pratt & Whitney 207C or Arrius 2K1 turboshafts rated at 735 or 711 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 6,614 lb (3,000 kg). Basic Empty weight: 3,666 lb (1663 kg) Dimensions: Length: 42.42 ft (12.93 m) with rotors turning. Height 11.22 ft (3.421m) Main Rotor diameter: 35.53 ft (10.83 m). Max standard fuel load: from 154 to 223 US gal. Performance: Max speed: (Vne) 168 kt (311 kph). Cruise speed: 156 kt (290 kph) Range: (with 223 USGal fuel, no reserve, @5000 ft) 481 nm (890 km) Armament: Rocket launcher 7/12/19 tubes 70/81 mm; twin machine gun-pod 7.62 mm; machine gun-pod 12.7/20 mm; machine gun-pod 12.7 mm with 3-tube 70 mm rocket launcher; anti-tank missiles (TOW, HOT or Hellfire); air-to-air missiles (Stinger or Mistral); sling and harness set for 12.7 mm sniper rifle (USCG).

Medium twin-engined multi-role helicopter certified to FAR and JAR 29 regulations. Carries up to 15 troops or six stretchers and four medical attendants. Features include a fully crashworthy airframe, crew- and troop-seats, high manoeuvrability and agility, fail-safe design, systems redundancy and separation, low acoustic and IR emission, good visibility, low pilot workload, retractable landing gear and high tail rotor ground clearance. Large, unobstructed cabin has big sliding doors and a flat floor. AgustaWestland teamed with L3 Communications Integrated Systems to offer the US139 for the US Army’s Light Utility Helicopter requirement. The type has been ordered by the UAE air force for SAR, and the Irish DoD has ordered the type for the Irish Air Corps to meet its utility helicopter requirement. Also used by large numbers of parapublic operators. Powerplant: 2 x Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6-67C turboshafts rated at 1,679 shp (1,252 kW) for take-off. Max take-off weight: 14,110 lb (6,400 kg) Dimensions: Length: 54.63 ft (16.65 m) rotors running, Height: 16.24 ft 4.95 m). Cabin (LxWxH): 8.86 x 6.56 x 4.66 ft (2.7 x 2.0 x 1.42 m). Main rotor diameter: 45.28 ft (13.8 m). Performance: (ISA, MTOW) Max cruise speed: 155 kt (286 kph), VNE 167 kt (310 kph), HOGE: 12,000 ft (3,600 m) Range (no reserve): more than 400 nm (750 km). Armament: Provision for full range of weapons. Mock up shown with pintle mounted cabin machine gun and pylon-mounted rocket pods.

AGUSTAWESTLAND AW119 KOALA

AGUSTAWESTLAND AW149

Military version of the AW119 Koala is a fast, powerful single-turbine utility helicopter with large, unobstructed eight place cabin. Configuration derived from AW109E Power. Four composite main rotor and two tail rotor blades turned by 1,002 shp PT-6 turboshaft. Avionics options include large LCDs and a three-axis duplex AFCS. AW119 Ke has redesigned rotors, giving increased payload and improved fuel efficiency. MTOW (int. loads): 2720 kg (5997 lb), MTOW (ext. loads): 3150 kg (6944 lb). Basic Empty Weight: 1430 kg (3152 lb). Engine: 1 x Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6B-37A turboshaft rated at 747 kW (1002 shp) for take off and 650 kW (872 shp) max continuous. Transmission rating: 671 kW (900 shp) for take off and max continuous. Performance: VNE (SL) 281 kph (152 kts). Max speed: (SL) 267 kph (144 kt). HIGE: 4,450 m (14,600 ft). HOGE: 3,261 m (10,700 ft). Service ceiling: more than 6,096 m (20,000 ft). Max Range: 991 km (535 nm), max endurance 5 h 45 min, both at 5,000 ft with 230 US gallons of fuel and no reserve. Length, rotors turning: 13.01 m (42.68 ft). Width (rotor blades at 45°): 7.66 m (25.13 ft). Maximum height: 3.77 m (12.37 ft). Main rotor diameter: 10.83 m (35.53 ft) Tail rotor diameter: 2 m (6.57 ft). Armament: 7/12/19 tube launcher for 70/80 mm rockets; twin 7.62 mm machine gun-pod; 12.7/20 mm machine gun pod; 12.7 mm machine gun pod with 3-tubes 70 mm rocket launcher.

Developed from the AW139, the AW149 is a new larger 7.5- to 8-tonne multi-role battlefield helicopter to be designed and built at AgustaWestland’s Yeovil, UK facility. For battlefield support roles, the company highlights a large, unobstructed cabin and baggage compartment that can accommodate up to 16 troops or 12 when fully equipped, and a cargo hook able to support external loads up to 2,720 kg (6,000 lb). The cabin has two large sliding doors and 12.4 m3 of internal cargo space. For command and control missions, the cabin has space for dedicated C3 equipment and two workstations. For the medevac role, the 3 m long by 2.26 m wide and 1.45 m high cabin provides the capability to accommodate up to six stretchers leaving enough space for four attendants and in-flight medical care equipment. For Combat Search And Rescue (CSAR) missions a rescue hoist and other specific mission equipment and armaments can be provided. The CSAR crew concept envisages two pilots plus two to four crewmembers. The 149 is designed to be able to operate in high threat environments so, in addition to the option of an integrated DAS, it will have ‘modular’ ballistic tolerance beyond armour kits. It will be certified to both civil and military standards to make it more attractive for parapublic operations. First flight is due in 2009. Cruise speed: 160 kt. OGE hover (95°F day, full load): 6,000 ft.

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Military Helicopter Handbook 2008

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters AGUSTAWESTLAND FUTURE LYNX Future Lynx represents a major rework of the Lynx airframe and mission systems for improved land, maritime and littoral ISTAR, attack and support/utility roles along with reduced life-cycle cost and greater availability. UK MoD programme envisages 70 airframes plus 10 options: 40 for the British Army, 30 for the Royal Navy and five options each with service entry in 2014 for the Army aircraft, and 2015 for the RN. The existing dynamic system will be retained, but with enhanced reliability and room for growth. The main rotor head will be re-tested and re-qualified and there will be a new tail rotor to support an eventual 6,250 kg maximum gross weight. The enhanced main gear box will have room for growth from 1,960 to 2,150 shp to cope with CTS800 engines offering 36% greater power than Gems for similar fuel consumption. The marinised airframe will be designed for 90th percentile crash conditions, aided by a new common undercarriage with strengthened attachments optimised for energy absorption, a new nose and strengthened under-floor structure. The tail cone/pylon structure will also be new. All seats will be crashworthy. Crew seats will be armoured. The self-sealing fuel system will feature external fuel tanks. A new emergency flotation system will have a high degree of crashworthiness and a wire strike protection system will be fitted. Larger cockpit doors will improve egress. First flight is due in November 2009.

AGUSTAWESTLAND LYNX Small ships’ helicopter operated by most European NATO maritime forces, also by the navies of many other nations, the latest of which include Thailand, Malaysia and Oman. High equivalent main rotor hinge offset provides great agility. Wheeled undercarriage benefits from harpoon hold down gear on board ship. Operates from small ships up to and beyond sea state 6. Battlefield variant used in anti‑armour and light utility roles by British Army. Super Lynx 300 and Battlefield Lynx are latest production variants with LHTEC CTS800 engines, composite rotor blades and improved tail rotor and improved avionics and systems. ‘Future Lynx’ selected for assessment phase of UK Battlefield Light Utility Helicopter requirement. Powerplant: 2 x Rolls‑Royce Gem 42‑1 turboshafts rated at 1,120 shp or 2 x LHTEC CTS800 turboshafts rated at 1,611 shp (30 sec OEI rating). Gross weight: 11,750 lb (5,330 kg). Equipped empty weight: 7,782 lb (3,530 kg). Dimensions: Length: 43.76 ft (13.33 m). Height: 10.67 ft (3.25 m). Rotor diameter: 42.0 ft (12.80 m). Performance: Cruise speed 137 kt (255 km/h), HOGE 6,726 ft (2,050 m), ROC 1,776 ft/m (9 m/s). Typical Range: 305 nm (565 km). Armament: 8 x TOW anti‑tank missiles (British Army AH Mk7), 4 x Sea Skua anti‑ship missiles, 2 x Mk44/46 Stingray torpedoes or Mk11 depth charges, 7.62 mm machine guns (naval versions).

AGUSTAWESTLAND SEA KING Multi-role maritime helicopter in widespread service with a wide range of sensors and weapon fits. UK-built derivative of Sikorsky S-61. Westland Sea King has uprated engines and gearbox, composite rotor blades, improved radar and navigation system. Seats 2 crew and up to 28 passengers. Serves UK RAF and RN in shore-based SAR role. The Commando is a RN utility/troop transport version. AEW variant developed for UK Royal Navy with Searchwater 360° radar located in large radome on starboard side. The latest version is the upgraded ASaCs Mk7 that provides the Royal Navy with an airborne surveillance and control capability as well as AEW. The Mk7 is fitted with the Thales Cerberus Mission System with the Searchwater 2000 advanced AEW radar, an IFF, an INS/GPS navigation system and a Link 16/JTIDS data link. Numerous export customers, especially for SAR and transport, but still used as ASW/ASV platform by India, Pakistan and UAE. Powerplant: 2 x Rolls-Royce H 1400-1T turboshafts each rated at 1,660 shp for take off. Gross weight: 21,400 lb (9,707 kg). Empty weight: 12,009 lb (5,447 kg). Dimensions: Length: 54.9 ft (16.73 m). Height: 16.3 ft (4.91 m). Rotor diameter: 62 ft (18.9 m). Performance: Cruise speed 112 kt (207 km/h). Range: 730 nm (1,352 km). Armament: 4 x Mk 44/46, or Stingray torpedoes or depth charges; or 2 x Exocet or Sea Eagle long range anti-ship missiles; or rocket pods, cabin door-mounted machine guns.

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AW101 MERLIN

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters BELL 205/UH‑1/210 IROQUOIS (HUEY) Classic light utility helicopter in worldwide service. The latest upgrade is the Model 210 intended for certification by the US FAA. The 210 is a UH-1H rebuilt using all new Bell-certified parts to increase performance and reliability and reduce cost is the goal. Bell quotes a price of around $3 million, a DOC of around $530 an hour and a useful load 630 lb higher than that of the UH-1H. With the Honeywell T5317 engine, it offers the power to yield up to 39% increase in IGE hover ceiling on a standard day and over 275% increase in IGE hover ceiling on an extremely hot day over the performance of the UH1H, says Bell. Alternative engine installations are LHTEC’s T800, GE’s T700 and Pratt & Whitney Canada’s PT6C-67D. Global Helicopter Technologies offers tailboom strake to increase yaw authority. Seats pilot and 14 passengers. Standard UH-1H: Powerplant: AlliedSignal Lycoming T53‑L13B rated at 1,400 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 9,500 lb (4,309 kg). Empty weight: 5,210 lb (2,363 kg). Dimensions: Length: 41 ft 11 in (12.7 m). Height 11 ft 9 in (3.58 m). Rotor diameter: 48 ft (14.63 m). Performance at 9,500 lb (4,309 kg) in ISA: Max speed: 110 kt (204 km/h). Typical Range: 251 nm (465 km), OGE hover 1,900 ft (579 m), IGE hover 10,800 ft (3,292 m), rate of climb at SL 1,600 ft/min (8.1 m/s), VROC 240 ft/min (1.2 m/s). Armament: Pintle-mounted machine guns and hardpoints for fixed forward firing guns, rockets and mines.

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BELL 206/OH‑58 KIOWA/TH‑67 CREEK Light scout and training helicopter in worldwide service. OH‑58A/C Kiowa scout being phased out of US Army by 2013, though improved OH-58D Kiowa Warrior (see Bell 406 entry) remains in use in scout and armed reconnaissance roles, and exported to Royal Saudi Land Forces. TH‑57B/C SeaRanger primary and instrument trainer in US Navy. 135 TH‑67 Creek New Training Helicopters with crashworthy seats and fuel system delivered to US Army Aviation Centre at Fort Rucker in 1993. Taiwan has placed an order for 30 TH-67s. Powerplant: Rolls-Royce Allison T63‑A‑720 (250 C20J) turboshaft rated at 420 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 3,200 lb (1,451 kg). Payload: 1,270 lb (576 kg). Dimensions: Length: 31.2 ft in (9.5 m). Height 9.5 ft (2.91 m). Rotor diameter: 33.3 ft (10.15 m). Max speed: 122 kt (226 km/h). Typical Range: 365 nm (676 km) OGE hover 8,800 ft (2,680 m), IGE hover 12,800 ft (3,900 m), rate of climb at SL 1,280 ft/min (6.5 m/s). Armament: Machine guns, rockets. 2 x Stinger air‑to‑air missiles, US Army OH‑58Cs. Machine guns and rocket pods on export variants only.

BELL 209/AH‑1S, P & F COBRA Combat proven single-engined attack helicopter in service with US Army Reserves, Bahrain, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Pakistan, Republic of Korea, Thailand and Turkey. Retired from US Army service. Upgrade packages are on offer from integrators such as Lockheed Martin Systems Integration Owego, IAI Tamam, Elbit and Rafael. All include modern digital avionics, day/night sensors, new weapons and defensive aids. Powerplant: One AlliedSignal Lycoming T53‑L‑703 turboshaft rated at 1,800 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 10,000 lb (4,535 kg). Empty weight: 6,598 lb (2,993 kg). Dimensions: Length: 44.6 ft (13.59 m). Height: 13.2 ft (4.02 m). Rotor diameter: 44 ft (13.41 m). Performance: Max speed: 170 kt (315 km/h). Typical Range: 322 nm (597 km) OGE hover 4,500 ft (1,368 m), IGE hover 12,200 ft (3,718 m), VROC 400 ft/min (2 m/s). Armament: Turreted 20 mm cannon, 76 x 2.75 in/70 mm rockets, 8 x TOW anti‑tank missiles. Rafael has integrated its NTD missile as part of its HELICOAT upgrade package.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters

Helicopters « SPECIFICATIONS

BELL 209/AH‑1W SUPERCOBRA

BELL AH-1Z VIPER

Twin‑engined attack helicopter developed for US Marine Corps. SuperCobra was derived from AH-1T SeaCobra, replacing P&W PT-6 Twin Pac with GE T700 engines, but retaining two blade main rotor and analog cockpit. Mid-life update added Night Targeting System able to detect, acquire, track, lock on, range and designate targets in day, night and adverse weather conditions. Most USMC machines set for upgrade to AH1Z standard with four blade main rotor and major avionics upgrade (described under Bell AH-1Z). Twin-engined Cobras are also operated by the Iranian Army (AH-1J), the Turkish Land Forces (AH-1W) and the Taiwanese Army (AH-1W). Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700‑401 rated at 2,032 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 14,750 lb (6,700 kg). Empty weight: 10,300 lb (4,271 kg). Dimensions: Length: 58 ft (17.7 m). Height: 14.6 ft (4.44 m). Rotor diameter: 48 ft (14.6 m). Performance: Max speed: 170 kt (315 km/h). Typical Range: 317 nm (587 km). Armament: Turreted 20 mm cannon with 750 rounds, 8 x TOW or Hellfire ATM, 2.75 in/70 mm rockets, Sidewinder AAM.

Major SuperCobra upgrade in the engineering and manufacturing development stage. 280 SuperCobra and 100 Twin Huey upgrades for USMC. Zero-timed helicopter will have new four-bladed all-composite, hingeless, bearingless rotor system, drive train, engine, transmissions, hydraulics, electrical systems and tailboom. Digital mission avionics are all new. Lockheed Martin/L3 Wescam Target Sight System includes a high resolution FLIR, a dual field-of-view TV with zoom capability and a laser rangefinder/designator. Pilotage FLIR will feed Thales TopOwl helmet display. Podded Longbow radar has been proposed. The first production aircraft rolled out in September 06. The US Navy is scheduled to receive aircraft through 2009 when plans call for 15 to be delivered. Critical operational evaluation phase began in May 06. Passed OPEVAL and now in Low Rate Initial Production (LRIP) phase III, though IOC has been pushed back to FY 2011. Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700 turboshafts. Empty weight: 12,300 lb (5,579 kg). Max gross weight: 18,500 lb (8,392 kg). Max useful load: 6,200 lb (2,812 kg). Performance: IRP Speed 185 kt (343 km/h). Max continuous speed: 148 kt (274 km/h). Hover: OGE 16,500 ft (5,063 m). Max Range: 398 nm (738 km). Armament: Stubwings have two pylons each capable of carrying a four-round Hellfire or TOW launcher, 19-tube pod for 2.75 inch rockets or a single Maverick. Tip stations support AAMs such as Sidewinder. Chin turret houses 20 mm M-197 cannon.

BELL 406/OH‑58D KIOWA WARRIOR

Bell ARH-70A

Modernised scout helicopter with day/night mast‑mounted sight, glass cockpit and four‑bladed rotor system. T703- AD-700 650 shp engine gives enhanced hot and high performance. 382 OH‑58Ds delivered by mid-1997 under US Army Helicopter Improvement Programme. All eventually upgraded to Kiowa Warrior standard with weapons and Multi‑Purpose Light Helicopter kits. Simula Cockpit Airbag System now installed in US Army aircraft. Army now has 350 ‘58Ds, 279 of which are slated for upgrades to enable them to operate until 2017. These include a 175 lb weight reduction, the FADEC-controlled 250 C30R3 engine with barrier filter, improved master controller processor unit, IDM v304, SINCGARS SIP radio, Aviation Mission Planning Station, Video Image Cross Link (VIXL) and a data transfer cartridge. Model 406 also exported to Royal Saudi Land Forces. Powerplant: RollsRoyce Allison T703‑AD‑700 (250 C30) rated at 650 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 5,500 lb (2,495 kg). Payload: 2,290 lb (998 kg). Dimensions: Length: 34.5 ft (10.48 m). Height: 12.9 ft (3.9 m). Rotor diameter: 35 ft (10.66 m). Max speed: 130 kt (241 km/h). Typical Range: 223 nm (413 km) ROC at SL 1,540 ft/min (7.9 m/s). Armament: US Army OH‑58Ds can carry four Stinger air-to-air missiles, a 0.50 cal machine gun with 500 rounds, 4 x Hellfire ATM, or 14 x 70 mm rockets. Model 406CS 4 x TOW ATM, 2 x 20 mm cannon pods with 360 rnds, 14 x 70 mm rockets.

Military variant of the commercial model 407 selected by the US Army for its post-Comanche Armed Reconnaissance Helicopter Requirement, to replace OH-58D Kiowa Warrior, using high proportion of COTS components for lower cost and reduced risk. In July 05, Bell received a contract worth $2.2 billion to build 368 ARHs between 2006 and 2013. ARH can seat two pilots and three passengers. Bell is working with Lockheed Martin to integrate the mission equipment package into the US Army’s net-centric environment. MEP includes a chin-mounted FLIR Systems Brite Star recce and targeting pod containing thermal imager, colour TV camera (with fusion capability), laser rangefinder, designator and spot tracker. Cockpit displays are based on Common Avionics Achitecture System (CAAS) including two large colour LCD multifunction displays. Nav system includes H-76 ACE global navigation system, MMR “Tophat” (VOR/ILS/GS/Marker Beacon) and ARN-153-V4 TACAN. Comprehensive comms and situational awareness package. ASE fit consists of AN/APR-39B(V2) RWR, AN/AAR-47(V2) MAWS and an AN/ALE-47 countermeasures dispenser. It flew for the first time on Thursday 20 July 06. Powerplant: 1 x 925 shp Honeywell HTS 900 turboshaft. HOGE: 4,000 ft at 95°F. Endurance: 2.33 hours. Range: 362 km. Armament: GAU-19 (.50 cal) or GAU-17 (7.62mm) gatling guns; up to 38 2.75” rockets (inc APKWS laser-guided rockets), AGM-114 Hellfire missiles.

BELL 412EP/CH 146

BELL USMC UH-1Y VENOM

Twin‑engine medium support helicopter derived from model 212/Twin Huey, but differentiated visually by four-blade main rotor. Seats 15 including two pilots. Produced by Bell Canada, IPTN in Indonesia and Agusta in Italy. Wide opening doors to accommodate a two-ton capacity forklift. Said to offer the highest dispatch reliability of any twin engi ne aircraft and lowest seat mile cost in its class. Features rupture resistant fuel cells, energy absorbing crew seats and collective mounted throttles as standard equipment. Dual digital automatic flight control system allows for easy integration of automatic approach to hover and automatic hover capabilities. Powerplant: 2 x Pratt & Whitney Canada T400‑CP400 (PT6T‑3D) rated at 1,800 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 11,900 lb (5,398 kg). Empty weight: 6,350 lb (2,962 kg). Dimensions: Length: 42.4 ft (12.90 m). Height: 10.8 ft (3.3 m). Rotor diameter: 46 ft (14 m). Performance (at maximum gross weight in ISA): Max speed: 140 kt (259 km/h). Typical Range: 338 nm (626 km), OGE hover 5,200 ft (1,585 m), IGE hover 10,200 ft (3,120 m). Armament: 12.7 mm/7.62 mm machine guns; 70 mm rockets.

Originally planned as Twin Huey upgrade, all but the first UH-1Ys will now use new-build airframes for speed, so that a ‘donor’ UH-1N does not have to be taken out of service until a UH-1Y Venom is delivered. Drive train and four-bladed, all-composite rotor system and core digital avionics identical to those of AH-1Z, commonality that is expected to save USMC $3 billion over 30 years. The passive self-defence suite will comprise the AN/APR39A (V)2 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR), AN/AVR-2 laser warning receiver and the AN/AAR-47 Missile Approach Warning System (MAWS). Active countermeasures will consist of a AN/ALQ-144 infra-red jammer and an ALE-47 decoy dispensing system. First production aircraft rolled out in September 06. The US Navy has awarded Bell a firm fixed-priceincentive fee contract for the FY07 low rate initial production lot of nine UH-1Y aircraft. IOC is planned for September 2008. First production UH-1Y first flew on 18 November 2006. Powerplant: 2 x General Electric GE-T700 turboshaft engines. Empty weight: 11,565 lb (5,246 kg). Max gross weight: 18,500 lb (8,392 kg). Max useful load: 6,935 lb (3,146 kg). Performance: IRP Speed 160 kt (296 km/h). Max continuous speed: 148 kt (274 km/h). Hover: OGE 16,500 ft (5,063 m). Max range: 373 nm (691 km). Armament: LAU 68 (7-tube) or LAU-61 (19-tube) launchers for 2.75-inch rockets; Browning type GAU-16 .50 cal machine gun, M240D 7.26 GPMG, GAU-17 7.62 mm Minigun.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters BELL‑BOEING V‑22 OSPREY

7-1/2" Live

Tiltrotor aircraft being developed for USMC, USN and USAF, now in fullrate production. Combines VTOL and hover capability with fixed-wing turboprop speed and range. Features fly-by-wire controls and extensive use of composites and advanced manufacturing techniques.  VMX-22, the US Marine Corps Tiltrotor Test and Evaluation Squadron, successfully completed the MV-22 operational test and evaluation in the summer of 2005. It demonstrated over 2,600-miles range with one air-to-air refueling. The V-22 also recorded cruise speeds of 255 knots, all the while operating with better reliability and mission capability than the specification thresholds. It is due for its first combat deployment to Iraq in late 2007, amid criticism of the aircraft’s potential vulnerability and lack of suppressive fire weapons, though BAE has tested an RGS turret solution for the V-22, which would provide 360 degree coverage using a 3-barrel 7.62mm GAU-17 Minigun. Powerplant: 2 x Rolls-Royce Allison T406‑AD‑400 turboshafts rated at 6,150 shp. Gross weight: VTOL, 55,000 lb (24,950 kg), STOL, 60,500 lb (27,443 kg). Empty weight: 31,818 lb (14,433 kg). Dimensions: Length: 57.33 ft (17.5 m). Height: 22.1 ft (6.7 m). Rotor diameter: 39 ft (11.9 m). Performance: Dash speed: 300 kt (556 km/h), Combat Range: VTOL, 1,200 nm (2,224 km), STOL: 1,800 nm (3,332 km). Armament: Ramp, door and turret guns envisioned.

BOEING AH-6/MH-6 Little Bird

8-1/8" Trim

8-1/2" Bleed

Special operations derivative of Hughes OH-6/McDonnel Douglas Defender AH‑6/MH‑6 Mission Enhanced Little Birds equip the US Army’s 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment. The AH-6J gunship and MH6J transport (carrying up to six people on platforms mounted outside the door for quick insertion and extraction of crews) are being upgraded to a common, reconfigurable A/MH-6M Mission-Enhanced Little Bird (MELB) configuration. Later models have a new six-person foldaway system. Industrial responsibility for these retained by Boeing when the rest of the product line went to MD Helicopters. Boeing has developed an optionallymanned UAV version (pictured). Armament (AH-6): up to two 7.62 Dillon M-134 Miniguns and two seven-shot 2.75 rocket pods; 12.7 mm (0.50 in) machine guns, GD Mk19 40mm grenade launcher, Hellfire, and air-to-air Stinger missiles. Can be fitted with nose- or mastmounted weapon sights.

Today, combat means extreme environments.

BOEING AH‑64A APACHE Heavy attack helicopter developed for the US Army and widely exported. Entered US Army service in 1984. Pilotage and targeting FLIRs give day, night and adverse weather combat capability. Pilotage FLIR imagery and symbology fed to monocular IHADSS helmet, which can also be used to aim the gun. Target Acquisition and Designation Sight (TADS) is primary targeting sensor with FLIR, TV, direct view telescope, laser rangefinder & designator. Designed for ballistic tolerance and crashworthiness. Full protection against 12.7 mm rounds and major component protection against 23 mm rounds. Combat proven in many places particularly Afghanistan and Iraq, has shown itself capable of remaining in the fight despite heavy battle damage including RPG hits. Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700 GE701C turboshafts rated 1,800 shp. Gross weight: 21,100 lb (9,570 kg). Empty weight: 11,150 lb (5,060 kg). Dimensions: Length: 58.2 ft (17.7 m). Height: 15.25 ft (4.64 m). Rotor diameter: 48 ft (14.63 m). Performance: HOGE (IRP) 13,530 ft (4,120 m), twin engine service ceiling (IRP) 20,000 ft (6,100 m), single engine service ceiling (IRP) 12,480 ft (3,600 m), VROC (IRP) 2,530 ft/m (770 m/m), max ROC (IRP) 3,240 ft/m (990 m/m). Max speed: 197 kt (378 km/h), Max Range: 280 m (450 km). Armament: 30 mm Chain Gun cannon with 1,200 rounds, 16 Hellfire semi-active laser guided ATGMs or 76 x 70 mm rockets.

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Mountains, deserts, harsh terrain, unpredictable weather and visibility. There’s only one helicopter strong enough and tough enough to deploy forces, firepower and equipment under such extreme conditions; that’s Chinook. From high altitudes to high heat, day or night, in adverse weather, Chinook delivers what matters most—total confidence.

SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters

Helicopters « SPECIFICATIONS

BOEING AH-64D APACHE LONGBOW

CHANGHE AIRCRAFT INDUSTRIES Z-10 ZHISHENG

US Army says that the D model Apache is 28 times more effective than the AH-64A. Selected as the ‘combat helicopter for the future force’, it looks set to serve for the next 30 years. Combat proven in Op Iraqi Freedom, widely exported. Differences from A model centre on a millimetre wave fire control radar, RF Hellfire missiles, a new NVG compatible integrated cockpit and enhanced digital communications. New Lockheed Martin ‘Arrowhead’ pilotage and targeting now being fitted, along with electronic targeting display. Visually distinguishable from AH-64A by enlarged forward avionics bays and often by mast-mounted Longbow radar ‘doughnut.’ Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700-GE701C turboshafts rated 1,890 shp (1,409 kW) or 2 x Rolls-Royce Turbomeca RTM 322s. Max Gross weight: with maximum internal and external fuel 23,500 lb. Empty weight: 11,800 lb (5,352 kg). Dimensions: Length: 58.2 ft (17.7 m). Height: to top of radome 16.25 ft (3.59 m). Rotor diameter: 48 ft (14.63 m). Performance: HOGE (MRP, standard day) 10,100 ft (3,075 m), HIGE (MRP, standard day) 14,300 ft (4,360 m), VROC (MRP) 1,660 ft/m (505 m/m), max ROC (IRP) 2,530 ft/m (770 m/m), cruise speed (MCP) 143 kt (265 km/h), design limit speed 197 kt (365 km/h). Max Range: on internal fuel 260 m (481 km). Armament: 30 mm Chain Gun® cannon with 1,200 rounds, 16 laser or mmW radar Hellfire ATMs, 4 Stinger or Starstreak airto-air missiles or 76 x 70 mm rockets. Will be a major platform for new Joint Common Missile.

Tandem two-seat attack helicopter under development for the People’s Liberation Army by Changhe Aircraft industries and the China Helicopter Research and Development Institute. Its general appearance and engine ratings suggest an aircraft a little larger and more powerful than a Tiger. The ‘diamond’ fuselage cross section and blending of the stub wing roots into the fuselage suggest efforts to reduce the radar cross section, but the rotor head is exposed and the landing gear is fixed, both features that will produce strong radar returns. In one shot inside a hangar the engine exhausts feature upturned outlets to mix hot gases with rotor wash, reducing the IR signature, but in airborne photos the exit appears to be to the side. Turrets that appear to be pilotage and targeting sensors are mounted on the nose, Apache style. The main rotor has five blades while the tail rotor, mounted scissor style on the right hand side of the vertical stabiliser. The horizontal stabiliser is symmetrical while the lower fin also carries the tail wheel. The slightly forward swept stub wings appear to have two hard points each underneath for large loads and one on each tip, possibly for EW equipment. Powerplant: Two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6C-67Cs rated at 1,531 shp (1,134 kW) each. Armament: Long-barrelled cannon in a chin turret looks beefy enough to be a 30 mm weapon. Some airborne photos show eight slim, tubed missiles, while a hangar shot shows larger, Hellfire-like weapons, probably HJ-10s.

BOEING CH-47F/MH-47G

DENEL AVIATION AH-2 ROOIVALK

The latest US Army Chinook is the CH-47F Improved Cargo Helicopter, mainly remanufactured from earlier models, adding improved avionics, vibration reduction, and T55-GA-714A engines. These will improve performance (especially ‘hot and high’), will enhance lift performance by approximately 3,900 lbs and will reduce operational and support costs to below those of the CH-47D while providing another 20 years of service. Seats two cockpit crew and 33 troops or 24 litters. The US Army will convert its entire fleet of 397 CH-47D Chinooks to CH-47F standards, and will also procure at least 55 additional new-build CH-47Fs. The first production CH-47F rolled out in June 2006. The MH-47G Service Life Extension Program is the special operations version, with AAR capability, extra internal fuel, additional surveillance sensors, and defensive/survivability equipment, a dual embedded Global Positioning System, and various advanced datalinks. Some 61 MH-47Gs will replace Task Force 160’s 34 MH-47D and E models. The first was redelivered to the Night Stalkers in May 2004 and about 30 are now in service. Powerplant: 2 x 4,868 shp Honeywell T55-GA-714A engines. Max gross weight: 50,000 lb. Payload:(CH-47F) 21,000 lb. Performance at 50,000 lb: SL cruise: 143 kt, Rate of climb: 1,522 ft/min, Range: SL and ISA, 230 nm. Boeing claims a mission radius greater than 400 nm for CH-47F with Robertson extended range fuel tank.

Tandem-seat attack helicopter developed by South Africa’s Denel Aviation for the SAAF, using Puma dynamics. 12 aircraft delivered, equipping No.16 squadron. Optimised for NOE operation, by day and night and in bad weather. Low crew workload is claimed thanks to its flying qualities, glass cockpits with automation, helmet-mounted sight and display system, and low vibration. Designed to perform its mission at 8,000 ft density altitude. Engines provide increased OEI capabilities, and include intake air filters and infra-red suppressors as standard. Optimised for low maintenance and minimum infrastructure. Production complete and development abandoned after failure to win Turkish order. No further orders reported or likely. Production line turned over to A109 LUH. Powerplant: 2 x Turbomeca Makila 1K2 turboshafts developing 2,243 kW take-off rating. OEI 30 sec super contingency rating 1,573 kW. Max take-off weight: 8,750 kg. Performance: Cruise speed (anti-tank configuration): 140 kt (259 km/h). Max sideways speed: 50 kt. Max range (internal fuel): 380 nm (703 km), (external fuel): 680 nm (1,260 km). Max hover ceiling: OGE: 17,900 ft, IGE: 19,200 ft. Excess hover power margin: +39% (OGE - sea level). Armament: Articulated, dual-feed 20 mm cannon. Up to 16 Mokopa missiles. Ability to fire Hellfire and HOT. Up to 76 rockets of 70 mm calibre (FZ 90). Up to 4 Mistral AAMs on the two outboard stations.

BOEING CH‑47SD (Super D) CHINOOK

ENSTROM F28F and 280FX

Produced for various military and civilian configurations for the US Army and widely exported. More than 600 are in service around the world. Launched CH-47SD (Super D) configuration for international customers in 1998 incorporating several advanced systems to improve reliability and economy, including an advanced digital cockpit. New cockpit features full colour multifunction displays and electronic flight instruments. Benefits include reduced workloads for aircrew and maintenance personnel and the flexibility to incorporate future technology improvements. Upgraded RNLAF Chinooks are the first to incorporate a similar new advanced cockpit. Powerplant: 2 x AlliedSignal Lycoming T55--GA-714A turboshafts rated at 4,075 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 54,000 lb (24,493 kg). Empty weight: 25,463 lb (11,549 kg). Useful load: 28,537 lb (12,943 kg). External Dimensions: Length: 52 ft (15.9 m). Height: 18.7 ft (5.68 m). Rotor diameter: 60 ft (18.29 m). Internal Dimensions: Length: 30 ft (9.1 m). Width: 7.5 ft (2.3 m). Height: 6.5 ft (1.9 m). Performance: Vmcp: 155 kt (287 km/h). Range, SL and ISA: 252 nm (1,208 km). HIGE: 9,307 ft (2,837 m). HOGE: 5,492 ft (1,674 m). Armament: Door and ramp-mounted machine guns of various types are often fitted, some with laser aiming devices.

The F28F and 280FX are light observation and training helicopters in service with the Colombian Air Force plus the Chilean and Peruvian armies. Powered by turbo-charged piston engines, these two-seat machines are designed to provide a combination of high performance and low operating costs. A standard throttle correlator helps to provide positive training transfer to larger, more complex, turbine-engined helicopters.Powerplant: Single AlliedSignal Lycoming HIO-360-F1AD 4-cyl, air cooled, turbocharged piston engine rated at 225 hp. Gross weight: 2,600 lb (1,179.36 kg). Empty weight: 1,570 lb (712.15 kg). Dimensions: Length: 29.3 ft (8.93 m). Rotor diameter: 32 ft (9.75 m ). Height: 9 ft (2.743 m). Performance: Vne 102 kt (188.9 kph), service ceiling 12,000 ft (3,657 m), OGE hover ceiling 8,700 ft (2,651 m). Range: 300 statute miles (482.8 km). Armament: None.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters EUROCOPTER SA 330 PUMA Battlefield utility helicopter originally built for French Army, French Air Force and RAF, now in service with around 34 countries. No longer built or marketed by Eurocopter, Puma is built in Romania by IAR as the IAR 330L. Romanian SOCAT is an upgraded Puma with a state-of-the-art attack helicopter mission system from Elbit in Israel. Denel’s Oryx is another upgraded Puma developed for the South African Air Force and offered internationally as a utility machine or a gunship. Oryx has Topaz engines optimised for hot, high and dusty conditions. Seats two crew and up to 21 troops. RAF considering upgrade to ‘Puma Gold’ or HC.Mk 2 standard to extend life beyond 2017. Original AS330: Powerplant: 2 x Turbomeca Turmo turboshafts of various marks. Max gross weight: 16,325 lb (7,400 kg). Empty weight: 7,970 lb (3,615 kg). Length: 59.65 ft (18.22 m). Height: 14.9 ft (4.54 m). Rotor diameter: 49.74 ft (15.08 m). Performance at 7,400 kg in ISA: Max speed: 142 kt (263 kph). HOGE: 5,580 ft (2,300 m). HIGE: 7,545 ft (2,300 m). Armament: Machine guns, turreted cannon on SOCAT Puma, rockets, ATGMS.

EUROCOPTER AS 532 COUGAR UE is the basic version with a long fuselage, marketed for tactical transport and logistical support missions. SC is the navalized version intended for anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare. UC is the short utility version for tactical transport and external load carrying. AC and AL are armed versions which can be equipped with pod-mounted cannons, rocket launchers and side firing cannon. UL is the medium tonnage tactical transport. The first of 12 AS 532 AL Cougars was handed over to the Bulgarian Air Force in August 06, part of a deal worth €360 million also involving 6 AS565MB Panthers, improving the Bulgarian Air Force’s interoperability with its NATO partners. Powerplant: 2 x Turbomeca Makila 1A1 turboshafts rated at 1,819 shp for take-off. Gross weight: 19,840 lb (9,000 kg), Empty weight: ranging from UC 9,622 lb (4,365 kg) to SC 10,048 lb (4,558 kg). Sling load: 9,920 lb (4,500 kg). Dimensions: Length: short versions 50.95 ft (15.53 m), long versions 53.44 ft (16.29 m). Height: 16.14 ft (4.92 m). Rotor diameter: 51.18 ft (15.6 m). Performance: Fast cruise speed: ranging from SC 233 kph (126 kt) to UC/AC/UL/AL 258 km/h (139 kt).Armament: Machine guns, cannon and rockets, Exocet anti-ship missiles, radar, torpedoes.

EUROCOPTER AS 550 C3 FENNEC Light, seven-seat, single-turbine helicopter derived from the AS 350 B3, but with reinforcement for installation of weapon stub wings built in at manufacture. Originally designed for observation missions, commando transport and sling load operations, it can be converted into a gunship. Operated as anti-tank aircraft with HeliTOW system by Denmark, as a basic trainer by the UK (using the civilian Squirrel name) and in a variety of roles by many other nations. Saudi Arabia ordered some 32 Fennecs during 2006. Extensive use of composites in cabin structure, Starflex rotor head and blades. Powerplant: Turbomeca Arriel 2B developing 847 shp and fitted with FADEC. Max weight: 4,960 lb (2,250 kg), 6,172 lb (2,800 kg) with external load. Fast Cruise: 136 kt (253 km/h) Range: at max weight 350 nm (648 km). Armament: Can carry 20 mm cannon, rockets or machine guns. Anti-tank configuration equipped with TOW missiles and Helitow sighting system, or Rafael Spike ER fibre-optic guided missiles.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters EUROCOPTER AS555 FENNEC 2 Twin-engined version of the Fennec. AS555UN is the utility machine intended for recce/observation missions, used by French forces for IFR training, good hot and high performance from Turbomeca Arrius engines. AS555AN is the armed version qualified to fire cannon, rockets and machine guns. UN and AN can carry a pilot and up to 5 troops or a 2,500 lb (1,134 kg) sling load. AS555MN is the basic naval version for maritime surveillance and over-the-horizon targeting for warships. AS 555SN is the maritime variant ordered for the Royal Malaysian Navy (6) in 2001 for training and surveillance/OTHT roles. MN and SN can take a pilot and up to 3 troops or the same sling load as the UN/AN variants. Powerplant: 2 x Turbomeca Arrius TM319 1A1 turboshafts with a super contingency rating of 520 shp (388 kW). Gross weight: 5,600 lb (2,540 kg) or 5,732 lb (2,600 kg) with external load. Dimensions: Length: 35.8 ft (10.93 m). Height: 10.96 ft (3.34 m). Rotor diameter: 35 ft (10.69 m). Performance: Fast cruise speed at max gross weight 118 kt (220 km/h), max range with max gross weight take-off 386 nm (715 km). Armament: Pod or pintle mounted machine guns, 20 mm cannon, rockets, TOW anti‑tank missiles, ASW torpedo.

EUROCOPTER AS565 PANTHER Intermediate-sized turbine-powered twin derived from civil Dauphin. The UB version is for light tactical transport and casualty-carrying missions. The SB is an armed navalized version for anti-surface vessel attack antisubmarine warfare, or SAR. Features a four-bladed Starflex composite rotor head, composite main rotor blades and a Fenestron fan-in-fin antitorque and yaw control system. Saudi Arabia ordered four for CSAR duties during 2006. The EC155/AS 565 Panther forms the basis of the Korean Helicopter Program (KHP) utility helicopter, 245 of which are due to be built from 2011. Powerplant: 2 x Turbomeca Arriel 2C turboshafts developing 977 shp. Gross weight: 9,480 lb (4,300 kg). Empty weight: 5,082 lb (2,305 kg). Dimensions: Length: 39.73 ft (12.11 m). Height: 13.02 ft (3.97 m). Rotor diameter: 39.17 ft (11.94 m). Performance: Max speed: 148 kt, Range: 440 nm (814 km). Armament: Battlefield – podded 20 mm cannon, rockets and machine guns. ASW – 2 torpedoes & MAD or 1 torpedo & dipping sonar, ASV versions 4 ‑AS15TT missiles & Agrion radar.

UNRIVALLED PROTECTION Wallop Defence Systems is the world's foremost producer of MTV Infra-Red Decoy Flares, Dual-Spectral Decoy Flares, Radar Countermeasure Chaff, Naval Decoy Systems and Pyrotechnic Signalling Systems. Our UK facilities are on the leading edge of design, development and manufacture of countermeasure products for military application.

EUROCOPTER EC 120 New generation light single-engined turbine powered helicopter marketed for training, observation and utility missions. High performance, low maintenance costs and low noise are selling points. Features three-bladed Spheriflex fully articulated main rotor and new quiet Fenestron antitorque system. Good lead-in trainer for larger modern types. Seats five. Now in service with the Spanish armed forces as a basic trainer. The first of 10 EC120 Light Sign Cutters ordered by the US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) service was delivered in July 06. Powerplant: 1 x 504 shp (376 kW) Turbomeca Arrius 2F turboshaft. Gross weight: 3,750 lb (1,700 kg). Empty weight: 1,929 lb (875 kg). Dimensions: Length: 31.5 ft (9.6 m). Rotor diameter: 32.81 ft (10 m). Performance: Max cruise speed: 124 kt (230 kph). Typical Range: 395 nm (732 km). Armament: None publicised so far.

Wallop Defence Systems Ltd , Hampshire, United Kingdom www.wallopdefence.com [email protected]

Esterline Defense Group , Corporate Headquarters, California, USA www.armtecdefense.com [email protected]

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters

Helicopters « SPECIFICATIONS

EUROCOPTER EC 635

EUROCOPTER UH-72A LAKOTA

Light utility variant of the EC135 light twin. A mock-up, with a full weapons fit, was shown for the first time at Eurosatory ’98. Advanced systems include the composite flex-beam FVW rotor head with four composite blades and the ‘quiet’ Fenestron with unequally spaced blades and sound attenuation chambers in the fin. Accommodates one pilot and seven or eight soldiers or two pilots and six or seven soldiers. Avionics options include a Thales Meghas glass cockpit or conventional electromechanical instrument displays, with EW suite. The German Army Aviation School at Buckeburg has been operating 14 EC635s since 2000 and logged its 30,000th hour on them in August 2006. The Royal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF) ordered four in January, enlarging its operational fleet of EC635s. Switzerland ordered 20 in April 06, 18 EC635 for utility and advanced training missions and two civil EC135s for VIP/ parliamentarian transport missions. The first of these flew for the first time on 23 May 2007. Powerplant: 2 x Turbomeca Arrius 2B1 at 750 shp or 2 x Pratt & Whitney at 732 shp. Gross weight: 6,250 lb (2,835 kg). Sling load capacity: 3,000 lb (1,360 kg) Length: 33.5 ft (10.20 m). Height: 11.9 ft (3.62 m). Rotor diameter: 33.5 ft (10.2 m). Max speed: 138 kt (256 km/ h). Range: 365 nm (675 km). Armament: Proposed with full weapon system capability. Weapons tested in 2001 include FN HMP400 gun pod, GIAT NC 621 20 mm cannon and 12-shot 70 mm rocket launcher.

Militarised version of the civil/parapublic EC-145 selected to meet the US Army’s Light Utility Helicopter requirement, aimed at replacing most US Army UH-1s and OH-58A/Cs. Produced and supported by a team consisting of Eurocopter, Sikorsky (contractor logistics support), WestWind Technologies (rapid systems integration) and CAE (simulation and training) the UH-72A will be acquired as a Commercial-Off-the-Shelf (COTS)/NonDevelopmental Item (NDI) aircraft that is already Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) Type Standard Certified. The aircraft is expected to enter service by 30 October 2008. EC-145 is a substantially upgraded variant of the proven BK-117 family. It features the semi-rigid ‘System Bolkow’ rotor derived from the Bo-105. Can seat two pilots and up to eight passengers (although parapublic version shows six crashworthy troop seats). Clamshell doors and high tail rotor allow loading from rear of cabin as well as via large sliding doors on both sides. Airframe, systems and seating meet the latest civil crashworthiness standards. . Powerplant: 2 x 738 shp (take-off) Turbomeca ARRIEL 1E2 turboshafts. Maximum speed (Vne) at SL: 145 kt. Hover ceiling IGE: 11,300 ft. Hover ceiling: OGE 9,000 ft. Range at SL: 370 nm. Maximum take-off weight: 7,903 lb. Maximum weight with external load: 7,903 lb. Useful load: 3,953 lb. Length (rotor rotating): 42.7 ft. Fuselage length: 33.4 ft. Height: 11.3 ft. Fuselage width: 5.7 ft. Main rotor diameter: 36.1 ft. Tail rotor diameter: 6.4 ft.

EUROCOPTER EC655 TIGER

EUROMIL MI-38

Attack helicopter developed for French and German armies and also selected by Spain and Australia. All-composite airframe and rotors, NVGcompatible glass cockpit with colour screens, FADEC-controlled engines with IR suppressors. The German multi-role UHT features the Osiris mastmounted sight with 2nd generation thermal imager, TV camera and laser rangefinder. France’s HAD variant features the Stryx roof-mounted sight with thermal imager, TV camera, direct view telescope and laser rangefinder. Engine and weapon system upgrades turned the HAP into the HAD with a higher gross weight. The first serial UH Tiger was handed over to the German Army on April 6, 2005. So far, four countries have ordered a total of 206 Tigers, and by June 2006, 28 production Tigers were flying. Powerplant: 2 x MTU/Turbomeca/Rolls‑Royce MTR 390 turboshafts rated at 1,284 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 11,687 lb‑12,789 lb (5,300 kg‑5,800 kg). Alternative gross weight: 6,000 kg (13,250 lb). Empty weight: 7,275 lb (3,300 kg). Dimensions: Length: (rotors turning) 51.89 ft (15.82 m). Height: (tail rotor turning) 14.17 ft (4.32 m). Rotor diameter: 42.64 ft (13 m). Performance: Max speed: 140 kt (260 km/h), mission endurance 2 hr 50 min. Armament: Typical anti‑tank load: 2 x 4 TRIGAT LR or Hellfire anti‑tank missiles, 4 x air‑to‑air missiles. Typical escort/combat support load: 30 mm turret‑mounted cannon, 4 x air‑to‑air missiles, 2 x 22 rockets. Typical multi-role load: 4 x ATGMs, 22 rockets, podded 12.7 mm gun, 2 AAMs.

New, EH-101-sized medium twin developed to meet both Russian and Western (FAR-29 and JAR-29) certification standards as well as military requirements. Conventional pod-and-boom configuration similar to a scaled down Mil Mi-26. Fuselage features rear ramp. Single main rotor has six composite blades with varied twist and swept tips. Titanium rotor head has elastomeric bearings. Two twin-blade tail rotors on same shaft in scissors configuration. New turboshaft engines developed by Pratt & Whitney Canada for Western versions, and modern glass cockpit. Euromil consists of Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant, Kazan Helicopters and Eurocopter. First flew on 22 December 2003. Powerplant: 2 x 2,500 shp (1,863 kW) Klimov TVA-3000 or Pratt & Whitney Russia (a P&WC affiliate) PW-127 TS turboshafts. Gross weight: 15,600 kg (34,392 lb). Max internal load: 5,000 kg (11,023 lb). Max external load: 7,000 kg (15,432 lb). Max/cruise speeds at max gross weight: 275/250 kph (148/135 kt). Hover ceiling: 2,800 m (8,203 ft). Service ceiling: 5,100 m (16,732 ft). Range: 1,300 km (701 nm). Main rotor diameter: 21.1 m (69 ft 2.75 in). Tail rotor diameter: 3.84 m (12 ft 7.25 in). Length (rotors turning): 25.2 m (82 ft 8 in). Fuselage length: 19.95 m (65 ft 5.5 in). Width: 3.17 m (10 ft 4.75 in). Max cabin width: 2.34 m (7 ft 8 in). Max cabin length: 10.7 m (35 ft 1.25 in).

EUROCOPTER EC 725

HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LTD ADVANCED LIGHT HELICOPTER (ALH)

Substantially upgraded Cougar Mk 2 (originally referred to as the Mk 2+) with the five-bladed Spheriflex main rotor hub from the NH90 and new blades with a composite spar and parabolic blade tips with an anhedral profile. More powerful engines drive a new main gearbox with 30-minute run-dry capability. Flew for the first time in November 2000. Avionics centre on a new Integrated Flight and Display System (IFDS) and a fouraxis autopilot. French Air Force has ordered CSAR versions with in-flight refuelling, gun and rocket pods, electro-optical pod. Minimum VFR crew is one pilot, two for IFR. Cabin seats one chief of stick plus 28 troops. Accommodates up to 12 stretchers and four seats in casevac role. Civilian equivalent is the EC 225. The French Air Force is the launch customer and will ultimately operate six of them for CSAR missions. The French Army will acquire eight for its Special Operations Squadron. Powerplant: 2 x 1,800 kW (2,413 shp) - emergency rating - Turbomeca Makila 2A turboshafts. Dimensions: Length: 55.08 ft (18.79 m). Rotor diameter: 53.14 ft (16.2 m). Height: 16.3 ft (4.97 m). MTOW with internal payload 11,000 kg (24,265 lb). MTOW with external payload 11,200 kg (24,691 lb). Fast cruise speed [at 9,750 kg (21,495 lb) at 3,000 ft in ISA +20°C] 160 kt. Max range at MTOW: 783 nm. Armament: Can be fitted with podded 20 mm guns, 68 mm rocket launchers as well as cabin-mounted machine guns.

Multi‑role helicopter developed for India’s Army, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard with technical support from Eurocopter Deutschland. Hingeless four-blade FEL (Fibre ELastomer) composite main rotor design based on similar to that of Eurocopter Tiger. Now in service in small numbers with each service. Airframe and rotors largely composite, crashworthy seats, sliding side doors and large rear clamshell doors, cockpit NVG compatible. Army and Air Force versions have skid landing gear. Naval and civil ALH have tricycle retractable undercarriage. Naval aircraft has DRDOdeveloped SV2000 radar, indigenous sonar and FLIR. Blade folding fitted to naval variant. The up-engined, weaponised Dhruv first flew on 16 August 2007. Powerplant: 2 x 1,000 shp Turbomeca TM 333 turboshaft engines, later examples will have Turbomeca Ardiden engines rated at 1,200 shp (900 kW) Gross weight: 12,125 lb (5,590 kg). Empty weight: 5,511 lb (2,500 kg). Dimensions: Main rotor diameter: 43.3 ft (13.2 m). Tail rotor diameter: 8.3 ft (2.55 m). Length: (rotors turning) 52 ft (15.87 m). Height: 16.11 ft (4.91 m). Performance: Cruise speed 155 mph (250 km/ h), max continuous speed 174 mph (280 km/h), Vne 189 mph (305 km/h). Range: with 20 min reserve 558.9 miles (900 km), endurance with 20 min reserve 4.20 hrs. Armament: 20 mm turreted gun, 4 x ATGMs, 2 x 68 mm rocket pods, 2 x AAMs, land mines, naval version could carry 2 x homing torpedoes or 2 x depth charges or up to 4 x anti‑ship missiles.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters

Helicopters « SPECIFICATIONS

HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LTD (HAL) CHEETAH/LANCER

KAMOV KA‑27/28/29/31 HELIX

Indian licence-built version of Aerospatiale’s SA-315B Lama specially developed for high altitude operations; still holds world record for highest altitude (12,442 m) for any class of helicopter. Seating for pilot and 4 passengers. Used in high altitude observation, rescue and close air support roles. Lancer is a light attack version with composite armour protection for crew seats, control linkages and fuel tank. Upgraded version with Turbomeca Arrius engine is called Chetal and offers much greater high altitude performance. Powerplant: Turbomeca Artouste IIIB (also made by HAL). Gross weight: 4,300 lb (1,950 kg), Empty weight: 2,425 lb (1,100 kg). Dimensions: Length: 33.62 ft (10.236 m), Height: 10.15 ft (3.090 m). Rotor diameter: 36.2 ft (11.02m). Performance: Max speed: 117 kt (210 kph). Range: (302.3 nm) 560 km.Armament: 2 x pintle-mounted Light Machine Guns or two jettisonable gun/ rocket pods each carrying a 12.7 mm gun and three 70 mm rockets on Lancer version.

Heavy maritime helicopter has coaxial rotor system and no tail rotor. Entered in service in 1981. Helicopter has ASW role, crew of 3, powerful radar, dipping sonar, sonobuoys, magnetic detector. KA-27PS (HELIX-D) is equipped for SAR with ‘Osminog’ radar beacon receiver, search radio compass, life-rafts and medical equipment. KA-28 is export ASW version. Ka-29 is assault transport. KA-31 is airborne warning and control radar helicopter. Optional equipment: emergency floats, 300 kg hoist, external sling 5,000 kg. External sling up to 7,000 kg and larger volume cabin are under development. Aircraft and all modifications exported to at least 16 countries including India, Serbia, the Republic of Korea and the People’s Republic of China. Crew: 3. Powerplant: 2 x Klimov TV3-117VMA turboshaft rated at 2,200 shp for take-off. Take-off weight: 11,000 kg. Dimensions: Length (with folded blades) 12.25m. Height 5.45 m. Rotors diameter 15.9 m. Performance: Vmax 270 km/h. HOGE: 3,700 m. Range: 700 km (KA-28 - 1240). Armament: 1 x homing torpedo, 1 x torpedo rocket, 10 x PLAB 250-120 bombs, 2 x OMAB bombs claimed.

HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LTD (HAL) CHETAK

KAMOV KA-50 BLACK SHARK

Indian licence‑built version of Aerospatiale’s dated but reliable SA 316B Alouette III. Seating for pilot and 6 passengers. Used in the training and light observation naval and close air support roles. Upgraded version with Turbomeca Arrius engine is called Chetan and offers much greater high altitude performance. Powerplant: Artouste III B (also manufactured by HAL). Gross weight: 4,850 lb (2,200 kg). Empty weight: 2,712 lb (1,230 kg). Dimensions: Length: 33.4 ft (10.17 m). Height: 9.8 ft (3.09 m). Rotor diameter: 36.2 ft (11.02 m). Performance: Max speed: 117 kt (210 km/h). Range: 257.5 nm (477 km). Armament: 2 x Mk 46 torpedoes or 1 x torpedo and MAD; 2 x light machine guns; AS11 or AS12 air‑to‑surface missiles.

Single-seat attack helicopter in service with Russian Army. Coaxial rotor system. No tail rotor. Armoured cockpit is able to withstand a hit from a 23 mm shell; pilot ejection system (with rotor blade jettison) effective even at very low altitude and maximum speed; all-weather, day and night targeting and control system and weaponry enable accurate target engagement at ranges up to 10 km; equipped with downlink to provide information from the battlefield; unique manoeuvrability and operating characteristics due to the contra-rotating rotor system. Previously known as ‘Werewolf’ or by NATO code name ‘Hokum’. Combat tested in Chechnya by Russian Army in 2002. Expected to be ordered in small numbers for Special Forces support. Powerplant: 2 x Klimov TV3-117VMA turboshaft rated at 2,200 shp for take-off. Normal take-off weight: 9,800 kg. Max take-off weight: 10,800 kg. Empty weight: 6,692 kg. Max useful load: 2,560 kg. Dimensions: Length: 13.5 m. Length (with rotor turning): 15.9 m. Main rotor diameter: 14.5 m. Height: 4.9 m. Performance: Vmax 310 km/h; HOGE 4,400 m. ROC (at 2,500m) 9.5 m/sec. Cruise speed: 270 km/h. Diving speed: 390 km/h. G-load: 3.5. Range: 545 km. Armament: 12 x Vikhr supersonic ATGMs with 8,000 m range, 950 mm armour penetration; 1 x 2A42 30 mm movable gun with 450 rounds, 4,000 m range; 80 x 80 mm rockets or 10 x 122 mm rockets; 4 x Igla B IR homing AAMS.

KAMAN SH‑2G SUPER SEASPRITE

KAMOV KA-52 ALLIGATOR

Upgraded version of SH-2F Seasprite. Features Kaman’s patented servo flap main rotor control system. International versions of the aircraft include the AQS-18(A) equipped SH-2G(E) operated by Egypt. The Australian Super Seasprite is a rebuilt and extensively modernised ex-USN aircraft, and features the Penguin Missile system and an advanced Integrated Tactical Avionics System. Radar, FLIR, ESM and acoustic data processor. Running six years late, the programme was saved in 2007 when a further 29 month upgrade was commissioned. The new-build Royal New Zealand Navy SH-2G emphasises Anti-Surface Warfare and employs the Maverick missile system. Both aircraft will use the APS-143 Radar as the primary targeting and navigation sensor. Four operated by the Polish Navy transferred to Poland with Perry Class frigates and on offer to Romania with a proposed integrated mission system from BAE Systems. Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700‑GE‑401 turboshafts rated at 1,723 shp. Gross weight: 14,200 lb (6,441 kg). Crew: 1 pilot, 1 TACCO/co-pilot, 1 sonar operator (optional), up to 8 fully armed troops. Useful load: 5,070 lb (2,296 kg). External hook capacity: 4,000 lb (1,814 kg). Dimensions: Length: 52.5 ft (16 m). Height: 13.38 ft (4.14 m). Rotor diameter: 44.0 ft (13.41 m). Performance: Max speed: 150 kt (278 km/h). IGE Hover: 17,600 ft (5,364 m). Max Range: 540 nm (621 km). Endurance: 5.3 hours. Armament: 2 x Mk46 ASW torpedoes or 2 x Mk50 ALWT, 2 x 7.62 mm door guns.

Multi-purpose all-weather day and night combat helicopter, designated for the battle management coordination and target acquisition for other helicopters over a battlefield, air-to-air, air-to-surface, reconnaissance and radio jamming missions. Airframe is similar to KA-50 except two-seat (side by side) cockpit. Coaxial rotor system. No tail rotor. The KA-52 carried the same type of weapons and combat survivability systems as the KA-50, including Zvezda K-37 ejection system allowing both pilots to eject simultaneously. Kamov says that the avionics suite consists of a multiplexed , multi-level digital computer based system with large storage capacity and hight speed. Observation, search and targeting systems include optical, TV, laser, IR and radar equipment and a helmet-mounted display. Erdogan was a tandem-seat joint Russian/Israeli development using IAI Lahav avionics and other Israeli weapon systems, originally aimed at Turkish AH requirement, now marketed more widely. Main technical specifications similar to KA-50 except. Take-off weight: 10,400 kg. Length: 13.5m. HOGE: 4,000 m. ROC 8.0 m/sec. Armament: 12 x Vikhr supersonic ATGMs with 8,000 m range, 950 mm armour penetration; 1 x 2A42 30 mm movable gun with 450 rounds, 4,000 m range; 80 x 80 mm rockets or 10 x 122 mm rockets; 4 x Igla B IR homing AAMS. All except the gun, which is mounted on the right hand side of the fuselage, are carried on six stub-wing-mounted pylons, as per the Ka-50.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters

Helicopters « SPECIFICATIONS

KAMOV KA-60 KASATKA

MD HELICOPTERS MD 500E/530F/520N DEFENDER

6.5 tonne, 16 place utility and tactical transport helicopter that makes use of state-of-the-art technologies and materials including composites in the fuselage and rotor systems and modular, FADEC-controlled engines. First flew 10 December 1998, intended as Mi-8 replacement for Russian air forces, Army Aviation, Border Police and other agencies. Only eight in service with Russian air forces. The four composite main rotor blades are attached to the hub by torsion bars. Fan-in-fin anti-torque rotor has 11 blades. Duplication and separation of main systems, rotor controls that can take 12.7 mm hits and low signatures enhance survivability. Fuel tanks are filled with explosion suppressing foam. Crew and troop seats are crashworthy, as is wheeled landing gear. Pilot in command sits on right. Basic avionics suite allows day and night IFR flight. Ka-60K naval and Ka-60R recon versions planned. MTOW: 6,500 kg. Max internal load: 2,000 kg. Max external load: 2,750 kg. Main rotor diameter: 13.8 m. Tail rotor diameter: 1.4 m. Overall length, rotors turning: 15.6 m. Fuselage length: 13.47 m. Overall height: 5.05 m. Cabin dimensions: 3.4 m L x 1.3 m H x 1.78 m W. Max speed: 300 kph. Max cruise: 265 kph. Hover ceiling: 2,000 m. Service ceiling: 5,000 m. Range: 720 km on internal fuel. Powerplant: 2 x 1,300 shp Rybinsk RD 600 turboshafts. RR Turbomeca RTM 322 and GE T700 offered for export variants.

Light scout/attack helicopter derived from the Hughes OH‑6A Cayuse and in widespread service. MD500E with Rolls-Royce Allison 250 C20B engine and MD530F with C30 engine. NOTAR system standard on MD520N, some others have ‘quiet’ tail rotors. MD530F: Powerplant: Rolls-Royce Allison 250 C30 turboshaft rated at 425 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 3,100 lb (1,406 kg). Empty weight: 1,591 lb (722 kg). Dimensions: Length: 32.6 ft (9.93 m). Height: 9.8 ft (2.98 m). Rotor diameter: 27.4 ft (8.34 m). Performance: Max speed: 152 kt (281 km/h), hover ceiling OGE (ISA) 16,000 ft (4,877 m), ROC 2,069 ft/m (10.5 m/sec), service ceiling 18,700 ft (5,700 m). Range: (sea level) 206 nm (381 km). Armament: (AH-6) two 7.62mm mini-guns; two seven-shot 2.75-inch rocket pods mounted on a custom-built unitary mounting system; .50 calibre machine guns; and Hellfire missiles. Some of these aircraft have been fitted with nose-mounted sights for special direct action missions.

KAWASAKI OH-1 ‘NINJA’

MD HELICOPTERS 600N

Tandem, two-seat armed reconnaissance helicopter for Japan Ground Self Defence Force to replace OH-6D. Longer, but smaller and lighter than AW‘s A129 Mangusta, XOH-1 (OH-X) prototype first flew in August 1996, mock-up first revealed in September 1994. Small stub wings have one pylon each for two pairs of air-to-air missiles. Four-blade, bearingless main rotor with composite blades, composite fan-in-fin anti-torque rotor with eight unevenly spaced blades. Undercarriage fixed. Roof-mounted sight houses IR camera, TV camera, laser rangefinder. IR jammer and RWR shown on some prototypes. Ballistic tolerance, crashworthy seating and wire cutters are all featured. Japan’s Technical Research and Development Institute has awarded contracts worth around 80 billion yen to prime contractor Kawasaki, which has 60% of the programme, Fuji (20%) and Mitsubishi (20%). Known in Japan as Shin-Kogata Kansoku (meaning new small observation helicopter), where some 180-200 aircraft are required to replace 297 OH-6Ds, and where four aircraft have now entered service. Powerplant: 2 x 950 shp Mitsubishi MG-5 turboshafts. Gross weight: 3,500 to 4,000 kg. Empty weight: 2,500 kg. Rotor diameter: 11.6 m. Length: 13.4 m. Height: 3.8 m. Max level speed: about 260 kph (140 kt). Combat radius: about 200 km (108 nm). Range: about 550 km (297 nm).Armament: Four Toshiba Type 91 light air-to-air missiles admitted to, podded guns, rockets, ATGMS likely, turret gun possible.

Stretched MD520N with space for eight passenger seats, eight main rotor blades instead of seven, a higher gross weight and a more powerful engine that provides good hot and high performance and a high cruising speed. The 600N uses the NOTAR anti-torque system that improves safety and resistance to battle damage. Lack of hydraulics eases maintenance. Needs stability augmentation system to reduce pilot workload. Rotor diameter: 27.5 ft (8.4 m). Fuselage length: 30.5 ft (9.3 m). Overall length: 36.9 ft. Powerplant:1 x 808 shp (derated to 600 shp for take-off, 530 shp max continuous) Rolls-Royce (Allison) 250-C47 turboshaft. Empty weight: 2,100 lb (952.5 kg). Max take-off weight: 4,100 lb (1,860 kg) or 4,700 lb (2,132 kg) with hook load. Useful load: 2,000 lb (907 kg) or 2,600 lb (1,179 kg) with hook load. Cabin length: 10.5 ft (3.2 m). Cabin width: 4.6 ft (1.4 m). Cabin height: 5 ft (1.52 m). HIGE: 11,100 ft (3,383 m). HOGE: 6,000 ft (1,828 m). Max cruise speed: 134 kt (248 kph) at 4,100 lb. Range: 380 nm (704 km).Armament: Options based on those offered for Little Birds and Combat Explorer.

KAZAN HELICOPTERS ANSAT

MD HELICOPTERS COMBAT EXPLORER

A light multi-purpose twin engine helicopter able to carry up to 6 fully equipped troops. Will be utilised in combat SAR, a ground-support gunship and command and control platform. Now engaged in its flight test programme, having flown for the first time on 17 August 1999, the Ansat was designed to meet FAR-29 standards and scheduled to receive Russian certification in the second half of 2002. Ansat is the first production light helicopter with fly-by-wire controls. Dual control Ansat UT selected in late-2001 by the Russian defence ministry as the new basic trainer for the armed forces, numbers and delivery schedules not specified. A narrow fuselage tandem two-seat Ansat 2RT reconnaissance version was shown in mock-up form at MAKS 2001 airshow in Moscow. Rotor Diameter: 37.74 ft (11.5 m). Fuselage Length: 37.87 ft (11.538 m). Overall Length: 45.19 ft (13.768 m). Powerplant: 2 x Pratt & Whitney/Klimov PW207K turboshafts. Max Take-Off Weight: 7,277 lb (3,300 kg). Max Speed: (approx) 285 km/p. Range (empty): 620 km. Cabin Dimensions: Length: 3.5 m. Max Width: 1.68 m. Max Height: 1.3 m. Volume: 7.64 m3.

Military version of new technology light twin. Tailboom incorporates NOTAR anti-torque system. Key features include a cabin for eight troops, a broad range of weapons packages, low radar and noise signatures, ability to mount mast, roof or chin sights. Used (as the MH-90) by the US Coast Guard’s Helicopter Interdiction Tactical Squadron Ten (Hitron 10) for drug interdiction from late 1998. Unsuccessfully offered to meet US Army ARH and LUH requirements, but now in service with the Mexican Navy in ship-based anti-smuggling operations. Powerplant: 2 x 710 shp (529 kW) Pratt & Whitney Canada PW 207E turboshafts. Gross weight: 6,000 lb (2,722 kg), ‘operational weight’ 6,900 lb (3,100 kg). Empty weight: (standard configuration) 3,265 lb (1,461 kg). Dimensions: Length: (rotors turning) 38.83 ft (11.84 m). Height: 12 ft (3.66 m), Rotor diameter: 33.83 ft (10.34 m). Performance (at normal gross weight with P&W engines): Max cruise speed: 134 kt (248 kph) Max Range: (at 5,000 ft or 1,524 m, ISA) 293 nm (543 km) max endurance under same conditions 3.0-3.35 hr. HOGE in ISA 10,200 ft (3,109 m), HIGE in ISA 12,600 ft (3,179 m), twin engine service ceiling 18,650 ft (5,685 m). Armament: All six Mexican Navy Combat Explorers are outfitted with 70 mm rocket pods and GAU-19/A .50 calibre Gatling guns. The MD Combat Explorer may also be equipped with M-134 7.62 Miniguns, M2 .50 calibre machine guns, Hellfire laser-guided, and Rafael N-TD missiles.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters MIL (ULAN UDE) MI-8T (HIP) Tough, battle-proven medium utility helicopter built in huge numbers for Soviet forces and client states and deployed in a wide variety of rolespecific variants. Designed by Mil, now manufactured by Ulan Ude Aviation Association in the city of Ulan Ude in eastern Russia as modernised Mi-8T, to which specs below apply. Five blade main rotor is attached to conventional fully articulated head and features a pendulum damper that smooths vibration and increases engine life to claimed 20,000 hours. Large (5.34 x 2.34 x 1.80 m) cabin features clamshell rear doors and can carry 4,000 kg, 24 passengers or 12 stretcher cases. Fitted with 150 kg capacity winch. Powerplant: 2x 1,923 shp (1,434 kW) Klimov TV2-117A turboshafts. Rotor diameter: 69 ft 10.25 in (21.29 m). Overall length, rotors turning: 82 ft 9.75 in (25.24 m). Overall height: 18 ft 6.5 in (5.65 m). MTOW: 12,000 kg (26,455 lb) for VTO. Max level speed: 140 kt (260 kph) at 1,000 m altitude and 11,100 kg normal all-up weight. HOGE: 2,785 ft (850 m) at normal AUW. HIGE: 5,905 ft (1,800 m) at normal AUW. Range: 229 nm (425 km) with 24 pax, standard fuel, 20 min reserves, 1,000 m altitude. Armament: Numerous options including AGTMs, rockets, pintle-mounted and podded machine guns, mines.

MIL Mi‑14 (HAZE) Medium sized maritime helicopter derived from the successful Mi‑8/17 Hip. Boat-hull fuselage gives ability to land on water. Haze‑A is ASW version, Haze B is fitted for mine countermeasures, Haze C is an SAR machine with double width sliding door and retractable hoist. Search lights on either side of the nose. Export customers include Bulgaria, Cuba, Libya, Poland, Romania, Syria, Yugoslavia and North Korea. Seating for 4‑5 crew. Firefighting conversion with internal water and retardant tanks marketed by German company Aerotec. Powerplant: 2 x Klimov TV3‑117M turboshafts rated at 1,900 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 30,865 lb (14,000 kg). Dimensions: Length: 70 ft (18.3 m). Height: 15.6 ft (4.75 m). Rotor diameter: 69.7 ft (21.29 m). Performance: Max speed: 124 kt (230 km/h). Typical Range: 850 km (30 min reserves). Max fuel: 612 nm (1,135 km). Service ceiling: 4,000 m. Armament: ASW homing torpedoes, mines, depth charges carried in internal weapons bay; AMCM version tows mine disposal sled.

MIL (KAZAN) Mi‑17 V5/V7 (HIP‑H) Considerably uprated version of Mi‑8 medium multi‑role helicopter with dynamics from the Mi‑14 Haze, tail rotor moved to port side of stabiliser. Seating for 2 to 3 crew and up to 36 passengers. Originally designed by the Mil bureau with Soviet military designation Mi-8MTV, but manufactured by Kazan Helicopters. Ongoing upgrade work at Kazan includes a new APU, more powerful Klimov VK 2500 engines and modern avionics. The new SAFIR APU will allow engine starts at up to 6,000 m (from 4,000) and can work for up to six hours on the ground in generator mode. Kazan worked with Honeywell and Canada‘s Kelowna flight craft on a western avionics suite and with Transas on a Russian suite. The V5 is the current production standard. The new engines, a new main gear box and new composite main and tail rotors will define the V7 version Powerplant: 2 x Klimov TV3‑117VM turboshafts rated at 2,000 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 26,660 lb (13,000 kg). Empty weight: 15,560 lb (7,100 kg). Dimensions: Length: 60.44 ft (18.42 m). Height: 15.6 ft (4.76 m). Rotor diameter: 69.7 ft (21.29 m). Performance: Max speed: 135 kt (250 km/ h) clean. Typical Range: 250 nm (675 km). Armament: 4 x 20 x 80 mm rockets, 7.62 mm machine guns, 4 x GSh‑23 gunpacks.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters

Helicopters « SPECIFICATIONS

MIL (ULAN UDE) Mi-171/Mi-171SH

MIL (Rostvertol) Mi‑28N (HAVOC)

Ulan Ude’s upgraded current production version of the classic Mil Mi-17 design, itself an upgrade of the Mi-8. Mi-171 is a ‘multipurpose transport helicopter’, the 171SH a combat transport. Mi-171 can carry up to 36 fully equipped paratroopers, or 12 stretcher cases, or 4,000 kg of cargo internally or externally. Removal of the clamshell rear doors allows carriage of outsized cargo. The 171SH is distinguished by its weapon systems that include radio command guided ATGMs and IR homing air-toair missiles as well as guns and rockets. Defensive aids include exhaust IR suppressors, chaff and flare dispensers and an omnidirectional IR jammer. It is designed to carry assault troops and provide them with fire support as well as medevac, SAR and CSAR services. Rotor head features distinctive ‘pendulum’ vibration absorber. Upgrade in progress. Powerplant: 2 x 2,200 shp (1,618 kW) Klimov TV3-117VM turboshafts. Weight: 26,660 lb (13,000 kg). Empty weight: 15,560 lb (7,100 kg). Dimensions: Length: 60.44 ft (18.42 m). Height: 15.6 ft (4.76 m). Rotor diameter: 69.7 ft (21.29 m). Performance: Max speed: 135 kt (250 km/h) clean. Typical Range: 250 nm (675 km). Armament: Shturm V radio command guided ATGMs with single (Shturm) and tandem (Ataka) shaped-charge warheads, up to four 20-shot 80 mm rocket pods, door and cockpit mounted machine guns, up to four twin 23 mm gun pods, freefall bombs.

The Mi-28N is a heavily armed and armoured attack helicopter with a 24 hour/adverse weather combat capability and high power to weight ratio. Five-bladed main rotor has composite blades with swept tips, full articulation via elastomeric bearings attached to machined titanium head. ‘Scissor’ tail rotor has two pairs of blades superimposed in flattened X configuration. Stepped tandem cockpits feature flat, armoured transparencies. Cockpit armour (titanium and ceramic) protects crew from 12.7 mm API and (unspecified) 20mm rounds. Structure, landing gear and seats are crashworthy. Fuel system is self-sealing, crashworthy and explosion resistant. AFCS allows automatic NoE flight at night and in adverse weather at altitudes from 15 down to 5 m. In July 2006, Russian defence minister Ivanov announced that the government would buy 7 Mi-28Ns by the end of 2006 and 67 within nine years. Powerplant: 2 x Klimov TV3‑117VMA turboshafts rated at 2,200 shp. Gross weight: 12,100 kg. Empty weight: 7,890 kg. Dimensions: Length: 55.3 ft (17.010 m). Height: 12.53 ft (3.82 m). Rotor diameter: 56 ft (17.2 m). Performance: Max speed: 162 kt (300 km/h). Typical Range: 254 nm (450 km). Armament: NPPU chin turret for 2A42 30 mm cannon with 250 rounds or 2 x UPK-23-250 pods with 23 mm GSh-23L gun (250 rounds), 8 x 9-M-114 Shturm, 8 x 9-M-120 Ataka radio command guided ATGMs, Igla 80 x 80 mm C‑8 rockets or 20 x 130 mm C‑13 rockets, KMGU-2 mine dispensers.

MIL (Rostvertol) Mi‑24/35 (HIND)

NHINDUSTRIES NH90

Formidable anti‑tank, close air support and armed assault helicopter with crew of 3 and cabin for 8 troops. Hind G is dedicated NBC/reconnaissance machine. Mi-35 is latest export variant built by Rostvertol in Rostov-onDon. Upgrade package includes main, tail rotor and transmission components from the Mi‑28, twin‑barrelled 23 mm cannon in the nose turret, 9-M‑114 and/or 9-M-120 anti‑armour missile and Igla air-to-air missiles. Upgrade packages also on offer from SAGEM in France, ATE in South Africa, BAE systems in the UK, Elbit and IAI Tamam in Israel. Powerplant: 2 x Klimov TV3‑117 VMA turboshafts rated at 2,200 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 11,500 kg. Empty weight: 8,400 kg. Dimensions: Length: 55.8 ft (18.57 m). Height: 14 ft (4.25 m). Rotor diameter: 55.8 ft (17 .3m). Performance: Max speed: 178 kt (320 km/h). Typical Range: on internal fuel 243 nm (450 km). Armament: Turreted four‑barrel 12.7 mm gun (Hind E) or fixed twin barrel GSh‑23‑2 or GSh‑30‑2 cannon (Hind F). Six hardpoints for rockets, gunpods, air‑to‑air and anti‑tank missiles. Stubwing Pylons for 8 x Shturm, 8 x Ataka anti-tank missiles and 2 x Igla air-to-air missiles. Laser guided and conventional bombs.

NH90 is a multi-national co-operative programme between France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands to develop and produce tactical transport (TTH) and naval multirole (NFH) helicopters based on a common air vehicle. It is the largest military helicopter programme in Europe, with firm orders for 453 helicopters plus 102 options by mid-2007. Spheriflex composite four-blade rotor, all-composite fuselage with tail ramp, glass cockpit, fly-by-wire controls, pilotage FLIR, defensive aids suite are main features. NHIndustries is a joint venture company between Eurocopter, Agusta and Stork Fokker. The partner nations (Germany, France, Italy and the Netherlands, and later Portugal) ordered 298 aircraft, plus options. Orders placed by ten further nations – Australia, Belgium, Finland, Greece, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Spain, and Sweden. Powerplant: 2 x RTM-322 -01/9 or T700/T6E turboshafts rated at 2,230 max cont SHP. Gross weight: 23,370 lb (10,600 kg), Alternate GW: 24,250 lb (11,000 kg). Empty weight: 14,110 lb (6.400 kg), mission payload up to 10,140 lb (4,600 kg). Dimensions: Length: (rotors turning) 64 ft 2.25 in (19.563 m). Height: 17 ft 10 in (5.44 m). Rotor diameter: 53 ft 6 in (16.3 m). Performance: Max cruising speed: 165 kt (305 km/h). Typical Range: 540 nm (1,000 km). Armament: Lightweight ASW torpedoes, anti-ship missile, pintle-mounted machine guns.

MIL (Rostvertol) Mi‑26T (HALO) Largest operational helicopter in the world, used for transport and heavy lift work. Now marketed as a pure heavy lifter, a refuelling station for difficult locations, an ambulance/flying hospital, and a fire fighter. Equipped with rear loading ramp capable of accepting large vehicles, overhead track‑mounted hoists with 5,510 lb (2,500 kg) capacity. Eight bladed main rotor, five bladed tail rotor. First flew in December 1977. Seating for five crewmembers and up to 85 fully equipped troops or 60 stretchers. Rostvertol is engineering a major upgrade, which involves equipping the helicopter with a new all-weather avionics suite dubbed “Avionics-2000 BREO”; reducing the number of crew members to two persons (chief pilot and co-pilot-navigator); equipping the crew with night vision goggles and making the interior and exterior light NVG compatible. Power plant: 2 x ZMBK Progress D‑136 turboshafts rated at 10,000 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 123,480 lb (56,000 kg). Empty weight: 62,181 lb (28,200 kg). Payload: 44,100 lb (20,000 kg) internal or external. Dimensions: Length: 110.65 ft (33.73 m). Height: 26.72 ft (8.15 m). Rotor diameter: 105 ft (32 m). Performance: Max speed: 159 kt (295 km/h). Typical Range: 432 nm (750 km). Armament: Usually unarmed.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters PZL Mi-2 Light twin-engined helicopter developed over many years. Conventional alloy structure and fully articulated rotor systems. Seating for up to 10 people or smaller number of fully equipped troops. Used in utility, liaison, training, patrol and light attack/escort roles. Armed version designated to operate with ground troops and can be equipped with guns, rockets and missiles. Powerplant: 2 x GTD-350 at 400 shp (295 kW). Fuselage length: 39.2 ft (11.94 m). Overall length: 57.f ft (17.42 m). Rotor diameter: 47.8 ft (14,56 m). Height with tail-rotor running: 14.1 ft (4,29 m). Max take-off weight: 8,157 lb (3,700 kg). Empty weight: 5,313 lb (2,410 kg). Useful load: 2,410 lb (1,290 kg). Max speed: 113 kt (210 km/h). Max cruise speed: 91.8 kt (170 km/h). Max range: 313 nm (580 km). HOGE: 2,953 ft (900 m). HIGE: 5,239 ft (1,600 m). Service ceiling: 13,123 ft (4,000 m). Armament: NS-23 gun, PK guns, rocket launchers type S-5, S-5M, guided missile launchers.

PZL W‑3WA SOKOL Twin‑engined utility and combat support helicopter designed and built in Poland. PZL W‑3A is standard civil version. PZL W‑3RM Anakonda is SAR variant. Depending on equipment and armament, the W-3WA may be used for evacuation of casualties on stretchers, for transportation of up to 10 fully equipped troops, for fire support on the battlefield and for engaging point targets both on land and on water. Powerplant: 2 x PZL‑10W turboshafts rated 900 shp (672 kW) each for take‑off. Gross weight: 14,080 lb (6,400 kg). Useful load: 4, 581 lb (2, 078 kg) Empty weight: 9,528 lb (4,322 kg). Dimensions: Length: (with tail rotor turning) 50.2 ft (15.29 m). Height: (with tail rotor turning) 16.8 ft (5.137 m). Rotor diameter: 51.5 ft (15.7 m). Performance: Max speed: 260 km/h, range 761 km, HOGE 1,900 m, HIGE 3020 m, ROC 9.3 m/sec, VROC 2.3 m/s service ceiling 4,910 m. Armament: GSz‑23k Cannon, S‑8, S‑5 rockets, 9M32M IR guided AA missiles, PLATAN airborne minefield sowing, HOT anti-tank missiles.

SCHWEIZER TH-300C Light training helicopter derived from Hughes 269/TH-55 and produced by Schweizer Aircraft since 1983. Used by Colombia, El Salvador, Greece, Japan, Nigeria, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey and others. Militarised Model 300C has heavy-duty skids, auxiliary fuel, ADF and transponder. Seats pilot and student or passenger. Model 300CB is new dedicated trainer version with lower gross weight and operating costs. Model 330 is new turbine-powered model based on substantially uprated 300. Powerplant: AlliedSignal Lycoming HIO-360-D1A piston engine rated at 190 hp for take-off and continuous use. Gross weight: 2,050 lb (930 kg). Empty weight: 1,100 lb (499 kg). Dimensions: Length: 30.8 ft (9.4 m). Height: 8.75 ft (2.67 m). Rotor diameter: 26.8 ft (8.2 m). Performance: Max speed: 91 kt (145 km/h) Armament: Nil

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters SIKORSKY CH-53K The CH-53K is a brand new aircraft for the US Marine Corps designed to fit ship decks, lifts and hangars that now take CH-53Es, and to provide double the lift in USMC hot day conditions at 110 nm, a 45% reduction in direct maintenance cost, increased survivability and a 20 knot increase in speed, compared with the E model. A key requirement is to conduct an un-refuelled mission of 110 nm radius with a 27,000 pound (12,247 kg) external payload. The aircraft meets the stringent performance parameters on a “high-hot” Navy day (a pressure altitude of 3000 feet and 91.5˚ F/915 meters/33˚ C). Elastomeric main rotor head reduces O&S costs and increases flight readiness. Composite main rotor blades have advanced airfoil sections. The three new 6,000 shp class engines will feature integral air particle separators. The auxiliary power unit will have pneumatic starting. The advanced drive system will have a multiple path split torque gearbox with load sharing capability. The bearingless tail rotor hub is to feature advanced airfoils and reduced part count. Fly-by-Wire (FBW) electronic flight controls are intended to improve mission capability with reduced weight and lower life cycle costs. The hybrid composite airframe structure will provide lighter weight and lower vibration throughout aircraft life. IOC is expected in FY2015.

MH-60 Helicopters A Technology Leap for Naval Forces

SIKORSKY H‑53 SEA STALLION/SUPER STALLION CH‑53E is a three‑engined heavy‑lift helicopter for USMC and Navy, derived from twin‑engined CH‑53A/D/G (S‑65). MH‑53E Sea Dragon for US Navy and S‑80E export version for Japan are mine countermeasures helicopters. Pave Low Enhanced MH‑53Js are for US Air Force Special Operations. CH‑53A/D/G in service with US Marine Corps Reserve, Israeli Air Force (updated to Yasur 2000 standard), German Heeresfliger. RH‑53D minesweeper in US Navy Reserve. 40 of the 80 German machines being upgraded to serve until around 2030. USMC machines due to be replaced by new Heavy Lift Replacement or HLR standard (formerly CH-53X, now CH-53K) with new fuselage structure, engines, gearboxes, rotor systems and avionics – see entry below. This aircraft is a likely candidate for future European heavy lift requirements. H-53E: Powerplant: 3 x General Electric T64‑GE‑416 turboshafts rated at 4,380 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 73,500 lb (33,339 kg). Empty weight: 33,226 lb (15,071 kg). Dimensions: Length: 73.3 ft (22.35 m). Height: 18.7 ft (5.66 m). Rotor diameter: 79 ft (24.08 m). Performance: Max speed: 170 kt (315 km/h). Typical Range: 1,120 nm (2,075 km). Armament: 50 cal or 7.62 mm door and ramp guns.

SIKORSKY H-92 H-92 is the military version of commercial S-92. Stand-up cabin and developed S-70 Hawk family dynamics. Higher gross weights, more power and new composite rotor blades. Recent modifications include a larger sliding door to improve access for SAR missions, new glass cockpit. Available as a 22-troop utility and other mission specific configurations, all with cabin-width rear ramp. Selected as the airframe for Canada’s shipbased Maritime Helicopter Programme, as the CH-148 Cyclone, following the cancellation of the original CH-148 Petrel and CH-149 Chimo (EH101 variants), with a General Dynamics Canada Integrated Mission System and Sonobuoy Acoustic Processing System, a Telephonics APS-143B radar and an L-3 HELRAS sonar. Powerplant: 2 x General Electric CT7-8 turboshafts rated at 2,500 shp (1,864 kW) for take off. Gross weight: 25,500 lb (11,567 kg) internal load, 26,800 lb (12,156 kg) external load) Hook load: 10,000 lb. Performance: (@ Sea Level, ISA) 25,500 lb/11,567 kg: Maximum cruise speed: 151 kt (280 kph), best range speed 136 kt (252 kph), range 475 nm (880 km), HOGE: 5,500 ft (1,680 m), HIGE: 10,175 ft (3,100 m).

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The U.S. Navy’s most sophisticated multi-mission helicopters are available to navies worldwide. Developed for littoral zones and open ocean, the newly operational MH-60R and MH-60S are built and integrated with advanced systems to perform missions currently served by six U.S. Navy helicopters — anti-submarine and surface warfare, airborne mine countermeasures, combat search and rescue, vertical replenishment and medical evacuation. Configurable to mission preferences. Interoperable with U.S. forces. Supportable worldwide. And in production. The MH-60 multi-mission helicopters. A navy’s most versatile fleet protection asset.

SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters SIKORSKY S‑70A/UH‑60L BLACK HAWK Widely exported assault and utility helicopter; US Army UH‑60A with T700‑GE‑700 engines succeeded by current UH‑60L with ‑701C. Multiple redundant systems for battle damage tolerance. US Army EH‑60A is tasked with electronic warfare. USAF MH/HH‑60G for special operations and SAR. UH‑60Q is US Army medevac bird. UH‑60C command and control version is in development. VH-60N VIP/Presidential aircraft used by HMX-1. AH-60DAP, MH-60K and MH-60L are US Army Special Operations aircraft. S-70 A is export version. In May 2001 US Army signed up for modernisation programme to create UH-60M. M features open architecture digital avionics and flight controls, graphite main rotor blades, a strengthened fuselage, and standardising other improvements. Payload will be 2,000 lb greater and speed up to 15 knots faster. UH-60M flew for the first time on 23 September 2003. HH-60M for medevac duties. Enhanced UH‑60‑L: Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700‑701C turboshafts rated 1,890 shp on take‑off. Gross weight: 22,972 lb (10,421 kg). Empty weight: 11,516 lb (5,224 kg). Dimensions: Length: 50 ft (15.26 m). Height: 11.3 ft (3.76 m). Rotor diameter: 53.6 ft (16.63 m). Performance: Max speed: 195 kt (361 km/hr). Typical Range: 324 nm (600 km). Armament: Hellfire missiles, 70 mm rockets, 20 mm guns, and mines.

helicopter specifications weapon specifications helmet-mounted displays and nvgS sensors INTEGRATED MISSION SYSTEMS

SIKORSKY S‑70B/SH‑60 SEAHAWK US Navy SH‑60B LAMPS III ASW/ASV helicopter usually embarked in frigates or destroyers. Carries sonobuoys and radar. SH‑60F carrier‑based sub‑hunters are equipped with deep dipping sonar. MH-60R will combine the roles in a standardised package. New build MH-60S replacing CH-46 in USN VERTREP role and take on numerous other missions such as amphibious and carrier search and rescue, and remote site logistics missions and, in future, airborne mine counter measures, combat search and rescue, and special warfare support. HH‑60J is medium range rescue helicopter for US Coast Guard. S‑70Bs are in service with Australia, Spain, Taiwan and Greece, Thailand and selected by Turkey. SH‑60J built in Japan. See Mission Systems section for more detail of USN MH-60R and S models. Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700‑GE‑401C turboshafts rated at 1,713 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 21,700 lb (9,843 kg). Empty weight: 13,648 lb (6,191 kg). Dimensions: Length: 50 ft (15.26 m). Height: 12.5 ft (3.8 m). Rotor diameter: 53.6 ft (16.36 m). Performance: Max cruise speed 135 kt (249 km/h). Typical Range: 500 nm (684 km). Armament: 1 x Penguin anti‑ship missile, 2 Mk 46 or Mk 50 torpedoes.

guide to military helicopter fleets guide to SUPPLIERS PRODUCT GUIDE

SPECIFICATIONS

WEAPON SYSTEMS ± Air-to-air missiles In service on helicopters, have been test-fired from a helicopter or are actively being adapted to rotary-winged platforms. ± Anti-armour guided missiles (ATGMs) Major helicopter-launched – under development or in service, not likely to become obsolescent in the near future and marketed internationally. ± Anti-ship missiles Major helicopter-launched. ± Rocket systems Significant helicopter-launched – available, qualified and in service on helicopters or marketed for such applications. ± Guns Marketed for helicopter applications or selected for significant programmes. As any general-purpose machine gun can be fired from a helicopter with minimal adaptation, these have been excluded for the sake of brevity. The exception to this rule is the MAG-58, included because of its widely-used podded applications. ± Torpedoes Major helicopter-launched – in service with or under development for major maritime forces or marketed internationally.

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While every effort has been made to provide accurate information, the publishers cannot be held responsible for errors or omissions. If you have any comments, additions or corrections you would like to be made please contact the editor.

WEAPONS » Air-to-air missiles 9M32 STRELA - 2 (SA-7 GRAIL) Helicopter-launched version of ubiquitous first generation shoulder-launched short range SAM Manufacturer: Sakr, Egypt and CPMIEC, China Range: 4 km Speed: supersonic Propulsion: single-stage solid rocket motor Warhead: 1.8 kg high explosive fragmentation Guidance: passive IR homing Length: 1.34 m Diameter: 70 mm Width: (wingspan) 30 cm unfolded Weight: 10 kg at launch Platforms: SOKO-built Gazelles, Mil Mi-2, Mi-24/25/35. Improved version: STRELA 2M. The SA-7 is in the tube in the lowest position on the pylon in the picture.

MBDA MISTRAL ATAM

Air-to-air missiles « WEAPONS SHORTS MISSILE SYSTEMS STARSTREAK Air-to-air variant of UK hypervelocity SAM Range: more than 6 km Speed: hypersonic Propulsion: two-stage rocket motor Rate of fire: engagement of one target must be completed before another can be fired upon, but engagements are over very quickly Warhead: three individually guided armour-piercing/explosive darts with delay fuse Guidance: laser beam riding: darts steer themselves into centre line of ‘grid’ created by vertical and horizontal scanning lasers. Helicopter sights automatically keep centre of grid on target Weight: 37 lb Length: 1.4 m Diameter: 130 mm Width: (wingspan) 250 mm Launcher: two-tube box Platforms: Evaluation/Integration process completed for Apache, but US Army requirement dropped.

V A DEGTYAREV PLANT 9M39 IGLA-V (SA-18 GROUSE) Fire-and-forget AAM system using the Mistral SAM, which was designed from the start with modification to an air-to-air role in mind. Range: 5 km + Speed: Mach 2.5 Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: up to 1 missile every 3 secs Warhead: 3 kg high explosive, tungsten ball Fusing: active laser proximity fuse Guidance: passive infra-red homing, proportional navigation Length: 1.86 m Diameter: 90 mm Weight: 18.7 kg at launch Platforms: In full operational service on the French Army Aviation Gazelle and qualified on the Tigre attack helicopter. Can be mounted on attack helicopters fitted with an integrated combat system (Tigre, Rooivalk) or on lightweight helicopters (Gazelle, Fennec) and utility helicopters (Cougar) as a stand-alone weapon system.

Larger and with higher performance than SA-14, Igla (‘needle’) is another Russian shoulder-launched SAM adapted to helicopter use. Range: 5.2 km Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Warhead: 2.5 kg highexplosive fragmentation with impact fuse Guidance: passive IR homing. Length: 1.55 m Diameter: 72 mm Width: (wingspan) 35 cm Weight: 16.5 kg Platforms: Mi-8/17, Mi-24, offered as an option on Rostvertol Mi-35s for export customers, and Kamov Ka-50 Werewolf. The manufacturer is based in Kovrov, Russia. MANPADS version pictured.

RAYTHEON AIM-9X SIDEWINDER AIM-9X is the latest in a long line of Sidewinders. Features imaging seeker, thrust vector control, off-boresight capability and high countermeasures resistance. Range: around 16 km Speed: supersonic, likely to be around Mach 3 to catch fleeing fast jet Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: would depend on ability of helicopter’s sighting systems to acquire new targets and cue missile seeker heads Warhead: 9.5 kg high explosive blast fragmentation with laser proximity fuse Guidance: imaging IR, proportional navigation Length: 3 m Diameter: 127 mm Weight: 85 kg Platforms: Earlier versions operational on USMC Bell AH-1W SuperCobras.

RAYTHEON MISSILE SYSTEMS AIR-TO-AIR STINGER (ATAS) Uses the Stinger-RMP (Reprogrammable Microprocessor) missile Speed: Supersonic Propulsion: solid propellant, dual thrust Warhead: blast Guidance: passive dual mode IR/UV homing, fire-and-forget, proportional navigation with lead bias Length: 60 inches Diameter: 2.75 inches Weight: ATAS System with 4 missiles is 123 lb (missile weight is 23 lb) Platforms: OH-58C, OH-58D (Kiowa Warrior), Blackhawk, planned for Longbow Apache and Comanche (competing with Starstreak for US Army AAM requirement). Selected by German Army for Tiger, more recently by Italian Army for Mangusta.

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WEAPONS » Anti-armour guided missiles 9M114 SHTURM - V (STORM-V) (AT-6 SPIRAL) Third-generation Russian short-range anti-armour missile Manufacturer: KBM Engineering Design Bureau, Kolomna - Russia Range: 5 km Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: engagement of one target must be completed before another can be engaged Warhead: 10 kg two tandem HEAT shaped-charges Guidance: dual mode, radio command followed by semi-active laser terminal homing Length: 1.78 m Diameter: 14 cm Width: (wingspan) 30 cm Weight: 30 kg Platforms: Mil Mi-24E/F, Kamov Ka-29 HORMONE, offered as option on Rostvertol Mi-35 for export customers, Mi-28 Havoc and Mi-8/17. Improved version: 9M120 ATAKA (AT-9) Warhead: improved tandem HEAT and blast action warheads Range: 6 km

DENEL AEROSPACE DYNAMICS INGWE Multi-purpose missile, evolved from ZT3 family, for use by infantry, armour or helicopter forces against modern threats. Passive target acquisition, high countermeasure resistance and ease of use are claimed Range: 250-5,000 m Speed: high subsonic Propulsion: launch motor and boost motor Warhead: tandem shaped charge with precursor warhead in tip of nose probe. Claimed to penetrate 1,000 mm of RHA after defeating explosive reactive armour (ERA). Alternative Thermobaric and Multi-Purpose Penetrator warheads Guidance: laser beam riding; missile follows centre line of laser scan pattern. Helicopter use requires stabilised sight. Automatic target tracking modules can be added to ensure fully automatic missile guidance after lock-on by the operator Length: 1,750 mm Diameter: 127 mm Weight: 28,5 kg. Platforms: Denel Rooivalk and Puma gunship, MI 24 helicopter, Ratel ICV, BMP1 tracked vehicle.

DENEL AEROSPACE DYNAMICS MOKOPA Long range, high performance precision guided missile similar to Hellfire under development in South Africa. Range: >10,000 m Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: ripple fire capability Warhead: tandem shapedcharge and alternative multi-purpose warhead Guidance: semi-active laser, can be fitted with IIR ‘fire-and forget’ and millimetre wave radar homing versions Platforms: Integrated with and successfully fired from Rooivalk attack helicopter.

HELLFIRE SYSTEMS LLC HELLFIRE II Originally an anti-armour missile, has demonstrated anti-ship and antihelicopter capability too. Range: 0.5 to 8 km Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid propellant, minimum smoke internal burning rocket motor Rate of fire: eight second interval rapid fire (1 designator), 1.5 second interval ripple fire (multiple designators) Warhead: tandem shaped-charge (anti-armour), blast fragmentation (anti-ship) Guidance: Semi-active laser homing Length: 1,625.6 mm (64 in) Diameter: 178 mm (7 in) Weight: 45 kg (99 lb) with shaped-charge warhead, 47.88 kg (105 lb) with blast fragmentation Launcher: modular with single, twin and four rail options Platforms: operational on AH-64 Apache, AH1W SuperCobra, SH-60B, OH-58D Kiowa Warrior, qualified on MD530, UH-60.

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WEAPONS » Anti-armour guided missiles

Anti-armour guided missiles « WEAPONS

JOINT COMMON MISSILE (AGM-169)

LONGBOW LLC/LONGBOW INTERNATIONAL AGM-114L LONGBOW HELLFIRE

US Army, USMC, USN and UK MoD project to develop a new missile to replace Hellfire, Maverick and possibly TOW. Multi-mode seeker, multi-mode warhead, fireand-forget plus man-in-the-loop modes, lock-on after launch, counter-measures resistance, fratricide avoidance and longer range are key drivers. Air-to-air mode to kill helicopters, UAVs likely Range: 16 km from helicopters, 28 km from fixedwing aircraft Propulsion: two-stage (boost, sustain) solid rocket motor Rate of fire: could be ripple fired in Semi-Active Laser or fire-and-forget modes Warhead: multi-mode, combinations of shaped-charge, blast frag, forged fragment under investigation, possibly interchangeable and modular Guidance: multi-mode -Lockheed Martin imaging IR, MMW radar, SAL Weight: 108 lb Length: 70 inches Platforms: Hellfire, Maverick, TOW-capable aircraft, ground vehicles Contractor: Lockheed Martin selected in 2004 Status: development and risk reduction testing has gone well and the Army included $150 million for JCM in its FY08 budget request.

Radar guided version of Hellfire developed for AH-64D Apaches Range: 0.5 to 8 km Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid rocket Rate of fire: can be fired one after the other as fast as the gunner can pull the trigger Warhead: tandem shaped-charge Guidance: inertial on co-ordinates from the weapons processor using target data from the Longbow radar or the TADS, then active millimetre wave radar homing. For close stationary and all moving targets the MMW seeker can lock on before launch Length: 1,730 mm (69.2 in) Diameter: 178 mm (7 in) Weight: 48.24 kg (107.2 lb) Platforms: operational on AH-64D. (Longbow LLC and Longbow International are Lockheed Martin/Northrop Grumman joint ventures.)

KBP INSTRUMENT DESIGN BUREAU HERMES-A

MBDA PARS3 LR

Two-stage supersonic missile designed to destroy current and future tanks, lightly armoured vehicles, fortifications and constructions, surface targets and low-velocity air targets according to KBP. It is intended to arm combat and assault helicopters as well as fixed-wing strike aircraft. A typical system includes missiles packaged in transport/launch tubes, control equipment, two launchers and maintenance facilities. KBP literature shows a Ka-52 carrying 16 on four four-round launchers. System can handle two-round salvos against different targets. Range: 15 to 20 km. Guidance: Inertial and radio command to target area, then terminal homing. Max speed: 1,000 m/sec. Warhead: 28 kg HEF. Missile weight in tube: 110 kg. Tube length: 3.5 m.

KBP INSTRUMENT DESIGN BUREAU VIKHR (NATO AT-12) Vikhr (Whirlwind) is a large Russian dual purpose anti-tank/air-to-air missile. Range: maximum quoted as 8 to 10 km Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: engagement of one target would have to be completed before a second could be fired upon Warhead: dual mode, shapedcharge for armoured targets, blast fragmentation with proximity fuse for airborne targets Guidance: laser beam rider Length: 1.5 m Weight: 45 kg Platforms: Mi-24, Mi-28, Ka-52 Alligator and Mi-8/17. KBP is based in Tula. Vikhr-M (AT-16) is an improved version.

Fire and forget anti-armour missile with additional air-to-air capability. Designed for installation on helicopters and ground vehicles and to supersede second-generation systems eg HOT, TOW and Swingfire Range: 500-5,000 m specified, extension possible up to 8,000 m Speed: high sub-sonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Warhead: tandem shape charge Rate of fire: salvo firings against 4 targets in less than 8 seconds Guidance: passive imaging infra-red using two modes of tracking: image correlation or target hot spot, in conjunction with the OSIRIS mast-mounted sight Attack Modes: dive or direct Length: 1.6 m Diameter: wings closed 227 mm; wings open 371 mm. Weight: 41.2 kg Platforms: Tiger HAC; Tiger HCP.

MBDA HOT 3 Designed to destroy reactive armour, HOT 3 has repeatedly demonstrated its multi-purpose capability. The latest development offers high countermeasure resistance and day/night firing, in adverse weather. The missile is fully maintenance-free. Combat proven. Range: 0.4 to 4 km Speed: high subsonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: engagement of one target must be completed before second missile can be fired. Warhead: tandem-shapedcharge Guidance: optically tracked, semi-automatic command to line of sight (SACLOS), wire passes steering commands to missile. Length: 1.3 m Diameter: 150 mm Weight: 24.1 kg Platforms: operational on Eurocopter Gazelle, BO-105; in production for French HAC and German UHT Tigers; fired from Rooivalk, Sokol; being integrated on Mi-24, Tiger HCP, EC635.

LOCKHEED MARTIN DIRECT ATTACK GUIDED ROCKET (DAGR) Lockheed Martin’s Direct Attack Guided Rocket (DAGR) is an independent effort designed, like the APKWS II, to provide a small, low-cost precision guided weapon suitable for engaging non-armoured or lightly armoured high-priority targets close to civilians and friendly forces while minimising collateral damage. It combines off-the-shelf 70 mm (2.75 inch) rockets with a semi-active laser seeker derived from Hellfire technology and fold-out cruciform steering fins. Four-pack pods of DAGRs fit where a single Hellfire would on the M299 (four Hellfire) and M310 (two Hellfire) smart launchers enabling any Hellfire capable vehicle to fire it. It offers off-axis target engagement and lock-onbefore-launch (LOBL) capability. Has been successfully test fired from ground launchers. Range from sea level: 500 m (min), 7,000 m (max). Range from 20,000 ft: 12,000 m. Guidance: Semi-active laser. Warhead: M151 high explosive. Length: 1.9 m. Wingspan: 222 mm.

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WEAPONS » Anti-armour guided missiles RAFAEL SPIKE-ER (NTD) Fire & forget / fire, observe & update and fire & steer anti-armour weapon designed to defeat a variety of targets at extended ranges. Range: 400m8000m. Speed: subsonic. Propulsion: two-stage solid rocket motor. Warhead: tandem shaped charge. Guidance: Electro-optic, passive CCD or Dual (CCD/IIR) seeker. In the fire & forget mode and the fire, observe & update mode the seeker is coupled to an auto-tracker, which dictates lock-on before launch. In the fire & steer mode there is no need to lock-on target before launch; the pilot has the ability to choose the target after launch and steer the missile to the most vulnerable part of the target or lock-on and proceed with the fire, observe & update. In both the F, O & U and F & S modes, a bi-directional, fibre-optic communication link transmits target image back to the launch platform enabling the pilot to update the aim point or change targets mid-flight. The link also enables precision manoeuvres within urban areas, mask-down capability and real-time surveillance Length: 1,670 mm with canister Weight: 32 kg with canister Four-round heli-launcher weighs 55 kg Platforms: has been installed on AH1-S Cobra, Agusta A129, MD500 Defenders, Gazelle, Mi-24 Hind. Additional platforms include combat vehicles, naval vessels and tripods for ground use.Other members of the family include the Spike-MR for medium ranges of up to 2.5 km and the Spike-LR for longer ranges of up to 4 km. Commonality ensures low life cycle cost, says Rafael. Spike-ER missile is integral to the HeliCOAT helicopter mission equipment package designed to enable any helicopter to carry out attack missions by day or night and in adverse weather conditions. HeliCOAT enables the engagement of many target types, at stand-off range and maximum survivability. Features: Spike-ER (NTD) new generation fibre-optic guided missiles, Toplite observation system, Aero-Gem selfprotection & electronic warfare system, an Elbit helmet mounted sight and a TerraMap-3D airborne digital map. A multi-role mission management computer and the man-machine interface ease workload. The HeliCOAT weapon package is modular and suited to custom design. All of the major sub-systems are produced by Rafael.

RAYTHEON MISSILE SYSTEMS BGM-71 TOW Tube-launched Optically tracked Wire-guided missile first entered service with US Army in 1970 and BGM-71 A, B, C and D variants have been developed embodying improvements to warheads and guidance systems. MAPATS is Israeli laser beam riding version, FITOW (Further Improved TOW) is UK version designed to attack thinner top armour of tanks. TOW 2A has precursor warhead on nose probe, TOW 2B likewise has two downward firing warheads to attack vehicle’s thinner top armour. TOW upgrades Raytheon has proposed a technology insertion programme to extend the weapon’s range to around 5 km, reduce guidance constraints. Options include a radio command link to replace the wires and an imaging seeker derived from ASRAAM and AIM-9X technology. RF command link to upgrade US Army inventory and those of overseas forces. Specifications refer to BGM-71D TOW 2 Range: 4 km Speed: high subsonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: engagement of one target must be completed before second missile can be fired Warhead: 6 kg shaped charge Guidance: semi-automatic command to line of sight (SACLOS), wire passes steering commands to missile. Automatic CLOS if sight has autotracker Length: 1.4 m Diameter: 150 mm Width: 45 cm (wingspan) Weight: 21.5 kg at launch Platforms: operational on Bell Cobra/SuperCobra, MD 500 Defender, Agusta 129, Agusta 109, Westland Lynx, Eurocopter BO-105 and Fennec, Bell 206/406 and cleared for carriage on Panther (Dauphin) and Gazelle.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Anti-armour guided missiles US ARMY BAE SYSTEMS APKWS II S

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Lock on to MBDA solutions

KONGSBERG PENGUIN MK2 MOD 7 (AGM-119B)

PEMA2b - Crédit photo :

Dominique Sarraute

Fire-and-forget weapon with target discrimination and high penetration capability. Range: more than 34 km Cruise speed: high subsonic. Propulsion: two-stage solid rocket motor Warhead: 120 kg (265 lb) semi armour piercing filled with 50 kg (110 lb) high explosive Guidance: programmable inertial midcourse, passive IR terminal Length: 3 m (118 in) Diameter: (fuselage) 0.28 m (11 in) Wing Span: 1.4 m (55 in) deployed, 0.76 m (30 in) folded Weight: 385 kg (850 lb) Platforms: SH-60B, S-70B Seahawks, SH-2G Super Seasprite and 412 EP ‘Sentinel’ integration ongoing, Super Lynx (feasibility studied).

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Described as an advanced littoral strike missile, an autonomous, all-weather, long-range, precision standoff missile designed to destroy high-value, welldefended targets at sea and ashore in the face of strong air defences and countermeasures. Imaging IR seeker has a wide field of view, real time image processing, target selection, ability to discriminate and countermeasure immunity. Features: ‘extreme’ low radar cross section; ‘extreme’ sea skim; adaptive terrain following; guidance system with numerous waypoints in 3D plus time; INS guidance aided by GPS and 3D map; automatic target recognition; IIR terminal guidance; laser altimeter; hit point selection; 125 kg blast/fragmentation warhead; programmable fuze and re-attack capability Launch weight: 410 kg Flight weight: 356 kg Length w/booster: 395 cm Range: 160 km Propulsion: turbo jet sustainer engine Speed: high subsonic. Platforms: NSM is deployable from naval combatants, helicopters, aircraft and land-based trucks, has been fitted to NH90.

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KONGSBERG NAVAL STRIKE MISSILE (NSM)

Air-launched fire-and-forget anti-ship missile. Range: 50-70 km depending on launch altitude and speed Propulsion: 2 solid propellant rockets (booster and sustainer) Guidance: inertial navigation during cruise phase, active homing during terminal phase Length: 4.69 m Diameter: 0.35 m Weight: 670 kg Platforms: the Exocet AM39 has already been installed on many types of aircraft, including helicopters. Combat proven.

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The Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System (APKWS) is a US Army effort to provide a semi-active laser homing guidance system that can be added to any 2.75 in (70 mm) rocket in the US inventory, filling the point target capability gap between the 30 mm cannon and the Hellfire missile Guidance: Distributed Aperture Semi-Active Laser Seeker (DASALS) a screw-in module between motor and warhead with a tiny laser seeker on four flip-out steering/de-spinning fins. Range: 1.5 km to 5.5 km Speed: supersonic Weight: 35 lb Status: Started life in the mid-’90s as the Low Cost Precision Kill (LCPK) demonstration effort leading to the APKWS competition that General Dynamics Armament and Technical Products (GDATP) won as prime with BAE Systems as a sub contractor. APKWS was cancelled and re-competed as APKWS II, which BAES won as prime with GD as sub contractor. The US Army decided to buy APKWS II in April 2006. The weapon was de-funded by the US DoD in 2007.

WEAPONS » Anti-ship missiles MBDA AS-15TT

Guns « WEAPONS ZVEZDA KH35

Small, all-weather anti-ship missile capable of destroying small ships such as fast attack craft and disabling larger vessels. Range: more than 15 km Speed: 280 m/s Propulsion: two-stage (booster + sustainer) solid rocket motor Warhead: 30 kg high explosive Guidance: Agrion 15 radar on helicopter provides automatic command-to-line-of-sight guidance (tracks target and missile, sends steering commands to missile) Length: 2.3 m Diameter: 180 mm Weight: 103 kg Platforms: operational on Eurocopter Dauphin (Panther) helicopters of the Royal Saudi Navy, which used it with success in Desert Storm, and in the United Arab Emirates. (Potential applications include all helicopters over 3.5 tonnes empty weight.)

Long-range, radar-guided anti-ship missile in the same class as Exocet and adapted to a variety of platforms including ships, shore batteries, fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. NATO code name for air-launched version is AS20 Kayak. Maximum effective range: 130 km. Speed: 300 m/sec. Guidance: inertial and active radar homing. Propulsion: solid rocket boost motor and turbojet sustainer. Warhead: 145 kg blast fragmentation. Weight: 630 kg with booster. Length: 3.75 m. Diameter: 42 cm. Wingspan: 93 cm. Platforms: Kamov Ka-27/28 carrier based helicopters.

GUNS MBDA MARTE MK2/S

BOEING M230 AUTOMATIC CANNON Medium range, lightweight, Fire and Forget, all weather, sea skimming anti-ship missile system Range: in excess of 30 km Speed: high subsonic Warhead: semi piercing HE warhead Fuses: impact and proximity fuses Guidance: inertial/

GPS/altimeter/Active radar Length: 3.77 m Diameter: 0.316 m Weight: 324 kg Platforms: in service with Italian Navy SH-3D helicopters. Integration and qualification on new EH-101 and NH-90 helicopters completed.

MBDA SEA SKUA

Chain-driven, single-barrel, externally powered weapon for attack helicopters effective against lightly armoured vehicles and aircraft Calibre: 30 mm Rate of fire: 625 (±25) rnds/min Modes: single rounds, limited, unlimited bursts Range: up to 4,000 m Weight: 57.5 kg Power requirements: 3 hp Dimensions: length 1.68 m Ammunition: NATO standard Aden/DEFA rounds plus US M 788 (Target Practice), M 789 (High Explosive Dual Purpose) and M 799 (High Explosive) Mountings: powered turret on Apaches with up to 1,200 rounds Platforms: standard fit on all Apaches in service and planned.

DENEL VEKTOR GA-1 20 mm AUTOMATIC CANNON Lightweight, all-weather, sea-skimming missile capable of destroying fast attack craft and disabling larger vessels. Range: more than 15 km Speed: high subsonic Propulsion: two-stage solid rocket motor Rate of fire: can be fired in ‘rapid succession’ to saturate defensive systems Warhead: HE blast fragmentation warhead, delayed action fuse Guidance: semi-active radar homing: radar illuminates target, missile seeker homes onto reflected signal Length: 2.5 m Diameter: (maximum) 25 cm Width: (wingspan) 72 cm Weight: 147 kg Platforms: operational on Westland Lynx, Super Lynx, Sea King and AB 212 ASW can be carried by Bell 214ST and 412, and Kaman Seasprite/Super Seasprite.

The hub of the SYSTEMS AGM-65 MAVERICK RAYTHEON MISSILE Family of missiles designed to kill hardened/high value targets. Range: 0.9 to 24.2 km Speed: supersonic Propulsion: two-stage solid rocket motor Rate of fire: can be ripple fired Warhead: (basic) 56.7 kg shaped-charge, or 136.1 kg kinetic energy penetrator/blast-fragmentation Guidance: TV (AGM-65 A/B), semi-active laser homing (AGM-65C/E), IR (AGM-65D/G), AGM-65F uses IR seeker with ship recognition algorithms and larger warhead, AGM-65H improved TV seeker with replacement CCD camera. Length: 2.489 m Diameter: 30.5 cm Width: (wing span) 71.9 cm Weight: A, B, D 210 kg, E, F 287.4 kg Platforms: AH-1W SuperCobra, AH-64A/D Apaches, SH-2G Super Seasprite.

VEKTOR GA-1 is a multi-purpose light, compact South African cannon developed from German MG-151 of Second World War Calibre: 20 mm Rate of fire: 650-750 rnds/min Muzzle velocity: 720 m/sec Sights: Armson ‘Occluded Eye’ Red Dot gunsight or Gennet Optical Sight Weight: 39 kg Recoil Force: 3,500 N (Average) Electrical power: 22-29 V DC Length: 1.465 m Ammunition: PRAC and PRACT, HEI, HEIT, SAPHEI, APC Mountings: chin or belly turret Platforms: tested on Denel Rooivalk and Puma Gunship prototypes.

FN HERSTAL 250 and HMP 400 (HEAVY MACHINE GUN POD) Calibre: 12.7 mm (0.50 in) Rate of fire: 1,100 rpm Ammunition: ball, tracer, armour piercing, armour-piercing/incendiary, armour-piercing/incendiary/ tracer, armour piercing explosive incendiary, high explosive armour piercing incendiary Range: 2,000 m Ammunition boxes: 250 and 400 rounds Firing mode: open bolt firing Weight: (fully loaded) HMP 250 120 kg; HMP 400 140 kg.

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WEAPONS » Guns FN HERSTAL M3M/P (GAU21) MACHINE GUN

Integrated Airborne Weapon Systems

Calibre: 12.7 mm (0.50 in) Rate of fire: 1,100 rpm Ammunition: ball, tracer, armour piercing, armour-piercing/incendiary, armour-piercing/incendiary/ tracer, armour piercing explosive incendiary, high explosive armour piercing incendiary Range: 2,000 m Mountings: Door-, Ramp- Window- Pintle Systems and co-axial integration Ammunition box: 300 or 600 rounds Firing mode: open bolt firing Weight: M3M (GAU 21) + pintle : 75 kg ; M3P + soft mount + recocking device: 47 kg.

FN HERSTAL MAG 58 MACHINE GUN Calibre: 7.62 x 51 mm NATO Rate of fire: 650 to 1,000 rounds/min Range: 1,200 m Mountings: Door-, Ramp- or Window- Pintle System Ammunition  box: 200, 230, 250 and 1000 rounds Firing mode: open bolt firing Weight: (weapon + pintle) 23 kg.

FN HERSTAL ROCKET MACHINE GUN POD Calibre: 12.7 mm (0.50 in) & 70mm (2.75 in) Rate of fire: 1,100 rpm Ammunition: ball, tracer, armour piercing, armour-piercing/incendiary, armour-piercing/incendiary/tracer, armour piercing explosive incendiary, high explosive armour piercing incendiary and full range of 2.75 in rockets Ammunition box: 250 rounds Firing mode: open bolt firing (machine gun), single shots, limited or unlimited bursts (rockets) Weight: (fully loaded) 150 kg.

GENERAL DYNAMICS ARMAMENT AND TECHNICAL PRODUCTS GAU-19/A Externally powered, 3-barrel Gatling gun Calibre: 12.7 mm (0.50 in) Rate of fire: selectable, 1,000 to 2,000 rounds/min Range: 1,800 m Ammunition: M-1, M-8 API, M-17 tracer, M-20 APIT, M-33 ball, M-903 SLAP and M-948 SLAP tracer Mountings: internal and external pintle, external cradle Weight: 139 lb (63 kg) with feeder and transfer unit Dispersion: 80% of rounds within five milliradians of pointing axis Average peak recoil force: 500 lb (2.24 kN) Reliability: 100,000 mean rounds between failures (predicted) Dimensions: 1,181 mm long overall Scheduled maintenance: 15,000 round intervals.

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Creating worldwide standards... for over a century

SPECIFICATIONS » Guns

Guns « SPECIFICATIONS

GENERAL DYNAMICS ARMAMENT AND TECHNICAL PRODUCTS M-197 Externally powered, 3-barrel Gatling gun based on M-61 A1 Vulcan Calibre: 20 mm Rate of fire: up to 1,500 rnds/min Muzzle velocity: 1,030 m/sec Ammunition: US M-50 series and PGU-28B Mountings: chin turrets Weight: 66 kg Recoil load: 68 kg (average at 1,500 rnds/min) Length: 1.89 m Platforms: AH-1 Cobras.

GENERAL DYNAMICS ARMAMENT AND TECHNICAL PRODUCTS MK19 MOD3 High-velocity automatic 40 mm machine gun, blowback operated, belt fed, crew served weapon. Ammunition: M430 High Explosive Dual Purpose (HEDP) (anti-armour and anti-personnel), tracer impact marker (TP-training), CS/OC (non-lethal), M918 (flashbang, training); compatible with all NATO 3585 ammunition Rate of fire: 300 to 400 rpm Muzzle velocity: 241 m/sec Max effective range: 1,500 m Weight: 33 kg Length: 1,095 mm Width: 340 mm Platforms: has been used in pods and turrets on helicopters.

GENERAL DYNAMICS ARMAMENT & TECHNICAL PRODUCTS MK47 MOD 0 STRIKER Automatic 40 mm grenade launcher incorporating the latest sensing, targeting and computer-programming technology Calibre: 40 mm Gun Weight: 18 kg Total System Weight: 44 kg. Length: 940 mm Width: 255 mm Rate of fire: 225 - 300 rpm Mass recoiling: 55% Maintenance: round counter.

KBP INSTRUMENT DESIGN BUREAU 2A42 As well as infantry fighting vehicles, this Russian 30 mm automatic cannon arms the Mil/Rostvertol Mi-28N attack helicopter on which it is mounted in a steerable chin turret and the Kamov Ka-50/52 series. On the Kamovs the weapon is on the right side of the fuselage below the cockpit and can be depressed to engage targets below the helicopter’s flight path. Calibre: 30 mm. Rate of fire: 550 to 800 rpm (high), 200 to 300 rpm (low). Muzzle velocity: 960 m/sec.

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MAUSER RMK-30 Recoilless, single-barrel, 30 mm revolver cannon. A proportion of the propellant gas exhausts through nozzle at rear of breech to provide thrust to counter recoil. Muzzle brake also fitted. Combustible-case ammunition used Length: 1.7 m Weight: 100 kg Muzzle velocity: 1,200 m/sec Platforms: Intended for German UH Tiger and other helicopters, turret mount designed, tested on light armoured vehicle.

NEXTER 20 M 621 CANNON Calibre: 20 mm Rate of fire: 800 (+/- 100) rnds/minute Modes: Can fire single rounds, limited or unlimited bursts Weight: (gun ) 49 kg Recoil load: maximum 250 daN Recoil stroke: +70 mm to -17 mm Electrical power: 28 V 10 A Dimensions: L 2,179 mm, W 203 mm, H 194 mm Ammunition: All 20 x 102 mm rounds Mountings: MS 621 and type 19A cabin pintles for medium helicopters. Pod mount qualified on Eurocopter Panther, Fennet & Cougar, Sikorsky S-76, Bell 406, Sikorsky Black Hawk, Type 22A and type 23A flexible cradle mounts available for Gazelle and Fennec respectively, THL20 gun turret system for attack and transport helicopters Operational status: in service with French forces and foreign customers.

NEXTER 30 M781 Cannon selected for French combat support variant of Tiger attack helicopter Calibre: 30 mm Muzzle velocity: 730 m/sec Range: 0-1,500 m Rate of fire: up to 750 rnds/min Modes: single rnds, 10 rnd bursts, 25 rnd bursts, continuous Weight: 56 kg (gun alone) 160 kg (gun and complete turret) Ammunition: 30550 type Recoil load: 800 daN maximum Length: 1.87 m Mountings: powered turret slaved to helmet sight, HUD or roof mounted sight Operational status: Selected for French ALAT’s Gerfaut combat support version of Tiger, firing trials on Gerfaut prototype have proved successful.

VA Degtyarev planT GSh-23L Twin-barrelled, 23 mm, gas-operated, automatic cannon designed for use on both helicopters and fixed-wing strike aircraft Calibre: 23 mm. Rate of fire: 3,000 or 3,400 rpm Muzzle velocity: 700 m/sec Magazine capacity: 4000 rounds Fire control: electric, 27V Mass: 50 kg Length: 1,537 mm with muzzle brake, 1,387 mm without Width: 165 mm Height: 168 Platforms: Mil and Kamov helicopters.

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WEAPONS » Guns

DON’T BE SURPRISED

VA Degtyarev planT GSh-30K Designed by the KBP Instrument Design Bureau and manufactured by Degtyarev, this twin-barrelled, medium velocity, gas operated automatic cannon is intended for use on helicopters and fixed wing strike aircraft Calibre: 30x164 mm type AO-18 Muzzle velocity: 1,020 m/sec Cyclic rate: variable, probably 1,500 to 1,800 rpm Round weight: 390 g Gun weight: 126 kg Platforms: Mi-24 family, Su-25 Frogfoot ground attack aircraft, in pods on any Russian combat helicopter.

With Thales TopOwl, we’re helping the world’s best helicopter pilots to hunt down their targets TopOwl puts flight, mission and target data in front of both eyes. So pilots have wide-angle vision for

VA Degtyarev planT KORD

heads-up flight with full situational awareness, day

12.7 mm (0.50 in) heavy machine gun intended for use from helicopters, ground vehicles, ships and other installations. Kord is designed to defeat lightly armoured targets, ‘fire installations’ and personnel at 1,500-2,000m and air targets at slant ranges up to 1,500m. It is said to be light enough to be used dismounted from a bipod if necessary. Tubular housing below barrel suggests gas operation Calibre: 12.7 mm Firing rate: 600 rpm Muzzle velocity: m/s 820-860 Aimed fire range: up to 2,000 m Barrel weight: 9.25 kg Loaded magazine weight: 11.1 kg Weight of belt with 50 rounds: 7.7 kg Grouping (R50) at 100 m range: not more than 300 mm Technical endurance: 10,000 rounds Armour piercing capability at 100 m: up to 20 mm.

and night. The system is comfortable, balanced, reliable, expandable, and safe in emergencies. TopOwl, chosen by 15 nations, is operating on Tiger, NH90, Rooivalk and is

YAK-B

selected by the US Marine Corps for its Cobra AH-1Z and Huey UH-1Y. Designed by pilots for

Russian four-barrel 12.7 mm gatling gun Rate of fire: 4,000 to 4,500 rpm Muzzle velocity: 810 m/sec Weight: 45 kg Platforms: Mi-24 and other Russian combat helicopters. Mounted in USPU-24 turret on Hind, GUV pod for pylon mounting.

pilots, TopOwl is a leap ahead of the pack: low-risk, high performance, and the perfect fit for US Army, US Air Force, US Marine Corps helicopters and also foreign forces.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Rocket systems AVIBRAS AV-SF-70 SKYFIRE Skyfire is a new family of 70 mm (2.75 in) rocket motor models M-8, M-9, M-10. Maker claims better accuracy and longer range than other 70 mm systems Warheads: AVC-70/MW (Multiple Warhead) - anti-personnel and anti-armour, AVC-70/HE (High Explosive), AVC-70/F (Flechette), AVC-70/E (Exercise)- inert, AVC-70/TS Practice Smoke, AVC-70-FB (White Phosphorous), AVC-70 PE (Antirunway) Warhead weight: (HE/M1): 3.8 kg Propulsion: composite propellant motor stabilised by wrap-around fins. Range: up to 6,000m (air-to-ground) Speed: supersonic Length: (complete M-9 motor with HE/M1 warhead): 1,430 mm Diameter: 70 mm (2.75 in) Weight: (complete M-9 motor with HE/M1 warhead): 11.4 kg Launchers: 7- tube AV-LM-70/7-SF or 19-tube AV-70/19-SF Platforms: several types of helicopters plus high performance jets to propeller aircraft.

BORESIGHTING FOR ALL

BRISTOL AEROSPACE CRV-7

No aircraft platform is excluded from AAI’s Advanced Boresight Equipment (ABE® ) — rotorcraft, fighters, transports, unmanned. ABE systems have been selected for alignment of military aircraft worldwide, including those of the U.S. Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. Benefits include accuracy, dependability, speed, repeatability, ease of use, supportability, interoperability. And value. Contact us at [email protected] or 800-655-2616.

Warheads: high explosive, armour piercing, flechette, flare, submunition and training Propulsion: aluminium-free, reduced-smoke, composite solid propellant Launchers: Hydra 70 detent launchers (19 tube M261 and 7 tube M260) Performance: high kinetic energy (supersonic - Mach 3+); long standoff (6 km+ engagement), demonstrated superior accuracy (to other 70 mm systems) Rocket Motor: Length: 1.04 m, Diameter: 70 mm, Weight: 6 kg Platform: WAH-64 Apache Longbow, AH-64D (under trial for Rooivalk).

GENERAL DYNAMICS HYDRA 70 Manufacturer(s): General Dynamics Armament and Technical Products Warheads: M255 contains 1,179 60-grain flechettes M261 multi-purpose warhead contains nine M73 shaped-charge/fragmentation submunitions (fuses can be remotely set for ‘wall in space’ effect) M151 high explosive, M156 white phosphorous, M264 red phosphorous, M267 practice, M274 practice and M257/M278 illuminating heads also available Propulsion: Mk 66 wrap-around fin rocket motor with EMI protection circuits for shipboard operations. Total impulse 687 kg over 1.07 sec Range: around 5 km Diameter: 70 mm Launchers: M260, M261, LAU-61, DA/LAU 68 EA Platforms: Bell AH-1, OH-58D, 406CS, Boeing AH64A/D, MD 500 series.

TDA ARMAMENT (THALES) 2.75 in ROCKET SYSTEM Rocket Motors: FZ-90 wrap-around fin rocket motor, extruded double base grain, EMI protection, total impulse 690 daN/sec over 1 sec FZ-68 folding fin rocket motor, extruded double base grain, EMI protection, total impulse 560 daN/sec over 0.95 sec MK40 folding fin rocket motor, extruded double base grain, EMI protection, total impulse 510 daNsec over 1.55 sec Rocket Warheads: FZ-71 HEGP - 43 kg, FZ-181 flash - 4.3 kg, FZ-120 PRACT - 4.3 kg, FZ-210 SMK - 4.3 kg, FZ-100 MPSM - 6.2 kg - 8 submunitions with self-destruction device, FZ-149 Multidart AMV - 3.4 kg antilight vehicle, FZ-122 flechettes - 4.56 kg Rocket Launchers: new range of light weight launchers: 7 tubes - FZ-220 - 20 kg/12 tubes - FZ-219 - 26 kg/19 tubes - FZ-207 - 40 kg - all with NATO - 14 in suspension lugs - removable FZ-125 latch mechanisms remote fuze setting capabilities Firing control systems: RCP-96/BCTR-C with remote fuze setting and gun pods 20 mm and 12.7 mm management capabilities. Associated ILS policy, control and maintenance equipment, ballistic data, airworthiness capability Platforms: BO105, BK117, Cougar MK1 +Mk2, Fennec, Bell 206, 406, 412, A109, Black Hawk, Rooivalk, Tiger.

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ABE and Innovation That Works are registered trademarks of AAI Corporation.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Rocket systems

Torpedoes « SPECIFICATIONS

TDA ARMAMENT (THALES) 68mm ROCKET SYSTEM

EUROTORP MU-90/ IMPACT

Rocket Motors: F3 type - folding fin rocket motor, extruded double base grain, EMI protection, total impulse 500 daN/sec over 1 sec. F1H type - folding fin rocket motor, extruded double base grain, EMI protection, total impulse 336 daN/sec over 0.8 sec Rocket Warheads: 26 P type - HEGP, 3 kg. 23 ECC type - HEAT 1.8 kg 28 MPSM type - 5 submunitions with self-destruction device 29 AMV type - Multidart 3.4 kg F24 type - smoke impact market, 3.4 kg Rocket Launchers: 8 tubes - LR68-8 - 30 kg empty; 12 tubes LR68-12 - 40 kg empty; 22 tubes LR68-22 - 65 kg empty - all with NATO - 14 in suspension lugs - remote fuze setting by inductive coupling Firing Control Systems: BHIR via bus 1553, BCTR-C, SMS with remote fuze setting and gun pods management capabilities Platforms: Alouette, Tiger HAP.

‘Fire-and-forget’ advanced lightweight torpedo developed in 1996 by European consortium for France (DCN and Thales), and Italy (Whitehead) Speed: probable maximum >50 kt Depth: from shallow water down to probably more than 1,000 m Range: more than 10 km Propulsion: electrically-driven propulsor using sea-water-activated battery Warhead: shaped-charge Guidance: multiple-transducer, multiple frequencies active/passive sonar Length: 2.96 m Diameter: 32.4 cm Weight: around 295 kg Platforms: Intended for Lynx, NH90, EH101, Cougar.

VYMPEL S-5, S-8

RAYTHEON SYSTEMS COMPANY MK-46 Mod 5A(S)

S-5 Russian lightweight unguided folding fin aircraft rocket for ground attack applications Calibre: 57 mm (actual body diameter 55 mm) Length: 1.01 m Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Warheads: 4.5 kg HEAT, fragmentation, shaped-charge, chaff, illumination and practice Range: 3 km Launchers: 16, 19 and 32 tube ‘UB’ pods Platforms: IAR 330 Puma, Mi8, Mi-17, Mi-24 etc.

S-8 Family of Russian medium weight folding fin aircraft rockets for numerous ground attack applications. Warheads include antiarmour, unitary high explosive, fuel air explosive and illumination. Specifications apply to S-8 HEAT Calibre: 80 mm Length: 1.57 m Weight: 11.3 kg Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Warhead: 3.6 kg shaped charge. Range: 4 km Launcher: 20-tube B8V20A Platforms: Ka-27, Ka-50/52, Hind family, Mi-28.

Latest incarnation of proven Mk 46 in service with US Navy and offered for export. Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) will keep it in service with the USN Speed: two speeds – slow for stealthy search, fast for attacking high speed submarines Propulsion: liquid monopropellant Otto motor Warhead: shapedcharge Guidance: active/passive sonar, digital autopilot with pre-programmed search, re-attack patterns Length: 2.6 m Diameter: 32 cm Weight: 231 kg Platforms: Sikorsky Sea King, Seahawk, Bell 212 ASW, Kaman Seasprite/Super Seasprite, Lynx, Panther. MK-46 is shown on the left of the photograph.

TORPEDOES BAE SYSTEMS STING RAY

RAYTHEON SYSTEMS COMPANY MK-50 ALWT Advanced lightweight torpedo developed for the Royal Navy’s helicopters and ships and the RAF’s Nimrod MPAs. Recently upgraded from Mod 0 to Mod 1 standard to improve shallow water capability and countermeasures rejection Performance: speed, range, endurance and diving depth all classified, the last described simply as ‘deep’ Propulsion: battery-operated pump-jet propulsor Warhead: directed energy (shaped-charge), weight and configuration classified Guidance: active (FM) and passive on-board sonar Length: 8 ft Diameter: 12 in Platforms: Sting Ray can be adapted to launch from both helicopters (Lynx, Sea King, EH101) and fixed-wing aircraft (Nimrod, P3 Orion, Fokker 27).

EUROTORP A244/S Mod 3a Helicopter-launched torpedo developed by Whitehead for both shallow and deep water ASW Performance: details of speed, diving depth, range and endurance classified Propulsion: Electrically-driven propeller Warhead: compact-charge Guidance: CAICIO-S active, passive and mixed-mode sonar incorporating adaptive search patterns Length: 2.7 m Diameter: 32.4 cm Platforms: AS-61, AB-212 ASW, Lynx, Cougar and Panther.

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Advanced Light Weight Torpedo developed for US Navy to counter fast, deep diving submarines and provide good shallow water performance. In production Speed: More than 40 kt Depth: More than 600 m Propulsion: Closed-cycle steam turbine, stored chemical energy source Warhead: shaped-charge Guidance: active/passive sonar Length: 2.9 m Diameter: 32.4 cm Weight: 363 kg Platforms: Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk family. MK-50 is shown in the centre of the photograph.

RAYTHEON SYSTEMS COMPANY MK-54 LIGHTWEIGHT HYBRID TORPEDO The Mk 54 LHT is described as the US Navy’s ‘next-generation, low cost ASW weapon. Optimised to attack slow, quiet submarines in shallow, noisy littoral waters, it combines technologies from the Mk 50 ALWT (above) and the submarine-launched Mk 48 ADCAP heavyweight torpedo with the warhead and propulsion subsystems of the Mk 46 (also above). Low-cost modifications can convert existing Mk 46 torpedoes into Mk 54 LHTs, says Raytheon Length: 2.6 m Diameter: 32 cm Weight: 231 kg. MK-54 is shown on the right of the photograph.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Torpedoes RUSSIAN HELICOPTER-LAUNCHED TORPEDOES – kolibri helicopter

The Gidropribor Central Research Institute in St Petersburg has developed most of Russia’s torpedoes, including air launched weapons. The following data are provisional.

specifications

Smaller, lighter active and passive acoustic homing ASW torpedo whose original design dates from the late 1970s, possibly based on clandestinely acquired US Mk 46 Mod 0. Designed for helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft Diameter: 330 mm Weight: 246 kg Length: 2.7 m Warhead: 44 kg HE Detection range: around 1 km Max operating depth: around 450 m Range: up to 8 km Speed: 45 kts APR-2 fast, short-range, ASW torpedo with active and passive acoustic homing system. Believed to have entered service in the 1980s. Designed for fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters Diameter: 350 mm Weight: 575 kg Length: 3.7 m Warhead: 100 kg HE Detection range: around 1.5 km Max operating depth: >600 m Range: 1.5 to 2 km Speed: 62 kts Power source: solid rocket, probably exhausting through turbine to drive propeller APR-3A 1990s-vintage active and passive acoustic homing ASW torpedo for helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft Diameter: 355 mm Weight: 450 kg Length: 3.2 m Warhead: 76 kg HE Detection range: around 2,000 m Max operating depth: around 800 m Power source: solid rocket-driven gas turbine.

weapon specifications helmet-mounted displays and nvgS sensors

RUSSIAN HELICOPTER-LAUNCHED TORPEDOES –VTT-1 (T-67 STRIZH) A passive and active acoustic homing ASW weapon designed for helicopter use that entered service around 1976, the VTT-1 was based on the earlier AT-1 with the addition of wire guidance Diameter: 450 mm Weight: 540 kg Warhead: 70 kg HE Detection range: 500 to 1,000 m Max operating depth: around 200 m max Range: 5 km Speed: 28 kts. Power source: silver/zinc battery AT-3 with greater speed, range and depth capability than the VTT-1, AT-3 passive and active acoustic homing ASW torpedo entered service in the early 1980s, intended for both helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft Diameter: 450 mm Weight: 698 kg Length: 3.8 m Warhead: 60 kg HE Detection range: around 1.5 km Max operating depth: around 500 m Range: 8 km Speed: 41 kts Power source: silver/magnesium seawater battery.

INTEGRATED MISSION SYSTEMS guide to military helicopter fleets guide to SUPPLIERS PRODUCT GUIDE

SAAB TORPEDO 45 Torpedo 45 is a 400 mm torpedo intended for ASW and surface targets providing multiple target active/passive homing combined with wire guidance. It is launched from a variety of platforms such as: stationary, surface vessels, submarines and helicopters including Swedish Air Force Hkp4 (Kawasaki-built Boeing 107s).

EQUIPMENT

helmet-mounted displays and nvgs Night vision goggles are essential to modern military helicopter operations, while all current attack helicopter development and upgrade programmes specify helmet-mounted display systems. These are creeping into tactical utility helicopters too. They usually combine primary flight symbology with means of projecting images from night vision goggles and thermal imagers. The most advanced systems project the imagery onto the visor giving more space in front of the wearer’s eyes and minimising the chances of injury in an impact. Most make use of an inner shell fitted to the individual and an outer containing the expensive hardware that stays with the aircraft. These systems have a big part to play in future helicopter machine interfaces. Equipment is split into two sections: ± Helmet-mounted displays ± Night vision goggles

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While every effort has been made to provide accurate information, the publishers cannot be held responsible for errors or omissions. If you have any comments, additions or corrections you would like to be made please contact the editor.

SPECIFICATIONS » Integrated helmet systems

Integrated helmet systems « SPECIFICATIONS

AERO SOLUTIONS AEROVISION

EFW M142 Integrated Helmet And Display Sight System (IHADSS)

HMD interchangeable with ANVIS NVGs, fits goggle mount on Gentex helmet for example. High res LCDs can accept up to four video sources including colour TV and FLIR. See through display claimed distortion free. Provides 30 deg FoV for each eye with 100% overlap and focused at 11 ft to minimise eye strain, needs no inter pupil adjustment and can be worn with glasses. Light output is NVG compatible so will not interfere with other crew members’ goggles. Manufacturer says it can replace instrument panel MFDs. Weight: less than 8 oz. Resolution: 180,000 pixels per LCD panel.

Monocular system used in all current variants of Apache and Mangusta attack helicopters, now subject to a major upgrade to be carried out by EFW Inc. Stage 1 of the upgrade makes it compatible with the Apache’s MTADS Arrowhead PNVS thermal imaging and LLLTV sensors, which have much higher resolution than the earlier TADS sensors. Further upgrading will replace the electro-optical head tracker with an electro-magnetic head tracker, and could include replacement of the helmet shell and liner system. These upgrades will reduce weight and take care of obsolescence problems. The Helmet Display Unit attaches to the side of the helmet and feeds pilotage, navigation and weapon aiming symbology and imagery from the PNVS FLIR to the crewmember’s right eye via a half mirror optical combiner. Can be coupled to pilotage and targeting sensors, turret guns and airto-air missile seekers. Originally developed by Honeywell for Apache. Field of view: 40° x 30°. Head tracker: electro-optical.

BAE SYSTEMS Q-SIGHT

ELBIT SYSTEMS ANVIS/HUD Q-Sight is a new family of monocular/binocular helmet sight products designed for ‘plug-and-play’ attachment to standard helmets and making use of patented holographic waveguide technology. It weighs less than four ounces and has no bulky projection optics, minimising neck strain and centre-of-gravity issues. A large exit-pupil eases the transition between day and night during flight. Modular design allows new capabilities to be added easily. It is compatible with any cockpit with either stroke or raster video connections. Symbology drawing capability is unlimited and the display can be fitted on either side, allowing the pilot to choose his or her dominant eye. Q-Sight is compatible with NVG. Helmet tracking capability can be added by fixing tracking pads to the helmet.

DENEL OPTRONICS Archer The helicopter range provides visor-projected displays and night vision enhancement with night vision goggles to provide day and night display capability. Turreted weapons and sensors are slaved to the user’s line of sight via optical head tracker integrated on the HMDS. The HMDS consist of a twopart helmet system: Inner contains the audio and life-support equipment: Outer contains the optical head tracker, CRTs, optical modules, night vision cameras and electronics. Using the same inner, outers can be configured to cater for differing user and mission requirements. Helmet-Mounted Sight (HMS) providing a fixed-legend display; Helmet-Mounted Display and Sight (HMDS) providing a dynamic display of weapon, navigation, aircraft and flight information; Night Vision Display System (NVDS) providing for clip-on night vision goggles and full symbology displays.

DENEL OPTRONICS SCOUT

Military Helicopter Handbook 2008

ELBIT SYSTEMS DAY HUD / night hud DAY HUD Maximises safety and situational awareness during daytime operations, a ‘plug and play’ module to the same night interface, compatible with any standard NVG or ANVIS helmet. See-through  Field of view: 25 deg outside the clear or dark visor Display types: stroke or raster Flight Panel Display (FPD), Contrast ratio: 1.4:1 Min. (at 10,000 FC), Lightweight: less than 230 g. Quick disconnect for safe egress.

NIGHT HUD An advanced, performance-proven electro-optical aiming sight and aircraft flight instrumentation, quick mount on any NVG, lightweight (less than 70 gr), and flexible. Flight Panel Display (FPD) technology. Field of view: 32° over 40° night vision.

ELBIT SYSTEMS HELIDASH A helmet-mounted cueing and observation system for application in the police, civil, and SAR markets. The system cues a helicopter observation system directly towards an area of interest providing immediate acquisition and tracking of any moving or stationary item, significantly reducing the observer’s workload and acquisition time.

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A standard safe helicopter aviator, head out, day and night helmet mounted display system which projects aircraft flight symbology into standard night vision goggles. The system is already operational on over 5,000 helicopters and 25 different platforms. Features: 24-hour operational capability from a single integrated system, independent pilot and copilot/gunner displays. Power: 28 VDC, < 35 W, Mil Std 704A. Interfaces: Mil Std 1553B, ARINC 429m RS 422, analogue, discrete and synchro. The system supports a full pilots’ head tracking (LOS) via a single card that slides into the SDC spare slot.

HeliDASH is a modular day/night display and sight helmet designed specifically for helicopter applications. It provides the pilot with high-resolution night vision, symbology, day symbology, accurate aiming and cueing via an electromagnetic Line-of-sight tracker. HeliDASH integrates the operational capabilities of proven HMDs, DASH, and ANVIS-HUD systems in a single stateof-the-art unit. Reduces pilot workload by displaying flight-critical information at eye level. Single compact electronic unit drives pilot and copilot helmet systems. Plug & play with installed ANVIS-HUD systems. Features a clear/dark visor. Single LRU drives both display and LOS for pilot and copilot. Night module: ANVIS-HUD with electromagnetic LOS. Day module: DASH 20° FOV visor-projected symbology.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Integrated helmet systems ELBIT SYSTEMS MIDASH

Night vision goggles « SPECIFICATIONS FSUEA 2031

Modular Integrated Display Advanced Sight Helmet designed to provide helicopter pilots with binocular imagery, symbology and magnetic Head Tracker for both day and night operation. The system includes a standard shell helmet with a personal fitting device, helicopter retained optical units (HRU) and a vest mounted unit (VMU). A stand-alone mode allows operation outside helicopter. Display is based on two image intensifiers and a single CRT tube for symbology, both projected on combiners. Night image FOV: 50 deg x 40 deg . Daytime FOV: 120 deg x 70 deg. Symbology FOV: 30 deg. Weight: helmet and HRUs a total of 2.2 kg. Eye Relief: 50 mm.

Russian binocular night vision goggles for piloting helicopters and light aircraft at low altitude, offered with either Gen II or Gen III tubes for low price. Manufactured by Federal State Unitary Enterprise Alpha, Moscow. Field of view: 38°. Magnification: unitary. Resolution: 30 lines per mm. Light gain: factor 20,000. Recognition distance, normal night illumination (0.005 lux): trunk 800 to 1,100 m, plane 500 to 600 m. Interpupillary adjustment range: 56 to 72.2 m. Diopter setting: +/- 3.5 diopters. Eye relief: 15 to 20 mm. Voltage supply: on-board DC power supply (voltage adapter is provided) 24.0 to 29.4 V - autonomous power supply (two AA cells) 2.2 to 3.2 . Continuous operation: (autonomous mode) - > 3 hours to > 8 hours. Weight: goggles 0.60 kg - counterbalance 0.57 kg - voltage adapter with a cable 0.35 kg. Dimensions: 110x135x125 mm.

ROCKWELL COLLINS EyeHUD Helmet Mounted Display (HMD)

Geophyzika GEO-NVG-III

A compact, light-weight, low-cost monocular display ideally suited for rotorcraft and combat support aircraft. Specifically designed to attached to the standard ANVIS Night Vision Goggle (NVG) mount, the EyeHUD HMD provides crew members basic HUD capability (aircraft flight, engine performance and weapons symbology) in both day and night operations. Designed to accommodate a wide range of aircraft configurations and mission requirements, the core EyeHUD system can be expanded to include head tracking. EyeHUD can be used with all military aviator helmets and provides full ranges of interpupillary distance (IPD), and vertical adjustments. Core system components: display module, day mount, night adapter, display drive module, helmet to vehicle interface (cable), advanced symbol generator, mounting tray. Optional components: head tracking system. Features: FOV: 20 degrees (day)/35 degrees (night), exit pupil: 15mm, eye relief: 60mm, flip-up capability, left/right eye all modes, contrast ratio: 1.4 @ 10,000 fL.

Russian Gen 3 goggles used in upgrade packages for Russian Mi-24/35. Image intensifier: Gen 3 (with gallium arsenide photocathode). Luminous sensitivity at 2,856°K: 1,200 microamps per lumen. Radiant sensitivity at 830 nanometres: 120 microamps per Watt. Field of view: 40°. Objective lens: 25 mm, F1.1. Eyepiece lens: 25 mm Eye relief: 43 mm. Diopter adjustment: +/-4. Exit pupil: 10 mm. Ambient light range: 10-5 to 10 lx. Power supply: 2 AA batteries.Weight: 780 g.

THALES TOPOWL

ITT INDUSTRIES NIGHT VISION AN/AVS-6 (F4210)

Binocular Helmet-Mounted Sight/Display operating on Tiger, NH90, Rooivalk and selected by the US Marine Corps for its Cobra AH-1Z and Huey UH-1Y. Display module projects IR and NVG imagery plus flight and weapon aiming symbology onto visor. Features: Wide field-of-view in a light helmet; basic helmet fitted for each pilot, and a display module that remains in helicopter; compatible with NBC kits, head-in displays and aircrew equipment. Image intensifier tubes integrated with display module. Integrated cursive symbol generator provides clear symbology, even in full daylight. Binocular: 100% overlap. FOV: O 40°. Eye relief: 60 mm. Exit pupil: full field. Display capabilities: cursive symbology, raster video image, integrated image intensifiers. Head supported mass: 2.0 kg.

Spectral Response: visible to 0.90 µm (IR). Field of View: 40 deg . Magnification: unity. Resolution: 1.3 cy/mr (cycles per miliradian) minimum. Brightness gain: 5500 fL/fL minimum. Dioptre Adjustment: +2 to -6 dioptres. Inter pupiladjustment: 51 to 72 mm. Fore-and-Aft Adjustment: 27 mm range. Tilt Adjustment: 10 deg minimum. Exit Pupil/Eye Relief On-axis: 14 mm @ 25-mm distance. Full-field: 6 mm @ 25-mm distance. Automatic Breakaway at 11 to 15 g. Operating endurance: nominally 30 hours under standard conditions. Batteries: 2 x AA size alkaline or lithium (BA-5567). Clip-on power source option allows hand-held use.

NIGHT VISION GOGGLES FENN NIGHT VISION LTD NG 2000/2000A

ITT INDUSTRIES NIGHT VISION AN/AVS-9 (F4949 SERIES)

Lightweight (under 600g), low-profile high-performance NVG system designed for extended mission profiles in space-restricted aircraft. Offers a wide FoV of 45 deg at 30 mm eye relief, high-quality, low distortion image. Most of weight is close to head, reducing head moment. Gen III, Omnibus IV technology, high resolution through state-of-the-art optics. HUD compatible, works over -32 to +52 deg C temperature range. Scene illumination: 10-6 fc. Spectral response: visible to 0.90 microns.Magnification: unity. Resolution: 1.5 cy/mr minimum. Brightness gain: 3,000 fl/fl minimum. Dioptre adjustment: +2 to -3.5D. Inter pupil adjustment: 52 to 72 mm. Tilt adjustment: 8 deg minimum. Power supply: independent ocular supply 2.7 to 3 VDC- 40 mA. Battery type: 2 x lithium half-size 2.7 V. Weight: 590 g. Distortion: less than 3% across FOV.

Spectral response: visible to 0.90 µm (IR). Field of view: 40 deg . Magnification: unity. Resolution: 1.30 cy/mr minimum (1.36 typical). Brightness gain: 5,500 fL/fL minimum. Dioptre adjustment: minimum range +2.0 to -6.0. Inter pupil adjustment: independent, 51 to 72 mm total. Vertical adjustment: 25 mm range. Fore-and-aft adjustment: 27 mm range. Tilt adjustment: 10 deg range. Exit pupil/eye relief on axis: 14 mm @ 25 mm distance. Full-field: 6 mm @ 25 mm distance. Automatic breakaway: 11 to 15 g. Batteries: 2 x AA size, alkaline. Weight of binocular: 550 g (max). Weight of mount: 330 g. Operating temperature range: -32 deg C to +52 deg C.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Night vision goggles NEW NOGA LIGHT (2000) LTD NL-93 ANVIS Goggles Aviator goggles for both helicopter and fixed-wing pilots. In service with Israeli forces and export customers. Available with a wide range of image tubes. Field of view: 40 deg . Magnification: 1 +/-5%. Resolution (minimum): 0.77 cy/mr with36 lp/mm Gen II+ tubes, 0.96 cy/mr with 45 lp/mm Super Gen II tubes, 1.2 cy/mr with 55 lp/mm XD-4 tubes, 1.3 cy/mr with 64 lp/ mm Gen III tubes. Brightness gain (minimum): 2,200 fL/fL (Gen II+), 2,600 fL/fL (Super Gen II), 3,200 fL/fL (XD-4), 3,600 fL/fL (Gen III). Exit pupil: 6mm. Eye relief: 25 mm. Automatic breakaway: 10-15 G. Binocular weight: ≤ 570 g. Mount weight: ≤ 150 g. Power source: AA alkaline or lithium batteries.

NEWCON OPTIK NIGHT VISION GOGGLES The NVS 6 night vision goggles provide a safe piloting of helicopters and low attitude planes at night or in low light conditions with two Gen II + or Gen III advanced image intensifier tubes. The mounting systems allows quick attachment of the goggles to the head helmet and possibility to flip the goggles up for unobstructed vision. The unit can use standard AA batteries or an onboard (27 V) power. The device has passed all applicable test and has been accepted for use by several armies around the world. Magnification: 1x Field of view: 40º Lens aperture: 25 mm Exit pupil: 8 mm Eye relief: 22 mm Dyoptric correction: +/- 4 IPD range: 56-72 mm Focus range: 250 mm to infinity Power supply: 2AA Operational temperature: -40º C to +55º C Weight: 0.610 kg

Night vision goggles « SPECIFICATIONS SAGEM DÉFENSE SÉCURITÉ (SAFRAN GROUP) CN2H-AA Mk II Pilot NVG The latest version of the CN2H, designed for use at night by both helicopter and transport aircraft pilots. Various versions to meet specific pilot requirements. They can fit a variety of helmets (OS 458 and 459, Gallet LH 250, Alpha, Gentex, SPH3, SPH4, SPH5, HGU-55, ZSh-5, etc) with their dedicated interfaces. Power supply module: mounted at the rear of the helmet to balance the goggles (1.5 V AA batteries, 3 V or 3.5 V lithium batteries, or aircraft 28 V supply. Intensified imager (I2) tubes: 3rd generation of super Gen Tubes, XD-4, XR-5 or HX-72. Performance depends on image intensifier tubes. An internal filter can be coated on the goggle optics to ensure JVN compatibility with aircraft onboard lighting. FoV: 40 deg or 50 deg. Magnification: x 1. Gain: >2,700 (3rd generation tubes). Gain Match: